Diffusion of Smart Devices for Health in Canada · 2018-04-20 · Canadians’ use and intentions for using mobile apps and smart devices to monitor health and well-being. It is the

Diffusion of

Smart Devices

for Health in

Canada

| 2

Diffusion of Smart Devices for Health in Canada

Diffusion of Smart Devices for Health in Canada

September 2017

Members of the research team

Guy Paré, Holder, Research Chair in Digital Health, HEC Montréal

Claire Bourget, Senior Manager of Marketing Research, CEFRIO

Collaborators

Miguel Aguirre, Research Professional, Research Chair in Digital Health, HEC Montréal

Josée Beaudoin, Vice-President, CEFRIO

Sabrina Boutin, Manager of Health Projects, CEFRIO

Katherine Vachon, Project Manager in Marketing Research, CEFRIO

Chad Leaver, Director, Applied Research, Canada Health Infoway

Cassie Frazer, Director – Consumer Health & Innovation, Canada Health Infoway

Publishing coordination team – CEFRIO

Guillaume Ducharme, Vice-President, Communications and Corporate Affairs

Annie Lavoie, Communications Consultant

Funding

Canada Health Infoway

Linguistic revision

Marie-Guy Maynard, Certified Translator, Traductions MGM

Credit lines

iStock – Shutterstock

For reference

Paré, G. et al. (2017). Diffusion of Smart Devices for Health in Canada, CEFRIO, Montreal,

Quebec, Canada, 55 pp.

© CEFRIO 2017. All rights reserved. The information contained in this document cannot be used or reproduced by a third

party without written authorization from CEFRIO.

Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 4

Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5

Summary ................................................................................................................. 6

Research Objectives ............................................................................................... 7

Methodology and Profile of the Respondents ................................................... 8

Self-Tracking and Connected Health Technologies ......................................... 11

Use of mobile devices to monitor health ................................................................................... 12

Three distinct self-tracking profiles ............................................................................................ 14

Traditional trackers ................................................................................................................................................. 15

e-Trackers ................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Connected health and mobile applications ...................................................... 19

Who is using mobile apps? ........................................................................................................... 20

Motivations for using mobile apps ............................................................................................. 22

User experience .............................................................................................................................. 25

Data sharing .................................................................................................................................... 28

Users’ appreciation for their mobile health apps ..................................................................... 30

Perceived usefulness of mobile apps .............................................................................................................. 30

Ease of use of mobile apps ................................................................................................................................. 31

Confirmation of initial expectations ................................................................................................................ 32

User satisfaction ...................................................................................................................................................... 33

Intention to continue using mobile apps ...................................................................................................... 34

Smart Connected Devices/Wearables for Health and Well-being ................. 35

Familiarity with smart connected devices/wearables for health and well-being ................ 36

Who owns smart connected devices for health? ...................................................................... 38

Users’ appreciation of smart devices ......................................................................................... 42

Perceived usefulness of smart devices ........................................................................................................... 42

User-friendliness of smart devices ................................................................................................................... 44

Confirmation of initial expectations ................................................................................................................ 45

User satisfaction with smart devices ............................................................................................................... 45

Intention to continue using smart devices ................................................................................................... 46

Reasons for abandoning the use of smart connected devices related to health and well-being

........................................................................................................................................................................................ 47

The Future of Connected Health in Canada ...................................................... 49

Is there a future in Canada for consumer connected health technologies? ......................... 50

| 4 Diffusion of Smart Devices for Health in Canada

Acknowledgements

CEFRIO would like to thank Canada Health Infoway for its financial contribution to this project as

well as all the members of the research team and collaborators. A special word of thanks goes to

Professor Guy Paré, Holder of the Research Chair in Digital Health at HEC Montréal, who initiated

this project.


Introduction

The Internet of things, or Web 4.0, is considered the third wave of the Internet, following the social

Web (Web 2.0) and the semantic Web (Web 3.0). The Internet of things is a general term that refers

to smart devices used for a variety of purposes. A simple definition of a smart device would be a

device in the real world that is able to communicate. In 2015, there were 15 billion smart devices in

the world, and this number is expected to increase to 80 billion or 100 billion by 2020. Many of

these devices (smart bracelets, bathroom scales, toothbrushes, forks or pill dispensers) collect data

that are sent by the Internet to a data processing program to be analyzed for the benefit of the

user’s health and well-being. Most of these devices are intended to serve the Quantified Self (QS)

and self-tracking. The concept of self-tracking and self-quantifying are not new phenomenon. What

has changed, however, is the recent widespread use of smartphones and the emergence of

affordable sensing devices.

According to Emmanuel Gadenne (2011)1, QS is a movement that combines the tools, principles

and methods allowing each of us to know ourselves better and track data on our bodies, health,

general condition and the objectives we have set for ourselves. The main characteristic that sets

apart the QS from self-tracking is the transmission of user’s information or even comparing user’s

information with that of others. QS tools may be smart devices, mobile apps or Web applications.

For example, Apple’s Health Kit application, which is available on all its smartphones (the iPhone)

since 2014, can be used to analyze and process data collected by compatible smart devices. Of the

expected 80 billion to 100 billion smart devices in the world by 2020, approximately 26 billion will

be used to monitor aspects of personal health and well-being. According to Sebban (2015)2, smart

devices for health will purportedly make it possible for humans to live longer, live better and

continue to live at home. For this reason, it became important to survey Canadians on this subject.

This report presents the results of our national survey.

1 Emmanuel Gadenne (2011), The Quantified Self. 2 Eric Sebban (2015) Connected health: tomorrow, all doctors? A revolution with health professionals, for patients.


Summary

• The Diffusion of mobile health apps and smart connected devices in Canada study examines

Canadians’ use and intentions for using mobile apps and smart devices to monitor health

and well-being. It is the first national study of its kind in Canada, and the largest ever, world-

wide.

• The results of the study show an opportunity to advance the health of Canadians through

mobile apps and smart devices; and highlight important nuances to better understand key

market segments and opportunities.

• 32% of Canadian adults reported using one or more mobile apps to monitor aspects of

their health in the previous three months. Approximately one in four Canadian adults (24%)

currently owns at least one smart device for health and well-being.

• Canadians are tracking their health or well-being with mobile aps and smart connected

devices. Medical aspects of health, however, tend to be tracked by older Canadians using

traditional tools or methods (e.g., personal journal).

• Canadians currently using mobile apps or smart devices to track their health or well-being

are typically, younger adults (41%), employed (59%), university educated (55%) with an

annual family income of over $80,000 (46%); and generally healthy - only a small segment

(28%) of those who use mobile aps or smart connected devices reported living with a

specific chronic illness or condition or self-rate their health status as ‘fair/poor’.

• More specifically, Canadians with self-rated health status as ‘poor’ and/or those having one

or more chronic condition are less likely to track health and well-being using a smart

connected device.

• Results of this study can be used to set the national baseline for future studies in mobile

health apps and smart connected devices. The data are especially useful for developers and

health care organizations who are developing mHealth strategies to better understand the

current market and what practical next steps could be.


Research Objectives

This study set out to answer the following questions:

• What is the socio-demographic profile of self-tracking Canadian adults who use smart

health tools or traditional tools? What is the profile of Canadian adults who are not self-

tracking their health?

• To what extent are Canadian adults familiar with smart devices for health or well-being?

• What is the adoption rate of the currently available mobile apps and smart devices, and

which aspects of health require monitoring? What are the most popular smart devices for

health or well-being?

• What are the barriers to adopting mobile apps and smart devices for health and well-being?

• What are the perceived outcomes associated with using mobile apps and smart devices for

health and well-being?

• To what extent do Canadians share the data from mobile apps and smart devices for health

and well-being and, in particular, to what extent do they share the data with health

professionals?

• To what extent do they intend to keep using mobile apps and smart devices in the future?

• For what reasons do Canadian adults stop using mobile apps and smart devices for health

and well-being?


Methodology and Profile of the

Respondents

To answer the abovementioned research questions, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a

representative sample of 4,109 Canadian adults. The content of the questionnaire was developed

based on a review of the scientific literature on the subject and pretested on 50 respondents.

The data was collected by AC Nielsen Company of Canada Inc., and the initial sample was formed

by the Web panel of its partner, Toluna. The data were collected from January 11 to February 2,

2017. The questionnaire took 12 minutes, on average, to complete.

To ensure a representative sample, the quota method was used (sex, age) following stratification

by region. The maximum margin of error associated with our sample size is estimated at 1.6%,

19 times out of 20. The results were weighted based on the following variables: province, age and

gender (male, female).

Table 1. Profile of the sample based on the initial stratification

Region: QC ON MA SK AB BC NB NS PE NF

Total Gender x age

Men 18-34 years 132 221 21 18 70 74 12 15 2 8 573

Women 18-34 years 133 216 21 19 72 74 11 14 2 8 570

Men 35-54 years 178 305 26 21 83 104 18 22 3 13 773

Women 35-54 years 177 289 26 21 84 98 17 20 3 12 747

Men 55 years and older 196 292 27 23 66 106 20 24 4 13 771

Women 55 years and older 168 252 23 20 61 96 17 21 3 12 673

TOTAL 986 1,575 143 123 437 552 95 116 17 65 4,109

Table 2 presents a profile of the sample according to the usual socio-demographic variables, in

comparison with the total Canadian population.

Note on how to read the tables and figures in this report:

• Figures in red indicate results that are significantly higher than the total, in a confidence interval of at

least 95%.

• Figures in blue indicate results that are significantly lower than the total, in a confidence interval of at

least 95%.


Table 2. Profile of the sample in comparison with the target population

Sample

(n=4109)

Canadian

Population*

n % %

Gender

(StatCan 2016)

Male 2118 51% 51%

Female 1991 49% 49%

Age

(StatCan 2016)

18-34 1144 28% 26%**

35-54 1520 37% 35%

55+ 1445 35% 39%

Region

(StatCan 2016)

Atlantic provinces 293 7% 7%

Quebec 986 24% 23%

Ontario 1575 38% 39%

Manitoba and

Saskatchewan

266 7% 7%

Alberta 437 11% 12%

B.C. and N.W.T. 552 13% 13%

Gross family income

in 2016

(StatCan 2014)

<$20k 268 7% 5%

>=$20k and <$40k 583 14% 12%

>=$40k and <$60k 614 15% 15%

>=$60k and <$80k 561 14% 14%

>=$80k and <$100k 498 12% 13%

>=$100k and <$200k 815 20% 32%

>=$200k 149 4% 9%

Level of education

(StatCan 2011)

High school or college 2051 51% 69%

Undergraduate 1300 32% 25%

Graduate 660 17% 6%

Occupation

(StatCan 2015)

Workers 2386 59% 61%

Students 151 4% 7%

Retirees 937 23% 17%

Other 580 14% 15%

Perceived health

(Health Canada 2014)

Poor or Fair 402 10% 12%

Good 2070 50% 29%

Very good or excellent 1638 40% 59%

Chronic disease(s)

(Health Canada 2014)

Yes 1281 32% 38%

No 2735 68% 62%

Language used to

complete the

questionnaire

English 3644 89%

French 465 11%

* The source is indicated under the name of each variable.

** 20-34 years.



Self-Tracking and Connected Health Technologies


Use of mobile devices to monitor health

The use of a mobile device with Internet access is the basic condition for connected health

monitoring, whether you are interested in tracking your weight, eating habits, sleep quality, mood,

physical activity, blood pressure or blood sugar level.

According to our survey data, in 2017, 78% of Canadian adults owned a smartphone (e.g. Apple

iPhone, Samsung Galaxy, Google Nexus, Microsoft Lumia or Sony Xperia) and used it to download

mobile apps, among other things.3 According to the Pew Research Center,4 in the U.S. this rate was

77% in 2016. Our results also indicate that 57% of Canadian adults own a tablet computer (e.g.

Apple iPad, Samsung Galaxy Tab, Google Nexus Tablet or Sony Xperia Tablet) that allows them to

download mobile apps. The Pew Research Center has also reported that in 2016, 51% of Americans

18 years of age or older owned a tablet.5

These results are comparable with those reported by the CRTC, which found that in 2016, 73% of

Canadian adults owned a smartphone and 52% of Canadian adults owned a tablet.6 Based on our

overall findings, 86% of all our respondents own at least one of these digital devices.

In 2017, 86% of Canadian adults own a smartphone or a tablet that they use on a daily basis

to read the news, go on Facebook, check the weather forecast, listen to the radio, etc.

As shown in Figure 1, young adults aged 18 to 34 years use mobile devices at a higher rate (97%,

compared to 90% among 35 to 54 year-olds and 74% among people 55 or older). Furthermore,

Alberta has the highest rate of mobile device users: 92%.

3 A mobile application or “app” is a program, free or not, that can be downloaded to a smartphone or tablet to execute specific functions. 4 See http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/ 5 See http://www.pewresearch.org/data-trend/media-and-technology/device-ownership/ 6 See http://www.crtc.gc.ca/fra/publications/reports/PolicyMonitoring/2015/cmr5.htm

http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/

http://www.pewresearch.org/data-trend/media-and-technology/device-ownership/

http://www.crtc.gc.ca/fra/publications/reports/PolicyMonitoring/2015/cmr5.htm


Whether to read the news, go on Facebook, check the weather forecast or listen to the radio, the

Canadian adults we surveyed consult the Internet daily on a smartphone or a tablet. Our findings

indicate that 53% do this several times per day.

86%

86%

86%

97%

90%

74%

83%

84%

87%

84%

92%

88%

71%

79%

85%

87%

91%

94%

94%

82%

90%

91%

93%

95%

71%

84%

Total

Male

Female

18-34

35-54

55+

ATL

QC

ON

MB/SK

ALB

CB

Less than 20k$

20-40k$

40-60k$

60-80k$

80-100k$

100-200k$

200k$ or more

Secondary or college

Undergraduate university

Graduate university

Workers

Students

Retired

Other

Gen

der

Ag

eR

eg

ion

Fam

ily In

com

e (

2016)

Level o

f

ed

uca

tio

nO

ccu

pati

on

Figure 1. Profile of the respondents who own a smart phone

and/or tablet

Base: All respondents (n=4 109)


Three distinct self-tracking profiles

A majority of Canadian adults (66%) regularly track one or more aspects of their health or well-

being, such as their weight, blood sugar, blood pressure, level of physical activity, physical workout

performance or sleep quality. We call this “self-tracking behaviour.”

Our survey found three distinct categories of self-tracking behaviour among Canadian adults:

In this report, the term “non trackers” refers to adults who do not regularly monitor one or more

aspects of their personal health or well-being. This group comprises as many men (50%) as women

(50%). They are found in all the age groups (23% are 18 to 34 years old, 39% are 35 to 54 years and

39% are 55 years or older). They have slightly less education (39% have a university degree) and

slightly less annual income (56% reported an income of less than $80,000). Less than half of this

group (45%) is unemployed. In terms of Internet use, only 77% use the Internet daily, and among

this group, only 24% reported a specific illness or chronic condition.

“Not interested” was by far the most common reason given by these adults for not tracking any

aspect of their health or well-being.

34%

26%

40%

Non trackers

Traditional trackers

e-trackers

Figure 2. Three categories of self-tracking behavior

for Canadian adults



Traditional trackers

By “traditional trackers” we mean adults who regularly monitor one or more aspects of their health

or well-being using means other than a mobile app or smart device. This may be by simply

recording the information in writing (on paper, or in a journal or notebook) or by remembering the

information. Like the “non-trackers” group, this group counts as many men (50%) as women (50%).

They are more likely to have a specific illness or chronic condition (46%), and most of them are

older (53% are 55 years old or older). These adults reported slightly less education (48% have a

university degree) and a somewhat lower family income (54% had an income below $80,000). Some

53% of them are unemployed, and 77% of them use the Internet daily.

24%

24%

24%

21%

19%

12%

11%

10%

1%

19%

The information given by their physician

regarding their health is sufficient

Not interested

Not interested because of their good or

excellent health condition

Have other priorities at this time in life

Not disciplined enough for this kind of activity

Would not know what to do with the

information collected

Would not know what information to collect or

how to collect it

Do not have the time to be taking such

measures themselves

The information given by their personal trainer

on their physical condition is sufficient

No specific reason

Figure 3. Reasons mentioned by Canadian adults

for not monitoring aspects of their health or well-being on a regular basis

Base: Respondents who do not measure any aspect of their health (n=1 389)


In Figure 4, we compare traditional trackers to e-trackers - respondents who track aspects of their

health or well-being using a mobile app and/or a smart connected device. Weight-related

information is the main aspect of health or well-being regularly monitored by Canadian traditional

trackers, accounting for 56 % of this group. The other aspects of health that they track more

systematically are regular physical activity, nutrition and eating habits, dental health, use of

medication and sleep.

42%

37%

56%

30%

6%

29%

7%

32%

24%

37%

64%

41%

36%

36%

19%

16%

13%

9%

6%

4%

Regular physical activity

Nutrition and eating habits

Weight-related information

Sleep

Competition and performance in

sports

Cardiovascular, lung or respiratory

airway health

Sexual and reproductive health

Use of medication

Diabetes and other metabolism-

related conditions

Dental health

Figure 4. Aspects of health or well-being that are regularly

monitored by traditional or e-trackers

Traditional trackers (n= 1 051)

e-trackers (n=1 669)

Base: Traditional trackers (n=1 051) or e-trackers(n=1 669)


In general, most Canadian adults who regularly track one or more aspects of their health or well-

being using traditional means do so by simply recording the information in writing (on paper or in

a journal or notebook) or just remembering the information. Figure 5 presents detailed results on

how traditional trackers keep track of health or well-being information.

e-Trackers

The term “e-trackers” refers to adults who regularly track one or more aspects of their health or well-

being using a mobile app or smart device to monitor certain health or well-being issues. As in the two

other groups, this group counts as many men (50%) as women (50%). However, most of them are

younger adults (41% aged 18 to 34 years, and 38% aged 35 to 54 years). They are active members of

the workforce (59% are employed) and more highly educated (55% with a university degree), reporting

an annual family income of over $80,000 (46%). Most e-trackers use the Internet on a daily basis (94%).

A total of 28% of these adults reported a specific chronic illness or condition. Table 3 presents the profile

of adult Canadians who belong to each of the three abovementioned groups.

46%

31%

10%

8%

4%

They simply keep track of their data in

their head

They write their data down on paper, in

a personal journal or in a notebook

They enter and save their data in a

program on their computer, tablet or

smartphone (e.g. an Excel spreadsheet

or a table in Word or in an app)

They use some other means

They access the internet or a website to

enter and save their data on a patient

portal or other site (e.g. a personal

patient record)

Figure 5. Methods used for keeping track of the data regarding

health or well-being collected by traditional means

Base: Respondents who monitor aspects of their health or well-being on a regular basis , using

traditional means (n=1 051)


Table 3. Socio-demographic profiles of adult Canadians according to their self-

tracking profile

e-trackers Traditional

trackers

Non trackers

χ2 test*

n = 1 669

(40%)

n = 1 051

(26%)

n = 1 389

(34%)

Gender Male 39% 27% 34% No

p=.112 Female 40% 24% 36%

Age 18-34 60% 13% 27% Yes

p<.001 35-54 42% 23% 35%

55+ 24% 39% 37%

Region Atlantic provinces 37% 27% 36%

Yes

p<.05

Quebec 37% 26% 37%

Ontario 41% 26% 33%

Manitoba and Sask. 40% 24% 35%

Alberta 48% 24% 28%

British Columbia 42% 25% 33%

Gross family

income in 2016

<$20k 29% 32% 39%

Yes

p<.001

>=$20k and <$40k 33% 27% 40%

>=$40k and <$60k 33% 28% 39%

>=$60k and <$80k 39% 28% 33%

>=$80k and <$100k 49% 22% 29%

>=$100k and <$200k 53% 24% 23%

>=$200k 55% 17% 28%

Level of

education

High school or college 35% 26% 39% Yes

p<.001 Undergraduate 47% 25% 29%

Graduate 48% 26% 26%

Occupation Workers 49% 19% 32%

Yes

p<.001 Students 50% 15% 35%

Retirees 22% 41% 37%

Other 35% 27% 38%

Perceived

health

Poor or Fair 39% 32% 29%

Yes

p<.05 Good 40% 26% 34%

Very good or excellent 41% 25% 34%

Chronic

disease(s)

Yes 36% 38% 26% Yes

p<.001 No 43% 20% 37%

* This test measures whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between subgroups on a given

variable.


Connected health and mobile applications


Who is using mobile apps?

In the Canadian adult population, the younger you are, the more likely you are to be using mobile

apps to monitor certain aspects of health or well-being (Figure 6). When all age groups are

combined, 32% of Canadian adults reported using one or more mobile apps to monitor aspects of

their health in the previous three months. Among Canadian adults under 35 years of age, one out

of every two people (51% of respondents) used a mobile app to monitor aspects of their health or

well-being in the previous three months.

32% of Canadian adults, or 38% of those who own a smartphone or tablet, used one or more

mobile apps to monitor aspects of their health or well-being in the previous three months.

Breaking down the results by region, Alberta has the highest rate of adults using mobile apps to

monitor aspects of their health and well-being: 40%, compared to 32 % for Canada as a whole. In

the U.S., a study conducted in 2016 by Accenture7 found that 33 % of American adults use such

applications. Another study by Salesforce8 also conducted in the U.S. in 2016, estimated this rate at

42 %. Canadians therefore use mobile apps to monitor aspects of their health or well-being at a

rate similar to that in the U.S

7 Source: Patients want a heavy dose of digital, Accenture Digital, 2016. 8 Source: Connected Patient Report: insights into patient preferences on telemedicine, wearables and post-discharge care, Salesforce Research, 2017.


32%

51%

33%

23%

11%

33%

32%

26%

30%

33%

33%

40%

33%

26%

28%

30%

39%

43%

Total

Under 35

35-54

55-64

65 or more

Female

Male

ATL

QC

ON

MB/SK

ALB

CB

Less than 40 k$

40-59 k$

60-79 k$

80-99 k$

100 k$ more

Ag

eG

en

der

Reg

ion

Fam

ily In

com

e

Figure 6. Canadian adults who have used at least one mobile app

to monitor aspects of their health or well-being in the last 3

months



Motivations for using mobile apps

The use of mobile health apps is mainly the result of motivations tied to well-being rather than any

motivations directly related to health problems. There is no difference in the self-reported health

status of users of mobile health apps, 90 % of respondents using mobile health apps believe that

they are in good, very good or excellent health.

Canadian adults use mobile health apps mainly to know more about their condition and monitor

changes in parameters that they consider important to their health and well-being. This applies

specifically to 58 % of the adults we surveyed who had downloaded and used one or more mobile

apps to monitor aspects of their health and well-being over the previous three months. Another of

the most common motivations was for the day-to-day encouragement that these devices provide

as people strive to meet their health objectives (53 % of the mobile app users surveyed) as well as

to monitor progress in their athletic training (42 % of mobile app users).

Figure 7 provides detailed information on the importance that Canadian adults ascribe to various

sources of motivation for using mobile health apps.


54%

40%

38%

37%

37%

34%

24%

19%

7%

5%

8%

10%

14%

12%

14%

11%

12%

12%

9%

7%

17%

24%

24%

24%

26%

24%

30%

28%

31%

30%

12%

16%

15%

17%

15%

21%

23%

27%

32%

36%

9%

10%

9%

10%

8%

10%

11%

15%

21%

22%

Getting help to take their medication on

time, as prescribed

Monitor one or more issues related to

one or more chronic illnesses

Improve communication with their

physician or another health professional

Better follow the treatment plan

prescribed by my physician or another

health professional

Reduce the number of times they need

to see their doctor

Maintain or improve their autonomy at

home

Break a bad habit related to their health

Monitor progress made their athletic

training

Getting daily encouragement toward

reaching personal health goals

Know themselves better and monitor

changes that they consider important

for their health

Figure 7. Sources of motivation to use mobile apps to monitor

health or well-being

Not at all Mildly Somewhat Rather strongly Very strongly

Base: Respondents who have downloaded at least one health-related mobile app and used it

in the last 3 months (n=1 335)


Our survey also found that certain adults who had mobile apps on their smartphones or tablets for

monitoring certain aspects of their health simply did not use them or stopped using them in the previous

three months. This was the case for 11 % of the adults with these mobile apps. A significant portion

of this group (47 %) said that after a certain amount of time they had just lost interest in this type

of application. Figure 8 presents detailed information on the reasons why respondents did not use

(or abandoned the use of) mobile apps related to monitoring their health or well-being.

47%

21%

18%

13%

11%

11%

10%

10%

6%

5%

5%

2%

18%

After a while, they just lost interest in this type of app

Entering data (e.g. on weight, distance covered, blood

sugar level) in an app is too time-consuming

At one point they found that they weren't learning

anything new

Had doubts about the reliability of the information

generated by the app

Didn't like the idea of sharing their personal

information with other people

Worried that their data would be transmitted without

my permission/consent

Worried that unauthorized third parties would make

inappropriate use of their personal data

The app was too complicated to use

They weren't able to reach their personal goals

The app that they were using just stopped working

well

There were hidden costs associated with using the app

Worried that using these apps could become an

obsession

No specific reason

Figure 8. Reasons explaining the non-use of mobile apps

to monitor health or well-being

Base: Respondents who have downloaded at least one health-related mobile app but who have not

used it in the last 3 months (n=162)


User experience The use of mobile health apps is a relatively recent phenomenon in Canada, but we should expect

that this use will spread quickly. This is evident in our results, as 62 % of the Canadian adults we

surveyed have been using their application(s) for less than one year.

With regard to the number of mobile apps used by Canadian adults, most respondents, 74 % use

only one or two mobile apps to monitor their health or well-being.

20%

21%

21%

22%

13%

Less than 3 months

Between 3 and 6 months


Between 1 and 2 years


Figure 9. Experience using mobile apps

to monitor health or well-being


in the previous 3 months (n=1 335)

42%

32%

14%

10%

1 mobile app

2 mobile apps

3 mobile apps

4 mobile apps or more

Figure 10. Number of health or well-being mobile apps

used by respondents in the previous 3 months




Now let us look at aspects of health or well-being that are monitored and tracked using mobile

apps. Our results clearly underscore aspects of well-being (rather than illness). Among the

respondents who regularly use mobile apps:

• 64 % monitor their physical activity

• 41 % monitor their nutrition and eating habits

• 36 % monitor their weight

• 36 % monitor their sleep

• 19 % monitor their sports performance

As presented below in Table 4, we compare results from our survey of Canadians to two recent

studies. According to the Accenture survey mentioned earlier, U.S. adults are interested in e-

tracking certain aspects of their physical activity and eating habits for essentially the same reasons

as Canadians. Much like in our sample of Canadian adults, few U.S. adults use mobile apps to

monitor certain aspects of their health, such as their use of medication (only 12% of U.S. adults

compared to 9% of Canadian adults). Surprisingly, another survey conducted in Germany in 2015,

found that 44% of German adults aged 35 years or older use connected mobile apps to e-track

their use of tobacco.


Table 4. Certain aspects of health and well-being that are tracked using mobile apps (n=1 335)

Rank Aspect

Canadian

Adults

CEFRIO

(2017)

U.S. Adults

Accenture

(2016)79

German

Adults

Pfizer

Deutschland

GmbH (2015)10

1 Regular physical activity

Training guides/routines; advice on active living; history of physical activity; calculations of distance

covered or calories burned

64% 59% 17%

2 Nutrition and eating habits

Guides/programs/tools for balanced nutrition; meal calorie calculator

41% 52% 39%

3 Weight-related information Monitoring weight or waistline; calculator of body

mass index

36%

4 Sleep Monitoring sleep quality and/or hours slept;

advice/tools for better sleep – music, alarms, etc.; monitoring sleep conditions, such as snoring or sleep

apnea

36%

5 Competition and performance in sports

Training guides, as a record of sports performance; calculations of distance covered or calories burned

19%

6 Cardiovascular, lung or respiratory airway health Tools/advice for monitoring blood pressure, heart

rate, pulse, asthma, oxygen levels

16% 10%

7 Mental and emotional health Monitoring mood/emotional state; stress

management; guides/tools for meditation/relaxation or motivation; monitoring/guides/tools for memory,

attention, cognitive skills

14%

8 Sexual and reproductive health

Women: menstrual cycle; guides/advice on monitoring a pregnancy or the postnatal period

Men: guides/advice for sexual health

13%

9 Use of medication

Monitoring medication use; identifying side effects or contraindications

9% 12% 9%

10 Diabetes and other metabolism-related conditions

Sugar, cholesterol 6% 3%

11 Tobacco dependence 5% 44%

12 Dental health 4%

13 Alcohol and drugs 3%

Note: Our survey included new measures and administered measures from the Accenture and Pfizer Deutschland

GmbH studies. Comparable data are shown where the same question was administered.

9 Source: Patients want a heavy dose of digital, Accenture Digital, 2016. 10 Source: Using health apps to manage and change behaviors, Pfizer Deutschland GmbH, 2015.


Data sharing

At this time, there are still relatively few users who regularly share the data captured by and stored

in mobile apps they currently use to monitor certain aspects of their health and well-being. In fact,

only 35% of the Canadian adults we surveyed who use mobile apps reported that they share their

data (Figure 11). However, as shown in Figure 12, when they do share health data, it is primarily

with family members and friends. Canadian adults are also in the habit of sharing their data with

health professionals such as their doctor (34% of respondents), a nutritionist (10%), a pharmacist

(9%), a personal trainer (9%), a nurse where they access care (7%) or a therapist (4%).

35%

65%

Yes

No

Figure 11. Sharing of the data recorded on mobile apps

with other people




61%

50%

34%

20%

12%

10%

9%

9%

7%

4%

Family members (e.g. spouse, brother/sister,

child)

Friends

Their doctor

Other users of the same mobile app

Individuals or groups on social media

Their nutritionist

Their pharmacist

Their personal trainer (coach)

A nurse where they access care

Their therapist

Figure 12. Sharing of the data recorded on mobile apps

with other people

Base: Respondents who share the data recorded on their health-related mobile apps with other people (n=466)


Users’ appreciation for their mobile health apps

Perceived usefulness of mobile apps

Mobile health apps are considered useful (Figure 13). In our survey, 61% of the users of such apps

reported that, overall, they have proven very useful in their lives. For 58% of respondents, the mobile

apps they use help them better understand their health status. In terms of impact, 54% of Canadians

using mobile health apps say that their health status has improved due to their use of these apps.

Our results also indicate that, due to their use of mobile apps, 42% of respondents have more

informed discussions with their doctors. As we have seen above, people are not yet in the habit of

sharing the health data from their mobile apps with their doctors: only one user out of nine is

currently doing this.

Respondents who downloaded at least one health-related mobile app and used it


58%

51%

54%

61%

52%

34%

42%

48%

30%

36%

34%

29%

34%

44%

38%

38%

12%

12%

12%

10%

14%

22%

21%

14%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Thanks to their health app(s), they have learned to bebetter informed about their health

Their use of app(s) allows them to be moreautonomous in the management of their health

They have maintained or improved their health statusby using health app(s)

Overall, health apps have proved very useful in theirlives

Their knowledge of their health has improved becauseof their use of health app(s)

Because of their use of health apps, they feel lessanxious about their health

Because of their use of health app(s), they feel theycan have more informed discussions with their doctor

They feel more confident taking care of their healthsince they use health app(s)

Figure 13. Perceived usefulness of mobile health apps

Somewhat or strongly disagree Neutral Somewhat or strongly agree


Ease of use of mobile apps

A majority of users find that their mobile applications for health and well-being are easy to use. In

general, 76% of respondents reported that they strongly agreed or somewhat agreed with the

statement that they find their mobile apps easy to use.

Base: Respondents who downloaded at least one health-related mobile app and used it


74%

74%

76%

76%

19%

18%

17%

17%

7%

8%

7%

7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Learning how to use their apps was easy

They find their apps user-friendly

The information provided by their apps is easy to

understand and interpret

In general, they find it easy to use their apps

Figure 14. The user-friendliness of mobile health apps



Confirmation of initial expectations

As for initial expectations related to personal use of mobile apps to monitor health and well-being,

59 % of respondents reported that their personal expectations on how they would use mobile apps

had been confirmed. Given that 41 % of respondents were neutral to or disagreed with this

statement, we believe that there is room for improvement and industry should further study the

expectations of current and future users.



58%

56%

59%

33%

32%

33%

9%

12%

8%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Using their apps turned out to be easier than they

first thought

There were more benefits to using their apps than

they first thought

Their expectations concerning how they would use

their apps have been confirmed so far

Figure 15. Confirmation of initial expectations



User satisfaction

As indicated in Figure 16, slightly more than 70% of the users surveyed said that they were satisfied

with their use of health-related mobile apps.



72%

71%

58%

20%

21%

33%

8%

7%

10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

They are satisfied with their use of apps

They are pleased with their use of apps

They are delighted with their use of apps

Figure 16. Satisfaction with the use of mobile apps



Intention to continue using mobile apps

The satisfaction of users is apparent with their intentions to continue using mobile health apps. A

total of 72% of the users surveyed reported having every intention of continuing to use them.



72%

69%

73%

20%

22%

20%

7%

8%

7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

They have every intention to continue using

health apps in the future

They do not intend to stop using health apps in

the future

They will continue to use health apps to measure

different aspects of their health and well-being

Figure 17. Intention to continue using mobile apps



Smart Connected Devices/Wearables for Health and Well-being


Familiarity with smart connected

devices/wearables for health and well-being

What is a smart connected device for health?

A smart connected device/wearable for health is an electronic device or clothing article that

automatically captures data on certain aspects of one’s health or well-being, such as pulse, weight,

performance in sports, sleep quality, body temperature or blood pressure, and then transfers these

data to a mobile app on a smartphone or tablet, or to an application on a computer, for analysis.

In Canada at the time of our survey, 74% of adults (or 86% of adults with a smartphone or tablet)

had already heard of smart connected devices for tracking certain aspects of health or well-being

(Figure 18). However, the level of familiarity remains relatively low, since only 16% of respondents

who had already heard of them reported being “very” or “extremely” familiar with them.

It is in Quebec where we found the smallest proportion (65%) of adults who had already heard of

smart connected devices for health or well-being (Figure 19). It is possible that language is the

cause, since most smart connected devices currently available are marketed by companies from

74%

12%

14%

Yes

No

Do not own smart devices

Figure 18. Familiarity of smart connected devices/wearables

for tracking health and well-being



outside Quebec, so the documentation that is available on the Internet is often first published in

English or initially available in English only - depending on initial and long-term marketing

strategies for the Canadian market.

We also found that familiarity with smart connected devices for health and well-being varies

depending on age and income. Younger respondents and respondents with higher revenues were

more likely to be familiar with these products.

74%

82%

79%

68%

56%

74%

75%

75%

65%

76%

74%

84%

77%

62%

69%

74%

81%

86%

Total

Under 35

35-54

55-64

65 or more

Female

Male

ATL

QC

ON

MB/SK

ALB

CB

Less than 40 k$

40-59 k$

60-79 k$

80-99 k$

100 k$ more

Ag

eG

en

der

Reg

ion

Fam

ily In

com

e

Figure 19. Proportion of Canadians that heard of smart

devices/wearables for health and well-being



Who owns smart connected devices for health?

Currently, approximately one in four Canadian adults (24 %) owns at least one smart connected

device for health and well-being (Figure 20). According to the Accenture survey11 of U.S. adults in

2016, 21 % of adult Americans owned one. The Salesforce survey12 found this rate to be 27 %.

24% of Canadian adults, or 29 % of those who own a smartphone or a tablet, own at least

one smart connected device that captures data for their health or well-being.

11 Source : The Accenture survey (2016) 12 Source : The Salesforce survey

14%

6%

4%

62%

14%

Yes, and they use them

Yes, but they have stopped using them

Yes, but they have never used them

No

Do not own a smartphone/tablet

Figure 20. Possession of smart connected devices/wearables for

health



Of those who possess smart connected devices for health and well-being, 70% have only one, 21%

have two and only 9% have three or more. On average, Canadian adults currently own and use 1.5

smart connected devices for health and well-being.

Since these products are relatively new on the market, a majority of Canadian adults (84%) have

been using them for less than two years, as shown in Figure 22 below.

70%

21%

9%

1 smart device

2 smart devices

3 smart devices or more

Figure 21. Number of smart connected devices/weaerables

used (average 1.5)

Base: Respondents who own and use a smart connected device for health and well-being (n=580)

18%

16%

20%

30%

15%

1%

Less than 3 months





Don't really remember

Figure 22. Duration of use of smart connected

devices/wearables

Base: Respondents who own and use a smart connected device for health and well being (n=580)


To date, the most popular smart device is by far the bracelet or watch, which is owned by 88% of

respondents with at least one smart device for health or well-being. Over time, the types of smart

connected devices and the value they provide to users and other determinants of market presence

and dominance will become more apparent.

88%

21%

13%

8%

7%

6%

5%

4%

4%

3%

2%

2%

Bracelet, wristband, or watch

Bathroom scale

Pedometer (steps walked or run)

Blood pressure monitor

Toothbrush

Pulse oximeter or spirometer

(respiratory functions)

Thermometer

Glucose monitor

Intelligent clothing (e.g. pants, shirt, t-

shirt, socks, hat, belt, shoe soles)

Spirometer (respiratory functions)

Intelligent pill dispenser

Fork (eating speed, calories consumed)

Figure 23. Types of smart devices used for health and well-being

Base: Respondents who own and use a smart device for health (n=580)


Without question, it is the wealthiest adults who are current users of smart devices for health and

well-being, since the utilization rate among adults with annual family incomes of $100,000 or more

is 22% compared to a rate of 7% among adults with incomes of less than $40,000 (Figure 24).

Younger adults are also the most active users of smart devices. For example, the utilization rate

among adults aged 18 to 34 years is 18%.

We also found that the utilization rate is higher among adults in Alberta (18%) and Ontario (15%)

compared to Quebec (11%). In addition, and just as we found with connected mobile health apps,

Quebec had the lowest utilization rate of smart devices for health in all of Canada.

14%

18%

15%

12%

7%

14%

14%

12%

11%

15%

13%

18%

15%

7%

9%

13%

19%

22%

Total

Under 35

35-54

55-64

65 or more

Female

Male

ATL

QC

ON

MB/SK

ALB

CB

Less than 40 k$

40-59 k$

60-79 k$

80-99 k$

100 k$ more

Ag

eG

en

der

Reg

ion

Fam

ily In

com

e

Figure 24. Adults who use one or more smart connected device(s)

related to health and well-being

Base: All respondents

(n=4 109)


Users’ appreciation of smart devices

There are many similarities between users’ appreciation for smart connected devices for health and

their appreciation for mobile apps for health and well-being. In both cases, the benefits associated

with using a smart device/wearable or a mobile app and their ease of use positively contribute to a

sense of satisfaction in the user, and this leads to an intention to continue using the device or app.

As discussed in detail below, users’ appreciation for smart devices is slightly greater than that found

among users of mobile apps for health and well-being, resulting in a stronger desire to continue

using smart devices (88%) compared to mobile apps (72%).

Perceived usefulness of smart devices

In our survey, 77% of the users of smart connected devices for health and well-being reported that,

overall, these devices have proven to be very useful in their lives (compared to 61% for mobile apps)

(Figure 25). Some 69% of users said that they have maintained or improved their health status by

using smart connected devices (compared to 54% for mobile apps).

As was the case for mobile apps, the data collected by patients’ smart connected devices for health

are not being discussed with their physicians, since only 41% of these patients reported that having

more informed discussions with their doctors is due to their use of these devices (compared to 42%

for mobile apps).



41%

45%

57%

58%

60%

67%

77%

69%

43%

41%

37%

34%

31%

25%

18%

26%

16%

14%

6%

9%

9%

8%

5%

5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Because of their use of smart devices, they feel

they can have more informed discussions with

their doctor

Because of their use of smart devices, they feel

less anxious about their health

Their use of smart devices allows them to be more

autonomous in the management of their health

They feel more confident taking care of their

health since they use smart devices

Their knowledge of their health has improved

because of their use of smart devices

Thanks to their smart devices, they have learned

to be better informed about their health

Overall, smart devices have proved very useful in

their lives

They have maintained or improved their health

status by using smart devices

Figure 25. Perceived usefulness of smart connected devices



User-friendliness of smart devices

A majority of those who use smart connected devices for health and well-being find them easy to

use. Generally speaking, 87% of respondents reported that they strongly or somewhat agreed

with the statement that they find their smart connected devices easy to use (Figure 26). This

exceeds the 76% obtained for mobile apps.


85%

86%

84%

87%

10%

10%

11%

10%

5%

4%

5%

3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

The information provided by their app(s) iseasy to understand and interpret

They find their smart devices user-friendly

Learning how to use their smart devices waseasy

In general, they find it easy to use their smartdevices

Figure 26. User-friendliness of smart connected devices



Confirmation of initial expectations

A total of 77% of respondents reported that their initial expectations concerning their smart devices

for health have been confirmed. This compares with 59% of the users of mobile apps. For 70% of

the respondents, their smart devices were easier to use than they first thought, compared to only

56% of the users of mobile apps.


User satisfaction with smart devices

While slightly more than 70% of the users of mobile apps reported that they were satisfied with

such use, 83% of the users of smart devices for health were satisfied.

Base: Respondents who own and use a smart connected device health and well-being (n=580)

67%

70%

77%

26%

24%

19%

7%

6%

5%

There were more benefits to using their smart

devices than they first thought

Using their smart device(s) turned out to be easier

than they first thought

Their expectations concerning how they would use

their smart devices have been confirmed so far

Figure 27. Confirmation of initial expectations


83%

83%

76%

12%

12%

20%

5%

5%

4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

They are satisfied with their use of smart devices

They are pleased with their use of smart devices

They are delighted with their use of smart devices

Figure 28. Satisfaction with the use of smart connected devices



Intention to continue using smart devices

The level of user satisfaction with smart devices for health and well-being (83%) is also reflected in

respondents’ intentions to continue such use, since 88% reported that they have every intention

of continuing to use them, compared to only 72% among the users of mobile apps we surveyed.


88%

85%

85%

8%

11%

12%

4%

4%

3%

0% 50% 100%

They have every intention of continuing to use

smart devices for health in the future

They have no intention of stopping their use of

smart devices for health in the future

They will continue to use smart devices to measure

different aspects of their health and well-being

Figure 29. Intention to continue using smart connected devices



Reasons for abandoning the use of smart connected devices related to health and

well-being

As shown in Figure 30, loss of interest in smart devices is the main reason why 44% of respondents

with such devices have stopped using them.

44%

20%

19%

15%

15%

12%

12%

10%

7%

7%

8%

After a while, they just lost interest in this kind of

device

The device(s) they had simply stopped working

well

Didn’t like carrying or wearing this type of device

with/on them

Had doubts about the reliability of the

information generated by the device(s) used

Had acquired this type of device more out of

curiosity

This type of device didn’t meet their personal

expectations

Capturing data with this type of device took too

much of their time

Didn’t like taking the time to synch their device

with the mobile app it came with

Found this type of object too complicated to use

Weren't able to attain the objectives they had set

for themselves

For no particular reason

Figure 30. Reasons for abandoning the use of smart connected devices

related to health and well-being

Base: Respondents who stopped using their smart connected device(s) (n=259)



The Future of Connected Health in Canada


Is there a future in Canada for consumer

connected health technologies? Given our results, there is a future in Canada for consumer connected health technologies.

According to our survey, 35% of Canadian adults already use smart devices for health and well-

being. They are young and well-educated, and often have higher-than-average incomes. In general,

they are satisfied with their experience using these tools, and they intend to continue using them.

In 2011, Cisco forecasted that by 2020, every citizen connected to the internet globally will own an

average of 6.58 smart devices13. In France, 61% of adults already believe that smart devices will

become indispensable, much like the Internet and smartphones have become indispensable.14

CIRANO conducted a population-based survey of 1,008 adults in Quebec in early 2017 and found

that 46% of respondents are favourable to using devices connected to the Internet (n=1008).15

Since connected smart devices/wearables are relatively new on the market they constitute a small

portion of overall connected devices per person only 1.5 smart connected devices are currently

used by adult Canadians.

13 http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf 14 Source: Sociovision, 2015. 15 Source: Baromètre CIRANO 2017

Connected Devices per Person (Cisco forecast) 2003

0.08

6.3 B 500 M

2020

6.58

7.6 B 50 B

2010

1.84

6.8 B 12.5 B

2015

3.47

7.2 B 25 B

World population

Connected devices

http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf


Furthermore, the general adult population has relatively limited knowledge of the value of smart

connected devices for health and well-being, such that 47% of Canadian adults who don’t currently

own a smart connected device for health and well-being currently do not see the interest in owning

such digital tools (see Figure 31). Other obstacles from development costs, production supply chain;

to price, data quality and security are undoubtedly among key barriers to advancing access,

adoption and use of these devices.

Developers and marketing strategies for smart connected devices in the context of health and well-

being will likely need to demonstrate clinical and/or value-based outcomes to appeal to consumer

communities and face regulatory requirements in order to realize projected market penetration

estimates.

47%

41%

18%

17%

13%

11%

8%

6%

4%

4%

15%

Not interested

Smart devices are too expensive

Lack of enough knowledge about the benefits of

these smart devices

Doubts about the reliability of the measures they

take

Concern that unauthorized third parties will make

inappropriate use of personal data

Concern with the possibility of intrusion into

individual privacy

Concern with the possibility of not knowing how to

use these smart devices

Concern with the possibility that the use of those

devices will become an obsession

Concern with the possibility of becoming dependent

on these devices

Doctor does not seem to have any interest in these

smart devices

No specific reason

Figure 31. Reasons non users currently do not own a smart

conneted device for health and well-being

Base: Respondents who do not own smart devices (n=2 035)


Since the general population of non-users has limited knowledge of the value proposition for

mobile apps and smart connected devices for health and well-being, intentions to buy one are also

relatively low. Only 15% of the adults surveyed reported that they intend to buy one in the next 12

months.

However, if we examine the list of smart devices that respondents reported wanting to buy in the

future, we see that the connected watch is not the only device on the list, which includes devices

like pedometers, blood pressure monitors and bathroom scales.

38%

16%

22%

14%

1%

9%

Not at all likely

Very unlikely

Unlikely

Somewhat likely

Very likely

Don’t' know

Figure 32. Intention to buy a smart connected device for health

or well-being in the next 12 months

Base: Respondents who do not own smart devices (n=2 035)


Lastly, our results reveal that relatively few users of smart connected devices and mobile apps are

sharing their data with their doctors. In the U.S., a Salesforce Research survey found that 78% of the

adults who own such devices would like their doctor to have access to the data. In a recent survey

of Canadians conducted by Canada Infoway, 67% of users of smart connected devices and/or

mobile health apps said they would share information from their devices/apps if their doctor

requested it.16

16 https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/component/edocman/resources/reports/privacy/3348-earnscliffe-survey-on-

electronic-health-information-and-privacy?Itemid=101

60%

39%

24%

21%

15%

12%

9%

9%

8%

8%

5%

5%

8%

Bracelet, wristband, or watch

Pedometer

Blood pressure monitor

Bathroom scale

Toothbrush

Other connected/intelligent devices worn using

a band

Thermometer

Pulse oximeter or spirometer (respiratory

functions)

Intelligent clothing

Glucose monitor

Intelligent pill dispenser

Fork

Other portable connected device

Figure 33. Smart connected devices for health and well-being that

Canadians intend to purchase over the next 12 months

Base: Respondents who do not own smart devices , but who have the intention of getting

one in the next 12 months (n=489)

https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/component/edocman/resources/reports/privacy/3348-earnscliffe-survey-on-electronic-health-information-and-privacy?Itemid=101

https://www.infoway-inforoute.ca/en/component/edocman/resources/reports/privacy/3348-earnscliffe-survey-on-electronic-health-information-and-privacy?Itemid=101



The work of HEC Montréal’s Research Chair in Digital Health focuses on three main objectives:

to better understand the leverage of information technologies for developing and

implementing new health care organizational methods; to identify and measure the clinical,

structural and financial impacts of implementing new technologies; and to study the main risks

and issues – human, organizational, political or technological – related to this major digital

shift. The knowledge that the Chair develops through its various research projects will help

ensure successful implementation of the technologies required to carry out several priorities

under the current Quebec and Canadian reforms, including in areas such as home care, primary

care and integrated care networks.

CEFRIO is a research and innovation organization that supports public and private

organizations as they transform their processes and business practices through the

appropriation and use of digital technologies. CEFRIO is a member of QuébecInnove and has

a mandate from the Government of Quebec to contribute to the advancement of Quebec

society through digital technology. It conducts research, experiments and surveys, and raises

awareness of the uses for digital technologies in every aspect of society. Its work relies on the

contributions of its experienced team, a network of over 90 associated and visiting

investigators as well as the commitment of close to 250 members. CEFRIO’s primary financial

partner is the Ministère de l’Économie, de la Science et de l’Innovation (MESI).

www.CEFRIO.qc.ca l [email protected] l Twitter: @CEFRIO

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Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B9

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Adoption of mobile apps and smart devices

for health and well-being

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Documents

Diffusion of Smart Devices for Health in Canada · 2018-04-20 · Canadians’ use and intentions for using mobile apps and smart devices to monitor health and well-being. It is the