Upload
rucool
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
1/27
OscarSchofield
KayceeColeman
MichaelGarzio
TravisMiles
HughDucklow
Ma?hewErickson
BethanJones
DeboraIglesias-Rodruguez
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
2/27
Fastestwinterwarmingloca0ononEarth
NorthernWAPperennialiceisgone
87%ofglaciersinretreat
Seaicedura0ondecreasedby~9days
Increaseinoceanheatcontent
YEAR
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Marnsonetal.2008
Qslope
(x109J
m-2)
C
Increaseof6Cinthepast5years
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
3/27
12%decreaseinchlaoverpast3years,par0cularlynorthern
WAP
197s-198s
1995-25
Montes-Hugoetal.29
ShiRfromlargetosmallphytoplankton
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
4/27
AtmosphericCO2hasincreased4%since
the18s
Dropof.1pHunit 28%increasein
oceanacidity
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
5/27
AtmosphericCO2hasincreased4%since
the18s
Dropof.1pHunit 28%increasein
oceanacidity
CO2isprojectedtodoubleby21
(IPCC)
Addi0onaldropof.2-.3pHunits
Equivalentto1-15%increase
inoceanacidity
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
6/27
Mostoceanacidifica0onstudiestodate
havefocusedonbiocalcifica0onratesin
corals,shellfish,andplanktonicorganisms.
EffectsofenhancedCO2onplanktoncommunitycomposi0on,foodweb
dynamics,andbiogeochemistryremain
largelyunanswered.
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
7/27
Changeincommunitystructure
Increasedprimaryproduc0vity 100 ppm
380 ppm
800 ppm
Tortell et al.
2008
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
8/27
LowCO2 HighCO2
Cellular C transport, fixation capacityActive CCMCCM efficiencyEfficiency of DIC utilizationInternal DIC storage
CCMrequirementss0ll
present,butrelaxed,giving
fast-growingspeciesa
compe00veadvantageover
slowergrowingcells
Small cells Large cells
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
9/27
EffectsofenhancedCO2ondifferentAntarc0cplanktoncommuni0es:1. Largediatomdominatedsystem(MargueriteBay,
SouthernWAP)
Hypothesis:Alargediatom-dominatedcommunitywillrespondposi8velytoenhancedCO2
2. Smalldiatomdominatedsystem(PalmerSta0on,NorthernWAP)
Hypothesis:Dominancewillshi>tolargediatomsinthehighCO2treatmentwhilelowerCO2willfavorsmallcells
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
10/27
HighChl:12mgm-3 HighProd:23mgCm-3d-1 Diatombloom(mainlypennate):
Cylindrothecasp. Pseudo-nitzschiasp. Chaetocerossp. Thalassiosirasp.
SEMimagesfromB.Jones
LowsurfacepCO2
DatafromT.Takahashi;FigurefromK.Huang
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
11/27
1-foldincreaseinchla&
produc0vity
NodifferencesbetweenCO2
treatments
2
4
6
8
1
12
14
2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16
5
1
15
2
25
3
354
45
5
2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16
50
40
30
20
10
Chlorophylla(
gL-1)
0
800
400
Prim.
Prod.
(mgC
m-3d
-1)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (days)
00
1200
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
12/27
2
4
6
2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16
Increaseinchlorophyllbiomassaributedto:- Similarincreasesinnanophytoplankton,picophytoplankton,anddiatoms>2m
60000
40000
20000
0
(cells
mL-1)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (days)
0
NANOPHYTOPLANKTON
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
13/27
1
2
3
4
2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16
Increaseinchlorophyllbiomassaributedto:- Similarincreasesinnanophytoplankton,picophytoplankton,anddiatoms>2m
4000
3000
2000
0
(cells
mL-1)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time (days)
0
PICOPHYTOPLANKTON
1000
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
14/27
2
4
6
T Tf
Increaseinchlorophyllbiomassaributedto:- Similarincreasesinnanophytoplankton,picophytoplankton,anddiatoms>2m
60000
40000
0
(cells
mL-1) DIATOMS >20 M
20000
"
"
"
" "
()!"**+"
,)-"**+"
.-!"**+"
T14daysT0
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
15/27
2
4
6
T Tf
Increaseinchlorophyllbiomassaributedto:- Similarincreasesinnanophytoplankton,picophytoplankton,anddiatoms>2m
Chain-formingcentricdiatomChaetocerossp.increasedby22-fold,drivinga3-foldincreaseinthecentric:pennatediatomra0o
NodifferencesbetweenCO2treatments
60000
40000
0
(cells
mL-1) DIATOMS >20 M
20000
"
"
"
" "
()!"**+"
,)-"**+"
.-!"**+"
T14daysT0
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
16/27
4
8
12
16
2
2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16
.
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.
1.2
2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16
Phospha
te(M)
20
16
12
8
4Nitrate(M)
0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
1.2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (days)
0
NO3&PO4drawdownbyday1inallmesocosms
NodifferencesbetweenCO2treatments
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
17/27
HighCO2Largecells
Biomass
Produc0vity
Woulddiatoms
ul0matelybecomenutrientlimited?
N,P,Si,Feuptake
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
18/27
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
19/27
5
1
15
2
25
3
2 4 6 8 1 12 14
.
.5
1.
1.5
2.
2.5
2 4 6 8 1 12 14 Lowerbiomass&
produc0vityin
highCO2
treatment
Noincreaseinbiomassinhigh
CO2treatment
over0me
* p < 0.05
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5Ch
lorophylla(
gL-1)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (days)
0
0
25
20
15
10
5
0
30
**
* * *
Prim.
Prod.
(mg
C
m-3d
-1)
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
20/27
15
3
45
6
75
2 4 6 8 1 12 14
5
1
15
2
2 4 6 8 1 12 14
* p < 0.05
3000
1500Nano(cellsmL-1)
0
7500
*
*
* * -84%
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (days)
0
1500
500Pico(cellsmL-1)
2000
-51%0 *
*
1000
4500
6000
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
21/27
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tpennate Tfpennate Tcentric TfcentricT12days
Diatoms>20
m
(cellsmL-1)
T0 T12daysT00
300
400
200
600
500
Increaseofpennatesandcentricsover0meinlowandambientCO2 NogrowthoflargediatomsinthehighCO2treatment
100
PENNATES CENTRICS
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
" " " " "
$+!",,-"
&+(",,-"
*(!",,-"
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
22/27
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
23/27
Nutrientlimita0on?...Doubul
Phosphate=1.8M,Nitrate=25.1M
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
24/27
Nutrientlimita0on?...Doubul
Saudo-Wilhelmyetal.22
Phosphate=1.8M,Nitrate=25.1M
TypicallyhighFenearPalmerSta0onduetoicemelt,althoughtheseinputscanbeepisodic
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
25/27
Grazing?...Maybe
Microzooplanktonabundanceandgrazingwereenhancedingreenhousecondi0onsintheNorthAtlan0c
(oseetal.29)
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
26/27
Non-uniformresponsesofWAPphytoplanktoncommuni0es Posi0veCO2effectonlargediatom-dominatedsystem
LargediatomswereClimited:undersatura0onofsurfacepCO 2 LargediatomsareweaklyregulatedbyCO 2 Eventualnutrientlimita0on?
Lowerbiomass,produc0vity,andphotosynthe0cefficiencyinthehighCO2treatmentofsmalldiatom-dominatedsystem
Oceanacidifica0onalongwithsynergis0cinterac0onsofincreasedtemperatureandshiRstosmallphytoplanktoncouldbedetrimentaltothefoodwebinthe
NorthernWAPregion,resul0nginfurtherdeclinesinhighertrophiclevel
organismssuchasAntarc0ckrill
8/2/2019 Differential response of natural phytoplankton communities to enchanced carbon dioxide along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
27/27
/VLaurenceM.Gouldcaptainandcrew
PalmerSta0onlabstaff
PalmerLTE
aytheonPolarServices
UnitedStatesAntarc0cProgram