Different Floor Finishes - REVISED

7/24/2019 Different Floor Finishes - REVISED

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Different Floor Finishes

Submitted to and Edited by:

Prof.Archt. Sylvester Seo


Villaverde, Danica G. & Zamora, Era Jade S.

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY-1/ 10:00-11:00AM


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Types of Floor Finishes:

Ceramic Tiles

Linoleum

Vinyl

Plain Polished Flooring

Stamped Concrete

Carpet

HDF (high- density fiber board)

Rubberized

Marble

T&G Flooring Glass

Natural Stones





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CERAMIC TILES

A ceramic tiles is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the

action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic tiles are made from clay which is mined form the ground.

Usage

Ceramic tile has long been considered to be a multi-purpose tileand can be used in several areas.

Floors Walls (interior and exterior)

Countertops and backsplashes

Patios

Fireplaces

Walkways Exterior house trims





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Some ceramic tile is usable outdoors, others

are for use as indoor tile only.

Ceramic tile is also obtainable in various

surface finishes that includes: smooth,

textured, glazed, unglazed, polished and

unpolished surfaces etc.

Size

Available sizing of the floor ceramic tile ranges

from:

6x6 to as large as 24 x 24





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LINOLEUM is a floor covering made from renewable materials

such as solidified linseed oil (linoxyn), pine rosin,

ground cork dust, wood flour, and mineral fillers suchas calcium carbonate, most commonly ona burlap or canvas backing; pigments are oftenadded to the materials.

Types

distinguished by type (plain or inlaid)and gauge(battleship or A-E gauge)

A-E gauges of linoleum were

thinner than the battleship gauges;

Thickness battleship gauges were the thickest type,

ranging from light battleship (0.142" thick) to veryheavy battleship (0.25" thick);





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Usage

Typical historical uses for linoleum include:

residential flooring: for kitchens, hallways andbathrooms

institutional flooring: in schools, showrooms

originally installed over a wood subflooring. Later, alayer of felt was sandwiched in between

heavier battleship linoleum was common in offices,stores, hospitals, banks, lodge rooms, elevators andbattleship decks





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thinner battleship linoleum was common in light trafficareas and where cost was a factor

'A' gauge plain linoleum was common in apartmentsor offices with moderate traffic levels

'B, C, and D' gauges were common in residentialapplications

'E' gauge linoleum was common in the automobileindustry





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Sizes

Available sizes:

2mm Thick, Tile Size 33cm x 33cm

2.5mm Thick, Tile Size 33cm x 33cm

2.5mm Thick, Tile Size 50cm x 50cm

2 Meter-wide Sheet Linoleum





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VINYL (comes in both SHEET

and TILE forms)

Vinyl flooring is a new type of resilient flooringin the market. This is made from plastic,

like that of the PVC (poly-vinyl chloride)

Vinyl tiles are composed of colored vinyl

chips formed into solid sheets of varyingthicknesses (1/8 is most common) by

heat and pressure and cut into

12 squares.

VINYL is thicker than the counterpart

LINOLEUM (which also costs less).


Villaverde, Danica G. & Zamora, Era Jade S. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY-1/ 10:00-11:00AM


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Usage Thickness Used in:

Residential 2mm total thickness

0.2mm wear layer

Light commercial with 2mm total thickness

moderate foot traffic 0.3mm wear layer

(e.g. Hotel rooms, Conference rooms

& Small offices)

Commercial areas 2.5mm total thickness

with heavy traffic 0.55mm wear layer (No bevel)

(e.g. Retail outlets, Boutiques,

Open plan offices , Care homes,

Healthcare establishments,

Schools & Colleges)




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Commercial areas intensively 2.5mm total thickness

used with very heavy traffic 0.7mm wear layer

(Department stores, Retail outlets, (With bevel)

heavily used Multipurpose halls

and Airports)

Light Industrial areas 2.5mm total thickness

with heavy traffic 0.7mm wear layer

(Production halls & Storage rooms) (With bevel)



Usage Thickness


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PLAIN POLISHED CONCRETE

FLOORING Polished concrete floors are energy

efficient, hard surface, anti-slip, lowmaintenance and can be kept dustfree. This is the simplest, yet adecent type of flooring.

Usage

Used in: retail, warehouse and office

facilities

Used by:

homeowners who arenow seeking smooth, high-luster floors that can replicatethe look of polished stone



A worker using a concrete

grinder to polish the floor


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STAMPED CONCRETE is concrete that is patterned and/or textured or embossed

to resemble(look like, faux finish/false finish)brick, slate, flagstone, stone, tile, wood, and variousother patterns and textures. These comes in panels.

Usage

Commonly used for: patios,

sidewalks,

driveways, garages,

pool decks,

and interior flooring



Sizes

Available :

3x3

6x6

12x12

18x18

24x24


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CARPET

is a textile floorcovering consisting of anupper layer of "pile" attachedto a backing.

Usage

Commonly used at homes in

bedrooms and living rooms.

Also used in commercial

structures like hotels, schools,etc.




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Sizes Small- no bigger than 2 sq m (21 sq ft),

Medium-from 3.5 sq m (38 sq ft) to 5 sq m (54 sq ft)

Large-from 5 sq m to 8 sq m (54 sq ft to 86 sq ft).

DISADVANTANGES OF USING CARPET:

- It accumulates dust, causing deterioration of indoor airquality inside especially air-conditioned rooms and spaces,which poses a health risk.

- Needs to be cleaned regularly to avoid buildup of molds,

fungi and bacteria.




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HDF (high- density fiber board)HDF is a lot stronger than the MDF (medium-density fiberboard)

Hardboard, also called high-

densityfiberboard (HDF), not tobe confused with 'hardwood. HDFfloor planks are joined thru T&Gconnections.

is a type of fiberboard, which isan engineered wood product.

Size: 1220X2440 mm

Thickness: 2 - 4.75mm ,

2.5-30 mm Usage: Flooring, other high-

performance usages, etc. Different Floor Finishes



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HDF versus MDF

Also referred to as hardboard, a high-density fiberboard for flooring (HDF) is a type

of engineered wood product. It is made from wood fiber extracted from chips

and pulped wood waste. High-density fiberboard for flooring is similar but much

harder and denser than particle board or medium density fiberboard for flooring

(MDF). It has a density greater than 50 pounds per cubic foot or 800 kg per cubic

meter. This makes for a perfect stabilizing material for laminate floors andengineered hardwood flooring. MDFs are used for furniture, walls and other

applications which have lower strength performance requirements.

Like other types of fiberboard for flooring, a high density fiberboard for flooring

cannot be used outside because it absorbs water. A tempered form of hardboard is

made by adding oil that becomes a polymer when the board is formed under hightemperature and pressure. This gives it resistance against moisture, hardness, and

strength. This tempered hardboard can be used in construction siding.

Building Technology 1

Vicente, Mary Grace

Victorino MariferM.W.F. 8:00-9:00


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RUBBERIZED FLOORING (comes in

either ROLLS/SHEETS and TILE forms)

Usage

applications both in

commercial and

residential including: public transit, public circulatory

routes (non-slip, and guide

path for the blind, disabled),

sports and fitness centers,playgrounds

and stair treads. Different Floor Finishes



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Sizes

rubber tiles come standardin 12X12, 18X18, and

36X36 squares.Rubber Sheet Rolls are 4ft.

or more in width, and can be20 to 30ft. in length,

allowing you to completelycover most rooms with justone or two rolls.



Rubber sheet rolls

Interlocking rubber tiles

MARBLE FLOORING ( t f NATURAL


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MARBLE FLOORING (a type of NATURAL

STONE stone flooring)This is a metamorphicrock

made from the joining of calcite[limestone] rock at hightemperatures and pressure.

Usage

Marble tiles can be used for

flooring, (living room)

countertops,

backsplashes, on walls, fireplaces,

and even on your home'sexterior. Different Floor Finishes


Sizes

available in slab sizes of 1.2meters

by 2.4 meters.

Tiles size:

12x12

18x18

Etc.


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WOODEN T&G FLOORING Tongue and groove or T&G is a method of fitting similar

objects together, edge to edge, used mainly with wood:

flooring, parquetry, panelling, and similar constructions.Usage

Commonly used in residential

structures, more often

in patios, etc.Sizes

Are commonly:

2250mm x 1200mm

2400mm x 1200mm 2700mm x 1200mm




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GLASS FLOORING (usually employsTOUGHENED/TEMPERED GLASS type for load-bearing

floors)

Glass as a flooring material is used in bothresidential and commecial structures.Special hollow glass blocks known as

glass pavers are often used in

combination with a metal frame.Usages:

Often used in:

Residential

(stairs, floor)

Commercial structures




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Sizes

2-Edge Support (residential):

Spans up to 1.2 metres = 2 x 12mm toughenedand laminated.







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NATURAL STONES

Usage

For residential

is the perfect, permanent solution for coveringbasement, garage, and patio concrete floors

even in flood-prone areas.




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BASIC TYPES OF NATURAL STONES

There are three basic types of rock from which we carve out stone floors:

Sedimentary

Igneous

Metamorphic

Travertine and limestone are examples of sedimentary stone. Granite is anexample of igneous stone. Slate and marble are examples of metamorphicstone.

Stone flooring has long been considered the flooring material of choice for theprivileged and elite. Think castles and palaces. But that is no longer the case.

Advances in technology have helped make the labor-intensive process muchmore affordable and that savings has been passed on to modern dayconsumers.

Building Technology 1

Vicente, Mary Grace

Victorino MariferM.W.F. 8:00-9:00


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Types

Limestone

Recognized for its great strength as it does not blisterupon exposing it to water

Well suited for flooring and paving purposes

Also be used in any weather, as extreme degree oftemperature, cold or hot, hardly affects the color and

texture of limestone Generally used as limestone tiles, limestone blocks,

limestone slabs, limestone chips in flooring, wallcladding, countertops, fireplace mantels and forpavement of floors of large commercial complexes,hospitals, airports, shopping malls, railway stations,parks etc.




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Standard Sizes of Limestone:

30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)

40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches)

60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)

60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches)

60 x 60 cm (24 x 24 inches)

90 x 30 cm (36 x 12 inches)

90 x 60 cm (36 x 24 inches)

Finishes:Natural, Calibrated, Honed, Polished, Bush Hammered & Flamed

Forms:Tiles, Slabs, Cobbles

Standard Thickness:10 mm - 20 mm




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Sandstone

The entire range is acknowledged for perfect

finish, high tensile strength, breakage

resistance and durability thereby widely used

for all types of interior & exterior applications

depending upon the imagination of anarchitect.

Further, it is available in different sizes and

finishes like natural, calibrated, honed,polished and flamed.




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Specifications:

Standard Sizes of Sandstone:

30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)

40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches)

60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)

60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches) 60 x 60 cm (24 x 24 inches)

90 x 30 cm (36 x 12 inches)

90 x 60 cm (36 x 24 inches)

Finishes:Natural, Honed, Calibrated, Sawn, Sandblast

Forms:Tiles, Slabs, Blocks

Standard Thickness:10- 20mm




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Quartzite stone

This fireproof and non-slippery stone is widely

used in wall-cladding, roofing, flooring and for

all types of interior as well as exterior

decorations.




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Standard Sizes of Quartzite:

30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)

40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches)

60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)

60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches)

Finishes:Honed, Natural Cleft, Polished, Calibrated, Anycut to size

Forms:TilesStandard Thickness:10 mm - 15 mm




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Slate stone (thin stoneflakes, colored gray to dark

gray variants) Suitable for exterior and

interior applications such as

wall-cladding, roofing,flooring, hearths, fireplaces,kitchen, landscaping,driveways, pools, etc




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Standard Sizes:

30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 inches)

40 x 40 cm (16 x 16 inches) 60 x 30 cm (24 x 12 inches)

60 x 40 cm (24 x 16 inches)

60 x 60 cm (24 x 24 inches)

Finishes:Natural, Calibrated, Honed, Polished

Forms:Tiles, Slab

Standard Thickness:10 mm - 15 mm




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Granite stone (usually used forcountertop tables, high-endfloorings and walls)

Dimension depends on variousinterior & exterior applications.

Cobblestone (usually used for oldroads)

cobblestone is used basically tomake pathways, pavements and forlandscaping, cobbles stone arefireproof, need little maintenanceand no paint.




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Standard Sizes:

10x10x8 cm/4x4x3 in

14x14x6 cm/5x5x2 in

14x14x8 cm/5x5x3 in 14x20x8 cm/5x8x3 in

20x10x8 cm/8x4x3 in

Finishes:All sides natural (Hand dressed). Top surface can be honed,

Flamed

Forms:Sandstone cobbles, Limestone cobbles, Granite cobbles

Standard Thickness:6- 8cm/2-3Inch




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Pebbles stones (an aggregate)

are used as decorativelandscaping stones in homes,artificial ponds, fountains,posh lounges, open air

theaters, aquaria, parks, outhouses and gardens.

Example of floor finish

specifications: Pebblewash-out flooring.




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Specifications:

Standard Sizes:

15mm- 30mm 25mm- 50mm

50mm-100mm

Finishes: Dry tumbled pebbles, wet tumbled pebbles, natural river

pebbles. The finished surface varies as dry tumbling provides thepebbles a polished and smooth finish in comparison to the wettumbled stones

Forms:Round, Flat, Oval

Standard Thickness:15mm- 4inch diameter


Villaverde Danica G & Zamora Era Jade S

Documents

Different Floor Finishes - REVISED