Diff Parts of Body Levels

7/29/2019 Diff Parts of Body Levels

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Hemoglobin level :

Hemoglobin in your blood plays a crucial role in your body. Your level of hemoglobin decides how well

oxygen and carbon travels in your body. Both oxygen and carbon is very important for your survival. Your

cells needs and craves oxygen to survive. Carbon is a waste material that your body needs to get rid of.

Hemoglobin in your bloodstream helps to transport oxygen to your cells. In addition hemoglobin helps to get

rid of potentially dangerous carbon.

() [1]

-.

() ,

.

97% () 35% .

1.36 1.37 O2

, .

For normal ranges for hemoglobin you should have:

Age Level of hemoglobin

Newborn Between 17 and 22 gm/dLChildren Between 11 and 15 gm/dL

If you are a grown-up male Between 14 and 18 gm/dL

If you are a grown-up women Between 12 and 16 gm/dL

After middle age (men) Approximately between 12 and 15 gm/dL

After middle age (women) Approximately between 12 and 14 gm/dL

White blood cells, orleukocytes(also spelled "leucocytes") arecellsof theimmune systeminvolved

in defending the body against bothinfectious diseaseand foreign materials. Five[1]

different and diverse

types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from amultipotentcell in thebone

marrowknown as ahematopoietic stem cell. They live for about three to four days in the average human

body. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including thebloodandlymphatic system
http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8#cite_note-1http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8#cite_note-1http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-isbn978-0-323-04950-4-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-isbn978-0-323-04950-4-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipotenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipotenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipotenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_marrowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipotenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell#cite_note-isbn978-0-323-04950-4-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8#cite_note-1


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WBC count

A WBC count is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs).

White blood cells help fight infections. They are also called leukocytes. There are five major types of

white blood cells:

Basophils

Eosinophils

Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)

Monocytes

Neutrophils

(WBC), (:- -),

[1]

, ,

, [2]

4109

1.11010

, 1% [3]

(leukocytosis)

(leucopenia) ,

, , , , ( )

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), also called a sedimentation rate orWestergren ESR, is

the rate at whichred blood cellssediment in a period of one hour. It is a commonhematologytest, and is

a non-specific measure ofinflammation. To perform the test, anticoagulatedbloodis placed in an upright

tube, known as a Westergren tube, and the rate at which the red blood cellsfall is measured and reported

in mm/h.

(red blood cells),

.[1]. H== ==

(periphery)
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The hematocrit (Ht orHCT, British spelling haematocrit), also known as packed cell volume (PCV)

orerythrocyte volume fraction (EVF), is the volume percentage (%) ofred blood cellsinblood. It is

normally about 45% for men and 40% for women.[1]

It is considered an integral part of a

person'scomplete blood countresults, along withhemoglobinconcentration,white blood cellcount,

andplateletcount.

The mean corpuscular volume, or "mean cell volume" (MCV), is a measure of the averagered blood

cellvolume that is reported as part of a standardcomplete blood count. The MCV is calculated by dividing

the total volume of packed red blood cells (also known as hematocrit) by the total number of red blood

cells. The resulting number is then multiplied by 10. The red blood cells get packed together when they

are spun around at high speeds in a centrifuge.

What Are the Components of Human Blood?Blood is the fluid that sustains life. The components of blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and

plasma. Some blood cells carry oxygen (necessary for metabolic reactions), some blood cells fight off invading

substances that could destroy your cells, and other blood cells help to form clots, which keep your body from losing

too much blood.

The fluid portion of the blood carries nutrients needed to fuel each cell in the body. It also shuttles wastes that need to

be transported to the excretory system to be passed out of the body and carbon dioxide that needs to be transportedto the lungs to be exhaled.

Red blood cells

The red blood cells, which are also called erythrocytes (erythro means red; cytes = cells) have the important

responsibility of carrying the oxygen throughout the body.Hemoglobinexists in the red blood cells. Hemoglobin not

only binds oxygen and transports it to capillaries, but it also helps to transport carbon dioxide from the capillaries back

to the lungs to be exhaled.

By transporting oxygen and hemoglobin, blood is an extremely important part ofhomeostasis a conglomerate of

processes that allows your body to adjust to changes in external temperatures and hormone levels. But, many of the

processes that occur to help your body adjust to changes could not happen without the blood transporting certain

hormones, nutrients, oxygen, or electrolytes.

If a person has too few red blood cells, as determined by a red blood cell count, or if there is not enough hemoglobin

in the red blood cell, he or she is diagnosed withanemia. Because hemoglobin carries oxygen, anemia often causes

people to feel fatigued.

Anemia can be caused by any of the following:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrit#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrit#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrit#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-hemoglobinhttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-hemoglobinhttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-hemoglobinhttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-homeostasishttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-homeostasishttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-homeostasishttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-anemiahttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-anemiahttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-anemiahttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-anemiahttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-homeostasishttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/what-are-the-components-of-human-blood.html#glossary-hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_counthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematocrit#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell


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Dietary deficiencies

Metabolic disorders

Hereditary conditions

Damaged bone marrow

Red blood cells are created in the red bone marrow. They live about 120 days shuttling oxygen and carbon dioxide,

and then certain white blood cells destroy them in the liver and spleen. As the red blood cells are destroyed, the iron

they contain is recycled back to the red bone marrow to be used in new cells. The rest of the material in the old red

blood cells is degraded and transported to the digestive system, where much of it ends up in fecal matter.

White blood cells

The white blood cells, which are also called leukocytes (leuko = white), are involved in functions controlled by the

immune system. The immune system is responsible for fighting infections. If a person has a low white blood cell

count, it means that the immune system is not functioning properly. If a white blood cell count is too high, it indicates

that the person has some type of infection.

There are five important types of white blood cells:

Basoph i lsrelease histamines. Histamines are those annoying little chemical molecules that cause you to

swell up with hives, itch like crazy, sneeze, wheeze, and get teary-eyed when you are around something to

which you are allergic. All of those reactions cause inflammation, which enlists the help of stronger white blood

cells. Sneezing and getting watery eyes are physiologic reactions to help flush the offending allergen from your

mucous membranes.

Eos inoph i lseat other cells. The technical term for the eating of a cell is phagocytosis, so eosinophils are

said to phagocytize complexes formed betweenantigens(the invading offender) and antibodies (a home team

defender).

Lymphocy teskill cells that contain viruses. Lymphocytes scan the body looking for viruses. There are two

types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. T cells are the type of virus hunters measured in a person with

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). If the T-cell count decreases, it indicates that the human

immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS is winning the fight in that infected persons body.

Monocytesare precursors to macrophages, meaning big eater. Macrophages digest bacteria and

viruses.

Neutrophi lsare the most abundant white blood cells in the body. These cells phagocytize bacteria, and in

doing so keep your system from being overrun by every germ with which it comes into contact.

Platelets

Platelets are pieces of cells that work to form blood clots. They work to keep your body from losing too much blood

when you sustain an injury and help in wound healing.
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Plasma

When blood is put into a test tube and spun in acentrifuge, the blood cells and platelets gravitate to the bottom of the

tube, and the plasma is a clear layer on top. Think of the action inside blood vessels; imagine plasma as a river and

the blood cells and platelets as leaves floating in it. Plasma is the stream in bloodstream. The plasma contains

many important proteins, without which you would die.

Two major proteins contained in plasma are:

Gamma globulin (also called immunoglobulin): Gamma globulin is a broad term for a class of proteins that

make up the different types of antibodies. The production of antibodies, which help to fight infections, is

controlled by the immune system.

Fibrinogen: Fibrinogen is a protein involved in blood clotting.

Platelets

Platelets (PLATE-lets) are blood cell fragments that help your blood clot. They stick together to sealcuts or breaks on blood vessel walls and stop bleeding.

Abnormal platelet levels might be a sign of a bleeding disorder (not enough clotting) or a thromboticdisorder (too much clotting).

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin) is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.Abnormal hemoglobin levels might be a sign of anemia,sickle cell anemia,thalassemia(thal-a-SE-me-ah), or other blood disorders.

If you have diabetes, excess glucose (sugar) in your blood can attach to hemoglobin and raise the

level of hemoglobin A1c.

Hematocrit

Hematocrit (hee-MAT-oh-crit) is a measure of how much space red blood cells take up in your blood. Ahigh hematocrit level might mean you're dehydrated. A low hematocrit level might mean you haveanemia. Abnormal hematocrit levels also might be a sign of a blood or bone marrow disorder.

Mean Corpuscular Volume

Mean corpuscular (kor-PUS-kyu-lar) volume (MCV) is a measure of the average size of your red bloodcells. Abnormal MCV levels might be a sign of anemia or thalassemia.

Blood Chemistry Tests/Basic Metabolic Panel

The basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a group of tests that measures different chemicals in the blood.These tests usually are done on the fluid (plasma) part of blood.

The BMP can give doctors information about your muscles (including the heart), bones, and organs(such as the kidneys and liver).
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The BMP includes blood glucose, calcium, electrolyte, and kidney function tests. Some of these testsrequire you to fast (not eat any food) before the test, and others don't. Your doctor will tell you how toprepare for the test(s) you're having.

Blood Glucose

Glucose is a type of sugar that the body uses for energy. Abnormal glucose levels in your blood mightbe a sign of diabetes.

For some blood glucose tests, you have to fast before your blood is drawn. Other blood glucose testsare done after a meal or at any time with no preparation.

Calcium

Calcium is an important mineral in the body. Abnormal calcium levels in the blood might suggestkidney problems, bone disease, thyroid disease, cancer, malnutrition, or another disorder.

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are minerals that help maintain fluid levels and acid-base balance in the body. Theyinclude sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and chloride.

Abnormal electrolyte levels might be a sign of dehydration, kidney disease, liver disease,heartfailure,high blood pressure, or other disorders.

Kidney Function

Blood tests for kidney function measure levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (kre-AT-ih-neen). Both of these are waste products that the kidneys filter out of the body. Abnormal BUN andcreatinine levels might suggest a kidney disease or disorder.

Blood Enzyme Tests

Enzymes help control chemical reactions in your body. There are many blood enzyme tests. This

section focuses on blood enzyme tests used to help diagnose aheart attack. These tests includetroponin and creatine (KRE-ah-teen) kinase (CK) tests.

Troponin

Troponin is a protein that helps your muscles contract. When muscle or heart cells are injured,troponin leaks out, and its levels in your blood rise.

For example, blood levels of troponin rise when you have a heart attack. For this reason, doctors often

order troponin tests when patients have chest pain or otherheart attack signs and symptoms.

Creatine Kinase

A blood product called CK-MB is released when the heart muscle is damaged. High levels of CK-MB inthe blood can mean that you've had a heart attack.
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Blood Tests To Assess Heart Disease Risk

A lipoprotein panel is a blood test that can help show whether you're at risk forcoronary heartdisease(CHD). This test looks at substances in your blood that carry cholesterol.

A lipoprotein panel gives information about your:

Total cholesterol.

LDL ("bad") cholesterol. This is the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockages in thearteries. (For more information about blockages in the arteries, go to the HealthTopicsAtherosclerosisarticle.)

HDL ("good") cholesterol. This type of cholesterol helps decrease blockages in the arteries.

Triglycerides. Triglycerides are a type of fat in your blood.

A lipoprotein panel measures the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood.Abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels might be signs of increased risk of CHD.

Most people will need to fast for 9 to 12 hours before a lipoprotein panel.

Blood Clotting Tests

Blood clotting tests sometimes are called a coagulation (KO-ag-yu-LA-shun) panel. These tests check

proteins in your blood that affect the blood clotting process. Abnormal test results might suggest thatyou're at risk of bleeding or developing clots in your blood vessels.

Your doctor may recommend these tests if he or she thinks you have a disorder or disease related toblood clotting.

Blood clotting tests also are used to monitor people who are taking medicines to lower the risk ofblood clots. Warfarin and heparin are two examples of such medicines.
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Diff Parts of Body Levels