Digital Divides: The New Challenges and Opportunities of e-Inclusion

Kim ANDREASSON Managing DirectorDAKA advisory

IPS−IMDA Digital Inclusion SymposiumSingapore26 July 2019

Digital development

Digital inclusion trends

Digital measurement

Conclusion

Presentation overview

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Mutual benefits to digital development

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Public sector

PeoplePrivate sector

Benefits of people digital development

Source:

IRS

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1990: the American tax authority, the IRS,

received 4m online tax filings (the first year

such service was available)

2000: the number rose to 35m

2010: online tax filings surpassed 100m

2017: 127m (out of 145m) filed electronically

Benefits of public sector digital development

1

2030

50

01020304050

Digital Telephone Post Face toFace

Per unit cost of a transaction

Sources:

Danish Agency for Digitization presentation February 2019

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/digital-efficiency-report/digital-efficiency-report#introductionIPS−IMDA Digital Inclusion Symposium 5

In Denmark:

Price for

sending a

physical letter:

EUR 1.20-3.35

Price for

sending a

Digital Post

letter:

EUR 0.03

Benefits of private sector digital development

Sources:

https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx

https://unctad.org/en/Pages/PressRelease.aspx?OriginalVersionID=505

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Global ICT developments, 2005 - 2018*Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions Individuals using the Internet

Value of e-commerce

in 2017:US$29trn

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Digital development

Digital inclusion trends

Digital measurement

Conclusion

Presentation overview

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• Access • Immigration

• Age • Income

• Bandwidth • Location

• Content • Measurement

• Disability • Mobile

• Education • Speed

• Gender • Useful usage

Digital divides, a selection

Source:

Digital Divides: The New Challenges and Opportunities of e-Inclusion, edited by Kim Andreasson

From Digital Divides to e-Inclusion initiatives

• There are a number of different digital divides

• There is often a gap between the between the availability (supply) and use of important services (demand)

• Challenges to digital inclusion vary around the world

• Countries tackle barriers both similarly and differently

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Singapore

• Digital access

• Digital literacy

• Digital participation

Denmark

• Satisfaction rates

• Case of Digital Post

• New digital strategy includes a focus on data and transparency

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Sweden

• Digital strategy encompasses five areas

• Swedes and the Internet track progress

• A focus on web accessibility

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United Kingdom

• Digital first strategy

• Gov.UK as an open source portal

• Cyber security to enhance trust

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South Korea

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• Digital infrastructure leader

• Global e-government leader

• Gap in supply and demand

Vietnam

• World Bank Digital Economy assessment shows strong leadership

• Track local digital development across agencies

• New cyber security lawIPS−IMDA Digital Inclusion Symposium 15

Digital development

Digital inclusion trends

Digital measurement

Conclusion

Presentation overview

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UN e-government survey

• Measures “the willingness and capacity of countries to use online and mobile technology in the execution of government functions” (UN 2010)

• In 2018, Denmark is number one; Singapore is number seven

• Notes that social and digital exclusion are interlinked

Source:

www.unpan.org/egovkb/IPS−IMDA Digital Inclusion Symposium 17

Barriers towards digital inclusion

• Affordability was the biggest barrier, followed by the lack of ability/skills to use ICT, according to a survey from The Economist Intelligence Unit

• Policy-makers were twice as likely as telecoms executives to cite the lack of ability/skills while the roles were reversed in terms of the urban/rural divide and speed challenges

• A majority of survey takers pointed out that regulation is a benefit rather than a burden when it comes to digital inclusion

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Source:

https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/technology-innovation/redefining-digital-divide

The Internet Inclusion Index (3I)

• Global coverage

• Measures availability, affordability, relevance, and readiness

• In 2018, Sweden was number one, followed by Singapore

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Source:

https://theinclusiveinternet.eiu.com/

Digital development

Digital inclusion trends

Digital measurement

Conclusion

Presentation overview

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Technology trends and digital inclusion

• AI

• AR/VR

• Big data

• Cloud computing

• Cyber security

• Smart cities

• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Ways forward

• There is a need to redefine digital inclusion to tackle the wide variety of divides that underpin digital exclusion

• The public, private, and people sectors must come together

• The ability and motivation to use the Internet is a key factor

• Need to track progress

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Thank youwww.DAKAADVISORY.com

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