Dieu Khien Dong Co Dung Bien Tan ABB

8/13/2019 Dieu Khien Dong Co Dung Bien Tan ABB

1/102

N: IU KHIN NG C DNG BIN TN ABB ACS 150

MC LCTrang

LI M U.........................................................................................................................4LI CM N.........................................................................................................................5 Nhn xt ca gio i!n h"#ng $%n.........................................................................................& Nhn xt ca gio i!n 'h(n )i*n...........................................................................................+C,-N /L0 T,U12T LI3N U N...................................................................................................6

I. i#i thi*7 89ch :; )i


2/102


E.B. Z itching r^G7^nc] o'tiFa8 QfM F^tho$Y Z`[ QfM\................................5EE.E. Qh" ng 'h' ^ctor ?h@ng gian.........................................................................54E.4 i(n _ ^ctor i*n ' )X )i


3/102


&. TPo O :oPn th(o FXt giao $i*n ng"Di $~ng.............................................................J+. COi t th@ng :k cho inCC |7ntiF^......................................................................J

C,-N BT,C ,IN N...........................................................................................................JB

I. L"7 _ gi(i th7t ch" ng trnh id7 ?hi>n Fotor.........................................................JBII. id7 ?hi>n )vng ta].....................................................................................................JBIII. id7 ?hi>n )vng fIN CC QLC M[}UL zBE5...................................................JE

/.COi t th@ng :k.........................................................................................................JEB. Ch" ng trinh id7 ?hi>n QLC fICC...................................................................JE

B./ Ch" ng trnh QLC...............................................................................................JEB.B TPo It^F trong QC cc^::...................................................................................J6B.E. iao $i*n fINCC ..............................................................................................JJ

C,-N EN, I b2T LUN................................................................................................./ /TI LIU T, M b,[................................................................................................../ B

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() +


4/102


L,I M- US#i :W 'ht tri>n ?h@ng ng ng ca ?hoa hHc ? th7t c )i*t 8O ngOnh i*n t

"lc ng $ ng rAt nhid7 trong c@ng nghi*'. Trong 8nh Wc id7 ?hi>n "lc ' $ ng nhitrong :(n x7At c@ng nghi*' ?h@ng th> thi n hOnh c

thkng 'h c tP' trong nhO F]. ChKnh ] > hi>7 ry h n d cc $R] ch7]dn tW Xng th trong _ n hai nO] chjng t@i tF hi>7 FXt ng $ ng ca ngOnh i*n t; t )i*t 8O 8Wc tW Xng hea nhvF F c Kch F@ 'h ng cc h* thkng e $"#i nh ng 8inh ?i*n FO F

"lc hHc. C th> 8O trong _ n nO] chjng t@i : ?h(o :t O id7 ?hi>n tkc X Xnth@ng G7a )i


5/102


L,I C hoOn thOnh d tOi nO] chjng ^F "lc :W chu )(o tn tnh ca th=] gio h"#n

$%n O :W gij' ca cc )Pn trong 8#'. NhRn R] chjng ^F xin trRn trHng c(F n th=T&9( !=( T&/(" trWc ti


6/102


N"@( 4 ' )/EF >/?( " () J(##########################################################################################################################################

#################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################

###################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################

#########################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'()


7/102


N"@( 4 ' )/EF >/?( " ( /O(##########################################################################################################################################

#################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################

###################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################

#########################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() P


8/102


CHQNG 1LR THU T LI N UAN

I# G/ / "/O VW4" XY /8( 9(

1# LW4" XY "E &/2( 4E4 V/(" Z/O( E( J( 4[() X \#ZW 'ht tri>n ca tr7]dn Xng i*n thjc ] cho :W 'ht tri>n ca ngOnh i*n c@ng nghi*'. T7] nhi!n nh ng ng $ ng ca ne c n nhid7 hPn ch< thin FPnh F th^o hai h"#ng 8O ? th7t i*n t; tKn hi*7 O i*n t; c@ng :7At. TrongngOnh ? th7t i*n t; tKn hi*7 ch ]


9/102


Trong thWc t< ce rAt nhid7 hoPt Xng trong c@ng nghi*' ce 8i!n G7an x^F :W wn 9nh ca tkc X Xng c Fang ] ce nh ng tkc X 8OF i*c F#i 'h~ hl' #i ]!7 c=7 ca 'h t(ic . Ce hai 'h" ng 'h' > id7 chunh tkc X Xng c

Vig ` h id7 chunh 8"7 8"lng t" ng ng #i id7 chunh tkc X V F O 7Pt. id7 chunh ' :7At t" ng ng #i id7 chunh gec F ca an. i(F tin ?h@ng rXng O $ )9 G7 i*n ' ngy ra

ce hi*n t"lng ) o hoO t ca 8yi th' F] )i


10/102


Vin )i ?hc 'h c nh ng hPn ch< nei tr!n ng"Di ta 'ht Finh ra )in t(i nRng cao c@ng :7At twn hax7kng e 8O nh ng "7 i>F "lt trXi ca )in wi c@:7At ?hc. M c $~ )X )in )vng h* thkng :k :a7 nsF

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() 10


11/102


/J6 . Cc tKnh ton id7 ?hi>n cho tAt c( )in nh" hnh /.a )ao g_F / c ' ZC| gh' nki )ac? to )ac? ki ngh9ch gi a ng7_nC O t(i cho ta i*n ' ce $Png :eng ki ngh9ch hai chid7 ki x ng. C ' ZC| ce th> "lc

tha] th< )vng Triac nh" hnh /.) cho ng7_n c@ng :7At thA' #i :W )k trK nh" hnh /.c g_Fhai ikt O hai ZC| > c7ng cA' i*n ' )nh th"Dng cWc RF 8OF n gi(n FPch G7a c;c=n cho :W cch 8]. Trong hnh /$ #i / ZC| O 4 ikt 8OF gi(F )#t twn thAt nh"ng 8Pi tsngth!F :W hao 'hK nhi*t. MXt :W ?n ngy ra ?h@ng ki x ng FXt chid7 #i 'h" ng th c tW ?i>F :ot nh"ng ce cAthOnh }C Oo O h n n a ?h@ng thWc t< > 8oPi tr twn hao c@ng :7At $o :W nent(i.

Hnh 1. M hnh iu khin in p mt pha.Hnh a) Ghp ni hai SCR. Hnh b) S !n" #$ia%. Hnh %)&'t h(p hai SCR * hai +it. Hnh )Mt SCR k't h(p ,i- +it. Hnh )S/ k't h(p "i0a SCR * +it.

}Png :eng tr!n t(i "lc cho nh" hnh :a7 S#i 8O gec ?Kch ca ZC|.Za7 R] 8O $Png :eng toOn ? FXt 'ha t(i c(F |L trong tr"Dng hl' t(i tr th i*n '

t(i gin oPn c n t(i |L th ?h@ng c n gin oPn n a.



12/102


Hnh . 23n" 45n" mt pha t6*n %hu k ,i t7i t$8

Hnh 9. 23n" 45n" t6*n k mt pha t7i %7m R:;

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() 1*


13/102


Hnh -. #h


14/102


Hnh . SD A m3%h in p ba pha EC Trong hnh a O ) ta thA] : _ FPch )a 'ha id7 ?hi>n cc 'ha Xc 8' nha7 rAt

n gi(n. Trong hnh a ch97 $ ng O ' FXt 'ha tr!n FXt "Dng trong ?hi hnh ) th ch9$ ng tr!n FXt "Dng O ' tr!n FXt "Dng h* :k c@ng :7At trong hnh ) th ?h@ng cgec id7 ?hi>n ca c( hai F@ hnh a O ) )i id7 'hki $ ng gi a t(i O ng7_n. Trohnh ^ O th t(i 8Pi gi a ng7_n O )X )i ch7]>n wi g

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() 1;


15/102


$R] ntha] th< :7 ZC| )vng )a ZC| O )a ikt. Trong hnh g O h th t(i A7 hnh :ao O taFgic hPn ch< 8#n nhAt ca hai F@ hnh 8O i*n ' ra ce nhid7 hOi c )i*t 8O hO )i tKnh ?h@ng ki x ng.

*#+# B/8( 9( &l4 /8 _ "' >gF _ "' &'mSISno#Tri ng"lc #i :W id7 ?hi>n i*n ' C tPi t=n :k ?h@ng wi "lc )On 87n nhid

VX )i


16/102


Hnh 23n" 45n" n"N *6 * n"N $a %>a b bi'n tIn t$/% ti'p t7i t$8 tIn 4 OP1F. J9 HQ.

Hnh 23n" 45n" bi'n tIn t$/% ti'p mt pha *6 mt pha $a tIn 4 OJ1O HQ ,i t7it$8. Hnh a 23n" 45n" in p t7i * n" t7iT Hnh b 23n" 45n" n" %n" 4uBt bi'n Ui.

T7] Kt ?hi "lc :; $ ng nh"ng )i


17/102


Hnh V @i'n tIn t$/% ti'p ba pha na 45n" %un" %Bp mt pha t7i

Hnh 1O 23n" 45n" bi'n tIn t$/% ti'p ba pha na 45n" ,i n" tuIn h6*nTrong hnh J cho thA] : _ ca FPch id7 ?hi>n )in wi G7(n 8K #i :W chunh 8"7 O cch th c tPo ra ' t(i O hai )X ch7]>

> gi(F X gln :eng trong G7 trnh id7 ?hi>n. }Png :eng c )(n :inh ra hai )X ch7]>n

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() 1P


18/102


wi 8O gikng nha7 i*n ' :inh ra ?hc nha7 gi 7 i*n ' )X )in 'ha nh" trnh )O] cc 'h=n tr!n. T7] nhi!n ne cng ce FXt Oi hPn ch


19/102


III# B ()"W4" V1#G/ / "/O 4" ()

M c Kch chKnh ca cc )X ch7]>n wi ng7_n tnh 8O c7ng cA' / $Png :eng ngy ra xchid7 t / ng7_n c7ng cA' FXt chid7. Cc $Png :eng ngy ra nO] "lc ]!7 c=7 trong cc

Xng c ce th> id7 chunh tkc X cc )X c7ng cA' ng7_n 8i!n t c. S#i cc ngy ra 8O :engxoa] chid7 th )i!n X t=n :k O gec 'ha n!n "lc id7 ?hi>n. T~] Oo 8oPi $Png :eng ngra xoa] chid7 cc 'h" ng 'h' nO] ce th> "lc x^F nh" 8O cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n'YSZI: So8tag^ Zo7rc^ In ^rt^r:\ nn FXt cch

Xc 8' 8O $Png :eng i*n '.Cc cA7 trjc nO] h=7 h eng ngt cc ?hea ng7[n O [ . Cc ? th7t id7 ch< "lc :; $ ng nhid7 nhAt 8O ? th7t :eng Fang c )(nYZQfM\ ? th7t ^ctor ?h@ng gian YZS Z'ac^ S^ctor\ O ? th7t hPn ch< hOi c8Hc YZ,z Z^8^cti ^ ,arFonic z8iF8ination\.

VX ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' YSZI\ tPo ra FXt $Png :eng i*n ' ra xoa] chid7 g_F cc gitr9 rDi rPc Y$ $t cao\ $o e t(i n!n ce thOnh 'h=n c(F ?hng tPi cc t=n :k hOi > FXt $Png :eng $ ng i*n F9n. T(i $7ng ?hng trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' : tPo racc unh nhHn ca $ ng 8#n Yc7rr^nt :'i?^:\. Trong tr"Dng hl' nO] ta n!n :; $ ng FXt )X8Hc c(F ?hng gi a 'h=n xoa] chid7 ca SZI O t(i. M t ?hc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n $YCZI\ tPo ra $Png :eng $ ng i*n ngy ra g_F cc gi tr9 rDi rPc Y$i $t 8#n\. }o e t(ch a thOnh 'h=n $7ng ?hng tPi cc t=n :k hOi > tPo ra FXt $Png :eng i*n ' F9n. T(ic(F trong CZI: : :inh ra cc unh nhHn ca ' 8#n. Trong tr"Dng hl' nO] ta n!n $~ngFXt )X 8Hc $7ng ?hng gi a 'h=n xoa] chid7 ca CZI O t(i.

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() 1j


20/102


}Png :eng i*n ' E )c th"Dng ?h@ng "lc $~ng trong cc Xng c ce th> id7 ?hi>n"lc tkc X #i F c i*n ' tr7ng )nh thOnh 'h=n $ $t 8#n : th!F Oo cc cWc cXng c . Cc :W 8Wa chHn > c(i thi*n cc $Png :eng ngy ra xoa] chid7 trong SZI: 8O

'h" ng 'h' a )c YF78ti8^ ^8 O F78tic^88\. Ng7]!n tc c )(n 8O tPo ra $Png :eng ngy th^o ]!7 c=7 t cc F c i*n ' ?hc nha7 O ne tPo ra cc $Png :eng i*n ' tr7ng )nh

#i thOnh 'h=n $ $t "lc gi(F thi>7. Cc 'h" ng 'h' nO] "lc 'ht tri>n FPnh trongZ}: O chjng cng thKch hl' #i )X 8Hc tKch cWc Yacti ^ i8t^r\ O cc )X )~ i*n ? th7t id7 ch< ch7]!n $ ng "lc 'ht tri>n > eng ngt :k 8"lng 8#n h n cc an c@ng:7At. Trong :k cc 'h" ng 'h' id7 ch< e ZQfM O ZS c )(n "lc ng $ ng rAt rXngr i.

Trong nhid7 ng $ ng ce ]!7 c=7 "a nsng 8"lng t 'h=n xoa] chid7 ca )X ngh9ch8"7 O g;i ng"lc d 'h=n FXt chid7. S#i tr"Dng hl' nO] Fi ?hi Z} c=n $ ng 8Pi ho cgi(F tkc X h"#ng ca $ ng 8i!n ? $7] tr i*n ' 8i!n ?FXt chid7 Ynh" trong Z} ch7n\ th nsng 8"lng : )9 ti!7 tn ho c "lc h_i d h* thkng 'hRn 'hki F t ?hc i*n ' 8i!n ?n h"#ng$ ng. > G7 trnh 'hRn tKch "lc n gi(n h n ta coi nh" cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 8O cc th c ?h@ng ce :W ti!7 tkn Yg_F cc ?hea c@ng :7At 8 t" ng\. T7] nhi!n FXt Oi id7 thWc t


21/102


Hnh 9. @ n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn p 1 pha bn %IuMXt id7 c=n 8"7 rvng c( B c@ng tc Z O Z d7 ?h@ng th> "lc $%n _ng th

: gR] ra :W ngn FPch G7a ng7_n ' 8i!n ?


22/102


%hiu ]") n" in mt %hiu ]h) %huci n" in mt %hiu ]i) n" in %>a %S ]d) n" %>a i6 2 .

*#1#1 Ks " @ ]/ 4"8 ] & () () Xt() _'() 46 (# Nh" d c' tr"#c id7 Fong F7kn 8O i*n ' xoa] chid7 ngy ra o N th^o

nh" $Png :eng cho Yce ngha 8O $Png :eng :in\ )vng cch eng ngt FXt cch thKch hcc ?hea c@ng :7At. b th7t id7 ch< X rXng x7ng YQfM\ :eng Fang c )(n xc 9ncc trPng thi eng ngt ca cc ?hea tr!n FXt nhnh ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 )vng cch :o :nFXt tKn hi*7 id7 ch< c Y i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 Fong F7kn\ O FXt :eng taF gic YtKn hi*7 :eng Fang\. Trong thWc t


23/102


Hnh 9.- #h*nh phIn \6aK %hiu %D b7n %>a in p n"N $a t$6n" b n"hW%h ?Lu

n"uAn p bn %Iu ,i kZ thu[t S M b th7t QfM cho 'h' tPo ra FXt i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7. Tr"Dng hl' c )i*t

ca ? th7t nO] 8O ? th7t ZQfM YtKn hi*7 id7 ch< 8O :eng :in\ tPo ra trong ~ng tKnh FXt i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 tha] wi t7] x^F nh" i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 ?h@ng th> tha] wi "lc )vng )X

ngh9ch 8"7. T7] nhi!n ta ce th> tha] wi )vng cch id7 ?hi>n i*n ' 8i!n ? "lc ng $ ng trong cA7 hnh )n c=7 Ynh" ?

th7t 8oPi tr hOi ce chHn 8Wa\.

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() *+


24/102


Hnh 9. 23n" 45n" %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn p bn %Iu ?X tL8n" ,i kZ thu[t i

%h' 45n" un" ]a) in p n"N $a \6aK %hiu ]b) %huci ]phU) %>a in p n"N $a \6%hiu.

*#1#+ Sl VFh/ &w "g/ 4t 4"a( Vl' mSqVq4 />q H'&_F(/4 xV/_/(' /F(o: M c Kch chKnh 8O Pt "lc FXt $Png :eng i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 hnh :in #

thOnh 'h=n c )(n ce th> "lc id7 chunh FXt cch t~] trong FXt 'hPF i O cc hOithWc chAt "lc 8oPi tr FXt cch ce chHn 8Hc. id7 nO] Pt "lc )vng cch tPo ra FXt cchKnh xc cc thDi i>F eng O ngt ca cc an c@ng :7At Y'o ^r a8 ^:\. i*n ' ng

xoa] chid7 chu ch a cc hOi 8 Y oh h B 4 & \. T7] nhi!n $Png :eng i*n 'ha Y o N trong hnh E.B\ n!n "lc eng ngt N 8=n tr!n Fi )n ? > id7 chunthOnh 'h=n c )(n O 8oPi tr cc hOi N / trong $Png :eng i*n ' ngy ra. SK $ > 8occ hOi )c th E O th 5 O id7 ?hi>n X 8#n ca thOnh 'h=n c )(n YN E\ ta gi(cc )i>7 th c :a7

YE.6\Cc gec / B O E "lc xc 9nh nh" trong hnh E.&a. Cc gec "lc xc 9nh )vng

'h" ng 'h' ca th7t ton 8 ' 8Pi ?h@ng ce cc ?


25/102


YE.J\S#i / B N n!n th a / p B p p N p B. T" ng tW > hPn ch< FXt :k cc hO

K $ )c E 5 O + O > id7 ?hi>n )i!n X ca thOnh 'h=n c )(n YN / gi(i G7]7 th c :a7

YE./ \Cc gec / B E O4 "lc xc 9nh nh" trong hnh 4.&). Cc gec / B E O4 "l$A7 #i cc gi tr9 ?hc nha7 ca o/ i trong hnh 4.+).

Hnh 9. C% "5% 5n" n"=t ,i SH * 4/ iu khin in p %D b7n t$6n" b n"hW%h ?Ln"uAn p na %Iu ]a) 4/ ?63i t$j %% h*i thY 9 * ]b) 4/ ?63i t$j %% h*i thY 9T T * Vi>7 th c ch7ng > 8oPi tr FXt :k cc hOi 8 N / YN / E 5 + \ "lc cho )

YE.//\> thWc hi*n ? th7t id7 ch< Z,z )X id7 ch< n!n tPo ra F@ hnh cwng t~] th^o

gec nh" trong hnh E.+. Nhi*F nO] 87@n "lc thWc hi*n ) i cc h* thkng :k FO nth@ng th"Dng ch a cc gec trong cc )(ng tra c 7.

*#1#; Dk() V/?( Z8 _ 4"/ mDC L/(Z C &&q( o Cc t i*n "lc x^F nh" 8O FXt 'h=n ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 O ] FXt ng7_n i*

cRn )vng t c thDi ?h@ng th> "lc coi 8O nhD cc thOnh 'h=n 8"7 tr nsng 8"lng YC OT7] nhi!n n


26/102


YE./B\S#i T 8O thDi gian ca i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7. S#i t(i c(F O t=n :k eng ngt ?h

cao $ ng t(i io th g=n nh" $Png :in O ] chu ce thOnh 'h=n c )(n ca i*n ' ngc7ng cA'


27/102


V(ng E.B Cc trPng thi eng ngt ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' FXt 'ha toOn c=7

id7 ?i*n ?h@ng xc 9nh n!n "lc trnh > i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 87@n ce th> x

9nh "lc. > trnh :W ngn FPch G7a "Dng $%n FXt chid7 Y$c )7:\ O trPng thi ?h@xc 9nh ca i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 ? th7t id7 ch< n!n (F )(o rvng c( c@ng tc tr!n ha] $"#i ca Fi nhnh d7 ?h@ng c~ng $%n tPi )At c thDi i>F nOo. Ta ce th> thrvng i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 ce th> Pt F ca $Png :eng i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 chu ce Bgi tr9 8O i O i . > tPo ra cc trPng thi nO] ta ce th> $~ng ? th7t :eng Fang nh" trong cA7 trjc )n c=7 Yhnh E.E\ chu $~ng FXt tKn hi*7 id7 ch< $Png :eng :in. Tachj 8O trPng thi eng ca c@ng tc Z trong $Png )n c=7 th t" ng " ng #i trPng thon ca c( hai c@ng tc Z/ O ZB trong $Png toOn c=7. T" ng tW trPng thi eng ctc Z trong $Png )n c=7 th t" ng " ng #i trPng thi on ca c( hai c@ng tc Z/ O Z

trong $Png toOn c=7. Qh" ng 'h' nO] "lc gHi 8O ? th7t id7 ch< X rXng x7ng :eng 8"ng cWc. }Png :eng i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' toOn c=7 dc )(n 8O $Png :eng :in )i!n X ca thOnh 'h=n c )(n o/ th a )i>7 th c :a7 trong ~nt7]7 th c

:a7

YE./&\ *#*#* Ks " @ vM ]6( 4l4#

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() *P


28/102


Tri #i 'h" ng 'h' 8"ng cWc ? th7t QfM n cWc $~ng cc trPng thi / BO 4 Y)(ng E.B\ > tPo ra i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7. S ] $Png :eng i*n ' ngy ra xo

chid7 ce th> _ng thDi Pt "lc FXt trong E gi tr9 i i O . > tPo ra cc gi trce th> $~ng ? th7t :eng Fang c )(n nh" trong hnh E.J )vng cch $~ng B tKn hi*7 idch< $Png :eng :in Y c O c \. TKn hi*7 c "lc $~ng > tPo ra aN O c "lc tPo ra )N. S ] )N/ aN/. M t ?hc o/ aN/ )N/ B aN/ ]o/B aN/Fa i. Qh" ng 'h' nO] "lc gHi 8O ? th7t id7 ch< X rXng :eng :in ncWc.

Cc ?F nO] "lc x^F nh" 8O FXt "7 ) i ne cho 'h' :; $ ng cc thOnh 'h=n ca )X 8Hc nh h n > Pt "lc $Png :eng i*n' O $ ng i*n ce chAt 8"lng cao #i c~ng t=n :k eng ngt nh" cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n' :; $ ng 'h" ng 'h' 8"ng cWc.

'# Sl VFh/ &w "g/ 4t 4"a( Va4Tri #i cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' )n c=7 'h" ng 'h' nO] "lc ' $ ng cho Fi

8oPi $R] Y'^r 8in^ a:hion\ cho cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' toOn c=7. i*n ' ngy ra xochid7 chu ch a cc hOi 8. , n n a $Png :eng i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 Y o a) tronhnh 4.6\ n!n ce N x7ng tr!n Fi )n ?~ > id7 chunh thOnh 'h=n c )(n O 8oPi tr chOi N /. SK $ > 8oPi tr cc hOi th E 5 O + O > id7 ?hi>n )i!n X ca th )(n N4\ ta gi(i G7]7 th c :a7

YE./J\

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() *b


29/102


Hnh 9.V C% 3n" 45n" %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn p t6*n %Iu ?X tL8n" ,i kZ t

S M Dn %/% ]ma ^ O. T m_ ^ ) ]a) t`n hiu iu %h' * t`n hiu 45n" man" ]b) t$thi %>a %n" t=% S1 ]%) t$3n" thi %>a %n" t=% S ] ) in p n"N $a \6aK %h phU in p n"N $a \6aK %hiu ]_) n" in n"N $a \6aK %hiu ]") n" in mt %]h) phU %>a n" in mt %hiu ]i) n" in %>a %n" t=% S1 ]d) n" i6 21

S#i cc gec / B E O 4 "lc xc 9nh nh" trong hnh E./ Ya\. Cc gec / B E"lc nh $A7 #i cc gi tr9 ?hc nha7 ca o/ i trong hnh E.//a. C@ng th c ch7ng

8oPi tr FXt :k cc hOi FXt cch t~] N / YN / E 5 + \ 8O

YE.B \

S#i / B N n!n th a / p B p p N p B. ,nh E./ c cho )in. id7 nO] "lc )i


30/102


FXt cch $ $Ong )vng cch $~ng B tKn hi*7 ch7]>n FPch $Png :eng 7@ng $9ch 'ha nhnh" trong hnh E./B.

Hnh 9.1O C% 3n" 45n" %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn p bn %Iu ?X tL8n" ,i kZ thSH ]a) 4/ ?63i t$j %% h*i thY 9T * %>a in p n"N $a \6aK %hiu ]b) phU %]%) in p n"N $a a% ,i 4/ iu khin %D b7n ] ) %huci]phU) %>a ]%).

Hnh 9.11 C% "5% 5n" n"=t Yn" ,i kZ thu[t SH * 4/ iu khin in p %D b7n

%>a %% b n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn p bn %Iu ]a) 4/ iu khin %D b7n * 4/ ?63i t$j h*iT ]b) iu khin %D b7n

ec $9ch 'ha tr thOnh B / Yhnh E.//)\. S ] )i!n X ca thOnh 'h=n c )(n O

ca cc hOi trong i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 "lc cho ) i

YE.B/\Ta cng ce th> thA] trong hnh E./Bc > / th c=n 'h(i Pt "lc :eng 7@ng. Trong

tr"Dng hl' nO] i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 c )(n th^o c@ng th c

YE.BB\S#i i*n ' t(i c )(n ce th> "lc id7 ?hi>n )vng cch :; $ ng i*n ' 8i!n ?


31/102


Hnh 9.1 23n" 45n" %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn p t6*n %Iu ?X tL8n" Yn" ,i 4/ ikhin in p b n" 4/ \5a bo in p ]a) t$3n" thi %>a %n" t=% S1 ]b) t$3n" thi %%n" t=% S ]%) in p n"N $a \6aK %hiu ] ) phU %>a ]%). 4 it%h S1. 4tat ]S . 4tat ]%)

). Dk() V/?( Z8 _ 4"/ mDC L/(Z C &&q( oS thWc t< 8O )X ngh9ch 8"7 "lc x^F nh" 8O ?h@ng :e :W ti!7 tn O "lc cA7

?h@ng ch a cc 8inh ?i*n tKch tr nsng 8"lng n!n c@ng :7At t c thDi )vng nha7

YE.BE\ki #i t(i c(F O t=n :k eng ngt ?h cao $ ng t(i io g=n nh" $Png :in. S#i 'h'

ton xA' xu i*n ' ngy ra xoa] chid7 cng ce th> "lc x^F nh" 8O $Png :eng :in. M t?hc n


32/102


}Png FPch ch7n ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' E 'ha nh" trong hnh E./E O 6 trPngthi eng ngt "lc cho trong )(ng E.E. Nh" trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' FXt 'ha cc c@ngtc ca )At ? nhnh nOo ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 YZ/ O Z4 ZE O Z& ho c Z5 O ZB ?

eng _ng thDi ne : gR] n!n :W ngn FPch G7a ng7_n ' 8i!n ?a b n"hW%h ?Lu p 9 phaTrong :k 6 trPng thi )(ng 4.E ce B trPng thi Y+ O 6\ tPo ra i*n ' $R] xoa] chi

)vng . Trong tr"Dng hl' nO] cc $ ng i*n $R] xoa] chid7 : "lc $%n G7a FXt troncc 8inh ?i*n tr!n ho c $"#i. Cc trPng thi c n 8Pi Y/ tPo ra cc i*n ' ca t(i 8*ch 'ha nha7 FXt gec /B o ta c=n :; $ ngtKn hi*7 id7 ch< 8*ch 'ha nha7 /B o. ,nh E./4 cho thA] $Png :eng 8 t" ng ca )X ngh9c8"7 ' )a 'ha #i ? th7t id7 ch< ZQfM. > :; $ ng FXt tKn hi*7 :eng Fang O > (F )(o cc c i>F ca ? th7t id7 ch< X rXng x7Fg t=n :k :eng Fang ch7n F n!n cc gi tr9 8 O 8O )Xi :k ca E. S ] tAt c( cc i*n ' 'ha Y aN )N cN\ nha7 nh"ng 8*ch 'ha nha7 /B O ?h@ng ch a hOi h n n a cc hOi tPi cc t=n :k 8ca E th )vng nha7 d )i!n X O 'ha trong tAt c( cc 'ha. SK $ n


33/102


YE.B&\Th hOi th J trong 'ha )N : 8O

YE.B+\ S ] i*n ' $R] ngy ra xoa] chid7 a) aN )N : ?h@ng ch a hOi th J.

] #i cc gi tr9 8O )Xi :k 8 ca E ca t=n :k :eng Fang ch7n F cc hOi trong ngy ra xoa] chid7 : x7At hi*n tPi cc t=n :k ch7n h O cc )Xi :k ca ne c th> 8O

YE.B6\S#i 8 / E 5 ng #i ? B 4 & O 8 B 4 ng #i ? / 5 +

?h@ng 8O )Xi ca E. S ] cc hOi : 8O F B F 4 BF / BF B EF 4 4F / 4F 5> $ ng i*n t(i g=n nh" $Png :eng :in cc hOi trong $ ng 8i!n ? "lc tPo

cao h n )i!n X ca tKn hi*7 :eng Fang id7 nO] $%n n

' t(i ngoPi tr )vng 'h" ng 'h' ca i*n ' 8i!n ?7 th c ca i*n ' $R]xoa] chid7 c )(n

YE.EB\

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() ++


34/102


i*n ' $R] ngy ra xoa] chid7 ce ch a cc hOi h #i h&?/ Y? / B E \ )i!n X ca chjng tu 8* ngh9ch #i )c ca hOi Yhnh E./5$\. C@ng th c ca cc )i!n 8O

YE.EE\

Hnh 9.1- Ch' h63t n" 45n" un" %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu p 9 pha ]a) t$3n" thi%>a %n" t=% S1 ]b) t$3n" thi %>a %n" t=% S9 ]%) in p n"N $a \6aK %hiu ] )in p n"N $a \6aK %hiu.

+#+#Sl VFh/ &w "g/ 4t 4"a( Va4 &F() 4E4 ()"W4" V E + "'# Nh" trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' FXt 'ha ? th7t 8oPi tr hOi ce chHn 8Hc ce th>

' $ ng #i cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' E 'ha. Trong tr"Dng hl' nO] cc ?hea c@ng :7At ca F

nhnh ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 "lc eng ngt > 8oPi tr FXt :k cc hOi cho tr"#c O > i?hi>n )i!n X ca i*n ' 'ha. Trong nhid7 ng $ ng cc i*n ' $R] ngy ra n!n cRn )vngO 8*ch 'ha nha7 /B cc hOi 8O )Xi :k ca E Yh E J/5 \ ce th> "lc ce F t tri*n ' 'ha Y aN )N cN\ O : ?h@ng x7At hi*n trong cc i*n ' t(i Y a) )c] cc hOi nO] ?h@ng c=n 'h(i 8oPi tr cc gec eng ngt "lc $~ng > chu 8oPi t

hOi tPi cc t=n :k h 5 + // /E .Vi>7 th c > 8oPi tr FXt :k hOi "lc chHn cng gikng #i cc )i>7 th c "lc $~ng

trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 / 'ha. SK $ > 8oPi tr cc hOi th 5 + O > id7 ?hi>n c )(n YNE\ ta gi(i cc 'h" ng trnh :a7

YE.E4\S#i cc gec / B O E "lc xc 9nh nh" trong hnh E./&Ya\ O "lc nh $A7

trong hnh E./+. ,nh E./&) cho thA] rvng cc hOi th E J /5 87@n ce F t troni*n ' 'ha t7] nhi!n chjng ?h@ng x7At hi*n trong cc i*n ' $R] Yhnh E./&$\

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() +;


35/102


Hnh 9.1 23n" 45n" ?X tL8n" %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu p 9 pha Yn" ,i kZ thu[t SH ] 4/ ?63i t$j %% h*i thY T t$6n" in p pha aq ]b) phU %>a ]a) ]%) 4/ ?63i t$j %%thY T t$6n" in p rK ab ] ) phU %>a ]%).

Hnh 9.1F C% "5% 5n" n"=t Yn" ,i kZ thu[t SH * 4/ iu khin in p %D b7nt$6n" %% b n"hW%h ?Lu p 9 pha 4/ ?63i t$j h*i thY * .

+#;# . CE4 Zs " @ ]/ 4"8 >q4 F& Z"[() )/'( 46 ( mS '4qu!q4 F&u 'XqMF V' /() Tq4"(/` qXo,i*n na] cc 'h" ng th c id7 ?hi>n "lc thWc hi*n trong cc h* thkng :k O

cc ? th7t id7 ch< :k cng ce th> "lc ng $ ng. b th7t id7 ch< ^ctor ?h@ng gic )(n 8O FXt ? th7t :k FO F c Kch chKnh 8O tPo ra cc i*n ' $R] ca t(i QfM FO )vng F c tr7ng )nh ca cc i*n ' $R] ca t(i. id7 nO] "lc thWc hi*n trong Fi thDigian 8A] F%7 )vng cch 8Wa chHn FXt cch thKch hl' cc trPng thi eng ngt t FXt :trPng thi hl' 8 ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' Y)(ng E.E\ O tKnh ton chKnh xc cc ?ho(ng thgian chjng "lc :; $ ng. ZW 8Wa chHn O tKnh ton thDi gian t~] th7Xc Oo :W ch7]>n

^ctor ?h@ng gian.+#;#1 Sl 4" p2( ]|/ >q4 F& Z"[() )/'( VAt :W tha] wi trong nheF E 'ha FO ne tsng th!F ki #i cc ?h7ng ck 9nh a)c

ce th> "lc )i>7 $i n trong FXt F t 'hng 'h c ) i FXt ^ctor twng hl' )ao g_F FXtthOnh 'h=n thWc Y\ O FXt thOnh 'h=n 'h c Y i\. SK $ ^ctor ca cc tKn hi*7 id7

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() +5


36/102


E 'ha 8O ce th> "lc )i>7 $i n )vng ^ctor twng hl'

)vng cc 'h" ng 'h' ch7]>n wi :a7

YE.E5\

YE.E&\ Nn wi ^ctor ?h@ng gian "lc ' $ ng trong cc i*n ' $R] ca 6 trPng thi c )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' ki #i i Y)(ng E.E\ FO ne tPo ra 6 ^ctor ?h@ng gian YSi i / Btrong hnh E./6. Nh" "lc Fong li S/ a %t6$ khn" "ianM c Kch ca ? th7t ^ctor ?h@ng gian th g=n gikng #i tKn hi*7 id7 ch< Sc

^ctor ?h@ng gian YSi i / B 6\ ce :n trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7. T7] nhi!n hi*7 id7 ch< Sc "lc thi


37/102


Cc )i>7 th c tr"#c xc 9nh rvng )i!n X tki a ca i*n ' $R] c )(n 8O $7] nhA?hi E. R] 8O i>F 8li th< h n :o #i ? th7t ZQfM O )i!n X tki a ca ' $R] c )(n 8O a trong ~ng hoPt Xng t7]F chK

xc nh"ng :W 8Wa chHn ca ^ctor ?h@ng gian q^ro O t=n :k 8A] F%7 ch7n %n c9nh "lc.Chng hPn nh" ng >q4 F& ~q&FCh7i "lc $~ng n!n (F )(o 8O cc i*n ' $R] ca t(i ce c tKnh ki x ng th^o gec

'h=n t" YG7art^r a ^ :]F^tr]\ > gi(F cc hOi ?h@ng Fong F7kn trong cc ch7i ca

chjng Ycc hOi chn\. Th!F Oo e n!n "lc thWc hi*n i*c 8Wa chHn ^ctor ?h@ngq^ro > gi(F t=n :k eng ct. M c $~ R] ?h@ng 8O FXt 'h" ng 'h' ki x ng > tPo raFXt ch7i ^ctor ?h@ng gian :W )i>7 $i n _ th9 cho tha thA] rvng cc ch7i Si SiY #i Sq "lc 8Wa chHn 87Rn 'hi!n gi a S+ O S6\ : cho ta hi*7 :7At cao h n trong gi(F thi>7 cc hOi ?h@ng Fong F7kn O gi(F t=n :k eng ct.

'#T9( X3 V\p _J 4" (#T=n :k :eng Fang ch7n F trong cc ? th7t id7 ch< X rXng x7ng :eng Fang c

)(n E 'ha "lc chHn 8O FXt :k ng7]!n 8 )Xi ca E YF En n / E 5 \. S ]th> gi(F thi>7 cc hOi ?K :inh ho c cc hOi ?h@ng ce Kch trong cc $Png :eng QfM. M 'h" ng 'h' t" ng tW ce th> "lc :; $ ng trong ? th7t id7 ch< ^ctor ?h@ng gian >gi(F thi>7 cc hOi ?h@ng Fong F7kn. }o e ta chHn t=n :k 8A] F%7 ch7n :n n!n 8O F:k ng7]!n 8O )Xi ca &. > tPo ra cc i*n ' $R] cRn x ng tAt c( cc c7ng Y:^ctor\ Ytw&\ n!n "lc $~ng nh" nha7 trong Fi ch7 ?. SK $ trong hnh E./J cho ta thA] cc $Pn:eng ce 8i!n G7an ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' $~ng ? th7t ^ctor ?h@ng gian ng #i :n /

O c .6. ,nh E./J ch ng thWc rvng cc hOi ng chj =7 ti!n trong i*n ' $R] cat(i 8O tPi t=n :k :n O t=n :k nO] cng chKnh 8O t=n :k eng ct.

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() +P


38/102


Hnh 9.1 C% 3n" 45n" ?X tL8n" %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu p ba pha Yn" ,i kZ thu[t i

%h' %t6$ khn" "ian ] % ^ O. T _4n ^ 1 ) ]a) %% t`n hiu iu %h' ]b) t$3n" th%n" t=% S1T ]%) t$3n" thi %>a %n" t=% S9 ] ) in p n"N $a \6aK %hiu ] ) phU]_) n" in n"N $a \6aK %hiu ]") n" in mt %hiu ]h) phU %>a n" i%hiu ]i) n" eua %n" t=% S1 ]d) n" eua i6 21.

# Dk() V/?( Z8 _ 4"/ &F() 4E4 ()"W4" V E + "'S ta x^F nh" )X ngh9ch 8"7 8O thi


39/102


S#i So/ 8O i*n ' $R] ngy ra hi*7 $ ng c )(n Io 8O $ ng i*n 'ha hi*7 $ ng ca t(O 8O h* :k c@ng :7At ca t(i c(F )At ?. Nh" ] )i>7 th c ca $ ng i*n 8i!n ?a t7i L(% m=% 3n" hnh 4a6 ] )> xc 9nh "lc chjng ta n!n x^F cc ^ctor i*n ' $R] 8O

YE.44\S^ctor ca i*n ' $R] ce th> "lc i!t nh" 8O FXt hOF c(7 ^ctor i*n ' 'ha an

)n cnT nh" 8O

YE.45\

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() +j


40/102


Vi>7 th c YE.45\ trnh )O] FXt h* thkng t7]7 th c c7ki c~ng ca cc i*n ' 'ha ca t(i 8O FXt hOF chu ca a) O )c. ,nh

E.BB cho ta thA] cc i*n ' 'ha O i*n ' $R] Pt "lc ?hi $~ng )i>7 th c YE.46\.

Hnh 9. 1 C% in p pha * in p rK %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu p 9 pha ]a) in rK ab %>a t7i ]b) in p pha an %>a t7i.

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() ;0


41/102


5#1 CE4 ()"W4" V () r( k() mCSI: C &&q( SF &4q I(>q& q&XoM c Kch chKnh ca cc )X ch7]>n wi c@ng :7At nO] 8O tPo ra cc $Png :eng $ n

ngy ra xoa] chid7 $Png :eng :in #i )i!n X t=n :k O 'ha ce th> id7 ?hi>n "lc t FXng7_n c7ng cA' ng7_n $ ng FXt chid7. S cc $ ng i*n $R] xoa] chid7 ioa io) ioc YhE.BE\ ce c tKnh $i $t cao ta n!n $~ng FXt )X 8Hc i*n $7ng nki tPi cc cWc xoa]trong cc ng $ ng 8O t(i c(F Y K $ nh" Z}:\. Cc i*n ' t(i ce $Png g=n :in "lc$~ng trong trong cc ng $ ng c@ng nghi*' ce i*n ' tr7ng )nh O i h i $Png :eng

i*n ' ce chAt 8"lng cao. Za7 R] ta chu 'hRn tKch d cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n $ n 'ha. Cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n $ ng / 'ha cng ce cc 'h" ng 'h' O cc ng7]!n tct" ng tW nh" cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 $ ng E 'ha.

> cc ?hea c@ng :7At ca )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n $ ng E 'ha "lc eng ct FXt cchthKch hl' ta 'h(i 87@n th a B id7 ?i*n )t )7Xc ch ] h . S ] 'h(i ce Kt nhAt FXt c@ng tc nhnh tr!n Y/ E ho c 5\ O FXt c@ng tc nhnh $"#ho c B\ eng tPi FHi 8jc.

Hnh 9. CBu t$ % %>a b n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn n" 9 phaCe J trPng thi hl' 8* trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n $ ng E 'ha Y)(ng E.4\. Cc trPng

thi + 6 O J tPo ra cc $ ng i*n $R] )vng ?h@ng trong tr"Dng hl' nO] $ ng 8FXt chid7 "lc $%n Y r^^ h^^8\ G7a FXt trong cc c ' c@ng tc Z/ O Z4 ZE O Z&Z5 O ZB. Cc trPng thi c n 8Pi Y/ cc $Png :eng $ ng i*n $R] xoa] chid7 nh" 9nh )X ngh9ch 8"7 'h(i ch7]>n wi trPng thi nO] :ang trPng thi ?hc. S ] ? tPo ra cc $Png :eng nh" Fo"lc thWc hi*n )vng ? th7t id7 ch


42/102


@7n" 9.- C% t$3n" thi 5n" %=t h(p ? %>a mt b n"hW%h ?Lu n"uAn n" 9 pha.

5#*# CE4 Zs " @ ]/ 4"8 ] & () () Xt() _'() 46 ( &F() 4E4 ()"W4"V () r( k()#Cc ? th7t id7 ch< X rXng x7ng :eng Fang c )(n )an =7 "lc 'ht tri>n cho cc

)X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' E 'ha O ne cng ce th> "lc F rXng cho cc )X ngh9ch 8"ng7_n $ ng E 'ha. MPch trong hnh E.B4 8O $Png FPch eng ngt cho FXt )X ngh9ch 8"ng7_n $ ng "lc 'ht tri>n t $Png FPch ca FXt )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n '. b


43/102


44/102


ngt Yhnh E.B4\. b th7t nO] "lc gHi 8O ? th7t id7 ch< X rXng x7ng :eng YZQfM\ trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n $ ng. Ta ce th> thA] 8O FXt :k $Png :eng hnE.B5 th gikng #i cc $Png :eng Pt "lc trong cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ng7_n ' E 'ha :;$ ng ? th7t ZQfM Yhnh E.B4\. C th> 8O

i*n ' $R] ca t(i Yhnh E./4$\ trong SZI th gikng #i $ ng i*n $R] ca t(i YhnE.B5$\ trong CZI. } ng i*n 8i!n ?


45/102


YE.5 \S#i 8 / E 5 ng #i ? B 4 & O 8 B 4 ng #i ? / 5 +

?h@ng 'h(i 8O FXt )Xi :k ca E. S ] cc hOi : tPi F B F 4 BF / EF B EF 4 4F / 4F 5 . S#i cc i*n ' t(i $Png g=n nh" :in

hOi trong i*n ' 8i!n ? /8( 9( ]' @4,i*n na] FXt An d 8#n c ra cc nhO F] c@ng nghi*' 8O i*c :; $ ng cc h

thkng c@ng :7At rAt 8#n FO nn cc n"#c ti!n ti


46/102


Hnh 1.O M hnh bi'n tIn a b[% n" %D khn" An" bTrong cc _ th9 $"#i R] nei d "7 i>F )i


47/102


Ta thA] t c@ng th c nO] th cOng nRng :k )c 8!n th T,} cOng tsng. ViF a)#i i>F \ ca ng7_n FXt nhid7 tha] wi gi a hai ha] nhid7 )c ?hc nha7 gHi 8O )iqVI(>q& q&o

1#*# Nq &'V F/( 4V'_ q /(>q& q& N CTr!n : _ 8O )X ngh9ch 8"7 )a )c i*n ' tr!n Fi t )vng i*n ' tr!n ng7_n }C.

Mi i>F 'ha a ) c ce th> nki #i cc i>F n ' th^o cc : _ eng ngt ?hc nca ?hea )n $%n.

Cc F c i*n ' 'ha a ce th> Pt "lc nh" :a7

So7t Z/ ZB ZE Z4

S$c B / /

/ /

S$c B /Th^o tKnh ton cc gi tr9 i*n ' t tr!n cc ikt )!n trong : cao h n cc ikt ?hc

nhAt 8O #i F@ hnh NQC )c cao h n id7 nO] tht 8O FXt nh"lc i>F c~a F@ hnh

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() ;P


48/102


Hnh 1. b M hnh b n"h %h ?Lu q C 9 b[%T b[% haK n b[%.}o FAt ki x ng trong thDi gian nP' x( t FO i*n ' t tr n!n FAt cRn )vng.1#*#1-7 i>F chKnh ca F@ hnh 8O i(F thOnh 'h=n :eng hOi i(F $S $t Y )vng FXt n;a :o #i )X ngh9ch 8"7 hai )c\1#*#* N" 4 ]/2_ M c X ch97 Wng i*n ' tr!n cc ikt 8O ?hc nha7. id7 ?hi>n QfM 'h c tP' h n )c hai. C=n nhid7 ikt ? '. SAn d c=n )vng ' t }C 8in?: 8O ?h 'h c tP'.

*# C\ & 4 /8( 9( ]' @4 m ()"W4" V ]' @4o,i*n na] ce FXt :k 8oPi ngh9ch 8"7 nh" :a7/. Ngh9ch 8"7 $Png ikt ? ' Y N^7t7ra8 Qoint C8aF'^$ M78ti8^ ^8 In ^rt^r NQC\.B. Ngh9ch 8"7 a )c $Png Ca:ca$^Y Ca:ca$^ M78ti8^ ^8 In ^rt^r\.E. Ngh9ch 8"7 a )c $Png `8]ing Ca'acitor.4. MXt :k tw hl' cc 8oPi tr!n.> n gi(n O $ hi>7 ?hi K $ chjng ta : chu 8A] K $ d )i


49/102


*#1 C'X4' q M V /Vq>qV I(>q& q&CA7 trjc ngh9ch 8"7 a )c $Png Ca:ca$^ x7At hi*n 8=n =7 Oo nsF /J+5 :; $

ng7_n }C ri!ng g_F nhid7 )X ngh9ch 8"7 c=7 FXt 'ha Fc nki tiF 'ha a #i i>F ce 5 )c. > cho$ hi>7 ta x^F cc ?hea )n $%n nh" cc c@ng tc c ?hK. } $Ong nhn thA] Fi n 'ha trong )in wi F@ hnh B.E ha] FXt )X ngh9ch 8"7 a )cca:ca$^ thOnh F@ hnh /.4 n gi(n h n nh" hnh $"#i

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() ;j


50/102


Hnh 1.- M hnh Dn "i7n h5a b n"hW%h ?Lu a b[% 3n" Ca4%a*#1#1 Q ]/2_ } $Ong thiF chKnh ca h* thkng 8O ?hi ?h@ng :; $ ng ng7_n }C Xc 8' FO :; $ ng

cc F] )iq& q&

S#i : _ )a )c cc F c i*n ' Pt "lc nh" :a7S N S$c B ?hi Z/ ZB /S N ?hi ZB ZE /S N S$c B ?hi ZE Z4 /T C nP' i*n ?hi c ' Z/ Z4 "lc )c O x( i*n ?hi ZB ZE /. 7 trnh nP' x(

"lc cRn )vng ?hi ce :W chHn 8Wa hl' 8K cc tw hl' trPng thi cc F c i*n ' . ZW 'hRtKch cc )c cao h n 8O ?h 'h c tP'.

*#*#1 Q ]/2_ 4 ' _[ "(" (gp Vg



51/102


Z' x 4E4 h() ()"W4" V ]' @4#



52/102


T7] Fi 8oPi ngh9ch 8"7 d7 ce nh"ng "7 nh"lc i>F ri!ng nh"ng 'hw )i :o :nh #i cc :eng Fang $PngtaF gic tPo gi(n _ ?Kch eng cho cc 8inh ?i*n. S#i )X ngh9ch 8"7 F )c : :; $ ng F

/ :eng Fang c~ng t=n :k c c~ng )i!n X c :eng id7 ch< ce )i!n X F t=n :k F.Z; $ ng :eng Fang t=n :k cao : 8OF cho cc :eng hOi t' tr7ng x7ng G7anh cc t=n

:k cao ?. c. T7] nhi!n : 'ht :inh twn hao $o eng ngt t=n :k cao ca 8inh ?i*n.Zeng id7 ch< Urx Y x a)c\ Fang th^o th@ng tin d )i!n X O t=n :k ca hOi c

=7 ra.Cc $Png :eng Fang th"Dng $~ng Q[} ,ai :eng Fang )d cn 8i!n ti


53/102


Zo :nh T,} #i $Png :eng Fang Q[} ce T,} .&&6 ta thA] $Png :eng Q} choX Fo $Png ' $R] t(i 8O nh nhAt. T7] nhi!n $Png :eng Fang Q[} 8Pi cho ?F ca 'h" ng 'h' :eng Fang 8O $ id7 ?hi>n O thWc hi*n

$o ] thWc hi*n c(i ti


54/102


Hnh 1. b#`n hiu iu %h' pha a w$a ,i bivn O.FV9

Hnh 1. % #`n hiu iu %hv SinS#i nh ng c tKnh ca 'h" ng 'h' :eng Fang 8O d i>7 ?hi>n O thWc hi*n :o

thWc hi*n c(i tin8inh hoPt h n FdF $o h n. e 8O 'h" ng 'h' ^ct ?h@ng gian.

+#+# " 6() "E >q4 F& Z"[() )/'(Qh" ng 'h' id7 ch< ^ctor ?h@ng gian 8O 'h" ng th c tha] th< E ^ctor i*n ' E

'ha thOnh FXt ^ctor $7] nhAt G7a] trong ?h@ng gian. Nh" ] tha] 'h(i tKnh ton tr!nE 'ha ta chu c=n tKnh ton tr!n h* tr c hai 'ha tKnh th^o X 8#n O gec 'ha ca Pi 8"lnO]. id7 nO] : 8OF 'h' tKnh n gi(n i rAt nhid7. Minh hHa tr!n hnh B.J.

Cc 'h' ch7]>n wi gi a cc h* tr c tHa X tr!n hnh B.J ce th> $i n t( nh" :a7. > )i>7 $i n ^ctor i*n ' trong h* tr c )a 'ha Yt" ng tW nh" E 'ha :tator trong Xng cbV\ ng"Di ta ce th> tKnh th^o E thOnh 'h=n tr!n E tr cuau )uc. Nh"ng $o 'h' tKnh

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() 5;


55/102


$Png nO] ?h 'h c tP' n!n ce th> )i>7 $i n ^ctor thô cc $Png h* tr c tHa X ?hc $ nh" h* tr c tHa X $ G G7a] c~ng n tkc #i h* tr c E 'ha Yt" ng tW nh" ^ctth@ng ca t tr"Dng G7a] E 'ha trong Xng c bV\. }o cc thOnh 'h=n ^ctor d7 G7ac~ng FXt n tkc ca t tr"Dng G7a] :tator : n!n ce th> ch7]>n wi chjng tKnh tr!n FXt htr c tHa X tnh YYt" ng tW nh" Xng c bV xoa] chid7 B 'haanpha O p ta #ianpha

O p ta 8O cc Pi 8"lng hnh :in\. Nh" ] nhD Oo :W ch7]>n wi G7a 8Pi gi a cc h* tHa X ta ce th> tKnh "lc ^ctor ?h@ng gian thô nhid7 cch.

Si*c chHn 8Wa h* tHa X "lc thWc hi*n :ao cho i*c tKnh ton G7 trnh "lc $ $C th> ?hi tKnh ton #i )X SZI ta n!n chH h* tr c tHa X tnh Y \ ?hi tKnh ton tr7]dn Xng )in thô h* tr c G7a]

+#; G/ ( ]r >q4 F& ]/O( E /8( 9( ' @47 trnh eng ct cc ?ho )n $%n tPo n!n B+ trPng thi ?hc nha7 tr!n 8 c gic F

trPng thi "lc Finh hoP ) i tw hl' Y?a ?) ?c\ #i cc gi tr9 ?a / B ?) / B 8O h* :k trPng thi t" ng ng ca cc 'ha a ) c. SK $ xt h* :k ?a ca 'hce

YB./5\Trong G7 trnh ?Kch $%n G7i 87t :a7 R] 'h(i "lc t7Rn th

YB./&\S#i x a ) cT e ta ce th> hi>7 trPng thi YB \ ce ngha 8O

Hnh .1O Gi7n A %t6$ in p b n"hW%h ?Lu p 9 b[% Nh" ] nh" 9nh ngha d ^ctor ?h@ng gian nei 'h=n tr"#c trong F c nO

t" ng ng B+ trPng thi ?Kch $%n 8inh ?i*n ta th7 "lc /J 9 trK ca ^ctor ?h@ng giani*n ' tPo thOnh )ao g_F /B ^ctor nvF tr!n unh O tr7ng i>F ca hnh 8 c gic 8#n )a

ngoOi & ^ctor nvF tr!n & unh ca hnh 8 c gic )!n trong O E ^ctor ?h@ng gian n

tRF ca hnh 8 c gic Y,nh B./ \. ki #i cc ^ctor nvF tPi unh ca hnh 8 c gic )trong t_n tPi hai trPng thi ?Kch $%n ?hc nha7 ca cc 8inh ?i*n nh"ng 8Pi ce c~ng chFXt 9 trK ^ctor ?h@ng gian. NgoOi ra c n t_n tPi )a trPng thi ?Kch $%n ?hc nha7



56/102


c~ng 9 trK ^ctor ?h@ng. }o e t )i thA] rvng FXt:k 8"lng 8#n cc ^ctor r^$7n$ant ce FXt ngha rAt G7an trHng cho )i t "lc :W c(i thi*n rAt 8#n d cc F t nh"

CRn )vng "lc i*n th< tr!n cc t i*n. Chia nh $ ng c(F ng. id7 ?hi>n $ $Ong h n $ ng ng7_n }C c7ng cA'. i(F t=n :k eng ct tr!n cc ?hea )n $%n.

NgoOi cc ]7 $i n $7] tr cc tc Xng G7a] th^o trnh tW trong ?ho(ng thDi gian# /trong ?ho(ng thDi gian# B trong ?ho(ng thDi gian TE th^o h* th c :a7

Ya\ Y)\ Hnh .11 lW t$` %t6$ 8 phIn in t`%h k %>a "i7n A %t6$

YB./+\



57/102


S#i TZ T/ TB TE 8O ch7 ? 8A] F%7.

Hnh .1 l %t6$ L(% t$nh b*K t$6n" h t$!% t63 txnhSAn d c n 8Pi 8O xc 9nh cc thDi gian tc $ ng# /# B# E ca cc ^ctor c )(n.

N


58/102


YB.BB\

Trong $i*n tKch ^ctor c )(n O

YB.BE\

Trong $i*n tKch ^ctor c )(n O

YB.B4\ N G7i wi ne d gec 'h=n :7 th nhAt > xc 9nh thDi gXng ca cc ^ctor c )(n "lc xc 9nh th^o h* th c

#i i / B & YB.B5\

#i i / B & YB.B5\T gi(n _ ^ctor O cc c@ng th c a n!7 thOnh 8' gi(n _ ?Kch $%n cc 8in

cho )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' )a )c Finh hoP tr!n ,nh B./E ' $ ng cho gec 'h=n :7 th nhAtca hnh 8 c gic trong FXt ch7 ? 8A] F%7. Chj $o trPng thi ?Kch $%n cc 8inh ?i*n trc~ng nhnh 'ha t(i cho ) i G7i 87t ki ngh9ch n!n gi(n _ chu c=n trnh )O] trPng thi cS /x OS Bx #i x a ) c. T gi(n _ ta thA] cc trPng thi ?Kch $%n t" ng ng c

^ctor c )(n O . Tr!n hnh B./E ta thA] Z/c 87@n trPng thi ngt $o :eFang Z'/ ?h@ng giao #i :eng id7 ch< . ThDi gian ?Kch $%n cc ^ctor nO] ce th> :7

ra t )i>7 th c tKnh ton# /# B# E tr!n ho c tr!n ? th7t id7 ch< )d rXng x7ng $Wa Oo:eng Fang YCVQfM\ nh" tr!n ,nh B./&. Nh" ] $Wa Oo gi(n _ ?Kch $%n cc 8inh?i*n ngoOi gi tr9 Fo$78 O gec 'ha )i


59/102


Hnh .19 Gi7n A k`%h yn ?inh kin t$6n" n"hW%h ?Lu p 9 b[% Nh ng ? th7t a n!7 ce th> $ $Ong ng $ ng :ang cc )X ngh9ch 8"7 ' a )c

th> ?hi ' $ ng cc c@ng th c a n!7 )!n tr!n ta ce gi(n _ ^ctor i*n ' )X ngh9ch 8"nsF )c.

+#5# G/ ( ]r >q4 F& ]/O( E ()"W4" V (=_ @4S#i )X ngh9ch 8"7 nsF )c ?h( nsng id7 ?hi>n ?Kch $%n 8inh ?i*n tPo n!n /B5 trP

thi ?hc nha7. Ta xt Fi trPng thi Finh hoP ) i tw hl' Y?a ?) ?c\ #i

YB.B&\

Cc h* :k trPng thi ?a ?) ?c 'h th7Xc Oo cch G7] "#c tr"#c. Ta ti


60/102


Hnh .1- Gi7n A %t6$ in p @ n"hW%h ?Lu nzm b[%

B.B+\

Trong G7 trnh ?Kch G7] 87t eng ngt ki ngh9ch 'h(i t7Rn th

YB.B6\S#i x a ) c.Th^o 9nh ngha ^ctor ?h@ng gian t" ng ng /B5 trPng thi ?Kch $%n 8inh ?i*n

"lc &/ 9 trK ^ctor ?h@ng gian ca ^ctor i*n ' tPo thOnh. TPi tRF ca 8 c gic ce trPng thi ?hc nha7 cho c~ng 9 trK tPi e 8O ^ctor ?h@ng. Cc 9 trK c n 8Pi ng trPng thi "lc )i>7 $i n trong gi(n _ ^ctor hnh B./4



61/102


!# () f() /8( 9( ]' @41# G/ / "/O NgO] na] trong 8nh Wc tr7]dn Xng i*n An d id7 ?hi>n tkc X Xng c

FXt ] tha] wi cc th@ng :k ng7_n nh" i*n ' ha] cc th@ng :k ca FPch nh" i*n tr 'h

t th@ng T e tPo ra cc c tKnh c F#i > ce nh ng tkc X 8OF i*c F#i 'h~ hl' #]!7 c=7 ca 'h t(i c . Cc 'h" ng 'h' > id7 chunh tkc X Xng c

id7 chunh tkc X )vng 'h" ng 'h' c ?hK t c 8O )in tin "lc tkc X ca Xng c trong cc h* thkng tr7]dn Xng i*n ta 'hnF "lc c i>F ca cc 8oPi Xng c i*n O c tKnh c ca ne t e ta F#i ce h:; $ ng cc 8oPi )i7 th9 Fki G7an h* YM\ ca Xng c i*n FXt c

?Kch t Xc 8'

Trong e M F@F^n G7a] M b. .I" U" i*n ' 'h=n ng Xng c YS\ |" i*n tr c7Xn $R] 'h=n ngm$ & &4 &4 &4 o |' i*n tr 'h FPch 'h=n ng. I" $ ng i*n 'h=n ng Xng c .

b 8O h* :k ?


62/102


Qh" ng trnh c tKnh c ce $Png hOF )c nhAt ] V x n!n "Dng )i>7 $i n th* tHa X M 8O FXt "Dng thng #i X $kc RF. "Dng c tKnh c ct tr c t7ng

i>F ce t7ng X

Tkc X o "lc gHi 8O tkc X ?h@ng t(i 8 t" ng ?hi ?h@ng ce 8Wc c(n nOo c(. tkc X 8#n nhAt ca Xng c FO ?h@ng th> Pt "lc ch< X Xng c ?h@ng )ao gra tr"Dng hl' MC .

Hnh 1.1 +{% t`nh %D %>a n" %D mt %hiu k`%h tj % ?[pbhi 'h t(i tsng $=n t MC F 9nh F c. i>F ct ca c tKnh c #i hoOnh M ce t7ng X O ce hoOnh X :7] t 'h" ng trnh c tKnh c

Hnh 1. +{% t`nh %D t/ nhivn %>a n" %D in mt %hiu k`%h tj % ?[pM@F^n MnF O InF gHi 8O F@F^n ngn FPch O $ ng i*n ngn FPch. e 8O gi

F@F^n 8#n nhAt O $ ng i*n 8#n nhAt ca Xng c ?hi "lc cA' i*n =] FO tk )vng . Tr"Dng hl' nO] x(] ra ?hi )t =7 F F] O ?hi Xng c ang chP] FO )9 $ ng8Pi )9 ? t ho c t(i 8#n G7 ?o ?h@ng "lc. } ng i*n InF nO] 8#n O th"Dng )vng

InF Y/ B \I F Ne ce th> gR] ch] h ng Xng c n


63/102


64/102


bhi c7Xn $R] :tator "lc cA' i*n #i i*n ' 9nh F c U/'h. F tr!n / 'ha FO gi]!n rotor Y?h@ng G7a] th Fi 'ha ca c7Xn $R] rotor : x7At hi*n FXt : c i*n XzB'h. F th^o ng7]!n 8 ca F] )i7 $i n M Y:\ tr!n h* tr c tHa X :[M nh" hnh $"#i

"Dng c tKnh c ce i>F cWc tr9 gHi 8O i>F t#i hPn b. TPi i>F e

i(i 'h" ng trnh ta ce

Tha] Oo 'h" ng trnh c tKnh c ta ce

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() ;


65/102


S ta ang x^F xt trong gi#i hPn : / n!n gi tr9 :th O Mth ca c tKnh c ch

ng #i $A7 Y\.

Hnh 1. +{% t`nh %D %>a n" %D &[email protected] b O bV 'hRn gi#i ) i i>F t#i hPn b.oPn c tKnh b g=n thng O c ng. Tr!n oPn nO] F@F^n Xng c tsng th tk

Xng c gi(F. }o ] Xng c 8OF i*c tr!n oPn c tKnh nO] : wn 9nh.oPn bV cong #i X $kc $" ng. Tr!n oPn nO] Xng c 8OF i*c ?h@ng wn 9n

+# / 4"(" 34 ] ] () 46 ]/O( F'p 4"/ ' "' KB XY f() /8( 9(#Xng c i*n xoa] chid7 "lc $~ng rAt 'hw )i


66/102


u " 6() "E (gp 4" 4"F " ]/ 4"(" 34 ] > "d' )/ _# Tkc X cOng gi(F c tKnh c cOng FdF tkc X Xng c cOng ?F wn 9nh

8!n x7kng ca F@F^n t(i. }(i id7 chunh 'h th7Xc tr9 :k F@F^n t(i. M@F^n t(i cOng nh $(i id7 chunh cO

h '. bhi id7 chunh :R7 Ytkc X nh \ th X tr"lt Xng c tsng O twn hao nsng 8"lngid7 chunh cOng 8#n. Qh" ng 'h' nO] ce th> id7 chunh tr n nhD )i tsng X tr"lt t#i hPn $o e tsng "lc $(i id7 chunh

bhi i*n ' t Oo Xng c gi(F F@F^n t#i hPn ca cc c tKnh c gi(F t

?hi tkc X ?h@ng t(i 8 t" ng Yha] tkc X _ng )X\ gi ng7]!n n!n ?hi gi(F tkc X th c ng c tKnh c gi(F X wn 9nh tkc X ?F i.+#+ / 4"(" 34 ] () 4E4" "'p ]|/ 9( X3 4 ' () r( F'p 4"/ #Tha] wi t=n :k ng7_n cA' cho Xng c 8O tha] wi tkc X ?h@ng t(i 8 t" ng n!n th

wi "lc c tKnh c . T=n :k cOng cao tkc X Xng c cOng 8#n. bhi id7 chunh ng7_n cA' cho Xng c th cc th@ng :k 8i!n G7an


67/102


tKnh c ?h@ng gi "lc gi tr9 F@F^n t#i hPn. Ng"Di ta cng th"Dng $~ng c( 87t ichunh t=n :k $ ng i*n.

+#; / 4"(" 34 ] () 4E4" "'p ]|/ X3 ][/ 4l4 4 ' ] () 46#R] 8O cch id7 chunh tkc X ce cA'. c tKnh c tha] wi tkc X _ng )X tha

th^o :k @i cWc. Xng c tha] wi "lc :k @i cWc 8O Xng c "lc ch< tPo c )c7Xn $R] :tator ce th> tha] wi "lc cch nki t" ng ng #i cc :k @i cWc ?hc nha7. C=7 $R] > wi nki "lc "a ra cc hX' A7 $R] Xng c . Zk @i cWc ca c7Xrotor cng 'h(i tha] wi nh" c7Xn $R] :tator. id7 nO] ?he thWc hi*n "lc ki #i Xng crotor $R] G7An c n ki #i rotor 8_ng :ec th ne 8Pi ce ?h( nsng tW tha] wi :k @i cW

#i :tator. }o ] 'h" ng 'h' nO] "lc :; $ ng ch ] wi nki > tha] wi :k @i cWc rotor 8_ng :ec. T 8* ch7]>n wi :k @i cWc ce th> 8O B / E / 4 / ha] t#i 6 /.!I# G/ / "/O /8( 9( ACS 150

1# N) r( 4 () 4\ MXt 'ha B B4 Y / \ T=n :k 46 &E ,q ,* :k c@ng :7At .J6

*#C\ & 4 |() ` '( 4 ' /8( 9( ABB

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() P


68/102


ZTT hi chjE V(ng id7 ?hi>n tich$ hl' tr!n F t F] g_F )On

'hKF FOn hinh hi>n th94 Njt tha] wi t=n :k ZQzz}5 Cwng ?


69/102


;#CE4" Z8 (3/ (?( &E(" () &' 4 ' /8( 9(

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() j


70/102


5#S6 ]r Z8 (3/ IN nUT

Z/ chHn tKn hi*7 ana8og id7 ?hi>n 8O $ ng ha] ' } ng t Y4\ B F ' t YB\ / S

Ch c nsng ca cc ngy Oo }I : "lc cOi t Fi cch cOi t ?hc nha7 th c? cOi t > nhn t=n :k t )!n ngoOi Oo#C"c4 (=() w() "d_ &?( _ _Ep

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() P0


71/102


P #MxNU 4"d("}~ng cc 'hKF > chHn cc chH cOn cOi t trong MzNU


Th tW Ch c nsng/ MOn hnh hi>n th9 LC} chia thOnh 5 ~ng

QhKa tr!n )!n tri ChHn cch th c id7 ?hi>nL[C id7 ?hi>n t )On 'hKF|zM id7 ?hi>n t )!n ngoOi ) .QhKa tr! )!n 'h(i n 9 ca gi tr9 hi>n th9c. gi;a tr7ng tRF FOn hnh ,i>n th9 th@ng tin ch7ng thaF :k

hi>n th9 gi tri tKn hi*7 M^n7 ho c )(ng $anh :ch .NgoOi ra c n hi>nth9 nh ng 8i c(nh )o n


72/102


b#CE4" 4g/ ] >g "Fh ] () 4 ' 4"8 ] . SHn$T A$AMxTx$ MnDx .

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() P*


73/102


Cch cOi t O 8"7 gi tr9 thaF :k thWc hi*n gikng cc )"#c tr!n// 5 COi t gi tr9 8#n nhAt t t=n :k )!n ngoOi |z`//B B/B E/B 4 COi t tkc X Y id7 ?hi>n t=n :k ngy ra\ /BE/E / COi t 'h=n trsF nh nhAt tKn hi*7 ana8og OoB 6 COi t gi tr9 8#n nhAt id7 ?hi>n t=n :k ngy raB/ B ChHn ch c nsng $ ng ca Fotor BB B ChHn thDi gian tsng tkc > Pt gi tr9 Fong F7knBB E ThDi gian gi(F tkc > $~ng Xng c

/ Z"/2( _F F& B() 'p nhAn 'hKF L[C |zM ?hi FOn hnh hi>n th9 L[C

NhAn |UN Fotor chP] :to' $ ngTha] wi tkc X Xng c )vng cch n njt ZQzz} Yhnh )!n\Tha] wi chid7 Xng c )vng cch nhAn njt `f |Z

/ Z"/2( () $xMnTx CnNT$nLNhAn 'hKF L[C |zM ?hi FOn hnh hi>n th9 |zMMXt :k cOi t

} ng I id7 ?hi>n t )!n ngoOi nki Oo chRn I

}I / [N } ng Xng c

j# CE4" 4g/ ] >g "Fh ] () 4 ' 4"8 ] . LnNG A$AMxTx$ MnDx . :Cc thao tc g=n gikng cch cOi t O hoPt Xng ca ch< X { Z,[|T Q | MzTz|

M[}z {10#M X3 X6 ]r Z8 (3/ ip IN nUT ABB Z" p?( 7() m_'4&Fo

10#1# ABB S '( '& _'4&FCch ?


74/102


Macro nO] $~ng > id7 ?hi>n Xng c FXt tkc X xc 9nh}IE }I4 TC ,[T N

Tkc X "lc cOi t t" F t F] 'ot^ntioF^t^r / Tkc X / Y 8*nh /B B\

/ Tkc X B Y 8*nh /B E\/ / Tkc X E Y8*nh /B 4\

}I5 cOi t thDi gian cc 8*nh BB B O BB E

/ cOi t thDi gian cc 8*nh BB 5 O BB &10#*# + /&q _'4&F

Macro nO] g=n gi@ng FacroABB S '( '& _'4&Fchu ?c chw }I/ }IB tKch cWc

?hi ce x7ng cPnh 8!n ha] x7kng ca tKn hi*7}I4 }I5 TC ,[T N

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() P;


75/102


Tkc X "lc cOi t t" F t F] 'ot^ntioF^t^r / Tkc X / Y 8*nh /B B\

/ Tkc X B Y 8*nh /B E\/ / Tkc X E Y8*nh /B 4\

10#+#AV q&(' q M'4&F

}IE }I4 TC ,[T N

Tkc X "lc cOi t t" F t F] 'ot^ntioF^t^r / Tkc X / Y 8*nh /B B\/ Tkc X B Y 8*nh /B E\

/ / Tkc X E Y8*nh /B 4\10#;# MF F& F q( /F_q q& _'4&F



76/102


Y/\ N


77/102


T~] Oo cOi t ca F] FO Fi ngy Oo :k : co ch c nsng t" ng ng1*# / Z"/2(

1*#1 # / Z"/2( () 'p > / Xl "| & _g( "(" >g g( "d_ NhAn Oo njt L[C tr!n F t F] FOn hnh hi>n th9 L[C )!n 'h(i t c chHn ch< X

id7 ?hi>n )vng ta] So87F Z'^^$ > tsng gi(F t=n :k chHn NhAn njt Ztart Xng c )t =7 chP] NhAn njt :to' Xng c $ ngM7kn tha] wi tkc X Xng c ta n hHn o87F ZQz}} t=n :k: hi>n th9 tr!n F

hnh tha] wi tk X Xng c tha] wi1*#*# / Z"/2( () 4E4 "/8 W ()Fh/ >/ ?( ()Fg/: m vIN CC LC MnDUL xM *+5 o NhAn Oo njt L[C tr!n F t F] FOn hnh hi>n th9 |zM )!n 'h(i t c chHn chn t thi*t )9 )!n ngoOiC*i {t T~] Oo cch cOi t cch nk $R] $$> id7 ?hi>n t )!n ngoOi ?hc nha7b>t nki : $R] nh" :a7

!II# xM*+5zM BE5 8O Fo$78 ana8og hw trl QLC Y c th> R] 8O c'7 BB4 ZIzMzN\ trong x7At tKn hi*7 t" ng tW ra )!n ngoOi > id7 ?hi>n thi


78/102


Cc : ith t / & $~ng > chH tKn hi*7 ngy ra 'h~ hl' #i tKn hi*7 id7 ?hi>n F@chi tit )(ng :a7

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() Pb


79/102


Ett nuati6n h 4 4uK "i7m

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() Pj


80/102


!III# LC1# G/ / "/O LC SPu*00

i*n ' cA' ng7_n /5 E S}C Ngy Oo tKch cWc /5 E S}C i*n ' tPi ngy ra /5 E S}C

*# S6 ]r Z"3/ 4\ hF 4 ' LC

Ce cc 8oPi QLC Z+ B YZi^F^n:\Cc 8oPi QLC th@ng th"Dng CQUBBB CQUBB4 CQUBB4Q CQUBB&Th^o 8oPi i*n ' ng"Di ta 'hRn ra B 8oPi LoPi cA' i*n ' BB S C

Ngy Oo tKch cWc F c / cA' i*n ' B4S}C Y /5S}C E S}C\ Ngy ra Ngy ra r 8^ LoPi cA' i*n ' B4S}C Ngy Oo tKch cWc F c / cA' i*n ' B4S}C Y /5S}C E S}C\ Ngy ra Ngy ra Tran:i:tor

+# () f() \ X () 34 ] 4'FCQU Z+B ce B ngy ra x7ng tkc X cao Y . ./\ $~ng cho i*c id7 rXng

tkc X cao nhvF id7 ?hi>n cc thi


81/102


0#0 0#1SMv b SMvPb c 9nh ch7 ? thDi gianSMvP0 SMvb0 c 9nh ch7 ? 'ht x7ngSMDP* SMDb* c 9nh :k x7ng id7 ?hi>nCc V]t^ cho i*c 9nh $PngSMB P m 4"F 0#0o >g SMBPP m 4"F 0#1o

+#*# / & () () "qF VO m vMomng $ ng nO] id7 rXng x7ng th^o t 8* t~] . Ton / T9nh $Png thDi gian c : Y TiF^ )a:^\ $Wa tr!n )(ng :a7

$qX V F q q4 /() "q LS /(X & 4 /F(

CF( &FV $q)/X q&mHq !'V qo x(' Vq

SqVq4MF q

vM U ' qMq "F T/_q B'Xq

VXqv/ "

Cp4VqT/_q

/&}/ 1^: QfM Z]nchrono7: / : c]c8^ Loa$/&}B 1^: QfM Z]nchrono7: / : c]c8^ Loa$/&}E 1^: QfM Z]nchrono7: / : c]c8^ Loa$ Loa$/&}J 1^: QfM Z]nchrono7: / F: c]c8^ Loa$/&} 1^: QfM Z]nchrono7: / F: c]c8^ Loa$/&}V 1^: QfM Z]nchrono7: / F: c]c8^ Loa$ Loa$

Cc V]t^ cho i*c 9nh $PngSMB P m 4"F 0#0o SMBPP m 4"F 0#1o NgoOi ra

0#0 0#1SMv b SMvPb c 9nh ch7 ? thDi gianSMvP0 SMvb0 c 9nh ch7 ? 'ht x7ngSMDP* SMDb* c 9nh :k x7ng id7 ?hi>n

;# a4 () 34 ] 4'F mH/)" S qq CF ( q& u HSCo9nh $Png )X


82/102


ChHn trnh fiqar$ ,ZC

ChHn ch< X cho ,ZC

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() b*


83/102


9nh $Png )X


84/102


// Vt =7

/BChu ce ,ZC O ,ZCE hw trl Ch< X /B

,ZC


85/102


ZME&.5 ZM4&.5 ZM5&.5 ZM/E&.5 ZM/4&. ZM/5&.5C7rr^nt co7nting

$ir^ction :tat7: )it co7nting $o n/ co7nting 7'

ZME&.& ZM4&.& ZM5&.& ZM/E&.& ZM/4&. ZM/5&.&C7rr^nt a87^ ^G7a8:

'r^:^t a87^ :tat7: )it not ^G7a8/ ^G7a8

ZME&.+ ZM4&.+ ZM5&.+ ZM/E&.+ ZM/4&. ZM/5&.+

C7rr^nt a87^ gr^at^rthan 'r^:^t a87^

:tat7: )it 8^:: than or ^G7a8/ gr^at^r than

I # vINCC1# G/ / "/O v/(CC mv/( FX CF( &FV Cq( q&o

Cc )"#c > tPo FXt Qro^ct trong finCC bh i Xng finCC TPo FXt Qro^ct F#i COi t }ri ^r ?


86/102


,X' thoPi x7At hi*n chHn }ri ^r [QC.chn

5# ThF 4E4 /8(5#1 B/8( ( /

,X' thoPi Tag Qro'^rti^: x7At hi*n

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() b

Qh(i ch7Xt Oo Tag Manag^F^ntchHn $$ N^ }ri ^r

Qh(i ch7Xt Oo Int^rna8 tag:ChHn N^ Tag


87/102


5#*# B/8( ()Fh/: SY f() C A44qXXbh i Xng QC cc^:: `i8^ N^ chHn

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() bP

T!n QLC

9a chu QLCYt / 7 $ 8i*7

chHn xong )AF [b


88/102


,X' thoPi It^F Qro'^rti^: x7At hi*n

Za7 ?hi tPo xong cc )i


89/102


,X' thoPi [QC It^F Manag^r

NhA' Oo { tPi Z+B .[QCZ^r ^r

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() bj

Trong FOn hnh finCC 'h(i ch7Xt Oo [QC ro7':chHn Z]:t^F QaraF^t^r

ChHn Vro :^ Z^r ^r nh $A7 Oo |^a$ cc^:: O frit^ cc^::


90/102


91/102


NhAn [? > thot.C7ki c~ng nhAn cti ^ > chP] ch" ng trnh.

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() j1


92/102


CHQNG *THC HIN N

I# L ]r )/ / " @ 4" 6() &(" ]/ Z"/2( _F F&

II# / Z"/2( () 'pCc )"#c thWc hi*n

/. COi t th@ng :k )in cho FOn hnh hi>n th9 ch L[C

)!n 'h(i FOn hnhE. ZT |T Xng c hoPt Xng ZQzz} tha] wi t=n :k tha] wi tkc X Xng 4. `f |Z chHn chid7 G7a] ca Xng c 5. ZT[Q } ng Xng c

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() j*


93/102


III# / Z"/2( () vIN CC LC MnDUL x*+51#Cg/ ] "[() X3

M^n7 Q | L / Y ZT |T ZT[Q }I|\ J Y t c hHn B ngy Oo :k }I/ }IB \DI1 DI* HFh ] ()

ZT[Q/ ZT |T `[|f |}

/ Z T|T |zSz|Zz/ / ZT[Q

*# C" 6() &/(" ]/ Z"/2( LC vICC*#1 C" 6() &(" LC*#1#1#C" 6() &(" 4"d("

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() j+


94/102


L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() j;


95/102


L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() j5


96/102


*#1#*#C" 6() &(" S$BHSC

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() j


97/102


*#1#+#C" 6() &(" () INT10

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() jP


98/102


*#* ThF I q_ &F() C A44qXX

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() jb


99/102


*#+#G/'F /O( vINCC:

STA$Tyv: ChP] t#i.STA$T$v: ChP] 8~i.$xSxT: |^:^t h* thkng.STn : } ng ch" ng trnh

L HT1B G!HD: T"S# T$N !%N T$INH T&'() jj


100/102




101/102


CHQNG +NH GI KT LUN

d tOi chjng nO] chjng ^F thWc hi*n hoOn chunh id7 ?hi>n Xng c E 'ha ?h@_ng )X )vng )i


102/102

Documents

Dieu Khien Dong Co Dung Bien Tan ABB