Digital Content SWOT Analysis, Full Version 10122012 Last 180

8/12/2019 Digital Content SWOT Analysis, Full Version 10122012 Last 180

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List of Tables

Table 1: !ndicative tar'ets for minim#m content contrib#tion to E#ropeana permember state 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555

Table 8: esearch and development e;pendit#re as a percenta'e of .+ 5555555555555555555 7

Table <: .ross domestic prod#ct at mar=et prices - percenta'e chan'e on previo#speriod 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555

Table >: .ross domestic prod#ct per capita in #rchasin' o?er Standards 55555555555555 1<

Table 9: E;ternal balance of 'oods and services, c#rrent prices (in million E$ ) 5555555 1>

Table @: $nemplo4ment rates at first and second sta'e of tertiar4 ed#cation 55555555555 19 Table A: roportion of pop#lation a'ed @9 and over 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 1@

Table : !mmi'ration and emi'ration in selected SEE co#ntries 5555555555555555555555555555555555 1A



List of Figures

*i'#re 1: +i'ital content assessment frame?or= 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 >

*i'#re 8: E$ scores on the +i'ital "'enda tar'ets 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 18

*i'#re <: $nemplo4ment rates in selected co#ntries 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 1> *i'#re >: Median a'e of pop#lation 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 19

*i'#re 9: ercenta'e of pop#lation doin' an online co#rse (in an4 s#bBect) 55555555555555 1

*i'#re @: ercenta'e of individ#als ?ith medi#m or hi'h comp#ter s=ills 555555555555555555 17

*i'#re A: ercenta'e of individ#als ?ho have ?ritten a comp#ter pro'ram #sin' a

specialised pro'rammin' lan'#a'e or created a Web pa'e 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555 86

*i'#re : *i;ed broadband and internet penetration 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 8>

*i'#re 7: Mobile penetration 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 8@

*i'#re 16: Mobile broadband penetration 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 8@

*i'#re 11: %ocal content b4 econom4 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 8

*i'#re 18: %ocal content b4 econom4 - recreated 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 87

*i'#re 1<: Wi=ipedia articles per lan'#a'e 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 87

*i'#re 1>: Wi=ipedia articles per lan'#a'e1M inhabitants 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555 <6

*i'#re 19: Share of E#ropeana content (n#mber of di'ital obBects) b4 co#ntr4 555555555 <1

*i'#re 1@: Share of E#ropeana content b4 co#ntr4 per 1M inhabitants 555555555555555555555 <1 *i'#re 1A: D+ e;pendit#res (&E +) in !CT sector 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 <9

*i'#re 1 : Total D+ e;pendit#re 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 <9

*i'#re 17: D+ e;pendit#res (&E +) in !CT sector per capita 55555555555555555555555555555555555<@



*i'#re 8A: SME participation in * A !CT di'ital content themes 5555555555555555555555555555555555 >8

*i'#re 8 : elative SME participation in di'ital content theme for specific co#ntr4 55 >8

*i'#re 87: articipation of SMEs in * A !CT di'ital content themes per 1Minhabitants5 555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 >

*i'#re <6: otential for #ser 'enerated content, +"E Scorecard 55555555555555555555555555555555 >< *i'#re <1: Creators of Wi=ipedia content 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 >>

*i'#re <8: #mber of participants in E$ innovation proBects 5555555555555555555555555555555555555 >9

*i'#re <<: #mber of participants in E$ innovation proBects 5555555555555555555555555555555555555 >9

*i'#re <>: T4pes of internet #sa'e 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 >

*i'#re <9: Share of *aceboo= #sers 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 >7





available in interoperable forms5 Man4 application opport#nities arise from adoptin' the e-content approach, as both provides, #sers and service developers become important pla4ersand in the di'ital landscape, ?hich the4 all form to'ether5

+i'ital content theme that is the obBect of this anal4sis in a broad sense incorporates severaltopics dealt ?ith in the !CT polic4 frame?or= at the E$ and national levels:

• +i'ital libraries, preservation and e-archivin'• +istrib#ted a''re'ation of content• +i'itisation of c#lt#ral, ed#cational and scientific ?or=s• Open access and open data• M#ltilin'#al ?eb content mana'ement• !ntelli'ent !nformation Mana'ement•

Technolo'4 enhanced learnin'

olic4 frame?or= for di'ital content at the E$ level started ?ith adoption of eE#rope8668and eE#rope8669 action plans ?ithin %isbon a'enda that aimed at s#pportin' f#rther andH#ic=er development and #se of internet and di'ital content to'ether ?ith other meas#resfor b#ildin' a s#ccessf#l information societ45 !nitial assessment of E$ stat#s has reco'nisedthat comparin' to the $S", E$ has not benefited the internet development as m#ch as it

co#ld, ta=in' into acco#nt that it had the 'reatest p#blishin' sector, lar'e amo#nt of c#lt#raland ed#cational assets to'ether ?ith lin'#istic diversit4 that all co#ld be e;ploited in b#ildin'the internet content and services5 &ased on polic4 recommendations, several pro'rammeshave been established to s#pport creation of di'ital content s#ch as eContent, eContent l#s,or eTE 5 The prime foc#s of that polic4 and pro'rammes ?ith respect to the 'eneral content?as on p#blic sector information, tar'etin' c#lt#ral, ed#cational, scientific content and'eo'raphic content to'ether ?ith lin'#istic infrastr#ct#re needed for b#ildin' the cross

border content for common di'ital mar=et5 !nitial assessments of the stat#s in this areadidnIt foc#s on content per se b#t have been oriented into more 'eneric internetpenetration and 'eneral e-econom4 meas#rements s#ch as n#mber of internet hosts and!S s, etc55 *irst attempt to sho? more direct content related pict#re has been done in 866<?ithin eE#rope8668 benchmar=in' report F1G ?here the first attempt of meas#rin' the



evolvin' internet technolo'4 has bro#'ht the platform not onl4 for the f#t#re technolo'ical,b#t even more important b#siness and societal transformation that has become one of themost important driver for f#rther development and 'ro?th5 E$ polic4 has tried to reflect thisne? sit#ation and set its priorities in rene?ed %isbon strate'4 for 'ro?th and Bobs inemphasisin' the innovation and competitiveness as important foc#s5 One of the mostimportant milestone on this path represented so called "ho report F<G that proposed to stepo#t of the narro? definition of D+ polic4 and set the broader innovation frame?or= ta=in'into acco#nt the 'lobalisation challen'es of E$5 !t proposed str#ct#ral chan'es for b#ildin'innovation friendl4 mar=ets for b#siness as a driver for investment in research andinnovation b4 Boinin' s#ppl4 side actions ?ith creation of demand for innovative prod#ctsand services, in partic#lar di'ital5 eport has proposed some of the hi'h potential areas thatsho#ld be e;ploited incl#din' +i'ital Content5

!nnovation strate'4 has been set #p F>G and !CT polic4 has been revised accordin'l4 in thei8616 strate'4 F9G, ?hich incl#ded actions for b#ildin' di'ital mar=et, enhancin' bothresearch and innovation investment and b#ildin' demand side !CT services areas5 *orstreamlinin' technolo'ical areas, instr#ments s#ch as technolo'4 platforms have beenpromoted that ?o#ld enhance partnership of research and ind#strial sta=eholders intechnolo'ical areas ?here E$ has capacit4 to lead the mar=et5 +i'ital content has been

covered in at least t?o ET s, namel4 ET for net?or= soft?are and services ( ESS!) andnet?or= and electronic media ( EM)5

This set#p for lar'er innovation frame?or= has been s#pported b4 several s#pport polic4instr#ments ?here 8 most important at the E$ level are *rame?or= pro'ramme A (* A) fors#pport of research and development activities and Competitiveness and !nnovation*rame?or= pro'ramme (C! ) for s#pport of innovation related activities5 e? !CT D+

strate'4 F@G has raised the e;plicit need for tac=lin' both provision and demand side in itsp#sh-p#ll strate'4 in order to cover all innovation diff#sion lifec4cle5 The clear messa'e ?asthat !CT as an pervasive technolo'4 needs a clear demand side strate'ies and s#pport actionsin order for E$ to benefit the relativel4 hi'h and s#ccessf#l D+ res#lts for economic 'ro?th5This is even more important in case of di'ital content area ?here in addition #sers can pla4





Commission, 8667

FAG E-Content in E#rope: +imensions of an Emer'in' *ield, "ndrea &#chhol , "ns'ar erfass,

M*. &aden-W rttember', in E-content: Technolo'ies and erspectives of the

E#ropean mar=et, ed5 eter "5 &r#c=, "ndrea &#chhol , e''er Carssen, "ns'ar

erfass, Sprin'er, 8669F G +i'ital &roadband Content: +i'ital Content Strate'ies and olicies, OEC+ +i'ital

Econom4 papers, o5 117, OEC+ #blishin', 866@5

6$estions #or e perts

15 !s theme di'ital content important for f#rther development of the national re'ionalresearch b#siness environmentN

85 "re topics identified important for f#rther development of the national re'ionalresearch b#siness environmentN

<5 What is the role of local content sta=eholders in f#rther development of thenational re'ional research b#siness environment (research, b#siness, ed#cation, #se,content creation, 'overnment)

>5 Scope of di'ital content that is relevant for the SEE re'ion:

• On-line (e-content) of-line (C+, +3+, etc5)

• Traditional entertainment media (T3, radio, ne?spapers, boo=s, films, m#sic, )

• S!

• $ser 'enerated content

95 What are the main !CT technolo'ical trends in the area of di'ital content andcorrespondin' identified topicsN

@5 What are the main mar=et trends in the area of di'ital content (mobile apps 'amin'



115 !nternet and di'ital content chan'e traditional models of cons#mption creation of

information content, interaction comm#nication, learnin', researchin', doin' b#siness5What opport#nities are there for national re'ional sta=eholdersN Ko? to connectN

185 What are c#rrent main research iss#es in the di'ital content area and correspondin'topicsN Ko? the di'itali ation itself ?ill happenN Means ?ho ?ill do it, ho?, ?ith ?hattools and processes, ?here the mone4 and the s=illed ?or=force ?ill comeN +o ?ee;pect or'anicall4 all the c#lt#ral herita'e to move to di'italN

1<5 What are c#rrent main iss#es in development of E$ mar=et for di'ital content (! ,privac4, cons#mer re'#lation, confidence, etc5)N

1>5 What is the role of 'overnment in facilitatin' f#rther development of e;cellent researchin di'ital contentN

195 What is the role of 'overnment in facilitatin' f#rther development of e;cellent b#sinessopport#nities in di'ital contentN

1@5 What is the role of search en'ines re'ardin' di'ital content distrib#tionN

1A5 Ko? the internet of thin's ?ill or affects di'ital contentN

1 5 What are re'ional obstacles to move local content to 'lobal perspectiveN



0 PEST)E analysis

2.1 Political factors

The p#rpose of the E#rope 8686 Strate'4 is to improve conditions and access to finance forresearch and innovation and to ens#re that innovative ideas can be t#rned into prod#cts andservices that create 'ro?th and Bobs5 ConseH#entl4 E#rope sho#ld develop its o?ndistinctive approach to innovation5 E#rope 8686 foc#ses on innovations that address themaBor societal challen'es identified in E#rope 8686 F1G5

The five main tar'ets of the E#rope 8686 strate'4 are:

• Emplo4ment: A9J of the 86-@> 4ear-olds to be emplo4ed

• D+: <J of the E$ s .+ to be invested in D+• Climate chan'e ener'4: 'reenho#se 'as emissions 86J lo?er than 1776, 86J of

ener'4 from rene?ables, 86J increase in ener'4 efficienc4

• Ed#cation: ed#cin' school drop-o#t rates belo? 16J at least >6J of <6-<>L4ear-olds completin' third level ed#cation

• overt4 social e;cl#sion: at least 86 million fe?er people in or at ris= of povert4and social e;cl#sion

The E#ropean Commission has proposed to spend almost 7,8 billion E$ from 861> to 8686on pan-E#ropean proBects to 'ive E$ citi ens and b#sinesses access to hi'h-speed broadbandnet?or=s and the services that r#n on them5 The f#ndin' ?o#ld ta=e the form of both eH#it4and debt instr#ments and 'rants5 !t ?o#ld complement private investment and p#blic mone4at local, re'ional and national level and E$ str#ct#ral or cohesion f#nds5 "t least A billion E$

?o#ld be available for investment in hi'h-speed broadband infrastr#ct#re F8G5e'ardin' the di'ital libraries the E$ is reH#estin' for f#rther efforts for all member statesfor ratification of a common di'ital librar45 %ibraries in E$ co#ntries contain more than 859billion boo=s, ho?ever merel4 abo#t 1J of archival material is available in di'ital form+espite member states have made si'nificant pro'ress in ma=in' c#lt#ral content accessible



c#rrentl4 a 'ap bet?een the obBects ?hich have been di'itised and their online accessibilit4F16G5

E#ropeana 'ives direct access to more than 17 million di'itised obBects and merel4 8J ofthese obBects are so#nd or a#dio-vis#al material5 !ncreasin' the content that is accessiblethro#'h E#ropeana, incl#din' t4pes of material that are c#rrentl4 #nderrepresented, ?illma=e the site more interestin' for the #sers, and sho#ld therefore be enco#ra'ed5 Theoverall tar'et of <6 million obBects b4 8619 is still in line ?ith E#ropeanaIs strate'ic plan, andalso in line ?ith 'ettin' E#ropeIs entire c#lt#ral herita'e di'itised b4 8689 F<G5

The indicative tar'ets for minim#m content contrib#tion to E#ropeana for selected SEEco#ntries and their level of f#lfilment are presented in Table 15

Ta+le . &ndicati'e targets #or minim$m content contri+$tion to E$ropeana per mem+er

state

#mber of obBects inE#ropeana

!ndicative Tar'et8619PP

"chieved(in J)

"#stria 8 856<7 @665666 >AJ&#l'aria < 58@< 8@A5666 1>J.reece 81159<8 @1 5666 <>J

K#n'ar4 1195@81 >1A5666 8 Jomania <95 98 A 75666 9JSlovenia 8>>5@98 <1 5666 AAJ

Source: urostat

!n

Table 8 the D+ e;pendit#res incl#din' all e;pendit#res for D+ performed ?ithin theb#siness enterprise sector on the national territor4 d#rin' a 'iven period, re'ardless of theso#rce of f#nds are presented5 +espite the economic and financial crisis the percenta'e of.+ for research and development remains stable and is slo?l4 increasin' almost in allselected SEE co#ntries5 Ko?ever, d#e to the decreased .+ in the last 4ears in SEEeconomies the absol#te e;pendit#res for D+ are decreasin'5



Ta+le 0 Research and de'elopment e pendit$re as a percentage o# 7DP8666 8661 8668 866< 866> 8669 866@ 866A 866 8667 8616

E$ (8Aco#ntries)

1,7 1,7 1,7 1,7 1, 1, 1,7 1,7 1,7 8,6 8,6

&#l'aria 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,@.reece 6,@ 6,@ 6,@ 6,@ 6,@ 6,@K#n'ar4 6, 6,7 1,6 6,7 6,7 6,7 1,6 1,6 1,6 1,8 1,8"#stria 1,7 8,1 8,1 8,8 8,8 8,9 8,> 8,9 8,A 8,A 8,omania 6,> 6,> 6,> 6,> 6,> 6,> 6,9 6,9 6,@ 6,9 6,9Slovenia 1,> 1,9 1,9 1,< 1,> 1,> 1,@ 1,9 1,A 1,7 8,1

Source: urostat

!n 8616, D+ intensit4 ( D+ e;pendit#re as a percenta'e of .+ ) in the E$-8A remains at8J, ?hich is belo? the <J tar'et set for 8616 b4 the %isbon strate'45 The < J tar'et ?ill bemaintained for the ne;t ten 4ears as one of the five =e4 tar'ets of the E#rope 8686 strate'45D+ intensit4 in the E$ ?as belo? that in 0apan (866 : <,>9J), So#th /orea (866 : <,<@J)and the $nited States (866 : 8,A7J), b#t hi'her comparin' to China (1,>AJ) in 866 5&et?een E$ member states, onl4 *inland (<5 A J), S?eden (<5>8 J) and +enmar= (<56@ J)

e;ceeded the 'oal of devotin' < J of .+ to D+ FAG5

Selected SEE countries profilesThe data for the co#ntries belo? are 'athered from the +i'ital "'enda Scoreboard F9G5Overall, from the profiles belo? it is evident that in SEE co#ntries ?ith the e;ception for"#stria, the penetration 'ro?th rates are belo? the E$ avera'e5

Austria!n 0an#ar4 8618, the penetration rate of fi;ed broadband ?as 8@,>J of the pop#lation, #p8,9 percenta'e points 4ear-on-4ear, b#t still 1,< p5p5 belo? the E$ avera'e of 8A,AJ5 "#striapresents the fastest penetration 'ro?th rate in the E$5 !n 8667, b#siness e;pendit#re onD+ in the !CT sectors amo#nted to @<< mio Q, do?n from A1> mio Q the 4ear before,



&#l'aria is not ta=en into acco#nt b4 the c#rrent E$ methodolo'ies and as a res#lt is notincl#ded in the official n#mbers5 !f %" access is incl#ded in the methodolo'4 one co#ldass#me that the &#l'arian position on this indicator ?o#ld be si'nificantl4 better (CS+, 8616)!n 8667, b#siness e;pendit#re on D+ in the !CT sectors amo#nted to A mio Q, do?n from 16mio Q the 4ear before, res#ltin' in an D+ intensit4 of 6,9J of sectorial val#e added, eH#all4do?n from 6, J in 866 5 "ll of these fi'#res are e;tremel4 lo? compared to the E$ avera'e5

The share of !CT in total b#siness e;pendit#re on D+ is fairl4 lo?, at B#st above 1<J, andp#blic s#pport for !CT D+ ?as a ne'li'ible share of total p#blic f#ndin' for D+, ?hichamo#nted to 6,<8J of .+ , amon' the lo?est in the E$ 51

1 !t co#ld be ass#med that many &CT enterprises in ,$lgaria do not register their RTD& acti'ities thro$gh re'isterin' patents ?ith &#l'arian a#thors (CS+, 8616) or thro#'h properl4 reportin' the T+! e;pense into theational Statistical !nstit#te (Ralamov D &o#'io#=lis, *ebr#ar4 8611)5 "s a res#lt the statistics on T+! co#ld be

ass#med as #nderestimated5"reece!n 0an#ar4 8618, the penetration rate of fi;ed broadband is 815 J of the pop#lation, #p 15percenta'e points (p5p5) 4ear-on-4ear b#t still 957 p5p5 belo? the E$ avera'e of 8A5AJ5.reece,?ith a 15 pp 4ear-on-4ear 'ro?th rate, is the fo#rth top co#ntr4 above the E$ avera'e'ro?th of 158 p5p5!n 8667, b#siness e;pendit#re on D+ (&E +) in the !CT sectors amo#ntedto 9A mio Q, do?n from A> mio Q the 4ear before, res#ltin' in an D+ intensit4 of 65AJ of

sectoral val#e added, do?n from 1J in 866 5 The share of !CT in total &E + is lo? avera'e, at B#st #nder 19J5

#ungary!n 0an#ar4 8618, the penetration rate of fi;ed broadband ?as 88,1J of the pop#lation, #p1,@ percenta'e points 4ear-on-4ear b#t still 9,@ percenta'e points belo? the E$ avera'e5 !n8667, b#siness e;pendit#re on D+ in the !CT sectors amo#nted to 116 mio Q, sharpl4 #pfrom A@ mio Q the 4ear before, res#ltin' in an D+ intensit4 of 8,<J of sectorial val#e added,eH#all4 m#ch hi'her than the 15>J in 866 5 The share of !CT in total b#siness e;pendit#re onD+ is close to the E$ avera'e, at sli'htl4 belo? 86J, b#t p#blic s#pport for !CT D+ ?asonl4 aro#nd AJ of total p#blic f#ndin' for D+, ?hich amo#nted to 6,> J of .+ , belo? E$avera'e5



Slovenia!n 0an#ar4 8618, the penetration rate of fi;ed broadband ?as 8>5@J of the pop#lation, #p65> percenta'e points 4ear-on-4ear b#t still <51 percenta'e points belo? the E$ avera'e5Slovenia is both belo? the E$ penetration avera'e level and is the second co#ntr4 ?ith theslo?est penetration 'ro?th rate5 !n 8667, b#siness e;pendit#re on D+ in the !CT sectors

amo#nted to >7 mio Q, nearl4 #nchan'ed from > mio Q the 4ear before, res#ltin' in anincreased D+ intensit4 of >,>J of sectorial val#e added, after <,7J in 866 5 The share of !CTin total b#siness e;pendit#re on D+ is lo?, at B#st above 16J, and p#blic s#pport for !CTD+ ?as ro#'hl4 16J of total p#blic f#ndin' for D+, ?hich itself amo#nted to 6,A9J of.+ , ver4 close to the E$ avera'e5

*i'#re 8 presents ho? the overall E$ scores on the +i'ital "'enda tar'ets5 The specificobBectives demonstrated to determine pro'ress to?ards the 'oals are:

• &roadband covera'e for all• 96J of citi ens b#4in' online• 86J of citi ens b#4in' online cross-border• <<J of SMEIs b#4in' online• <<J of SMEIs sellin' online• A9J internet re'#lar #se• @6J internet #se b4 disadvanta'ed 'ro#ps• 9J internet #se• 96J of citi ens #sin' e.overnment• 89J of citi ens #sin' e.overnment and ret#rnin' forms• 11bn D+ in !CT p#blic spendin' in 8686• 96J of ho#seholds have s#bsciptions lar'er than 166 Mbps (8686)• 166J covera'e of lar'er than <6 Mbps (8686)

!n some areas the pro'ress is evident, ho?ever the pro'ress is not lar'e eno#'h to meet the+i'ital "'enda tar'ets5 *or e;ample, despite the economic slo?do?n, there has been 'ro?thin p#blic investment in D+ b#t not stron' eno#'h to hit the tar'et in 8686 F>G5



Fig$re 0 E( scores on the Digital Agenda targets

Source: Digital Agen%a Scoreboar%

+i'ital competences and literac4 have been incl#ded as priorities in the ne? proposal for theE#ropean Social *#nd5 While @AJ of the E$ citi ens #ses internet ever4 ?ee= and 9@J ever4



2.2 Economic factors

The 'lobal financial crisis has affected most of the SEE economies, as the real .+ 'ro?th?as ne'ative in 8667 to re'ain onl4 a part of the 'ro?th moment#m in 8616, as it is sho?n inTable <5 ecent 4ears are still not promisin' re'ardin' the .+ 'ro?th ho?ever from theforecast for 861< it seems that .+ ?ill have positive 'ro?th in all SEE economies5

Ta+le 2 7ross domestic prod$ct at mar5et prices 8 percentage change on pre'io$s period866@ 866A 866 8667 8616 8611 8618PP 861<PP

E$ (8A co#ntries) <,< <,8 6,< ->,< 8,1 1,9 6,6 1,<E$ (19 co#ntries) <,1 <,6 6,6 ->,> 8,1 1,> -6,8 1,8&#l'aria @,9 @,> @,8 -9,9 6,> 1,A 6,9 1,7.reeceP 9,9 <,6 -6,8 -<,< -<,9 -@,7 ->,A 6,6

K#n'ar4 <,7 6,1 6,7 -@, 1,< 1,@ -6,< 1,6"#stria <,A <,A 1,> -<, 8,1 8,A 6, 1,Aomania A,7 @,< A,< -@,@ -1,@ 8,9 1,> 8,7Slovenia 9, A,6 <,> -A, 1,8 6,@ -1,> 6,AMontene'ro ,@ 16,@ @,7 -9,A 8,9 8, 6,> 8,6(Pprovisional PPforecast)

Source: urostatThe same is evident from the Table > sho?in' 'ross domestic prod#ct in million E$ percapita in #rchasin' o?er Standards5

Ta+le 4 7ross domestic prod$ct per capita in P$rchasing Po-er Standards866@ 866A 866 8667 8616 8611

E$ (8A co#ntries) 8<5A66 895666 895666 8<5966 8>5966 895866

&#l'aria <5>66 >5666 >5@66 >5@66 >5 66.reece 1 5A66 175766 865A66 865966 865166 175666K#n'ar4 5766 75766 165966 75166 75A66 165166"#stria <15<66 <<5666 <<5766 <<5666 <>5166 <95A66omania >5966 95 66 @5966 95966 95 66



Ta+le 3 E ternal +alance o# goods and ser'ices% c$rrent prices !in million E(R"

8667>

86161

86168

8616<

8616>

86111

86118

8611<

8611>

86181

86188

E$ (8Aco#ntries)

>656 9 8A5@<> 8@5696 <1578@ <1597< <657A9 8 588 <7571@ > 51A8 >751>> 9>597<

&#l'aria -<AA -@9@ -> > 8A -188 -81 -8@< -1> 9 -911

.reece -@59> -@56@ ->5 9> ->5996 ->5661 ->51 9K#n'ar4 15>>> 15@<8 15>79 15>AA 15A19 15 >> 1577> 15 A8 15A88 15A71 8561<

"#stria 85 7 85@@@ 857>< 85 >< 85>>6 85<86 858@A 858@> 85< 7 85>>> 85< 7

omania -1597> -851@< -15 76 -15>71 -156@1 -15A9A -851>9 -856>6 -158>6 -1578< -15A9>

Slovenia 1>6 1>> -8A 9 -@> A > 7@ 8@A 1A> >1>

Source: urostat

!n *i'#re < #nemplo4ment rates representin' #nemplo4ed persons as a percenta'e of thelabo#r force are depicted5 E;cept for "#stria, ?hich is havin' H#ite stable and lo?#nemplo4ment rate, all selected SEE co#ntries are facin' ?ith 'ro?in' #nemplo4ment rates5

Fig$re 2 (nemployment rates in selected co$ntries





Ta+le 1 Proportion o# pop$lation aged 93 and o'er

8666 8661 8668 866< U 866A 866 8667 8616 8611

E$ (8A co#ntries) 19,@ 19, 1@,6 1@,8 U 1@,7 1A,1 1A,8 1A,>

&#l'aria 1@,8 1@,< 1@,7 1A,6 U 1A,< 1A,< 1A,> 1A,9 1A,A

.reece 1@,9 1@, 1A,8 1A,9 U 1 ,@ 1 ,@ 1 ,A 1 ,7 17,<

K#n'ar4 19,6 19,1 19,< 19,> U 19,7 1@,8 1@,> 1@,@ 1@,A"#stria 19,> 19,> 19,9 19,> U 1@,7 1A,1 1A,> 1A,@ 1A,@

omania 1<,8 1<,9 1<,7 1>,8 U 1>,7 1>,7 1>,7 1>,7

Slovenia 1<,7 1>,1 1>,9 1>, U 19,7 1@,< 1@,> 1@,9 1@,9

Montene'ro 11,A U 18,7 18,7 1<,6 18,A 18,@Source: urostat

The pop#lation in E#rope is clearl4 becomin' older5 The E$ Commission stressed in theE#rope 8686 strate'4 the importance of health4 and active a'ein'5 The 4ear 8618 is VTheE#ropean Rear of "ctive "'ein' and the Solidarit4 bet?een .enerations5 The E#ropean 4earsho#ld help raisin' a?areness, 'eneratin' innovative approaches and disseminatin' 'oodpractices5 Th#s all 'enerations are as=ed to act to'ether and also to learn, to prod#ce andshare =no?led'e5 !n the di'ital =no?led'e societ4, technolo'4 and social media sho#ld notdivide, b#t rather promote interrelation amon'st 'enerations F G5

*#rther, promotin' access of older persons to ed#cation and to !CT and th#s #pdatin' s=illsb4 providin' access to lifelon' learnin' sho#ld help them to remain active and involved in thesociet45 !CT enhanced learnin' sho#ld have an important place in lifelon' learnin'5evertheless, the electronic media #se is more freH#ent and intensive since media and theinternet ma=es it easier to maintain contact ?ith relatives and friends5 Ko?ever, it isimportant to avoid e;cl#sion and mar'inalisation of older persons b4 lo?erin' the accessbarriers to !CT enhanced learnin' and other ed#cational obstacles F G5

With re'ards to m#ltilin'#al ?eb content it is 'enerall4 considered that En'lish is and ?illcontin#o#sl4 be the main lan'#a'e of the !nternet and perhaps also of the ?orld5 Th#s, it isoften incorrectl4 ass#med that En'lish lan'#a'e ?ill al?a4s be the lin'#a franca of the



access contin#es to diff#se, the sit#ation sho#ld not be different re'ardin' the lan'#a'e thatinternet #sers ?o#ld prefer for ?eb pa'es and e-mail conversations F11G5 *#rthermore, it hasbeen sho?n that more than 96J of the internet #sers spea= a native lan'#a'e that is notEn'lish and that ?eb #sers are #p to fo#r times more li=el4 to p#rchase from a site thatcomm#nicates in their native lan'#a'e F18G5 Since E$ is allo?in' the free flo? of 'oods andpeople the m#lti-lin'#al content mana'ement is considerabl4 important5 !t is especiall4 the

case ?ith re'ards to the immi'ration5

Considerin' mi'ration in SEE re'ion, there are no si'nificant chan'es in the last 4ears and then#mbers are H#ite stable as it is evident from Table 5 The table is sho?in' the total n#mberof lon'-term immi'rants into and lon'-term emi'rants from the selected co#ntries d#rin'the reference 4ear5

Ta+le : &mmigration and emigration in selected SEE co$ntries&$$igration '((( ) '((* '((+ '((, '((- '((. '(/(E$ (8Aco#ntries) U <5<66566

6<5966566

6>5666566

6<5 66566

6&#l'aria U 159@1 158<@.reece U 11756A6K#n'ar4 815A8@ U 8A5 86 895A<8 8>5<@1 <A5@98 8A5 7>

"#stria 15@A@ U 11>5>@9 7 59<9 16@5@97 11656A> A<58A A<5 @<Slovenia @51 9 U 1956>1 86561@ 87517< <65@7< <6587@ 195>1@$$igration '((( ) '((* '((+ '((, '((- '((. '(/(E$ (8Aco#ntries) U 85<1>5A6

6&#l'aria U 8579 85118.reece U 11757 9K#n'ar4 859>6 U <5@9 >5<1> >5966 75971 165> < 11516<"#stria @>5>A8 U A651<< A>5><8 A1578 A95@< 9@5<7A 9157@Slovenia <59A6 U 5@69 1<5A>7 1>57>< 185167 1 5A 1957<A

Source: urostat



2.4 Technological factorsWith re'ards to e-%earnin', the percenta'e of pop#lation doin' an online co#rse isincreasin' in the last three 4ears as it is evident from the *i'#re 9 , ho?ever the percenta'ein selected SEE co#ntries is considerabl4 lo?er comparin' to *inland, a co#ntr4 ?ith thehi'hest percenta'e5 Ret, the percenta'e in SEE co#ntries is at the E#rope avera'e level5

Fig$re 3 Percentage o# pop$lation doing an online co$rse !in any s$+*ect"

Source: urostat 0 Co$$unity survey on &CT usage in #ousehol%s an% by &n%ivi%uals

!t seems that SEE co#ntries, e;cept for &#l'aria and omania have individ#als ?ith adeH#atecomp#ter s=ills, since there are not important differences comparin' to co#ntries ?ith thehi'hest percenta'e of individ#als ?ith medi#m or hi'h comp#ter s=ills (!celand and%#;embo#r')5 This percenta'e has also been increasin' in the last 4ears as it is evident from



Fig$re 9 Percentage o# indi'id$als -ith medi$m or high comp$ter s5ills


*i'#re A is sho?in' that selected SEE co#ntries are positioned m#ch lo?er ?ith re'ards tothe percenta'e of individ#als ?ho have ?ritten a comp#ter pro'ram or created a Webpa'e?hen comparin' to the co#ntries ?ith the hi'hest percenta'e (*inland, S?eden, or?a4 and!celand)5

!nterestin' to see is that distrib#tion of more specific development s=ills does not translateeH#all4 from overall !CT s=ills5 "vera'e difference bet?een SEE and E$8A are lar'er here, b#tSlovenia and &#l'aria seem to have relativel4 lo?er share of soft?are development s=ills,&#l'aria also in the area of ?eb development5



Fig$re 1 Percentage o# indi'id$als -ho ha'e -ritten a comp$ter program $sing aspecialised programming lang$age or created a We+ page


2. Legal factors+espite recent efforts at the E$ level to improve re'#lations re'ardin' privac4 and dataprotection, the c#rrent le'al frame?or=s are fra'mented and remain #ncertain thro#'ho#tthe area5 rivac4 and ! la?s are enforced at the national level5 There is also a fra'mentednet?or= of re'#lations re'ardin' the telecomm#nication mar=et5elevant E$ directives c#rrentl4 consist of: protection of individ#als ?ith re'ard to theprocessin' of personal data b4 competent a#thorities, electronic comm#nication net?or=sand services and cooperation bet?een national a#thorities, the retention of data 'enerated



The creation of me'a di'ital libraries and boo=stores s#ch as the one bein' spearheaded b4.oo'le has onl4 reinforced the #r'enc4 for E#rope to ens#re that its rich c#lt#ral herita'eand intellect#al creation is ma=e available to researchers, scholars, cons#mers and the p#blicat lar'e5 (19)

The Comm#nication addresses these iss#es5 !t o#tlines actions that the Commission intendsto ta=e to facilitate the mass-scale di'itisation and dissemination of E#ropean librar4collections5 This ?ill provide researchers and cons#mers ?ith ne? and e;citin' ?a4s to 'ainaccess to =no?led'e5 The Commission also intends to find a sol#tion to the iss#e of so-calledVorphan ?or=sV, ?or=s ?hose a#thors are #n=no?n or #nlocatable or both5 Their #ncertaincop4ri'ht stat#s means that the4 cannot be #tilised, deprivin' citi ens of an importantso#rce of intellect#al material5 !mprovin' the distrib#tion and availabilit4 of ?or=s forpersons ?ith disabilities, partic#larl4 the vis#all4 impaired, is another cornerstone of theComm#nication5



Re#erences

F1G E#ropean Commission5 E#rope 8686 Strate'4, fromhttp: ec5e#ropa5e# e#rope8686 inde; en5htm F8G E#ropean Commission5 (8611)5 Commission proposes over Q7 billion for broadbandinvestment etrieved A575, 8618, from

http: ec5e#ropa5e# information societ4 ne?sroom cf item-detail-dae5cfmNitem idXA><6Dlan'#a'eXdefa#lt F<G E#ropean Commission5 (8611)5 ecommendations on the di'itisation and onlineaccessibilit4 of c#lt#ral material and di'ital preservation5 O11icial 2ournal o1 the uropean3nion4 '-5 (<7)5F>G E#ropean Commission5 (8618)5 Commission staff ?or=in' doc#ment: +i'ital "'endaScoreboard 86185F9G E#ropean Commission5 (8618)5 +i'ital "'enda Scoreboard5F@G E#ropean Commission5 (8618)5 Enhancin' di'ital literac4, s=ills and incl#sion etrieved16575, 8618, from http: ec5e#ropa5e# information societ4 di'ital-a'enda scoreboard pillars s=ills inde; en5htm FAG E#ropean Commission5 (8618)5Science4 technology an% innovation in urope: '(/'e%ition5 %#;embo#r': #blications Office of the E#ropean $nion5F G Elearnin'e#ropa5info5 E+E 8618 "nn#al Conference: Open %earnin' .enerationsetrieved 885 5, 8618, from http: ???5elearnin'e#ropa5info sl ta;onom4 term 176 F7G M5 a#l %e?is (Ed5)5 (8667)5thnologue: 6anguages o1 the Worl% (Si;teenth edition ed5)5+allas, Te;: S!% !nternational5F16G %ib.i'5 E$ E4es $nified +i'ital %ibrar45 etrieved 16575, 8618, fromhttp: ???5lib'i'5com e#di'ital F11G 0acob alme5 M#ltilin'#al Content Mana'ement etrieved 865 5, 8618, from

http: ?eb>health5info en a#; m#lti-lin'#al-content F18G +aniel ar'man, D 0acob alme5 (8667)5 "SC!! !mperialism5 !n M5 %ampland D S5 %5 Star(Eds5),Stan%ar%s an% their stories: #o7 8uanti1ying4 classi1ying4 an% 1or$alising practicesshape every%ay li1e 5 e? Ror=: Cornell $niversit4 ress5F1<G 5 ar=er5 (1779)59i e% signals: The prospects 1or global television ne7s : T?entieth



0/2 Social #actorsThe c#rrent economic crisis appears that ?ill have H#ite an immediate social impact in SE5Can this be ta=en into considerationN "ltho#'h it is ac=no?led'ed that secondar4 data ?illbe limited at this time5

0/4 Tech #actorsOnl4 e-learnin' is e;amined

0/3 )egal #actorsThe 'lobali ation of di'ital content flo? ma=es more immense the reH#irement for E$'overnin' la?s5



2 Digital content SWOT

3.1 Content infrastructure and a!ailabilit"

Telecomm#nication infrastr#ct#re is the prereH#isite for advanced #se of the internet5 !tsavailabilit4 defines both the t4pe of content and patterns of its creation, sharin' and #se over

the net?or=5 SEE re'ion is not at the forefront of the infrastr#ct#re development as sho?non *i'#re 5 Comparin' to the E$ avera'e, SEE rates lo?er in internet penetration amon'individ#als altho#'h some of the northern co#ntries have comparable internet access rate asE$ avera'e5 The differences amon' SEE co#ntries are H#ite hi'h L "#stria has almost do#bledinternet penetration than omania and Serbia5 "t the same time there is also lo?erbroadband access line penetration ?ith less differences bet?een SEE co#ntries, ?hich canpresent possible obstacle in advanced #se of different t4pes of di'ital content5

Fig$re : Fi ed +road+and and internet penetration

0

0,10,2

0,30,4

0,50,6

0,7

0,8

Percentage of individuals withInternet access at home

Broadband acces linespenetration rate (%)

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

BulgariaRomania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

&road T?o factors determine the #se of broadband internet L H#alit4 and price5

The H#alit4 of the broadband !nternet in most of the co#ntries in SEE (namel4 "#stria,&#l'aria, omania and Slovenia) is 'enerall4 hi'h ran=in' bet?een > th place (&#l'aria) and 18



Fig$re ; Relati'e price !'al$e" . and <$ality 0o# ,road+and &nternet !data so$rcehttp ==---/netinde /com"

Austria, 2, 6

Bulgaria, 41, 4

Greece, 19, 54

Hungary, 30, 44

Romania, 37, 5

Serbia, 44, 40

Slovenia, 26, 12

6

<6

@6

6 89 96

Worldwide broadband value rank (1 the best; 56 the worst)

W o r l d w i d e b r o a d b a n d q u a l i t y r a n

k ( 1 t h e

b e s t ; 6 4 t h e w

o r s t )

high 8uality 0 lo7 realtive price high 8uality 0h igh relative price

lo7 8uality 0 lo7 relative price lo7 8uality 0 high relative price

Mobile penetration on the other hand is m#ch more eH#all4 distrib#ted amon' SEE co#ntriesand is relativel4 hi'h L almost eH#al to E$ avera'e penetration5 Similar to fi;ed lines, mobilebroadband penetration is m#ch lo?er (e;cept for the "#stria, ?here fi;ed and mobilebroadband penetration is similar), b#t differences amon' SEE co#ntries are m#ch lar'erhavin' "#stria as the most advanced co#ntr4 almost 86 times hi'her penetration than



Fig$re ; Mo+ile penetration

00,20,40,60,8

11,21,41,6

Mobile take-up - Penetration(active SIM cards per capita)

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

BulgariaRomania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

Fig$re .> Mo+ile +road+and penetration

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

Mobile broadband take-up- % of population

accessing the Internetthrough a mobile phone

via UMTS (3G)

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

There is a stron' correlation bet?een development of net?or= infrastr#ct#re and the 'ro?thof local content5 Web based econom4 reH#ires variet4 of available content5 Traditionalinternet content that presented static information has been #sed in the first phase of



pros#mer (prod#cer-cons#mer) behavio#r has chan'ed traditional ?a4s of cons#mption andprovision of traditional content that has to'ether ?ith emer'ence of a#dio-vis#al ("3)content led to establishment of some of the lar'est social net?or=s ever based on #ser'enerated content5 Mobile electronic comm#nication technolo'ies have enabled ne?patterns of connectin' to the di'ital environments that f#rther opened #p the capabilit4 andopport#nities for ne? innovative b#siness models for provisionin' and cons#mption of

mobile content applications5 Semantic technolo'ies have enabled ?a4s of 'atherin',mana'in', #nderstandin' and anal4sin' di'ital content properties on one hand and patternsof its #se based on h#man behavio#r, interaction, interests, habits and comm#nicationpatterns5 This all to'ether enabled creation of ne? innovative di'ital services and prod#ctsthat sp#rred f#rther development of di'ital econom45

With recent trend in movin' from traditional te;t oriented ?eb to a#dio-vis#al ("3)

environments accessed over the mobile platforms and devices, ?ith f#t#re addition ofsensors net?or=s (!nternet of thin's), internet brin's abo#t #nprecedented platform for #seand re#se of the di'ital content never before available to avera'e individ#al5 Contentremains the f#el for f#rther development, so several initiatives has been started in order to#nderstand its ne? stat#s and impact5 e? meas#res have to be developed in order to#nderstand the vol#me and the scope of created di'ital content, ?hich is obvio#sl4 notstrai'htfor?ard5 %ocal content have 'ot prominent role in f#rther development of internet sospecial attention has been p#t its advances5 The term Ylocal contentZ is not #niH#el4 defined,so $ ESCO #nderstandin' has been ta=en into acco#nt: %ocal content is an e;pression andcomm#nication of a comm#nit4Is locall4 'enerated, o?ned and adapted =no?led'e ande;perience that is relevant to the comm#nit4Is sit#ation5 OEC+ report F8G has attempted tomeas#re local content in this conte;t and proposed t?o t4pes of meas#rement: meas#res oflocal content b4 econom4 ('eo'raphicall4 bo#nd space) that tries to meas#re local content inlocal economies and meas#res of local content b4 lan'#a'e (c#lt#rall4 bo#nd space) thattries to meas#re local content from local lan'#a'e vie?point5

The4 proposed the follo?in' meas#res b4 econom4:• #mber of Yco#ntr4 code top-level domainsZ per 1666 residents per econom4,



OEC+ report eval#ated onl4 some of the meas#res #sin' available data and tools (e5'5.oo'le search, Wi=ipedia statistics, etc5), b#t clearl4 not all the data is available and inaddition specific indicators onl4 indirectl4 present the ri'ht pict#re for the p#rpose ofcomparison bet?een different res#lts5 "ct#al val#es for meas#res in the report have beeneval#ated into classes for easier comparison (each meas#re have its o?n scale)5

Fig$re .. sho?s all the meas#res andFig$re .0 sho?s recreation of meas#re of ccT%+ domains incl#din' Slovenia, Montene'roand Serbia5

Fig$re .. )ocal content +y economy

Local content - diskrete classes

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

9

Number of “country codetop-level domains” per 1000

residents per economy

Number of Facebooksubscribers per 1000


Number of onlinenewspapers per 1 mill ionresidents per economy

Number of streaming onlineradio stations per 1 million


Number of Flickr photosgeotagged per 1000

residents per economy.

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

*i'#re 11 sho?s that SEE re'ion co#ntries on avera'e score similar to E$ avera'e, besidesn#m5 of online ne?spapers ?here all the co#ntries score H#ite hi'h ?hich leads to relativel4hi'her score of the SEE avera'e5 Obvio#sl4, ?e need to be caref#l ?ith interpretation ofspecific meas#re, since, for e;ample, hi'h score in ccT%+ domains tends to be hi'her forsmall co#ntries than for the lar'e ones5 "s an e;ample, ?e can see this ?ith specific t4pes of

eLservices (e5'5 E-ba4, "ma on, etc5) that present #niH#e service in the specific lan'#a'e, are#sed re'ardless of the act#al n#mber of #sers5 So ?ith additional n#mber of #ser, additionalservice is not needed5 !t co#ld be re'arded that in each ccT%+ domain there co#ld be a fi;edco#nt of ?eb sites that is not related to the n#mber of #sers (e5'5 specific set of e-services,for#ms etc5) and variable co#nt of ?eb sites that depends on #ser co#nt (e5'5 personal ?eb



Fig$re .0 )ocal content +y economy 8 recreated

Local content

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

Number of “country code top-level domains” per 1000 residents per economy

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

This ma4 be the reason for relativel4 hi'h score of Slovenia and Montene'ro on n#mber of?eb sites in domain as sho?n on *i'#re 95 "lso this fi'#re sho?s that interpretation of theval#es in these cases is not strai'htfor?ard ?hen it comes to re'ional vie?5

!ndicators based on lan'#a'es have not been reported5 *or most of them, .oo'le has been

proposed as a tool for eval#ation, b#t since recalc#lation ?as not possible ?e cannot sho?the res#lts, still, this meas#res can be a base for f#rther ?or=5 #m5 of Wi=ipedia articleshave been recalc#lated and per lan'#a'e res#lts are sho?n inFig$re .2 (n#mber for the "#stria has been recalc#lated from all n#mber of .ermanlan'#a'e articles based on n#mber of inhabitants)5

Fig$re .2 Wi5ipedia articles per lang$age

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania



SEE lan'#a'e base scores m#ch bello? E$ avera'e and not even one co#ntr4 scorin' aboveE$ avera'e5 evertheless, data sho?s that re'ion is not completel4 o#t of the trend andposses critical mass of local content5 This is even clearer if ?e control the val#es per capita,?hich is sho?n inFig$re .4 , ?here ?e can see that local SEE content vol#me on Wi=ipedia approaches E$avera'e5

Fig$re .4 Wi5ipedia articles per lang$age=.M inha+itants

0

10000

2000030000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Num. of Wikipedia articles per language/1M inhabitants

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

RomaniaSerbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

"nother t4pe of di'ital content that is also vital for s#ccessf#l f#t#re development of di'italsociet4 and th#s ?ithin foc#s of di'ital content E$ polic4 is traditional Yanalo'Z contentcreated b4 Y'overnment relatedZ instit#tions F15 G that can be p#t on-line providin' it isdi'itised5 +ifferent t4pes of content are relevant, b#t polic4 and activities at the E$ level hasfoc#sed on scientific, c#lt#ral, ed#cational and p#blic sector information content (incl#din''eo'raphical information)5 The main initiative has been development of di'ital repositoriesand the main E#ropeana di'ital librar4 for E$5 E#ropeana presents the central point for

distrib#ted a''re'ation of different di'ital content from different so#rces in order toestablish the central access point to E#ropean c#lt#ral content5

The ?ealth of the traditional content has been reco'nised both in p#blic and private spaces5+i'itisation proBects have been emer'in' at national and E$ level in order to p#t traditional



Fig$re .3 Share o# E$ropeana content !n$m+er o# digital o+*ects" +y co$ntry

Europeana content by country (%)

00,005

0,010,015

0,020,025

0,030,035

0,04

A u s t r i a

H u n g a r y

S l o v e n

i a

G r e e

c e

B u l g a r i a

R o m a

n i a S e

r b i a

M o n t e n

e g r o

E U 2 7

a v g

S E E a

v g

Europeana content by country [%]

SEE re'ion has been la''in' behind the E$ avera'e efforts to connect to the E#ropeana5Slovenia and .reece have been the most active ?ith the lar'est content vol#me activel4participatin' in the E#ropeana efforts, b#t Boint SEE share of <,68J is far from 1AJ of *ranceor .erman4 alone5 ecalc#latin' these shares per capita in *i'#re 1@ sho?s similar pict#re,besides Slovenia, ?hich almost do#bles the E$ avera'e share5Fig$re .9 Share o# E$ropeana content +y co$ntry per .M inha+itants

Europeana content by country (%)/1M inhabitants

0

0,001

0,002

0,003

0,004

0,0050,006

A u s t r i a

H u n g a r y

S l o v e

n i a

G r e e

c e

B u l g a r i a

R o m a

n i a S e

r b i a

M o n t e n

e g r o

E U 2 7

a v g

S E E a

v g

Europeana content by country [%]

Since di'itised obBects t4picall4 represent important national herita'e obBects (?hich is ?h4the4 ?ere selected for di'itisation) lac= of this content does not favo#rabl4 impact



?here onl4 co#ple of co#ntries have been able to establish sol#tions5 SEE co#ntries havebeen incl#ded in all cases, ?hich 'ives them relevant advanta'e in contin#in' efforts in thisarea5 On the other hand, other SEE co#ntries have not made pro'ress in this area at all ?hichp#ts them at the end of E$ efforts in this area5

#blic sector information presents lar'e amo#nt of information that can be p#t on-line and

#sed for development of different sorts of ?eb applications th#s presentin' =e4 driver forinnovation in di'ital ecos4stem5 E$ has set the polic4 in this area ?ith #blic Sector!nformation directive ( S!) that initiall4 aimed at p#ttin' this information to'ether and haveit available to the p#blic5 With advances of the internet and ?eb based econom4, st#dieshave sho?n that this information has 'reat potential for the societ4 (economic and societal)if information can be re#sed for non-commercial and commercial p#rposes5 C#rrent polic4and proposed revision of the directive has embraced the possibilit4 for mar'inal cost

b#siness model in order to enable ?ide re-#se, proposed open data polic4 for enablin'access to ra? data in machine readable form for re-#se and e;tended the scope of theinvolved instit#tions to libraries, m#se#ms and archives5 ecent st#d4 on the val#e ofE#ropean S! mar=et reports that E$ S! direct #se re-#se #nder open and mar'inal costre'ime ?o#ld be of the order of >6 billion E$ ann#all4, ?hile incl#din' indirect activities,this ?o#ld be of the order of 866 billion ann#all4 F9G5 !n addition sector level policies s#ch asopen access to D+ res#lts co#ld res#lt in rec#rrin' 'ains of aro#nd E$ @ billion per 4ear5St#d4 on mobile mar=et F@G has sho?n that the val#e of S! mar=et for mobile applicationsfor e;ample is estimated to be cca <9 billion $S+ in 86195 St#d4 F@G has sho?n the co#ntr4share in apps mar=et based on developerIs co#ntr4 of ori'in5 *rom E$ co#ntries, lar'estshare ?as fo#nd for $/ 1<J and .erman4 7J5 *rom SEE co#ntries onl4 "#stria has beenreported to have 8J of the share of mobile apps, other co#ntries ?ere not reported ?ithin1J listin', so do not have or have m#ch lo?er share of the mar=et5 o other data is availableto meas#re the differences bet?een co#ntries, so no other concl#sion can be made at thispoint on SEE stat#s5

S Wrelativel4 'ood mobile penetration lo? mobile broadband penetration



With the onl4 e;ception of "#stria relevantl4e;pensive broadband !nternet access in allthe SEE co#ntries5%o? a?areness and #se of Cs from citi ensa?a4 from #rban centres+ela4s in the development of broadband

infrastr#ct#res

The proper e;ploitation of the potential of+i'ital Content can provide a comparativeadvanta'e for the SEE re'ion re'ardin'e;cellence d#e to the rich historical presenceand the economic and social partic#larities

of the re'ion5

Ki'h b#rden of b#rea#crac4 in SEE co#ntries.overnment re'#lations and b#rea#crac4are not ]modernI and do not facilitatedevelopments in the di'ital area5 Morespecificall4, re'#lations re'ardin' ! ,content and #ser privac4 and cons#min' donot reflect the demands of the societ45

O Tbetter inte'ration of SEE efforts indi'itisation sharin' best practices in tac=lin'financial, technolo'4, or'anisational and

process iss#es

stopped di'itisation efforts beca#se of thec#rrent financial crisis

open #p innovation opport#nities ?ithimplementation of open data re-#se model

missin' participation in mobile contenteconom4, beca#se of lo? mobile broadbandpenetration

!ncrease of demand for !CT applications and



F8G Chris, &r#e''e, Mas#rin' +i'ital %ocal Content, OEC+ +i'ital Econom4 apers n#m5 1 ,8611F1G +i'ital "'enda for E#rope Scorecard, 8618, E#ropean CommissionF<G elationships bet?een local content, internet development and access prices, ! TS, 8618F>G Second pro'ress report on the di'itisation and online accessibilit4 of c#lt#ral material and

on di'ital preservation in the E#ropean $nion, E#ropean Commission, 8616F9G E3!EW O* ECE T ST$+!ES O S! E-$SE " + E%"TE+ M" /ET+E3E%O ME TS, .raham 3ic=er4, !nformation Economics, aris, 8611F@G ricin' Of #blic Sector !nformation St#d4 - "pps mar=et snapshot (+), *inal eport, Marcde 3ries et all5, October 8611, E#ropean Commission

6$estion to e perts

15 !s basic broadband infrastr#ct#re important for local research innovation in di'italcontentN Can ?e establish ?ell-f#nctionin' and ?orld e;cellent research ?itho#tbasic telecomm#nication infrastr#ct#re5

85 !s local content availabilit4 important for f#rther development of research(technolo'ies, concepts, theories) in area of di'ital contentN

<5 !s local content availabilit4 important for f#rther development of innovations

(technolo'ical, process, prod#ct, b#siness models) in area of di'ital contentN>5 Ko? ?o#ld ?ell-f#nctionin' models of open data open access chan'e the ans?ers

to 8 previo#s H#estionsN95 +oes di'itised content brin' added val#e to di'ital econom4 or it ?ill mostl4 present

cost for di'itisation and preservationN

@5 +o mobile ecos4stems present the opport#nit4 for re'ionN



3.2 #esearch

E$ D+ polic4 has reco'nised the importance of D+ activities in !CT for economic andsocial development5 SEE co#ntries have in 'eneral ver4 different research environments andcapacities5 .eneral vie? on !CT sector D+ capacit4 is sho?n in Fig$re .1 (E$ OST"T)5&#l'aria and omania have the hi'hest rate of !CT D+ e;pendit#re ?ithin total D+, b#t

ver4 lo? level of total e;pendit#res in D+ as sho?n inFig$re .: , ?hich 'ives ver4 lo? overall e;pendit#re in D+ in !CT sector per capita as sho?nin Fig$re .; 5 *or comparison, the hi'hest val#e of !CT e;pendit#re per capita has +enmar= L176,81 E$ 5

Fig$re .1 R?D e pendit$res !,ERD" in &CT sector

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

R&D expenditure (BERD) of businesses in ICT sector as %of total R&D expenditure (2007)

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

European Union - 27 countries

SEE

Fig$re .: Total R?D e pendit$re

500

600

700

800900

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria



Fig$re .; R?D e pendit$res !,ERD" in &CT sector= per capita

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) in ICT sector (2007)per capita

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

SerbiaMontenegro

European Union - 27 countries

SEE

!n 'eneral, e;pendit#re on !CT D+ in b#siness in SEE is the lo?est in E$5 Similar sit#ation issho?n ?ith 'overnment e;pendit#res on !CT (.&"O +) ?here besides "#stria that spendsper capita more than t?ice as E$8A avera'e, onl4 Slovenia catches the E$8A avera'e, b#t isstill far from %#;embo#r' (>@, 7 mio E$ ) or S?eden (>9,1> mio E$ )5

Fig$re 0> 7o'ernment e pendit$re in &CT

ICT GBAORD estimates (mio EUR)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Austria

Bulgaria

GreeceHungary

Romania

Slovenia

EU27 avgSEE avg



Fig$re 0. 7o'ernment e pendit$re in &CT=per capita

ICT GBAORD estimates (mio EUR)/1M inhabitants

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

AustriaBulgaria

GreeceHungaryRomaniaSloveniaEU27 avgSEE avg

Another 'ie- on the R?D capacity is sho-n +y statistics o# participation in E( R?Dprogramme FP1 &CT @0 /

*i'#re 88 sho?s participation in di'ital content related themes ?here SEE on avera'e ism#ch lo?er than E$8A avera'e5 evertheless, some co#ntries rate ver4 hi'h in specific fieldss#ch as .reece in et?or=ed media, "#stria and .reece in !nformation mana'ement, "#striain !CT for learnin' and .reece in +i'ital libraries5 elative s#ccess per capita is sho?n in*i'#re 8< ?here in addition to "#stria and .reece also Slovenia scores better than E$8Aavera'e in %an'#a'e technolo'ies, !nformation mana'ement and !CT for learnin'5 This sho?sthat re'ion as a ?hole has !CT D+ capacit4 and e;cellence in di'ital content area comparin'to E$ avera'e, ?hich co#ld be f#rther developed and enhanced5

Fig$re 00 Participation in FP1 digital content related &CT pro*ectsNum. of partners in FP7 (2011) - Digital content

90100

Austria



Fig$re 02 Participation in FP1 digital content related &CT pro*ects=per capita

Num. of partners/1M inhabitants in FP7 (2011) - Digital content

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

04 Netw orkedMedia

11 LanguageTechnologies

12 IntelligentInformation

Management

20 ICT forLearning

21 DigitalLibraries

ALL Digitalcontentthemes

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

GreeceBulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

Fig$re 04 Relati'e s$ccess o# participation in digital content

Num. of partners in FP7 (2011) - Digital content [%]

0,00%10,00%20,00%30,00%40,00%50,00%

A u s t r i a

H u n g a r y

S l o v e

n i a

G r e e

c e

B u l g a r i a

R o m a

n i a S e

r b i a

M o n t e n

e g r o

E U 2 7

a v g

S E E a

v g

Num. of partners in Digital content themes/All FP7 themes

*i'#re 8> sho?s that +i'ital content theme is on avera'e more important for SEE than for



pro'rammes to !CT needs

Trained h#man reso#rces, hi'h H#alit4scientific potential

Ki'h !CT D+ e;pendit#res in &#l'aria and

omaniaO Tenhance research potential b4 m#t#alcooperation of SEE co#ntries in E$pro'rammes on topics that sho? 'ood D+participation

lo?erin' capacit4 of participation in E$pro'rammes beca#se of the c#rrenteconomic crises

start re'ional s#pport action on themes that

sho? 'ood D+ participationE;ploitation of vario#s f#ndin' incentivesand tools at a national and E#ropean levelfor the creation of ne? !CT prod#cts andservices

Re#erences

F1G " Methodolo'4 for Estimatin' #blic !CT D+ E;pendit#res in the E$ E#ropeanCommission, 0#raB Stan^i=, ! TS, 0 C , 8618F8G * A !CT participation statisticsF<G E#rostat statistics

6$estions to e perts

15 !s di'ital content relevant for the research activities e;ec#ted in the re'ionN



3.3 $nno!ation

!nnovation $nion Scorecard 8611 rates Slovenia and "#stria as !nnovation follo?ers, K#n'ar4and .reece as Moderate innovators and omania and &#l'aria as Modest !nnovators5 Theratin' reflects 'eneral p#rpose indicators that meas#re co#ntriesI overall innovationperformance re'ardless of the technolo'ical area5 !CT pla4s cr#cial role in toda4Is econom4

and presents the enablin' technolo'4 for f#rther innovation5

!CT sector is responsible for !CT technolo'ical innovation so it is important to #nderstandho? this sector is performin'5 We are interested in more narro? area of !CT sector, namel4part that is relevant to the di'ital content theme5 $nfort#natel4, ?e have not been able toidentif4 an4 comparable data at this level of 'ran#lation, so ?e can onl4 chec= ?hat isavailable to 'et the impression on innovation capabilities5 ecent report F8G sho?s that !CT

sector 3al#e "dded (3") in E$ amo#nted to >A6 billion E$ in 8667 ?here lar'est share of71,7J ?as represented b4 !CT services5 This in t#rn represented <,AJ of E$ .+ 5 O#t of @,1mio Bobs in the !CT sector in 8667, 9,1 mio ?as in !CT services (e;cl#din' telecom)5 Similardistrib#tion of 3" bet?een !CT man#fact#rin' and !CT services has been sho?n for SEEco#ntries, ?here onl4 &#l'aria and .reece had hi'her level of !CT services share comparin'to E$ avera'e5 SEE re'ion co#ntries are not ver4 !CT D+ intensive5 "part from "#stria thatrepresented <J of E$ &E + in 8667, all other co#ntries to'ether represented less than 6,AJof E$ &E +5 Same 'oes for D+ intensit4 (ration of &E + 3") ?here onl4 "#stria (A,>J) hadhi'her intensit4 than E$ avera'e (9,<J) in 8667 ?hile &#l'aria had one of the lo?est levels(6,>J)5 Comparin' E$ and $S", reports sho? that in the si e of !CT sector (3") in 8667 $S"has been aro#nd 88J lar'er then E$, mainl4 beca#se of the increase in Soft?are p#blishin'( "CE @1) and Comp#ter pro'rammin', cons#ltanc4 and related activities ( "CE @8) from866 5

&CT o'erall climate can +e indirectly seen #rom &CT e pendit$re in the co$ntries and regionsho-ed on Fig$re 03 and

*i'#re 8@5 SEE re'ion !CT e;pendit#res are lo?, belo? avera'e E$8A and m#ch belo? themost s#ccessf#l E$ co#ntries s#ch as $/ (<, J) and *inland (<,<J)5 Even ?orst res#lt ca be





Fig$re 01 SME participation in FP1 &CT digital content themes

Num. of SMEs in FP7 (2011) - Digital content

0

5

10

15

20

25

04 Netw orkedMedia

11 LanguageTechnologies

12 IntelligentInformation

Management

20 ICT forLearning

21 DigitalLibraries

ALL Digitalcontentthemes

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

BulgariaRomania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

es#lts sho? that the most important topics ?ith SME participation are et?or= media, and!nformation mana'ement, later scored on avera'e even better for SEE than E$8A5

Fig$re 0: Relati'e SME participation in digital content theme #or speci#ic co$ntry

Num. of SMEs in FP7 (2011) - Digital content [%]

0,00%5,00%

10,00%15,00%20,00%25,00%30,00%

A u s t r i a

H u n g a r y

S l o v e

n i a

G r e e

c e

B u l g a r i a

R o m a

n i a S e

r b i a

M o n t e n e

g r o

E U 2 7

a v g

S E E a

v g

Num. of SMEs in Digital content themes/All FP7 themes



Fig$re 0; Participation o# SMEs in FP1 &CT digital content themes per .M inha+itants/

Num. of SMEs/1M inhabitants in FP7 ICT - Digital content

0,0010,0020,00

30,0040,0050,0060,0070,00

A u s t r i a

H u n g a r y

S l o v e

n i a

G r e e

c e

B u l g a r i a

R o m a

n i a S e

r b i a

M o n t e n e

g r o

E U 2 7

a v g

S E E a

v g

ALL Digit al content themes ALL FP7 themes

!nnovation opport#nities in di'ital content are not limited to technolo'ical innovationhappenin' mostl4 in !CT sector, b#t rather to all other innovations that relate to process,or'anisation and b#siness models, ?hich are t4picall4 done o#tside !CT sector b4 #sers of !CT(e5'5 *aceboo=, T?iter, Ro#T#be, etc5)5 When it comes to individ#al #ser, ?e ac=no?led'ethe importance of area of $ser .enerated Content ?here E$ and SEE co#ntries in partic#larhave had different abilit4 to participate5 ot man4 H#antitative or H#alitative indicators have

been established to meas#re the e;tent of activities in this area, b#t some official indicatorsinFig$re 2> and Fig$re 2. can 'ive #s some insi'hts of the sit#ation and differences of involved co#ntries F1G5

Fig$re 2> Potential #or $ser generated content% DAE Scorecard

User Generated Content activities

0,6

0,7

0,8 Austria

Hungary

Slovenia



!ndicator ; o1 population uploa%ing sel10create% content to be share% and ; o1 population participating in social net7orks sho? someho? more directl4 that active participation in theinternet has not been ver4 lar'e in scope both in E$ and even smaller in SEE co#ntries5K#n'ar4 seem to be more s#ccessf#l, havin' scored above the E$ avera'e (to'ether ?ithSlovenia in J of #ploadin' content), b#t still, the overall score sho?s that capacit4 for activeparticipation in b#ildin' ?eb856 ecos4stems in SEE co#ntries is relativel4 lo?5 !nterestin'sit#ation is sho?ed ?ith respect to the ratio a'ainst internet #sers that sho?s that in 'eneral#sers in SEE are on avera'e more active than E$ avera'e5 This can be interpreted positivel4that internet #sers in SEE, relativel4 to E$ avera'e, en'a'e, have s=ills and ?ish to Boin theb#ildin' of participative ?eb and #ser 'enerated content services (K, S!), b#t also ne'ativel4that the ratio is dependent on overall ratio of internet #sers that in some co#ntries is smallconsistin' onl4 of s=illed and active pop#lation (e5'5 4o#n') ?hich is =no?n to #se moreadvanced internet services b#t different other se'ments s#ch as avera'e pop#lation, older

pop#lation, illiterate, etc5 do not #se internet at all (. ,&., O)5

Fig$re 2. Creators o# Wi5ipedia content

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Wikipedia Editors (5+) per million speakers

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

GreeceBulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

!n 'eneral, #pper fi'#res indirectl4 sho? the level of earl4 adoption of ne? and advancedservices of participative ?eb b4 pop#lation in some cases e;ists in specific SEE co#ntr4, b#t



the E$8A avera'e altho#'h some co#ntries s#ch as .reece and "#stria score ver4 hi'h andth#s sho? hi'her !CT innovation capacit45

*i'#re <8: #mber of participants in E$ innovation proBects

Num. of participants in Digital content theme

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450500

eContent eContentPlus(applications)

eTEN CIP ICTPSP

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

Fig$re 22 B$m+er o# participants in E( inno'ation pro*ects

Num. of participants/1M inhabitants in Digitalcontent theme

30

40

50

60

70

80

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania



s#ccess5 &#t the need for local and re'ional s#pportive environment is still present andsho#ld not be #nderestimated d#e, mainl4, to t?o factors: local sta=eholdersI and p#blictr#st, confidence and involvement and local prod#ct and service developersI opport#nitiesfor innovation and e;cellence, ?hich ?o#ld lead to local economic prosperit4 ?ith ne? Bobs,s#stainable development and increased 'lobal reco'nition5

S W.ood scientific cooperation co-p#blications?hich enables =no?led'e transfer andsharin'

SEE co#ntries present mostl4 follo?ers partof innovation lifec4cle

&#l'aria and .reece have hi'her level of !CTservices share comparin' to E$ avera'e

lo? !CT e;pendit#re that present lo? optionfor econom4 of scale in adoption of !CT

better than avera'e E$8Aparticipation of

internet #sers in WE&86 activities

%o?er scope of active participation of

pop#lation in WE&86 activitiesSME participation in et?or= media, and!nformation mana'ement, scored on avera'eeven better for SEE than E$8A

lo? level of overall SME participation in * A!CTactivities comparin' to avera'e E$8A%o? p#blic D+ e;pendit#re%o? b#siness D+ e;pendit#re

relative 'ood participation of internet #sersin b#ildin' participative ?eb of SEE relativeto E$ avera'e

lo? level of earl4 adoption capacit4 forparticipative ?eb services amon' 'eneralpop#lation

.ood SME participation in * A !CT D+activities in the topic of et?or= media, and!nformation mana'ement

lo? level of participation in E$ innovations#pport pro'rammes, e;cept for .reece and"#stria

+i'ital content as a so#rce of reven#e forsta=eholders ?ho can create innovativeprod#cts, services and applications involvin'their di'ital content (main sectors that canbenefit: ed#cation, life lon' learnin' services,visitor and to#rist services, e-'overnment



participation in E$ innovation meas#res international competition, hi'h level of=no?led'e in combination ?ith lo? labo#rcosts of other co#ntries

Well- f#nctionin' models of Open data andaccess can lift barriers active at presentMobile ecos4stems can 'enerateopport#nities for ne? Bobs and reven#es

Re#erences

F1G +i'ital a'enda scoreboard 8618, E#ropean CommissionF8G redict 8618 report - "n anal4sis of !CT D+ L E$ and be4ond, Stan^i= and+esr#elle, ! TS, 8618

F<G E#rostat statistics, 8618F>G eContent participation statisticsF9G eContent l#s participation statisticsF@G eTE participation statisticsFAG C! !CT S participation statistics

6$estion to e perts

15 !s the theme relevant for the innovation activities e;ec#ted in the re'ion in the f#t#reN

85 "re specified topic relevant for the theme and re'ion innovation activities in the f#t#reN

<5 What are maBor re'ional 'lobal trends in !CT innovation that most infl#ence the re'ionN

>5 "re sho?n trends for innovation in SEE correctN

95 What is the role of !CT polic4 in !CT innovation areaN



3.4 %se and s&ills

!n case of di'ital content, #se cannot be eval#ated separatel4 from other phases of lifec4cle,since it presents one of the most important factor for anal4sin' and ass#rin' H#ic= #pta=e of!CT innovation5 $se patterns are ver4 closel4 related to overall frame?or= conditions inspecific area s#ch as 'eneral technolo'ical and innovation c#lt#re, access to electronicinfrastr#ct#re, proper s=ill level, 'eneral economic and social environment, etc5

This is partic#larl4 important in the di'ital content econom4 ?here 'amin', mobile contentand re-#se of S! content 'et mainstream both in research and #se and so ?ill becomecr#cial for the overall economic and di'ital mar=et developments5 %ac= of development s=illscan mean that co#ntries ?ill not be able to participate in this area an4more and th#s notbeen able to 'ain the benefits of the ne;t ?ave of internet evol#tion5 +i'ital divide can in this

?a4 also become relevant in overall innovation c4cle and not onl4 ?ith respect to specificsocial #ser se'ments

Fig$re 24 Types o# internet $sage

Internet usage type

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

% ofpopulationlooking forinformation

about goodsand services

online

% ofpopulationreading /

dow nloadingonline

news papers / new s

magazines

% ofpopulationplaying or

dow nloadinggames,

images, filmsor music

% ofpopulation

using onlinebanking

% ofpopulation

seeking onlineinformation

about health

% ofpopulation

looking onlinefor a job or

sending a jobapplication

% ofpopulationdoing an

online course(in any

subject)

% ofpopulation

looking onlinefor information

abouteducation,training or

course offers

% ofpopulationorderinggoods orservices

online, fromsellers f rom

other EUcountries

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

This sit#ation can also be observed o *i'#re <> ?here it can be seen that level of pop#lationen'a'ed in more advanced activities is 'ettin' lo?er to?ard more advanced activities5



Fig$re 23 Share o# Face+oo5 $sers

Facebook users

0

510

1520

2530

35

4045

50

Share of population using Facebook (%)

Austria

Hungary

Slovenia

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Serbia

Montenegro

EU27 avg

SEE avg

!t can also be observed that besides online ban=in', 'amin' and 'eneral 'oods and servicessearchin', SEE re'ion in 'eneral does not rate behind the E$ avera'e level of internet #se5

S Wavera'e #se is comparable to E$8A e-learnin', e-commerce and e-ban=in' are

not #sed at the hi'h ratein 'eneral #sa'e level can present the properlevel of demand for ne? innovative services

%o? contrib#tion of !CT in the ever4da4 lifeof citi ens

Cop4ri'ht clearance iss#es and o?nership ofcontent and di'ital content are still iss#esthat need drastic improvement

O Trisin' #sa'e rate for more advanced servicesco#ld have positive impact for local econom4

not catchin' #p in #se of more advancedservices can ca#se s=ill 'aps that ?o#ld







activities in di'ital content themes altho#'h relative importance of these themes from * Aparticipation in SEE rates above the E$ avera'e5

C#rrent b#siness trends sho? that in addition to technolo'ical innovations, non-technolo'ical pla4 even more important role in di'ital content ecos4stem5 ot m#ch data isavailable for this area from the point of vie? of b#siness performance, so 'eneral !CT datacan be #sed to see the c#rrent stat#s5 !CT e;pendit#re on avera'e in SEE is m#ch lo?er thanE$ avera'e, ?hich sho?s the lac= of potential for di'ital econom45 SME participation in * Aand C! can be #sed to see the potential for technolo'ical innovation comin' from researchres#lts and these res#lts sho? that "#stria, .reece and &#l'aria rate considerabl4 hi'herfrom E$ avera'e5 Overall participation of SMEs in di'ital content themes relative to allparticipation in all * A sho?s that di'ital content is rated hi'her than E$ avera'e, ?hichmeans that the SEE sho?s relative need and capabilit4 for activities in this area5 This is

someho? confirmed ?ith participation in innovation proBects (eContent, eTE , C! !CT S )that rates SEE not so far from E$ avera'e, b#t application statistics in eContent l#s sho?sabove avera'e interest in this area5

With a massive shift to?ards smart and mobile devices on one hand and the !nternet andclo#d comp#tin' on the other, ne? opport#nities for mar=et developments appear b4 theda45 Toda4 an4one can be a part of a thematic net?or= and be both a content provider and a

content #ser at the same time5 !t is apparent that main mar=et trends shift to?ards smartmobile devices and applications beca#se the4 tar'et ever4one rather than a limited 'ro#p ofe;perts5 Clo#d comp#tin' 'ains moment#m as more and more b#sinesses and individ#alsrel4 on speciali ed providers for transparent di'ital services5 Web applications and mainl4 inthe form of mash-#ps that incl#de f#nctionalities provided b4 speciali ed third-part4providers have s#ccessf#ll4 been introd#ced over the past decade and ?ill most probabl4contin#e to appear in innovative forms5 Social media inte'ration has also become almost

#niversal in ?eb sites ?ith hi'h traffic5 Cro?dso#rcin' applications have s#ccessf#ll4introd#ced the notion of ma=in' ever4one a so#rce of di'ital content b#t still lac= thee;pected diff#sion and vol#me5 !n addition, 'amin' technolo'ies provide si'nificante;pertise to the ed#cational comm#nit4 and are able to provide e;tremel4 appealin' ideas



• +i'ital libraries and archives• M#ltilin'#alism, lan'#a'e and speech technolo'ies and translation s4stems• Technolo'4-enhanced learnin'• !CT for people ?ith disabilities

+i'ital content transforms the societ4, b#t indicators of #se and participation sho? that E$has not embraced these opport#nities to the lar'est e;tent5 SEE re'ion co#ntries rate in allmaBor indicators of #se (?ith e;ception of readin' on-line ne?spapers), participation andaccessibilit4 belo? E$ avera'e, ?hich sho?s that there is m#ch potential for f#rtherdevelopment5 $nfort#natel4, financial crisis and lac= of so#rces for financin' research,innovation and access capabilities in !CT in 'eneral reH#ire special attention in creatin'virt#o#s c4cle of provision and demand that co#ld provide the capabilit4 for 'ro?th anddevelopment5

SEE re'ion in 'eneral scores lo?er in than avera'e E$8A in almost all indicators meas#rin'?hole innovation lifec4cle5 evertheless, specific co#ntries rate m#ch better then avera'eE$8A in specific indicators, ?hich 'ives the opport#nit4 for Boint development5 %ocal contentand lar'er inte'ration ?ithin the SEE re'ion can have the potential needed for action, b#tpolic4 needs to embrace the di'ital content as a priorit4 theme and act accordin'l45 Specialfoc#s co#ld be p#t on better inte'ration and cooperation at the re'ional (b#t also E$) level in

order to levera'e the relative capacities and capabilities of specific co#ntries and facilitate=no?led'e sharin' and m#t#al cooperation in this field5



4.1 S'(T table

Colo#r le'end: content infrastr#ct#re, research , innovation , #se and s=ills

S W

(elativel4 'ood mobile penetration5 %o? mobile broadband penetration5

Solid level of local content prod#ction and availabilit45 %o? level of di'itisation activities and inte'ration of local content intoE#ropeana5

ositive cases and e;periences in tac=lin' the barriers of orphan o#t-of-print ?or=s and p#blic domain ?or=s that co#ld be #sed as best practicesfor other co#ntries5

%o? intensit4 of mobile apps development5

%o? intensit4 on open data re-#se of S!5

(elative research e;cellence in di'ital content themes and specific topics5 %o? level of (D+ !CT s#pport both from b#siness and 'overnment5

Ki'h relative importance of di'ital content theme relative to all * A !CTthemes5

%ac= of technolo'ical innovation capacit4 beca#se of lo? level of !CT (D+fo#ndin'5

.ood scientific cooperation co-p#blications, ?hich enables =no?led'etransfer and sharin'5

SEE co#ntries present mostl4 follo?ers part of innovation lifec4cle5

%o? !CT e;pendit#re that present lo? option for econom4 of scale inadoption of !CT5

&etter than avera'e E$8Aparticipation of internet #sers in WE&86activities5

%o?er scope of active participation of pop#lation in WE&86 activities5



(elative 'ood participation of internet #sers in b#ildin' participative ?ebof SEE relative to E$ avera'e

%o? level of earl4 adoption capacit4 for participative ?eb services amon''eneral pop#lation5

.ood SME participation in * A !CT (D+ activities in the topic of )et?or=media, and !nformation mana'ement5

%o? level of participation in E$ innovation s#pport pro'rammes, e;ceptfor .reece and "#stria5

lo? level of overall SME participation in * A !CT "ctivities comparin' toavera'e E$8A5

%o? p#blic (D+ e;pendit#re5

%o? b#siness (D+ e;pendit#re5

"vera'e #se is comparable to E$8A5 E-learnin', e-commerce and e-ban=in' are not #sed at the hi'h rate5

!n 'eneral #sa'e level can present the proper level of demand for ne?innovative services5

O T

&etter inte'ration of SEE efforts in di'itisation sharin' best practices intac=lin' financial, technolo'4, or'anisational and process iss#es5

Stopped di'itisation efforts beca#se of the c#rrent financial crisis5

Open #p innovation opport#nities ?ith implementation of open data re-#se model5

Missin' participation in mobile content econom4, beca#se of lo? mobilebroadband penetration5

Constant research and development e;pendit#re as a percenta'e of .+5 Still relativel4 lo? research and development e;pendit#re as a percenta'eof .+ 5

Enhance research potential b4 m#t#al cooperation of SEE co#ntries in E$pro'rammes on topics that sho? 'ood (D+ participation5

%o?erin' capacit4 of participation in E$ pro'rammes beca#se of thec#rrent economic crises5



ositive .+ 'ro?th forecast in SEE economies5 $nderdeveloped cop4ri'ht le'islation that is not harmoni ed ?ith the ne?realities in the di'ital content technolo'ies co#ld become a barrier todi'itali ation of content and its 5

Start re'ional s#pport action on themes that sho? 'ood (D+participation5

Opport#nities for follo?-#p innovation comin' from participatin' SMEs in

* A !CT proBects5

Chan'es in E$ s#pport pro'rammes for 861<-8686 can threaten the

relative s#ccessf#l participation of "#stria and .reece in innovationactivities, inhibitin' SEE re'ion innovation activities5

&etter SEE cooperation and inte'ration in innovation activities ?o#ld helpadvance the participation in E$ innovation meas#res5

(isin' #sa'e rate for more advanced services co#ld have positive impactfor local econom4 and societ45

)ot catchin' #p in #se of more advanced services can ca#se s=ill 'aps that?o#ld prevent to follo? the advances in f#t#re internet evol#tion5

!ncreasin' percenta'e of pop#lation doin' an online co#rse5 "'ein' pop#lation not bein' able to tac=le ?ith the contemporar4technolo'4 and #sa'e5

!ncreasin' percenta'e of individ#als ?ith a specialised internet andcomp#ter =no?led'e and s=ills5

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