Differences in North and South

• Slavery

• Food crops v. cash crops

• Industrialism

• Population size

• Reliance on Cotton

Why did California and Wilmot Proviso increase tension?

• California – Huge free state, upsets balance.

• Wilmot Proviso – Proposal to make all of Mexican Cession non-slave

• Both increase tension because they make southerners feel threatened.

Where did Compromise of 1850 come from? What were terms?

• Came about – Because they needed to decide what to do with Mexican Cession.

• Terms: – California = Free State– Fugitive Slave Law – Popular Sovereignty in

rest of Mex. Cession

How was Comp of 1850 adopted.

• Piece by piece instead of all at once.

What was Fugitive Slave Law and its effects?

• Runaway slaves can be / will be hunted down in any state.

• People in northern states are legally obligated to assist slave catchers.

• Effects – More tension, resistance, Personal Liberty Laws

What was Underground Railroad and its effects?

• Network of people who helped runaway slaves to escape.

• Impact – Not a significant number of slaves escaped.

• Symbolic impact – Increased tension.

• Harriet Tubman – Most famous example.

Significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe?

• Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Massive bestseller. • Increased tension. • Important because

it increased Northern awareness of how bad slavery really was.

What were causes and results of Kansas Nebraska Act?

• Causes– Kansas ready for statehood.– Desire to spread slavery to

Kansas. – Growth of Popular Sovereignty

after 1850• Results

– Popular Sovereignty in K / N – Lecompton Constitution – John Brown / Bleeding Kansas– Preston Brooks / Bleeding

Sumner– Growth of Republican Party

What caused split / demise of Whigs?

• Regional disagreements over slavery.

What was Know Nothing party and Nativism?

• Nativism = Anti immigration beliefs.

• Know Nothing Party = Political party that believed in Nativism

Main ideas of Free Soil party?

• Don’t allow spread of slavery.

How was Republican party formed and what were its main ideas?

• Formed after demise of Whigs.

• Other new parties aren’t big enough.

• Believe that slavery should not spread to territories.

Significance of Buchanan’s win in 1856 election.

• Worst President in US history elected.

Significance of Dred Scott Decision

• Overturns previous compromises about slavery.

• Declares government cannot prohibit slavery in territories.

• Eliminates citizenship for free African Americans.

Significance of Lecompton Constitution.

• Pro-slavery state constitution for Kansas.

• Evidence of how much tension existed over issue of slavery in Kansas.

Causes / Positions / Results of Lincoln Douglas Debates.

• 1858 Senate election in Illinois

• Lincoln v. S. Douglas • Lincoln – Attacks slavery,

says not to allow spread of slavery. (House Divided)

• Douglas – Has contradictions in his position on slavery. (Freeport Doctrine)

• Lincoln wins debates. • Douglas wins election.

What happened at Harper’s Ferry? Why did it increase tension?

• J. Brown attacked Federal arsenal.

• Tried to start massive slave revolt.

• Caught, convicted, hanged. • Praised by some in North. • Hated by all in South. • Makes Southerners think

Northerners are out to get them.

How did Slavery impact election of 1860?

• Republican position = don’t allow spread of slavery.

• Democrats are split over issue of slavery.

• Because Democrats are split, Republicans win.

What were causes / results of creation of Confederacy?

• Cause – Election of Lincoln

Secession of Southern States Formation of Confederacy

• Result – Main cause of Civil War.

Causes and results of attack on Fort Sumter?

• Causes– Formation of

Confederacy– Union forts in Southern

territory– Lincoln’s decision to re-

supply the fort

• Result– Started the Civil War

Advantages of each side

• North – More people, more money, more supplies, established government.

• South – Better generals, defensive war, highly motivated soldiers. (Support of England)

Strategies for each side • North – Anaconda Plan

– Surround the south / Blockade

– Take control of Mississippi R. / Cut in half

– Attack Richmond

• South – – Inflict losses on the North

until they give up the fight – Get help from England

(Cotton Diplomacy)

Significance of Bull Run?

• First major fighting / bloodshed of the war.

• Shows how bad things will be.

Importance of Shiloh

• Shows how bad Civil War will be.– Bloodiest day ever, to

that point.

• Elevates status of US Grant.

New Weapons / Tech • Better rifles = More likely

to hit what you aim at = More people get shot.

• Railroads = Easier to get reinforcements = More people at battles = More people get killed.

• Ironclad ships – Change naval warfare forever.

McClellan v. Lee

• McClellan (NORTH) = Overly cautious, unsuccessful.

• Lee (SOUTH) = Daring, creative, successful for most of the war.

Significance of Antietam

• 1st invasion of the North by Lee.

• 1st major victory against Lee.

• Missed opportunity by McClellan.

• Springboard for Emancipation Proclamation.

Why did Britain stay neutral?

• British were generally anti-slavery.

• British found other sources of cotton.

What was Lincoln’s view on slavery?

• Personally – Disliked it.

• Politically – Willing to put up with it if it would help to win the war.

• Strategically – Realized that the Emancipation Proclamation could help win the war.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation and its significance?

• What was it?– Lincoln’s declaration ending slavery

in Confederacy• Significance

– Hurt the south / took away workforce.

– Makes south more desperate. – Kept England out of war.– Changed the nature / tone of the

war.

How did Lincoln deal with dissent?

• Harshly

• Suspended Constitutional protections.

• Habeus Corpus

• 1st Amendment

How did both sides use Conscription?

• Conscription = Draft

• Both sides used it (Confederacy 1st)

• Very unpopular

• Unfairly administered.

Causes of NYC Draft Riots?

• Backlash against conscription

• Attacks against African Americans and the wealthy.

What led to Gettysburg?

• Loss of Jackson

• Lee’s 2nd invasion of the North

• Shoes / Supplies

Gettysburg 3 Days • Day 1 –

– Small parts of Southern / Northern armies encounter each other at Gettysburg

– Lead elements fight. – Both sides get reinforcements

• Day 2 – South (Lee) attacks flank. – North (Chamberlain) successfully

defends Little Round Top• Day 3

– Lee attacks center at Cemetery Ridge.

– Called Pickett’s Charge. Huge disaster.

Why is Gettysburg a turning point?

• 2nd time Lee invaded North, 2nd time he was defeated.

• Lee’s losses are so bad that his army never recovers.

• Can no longer attack, only defend.

• Becomes obvious that Northern numerical superiority will be the factor that wins the war.

What were causes / results of Vicksburg?

• City of Vicksburg controlled traffic on Mississippi R.

• North attacks Vicksburg as logical part of Anaconda Plan.

• City put under siege, eventually captured by Grant.

• After Vicksburg, North controls Mississippi, splits Confederacy in half.

Significance of Gettysburg address?

• Most famous speech in US history.

• Unifies country.

How did defeats at Gettysburg and Vicksburg affect the South?

• Gettysburg –– Lee’s army smashed. – Makes it obvious that

numerical superiority will be the difference.

• Vicksburg – – Grant does the

impossible. – Divides South in half.

How did Confederate morale weaken as the war progressed?

• Expected a short war.

• Huge casualties.

• Lack of supplies.

• Conflicts within Confederate government.

How did Grant / Sherman change the war?

• Less cautious than earlier generals.

• Exploit numerical advantage.

• Total War. – War against civilian

targets, not just military.

– Sherman’s March to the Sea.

The election of 1864• Lincoln re-elected.

• First President to ever face an election during wartime.

• Andrew Johnson (D) becomes Vice President. – Will become a big

problem after Lincoln dies.

How did Civil War end?

• Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.

• Confederate army granted generous terms.

Political changes b/c of Civil War

• 13th Amendment ends slavery.

• Federal government becomes more powerful.

How did Civil War impact economy?

• Paper money (Greenbacks)

• Northern Econ booms. – Rise of big businesses.

• Southern Econ destroyed.– Sharecropping system

replaced slavery.

Costs of war.

• 600,000+ died. – 1 of 30 Americans was

wounded or died. – Mostly from disease. – More than all other US

wars combined. • Financial cost was so high, it

would have been cheaper for the federal government to buy all 4 million slaves in 1860.

Significance of 13th Amendment

• Final end to slavery.

What did Americans do after war?

• Many went west.

• Ex Slaves often became sharecroppers.

How was Lincoln assassinated.

• John Wilkes Booth

• Ford’s Theater

• Leads to Andrew Johnson becoming President.

• Would Lincoln be as important today if he had NOT been assassinated?