DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH

Industrialization in the North•Industry and Manufacturing continue to be the key basis of the North’s economy as factories grow in size and numbers while workers jobs become more specialized

Improved Transportation in the North• Fulton’s steam ship and new clipper ships: ships with

steep hulls and tall sails- allow for increased transportation and trade on waterways, rivers, and the sea.

• The locomotive is invented and by the 1840’s will begin to become the leading form of transportation

• Railroad lines connected the entire country

The Telegraph• Samuel Morse invent the telegraph to easily send

messages as a series of dots and beeps through wires.• Morse develops Morse Code which is a series of dots and

dashes that represents the alphabet• From 1844-1852 over 23,00 miles of telegraph lines are

created

Agricultural Improvements• Cyrus McCormick invents a reaper and John Deere

invents a tractor to make farming easier, it allows for the growth of Midwestern farming

• Despite these advancements the North is still focused on Industry and moves away from agriculture

Changes in the North• The creation of factories lead to the rise of cities• Work conditions worsened as factory owners wanted to

maximize profits• By the 1830’s workers began forming trade unions that

would strike for better working conditions• Women and African Americans worked in factories but

were often discriminated against

Immigration• Immigration reached new heights in the mid 1800s and

the countries’ population boomed• The immigrants brought their languages, customs,

religions, and ways of life with them that often filtered into and became apart of American culture

• Sadly, many of these immigrants faced prejudice and a minor political party known as the Know-Nothing party formed to stop immigration

The South’s Economy• The South’s entire economy was based off of agriculture

and farming• In the Deep South cotton was the chief crop and its

production reached new heights in the late 1800s• In the Upper South tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables

were produced

Farms in the South• Most white farmers were small scaled farmers and can be

spirited into groups• The first group yeomen, were farmers who owned small

farms with no slaves• Tenant farmers worked off other people’s land as they had

none of their own• Finally, the rural poor were the last group who would live

in crude cabins in wooded areas living off the land• The final group were the Plantations and their owners.

Plantations could be several thousand acres and have hundreds of workers and slaves working different jobs

Why no Industry in the South?• The farming and agriculture was so profitable there was

no need• Most southerners had their money in slaves and land and

didn’t have capital to donate for industry• A large proportion of the Southern population were slaves

who had no opportunity to buy manufactured goods• Some simply didn’t want industry

Transportation in the South• The South relied on natural waterways and had far fewer

canals• The South had less and poorer roads• The South had some railroads but far fewer than the

North

Overview of Differences

North

• Focus on Industry and Manufacturing

• Many roads and canals• New growing population• Many railroads• Many telegraph lines

South

• Focus on agriculture• Fewer roads and canals• Stagnant white population

with a growing slave population

• Fewer railroads• Fewer telegraph lines

SLAVERY AND SLAVE CODES

Slavery• Enslaved Africans Americans endured incredible

hardships• Slave Quarters were small huts where slaves would be

huddled together like cattle and their beds were collections of leaves and hay

Slave Family Life• Slave families were very vulnerable as any slave could be

sold at any time, separating the family• Relatives and friends would watch over the children of

slaves whose parents had been sold away

African American Culture• Since the Slave trade had been done away with most of

the slaves in the country had been born there• They held on to their customs with dance, music, folk

stories, colored cloths around their heads, and keeping their religious practices

African American Christianity• Many highly religious Slaves adopted Christianity and

prayed for the day wish they would be free• Slaves often used their own Christian songs to tell secrets

and complain about suffering

Slave Codes• Slave Codes were laws created in the 1830s-1860s to

control enslaved people• Slave codes prevented slaves from assembling in large

groups, leaving plantation without a written pass, and reading and writing

• This was all to prevent Slaves from revolting and rarely did slaves revolt…although one famous Slave revolt lead by Nat Turner resulted in 55 white deaths

Writing Prompt• Think about one of the pictures that we looked at and

write a paragraph or two describing how that photo made you feel about slavery? Would you fight to prevent slavery? Why did this photo stand out to you?

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

The Underground Railroad• The Underground Railroad was a network of safe houses

owned by free blacks and whites who opposed slavery. The Underground Railroad offered protection and help to escapees

• Slaves had to overcome woods, swamps, being chased, and only knowing the way by being guided by the North Star

• Famous escaped slaves like Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass escaped through the railroad

Harriet Tubman• The most famous Underground railroad “conductor was

Harriet Tubman• Tubman made 19 different trips to the south to free slaves

assisting over 300 African Americans, including her parents, to escape slavery

Classwork• For the rest of the period create a journal as if you were a

runaway slave escaping on the Underground Railroad. This journal should be no less then a page long and should include the names of at least two towns you pass through on the journey. You should also tell of the experiences you have along the way describing people you meet, where you stay, or some close calls you may have.

• Use the notes we took in class, the Frederick Douglass reading we just went over, and pages 406 and 422-423 for references while creating your journal

• Good Luck!!