1993

SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM

DIGEST of TECHNICAL PAPERS

First Edition

May, 1993

ISSN 0097-966X

Publisher: Society for Information Display8055 West Manchester Avenue

Playa del Rey, CA 90293

Table of Contents

1: ANNUAL SID BUSINESS MEETING 6: CRT GLASS

PresidingPhilip M. Heyman President, Society for Information Display

SID Honors and Awards Presentation

Bernard J. Lechner Chair, SID Honors andAwards Committee

2: FORMAL OPENING

Welcoming Remarks

Louis D. Silversteln SID'93 General Chair

Richard H. Bruce SID'93 Program Chair

6.1: Invited Address: Stress Corrosion in Silicate Glasses and

Its Impact on CRT Panel Design 39

S. T. Gulati R.D&E Laboratory, Corning, Inc., Corning, NY

6.2: Anti-Electron Browning of Projection CRT Panel Glass 43

Y. Mlwa, J. Wakakl, K. Asahl Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.,

Shiga, Japan6.3: Electron and X-Ray Browning of CRT Glass 47

L. A. Tletz, N. F. Borrelll, G. B. Hares, H. Boek R,D&E

Laboratory, Corning, Inc., Coming, NY

6.4: Lead Extraction from Lead Alkali Silicate CRT Funnel Glass.

50

D. E. Goforth, L. R. Morse, S. T. Gulati R.D&E Laboratory,Corning, Inc., Corning, NY

A. Ghosh Philips Display Components, Ann Arbor, Ml

3: KEYNOTE ADDRESSES7: DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY AND LEGIBILITY

3.1:

3.2:

4.1:

The Future of Television

Nicholas Negroponte Director, Media Laboratory,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA

Global Television News in the New Age of Video

Kenneth D. Tlven Vice-President, Television Systems, Cable

News Network, Atlanta, GA

4.2:

4.3:

4: ADVANCES IN TFT-LCD DRIVERS AND PEN-COMPUTER

SYSTEMS

A 13-in.-Diagonal Full-Color High-Resolution TFT-LCD with a

New Analog Signal Conversion Scheme

S. Ohl, K. Nakajlma, G. Ueda, H. Shibahara, Y. Hamada,

Y. Hlrano NEC Corp., Kanagawa, Japan

TFT-LCDs Using Newly Designed 6-bit Digital Data Drivers.

H. Okada, S. Uehlra, H. Fukuoka, Y. Kanatani, M. HIJiklgawa

Sharp Corp., Nara, Japan

High-Quality TFT-LCD Drive Using Low-Voltage Driver

T. Furuhashl, M. Ikeda, T. Tanaka Hitachi Ltd.,

Microelectronics Products Development Laboratory,Yokohama, Japan

H. Kawakaml Hitachi Ltd., Electron Tube & Devices Division,

Chlba, JapanT. Suzuki Hitachi Video and Information Systems, Inc.,

Yokohama, Japan

7.1:

7.2:

7.3:

7.4:

5.1:

5.2:

5.3:

5.4:

5: LCD BACKLIGHTING

Development of a New Lamp Technology for Backlight LCDsR. Hicks, W. Halstead Lockheed/Sanders, Nashua, NH

Design of a Multichannel True Flat Fluorescent Lamp for

Avlonic TFT-LCD BacklightingM. Anandan, D. C. Ketchum, H. Etllnger Thomas

Electronics, Inc., Wayne, NJ

R. Klrker Advanced Conversion Technology, Inc., Middletown,

PA

W. N. Carr Microelectronics Center, NJIT, Newark, NJ

Holographic Dlffusers for LCD Backlights and ProjectionScreens

J. M. Tedesco, L. A. K. Brady, W. S. Colburn Kaiser Optical

Systems, Inc., AnnArbor, Ml

Bright and Thin LCD Backlights for Monochrome and Color

LCDs

S. Lu Landmark Technology, San Jose, CA

T. Kuo, J. Huang, F. Lin CTX Opto-Electronics Corp.,Hslnchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.

15

8.1:

8.2:

8.3:

8.4:

21

25

29

33

9.1:

9.2:

57

58

61

64

Invited Address: From Markings to Meanings: How Letter

Forms Make Literal Sense

C. Blgelow Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA

hz-Program: Micro-Typography for Advanced Typesetting ..

J. Lau and P. Karow URW, Hamburg, Germany

Digital Image Quality for Text: Effects of Thresholding and

FilteringW. H. Cushman, M. Ghaderl, J. Dlvincenzo, F. Samll

Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY

Towards Quantification of the Effects of TypographicVariation on Readability

R. A. Morris, K. Berry, K. A. Hargreaves University of

Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA

8: DISPLAY SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT

Metrics to Relate Screen Spatial Nonuniformity to Subjective

Image Quality 71

R. Cappels Apple Computer, Inc., Santa Clara, CA

An Evaluation Method and Light-Scattering Properties of

PN-LCDs 75

K. Oka, Y. Enaml Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., Slga, JapanK. Takeuchl, Y. Umezu, H. Takatsu Dalnippon lnk&

Chemicals, Inc., Saitama, Japan

Bandlimited Reconstruction Techniques for Color CRT

Spatial Data 79

S. P. Atwood Raytheon Equipment Dlv., Marlborough, MA

Color Tilings for Flat-Panel Displays 83

R. Samadanl Stanford University, Stanford, CA

J. Lanham, D. Loomls Sterling Software, Moffett Field, CA

L. D. Silversteln VCD Sciences, Scottsdale, AZ

J. Larimer NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

9: LCD DRIVE SCHEMES AND MODELING

Optimum Row Functions and Algorithms for Active Addressing

B. Clifton, D. Prince, B. Leybold, T. J. Scheffer Motif, Inc.,

Wilsonville, ORA. R. Conner, B. Greenberg In Focus Systems, Inc., Tualatin,

OR fAn Eight-Gray-Level Drive Method for Fast-Responding

STN-LCDs

H. Mano, S. Nlshitani Hitachi Ltd., Microelectronics Products

DevelopmentLaboratory, Yokohama, JapanK. Kondo Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Research Laboratory, Ibaraki,

Japan

89

93

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Table of Contents

10.1:

10.2:

10.3:

10.4:

11.1:

11.2:

11.3:

11.4:

13.1:

13.2:

13.3:

13.4:

J. Taguchi Hitachi Ltd., System Development Laboratory,Kawasaki, Japan

H. Kawakaml Hitachi Ltd., Electron Tube S Devices Div,

Chiba, JapanNew Drive Method to Eliminate Crosstalk in STN-LCDs 97

S. Nlshitanl, H. Mano, Y. Kudou Hitachi Ltd.,Microelectronics Product Development Laboratory,Yokohama, Japan

T. Futaml Hitachi Ltd., Electron Tube & Devices Div., Chiba,

JapanT. Inuzuka Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi Video and Information System,

Yokohama, Japan

Ultrafast 4x4 Matrix Optics with Averaged Interference

Fringes 101

D. W. Berreman Consultant, Scotch Plains, NJ

10: HUMAN FACtORS^OFlCREWSVTATION DISPLAYS

Spatial Situational Awareness as a Function of Frame of

Reference, Virtual Eyepoint Elevation, and Geometric

Field of View 107

W. Barfleld, C. Rosenberg, S.-H. Han, T. Furness

University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Comparison of Stereoscopic and Perspective Display

Formats for Spatial Tasks 111

W. Barfleld, C. Rosenberg University of Washington, Seattle,

WA

Visual Scanning in the Functional Visual Field 114

A. D. Andre NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

P. A Cashion San Jose State University, San Jose, CA

The Effect of Display Characteristics on Perception of Motion

from Remotely Sensed Imagery 118

M. E. Miller Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,

Blacksburg, VA

11: ISSUES IN ACCURATE COLOR DISPLAYS

Invited Address: Digital-Signal-Processing Approaches to

Problems in Color Systems 125

H. J. Trussell North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

Quantizing Accuracy for High-Quality Color Image Processing 129

Q. Gan Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, JapanK. Kotani, M. Miyahara Japan Advanced Institute of Science

and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan

Accurate Color Rendering for Display Simulation 133

T. G. Flske Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA

L. D. Silversteln VCD Sciences, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ

Prediction of Light-Valve Color Output 137

N. Sisson, C. Howard University of Dayton Research Institute,

Hlgley, AZB. Pierce Armstrong Laboratory, Aircrew Training Research

Div., Williams AFB, AZ

13: DIGITAL HALFTONING I

Invited Address: Can DBS Ever Be a Practical Halftoning

Technique? 143

T. J. Flohr, C. B. Atkins, J. P. Allebach Purdue University,West Lafayette, IN

Impact of Electrophotographic Printer Dot Modeling on

Halftone Image Quality 147

0. Lin, J. Wiseman Hewlett-Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA

Hardware Acceleration of Halftoning 151

M. Morgan, R. D. Hersch, V. Ostromoukhov Swiss Federal

Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

Methods for Spatiotemporal Dithering 155

J. B. Mulligan NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

14: COLOR PLASMA DISPLAYS

14.1: Invited Address: Development of Technologies for

Large-Area Color ac Plasma Displays 161

T. Shlnoda, M. Wakltanl, T. Nanto, K. Yoshlkawa,A. Ohtsuka, T. Hlrose Fujitsu Ltd., Hyogo, Japan

14.2: A 40-in.-Diagonal HDTV Plasma Display 165

T. Yamamoto, T. Kurlyama, M. Sekl, T. Katoh, H. Murakami

NHK Science and Technical Research Labs, Tokyo, JapanK. Shlmada, H. lshiga Central Research Institute, Dai Nippon

Printing Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan

14.3: Monte Carlo Simulation of Luminance Saturation and OpticalCrosstalk Due to Trapping of Xe VUV Photons in Color

PDPs 169

N. T. Nguyen, T. Nomura, K. Igarashl, S. Mlkoshlba The

University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

14.4: A 640 x 480 High-Resolution Color ac Plasma Display 173

G. Baret, J. Deschamps, J. Dutln, H. Doyeux, O. Hamon,S. Salavln, P. Zorzan Thomson Tubes Electroniques,Velizy, France

14.5: High-Definition 30-in.-Diagonal Full-Color ac PDP Video

Monitor 176

P. S. Friedman Photonics Imaging, Northwood, OH

15: VISUAL FACTORS IN AVIONICS DISPLAYS

15.1: Invited Address: Peripheral Displays and Visual

Performance 181

C. L. Kraft, W. Barfleld, T. A. Busey, M. Williams,J. Qualy-Whlte University of Washington, Seattle, WA

15.2: Visual Factors in the Design of Partial Overlap Binocular

Helmet-Mounted Displays 185

S. S. Grlgsby Logicon Technical Services, Inc., Dayton, OH

B. H. Tsou Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH

15.3: Functional Interactions in 3-D Visual Space: Implications for

Visual Displays 188

F. H. Prevlc Crew Technology Division, Armstrong Laboratory,Brooks AFB, TX

15.4: Conformal Symbology and the Head-Up Display 191

R. Martin-Emerson, C. D. Wlckens University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign, Institute of Aviation, Aviation Research

Laboratory, Savoy, IL

15.5: Proximal Accommodation in Virtual Displays 195

R. Jones The Ohio State University, College of Optometry,Columbus, OH

16: CRT SYSTEMS

16.1: Invited Address: CRT Projection 201

E. Yamazakl Hitachi, Ltd., Electron Tube & Devices Div.,Mobara, Japan

16.2: Thermal and Structural Analysis of Projection CRT 205

S. C. Shin, J.-K. In, S.-M. Kim, C.-S. Cho, S.-S. Lee

Samsung Display Devices, Kyungki-Do, Korea

16.3: A New Anti-Static Anti-Reflection Coating for CRTs UsingUltrafine Particles 209

H. Kawamura, Y. Tomlta, T. Kawamura, M. Mlyazakl,

K. Kobara Hitachi, Ltd., Electron Tube & Devices Div.,Chiba, Japan

Y. Endo Hitachi, Ltd., Mechanical Engineering Research

Laboratory, Ibarahi, Japan

16.4: A Finite-Element Analysis of Trinitron Glass Bulb

Compressed with Heat-Shrink Band 213

T. Aokl Sony Corp., Kanagawa, Japan

16.5: Vibration Analysis of Color CRTs 216

R. C. Bauder Thomson Consumer Electronics, Lancaster, PA

iv

Table of Contents

18: DIGITAL HALFTONING II

18.1: Combined Halftoning and Entropy-Constrained Vector

Quantization 223R. A. Vander Kam, R. M. Gray Information Systems

Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAP. A. Chou Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA

18.2: Error-Diffused Image Compression Using a Halftone-to-

Gray-Scale Decoder and Predictive PrunedTree-Structured Vector Quantization 227

M. Y. Ting, E. A. Rlskln University of Washington, Seattle, WA

18.3: Inverse Halftoning of Error-Diffused Images 231P. W. Wong Hewlett-Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA

18.4: Resolution Conversion Method of Bi-Level Images with

Average Gray-Level Preservation 235T. Semasa, M. Matsumoto, Y. Imanaka, T. Takahashi,

N. Tanabe, F. Ono Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Kanagawa,Japan

E. H. Stupp, W. Guerinot, P. Janssen Philips Laboratories,Briarcliff Manor, NY

L. Hoke Philips Consumer Electronics Corp, Knoxville, TN

20.2: Ways Towards Brighter Active-Addressed LC Projectors 287

E. Lueder University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

20.3: A High-Light-Output Active-Matrix TN-LC Projector for Videoand Data-Graphics Applications 291

P. Candry, K. Henry, B. Vernlest, W. Schorplon Barco N.V.

Projection Systems, Kuurne, Belgium

20.4: A Compact LCD Rear Projector Using a New Bent-Lens

Optical System 295S. Shlkama, H. Kida, A. Daljogo, Y. Maemura, M. Kondo

MitsubishiElectric Corp., Kyoto, Japan

20.5: Late-News Paper: Improvement in Light Efficiency of a-Si:H

TFT-Addressed Reflective V4-HAN-Mode Light Valves for

Color TV Projection 299

J. Glueck, H.-U. Lauer, E. Lueder, T, Kallfass, D. Straub

University ofStuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

EVENING PANEL DISCUSSIONS 21: IMAGE-QUALITY METRICS I

E-1: Active- vs. Passive-Matrix LCDs 240

E-2: High-Definition Television: Where Do We Go From Here? ...242

E-3: Tiled Displays — Can They be Seamless? 243

E-4: Avionics Displays for Today, Tomorrow, and Beyond 246

• An Army Aviation Perspective on Present and Future

Requirements for Avionic Displays 250

F. J. Blck U.S. ArmyAviation and Troop Command, St. Louis,MO

J. S. Seeman McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Co., St. Louis, MO

• Creation of an Aeronautical Design Standard for

Helmet-Mounted Information Display 252

L. A. Haworth and W. A. Stephens U.S. ArmyAeroflightdynamics Directorate, Ames Research Center,

Moffett Field, CA

• Seen Enough to Live: A Fighter Pilot's Perspective on

Display Characteristics 258

J. C. Schueren Consultant, San Jose, CA

• F-22 Controls and Displays System 259

J. C. Byrd U.S. Air Force ASC/ENASI, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH

19: VIEWING-ANGLE AND GRAY-SCALE

IMPROVEMENTS FOR LCDs

19.1: Invited Address: Wide-Viewing-Angle Improvements for

AMLCDs 265

S. Kaneko, Y. Hlral, K. Sumlyoshl NEC Corp., Kanagawa,Japan

19.2: Two-Domain TN-LCDs Fabricated by Parallel Fringe Field

Method 269

A. Uen, R. A. John IBM T. J. Watson Research Center,

Yorktown Heights, NY

19.3: An Optically "Self-Compensating" Electro-Optical Effect with

Wide Angle of View 273

P. L. Bos, J. A. Rahman Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, OR

19.4: Late-News Paper: Wide-Viewing-Angle Display Mode for the

Active-Matrix LCD Using Bend-Alignment Liquid-CrystalCell 277

Y. Yamaguchl, T. Mlyashita, T. Uchida Tohoku University,Sendai, Japan

21.1: Computational Image-Quality Metrics: A Review 305

A. J. Ahumada, Jr. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett

Field, CA

21.2: Predicting Perceptual Quality from SNR in CompressedMedical Images 309

P. C. Cosman, C. Tseng, R. A. Olshen, K. C. P. LI, R. M. GrayStanford University, Stanford, CA

21.3: Comparison of Image Coding Techniques for High Quality ...313

V. R. Algazi, T. R. Reed, G. E. Ford, M. Mlyahara, K. Kotanl,Y. Kato CIPIC and HQITL, University of California, Davis,Davis, CA

21.4: Quantitative Performance Assessment of an Algorithm for the

Determination of Image Fidelity 317

S. Daly Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY

22: CRT DEFLECTION

22.1: Projection CRT Deflection System Operating at 130 kHz 323

P. Rice, G. Hartmann, N. Loslc Electrohome Ltd., Kitchener,

Ontario, Canada

R. Baumgartner University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

22.2: A 2048 x 2560 Pixel 25V Monochrome Monitor 328

T. Furukawa, J. Ludwig Data Ray Corp., Westminster, CO

A. Martin Hughes Display Products, Lexington, KY

22.3: A Dynamic Convergence Correction Utilizing Saturable Core.

332

K. Aokl, S. Maekawa, K. Endou, E. Sanpel SonyMotomlyaCorp., Fukusima, Japan

Y. Nakamura Sony Corp., Display Device Group, Kanagawa,

Japan

22.4: An In-Neck Yoke-Type High-Resolution CRT 336

L. Tong, K. Xue, L. Li, K. K. N. Chang Southeast University,Nanjing, China

22.5: Late-News Paper: Resolution Aspects of the Shadow-Mask

Pitch for TV Applications 340

A. A. Seyno Sluyterman Philips Components, Eindhoven, TheNetherlands

23: PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

20: LIQUID-CRYSTAL PROJECTION TELEVISION

20.1: Invited Address: LCD Rear-Projection Television for

ConsumerApplication 283

23.1: InvitedAddress: An Overview of the Tri-Level XerographicProcess 347

H. M. Stark, W. E. Haas, J. E. May, D. G. Parker Xerox

WebsterResearch Center, Webster, NY

V

Table of Contents

23.2: Relationship Between Colorimetric Properties and Gloss of

Electrophotographic Color Images 349

A. Shlmada, T. Satoh Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi,

Ltd., Ibaraki, JapanI. Terashlma, T. Kltaglshi Information and Image Systems

Division, Hitachi, Ltd.

23.3: A Reusable Sheet for Thermal Printers 352

Y. Nlshloka, Y. Okabe, Y. Okada, Y. Ishll, H. Sato Okl

Electric Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

23.4: Integrated Contact-Type Linear Image Sensor with

Excimer-Laser-Annealed Poly-SI TFT Driver 356

K. Sera, H. Asada, F. Okumura, H. Tanabe, K. Nakamura,

H. Seklne, I. FuJIeda, S. Tujlmura, S. Kaneko NEC

Corp., Kawasaki, Japan

27-CRT ELECTRON GUNS

27.1: A Double-Hollow Chain-Link Color CRT Electron Gun 411H.-Y. Chen, S.-S. Tsai Chunghwa Picture Tube Ltd., Yangmei,

Taiwan, R.O.C.

27.2: Self-Convergent Gun System with Quadrupole Lenses for

Color CRTs 415S. Nakata, T. Nakagawa, S. Okuda, T. Yoshida Mitsubishi

Electric Corp., Hyogo, Japan

27.3: The Spherical Aberrations of Electron-Optical Lenses: Their

Effect on Resolution 419

C. Infante CBI Technology Consultants, Acton MA

27A: Cutoff Variations Due to Barium Evaporation from DispenserCathodes 423

G. S. Breeze Semicon Associates, Inc., Lexington, KY

24: PASSIVE LCD DEVICES

24.1: Invited Address: Recent Developments in the Physics of

Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals 363

N. A. Clark University of Colorado, Boulder, CO

24.2: Invited Address: Molecular Alignment of a Very-Large-SizeFLCD 364

Y. Hanyu, K. Nakamura, Y. Hotta, S. Yoshlhara, J. Kanbe

Canon, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan

24.3: High-Contrast and High-Information-Content

Optical-Mode-lnterference (OMI) LCD with Video

Response: Comparison with STN-LCDs 368

F. Mola, M. Schadt, H. Selberle F. Hoffmann-La Roche,Basel, Switzerland

25: PROJECTION ACTIVE-MATRIX LCD ARRAYS

28: AVIATION HEAD-UP AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAY

TECHNOLOGY

28.1: Head-Up Displays vs. Helmet-Mounted Displays: The Issues. 429E. C. Adam McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, St. Louis, MO

28.2: Color Holographic HUD 433J. C. Ebert Sextant Avlonique, Saint M6dard-en-Jalies, France

28.3: Hybrid Video Amplifier Chip Set for Helmet-Mounted

Visually-Coupled Systems 437

J. A. Ross Logioon Technical Services, Inc., Dayton, OH

0. Koclan Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB,

Dayton, OH

28.4: Synthetic Vision In Commercial Aviation-DisplayRequirements 441

D. Regal, D. Whlttlngton Boeing CommercialAirplane Group,

Seattle, WA

25.1: Invited Address: Design of Active-Matrix TFT-LCD Arraysfor High-Definition Projection TV 375

M. Amato Philips Laboratories, Briarcliff, NY

25.2: High-Quality TFD-R Video Displays 379

A. G. Knapp, J. N. Sandoe, J. M. Shannon Philips Research

Laboratories, Redhlll, EnglandP. B. A. Wolfs, J. H. W. Kuntzel, A. J. van Rbosmalen Flat P-1:

Panel Display Corp. B. V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands

25.3: A 1.9-in. 1.5-MPixel Driver Fully-Integrated Poly-Si TFT-LCD

for HDTV Projection 383

Y. TakafuJI, T. Yamashlta, T. Shlmada, Y. Akebl, T. p-2:

Matsumoto, K. Tsubota, K. Fujloka, K. Awane SharpCorp., Nara, Japan

25.4: Full-Color LCDs with Completely Integrated Drivers Utilizing

Low-Temperature Poly-Si TFTs 387 P-3:

H. Ohshima, T. Hashlzume, M. Matsuo, S. Inoue,

T. Nakazawa Seiko Epson Corp., Suwa, JapanP-4:

26: IMAGE-QUALITY METRICS II

26.1: Subjective Video Image-Quality Measurement Methods 393 P-5:

B. Chen, J. Rotondo, N. Shovar AT&T Bell Laboratories,Murray Hill, NJ

26.2: Visual Test Target for Display Evaluation 396

S. J. Brlggs The Boeing Co., Seattle, WA

D. Heagy OD&E, Washington, DC p-6:

R. Holmes National Photographic Interpretation Center,Washington, DC

26.3: Evaluation of Perceived Image Quality of Flat-Panel Displays P-7:

and CRTs with the SQRI Method 400

P. G. J. Barten Barton Consultancy, Knegsel, The Netherlands

26.4: MTF Measurements, Image-Quality Metrics, and Subjective P_8:

Image Quality for Soft-Copy Color Images 404

G. C. Jorna Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,Blacksburg, VA

POSTER SESSION

Active-Matrix LCDs

Characteristics of CdSe TFTs with SI02 and

Oxide-Nitride-Oxide Gate Insulation 447

D. Waechter Litton Systems Canada Ltd., Etobicoke, Ontario,

Canada

image-Sticking Reduction of MIM LCDs with Light-ExposedStructure 451

K. Seklguchl, Y. Hamano, E. Yamamoto, S. Togashl Citizen

Watch Co., Ltd., Saltama, Japan

TFT Lifetime in LCD Operation 455

F. R. Libsch, J. Kanlckl IBM T. J. Watson Research Center,

Yorktown Heights, NY

An a-SI:H TFT with n+ Ion-Doped Region 459

S. Ishlhara, K. FuJII, M. Yamamoto, H. Kosekl, S. Hotta

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Liquid Crystal SUM

Technology Div., Ishlkawa, JapanA. Yoshida, M. Kltagawa, T. Hlrao Matsushita Electric

Industrial Co., Ltd., Central Research Labs, Osaka, Japan

11.8- and 10.4-in.-Diagonal Color TFT-LCDs with XGA

Compatibility 463

T. Sakural, K. Kawal, Y. Kataoka, N. Kondo, K. Hashimoto,M. Katayama, T. Nagayasu, Y. Nakata, S. Mizushlma,K. Yano Sharp Corp., Nara, Japan

Low-Resistivity Tantalum Film for TFT Gate Line 467

Y. Shlmada, T. Yamamoto, M. Goto, H. Morlmoto, Sharp

Corp., Nara, Japan

Stability of a-Si Transistors for LCDs 471

B. J. Yan, Z. Chen, S. Z. Xlong, Z. L. Sun, W. Y. Xu Nankal

University, Tianjin, P.R.C.

Multi-Gray-Level Method for TFT-LCD Using Enhanced Error

Diffusion 475

M. Kobayashl, M. Fujloka, A. Tanloka, H. Uehara,T. Nakakado Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., Glfu, Japan

VI

Table of Contents

P-9: LCD Drivers with Built-in Self-Test 479

A. Erhart, R. Nelson Medtronic, Inc., Micro-RelDiv., Tempe, AZ

P-10:

P-11:

P-12:

P-13:

P-14:

P-15:

P-16:

P-17:

P-18:

P-19:

P-20:

P-21:

P-22:

P-23:

P-24:

P-25:

P-26:

P-27:

Applied Vision/Human Factors

Overlaying Three-Dimensional Computer Graphics with

Stereoscopic Live Motion Video: Applications for Virtual

Environments 483

D. Lion, C. Rosenberg, W. Barfleld University of

Washington, Seattle, WA

A Subjective Technique for Objective Calibration of Lines of

Sight in Closed Virtual Environment Viewing Systems ...487

S. R. Ellis NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

K. Nemlre NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA and

San Jose State University Foundation, Moffett Field, CA

Real-Time Locally Adaptive Contrast Enhancement: A

Practical Key to Overcoming Display and

Human-Visual-System Limitations 491

R. G. Hler, G. W. Schmidt, R. S. Millar, S. E. DeForest

DiglVision, Inc., San Diego, CA

The Automatic Wide-Dynamic-Range Sensor 495

0. Yadld-Pecht Technion-lsrael Institute of Technology,Technion City, Haifa, Israel

Depth Perception in Visual Displays 499

R. Patterson, S. Becker, G. S. Boucek Washington State

University, Pullman, WA

Real Image Display Effects on Oculomotor Response and

the Perception of Spatial Relationships 502

B. J. Pierce, A. A. Felber Armstrong Laboratory, Williams

AFB, AZ

P. A. Wetzel University of Dayton Research Institute, Hlgley, AZ

Image Update Rate and Apparent Self-Motlon Speed 506

J. M. Llndholm, T. M. Asklns University of Dayton Research

Institute, Higley, AZK. Krasnlcka Armstrong Laboratory, Williams AFB, Az

A Study of the Effects of Low Update Rate on Visual Displays 510

J.-S. Chen Wright State University, Dayton, OH

Primary Flight Displays Conversion: 747-400 CRTs to 777

LCDs 514

J. Wiedemann, E. J. Trujlllo Boeing CommercialAirplane

Group, Seattle, WA

Comparative Font Evaluation Based on Observer

Performance and Spectral Analysis 518

H. Veron, J. M. Klstner The MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA

Masking of High-Spatial-Frequency Information After a

Scene Cut 521

Q. Hu, S. A. Klein, T. Carney School of Optometry, Universityof California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA

A Study of Video Frame Rate on the Perception of

Compressed Dynamic Imagery 524

S. L. Chuang, R. F. Haines NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, CA

Subjective Assessments of JPEG and ProprietaryCompression Algorithms of Image Acceptability in NASA

Life-Science Experiments 528

R. F. Haines, S. L. Chuang NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, CA

Evaluation of Electronic Chart Colors 532

R. Kaufmann, S. McFadden Defence and Civil Institute of

Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada

Visual Detection of CRT Faceplate Stipple 536

R. L. Donofrio, A. Ghosh Philips Display Components Co.,Ann Arbor, Ml

Barcode Label for CRT Processing 539

M. S. Schlagenhaft, L. K. Dean, N. Baldwin Brady USA,

Inc., Milwaukee, Wl

Electrophoretlc Phosphor Deposition for CRTs 542

M. J. Shane, J. B. Talbot University of California at San

Diego, La Jolla, CA

A Non-Etched Bi-Metal Oxide Cathode 546

J. M. Farina Uniform Tubes, Inc., Collegeville, PA

J. R. Hale Omnl-MTE, Lancaster, PA

Display Manufacturing

P-28: 3.7-ln.-Diagonal STN-LCD with Stripe Electrode Patterns

Fabricated by an Excimer-Laser Scribing System 550

T. Konuma, A. Sugawara, S. Yamazaki Semiconductor

Energy Laboratory, Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan

P-29: Conductivity Enhancement of Transparent Electrode bySide-Wall Copper Electroplating 554

J. Liu, S, J. Laverty, P. Magulre, J. McLaughlin, J. Molloy,

J. Anderson University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern

Ireland

P-30: Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Analysis of ITO and Other

Coatings on Glass: Microscopic Evaluation Over LargeAreas 558

J. A. Woollam, W. A. McGahan J. A. Woollam Co., Lincoln,NE and University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE

B. Johs, G. Cooney J. A. Woollam Co., Lincoln, NE

R. Ql University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE

Display Measurements

P-31: Viewlng-Angle Evaluation Method for LCDs with Gray-ScaleImage ,

561

J. Hlrata, Y. Hlsatake, M. Ishlkawa, M. ShoJI, Y. Tanaka,

H. Hatoh Toshiba Corp., Yokohama, Japan

P-32: Characterizations of Viewing-Angle-Dependent Colorimetricand Photometric Performance of Color LCDs 565

T. G. Flske Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA

L. D. Silversteln VCD Sciences, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ

P-33: Device-Independent Color Rendering for Multiple DisplayDevices and Networked Simulator Displays 569

C. McCollough-Howard University of Dayton Research

Institute, Williams AFB, AZ

Display Systems

P-35: Minimization of Color Errors in Television Receivers UsingNeural Networks 573

S. Xu, P. B. Crllly University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

P-36: Hybrid Color Display Using Optical Interference Filter Array.. 577

A. Conner, J. Biles in Focus Systems, Inc., Tualatin, OR

P. Wierer, H. Rudlgler Balzers Ltd., Balzers, Uchtenstein

Emissive Displays: Electroluminescence

P-37: Electrical Characterization of ALE ZnS:Mn ACTFEL Devices.

581

A, Abu-Dayah, J. F. Wager Oregon State University, Corvallls,

OR

S. Kobayashl Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd., Tsukuba City,Japan

P-38: Analysis of ZnS-Mn ACTFEL Display Devices Including the

Effects of Bulk Traps and Hot-Electron Transport Factors. 584

V. P. Singh, M. E. Traylor, S. Bhaskaran The University ofTexas at El Paso, El Paso, TX

D. C. Morton U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Ft. Monmouth,

NJ

P-39: Emission Spectra Analysis of ZnS:Cu,CI Phosphors Used in

Modern ac Thick-Film Powder EL Devices 588

R. T. Eckersley, D. G. Plres, E. L. Klnnally Durel Corp.,Tempe, AZ

A. C. Thomas Rogers Corp., Lurle R&D Center, Rogers, CT

W. A. Coghlan Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, AZ

Emissive Displays: Plasma

P-40: Screen-Printed MgO Protection Layers for ac Plasma

Displays , ,592

A. Manabe, H. Uchiike, K. Machlda, K. Baba, M. Tokura,

K. Amano Hiroshima University, Hlgashl-Hlroshima, Japan

VII

Table of Contents

Emissjve Displays: Field Emission:

P-41: Electron Emission from Silicon Tips Coated with a Very Thin

Cr Film 596

J. C. Jiang, R. C. White Columbia University, New York, NY

P-42: Field-Emission Display Resolution 599

W. D. Kesllng, C. E. Hunt University of California, Davis, CA

Large-Area Displays: Projectiont Displays'-

P-44: Panoramic Display Using Highbright Color LCD Projection

Displays .603

R. Blanchard Hughes Aircraft Co., Carlsbad, CA

P-45: Detectability of Reduced Blue-Pixel Count in Projection

Displays 606

R. Martin Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA

J. Gllle National Research Council, NASAAmes Research

Center, Moffett Field, CA

J. Larimer NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

P-46: A High-Aperture-Ratio Pixel Structure for High- Density a-Si

TFT Liquid-Crystal Light Valves 610

N. Takahashi, Y. Hlral, S. Kaneko Functional Devices

Research Laboratories, NEC Corp., Kanagawa, JapanK. Nakashlma, 0. Sukegawa Color LCD Division, NEC Corp.,

Kanagawa, Japan

Large-Area Displays: Tiled Displays

P-47: A 51-in.-Diagonal Tiled LCD VGA Monitor 614

N. Mazurek, T. Zammlt Magnascreen Corp., Horsham, PA

R. Blose, J. Bernkopf Magnascreen Corp., Pittsburgh, PA

P-48: Active-Driven TFEL Displays Using Ceramic Tiling 618

S. C. Thayer Planar Systems, Inc., Beaverton, OR

LC Technology

P-49: TN-LCDs Fabricated by Non-Rubbing Showing Wide and

Homogeneous Viewing Angular Characteristics and

Excellent Voltage Holding Ratio 622

Y. Toko, T. Sugiyama, K. Katoh Stanley Electric Co., Ltd.,

Kanagawa, JapanY. Ilmura, S. Kobayashi Tokyo University of Agriculture and

Technology, Tokyo, Japan

P-50: Simple Method for Optimization of Electro-Optical Propertiesin FSTN-LCDs 626

S. B. Kwon, W. S. Park, W. Kim, S. H. Ahn, Y. H. Oh

GoldStar Co., Kyongki-Do, Korea

P-51: Fast Design Tools for LCD Viewing-Angle Optimization 630

K. Lu, B. E. A. Saleh University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl

P-52: Improved Materials Assessment Technique for the Evaluation

of the Performance of FLCD Devices 634

L. K. M. Chan, N. Lui, B. Needham, P. W. Ross,

P. W. H. Surguy Thorn-EMI, Hayes, Middlesex, U.K.

P-53: Simulation of LCDs Including Elastic Anisotropy and

Inhomogeneous Fields 638

S. Dlckmann, J. Eschler, O. Cossalter, D. A. MlynsklUnlversltSt Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

P-54: Superfast Addressing Modes for SSFLC Matrix Displays 642

P. Maltese La Sapienza University, Rome, ItalyR. Piccolo University of Bari, Bari, Italy

P-55: Optical Performances of Normally White and Normally Black

Active-Matrix LCDs 646

A. Abileah, F.-C. Luo OIS Optical Imaging Systems, Troy, Ml

P-56: Twist Cell Dynamics: A Novel Numerical Approach 650

H. Wohler, M. E. Becker autotronic GmbH, Karlsruhe,

Germany

P-57: An Ultra-High-Resolution Ferroelectric Liquid-Crystal Video

Display 654

D. G. McDonnell, R. W. Bannister, A. Graham, J. R. Hughes,H. A. Pedllngham, D. C. Scattergood, C. J. T. Smith

Defence Research Agency, Great Malvern, Worcestershire,

U.K.

P-58: Negative-Birefringence Film-Compensated Multi-Domain

TN-LCDs with Improved Symmetrical Optical Performance 658

H. L. Ong IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown

Heights, NY

Product Engineering/Applications: Monitors

P-59: New High-Contrast High-Resolution Optical-QualityRear-Projection Screen 662

T. Maxson AtoHaas North America, Inc., Bristol, PA

E. Martinez, Jr. Hudson Photographic Industries, Irvington, NY

P-60: Color Switching Using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals 665

G. D. Sharp, K. M. Johnson, G. Letey University of Colorado

at Boulder, Boulder, CO

Product Engineering/Applications: FPDs and Peripherals

P-61: Retroreflecting Sheet Polarizer 669

M. F. Weber 3M, St. Paul, MN

P-62: Antireflection System for LCDs and Pen-Based ComputerTablets 673

R. L. Martin, Jr. Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc., Santa Rosa,CA

D. E. Evanicky SillconGraphics, Mountain View, CA

S. Lu Landmark Technology, San Jose, CA

P-63: TFT-LCD In-Process Test System 677

I. Takahashi, T. Oshiml, H. Kagaml Terenix, Inc., Tokyo,

Japan

P-64: A Shadow-Mask CRT Convergence Reference 681

L. E. Lelse IBM Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC

P-65: Power on Sequencing for LCDs: Why, When, and How 684

C. Guthrie Sharp Electronics Corp., San Jose, CA

P-66: Analog Display on a Flat-Panel Display 689

J. B. Migozzl JBM Society, Villebon sur Yvette, France

P-67: Design of Transmission Lines on COG Module for Poly-SiTFT-LCD 692

Y. Numano, E. Gofuku, H. Otsukl, M. Takada, F. Matsukawa,

H. Namizaki, M. Nunoshlta Mitsubishi Electric Corp.,

Hyogo, Japan

Late-News Posters

P-68: Diode-Pumped Signal-Resonant Intracavity-Doubled Sum

Frequency Lasers for Large-Format Displays 696

G. J. Dixon University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL

P-69: A 16-View Time-Divislon-Multiplexed AutostereoscopicDisplay 700

J. R. Moore, A. R. L. Travis, S. R. Lang, O. M. Castle

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.

P-70: A 6.3-Mpixel AMLCD 704

R. Martin, T. Chuang, H. Steemers, R. Allen, R. Fulks,

S. Stuber, D. Lee, M. Young, J. Ho, M. Nguyen, W. Meull,

T. Flske, R. Bruce, M. Thompson Xerox PARC, Palo Alto,

CA

M. Tllton Standish Industries, Lake Mills, Wl

L. D. Silversteln VCD Sciences, Scottsdale, AZ

P-71: Parametric Investigation of Hot-Electron Cold-Cathode

Performance 708

R. Young, A. H. Kltal McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,

Canada

P-72: Color Helmet-Mounted Display Based on the Tektronix LC

NuColor Shutter 712

J. Bogdanskl Swedish Institute ofComputer Science,

Stockholm, Sweden

P-73: Small Long-Lived Stable Light Source for Projection-Display

Applications 716

D. A. MacLennan, J. T. Dolan, B. P. Turner Fusion Lighting,Inc., Rockville, MD

P-74: Performance Improvement of Red TFEL Device with

Sputtered CaS:Eu Films 720

H. Yoshlno, M. Ohura, H. Ohnishl Ehime University, Ehime,

Japan

viii

Table of Contents

P-75: Low-Temperature Poly-Si TFTs on Corning Code 1734 and1735 Glass Substrates 724

M. K. Hatalls, D. N. Kouvatsos, J.-H. Kung, A. T. VoutsasLehigh University, Bethlehem, PA

F. P. Fehlner Corning Incorporated, Corning, NYJ. Kanlckl IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown

Heights, NY

29: AMLCDs: DIRECT VIEW

29.1: Numerical Simulation for Large-Area TFT-LCDs 731R. L. Wisnleff IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown

Heights, NY

29.2: Invited Address: Electrostatic Damage and Protection for

TFT-LCDs 735T. Yanagisawa Toshiba Corp., Hyogo, Japan

29.3: A High-Aperture-Ratio TFT-LCD with a Shield-ElectrodeStructure 739

T. Ueda, J. Sugahara, H. Toeda, M. Aklyama, M. Ikeda,K. Suzuki Toshiba R&D Center, Kawasaki, Japan

29.4: 17-ln.-Diagonal Color TFT-LCDs for Engineering Workstations 743

K. Kawal, T. Sakural, M. Katayama, T. Nagayasu, N. Kondo,Y. Nakata, S. Mlzushlma, K. Yano, M. HiJIkigawa SharpCorp., Nara, Japan

30: VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS I: THE VISION, THEREQUIREMENTS, THE APPLICATIONS

30.1: Invited Address: Displays in Visual Simulation 749

E. C. Haseltlne Walt Disney Imagineering, Glendale, CA

30.2: Invited Address: A Vision for Virtual Environment Technology 753T. A. Furness III University of Washington, Seattle, WA

30.3: Invited Address: Virtual Reality: How Close Are We? 754D. R. Baum Hughes Training, Inc., Minneapolis, MN

33.1:

33.2:

33.3:

34.1:

34.2:

34.3:

34.4:

34.5:

33: IMAGE DATA COMPRESSION

A Study on Motion-Compensated Prediction Using IsodensityAreas for Interframe Coding 783

K. Kato, 0. Nakamura, T. Mlnami Kogakuin University,Tokyo, Japan

Subband Coding of Images Using Wavelet Decompositionand Hybrid Quantization 787

R. Armltano, F. L. Kltson, V. Bhaskaran Hewlett-PackardCo., Palo Alto, CA

High-Quality Image Compression Using the Gabor Transform 792T. R. Reed University of California, Davis, CA

34: NOVEL LIGHT VALVE AND LASER PROJECTORS

Laser Sources for Color Displays 799G. C. Valley Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA

Optimization of a Laser-Addressed Storage-TypeLiquid-Crystal Light Valve with High Resolution, HighWriting Speed, and Continuous Gray Scale 803

W. Chen Greyhawk Systems, Inc., Mountain View, CAN. G. Bergstrom Apple Computer, Inc., Santa Clara, CAX. Chen Prometrix Corp., Santa Clara, CAF. J. Kahn Kahn International, Palo Alto, CA

Deformable Grating Light Valves for High-Resolution Displays 807R. B. Apte, F. S. A. Sandejas, W. C. Banyal, D. M. Bloom

E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Polarization Independent LC Phase Modulators and Their

Application 809J. Eschler, S. Dlckmann, O. Cossalter, D. A. Mlynskl

University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GermanyLate-News Paper: Area-of-lnterest and Target Laser

Projector for F/A-18 Weapons Tactics Trainer 813D. A. Ansley Hughes Training, Inc., Los Angeles, CA

35: VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS II: THE VISION, THE

REQUIREMENTS, THE APPLICATIONS

32: COLOR EL

32.1: A New Class of Blue TFEL Phosphors with Application to a

VGA Full-Color Display 761

W. A. Barrow, R. C, Coovert, E. Dickey, C. N. King, C.

Laakso, S. S. Sun, R. T. Tuenge, R. Wentross Planar

Systems, Inc., Beaverton, ORJ. Kane David Sarnoff Research Center, Princeton, NJ

32.2: Charge Modulation Gray-Scale Method with Profiled CurrentPulses for ACTFEL Displays , 765

M. H. Aberg VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,Semiconductor Laboratory, Espoo, Finland

32.3: ZnS:Mn/SrS:Ce Multilayer Devices for Full-Color EL

Applications 769R. H. Mauch, K. O. Velthaus, B. Huttl Heinrich-Hertz-lnstitut,

AG-Elektrolumineszenz, Berlin, GemranyH. W. Schock UniversitSt Stuttgart, Institut WrPhysikalische

Elektronik, Stuttgart, Germany

32.4: Degradation Mechanisms of Alkaline-Earth Sulfide TFELDevices 773

G. O. Mueller Display Consultant, Berlin, Germany

32.5: Late-News Paper: Ion Implantation for Full-Color

Electroluminescent Displays 777T. Parodos, H. P. Maruska, W. Halverson Spire Corp.,

Bedford, MAR. A. Budzilek, D. Monarchle United Technologies Norden

Systems, Norwalk, CTE. Schlam Elliott Schlam Associates, Wayside, NJ

35.1: Software Requirements for Virtual-Environment Applications . 819H. C. Masterman, H. Veron The MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA

35.2: Virtual Controls in Interactive Environments: A Virtual

Physics Laboratory 823R. B. Loftln University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TXM. Engelberg Rice University, Houston, TX

R. Benedettl University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

35.3: A Retinal Display for Virtual-Environment Applications 827

J. Kollln Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of

Washington, Seattle, WA

36: GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES

36.1: Invited Address: Design of New Media Interfaces 831S. J. Mountford Apple Computer, Inc., Cupertino, CA

36.2: Cost of Ownership Benefits of a Standards-Based TechnicalInfrastructure for Graphical User Interfaces 833

D. J. Kurys The MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA

36.3: The Effects of Graphical Representation of HypertextStructure on Comprehension, Recall, and Use 837

M. J. Wenger, D. G. Payne State University ofNew Yortat

Binghamlon, Binghamton, NY36.4: A Comparison of Traditional and Theory-Based Displays 841

J. D. Lee Battelle Seattle Research Center, Seattle, WAN. Moray University of Illinois, Urbana, IL

J. Rasmussen Riso National Laboratory Bygrade, DenmarkK. Vicente University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

ix

Table of Contents

37: ELECTROLUMINESCENCE

37.1: Invited Address: Anatomy of ZnS-Type Electroluminescence 847

E. A. Brlnguler University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

37.2: Hot-Electron Luminescence In ZnS ACTFEL Devices 851

A. A. Douglas, J. F. Wager, K. Bhattacharyya,S. M. Goodnlck Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR

D. C. Morton, J. B. Koh U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Ft.

Monmouth, NJ

C. P. Hogh Vitronics, Inc., Eatontown, NJ

37.3: Analysis of ZnS:Mn ACTFEL Devices Exhibiting MemoryThrough Donor Centre Capture and Emission Processes. 855

I. P. McClean, C. B. Thomas, W. M. Cranton, R. Stevens

University of Bradford, Bradford, U.K.

37.4: A Study of Modified Structures for Reducing Aging Effects in

DCPEL Display Devices 859

V. P. Singh, J. A. Raposo, J. C. McClure, R. G. Bell The

University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Tx

J. W. Mayo Brewer Science, Inc., Rolla, Mo

39: DISPERSIONS IN LC MATERIALS

41.3: Head-Mounted Displays for Virtual Reality 907

P. J. Hezel, H. Veron The MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA

41.4: Invited Address: Tactile: The Added Dimension to

Information Displays for Virtual Environments 912P. Cutt Xtensory, Inc., Scottsdale Valley, CA

42: DISPLAY SYSTEMS

42.1: Head-Up Display for Automotive Use 915

P. M. Knoll, W. KBnig, P. Jullger, F. Schwabe Robert Bosch

GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany42.2: An Eye-Contact Technique for Large-Screen Displays Using

a Blazed Half-Transparent Mirror (BHM) 919M. Kurlkl, K. Uehlra, Y. Takahashi, S. Sakal NTT

Interdisciplinary Research Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan42.3: Simultaneous Brightness Control of Multiple Display and

Lighting Technologies 913

W. H. Ferry, D. A. Wilkinson Boeing Commercial AirplaneGroup, Seattle, WA

42.4: Transfer Function Method for Determining Display LinearityCorrection 917

R. G. Stewart Stewart Research Enterprises, Los Altos, CA

39.1: Invited Address: Status of Projection-TypePolymer-Dispersed LCDs 865

A. Tomita Raychem Corp., Menlo Park, CA

39.2: Hysteresis and Dynamic Response Effects on the Image

Quality In a LCPC Projection Display 869

S. Nllyama, Y. Hlral, Y. Ool, M. Kunlglta, H. Kumal, T.

Wakabayashl, S. [Ida, T. Gunjlma Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.,

Yokohama, Japan39.3: Polymer-Dispersed LCLVs with Gray-Scale Memory 873

H. Fujlkake, K. Taklzawa, H. Klkuchl, T. FuJII NHK, Tokyo,Japan

39.4: A Low-Threshold-Voltage Polymer Network TN Device 877P. J. Bos, J. A. Rahman Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, OR

J. W. Doane Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University,Kent, OH

40: NEW ACTIVE-MATRIX LCD TECHNOLOGIES

40.1: A 16-in. Full-Color Plasma-Addressed Active-Matrix LCD 883T. S. Buzak, P. J. Green, S. J. Guthrie, S. C. Harley,

K. Hlllen, G. R. Lamer, P. C. Martin, D. L. Nlshida,T. L. O'Neal, W. W. Stein, K. R. Stinger, M. D. WagnerTektronix, Inc., Beaverton, OR

40.2: A Completely Self-Aligned a-SI TFT 887

M. Akiyama, Y. Ikeda, M. Ikeda, K. Suzuki Toshiba R&D

Center, Kawasaki, Japan

40.3: A High-Performance Integrated Gate-Line Driver for HDTV

Active-Matrix LCDs 891

K. Schleupen, U. Schneider, E. Lueder, T. Kallfass,M. Dobler University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

40.4: A 6.2-ln. Color Poly-Si Active-Matrix LCD with SimplifiedFault-Tolerant Architecture 895

S. A. Haws, S. Fluxman, P. Rundle GEC Hirst Research

Centre, Middlesex, U.K.

41: HUMAN FACTORS OF VIRTUAL REALITY

41.1: Invited Address: Human Factors and Virtual Reality: APerspective 901

R. Stuart Nynex Science & Technology, Inc., White Plains, NY

41.2: Multiscreen Display Method for Expanding StereoscopicViewing Space 905

T. Komatsu, K. Nakazawa, S. Shlwa, S. Ichinose NTT

Human Interface Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan

43.1:

43.2:

43.3:

43.4:

44.1:

44.2:

44.3:

44.4:

43: PERCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF IMAGE COMPRESSION

Invited Address: Nonlinear Aspects of Primary Vision:

Entropy Reduction Beyond DecorrelationC. Zetzsche, B. Wegmann Technische UniversiSt Munchen,

Munchen, GermanyE. Barth Ludwig-Maximillans-UniversitSt, Munchen, Munchen,

Germany

Effects of Quantization Table Manipulation on JPEG

Compression of Cervical RadiographsL. E. Berman, R. Long CEB, LHNCBC, Bethesda, MD

S. R. Plllemer OPECA, NIAMS, Bethesda, MD

933

937

942

46.1:

The Visibility of DCT Quantization Noise

H. A. Peterson IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown

Heights, NYA. J. Ahumada, Jr., A. B. Watson NASA Ames Research

Center, Moffett Field, CA

DCTune: A Technique for Visual Optimization of DCT

Quantization Matrices for Individual Images 946

A. B. Watson NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

44: LCD ALIGNMENT AND CELL STRUCTURE

Invited Address: Surface Alignment of Liquid Crystals in

LCDs 953

D.-S. Seo, H. Matsuda, J. Ishizakl, Y. Ilmura, S. KobayashiTokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Control of the LC Alignment Using a Stamped MorphologyMethod and Its Application to LCDs 957

E. S. Lee, T. Uchlda Tohoku University, Miyagi, JapanM. Kano, M. Abe, K. Sugawara Alps Electric Co. Ltd., Miyagi,

JapanPlastic Mlcrostructure-Spaced LCD 961

R. P. Wenz, D. J. W. Aastuen 3M, St. Paul, MN

Color STN-LCD on Polymer Film Substrates 965

F. Matsumoto, T. Nagata, T, Mlyaborl, H. Tanaka,

S. Tsushima Ricoh Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan

46: FPD MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

Compaction of Glass Substrates for Active-Matrix LCDs 971

M. Anma, F. Okamoto Coming Japan, K.K., Shizuoka, Japan

X

Table of Contents

46.2: Large-Scale Sputtering of ITO and SI02 for High-QualityDisplay Applications 975

R. Latz, B. Ocker LeyboldAG, Alzenau, GermanyC. Daube, S. Noll-Daube Leybold Co., Ltd., R&D Center,

Tsukuba, Japan46.3: A Continuous-Process APCVD Reactor for

High-Throughput-Volume AMLCD Manufacturing 979A. H. Shfh, R. W. Mui, K. M. Provancha, C. A. Attema

Watkins-Johnson Co., Scotts Valley, CA

46.4: Image Position Errors Due to Plate Bending 983P. W. Ford, E. W. Veyhl MRS Technology, Chelmsford, MA

46.5: FPD Manufacturing Process Control Using a Yield

Management Network 987

D. Hendricks KLAAcrotec Co., Ltd., Tokyo, JapanK. Bhaskar KLA Acrotec Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA

47: NOVEL DISPLAY DEVICES

47.1: Matrix Addressing and Driving in a New Electrochemical

Display Technology 993

B. Warszawski Polyvision France, Paris, France

47.2: Advanced LCD Enhancement Technology for Improved

Display Performance 997

J. B. Eicheniaub Dimension Technologies, Inc., Rochester, NY

47.3: A New Approach to the Real-Image 3D Globe Display 1001

S. Shimada Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan

47.4: Miniature Color Display 1005

K. R. Sarma, J. R. Trimmier, W. Heinze, C. Rogers, R. Ellis,B. Larson, H. Franklin Honeywell, Inc., Phoenix, AZ

D. L. Post Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH

47.5: Late-News Paper: Field-Emission Displays Based on

Diamond Thin Films 1009

N. Kumar, C. Xie, N. Potter, A. Krishnan, C. Hilbert,

D. Eichman Microelectronics and Computer Technology

Corp., Austin, TX

E. Schlam Elliott Schlam Associates, Wayside, NJ

H. Schmidt, S. Wagal SI Diamond Technology, Inc., Houston,TX

47.6: Late-News Paper: An Overview of the Digital MlcromirrorDevice (DMD) and Its Application to Projection Displays.. 1012

J. B. Sampsell Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX

48: ADVANCED IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

48.1: The Integration of High-Resolution Video into the Workstation 1019

J. D. Northcutt, G. A. Wall, J. G. Hanko Sun MicrosystemsLabs, Inc., Mountain View, CA

48.2: UWGSP6: A Workstation Design for the Display and

Processing of 2K x 2K x 12-bit Images 1023

S. W. Milton, A. S. Han, Y. Kim University of Washington,Seattle, WA

48.3: Multimedia Collaborative Applications for Medical

Examinations 1027

H. Takada, S. Masaki, H. Yoshimura, K. Shimamura NTTHuman interface Laboratories, Kanagawa, Japan

48.4: Functional Architecture and Component Technologies for

Direct Volume Display Devices 1031

T. E. Clifton III, CPT, USAF Joint National IntelligenceDevelopment Staff, Washington, DC

F. L. Wefer The MITRE Corp., Washington, DC

48.5: Fractal Noise Removal from Images by a Multiscale Gabor

Representation 1035

G. Cristobal, R. Navarro Instituto de Optica (CSIC), Madrid,

Spain

SID '93 Seminar Highlights: Seminar Topics/Speakers 1040

SID '93 Tutorials and How-To Seminars 1042

SID '93 Honors and Awards 1046

SID '92 Best Paper Awards 1053

SID '93 Profiles of Speakers 1057

SID '93 Executive Committee 1062

SID '93 Program Committee 1063

SID '93 Session Chairmen/Co-Chairmen 1066

SID '93 Convention Center Floor Plans 1069

SID '93 List of Exhibitors/Exhibit Hall Floor Plan 1073

SID '93 Timetable Inside Back Cover

xi