DIG for Disease Informatics Group

RP Deolankar

oonnatie@yahoo.com

                     

Smoking is injurious to health

Honorable Mr. Bill Gates revolutionized IT industry

Dr. Vijay Bhatkar proved to be supercomputer superman

Prof. Kolaskar popularized bioinformatics

Now,We are waiting for somebody To develop Disease Informatics.

What it is?

WealthLot of health can be acquiredBecause health is wealth

MeasureIfHealth is wealthThenFitness is money

Health Currencies

SayFitness dollarsMeasures health

F$

Health Account Scene-1

Expenditure of F$ > Bank Balance in F$Hardship!!!= Disease= Dis + Ease

             

Health Account Scene-2

Expenditure = Bank BalanceNo hardshipNo disease but Predisposed to the disease orNot really healthy

TIME BOMB

Health Account Scene-3Requirement 1 fitness dollar, Balance 10 fitness dollarsComfortable, but Poor than the one having 100 fitness dollarsDisease and health are quantitative conceptsNot quantalExpressed in relative terms

100F$>10F$>1 F$

Health Account Scene-4Fakir without a dollar is much happier than MillionaireIt is human to make error in defining the disease

We seek, but never find, absolute truth

http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/1/?letter=B&spage=3

                                                                             

                                 

Definition of elephant by consensus panel

http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/1/?letter=B&spage=3

Last sceneMan laid 50% in oven and 50% in freezer Not comfortable, on an average…Both the gadgets must be tuned for the manDisease and health are holistic concepts

200

-200

20

Health means wholeOld. English word. hælþ indicates wholenessWhole is not finite and difficult to measureMeasurement of fitness is commonWe can ask the question “Fit for what?”

General Holistic definition of healthHealth is a state of Physical, Mental, Social, Emotional and Spiritual wellbeingand not merely the absence of disease

Relevance of Health definitionDoctors, Social Workers, Educationists and Spiritual Leaderscontribute to the health of societyand treat diseases

Limitation of the definition of health

Health is a STATE of… absence of disease

State indicates staticHealth is dynamic, it flows, and it is a process

Adding dynamismLet us say, Gaining health is a progression towards wellbeing and Loosing health is a progression towards disease

Modern definition of healthHence, health is a process of gaining of Physical, Mental, Social, Emotional or Spiritual wellbeing

Let us hope that we have defined health successfully

Health happens to an individual Individual = % Wellbeing + % DiseaseLoosing the proportion of wellbeing is loosing the healthand proportionally gaining the disease

Health examination of an individualIt is revealing certain eventsin the health history ofan individual

Three aspects of health examination

•Attempts to hunt priors (Backend events)•Understand present (Current event)•Predict posteriors (Front-end events)

Point on the curveEvents are sections ofchains in between ‘Wellbeing’ of an individual and ‘Disease’

Ends of the chains are infiniteComplete ‘wellbeing’ and complete ‘disease’are difficult to define

EventsMovement of processfrom wellbeing to diseasecan thus be judged by events

Events have depth tooMild Disease is different thanSevere Disease

Disease causal chainsEvents linked together form the Disease Causal Chain or WebThis chain can be reversed sometimes

                                                                                                                                                                         

http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/326/7394/865

S. No.

Outcome

Back event-1

Back enent-2

Back event-3

Back event-4

Back event-5

4a DhVDa

VDa Da NC-    

        E IdIL UM

          In: Ro

UM

4b DhVDa

VDa Da NC-    

        E IdIL UM

          In: NRo

UM

 

Disease Causal Chains can be presented in tabular format

http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/328/7443/811#105704

The software should be derived to set aside the combination terms (anatomical + physiopathological) from MeSH database of NCBI. This will provide the database for events occurring in the DiCC.

Database for events

Meta-analysis (Systematic Reviews)

Source of priors

It is practice of combining the results of a number of studies that address a set of related research hypotheses

Professor Archibald Leman Cochrane

http://www.cochrane.org/index.htm

Disease causal chains (DiCC) and Bayes

DiCC has priors and posteriorsIt is cake of Bayesian rather than frequentists

Synthesize evidence from multiple sources

Pilot studiesTrials of similar interventionsSubjective judgments about the generalisability of the study's results

http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/319/7208/508

FactorsCertain factors are associated with movement of processfrom wellbeing to disease, which are known as risk factors or protective factors depending on the direction of movement

Factors are variablesMost of the time, same factor could be risk or protective depending on its magnitude and deviation from homeostasis

http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/158/6/848/F1

Helena Chmura Kraemer

Human individualDisease happens to an individualWe need to understand What the human individual appears like?

Baba Ramdev

Model Human = Somatic body + Vitality + Mind + Intellect + Bliss

Human body computer = Intellect (Central processing unit) + Self / Ego (Software) + Memory (Free space, Floppy/ Hard disk) + Mind/ senses (Program) + Life history (Data)

Human microbial organsGut associated microbiota organVagina associated microbiota organ Skin associated microbiota organ

Prof. Stig Bengmark

Study on human (Clinical Research)To understand the disease of an individualOne has to understand the human and His body computerHis associated organs

Let us summarise, What we have discussed about disease till now

Point no. 1Absence of perceptible disease may not be equated to health but lacunae in health is disease

Point no. 2Disease may not be apparent when predisposing events occur

Point no. 3In short, we all are walking on the path today that may result in disease of tomorrow

Point no. 4

However, bypassing the disease is possible sometimes

So as to avoid the diseases of tomorrow we must act today

Point no. 5Disease predisposing events may not be perceptible easily and may not get attention, however, are real stem of disease causal chain

Point no.6Disease is a relative phenomenon, could mean different to different thinkers, and errors could be rampant in defining the diseases

Point number 7Disease Informatics Group has to develop health-scoring system

Point no. 8If disease is present thenGravity of the disease matters