different uses.doc

Uses of Different Substances

Uses of Hydrogen “Harden” vegetable oils to make

Margarine. Fuel for space rockets. Manufacture of ammonia. Haber

process.

Uses of Oxygen In hospitals to breath patients. Manufacture of SO2, SO3. Contact

process. Ostwald process in HNO3

Oxy acetylene flame. Steel manufactory.

Uses of Nitrogen Quick freezing. Food packaging to remove

oxygen and keep food fresh. Manufacture of ammonia. Haber process.

Uses of Ammonia Make fertilizers. NH4NO3, Urea.

(NH4)2SO4. Household cleaners, dyes,

explosives, nylon. Manufacture of nitric acid.

Uses of Noble gases Helium-Weather balloons. Argon- Filling ordinary bulbs. Neon- Red advertising signs Krypton, Xenon- Light house lamp

Uses of Nitric acid Make fertilizers. Explosives for construction work. Make nylon and Terylene. Making drugs.

Uses of Sulphuric acid Manufacture of fertilizers. Paints pigments. Fibers and plastic. Soap and detergents. Pharmaceuticals. Battery acid.

Uses of Limestone, CaCO3

The extraction of iron. To neutralize acidity in water and soil. To neutralize acidic gases SO3, SO3, HCl, NO2. Manufacture of glass and cement.

Uses of Quicklime, CaO Making steel form iron. Drying agent in industry. To neutralize acidic gases SO2, SO3, HCl, NO2.

Uses of Chlorine. To make plastic, PVC. To make HCl. In making bleaches, disinfectants & insecticide. To sterilize drinking water & water in swimming pools.

Uses of Slaked lime, Ca(OH)2

To neutralize acidic gasesSO3,SO3, HCl,NO2 in soil or sea. To make mortar.

Uses of SO2

Manufacture of sulphuric acid. Bleach wood pulp. Sterilize jam and dry foods.

A1 Choose from the following gases to answer the questions below.

Ammonia-NH3 carbon dioxide-CO2 carbon monoxide-CO

chlorine-Cl2

Hydrogen-H2 nitrogen-N2 oxygen-O2 sulphur

dioxide-SO2

Each gas can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Name a gas which

(a) is used to bleach wood pulp,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) is used in the manufacture of margarine,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) is formed at the cathode when concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is

electrolysed

using carbon electrodes,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) changes acidified potassium dichromate(VI) from orange to green.

................................................................................................................................

.......

A2 This question is concerned with the following list of substances.

Potassium-K lead(II) bromide-PbBr2 oxygen-O2

zinc oxide-ZnO hydrogen-H2 carbon-C

Each substance can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Name a substance from the list above which

(a) reacts violently with water,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) conducts electricity when molten but not when solid,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) is amphoteric,

................................................................................................................................

.......

Copying the materials are strictly prohibited Creation is conscious product of principles

(d) has a formula of the type XY2,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(e) has an allotrope with a structure similar to that of silica,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(f) has a low boiling point,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(g) is produced at the cathode during electrolysis of dilute sulphuric acid.

................................................................................................................................

.......

A3 Choose from the following substances to answer the questions below.

Aluminium-Al ammonia-NH3 iron-Fe lithium-Li sulphur

dioxide-SO2

magnesium oxide-MgO potassium hydroxide-KOH silicon-Si


Name a substance which

(a) is an acidic gas,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) is a compound with a very high melting point and can be used in the lining

of furnaces,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) is a metal with a high melting point and a high density,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) is a solid at room temperature and dissolves in water to form an alkaline

solution,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(e) is an element which is soft with a low density.

................................................................................................................................

.......

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A4 The following is a list of formulae of organic compounds.

CH3COOH C5H12 C2H5OH C3H6 C7H14

Which of the above formulae fit the following descriptions?

(a) a compound which dissolves in water to form an acidic solution

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) a compound which is not a hydrocarbon

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) two compounds which are from the same homologous series

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) two compounds which react to form an ester

................................................................................................................................

.......

(e) a compound which undergoes an addition reaction with steam

(f) a compound which is oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate(VI) to give

ethanoic

acid

................................................................................................................................

.......

A5 Choose from the following metals to answer the questions below.

aluminium calcium copper iron

magnesium potassium sodium zinc

Each metal can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Name a metal which

(a) is manufactured by the electrolysis of its molten oxide,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) has a variable valency,

2

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) is used to galvanise iron,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) has a carbonate which is coloured,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(e) is alloyed with zinc to make brass.

................................................................................................................................

.......

A6 Choose from the following solutions to answer the questions below.

CuSO4(aq) KCl(aq) K2Cr2O7(aq) KI(aq)

KMnO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) NH3(aq) ZnSO4(aq)

Each solution can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Write the formula for a solution which

(a) is alkaline,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) has an orange colour,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) is used to test for an oxidising agent,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) reacts with iron powder to give a pink-brown solid,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(e) can be used to test for sulphur dioxide,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(f) reacts with acidified lead(II) nitrate to give a yellow precipitate.

................................................................................................................................

.......

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A7 Choose from the following elements to answer the questions below.

argon bromine carbon hydrogen

iodine iron neon sulphur

Each element can be use used once, more than once, or not at all.

Name an element which

(a) forms a basic oxide,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) is a liquid at room temperature and pressure,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulphate to give a pink solid,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) is formed during the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium

chloride, ..................................................................................................................

.....................

(e) has a giant molecular structure.

................................................................................................................................

.......


argon

calcium phosphate

ethene

lead(II) nitrate

methane

phosphorus oxide

potassium nitrate

sulphur dioxide


Name a substance which,

(a) is a greenhouse gas produced by the decay of vegetable matter,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) contains two of the essential elements needed by plants,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) reacts with warm aqueous sodium hydroxide and aluminium powder to form

a gas that

turns moist red litmus blue,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) dissolves in water to form a solution which neutralizes sodium hydroxide.

................................................................................................................................

.......


aluminium oxide

ammonia

barium sulphate

calcium carbonate

carbon monoxide

lead(II) iodide

nitrogen dioxide

silicon dioxide

Each substance can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Name a substance which

(a) is a gas that causes acid

rain, ........................................................................................................................

...............

(b) has a giant molecular structure,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) is amphoteric,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) is an insoluble yellow solid.

................................................................................................................................

.......

A10 Choose from the following elements to answer the questions below.

aluminium

argon

iron

4

nickel

nitrogen

phosphorus

sodium

Each element can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Name an element which

(a) is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) is manufactured by electrolysis,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(c) reacts with oxygen to give an acidic oxide,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(d) forms an ion that carries a negative charge,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(e) reacts with chlorine to form a solid that dissolves in water to give a coloured

solution.

................................................................................................................................

.......

A11 The diagram shows the structures of various compounds.

Zn+2

O-2

O-2 O-2

Zn+2

Zn+2

O-2

Zn+2

O-2

O-2

Zn+2

O-2

Zn+2Zn+2

Zn+2

O-2

O-2

O-2

O-2

O-2 O-2

Zn+2

E

H

Br H

C

C

H Br

H

F

O

H H

D

S

O O

A

O C O

B

Na

+

Br

Na

+

Br

Na

+

Br

Br

Na

+

Na

+

Br

Na

+

Br

C

5

(a) Use the letters A to F to answer the following.

Each compound may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(i) Which one of these compounds is most likely to contribute to acid rain?

................................................................................................................................

.......

(ii) Which one of these compounds is an amphoteric oxide?

................................................................................................................................

.......

(iii) Which two of these compounds have giant structures?

…………………………………. and …………………………………….

(iv) Which one of these compounds when molten, releases a reddish brown gas

at the

anode on electrolysis?

................................................................................................................................

.......

A12 Choose from the following oxides to answer the questions below.

aluminium oxidecalcium oxide

carbon monoxidecopper(II) oxidesulphur dioxidesulphur trioxide

vanadium(V) oxideEach oxide can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Name an oxide which

(a) is used as a catalyst in the Contact process,

................................................................................................................................

.......

(b) is formed during the incomplete combustion of propane,

................................................................................................................................

....... (c) reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to give a blue

6

solution, ..................................................................................................................

..................... (d) reacts with water to give sulphurous acid,

................................................................................................................................

....... (e) when heated in a Blast Furnace with sand makes slag.

................................................................................................................................

.......


ammonia butane carbon dioxide carbon monoxidehydrogenmethane nitrogen nitrogen dioxide oxygen

Each gas can be used once, more than once or not at all.Which gas is(a) the main constituent of natural gas,....................................................................................................................................... (b) used by plants in photosynthesis to form glucose,....................................................................................................................................... (c) produced when aqueous sodium nitrate is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide andaluminium foil,....................................................................................................................................... (d) a product of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons,....................................................................................................................................... (e) produced by the Haber process,....................................................................................................................................... (f) formed at the cathode when an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid is electrolysed?.......................................................................................................................................


ammonia argon carbon monoxidechlorine hydrogen

nitrogen nitrogen dioxide oxygen

Each gas can be used once, more than once or not at all.Name a gas which(a) is made during the incomplete combustion of octane,.......................................................................................................................................

7

(b) dissolves in water to make an alkaline solution,....................................................................................................................................... (c) is monatomic,....................................................................................................................................... (d) is a reducing agent in a Blast Furnace,....................................................................................................................................... (e) is used in the Contact process........................................................................................................................................

A15 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

Answer these questions using only the elements shown in the diagram.

Each element can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Write the symbol for

(i) an element which is in Group 5 and Period 3,

(ii) an element which is used as a gas in balloons,

(iii) an element which forms ions in aqueous solution which give a white

precipitate on reaction with aqueous silver nitrate,

(iv) an element which forms an ion of type X 3–,

(v) an element which is a catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes,

(vi) two elements which combine to form a compound which causes acid rain.

and 8

B C N O F Ne

He

Al Si Ar

Ar

NeClSPSiAl

Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

PI

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different uses.doc