Diet Related Diseases This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the California Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy

Diet Related Diseases

This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the California Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy California. These institutions are equal opportunity providers and employers. The Food Stamp Program provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It can help buy nutritious foods for a better diet. For information on the Food Stamp Program, call 1-888-328-3483.

Presented by: Network for a Healthy California

Huntington Beach Union High School District

Reducing Risk of Disease

• Why do we want to reduce our risk of disease?

• What are some of the diseases we see today?

Top Ten Causes of Death in the United States

1. Heart Disease

2. Cancer

3. Stroke

4. Chronic lower respiratory disease

5. Accidents

6. Diabetes

7. Alzheimer’s

8. Influenza/ Pneumonia

9. Kidney

Disease

10. Blood poisoning


We will take a look at:• Diabetes• Heart Disease• Cancer• Obesity

Diabetes

What Causes Diabetes?

• The body does not produce or properly use insulin.

• Insulin is a hormone that allows cells to remove and use glucose from the blood.

Type 1 Diabetes

• Accounts for 5-10% of all diabetes in the United States

• Results from the body’s failure to produce insulin

• Is a genetic disease

Type 2 Diabetes

• Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes in the United States

• Results from increased insulin resistance

• Caused by obesity, age, genetics and inadequate physical activity

Gestational Diabetes

• Diabetes during pregnancy– Increased risk for type 2 diabetes

• How it affects the baby– May cause larger babies– Increased risk for obesity – Increased risk for type 2 diabetes

Symptoms of Diabetes

• Increased thirst and frequent urination

• Extreme hunger

• Weight loss

• Blurred vision

• Slow-healing sores or frequent infections

Diagnosis

• Diagnosed by blood test only– Fasting Plasma Glucose Test– Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

• Gestational Diabetes– Screening may be done via patient

history, clinical risk factors, or laboratory screening

– Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Diabetes Mellitus US Facts

23.6 million people have diabetes

• Diagnosed: 17.9 million people• Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 – 10%• Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 – 95%

• Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people

• 1.6 million cases diagnosed in 2007

We can reduce our risk of which type of diabetes?

Complications from Diabetes

• Heart disease• Stroke• Hypertension

(HTN)• Blindness• Kidney Disease

• Dental Disease• Pregnancy

Complications• Nervous System

Disease• Amputations

What can you do to reduce the risk of getting Type 2 Diabetes ?

Lower your risk of Diabetes

• Maintain an appropriate body weight

• Make healthy food choices

• Exercise daily

Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among

Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1990

Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).

No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%


No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%

Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS

1991-1992


No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%


Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1993-1994


No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%


1995-1996


No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%


1997-1998


No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%




No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%




No Data <4% 4%-6% 6%-8% 8%-10% >10%



Heart Disease

Heart Disease

Each year –

• Heart disease affects 7 million Americans

• Approximately 500,000 people die from heart attacks

Coronary Heart Disease

• CHD results from the narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart

• Atherosclerosis is the gradual build up of plaques in blood vessels that feed the heart

Cholesterol

• Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that occurs naturally in the body.

• The body uses cholesterol for hormone, vitamin D and bile acid production.

• High cholesterol levels may increase your risk for developing CHD.

What foods contain cholesterol?

Sources of cholesterol

• Animal products– Meat – Milk– Butter– Eggs – Cheese

• Our body also produces cholesterol

Risk Factors for CHD

Risk Factors that cannot be controlled:

• Age• Gender• Genetics

Risk Factors for CHD

• Risk Factors that can be controlled:• Smoking• High Cholesterol• Hypertension (HTN)• Physical Inactivity• Obesity• Diabetes• Stress• Alcohol Consumption

What can you do to reduce the risk of heart disease?

Reduce the risk of CHD

• Be at or near appropriate body weight

• Exercise regularly – 60 minutes a day

• Lower intake of saturated fat and trans fat

• Increase Omega-3-Fatty Acids

• Relaxation techniques• Monitor sodium intake

Cancer

Cancer• The term “cancer” refers to a

group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow

• Different kinds of cancer – lung, breast, colon – most common

• Tissue cancer – cartilage, muscle• Immature blood cells form another

type of cancer

What Causes Cancer?

• Viruses

• Excessive exposure to UV

• Obesity

• Low fruit and vegetable intake

What Causes Cancer?

• Cigarette smoking is responsible for most lung cancer

• Excessive alcohol can increase the risk of mouth, throat & esophagus cancer

• People who smoke & drink have 40 times the risk

Lung cancer cells

What Causes Cancer?

• Occupations

• Air and car pollution

Smoking Facts

• Almost 90% of adult smokers are addicted at or before age 18.

• About one-third of 3,000 youth who start to smoke will die from smoking – mainly cancer.

• 28.5% of high school students have smoked within the last 30 days

Cancer Facts

• About half overweight children become overweight adults

• Being overweight increases risk of developing cancer and other heart diseases

What can you do to reduce your risk of Cancer?

Which food groups would you want to increase?

Obesity

Obesity

Definition:

• Overweight - a BMI between 25 and 29.9

• Obesity- a BMI of 30 or higher

BMI is a calculation that is a ratio of your weight to height.

Obesity can increase risk of:

– coronary heart disease– breast cancer, prostate cancer,

colon cancer, uterine cancer – stroke– arthritis– gallbladder disease– sleep apnea, respiratory

problems– metabolic syndrome

Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S. Adults BRFSS,

1985(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)

<10% 10-15% > 15% NA



<10% 10-15% > 15% NA



<10% 10-15% > 15% NA



<10% 10-15% > 15% NA



<10% 10-15% > 15% NA



<10% 10-15% > 15% NA



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% NA



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% ≥20%



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%



<10% 10-15% 15% - 19% 20-24% ≥25%



<10% 10-15% 15% -19% 20-24% 25-29% >30%

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%



Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2007(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2008

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity• It is easier to prevent weight

gain than it is to take it off

• Set goals to change lifestyle habits now – Change diet– Reduce portion sizes– And increase physical activity


• After taking a look at:• Diabetes• Heart Disease• Cancer• Obesity

• Can What You Eat REALLY Make a Difference?

Can What You Eat REALLY Make a Difference?

Increase• Whole grain products• Fruits and vegetables• Low fat or fat free

dairy products• Lean meats, fish,

nuts, beans• Unsaturated fats

such as olive oil• Water

Decrease• Fast foods• Sodas• Candy and

Sweets• Potato Chips• Saturated fats

such as butter• Salty foods

• How can you:

– Improve eating habits?

• Reduce fat and sugar intake?

– Increase physical activity?

A few ideas…• Eat Breakfast!• Include fruit or vegetables at every

meal or snack• Have a piece of fruit instead of

dessert• Limit soda to no more than one a

day• Order small instead of large fries• Walk when you talk on the phone• Walk the whole mall each time you

go

Conclusion

For a Healthy Future Set small, achievable goals to

change your lifestyle and meet guidelines for eating & exercise.

Documents

Diet Related Diseases This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the California Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy