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Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Dr. Mitra Niafar Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

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Page 1: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Different Insulin Initiation

Regimens in Patients with

Type 2 Diabetes

Dr. Mitra NiafarProfessor of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Page 2: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves
Page 3: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Insulin Type (trade name) Onset Peak Duration

Bolus (prandial) Insulins

Rapid-acting insulin analogues (clear):

• Insulin aspart (NovoRapid®)

• Insulin glulisine (Apidra™)

• Insulin lispro (Humalog®)

10 - 15 min

10 - 15 min

10 - 15 min

1 - 1.5 h

1 - 1.5 h

1 - 2 h

3 - 5 h

3 - 5 h

3.5 - 4.75 h

Short-acting insulins (clear):

• Insulin regular (Humulin®-R)

• Insulin regular (Novolin®geToronto)

30 min 2 - 3 h 6.5 h

Basal Insulins

Intermediate-acting insulins (cloudy):

• Insulin NPH (Humulin®-N)

• Insulin NPH (Novolin®ge NPH)

1 - 3 h 5 - 8 h Up to 18 h

Long-acting basal insulin analogues (clear)

• Insulin detemir (Levemir®)

• Insulin glargine U100 (Lantus®)

• Insulin glargine U300 (Toujeo)

90 minNot

applicable

Up to 24 h

(glargine 24 h,

detemir 16 - 24 h)

Page 4: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Individualizing Insulin Management

Matching insulin to patient:

Patient’s glucose profile

Residual endogenous insulin level

Treatment flexibility

Convenience

Cost

lifestyle

Patient’s cognitive and functional abilities

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2014:7

Page 5: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Insulin options

•Addition of a single dose of basal insulin

•Addition of a single dose of premix insulin

• Use of basal-plus regimen

• Use of twice daily premix insulin

• Use of a basal-bolus insulin regimen

Page 6: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

aIncludes both intermediate- and long-acting insulins

INSTIGATE Observational Study: Insulins Used at Initiation

Liebl A et al. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27:887-95

Pe

rce

nta

ge o

f P

atie

nts

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

France (n=152) Germany(n=233)

Greece (n=256) Spain (n=188) UK (n=222)

Basal

Premix

Prandial

Basal-bolus

Other

a

Page 7: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Right Insulin, Right Time, Right Dose for Type 2 diabetes

Page 8: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Type of diabetes

Duration of diabetes

Baseline and current HbA1c levels

Age

Existing comorbidities

Ability to adhere to medical instructions

Number of injections

Hypoglycemia

Weight gain

Frequency of monitoring

Page 9: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Which patient should be offered a premix versus basal- bolus/basal plus regimen?

Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Care 2013; 36(2):S212-S218.

Premix insulin analogs

Basal plus/basal bolus

Patient preference Type 1 diabetes (any age)

Older age Younger age

Need assistance with injectionsHighly motivated and compliant

Organized lifestyle Active lifestyle

Two meals a day or evening main meal

High variability in eating habits

Page 10: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves
Page 11: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Initiating insulin therapy with basal insulin.

The general concept is to first correct the

fasting hyperglycemia with one injection of

basal insulin, and then address postprandial

hyperglycemia, if needed, with other

insulin options.

Page 12: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Recommends initiation of insulin

with either basal insulin or premixed

insulin when first line and second-

line therapies fail to achieve

glycemic target of HbA1c < 7.0%.

Page 13: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Suggest initiation of insulin therapy

with premixed insulin in newly

diagnosed patients with

FPG values > 150 mg/dL

PPG values > 200 mg/dL

HbA1c > 8.5%

Page 14: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves
Page 15: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

For pre mixed insulins(70/30 preparations)

Step1:First calculate the total daily starting requirement

of insulin;

body weight(kg)/2

eg, For a 60kg patient,total daily dose =30 units

Step 2:Then devide this dose into 3 equal parts;

10+10+10

Step 3:Give 2 parts in the morning and 1 part in the

evening;

Morning=20U Evening=10 U

Page 16: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves
Page 17: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Fasting glucose Adjustment pre-supper Pre-supper glucose Adjustment pre-breakfast

140 - 180 + 4 140 - 180 + 4

110 - 140 + 2 110 - 140 + 2

80 - 110 No change 80 - 110 No change

60 - 80 - 2 60 - 80 - 2

<60 - 4 <60 - 4

Page 18: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

میقبلسال8ازدوتیپدیابتکیس،بانککارمندساله57مردبیمار

هسمیکسپرهانسولینرویقبلسال3ازدیابتکنترلعدمعلتبهکهباشد

میشبواحد15وظهرواحد12وصبحواحد20دوزابروزدربار

.باشد

یکفورمینمتوگرممیلی80آسپرینشاملبیمارمصرفیداروهایسایر

.باشدمیروزانهگرم

BP=130/85mmHg PR=84/min BW=78kg

BMI=27Kg/m2

.نداردکاردیوواسکولربیماریسابقه

.نداردنوروپاتیورتینوپاتیمعاینهدر

Page 19: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

شاکیاناشتخونقندبودنبالاوشبنیمهخونقندافتحملاتازبیمار

:استزیرشرحبهبیمارآزمایشاتآخرین.است

FBS=295 mg/dl HDL=48 mg/dl

BS 2hPP=174 mg/dl TG=97 mg/dl

HbA1C=9.7% Chol=185 mg/dl

Cre=1.1 Urine Alb24 h =18 mg

Page 20: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

است؟قدرچبیماراینبرایمناسبگلیکوزیلهشماهموگلوبیننظربه-1

یماربدرمانیروشدرتغییریچهبیماردیابتبهترکنترلبرای-2

است؟لازم

؟چیستمیکسپرهانسولینهایتیتراسیونمشکلشمانظربه-3

Page 21: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

:جدول کنترل قند خون بیمار درطی یک هفته به شرح زیر می باشد

FBS2H PP

Breakfast2H PP Lunch

Prediner2H PP Diner

175 239 145 72 144

243 287 205 75 173

280 173 223 139 99

258 274 218 201 170

170 310 230 111 76

249 136 110 82 229

195 225 92 94 211

Page 22: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Initiating Insulin Glargine (U 100)

Page 23: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

وخوابازقبلشبهرواحد26باگلارژینانسولینبیماربرای

شودمیشروعواحد5شبوواحد4ظهرو6صبحآسپارتانسولین

:باشدمیزیرصورتبهخونهاقندکنترلنتایجبعدهفتهسهو

FBS2H PP

Breakfast2H PP Lunch

Predinner2H PP Diner

75 153 66 84 80

122 141 138 141 105

164 369 111 91 72

141 65 128 158 255

146 93 258 142 124

Page 24: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

ظهریدنورپوانسولینشودمیدادهافزایشگرمدوبهبیمارفورمینمت

آزمایشاتباانسولینشروعازبعدماه3بیمار.شودمیقطعشبو

:استکردهزیرمراجعه

FBS=70 mg/dL

BS 2hPP=110 mg/dL

HbA1C=7.6%

BW=77 Kg

.بیمار هیچ حمله افت قند خون در طی دو ماه قبل نداشته است

Page 25: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

کنترلعدمعلتبهقبلسال10ازدوتیپدیابتموردساله49خانم

دیابتکنترلعدمعلتبهقبلسال3از.استکردهمراجعهخونقند

.استگرفتهقرارمیکسپرهانسولینروی

:استزیرشرحبهبیمارمصرفیداروهای

گرمدوفورمینمت•

شبواحد28وصبحواحد30میکسپرهانسولین•

روزانهمیلی20آتورواستاتین•

عدددومیلی25لوزارتان•

روزانهمیلی80وآسپرینروزانهمیلی100فنوفیبرات•

Page 26: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

FBS=205 mg/dl

BS 2hPP=237 mg/dl

HbA1C=10.8%

Cre=0.8

Chol=165, TG=197, HDL=45, LDL=81

BW=94 Kg, BH=161cm, PR=96/min, BP=140/80

BMI=36.2 Kg/m2

.رتینوپاتی، نفروپاتی و نوروپاتی ندارد

چه تغییر درمانی را برای بیمار توصیه می کنید؟

Page 27: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

میکسپرهانسولینقطع

واحد32شبهرU300گلارژینبازالانسولینشروع

GLP-1 Agonistشروعبهتوصیه

گرمدودوزبافورمینمتادامه

نکردشروعGLP-1 Agonistبیمهپوششعدمعلتبهبیمار

شدشروعمیلی10روزانهSGLT2-Iبیماربرای

Page 28: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

بیمار دوماه بعد مراجعه کرد دوز انسولین بازال نیاز به افزایش نداشته و

:آزمایشات بیمار به شرح زیر می باشد

FBS=121

BS 2hPP=277

HbA1C=8.7%

Cre=0.9

Chol=131, TG=139, HDL=44, LDL=69

BW=88 Kg

اقدام بعدی کدام است؟

Page 29: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Subjects:

Insulin naïve (785 entered study, 343 randomized) with type 2 diabetes

(HbA1c ≥8.0%)

Receiving 2 or 3 OHAs for ≥3 months (OHAs continued except

sulfonylurea)

Randomization (subjects with HbA1c

>7.0%, n=434)

24 weeks

Insulin glargine(n=785)

14 weeks

Additional insulin glulisine once daily (n=115)

Additional insulin glulisine twice daily (n=113)

Additional insulin glulisine three times daily (n=115)

Davidson MB, et al, Endocr Pract 2011

Mean study entry values:

• HbA1c (%): 9.8

• BMI (kg/m2): 35.0

1.2.3 study: insulin glargine with addition of one, two or three daily doses of glulisine

Page 30: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves glycaemic control

2.4 1.2.3 study

HbA1c in all subjects (n=785) = 9.8 at run in and 7.3 at randomization

Run in Randomization Wk 8 Wk16

Wk24

7.407.0

Hb

A1

c (%

)

10.19

10.1910.16

7.447.29

8.0

9.0

10.0

Glulisine 1x

Glulisine 2x

Glulisine 3x

Responders in the whole

population (n=785)

Evolution of HbA1c in the randomized

population (n=343)

0

20

40

60

80

Subjects who achieved HbA1c

<7.0% with glargine during run in

Additional subjects who achievedHbA1c <7.0%with glulisine added toglargine

All subjects(n=785)

% a

chie

vin

g H

bA

1c

<7.0

23%

37%

Glargine(alone)

Glargine plus glulisine(patients with HbA1c >7%)

Davidson MB, et al, Endocr Pract 2011

Page 31: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

1.2.3 study: The Basal Plus strategy is associated with a reduced level of hypoglycaemia

p=NS for all other pairwise comparisons

x1 x2 x3

0

1

2

3

4

5

Mea

n b

od

y w

eigh

t ch

ange

fro

m b

ase

line

(kg)

3.7 3.8 3.9

Glulisine

0

5

10

15

20

x1 x2 x3

Glulisine

Co

nfi

rmed

sym

pto

mat

ic h

ypo

(eve

nt/

pat

ien

t-ye

ar)12.2

12.9

17.1

p=0.043

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

Seve

re o

r se

rio

us

hyp

o(e

ven

t/p

atie

nt-

year

)

x1 x2 x3

Glulisine

0.10

0.30

0.26

Davidson MB, et al, Endocr Pract 2011

The results from 1-2-3 study: once- and twice-daily insulin glulisine were non inferior to insulin glulisine administered three times daily

Page 32: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Take home message

Page 33: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

Davies MJ, et al. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(12):2669-701.

Considering oral therapy in combination with injectable therapies

Page 34: Different Insulin Initiation Regimens in Patients with Type 2 …¯کتر... · 2020. 12. 4. · 1.2.3 study: intensification of Basal insulin with mealtime glulisine injections improves

35

Thank you for your attention