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Digestive System. Honors Biology. Digestive Processes. Digestive Organs. Mesentary. Peritonitis. Cadaver Midsaggital Section of Oral Structures. Oral Anatomy Anterior View. Tongue Anatomy. Taste Bud Anatomy. Salivary Glands. Cadaver ___ Gland. Tooth Anatomy. Tooth Eruption. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Digestive SystemHonors Biology
Alimentary CanalOne-way digestive tract through the body
Lumen of digestive tract
is externalenvironment
1-way flow ishighly effi cient
Body
Alimentarycanal
Digestive Processes
Digestive Organs
Mesentary
Peritonitis
Cadaver Midsaggital Section of Oral Structures
Oral Anatomy Anterior View
Tongue Anatomy
Taste Bud Anatomy
Salivary Glands
Cadaver ___ Gland
Tooth Anatomy
Tooth Eruption
Impacted Molar
Gingiva
Endoscope
G.E.R.D. (GastroEsophageal Reflux
Disease)
Gastritis due to Helicobacter Pylori
Gastric Carcinoma
Proctologist
Testing for Occult Blood
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy Administration
Tapeworms
Ulcerative Colitis (Sigmoid Colon & Rectum)
Anal Hemorrhoids (Piles) Caused by Inflammation of
the Superior & Inferior Hemorrhoid Veins
Scope Comparison
Barium Enema
Colostomy& Stoma
Colostomy Bag
Peristalsis
Food is moved through the alimentary canal two ways
Segmentation
27 Year Old Male
81 Year Old Male
Gastric Anatomy
Gastric Cells
4 layers
Gall Bladder & Pancreas Empty Contents into
Duodenum
Liver & Pancreas Secretions
Liver FXN’s• Synthesizes bile (bile salts,
biliruben, & cholesterol)
• Stores glucose as glycogen
• Stores fat soluble vitamins ADEK
Gall BladderFXN• Stores bile
Pathophysiology• Gall stones – too much cholesterol or too few
bile salts resulting in cholesterol crystal accumulation
• Obstructional jaundice – bile duct becomes obstructed & bilirubin increases in blood
Gallstones
Bile Salt
PancreasFXN• Secretes basic pancreatic juice (pH 7.5-8.0)
Pancreatic Juice (p.j.)• Bicarbonate rich p.j. neutralizes HCl in the duodenum
(Stimulated by secretin when HCl enters the duodenum)
Note• Enzymes released in inactive form so they don’t digest
the pancreas
Accessory Organ Ducts & Sphincter
Water & minerals• No need f or digestion• Water absorbed by osmosis
8.5 liters/ day• Minerals absorbed by
– Active transport– Facilitated diff usion
Water & Mineral Digestion
Absorption of…Vitamins – • A,D,E,K fat soluble (diffuse into blood)• B & C water soluble (diffuse into blood)
• Electrolytes (Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-)
• Calcium – PTH increases ionic calcium & vitamin D aids in absorption
Lipid Emulsification
Carbohydrate Digestion
Na/K Symport
Protein Digestion
Small Intestine
Large Intestine with Mesentery
Cecum
Feces may indicate health issues• Motility / timing• Diarrhea• Constipation
• Color / consistency• Gray = lack of bile• Black/tarry = bleeding (upper)
• Black = PeptoBismol• Red = bleeding (lower)