Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal Pathology on Episodic
and Semantic Memory By: Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D.G., Watkins,
K.E., Connelly, A., & Van Paesschen, W. Presented by: Meinas
Elmusharaf Safiah Mai Seung Ju Na Adam Ouellette Enakshi Singh
Slide 2 Methodology Subject Recruitment Sample size and
representativeness Control for between subject variance Meinas
Slide 3 Contradiction relating to subjects overall quality of life
and capabilities Parents reported that everyday memory loss is:
Disabling No child can be left alone Cannot lead lives that are
standard to their age, circumstances or aspirations The paper later
goes on to report: all three patients are not only competent in
speech and language but have learned to read, write and spell at
levels standard of their VIQs all three patients obtained scores (
on VIQS) within the normal range Meinas Slide 4 What if parents
give bias rating that either exaggerate or underestimate their
childrens memory impairment? Does the loss of episodic memory
reduce the quality of life as the parents stated although an
individual is still able to comprehend and express ideas through
reading and writing? Meinas Slide 5 Neuropsychological examinations
- Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D.G.,
Watkins, K.E., Connelly, A., & Van Paesschen, W. (1997)
Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal pathology on Episodic and
Semantic Memory. Science, 277, 376-379 Validity & Reliability
Adam Slide 6 Magnetic Resonance Techniques ( 1 H MRS) 2008-07-16
16:41 Dwayne Reed 2562568 (6156703 bytes) {{Information
|Description=An animated gif of MRI images of a human head. For
additional information contact me on my talk page. |Source=I
created this image from an MRI performed on me last year at [[Stony
Brook University Medical Center]]. |Date=July 16Dwayne Reed
Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D.G., Watkins, K.E., Connelly, A., &
Van Paesschen, W. (1997) Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal
pathology on Episodic and Semantic Memory. Science, 277, 376-379
Validity & Reliability Adam Slide 7 Computerized Tests Howard
Echienbaum Is it necessary to have all these tests? Validity &
Reliability Adam Slide 8 General Experimental Approach Purpose is
to assess the following views: Both semantic and episodic memory is
a unitary process that is dependent on the hippocampal system.
Temporal lobe amnesia results in a loss of episodic memory but
preserves semantic memory Single Dissociation: Damage to
hippocampus resulted in loss of episodic memory but semantic memory
remained intact Seung Ju Slide 9 Conclusiveness Paper yields
conclusive results based on: Results from computerized tasks &
neuropsychological tests Evidence suggesting differential
preservation of semantic memory Findings in monkeys with
hippocampal damage Seung Ju Slide 10 Conclusiveness Contd
Anatomical evidence ( 1 H MRS) - Control vs. Beth Conclusions made
by Zola-Morgan and colleagues Case of HM Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian,
D.G., Watkins, K.E., Connelly, A., & Van Paesschen, W. (1997)
Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal pathology on Episodic and
Semantic Memory. Science, 277, 376-379 Seung Ju Slide 11 Relevance
First to study cases of bilateral hippocampal damage that occurred
at a very young age Provided anatomical & behavioural evidence
Dissociation between episodic and semantic memory processing
Enakshi Slide 12 Relevance contd Hippocampus episodic memory
Parahippocampal cortices semantic memory Conflicting findings: Some
memory is spared because of lesion-induced plasticity Squire &
Reed: impaired semantic learning adult hippocampal damage Brain
reorganization after early MTL lesions? Enakshi Slide 13 Autism and
the Medial Temporal Lobe Medial temporal lobe damage Autism vs.
Temporal-occipital cortex damage Autism This paper demonstrated
that those with damage to the medial temporal lobe had preserved
cognitive and social development Autism and visual agnosia in a
child with right occipital lobectomy. I Jambaqu, L Mottron, G
Ponsot, and C Chiron (1998) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 65,
555-560 Safiah Slide 14 Hypoxic-Ischaemic Injury and Medial
Temporal Lobe Damage Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury medial temporal
lobe damage causing amnesia Further studies also conducted by
Vargha-Khadem include an additional two cases consistent with this
finding Developmental amnesia associated with early
hypoxic-ischaemic injury. D. G. Gadian, J. Aicardi, K. E. Watkins,
D. A. Porter, M. Mishkin, and F. Vargha-Khadem (2000) Brain 123,
499-507 Safiah Slide 15 References Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D.G.,
Watkins, K.E., Connelly, A., & Van Paesschen, W. (1997)
Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal pathology on Episodic and
Semantic Memory. Science, 277, 376-379. Gadian, D. G., Aicardi, J.,
Watkins, K. E., Porter, D. A., Mishkin, M., & Vargha-Khadem, F.
(2000). Developmental amnesia associated with early
hypoxic-ischaemic injury. Brain 123, 499-507. Jambaqu, I., Mottron,
L., Ponsot, G., &Chiron, C. (1998). Autism and visual agnosia
in a child with right occipital lobectomy. ). J. Neurol. Neurosurg.
Psychiatry 65, 555-560. Reed, J. & Squire, L. R. (1998).
Retrograde Amnesia for Facts and Events: Findings from Four New
Cases. J. of Neurosci 10, 3943-3954. Braun, M, Carsten Finke 1,
Florian Ostendorf 1, Thomas-Nicolas Lehmann 2, Karl-Titus Hoffmann
3 and Christoph J. Ploner
