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Here are the most important similarities and differences between the Pentium 4 and the Celeron chips

coming out today:

Core - The Celeron chip is based on a Pentium 4 core.

Cache - Celeron chips have less cache memory than Pentium 4 chips do. A Celeron might have

128 kilobytes of L2 cache, while a Pentium 4 can have four times that. The amount of L2 cache memorycan have a big effect on performance.

Clock speed - Intel manufactures the Pentium 4 chips to run at a higher clock speed than Celeron chips.

The fastest Pentium 4 might be 60 percent faster than the fastest Celeron.

Bus speed - There are differences in the maximum bus speeds that the processors allow. Pentium 4s

tend to be about 30 percent faster than Celerons.

When you sort all this out and compare the two chips side by side, it turns out that a Celeron and a

Pentium 4 chip running at the same speed are different beasts. The smaller L2 cache size and slower bus

speeds can mean serious performance differences depending on what you want to do with

your computer . If all you do is check e-mail and browse the Web, the Celeron is fine, and the pricedifference can save you a lot of money. If you want the fastest machine you can buy, then you need to gowith the Pentium 4 to get the highest clock speeds and the fastest system bus.See the next page for

more CPU and processing information.

CELERON PROCESSOR -

Intel Celeron family is a line of budget x86 processors based on Pentium designs. Originally basedon Intel Pentium II architecture, the Celeron processors migrated over time to Pentium III , NetBurst(Pentium 4) and Core architectures. Priced lower than their Pentium counterparts, the Celeronprocessors have certain high-end processor features disabled. For example, P6-based Celerons hadmultiprocessing disabled, while more modern CPUs may have disabled Hyper-Threading,Virtualization, AES instructions, and/or other features. The Celerons are slower than similar-clockedPentiums due to smaller size of L2 cache, and possibly slower bus speed. Celeron CPUs are usuallypackaged the same way as Pentium or Core-branded processors, and can be used in motherboardsdesigned for Pentium/Core microprocessors. For more information about the differences betweenCeleron and Pentium CPUs please see Celeron vs Pentium page.

Distinguishing between different generations of Celeron desktop processors is easy because they useddifferent package types. Celerons based on Pentium II core were packaged either in Slot 1 or plasticPPGA package. Intel Celeron chips, based on Pentium III core, were manufactured in FC-PGA package.NetBurst generation of Celeron microprocessors were packaged in 478-pin package with integratedheatsink. Core-based Celerons were produced in 775-land LGA (pinless) package, compatible withsocket 775.

In addition to Celeron processors, there were a few Intel families that used "Celeron" brand name aspart of the name. These were:

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Celeron D - a line of desktop budget CPUs built on NetBurst micro-architecture. Celeron M - a group of families of single-core mobile microprocessors. Celeron Dual-Core - a family of budget dual-core CPUs, that spanned a few different micro-

architectures. This family was eventually re-branded as "Celeron". Mobile Celeron Dual-Core - a line of mobile dual-core microprocessors for value market. The family is

branded now as "Mobile Celeron".

BUS

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA ) is a computer bus standard for IBM PC compatible computersintroduced with the IBM Personal Computer to support its Intel 8088 microprocessor 's 8-bit external databus and extended to 16 bits for the IBM Personal Computer/AT 's Intel 80286 processor. The ISA bus was

further extended for use with 32-bit processors as Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA). Forgeneral desktop computer use it has been supplanted by later buses such as IBM Micro Channel , VESALocal Bus , Peripheral Component Interconnect and other successors. A derivative of the AT bus structureis still used in the PC/104 bus, and internally within Super I/O chips

ISA bus architecture

The PC/XT-bus is an eight -bit ISA bus used by Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 systems in the IBM PC and IBMPC XT in the 1980s. Among its 62 pins wer e demultiplexed and electrically buffered versions of the eightdata and 20 address lines of the 8088 processor, along with power lines, clocks, read/write strobes,interrupt lines, etc. Power lines included -5V and +/-12 V in order to directly support pMOS andenhancement mode nMOS circuits such as dynamic RAMs among other things. The XT bus architectureuses a single Intel 8259 PIC , giving eight vectorized and prioritized interrupt lines. It hasfour DMA channels originally provided by the Intel 8237 , three of the DMA channels are brought out to theXT bus expansion slots; of these, two are normally already allocated to machine functions (diskette driveand hard disk controller):

The Extended Industry Standard Architecture (in practice almost always shortened to EISA andfrequently pronounced "eee-suh") is a bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers . It was announcedin September 1988 by a consortium of PC clone vendors (the "Gang of Nine") as a counter to IBM's useof its proprietary Micro Channel architecture (MCA) in its PS/2 series .[1]

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EISA extends the AT bus, which the Gang of Nine retroactively renamed to the ISA bus to avoid infringingIBM's trademark on its PC/AT computer , to 32 bits and allows more than one CPU to share the bus.The bus mastering support is also enhanced to provide access to 4 GB of memory. Unlike MCA, EISAcan accept older XT and ISA boards the lines and slots for EISA are a superset of ISA.

EISA was much favoured by manufacturers due to the proprietary nature of MCA, and even IBMproduced some machines supporting it. It was somewhat expensive to implement (though not as much asMCA), so it never became particularly popular in desktop PCs. However, it was reasonably successful inthe server market, as it was better suited to bandwidth-intensive tasks (such as disk access andnetworking). Most EISA cards produced were either SCSI or network cards. EISA was also available onsome non-IBM compatible machines such as the AlphaServer , HP 9000 -D,SGI Indigo2 and MIPSMagnum .

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