NUTRITIONFATS

RECOMMENDATION:

NO MORE THAN 30% OF CALORIES

AVOID BUTTER AND COCONUT OIL

FIBER

RECOMMENDATION

20 TO 30g DAILY

FRUIT/ VEGETABLE

RECOMMENDATION

5 OR 6 SERVINGS A DAY

MEAT

RECOMMENDATION

PREFER FISH AND WHITE MEAT, REMOVE SKIN AND FAT

AVOID ORGAN MEATS

AVOID SAUSAGE AND BACON

EGGS

RECOMMENDATION

AVOID EGG YOLK

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Bread, Cereals, Pasta, Rice- 6 to 11 SERVINGS

Vegetables- 5 to 6 SERVINGS

Fruits

- 2 to 4 SERVINGS

Milk, Yogurt, Cheese

- 2 to 3 SERVINGS

Meat, Fish, Eggs, Nuts

- 2 to 3 SERVINGS

Fats, Oils and Sweets

- USE SPARINGLY

Types of Diet:

1. Clear Liquid Diet

- its purpose is to rest GI Tract and maintain fluid balance

INDICATED:

Difficulty swallowing or chewing

Certain diagnostic tests to reduce fecal matter

Immediate postoperative period

Foods allowed:

“SEE-THROUGH FOODS” include water, broth, jello, apple juice, clear carbonated beverages and frozen ice pops

Note:

This DIET is NOT nutritionally adequate

2. Full Liquid Diet

- used as a transition diet between clear liquid and soft diet; SHORT TERM

Foods Allowed:

Clear liquids, milk and milk products, all fruit juices, cooked and strained cereals

Note:

Can be NUTRITIONALLY ADEQUATE

3. Soft Diet

- Used as a transition diet between full liquid and regular diet

INDICATIONS:

Postoperatively

Mild GI disturbances

Chewing difficulties from lack of teeth or oral surgery

Foods Allowed:Foods low in fiberPureed vegetablesEggs cooked EXCEPT friedTender meatPotatoesCooked fruit

Note:NUTRITIONALLY ADEQUATE

4. Bland Diet

- promotes healing of the gastric mucosa and is chemically and mechanically nonstimulating

Foods Allowed:

Soft diet without spices

5. Low-residue Diet

- residue is the indigestible substance left in digestive tract after food has been digested.

INDICATIONS:

Colon, Rectal or Perineal surgery

Diagnostic Exam

Bowel Inflammatory Diseases

Note: Teach the client to AVOID foods high in fiber, foods having skins and seeds, and milk and milk products

6. Gluten-Free Diet

- purpose is to eliminate gluten (protein) from the diet

INDICATIONS:

Malabsorption syndromes

Foods:

Eliminate barley, rye, oat, wheat

Avoid cream sauces, breaded foods, cakes, muffins and bread

ALLOW corn, rice and soy flour

7. PKU (Phenylketonuria) Diet

- purpose is to control the intake of phenylalanine, an amino acid that cannot be metabolized

- it will be prescribed until at least age 6 to prevent brain damage and mental retardation

Foods:

AVOID breads, meat, fish, poultry, cheeses, legumes, nuts and eggs

GIVE Lofenalac formula

Teach family to use low-protein flour for baking

Sugar substitutes such as Nutrasweet contains phenylalanine and MUST NOT be used.

8. Low-Purine Diet

- indicated for gout, uric acid kidney stones and uric acid retention

- purpose is to decrease the amount of purine

FOODS:

AVOID organ meats, fish, lobsters dried peas and beans, nuts, oatmeal, whole wheat

9. Low-Protein Diet

Indication : Renal Failure

Liver Failure

Purpose: To LIMIT ammonium production

Limit: MEAT, EGGS, MILK PRODUCTS

Encourage:

CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLEMENTS with ESSENTIAL AMINO

ACIDS

10. High-Protein Diet

Indication: Undernutrition

Burns

Nephrotic Syndrome

Purpose: To SUPPORT protein synthesis

Encourage:

MEAT, FISH, DAIRY PRODUCTS

11. Low-Cholesterol Diet

Indication: Cardiovascular Disease

Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose: To DECREASE risk for CAD

Limit: FRIED FOODS, EGG YOLK, SHELL FISH, LIVER, PORK

Encourage:

BROILED OR STEAMED FOOD, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, CHICKEN MEAT, VEGETABLE OILS

12. Diabetic DietIndication: Diabetes MellitusPurpose: To CONTROL plasma glucose levelsPrinciples: Each meal should contain carbohydrate, fat and protein.Avoid skipping or delaying mealsFrequent small mealsUnplanned activity

13. Low-Sodium Diet

Indication: Hypertension

Edema due to:

CHF, Liver cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome, PIH

Purpose: To DECREASE sodium/ fluid load

Limit: CANNED FOOD, SALTED FOOD, SMOKED MEAT, HAM, BACON, SAUCE

Encourage: Salt Substitute: Potassium Chloride

14. High-Potassium Diet

Indication: Thiazide diuretics

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Chronic vomiting

Purpose: To AVOID potassium depletion

Encourage: BANANAS, PRUNES, AVOCADO, SOY BEANS

VITAMINSVITAMIN SOURCES DEFICIENCY

A LIVER, EGG YOLK

CARROTS

NIGHT BLINDNESS

D MILK

ANIMAL FATS

RICETS

OSTEOMALACIA

E VEGETABLE OILS RARE

K LIVER, EGG YOLK

GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

BLEEDING DISORDERS

C CITRUS FRUITS SCURVY

B1 LIVER, MEAT NEUROPATHY

WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF

B2 LIVER, MEAT GLOSSITIS

CHEILOSIS

B12 LIVER

MEAT

ANEMIA

NEUROPATHY

FOLIC

ACID

GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

ANEMIA

MINERAL SOURCES

Saan sila makikita?

CalciumMilkCheeseIce creamBroccoli

SardinesSalmonsShrimpOysters

PHOSPHORUSMILKCHEESEMEATNUTSLEGUMES

GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

WHOLE GRAIN CEREALS

MAGNESIUMMILKCHEESEMEATNUTSLEGUMES

GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

WHOLE GRAIN CEREALS

IRON LIVER ORGAN MEATS MEAT POULTRY WHOLE GRAIN

CEREALS LEGUMES

DARK GREEN VEGETABLES

DRIED FRUIT

IODINE

IODIZED SALTSEAFOOD

SODIUMTABLE SALTPROTEIN FOODSPROCESSED FOODSBAKING SODATOMATO JUICE

POTASSIUM ORANGES BANANAS DRIED FRUITS MELONS APRICOTS

MOST FRUITS MOST

VEGETABLES WHOLE GRAIN

CEREALS

SOURCES OF

VITAMINSTABANG LORD!

VITAMIN A (RETINOL) FISH LIVER OILS LIVER BUTTER CREAM DARK & YELLOW

VEGETABLES

YELLOW FRUITS

FORTIFIED MARGARINE

EGG YOLK WHOLE MILK

VITAMIN D (CHOLECALCIFEROL)

FISH LIVER OILFORTIFIED MILKANIMAL FATS

VITAMIN E (TOCOPHEROL)

VEGETABLE OILSWHEATNUTSLEGUMESGREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

VITAMIN K (PHYLLOQUINONE)

GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLESCABBAGELIVER

VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE) CEREALS WHOLE GRAIN MEAT ORGAN MEAT PORK

LEGUMESNUTSPOULTRYFISH

VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN)

MILKEGGSORGAN MEATSGREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE)

MEATPOULTRYFISHVEGETABLESPOTATOES

VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID)

CITRUS JUICE TOMATOES MELON RAW CABBAGE BROCCOLI STRAWBERRIES

FOLIC ACIDORGAN MEATSMUSCLE MEATSPOULTRYFISHGREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES

NIACIN MEAT POULTRY FISH WHOLE GRAINS BREAD NUTS LEGUMES