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DIGITAL DIVIDE IN THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN THE PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
A. A. BacalaBacala, W, W. . DimamayDimamay, D. , D. DinawanaoDinawanaoMindanao State UniversityMindanao State University--IliganIligan City, PhilippinesCity, Philippines
D. D. VillorenteVillorente, J. , J. TetangcoTetangcoAdvanced Science & Technology Institute (ASTI), Advanced Science & Technology Institute (ASTI),
Department of Science & TechnologyDepartment of Science & TechnologyPhilippinesPhilippines
Area: 300,000 sq km.
7,107 Islands; 2nd largest archipelago in the world
3 Major Island Groups : LuzonVisayasMindanao
16 Regions78 Provinces96 Cities
1,513 Municipalities41,943 Barangays
Capital: Manila
The Philippines
Philippine ProfilePhilippine Profile
•• 82 M population (2003); 82 M population (2003); 2.3% annual growth rate2.3% annual growth rate•• Predominantly young (71% < 35 yrs old)Predominantly young (71% < 35 yrs old)•• 95% Malayan descent 95% Malayan descent •• 84% Catholics; 10% Protestants; 5% Muslims84% Catholics; 10% Protestants; 5% Muslims•• 95.1% adult literacy95.1% adult literacy•• 73% English literacy 73% English literacy •• 2.4 M enrolled in higher education2.4 M enrolled in higher education•• 400,000 college graduates annually400,000 college graduates annually
Philippine ProfilePhilippine Profile•• Per Capita GNP: $1080Per Capita GNP: $1080•• GDP (2003): $80.6 BGDP (2003): $80.6 B•• PhPPhP 54.98 = US$154.98 = US$1
•• <25% poverty incidence<25% poverty incidence•• Ranks 70Ranks 70thth out of 160 out of 160
countries in countries in UNDPUNDP’’ss HDI HDI Report 2001Report 2001
GDP Growth (%)
5.905.20
3.304.10
3.304.30 4.70
5.90
-0.601996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
PhilippinesPhilippines’’ talent pooltalent pool
Source: 2002-04-18MB-NTY002(Report)
Source: NTC, ITU, [2]
Number of Installed Lines and Teledensity (1992-2003)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Land
line
Tele
dens
ity
PhilippinesASEANAsiaWorld
Source: ITU 2002,2005
GDP per Capita vs. GDP per Capita vs. WirelineWireline TeledensityTeledensity
Source: ITU 2003, [2]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
CARNCR I II III IV V VI
VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII
ARMM
Regions
Installed Teledensity
Subscribed Teledensity
0.351.8ARMM1.664.63XIII1.183.04XII2.427.81XI1.736.69X0.95.03IX
1.114.23VIII3.017.96VII1.716.78VI1.362.75V4.329.4IV2.965.09III1.051.36II2.544.26I
15.7926.47NCR2.436.44CAR
Average 8.7 4.17
Regional Divide2002 Regional Landline Teledensity
0.351.8ARMM1.664.63XIII1.183.04XII2.427.81XI1.736.69X0.95.03IX
1.114.23VIII3.017.96VII1.716.78VI1.362.75V4.329.4IV2.965.09III1.051.36II2.544.26I
15.7926.47NCR2.436.44CAR
Average 8.7 4.17
Regional Divide2002 Regional Landline Teledensity
0 5 10 15 20
CARNCR
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII
ARMMAverage
Landline Teledensity
Liberalized TelecommunicationsLiberalized Telecommunications•• Before 1989: one major Before 1989: one major telcotelco.; several local exchange .; several local exchange
carriers carriers
End of 2000End of 2000•• 77 Local Exchange Carriers (77 Local Exchange Carriers (LECsLECs) ) •• 11 International Gateway Facilities (IGF)11 International Gateway Facilities (IGF)•• 5 Cellular Mobile Telephone Systems (CMTS)5 Cellular Mobile Telephone Systems (CMTS)•• 15 paging companies 15 paging companies •• 11 international and domestic record carriers11 international and domestic record carriers•• 8 satellite VSAT operators8 satellite VSAT operators•• 156 Value Added Service (VAS) providers, including 156 Value Added Service (VAS) providers, including
ISPs.ISPs.
Growth of Mobile Subscribers (1995Growth of Mobile Subscribers (1995--2003)2003)
Source: NTC, ITU, [2]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Cel
lula
r Te
lede
nsity
PhilippinesASEANAsiaWorld
Source: ITU 2002,2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Cel
lula
r as
% o
f Tot
al
PhilippinesASEANAsiaWorld
Source: ITU 2002,2005
Weight of Mobile in Relation to Weight of Mobile in Relation to TeledensityTeledensity (2002)(2002)
Source: ITU 2003, [2]
DOMESTIC FIBER OPTIC DOMESTIC FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Now upgraded to 10 Gbps
1 2
PLDT’s 10 GbpsDigital Fiber Optic Backbone:
5,400 km in lengthSupported by an extensiveDigital Microwave
BackboneConnected directly to 5 international
submarine cables
SMART’S GSM Network32 switching centers3,904 base station covering1,309 towns and cities
Covers 97% of population
PREGINET : PREGINET : Philippine Research, Philippine Research, Education and Education and GovGov’’tt Information NetworkInformation Network
The country’s National Research and Education Network (NREN)Provides a nationwide broadband network that links government, academe, and research institutions in the PhilippinesInterconnects institutions for collaborative R&E activitiesSpearheads the development of user communities and applications on areas such as distance education, agriculture, bioinformatics, disaster management, and networking technologies
APANAPAN(6Mbps(6Mbps))
AI3 AI3 (1.54Mbps/512Kbp)(1.54Mbps/512Kbp)
(plus 9Mbps (plus 9Mbps downlinkdownlink))
LagunaLaguna
La UnionLa Union
BatacBatac
BenguetBenguet
NuevaNuevaEcijaEcija
NuevaNuevaVizcayaVizcaya
BaguioBaguio
IliganIligan
CDOCDO
TaclobanTacloban
IloiloIloilo
DavaoDavaoCotabatoCotabato
ZamboangaZamboanga
OrmocOrmoc
LegaspiLegaspi
CEBUCEBU
ButuanButuan
MANILAMANILA
256Kbps/512Kbpsl Frame Relay
E1 (2.048 Mbps) (TELOF)
E1 (2.048Mbps) Frame Relay
3 Exchange Points20 Access PointsPREGINET uses the DOTC-TELOF facilities to interconnect partners in the Visayas and Mindanao regions
AI3 and APAN links enable PREGINET to interconnect with other international NRENs
PREGINET
PREGINet Network Map
No. of Partner Institutions as of March 31, 2005:
Academe = 34 Government = 33Research = 27
TOTAL 96
MSUMSU--IIT Internet Connection IIT Internet Connection SummarySummary
Php30,000Php30,000(VAT Inclusive)(VAT Inclusive)
E1 (Last Mile)E1 (Last Mile)PREGINetPREGINet
$700 USD$700 USD(VAT Inclusive)(VAT Inclusive)
T1 (Redundant)T1 (Redundant)InnoveInnove
$1100 USD$1100 USD(VAT Inclusive)(VAT Inclusive)
Trimmed E1 Trimmed E1 (1.984mbps)(1.984mbps)
InnoveInnove
CostCostPer MonthPer Month
BandwidthBandwidthProviderProvider
State of Internet in the Philippines
2001 Estimates
Internet Subscribers and Estimated Users in the Philippines
Source: ITU estimates
ACFA –Asian Committee for Future Accelerators
JLC/GLC/ILCDetector Project
HEP Networking
In the Philippines, there are only 3 universities and 1 researchcenter involved in HEP.
There is only 1 university involved in experimental high energy physics.
ReferencesReferences1.1. M. M. MingesMinges et al, et al, ““PinoyPinoy Internet : Philippines Case StudyInternet : Philippines Case Study””,,
©©ITU, 2002.ITU, 2002.2.2. F. Huang, F. Huang, ““Industry Briefs: Telecommunications Industry 2003Industry Briefs: Telecommunications Industry 2003””,,
SGV& Co/Knowledge Institute, Inc. Manila, PhilippiSGV& Co/Knowledge Institute, Inc. Manila, Philippines.nes.3.3. E. E. PatalinghugPatalinghug, , ““Wireless Applications for the Digital Divide: Wireless Applications for the Digital Divide:
PhilippinesPhilippines””. Presented at . Presented at ““The Challenge of Mobile Revolution The Challenge of Mobile Revolution and the Digital Divideand the Digital Divide””, May 10, May 10--12,2004. Renaissance Hotel, 12,2004. Renaissance Hotel, Seoul, South Korea.Seoul, South Korea.
4.4. R. R. LaBrieLaBrie, A. , A. VinzeVinze, , ““Globe Telecom: Succeeding in the Philippine Globe Telecom: Succeeding in the Philippine Telecommunication EconomyTelecommunication Economy”” ©©2003, Idea Group, Inc.2003, Idea Group, Inc.
5.5. National Information Technology Council, National Information Technology Council, ““IT21: I.T. Action IT21: I.T. Action Agenda for the 21Agenda for the 21stst CenturyCentury””,, October 1997. Manila, Philippines.October 1997. Manila, Philippines.
6.6. R. Valencia, R. Valencia, ““Concept Paper: A Strategic Approach to Bridge the Concept Paper: A Strategic Approach to Bridge the Digital Divide in the PhilippinesDigital Divide in the Philippines’’’’, APT Regional Forum, , APT Regional Forum, Indonesia, February 2004.Indonesia, February 2004.
Thank you!Thank you!