Differential Pressure Producing Flow Elementsisaedmontonshow.ca/old.isaedmonton.org/wp-content/... · 2015-01-21 · Differential Pressure Producing Flow Elements Differential Pressure

3/15/2013

1

Standards

Certification

Education & Training

Publishing

Conferences & Exhibits

ISA 2013 Oil Sands Conference

March 12-13, 2013 Fort McMurray, Alberta

Differential PressureProducing Flow Elements

Differential Pressure Devices forLiquid and Gas Flow Measurement

• Venturi Meters

• Orifice Plates

• Flow Nozzles

• Cone Meters


March 12-13, 2013 Fort McMurray Alberta

• Cone Meters

• Wedge Meters

• Meter Runs

• Performance Test Sections

• Averaging Pitot Tubes

3/15/2013

2

Potential & Kinetic Energies of Flowing Fluids, Ideal

At the top of the tank, the potential energyof a reference mass of fluid is calculated:

PE = mgH.

At the discharge pipe on the datum line atthe bottom of the tank, the kinetic energyof a reference mass is calculated:

GravitationalAcceleration

H

Very Large

V0 = 0



To determine the kinetic energy content ofthe discharge jet, v1 must be determined.With no frictional or other losses in thesystem, the discharge velocity is equal tothe free fall velocity:

Accelerationg0 = 32.174 ft/s2

v1

IncompressibleFluid 2

mvKE

21

2gHg

2Hggtv1

Since and ,

then

Potential & Kinetic Energies of Flowing Fluids, Ideal

GravitationalAcceleration

H

Very Large

V0 = 0 2gHv1

mgH2

m(2gH)KE

2mv

KE2

1



which is equal to the potentialenergy of the liquid at the top of thetank:

PE = KE

IncompressibleFluid

Accelerationg0 = 32.174 ft/s2

v1

In an ideal, lossless system,ALL the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.

3/15/2013

3

Potential & Kinetic Energies of Flowing Fluids, Real

V0

Hydraulic Gradeline

DP HGL Slope Due toFrictional Losses

DH

IncompressibleFluid



The pressure produced by the line fluid at a given cross section of pipe is anindirect indication of the potential energy present at that cross section. Thedifferential pressure produced by the venturi meter is caused by theconversion of potential energy at the inlet tap cross section to kinetic energyat the throat tap cross section.

Venturi Meter

Theory of Operation, Orifice Plates

High PressureFlange Tap

High PressureD & D/2 Tap

High PressureVena Contracta Tap

High PressurePipe Tap

Low PressureVena Contracta Tap

Low PressureD & D/2 Tap

High PressurePipe Tap

Low PressurePipe Tap

Low PressureFlange Tap



The Basics of Differential Pressure Measurement as Applied to the Orifice Plate

High PressureCorner Tap

SpecificHeadloss

Plane of VenaContracta

Lo

ca

lP

res

su

re Low PressureCorner Tap

3/15/2013

4

Theory of Operation, Cone Meters

High Pressure Tap Low Pressure Tap



The Basics of Differential Pressure Measurement as Applied to the Cone Meter

SpecificHeadloss

Lo

ca

lP

res

su

re

DP

Plane of LowPressure Sensation

Theory of Operation, Segmental Wedge Meters




The Basics of Differential Pressure Measurement as Applied to a Segmental Wedge Meter

Lo

ca

lP

res

su

re

DP

SpecificHeadloss

3/15/2013

5

Theory of Operation, Flow Tubes




The Basics of Differential Pressure Measurement as Applied to the Lo-Loss® Flow Tube

Lo

ca

lP

res

su

re

DP

SpecificHeadloss

Theory of Operation, Venturi Meters




The Basics of Differential Pressure Measurement as Applied to the Classical Venturi Tube

Lo

ca

lP

res

su

re

DP

SpecificHeadloss

Annular Chambers

3/15/2013

6

Why “Specific” Headloss?

• While permanent pressure loss appears to be simply a static pressuredrop, it is really a dynamic value.

• Headloss is typically expressed in terms of PSI, inches of water column,kilopascals, etc., but the unit description in is:



JOULES PER KILOGRAM OF FLOWING LINE FLUID

• Consequently, headloss represents an ongoing energy expense, “the costof doing business.”

• Our duty is to minimize that cost.

The Cost of Doing Business: A Comparison, Steam

200 000 lbm/hr Steam Flow,

P = 299.696 PSIA, T = 440 °F

r1 = 0.621 234 lbm/ft3

= 100%, Energy($) = 7¢/kWh

Operating 24 h/d, 365 d/yr

11.938” x 8.481” Orifice Plate

200 000 lbm/hr Steam Flow,

P = 299.696 PSIA, T = 440 °F

r1 = 0.621 234 lbm/ft3

= 100%, Energy($) = 7¢/kWh

Operating 24 h/d, 365 d/yr

11.938” x 6.921” Venturi Meter



Using the Venturi instead of the Orifice Plate saves $ 32,714 annually.

DP = 200” wc, DH = 95.9” wc

$QH0.0172CostAnnual

234)(0.621(100%)

(0.07)000)(200(95.9)0.0172

$ 37,172 per year

DP = 200” wc, DH = 11.5” wc

$QH0.0172CostAnnual

234)(0.621(100%)

(0.07)000)(200(11.5)0.0172

$ 4,458 per year

3/15/2013

7

SAGD Application: Flow Nozzle vs. Venturi Meter



3.826” x 2.530” Flow Nozzle

DP = 205” wc, DH = 92.1” wc

$QH0.0172

CostAnnual

(2.115684)(100%)

(0.07)(52910.88)(92.1)0.0172

$ 2,773 per unit per year

3.826” x 2.542” Venturi Meter

DP = 201” wc, DH = 10.5” wc

$QH0.0172

CostAnnual

(2.115684)(100%)

(0.07)(52910.88)(10.5)0.0172

$ 316 per unit per year

Savings: $2,457 per unit per year x 130 units = $319,410 per year!(Similarly sized vortex shedders and cone meters have even greater losses than the flow nozzle)

Theory of Operation

FLOW EQUATION FOR DIFFERENTIAL-PRODUCING FLOW METERS

The flow equation for differential-producing flow meters is as follows:

where:

4

0L2

β1

g / gρP ΔF d 856 446 0.126(kg/hr)Q a

CY



• Q is the flow rate expressed in kilograms per hour;• d is the diameter of the meter’s throat or bore (millimeters);• C is the meter discharge coefficient (dimensionless);• Y is the expansibility factor (dimensionless);• Fa is the thermal expansion correction factor (dimensionless);• DP is the observed differential pressure expressed in kilopascals;• rL is the density of the line fluid at line conditions (kg/m3);• g is the local acceleration due to gravity (m/s2);• g0 is the standard acceleration due to gravity (9.806 65 m/s2)

Note that for most applications, g/g0 = 1;• b is the ratio of the throat diameter (or bore) to the inlet (or pipe) diameter.

3/15/2013

8

Theory of Operation (continued)

Once the flow equation is understood, the underlying concepts reveal that thedischarge coefficient, C, is actually a ratio:

1)Y1,(CFlowofRatelTheoretica

FlowofRateActualC



The discharge coefficient simply relates an idealized flow rate to the real flowrate.

When buying a flow meter, therefore, the client is essentially purchasing themanufacturer’s knowledge regarding the value and the uncertainty of C (thedischarge coefficient) and, if the line fluid is compressible, Y (the adiabaticexpansion factor).

Installation Effects, Nonimpact Venturis

Effect of Concentric Pipe Increaser

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs 0% Additional Uncertainty

0.10% Additional Uncertainty






Effect of Concentric Reducer

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs


0% Additional Uncertainty








0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

0

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

Effect of Short Radius 90° Elbow

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs


No Additional Uncertainty






In order to address concernsregarding a given metering design’suncertainty once installed, sensitivitytests must be run to determine theerrors caused by common pipefittings. Only flow test data cananswer this question, the opinion ofthe seller does not matter.

3/15/2013

9


5

6

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs

0% Additional Uncertainty

Concentric Reducer Installation Effects,Nonimpact Venturis, Detail



0

1

2

3

4

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs







Concentric Reducer Installation Effects,Impact-Type Venturis, Detail


5

6

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs


BVT-IL



0

1

2

3

4

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs

0.10% Additional Uncertainty0.10% Additional Uncertainty






3/15/2013

10

Installation Effects, Impact-Type Venturis


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs

0.10% Additional Uncertainty0.10% Additional Uncertainty







Effect of Concentric Increaser

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs






2.00% Additional Uncertainty3.00% Additional Uncertainty4.00% Additional Uncertainty



0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

0

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

Effect of Short Radius 90° Elbow

0

5

10

15

20

0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00

Beta Ratio

Str

aig

ht

Pip

eD

iam

ete

rs








The differential pressure produced by BVTsis an indication of the difference in thekinetic energy content of the line fluidbetween the high and low pressure tapcross sections. Due to differing velocityprofiles, a given flow rate can possessdifferent kinetic energies, and therebyintroduce errors in the indicated flow rate.This is the essence of the study ofinstallation effects and installed accuracy.

Effects of a Single Elbowon Single Path andDual Path UltrasonicFlow Meters

-5%

0%

Dual Path, Parallel to Elbow Plane

Dual Path, Perpendicular to Elbow Plane

Flo

wE

rro

r

Installation Effects (continued)



-15%

-10%

-5%

Single Path, Parallel to Elbow Plane

Single Path, Perpendicular to Elbow Plane

Flo

wE

rro

r

105 15 25200Pipe Diameters after Elbow

3/15/2013

11

Flange CL Pipe CL

Orifice CLOrifice Bore

Eccentricity

Orifice Plate OD

Pipe ID

Flange Bore

Source: Hobbs and Humphreys,Flow Measurement & Instrumentation,Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 133-140, 1990

Effect of Eccentricityon the Discharge Coefficientof Orifice Plates

Installation Effects (continued)



Eccentricity

TAP

+2 +4 +60

4%

DE

VIA

TIO

NF

RO

MS

TA

ND

AR

D

ECCENTRICITY EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF PIPE INSIDE DIAMETER

+1 +3 +5 +7-6 -4 -2-7 -5 -3 -1

3%

2%

1%

5%b = 0.4179

b = 0.6270

b = 0.7313

b = 0.5223

Effect of Edge Sharpness on theDischarge Coefficient of Orifice Plates

Pe

rcen

tC

ha

ng

ein

Dis

ch

arg

eC

oe

ffic

ien

t

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Lim

itp

er

ISO

51

67

Radius < 0.0004d



Radius/Bore x 10-3

Pe

rcen

tC

ha

ng

ein

Dis

ch

arg

eC

oe

ffic

ien

t

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Lim

itp

er

ISO

51

67

Source: Hobbs and Humphreys,Flow Measurement & Instrumentation,Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 133-140, 1990

3/15/2013

12

Effects of Density and Viscosity on Coriolis Meters

Err

or

(%)

+ 0.5

0

- 0.5

Benzene

Diesel Oil



Flow Rate (Percent of Full Scale)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Err

or

(%)

- 0.5

- 1.0

- 1.5

Water

Dual U-Tube

P = 45 PSIGT = 60 °F

Flow Calibration

Water

DP

The discharge coefficient for a givenmeter design can only be determinedthrough flow calibration.



Venturi Meter

Weigh Tank

or

Volumetric Tank

FLOW

1)Y1,(CFlowofRatelTheoretica

(kg/s)FlowofRateActual

)-1/(1PF856d4460.126

Mass/TimeCollected4

La2

C

123.4 SEC

Timer

3/15/2013

13

Flow Calibration (continued)

• Flow Calibration

– May lessen the effect of “unseen” manufacturing tolerances on flowmeasurement

– Establishes the data base for a given meter design

– May lessen the probability of litigation relating to the flow measurement



• A Meter Can Be Flow Calibrated

– Using an incompressible fluid (typically water) as the calibration medium

– Using a compressible fluid (typically air) as the calibration medium

– Directly against primary standards (gravimetric or volumetric)

– Indirectly against secondary standards (transfer masters)

Flow Calibration (continued)

To lower calibration uncertainty, one must limit the unknowns.

• If all critical metering dimensions time are known without error, then the onlyremaining error sources are those associated with

– C, the discharge coefficient

– Y, the expansibility factor.



• Flow calibration using a compressible fluid as the calibration medium allows fortwo significant sources of uncertainty, C and Y.

• Flow calibration using an incompressible fluid as the calibration medium eliminatesthe uncertainty associated with expansibility.

3/15/2013

14

Uncertainty of C

• Calibrated Uncertainty reflects the uncertainty of the flow calibration

– Uncertainty of volume and/or mass determination

– Uncertainty of elapsed time determination

– Errors associated with installation

– Calibrated Uncertainty: Typically ± 0.2% to ± 0.5%



• Uncalibrated Uncertainty is determined as follows:

– Geometrically similar meters are fabricated and flow calibrated

– The mean discharge coefficient is calculated

– The standard deviation is calculated

– The precision is determined

– Uncalibrated Uncertainty: Typically ???

Only with test data can uncalibrated uncertainties be determined.

Uncalibrated Uncertainty: Example

N Flow Calibrated C Calculated Values

1 0.9926 Mean Discharge Coefficient, C 0.9920

2 0.9931 Standard Deviation, s ± 0.16%

3 0.9915 2s (95% Confidence Level) ± 0.32%

10 Flow Calibrated Meters

1N

C 2

)(



3 0.9915 2s (95% Confidence Level) ± 0.32%

4 0.9901 Precision (95% Confidence Level) ± 0.11%

5 0.9919

6 0.9935 UNCALIBRATED UNCERTAINTY

(95% Confidence Level) ± 0.34%7 0.9894

8 0.9922

9 0.9907

10 0.9946

2295 )P()2(U

N

t)s(Student'Precision

3/15/2013

15

Discharge Coefficient in the Function of Pipe Reynolds Number

0.970

0.990

1.010

Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C

C = 0.9891

Data Analysis



0.950

0.970

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00

Pipe Reynolds Number (x10^-5)

Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C

Inlet Diameter (inches): 3.381

Throat Diameter (inches): 1.3770

Beta Ratio (dimensionless): 0.4073

For Pipe Reynolds Numbers > 0.74 x 10 5̂,

Mean Discharge Coefficient: 0.9891 March 25, 2002

WYATT ENGINEERING, LLC

4" LVM-B METER RUN

Serial Number: 4294

Bettis Atomic Research Laboratory

Low RD tests defines C-shape, butforces extrapolation for higher RDs.


0.970

0.990

1.010

Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C C = 0.9928

Data Analysis (continued)



0.950

0.970

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00


Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C







4" LVM-B METER RUN

Serial Number: 4294


High RD tests defines C-value, butprovides no information for low RDs.

3/15/2013

16


0.970

0.990

1.010

Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C C = 0.9922




0.950

0.970

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00


Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C







4" LVM-B METER RUN

Serial Number: 4294


To consolidate data mathematicallyviolates knowledge of low RD C-shapeand high RD C-value.


0.970

0.990

1.010

Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C C = 0.9909




0.950

0.970

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00


Dis

char

ge

Co

effi

cien

t-

C







4" LVM-B METER RUN

Serial Number: 4294


Treating data in a physically meaningful fashionrespects knowledge of the low RD C-shape andthe best estimate high RD C-value.

3/15/2013

17

Tube – type flow straightener

Upstream pressuretaps

Throat taps

Valved vent

Compressed gasketthickness not toexceed 1.8 mm (1/16 in.)

dD

Flow

How Codes Can Mislead



ASME PTC-6 TEST SECTION

Throat tapnozzle

D2D2D

20Dmin.

16Dmin.

10Dmin.

Reference Curve for PTC-6 Nozzle Calibration

0.990

0.995

1.000

C




0.980

0.985

0.990

1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1.0E+08

Throat Reynolds Number

C

3/15/2013

18

Throat-Tap Nozzle

Required Surface Finish to Produce a Hydraulically Smooth Surface

10

100

Su

rface

Fin

ish

inM

icro

inch

es

Th

roat

Dia

mete

rin

Inch

es




1

10

1 10 100

Throat Reynolds Number x 10^-6

Su

rface

Fin

ish

inM

icro

inch

es

Th

roat

Dia

mete

rin

Inch

es

Data Analysis

The meter was calibrated so it must be good...

• The following slides come from different manufacturers’web sites and promotional literature.



• If they truly understood the data, they couldn’t brag aboutthe results.

• Judge the data for yourself.

3/15/2013

19

DC = +2.23%

What Were They Thinking?

Some Manufacturers Do Not Realize How Poorly Their Devices Perform:



C = 0.9918Per ASME

Error in flow coefficient valueError in flow coefficient Re behaviorPhysically impossible performance:. Nozzle “creates” energy (C > 1.0)

Brand X Website

C = 0.9922 per ASME

Some Manufacturers Do NotKnow the Difference betweenData Scatter and Accuracy

Error in flow coefficient valuesError in flow coefficient Re behaviorData incorrectly analyzedPhysically impossible performance




C = 0.9922 per ASME

For Some, the Irony is Totally Lost

Impressive, but the Patent Office Has NoRecord of Such an Application

Brand Y Promotional Literature

Who knows what they were thinking?

3/15/2013

20

Some Feel SaferProviding No Data at All… No data, just sales talk.




…but Do Not Hesitate Using the “Seal ofApproval” of a Recognized Test Facility. Brand Z Website

“…HHR Flow Tube is manufactured in accordance with ASME codes and standards… quality controlled manufacturing toconsistently produce the HHR Flow Tube with an accuracy of +/-½%. Fluidic Techniques maintains a database with over1,200 independent laboratory flow calibrations…”

Data incorrectly/not analyzedIncorrect citing of ASME Std.Incorrect mean C-valueIncorrect uncertainty analysisClaims cannot be verified




“Shown above are the results of over 700 calibration runs of the FTI HHR Flow Tube. The data produces an average

coefficient of discharge of 0.9872 with standard deviation of 0.0050. The data illustrates that for Reynolds numbersgreater than 200,000 the coefficient of discharge is independent of Reynolds number. The data shown represents a widerange of tests including various line sizes, beta ratios and Reynolds numbers.”

Brand Z’ Website

3/15/2013

21

Fabricated, Wide Design Choice– Stainless, Hastalloy®, Monel, Inconel, etc.

– Flanged or Butt-Weld Ends

– Custom Laying Lengths

Pressure Vessel Venturi Meters



Eccentric Design Concentric Design

Insert-Type Venturi Meters

Fabricated, Constructed from

Practically Any Metal

– 300-Series and 400-Series Stainless Steels

– Hastalloy® B & C

– Monel, Inconel, etc.



Fabricated, Constructed from

Various Composites

– Vinyl ester or polyester resin

with fiberglass reinforcement

– PTFE, CPVC, etc.

3/15/2013

22

ASME, ISO, AGA, API Products

• Orifice Plates & Meter Runs

• Flow Nozzles– In accordance with ASME or ISO

– Subcritical or Critical

– Test Sections



• Orifice Plates & Meter Runs– Paddle Type

– Square Edge Concentric– Square Edge Eccentric– Segmented– Quadrant

– Universal Type– In accordance with ASME, AGA,

or ISO

Custom Engineering(Manufacturers Should Work to Solve Clients’ Problems)

• Eccentric Design (Multiphase Fluids)

• Diaphragm Seals (No Tap Plugging or Emissions)

• Wafer-Style Insert Meters (Lower Cost)

• Special Materials (Demanding Applications)– Titanium

– Teflon



– Teflon

– Kynar

– Monel, Inconel, etc.

3/15/2013

23

Custom Engineering



North Sea Venturi Meter with Diaphragm Seals and Integral Electronics Module

• Subsea Water Injection to Maintain Reservoir Pressure

• Placed 400 meters below North Sea Surface

• 3-1/8” 5000 PSI API Pressure Connections to AccommodateDiaphragm Seals, Eliminating Tap Plugging

• Fieldbus or 4 – 20 mA DC Output Signal

Custom Engineering

• Hot Tap Process Seal Option

– Allows Use of Venturis for Coke Fines, Slurries, and Viscous Fluids

– Prevents Plugging and Contamination of Secondary Instrumentation

– Minimizes / Eliminates Fugitive Emissions

– Allows for Removal & Calibration under Pressure



3/15/2013

24

Miscible Vapor / Water Venturi System

• Single Meter to Measure Both Fluids

• Improves Efficiency and Output of Existing Wells

Miscible Vapor

• Max. Flow Rate: 700 000 Nm3/d

Water

• Max. Flow Rate: 15 000 BPD

Custom Engineering



• Max. Flow Rate: 700 000 Nm3/d• Min. Flow Rate: 28 000 Nm3/d• Turndown: 25 to 1• Pressure: 25 MPa• Temperature: 50 °C

• Max. Flow Rate: 15 000 BPD• Min. Flow Rate: 250 BPD• Turndown: 60 to 1• Pressure: 21 MPa• Temperature: 27 °C

Solution: ONE 50mm, 75mm, or 100mm Venturi Metering System

• Differential Pressure: 125.0 kPaD• Pressure Loss: 8.7 kPa

• Differential Pressure: 272.5 kPaD• Pressure Loss: 17 kPa

Flow Measurement Error Band

10.00

15.00

Flo

wM

easu

rem

en

tE

rro

rB

an

d(%

)

Miscible Vapor Measurement Uncertainty Band

Custom Engineering



-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

5.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Maximum Flow Rate

Flo

wM

easu

rem

en

tE

rro

rB

an

d(%

)

Single Transmitter System

Dual Transmitter System

3/15/2013

25

Flow Measurement Error Band

10.00

15.00

20.00

Flo

wM

ea

su

rem

en

tE

rro

rB

an

d(%

)

Water Measurement Uncertainty Band

Custom Engineering



-20.00

-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

0.00

5.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Maximum Flow Rate

Flo

wM

ea

su

rem

en

tE

rro

rB

an

d(%

)

Single Transmitter System

Dual Transmitter System

Erosion of Standard Weld Overlay

Custom Engineering



Notes:1. Crazing of the weld overlay, which will lead to erosion2. Total loss of overlay throughout; field repair necessary3. Unacceptable pressure tap edge; error inevitable4. Overlay chipped and cracked5. Possibly suitable for pipe, but not for flow measurement

3/15/2013

26

Comparison of Overlays

Hard Facing, SlurryShield™

• High density Intermetallic matrix• 1.6 mm Thick• Rockwell C 68• Abrasion Resistance Factor: 180-200

Hard Facing, Typical

• Tungsten or Chromium Carbide Overlay• 6 mm Thick• Rockwell C 58, typical• Abrasion Resistance Factor: 40-50

Custom Engineering



• Abrasion Resistance Factor: 180-200• Throat finish: 1.6 mm RA• Inlet section finish: 6.0 mm RA• Uniform Thickness• Calibration not required for 0.50%

uncertainty band• Resists channeling and uneven wear

• Abrasion Resistance Factor: 40-50• Beaded interior finish, not smooth• Interior must be machined to achieve

predictable performance• Flow calibration required for accurate

performance• Subject to uneven wear and chipping

Custom Engineering

Eccentric Venturi Meters

• For Multiphase/Wet Gas Metering; and• For Slurry and Hydrotransport Flow Measurement• Minimizes / Eliminates Build-Up• Low Permanent Pressure Loss

• Flow Calibrated Uncertainty: ±0.25%



3/15/2013

27

Third Party Certifications



GET THE CERTS!• Make sure the ISO 9000-series certification is current, applies to quality management of theproduct(s) of concern, and valid for the address where the product(s) is fabricated.

• Installation and use of pressure vessels in the European Union that do not conform to thePressure Equipment Directive (PED) can result in civil and criminal penalties.

New Product Release

Features:

– For Use with Liquids and Gases– Multiphase Meter for Wet Gases and Slurries– Rugged Design: Use in Nearly Any Process or Environment– Minimal Straight Run Requirements– Conductivity and Velocity Are Not Issues



– Conductivity and Velocity Are Not Issues– Extremely Wide Turndown

>100:1, Depending on Pressure Loss and Uncertainty Requirements

– Low Permanent Pressure Loss– Constructed from Almost Any Material– ± 0.50% Uncertainty without Flow Calibration

± 0.25% Uncertainty with Flow Calibration

It’s a Venturi Meter!

Documents

Differential Pressure Producing Flow Elementsisaedmontonshow.ca/old.isaedmonton.org/wp-content/... · 2015-01-21 · Differential Pressure Producing Flow Elements Differential Pressure