Digestive SystemDigestive System

Medical Terminology

Structures• Lips (cheil/o)• Mouth (stomat/o0• Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o)• Salivary glands

– Sublingual– Submandibular– Parotid

• Pharynx• Esophagus• Stomach (gastr/o)• Small intestine

– Duodenum– Jejunum– Ileum (hip = ilium)

• Large intestine– Cecum– Ascending– Transverse– Descending– Sigmoid

• Rectum • Anus

Structures

• Liver (hepat/o)• Hepatic duct

• Gallbladder • Cystic duct

– Cholecyst/o– Chole = bile– Cyst = bladder

• Common bile duct

• Pancreas• Pancreatic duct

Functions (physiology)All functions aided by

“PERISTALSIS”

• Ingestion

• Digestion(pepsis)– Mechanical

» Mouth» stomach

– Chemical » Mouth» Stomach» Duodenum » Pancreas

• Absorption» Jejunum» Ileum

• Elimination

• Absorption– Key to rapidity &

completeness:• Increase surface

area

– Rugae/ plicae

– Villi

– Microvilli

System Terminology

• Gingiv/0 = gums (gingivitis)• Gastr/o = stomach

• Gastrectomy/ gastrotomy/ gastrostomy• Enter/o = small intestine (enteritis)• Proct/o; rect/o = rectal (proctologist) • Eupepsis/ dyspepsia/ peptic ulcer

System Terminology

• Obstructed bowel– Volvulus– Intussusception

Diverticulosis /diverticulitis

Diverticula in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is almost always located in the descending or sigmoid colon.

• Diverticula• Diverticulosis• Diverticulitis

Hernia (-cele)

• In a hiatal hernia part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.

• Types of hernia– called hernias or –celes

• umbilical hernia• umbilicocele

– Strangulated (no blood)

– Inguinal

– Hiatal

Gallbladder disease

• Cholelithiasis

• Choledocholithiasis • Cholecystitis