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GI Tract Disorders
Factors influencing GI function Emotional state
Intestinal cramping, queasy stomach Exercise - moderate
Reduces liver disease Gallstones Constipation Colon cancer
GI Tract Disorders
Factors influencing GI function Exercise – high intensity
GERD Hiatal hernia Irritable bowel syndrome Viral gastroenteritis
GI Tract Disorders
More frequent in women Common in young athletes Infrequent in gliding movement sports
Cycling Serious medical conditions
GI Tract Disorders
Constipation Defecation habits are different among people.
Difficult or infrequent evacuation Many causes are possible.
Ignoring normal urges Muscle spasms
Slows feces movement Certain medications and supplements
Antacids, calcium, iron
GI Tract Disorders
Constipation Colonic irrigation is the internal washing of the
large intestine and can be hazardous. Strategies
High-fiber diet Increased fluids Exercise regularly. Respond quickly to the urge to defecate.
GI Tract Disorders
Laxatives Can work on the intestinal nerve plexus or mucosal surface Bulk producing laxatives
Bran Stool softeners
Dulcolax Hydrating agents
Milk of magnesia Hyperosmotic agents
Glycerol Draw water into the large intestine Regular use can be harmful
Decreases muscle action of large intestine
GI Tract Disorders
Belching and Gas Strategies
Eat slowly. Chew thoroughly. Relax while eating. Watch bothersome foods.
Hiccups are triggered by eating or drinking too fast.
GI Tract Disorders
Hemorrhoids may be a problem. Swollen veins of the rectum and anus Intense pressure and straining Dietary recommendation:
Fiber and fluid
GI Tract Disorders
Diarrhea: 2009-1.5 million deaths worldwide Frequent, loose, watery stools
Irritable bowel syndrome or colitis Infections-bacteria, viruses Cause excess intestinal secretions
GI Tract Disorders
Types of Diarrhea Secretory
Increased secretion or reduced absorption of fluids Cholera (secretes Cl- into intestinal lumen, Na+ follows)
Osmotic Lactose intolerance, high sugar solutions (particularly during ex.)
Exudative Crohn’s disease (blood in bowel)
Motility related Increased motility, diabetic neuropathy
Inflammatory Infections
Dysentery Blood in stool, caused by salmonella poisoning, for ex.
GI Tract Disorders
Diverticulosis Intestinal walls weaken and bulge. The
bulging pockets are called diverticula Diverticulitis
Worsened condition – inflammation Requires intervention - surgery
Increase fiber intake
GI Tract Disorders
Heartburn Lower esophageal sphincter – relaxes
Reflux Painful
Acid from stomach reaches esophagus and irritates lining
GI Tract Disorders
Heartburn and Acid Indigestion Strategies
Small meals Liquids between meals Sit up while eating. Wait 1 hour after eating before lying down. Wait 2 hours after eating before exercising. Refrain from tight-fitting clothing. Avoid bothersome foods. Refrain from tobacco use. Lose weight if overweight.
GI Tract Disorders
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Backward flow of stomach contents into
the esophagus. Exercise exacerbates GERD > 60% athletes
Worst in weightlifters Mild in endurance runners
GI Tract Disorders
Antacids and acid controllers may help indigestion.
4 hr from evening meal to bed Avoid exercising after eating Avoid foods that relax sphincter
Chocolate, peppermint, coffee, alcohol, tobacco,
GI Tract Disorders
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms
Cramps, bloating, increased frequency, diarrhea, constipation
Causes Altered intestinal peristalsis Decrease pain threshold
GI Tract Disorders
Individualized treatment Elimination diet-dairy, gas-forming foods
(cabbage, beans), some fruit-grapes, cherries
high fiber foods Moderate caffeine, avoid dairy Low-fat, small, frequent meals Stress reduction
Choking
Food becomes lodged in the trachea. The larynx cannot make sounds. The Heimlich maneuver may need to be
used. Strategies
Small bites Chew thoroughly. Don’t talk or laugh with food in the mouth. Don’t eat when breathing hard.
Ulcers
Peptic ulcer Area of GI tract eroded by gastric acid,
pepsin Exposes nerves 15% stomach 85% duodenal Diet
Soluble fiber – fruits, vegetables: protective Refined sugar: increases risk
Ulcers
Treatment Antibiotics
Helicobacter pylori Cause of most ulcers
Proton pump (H+) inhibitors Keep HCL from forming
Antacids Neutralize stomach acids