Did You Know?The speed of sound in water is 1,435 m/sec

- nearly five times faster than the speed of sound in air.

This is why Whale songs can be heard from so far away.

Objective: Begin learning about history of marine science and some of the first marine explorers.

Agenda:Organize notebooksGo over Unit 2 Learning GoalsHistory of Exploration Notes

pg. 25

HomeworkNone

Voyages of DiscoveryExplorers and NavigatorsThe first vessels-3000 B.C.

Merchants 2000 B.C.

Fall of the Roman Empire

5000 B.C to 800 A.DEgyptians- made the first sailboats

Phoenicians- made the first trade routes (Mediterranean)

Polynesians- made primitive maps and were the first to have long distance open ocean voyages.

Greeks- Major advancements in navigationPytheas- mapped out latitude using the North StarEratosthenes- calculated Earth’s circumference.

800 A.D to 1400 A.DVikings- Improved sailboats

Bigger sailsOarsmen if no windFlat-bottom boats (get closer to land)

Sea exploration was only done by Vikings

This lasted from about 800-1100 A.D. (the middle of the dark ages)

Major Viking discoveries9th century: warming climate led to melting N.

Atlantic ice, this allowed more Viking voyages through previously frozen area.

Discoveries:Iceland (mild climate)Greenland (frozen land) North America (Newfoundland Canada) led by Leif Eriksson

Leif Eriksson day is Oct. 9th

Middle Ages = Dark AgesIn EuropeAny thoughts on why they were called the

dark ages?

Knowledge of geography and science entered an intellectual “darkness” there was also, poor communication and lack of education.

Meanwhile… In China…During the European “Dark Ages” other parts

of the world, were making intellectual progress.

In 1125 the magnetic compass was invented and being used by the Chinese sailors.

Pg. 24 RTW: How did the Vikings improve on the sailboat?

Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific

expeditions and early explorations!

Agenda: Notes on marine history continued. Pg. 25-27 in

ISNBegin Explorer Project

Homework:Please be sure to keep up with notes you have

might have a pop quiz!

The End of the Dark AgesBartholomeu Dias

A Portuguese navigator1487-Sailed around the tip of Africa, which he called: "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). Later named the Cape of Good Hope

Christopher Columbus 1492 went to sea to find a new route to India for trade, he headed west and crossed the Atlantic and landed in the Bahamas

Later he reached South and Central America

Later ExpeditionsJohn Cabot- 1497 left England and sailed to

what is now Delaware.Vasco Nunez de Balboa – 1500s crossed the

Isthmus of Panama, first to see the East coast of the Pacific

Amerigo Vespucci explored 9600 km of coastline from North to South AmericaMapmakers in Europe named the Americas after him

First to recognize S. America as it’s own continent

Later Expeditions Cont. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese

navigator , was the first to attempt to circumnavigate the earth

Francis Drake- 1577 second successful circumnavigation of the world, his purpose was to raid Spanish ships for treasure.

Fakebook ProfileYou will create a fake Facebook profile for your

assigned explorer. (Google: “fakebook teacher”)Explorers

1. Phoenicians

2. Polynesians

3. Greeks

4. Chinese

5. Vikings6. Portuguese

Google: “ocean motion timeline”

Pg. 24 RTW: Who attempted to circumnavigate the world and died in the process?

Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific

expeditions and early explorations!

Agenda:Finish Explorer Project

Homework:Please be sure to keep up with notes you have

might have a pop quiz!

Fakebook ProfileInclude:

Profile PictureNameWallpaper/background pictureAbout Me Section

Born or time spent exploring/navigating Hometown Job Relationship Status

Wallposts (at least 5 that are informational)Friends/Enemies

By the mid 18th century quite a bit was known about the world’s geography but not much scientific information.

Some questions:How deep is the sea?What causes the currents?What natural resources does the ocean contain?

Scientific ExplorationIn the mid 1700’s, James Cook began using observation to make scientific discoveries on his ship.Figured out how to prevent scurvy. (Vitamin C)

1st to use chronometer to figure out longitude.

Cornelis Drebbel- 1st submarine.http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_drebbel.htm

Benjamin Franklin, US postmaster,

wanted to know why it took longer for mail to come from Europe to America than vice versaLater he drew an accurate map of the Gulf Stream

Ben Franklin’s Gulf Stream- Image 1

Drebbel’s 1st Submarine

Matthew Fontaine Maury- American Naval Officer“The Father of Oceanography”1855 analyzed the logbooks of navy ships and published the first books on oceanography called The Physical Geography of the Sea

S.T.A.R1. Who created the first sailboats?2. What was the significant contribution

by the Polynesians?4. What did Leif Eriksson find?5. Why were the Middle ages called the

Dark ages?6. Who invented the magnetic compass?7. Who are the America’s named after?

S.T.A.R1. Did Magellan succeed in circumnavigating

the earth?2. What was a significant contribution that

Ben Franklin made to oceanography?3. Who used citrus fruit to help prevent

scurvy?

Charles Darwin- naturalist1831, sailed on the

HMS Beaglegoal was to map the

western coastline of South America

Found new species of plants and animals.

•1807, Thomas Jefferson authorized Survey of the Coast (the predecessor to NOAA)

•NOAA- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Galapagos Tortoise

Marine Iguana

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd-1_CjgGCQ&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfZQfCkKuKM&safe=active

HMS Challenger- 1873-1876Led by Sir Charles ThompsonLed the most successful ocean expedition

devoted exclusively to scientific studyCollected water, sediment, and temp dataIdentified more than 4700 new species of

marine organismsDiscovered the “Challenger Deep” in the

Mariana’s trench. (over 35,000 ft. deep)

S.T.A.R1. Who is the “father of physical

oceanography”?

2. Who created the first submarine?

3. How did Cook help to prevent scurvy?

Did You Know?The Pacific Ocean is so big it could fit all of

the Earth’s continents.

The word pacific means peaceful. However, the Pacific Ocean is far from peaceful. Thousands of volcanoes rise up from the Pacific Ocean

Sept. 4st 2013

Objective: I will finish the notes and learn about some of the freaky animals in the sea.

Agenda:Finish notesFreaks of the Ocean

Homework:There will be a mini summative on Tuesday

Copy onto page 23 of your ISN1. For what purpose might an animal use a

disguise?

2. What two factors help a newly hatched loggerhead turtle navigate through the ocean?

3. What unique strategy does a basilisk lizard use to escape danger?

4. What environmental cue prompts a clam to dig deeper into the sand?

5. What does the deep sea anglerfish use to attract prey in the darkness of the ocean?

Did You Know?An average adult body contains around 250g (1/2lb) of salt.

Sept. 5th 2013

Objective: I will master my mini-summative and finish Freaks in the Ocean

Agenda:Mini summativeFreaks in the Ocean

Homework:Tomorrow is a testing day! Please be ready to

gather data for your lab!

Did You Know?A little math

humor

Sept. 6th 2013

Objective: I will continue collecting data for my lab.

Agenda:Freaks in the OceanData Collection

Homework:None

Did You Know?The blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus,

is the largest known animal ever to have lived on sea or land. Individuals can reach more than 110 feet and weigh nearly 200 tons_more than the weight of 50 adult elephants. The blue whale's blood vessels are so broad that a full-grown trout could swim through them, and the vessels serve a heart the size of a small car.

Sept. 9th 2013

Objective: Learn about the major advancements that have changed the way we study marine science

Agenda:Finish Oceans/Notes on submersibles pg. 24Read “Deep and Luminous Blue”

Homework:None

Submersibles Pg. 24

1880 to 1950V. Walfrid Ekman – Figured out the

Ekman Spirals and Ekman LayerFridtjof Nansen – Made the Nansen

Bottle. Now people could take samples of water from different depths of water.

Beebe and Barton – First bathysphere to 4,000 feetSteel sphere at the end of a long cable

(tethered)

The Bathysphere

Marie Thorp and Bruce Heezen – made the first map of the ocean bottom and provided evidence for the theory of Continental Drift.

Auguste Piccard – First bathyscaphe to reach the bottom of the Mariana's Trench at 35,800 feet.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC0hXmO9Phs&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XX7WdfCgnM&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mBG0LbAoqk&safe=active

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGzaUiutuRk&safe=active

This trip was made in 1960 and never Repeated!! The decent took 4 hours and 48 minutes.

Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard inside Trieste

The Meteor, a German ship, 25 months on Atlantic ocean using sonar

Sonar- sosound nanavigation rrangingmapped the ocean floor revealing many different depths and features

Dark and Luminous Blue Pg. 25Read the article and answer the questions on

pg. 25 of your ISN

Turn in the article and question handout when you are finished. (take them home to finish if you need to)

Enjoy reading about the first deep ocean dive from the perspective of the first diver!

Did You Know?Alginates, derived from the cell walls of

brown algae, are used frozen desserts, pickles, adhesives, boiler compounds, ceramics, explosives, paper and toys.

Sept. 10th 2013

Objective: Learn about the major advancements that have changed the way we study marine science

Agenda:Open your ISN pg. 25 Watch the bathyscaph TriesteLearn about personal diving equipment and

what the five oceans are.

Homework:None

Exploring the OceanUnder world called Inner

Space2500 B.C., glass was

discovered and the first mask was made

In the 17th century a diving chamber/bell was invented

Later came a diving suithttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxWFqwFHXoo&safe=active

1797 1837

1855

The Modern Scuba Tank1943- Jacques Cousteau and Emile

Gagnan made final improvements A tank with compressed air was

developed that was strapped on the diver’s back

air breathed through a regulatormarketed as the aqua-lungS.C.U.B.A- Self Contained Underwater

Breathing Apparatus.

Diving VesselsAlso called submersiblesBathysphereBathysphere, allowed aquanauts to go to

deeper depthsBathyscapheBathyscaphe is a steel untethered

submersible that could be controlled. Deepest dive in history (1960).

AlvinAlvin is a self-propelled machine with mechanical arms that can pick up specimens and can carry three humans

JASONJASON, a robot, does not carry people

BuoyancyDiscovered around 200 B.C. by ArchimedesDefinitionDefinition: The force on any object is equal to

the weight of the liquid that the object displacesBuoyancy was the reason the Titanic sank

Sept. 11th 2013

Objective: I will review for tomorrow’s major summative! And get notes on Oceans via edmodo.

Agenda:iPads edmodo

Ocean Notes pg. 28-29 Pg. 27 blank for quiz

Study Guide pg. 30

Homework:STUDY!!!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dftaWQLtPQ&safe=active

FAU Human powered subhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=BowxagcXpho&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Watch the following clip and note down the major contributions in each section.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMWJIOyiY8o&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

FYIMarine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole,

MA-1888Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric

Science, Univ of MiamiScripps Institute of Oceanography- La Jolla, CAFriday Harbor Marine Laboratory- Friday

Harbor, WAMote Marine Laboratory-Sarasota, FL

Sept. 8th 2011

Objective: I will use the principals of buoyancy to create my boat.

Agenda:Finish NotesBegin Boat building

Homework:None Don’t forget open house is tonight.

Sept. 8th 2011

Objective: I will prove that I have mastered the skill of buoyancy by showing my boat can hold the most passengers..

Agenda:-15 min. to finish boats-Testing boats

Homework:Have a happy weekend GO CUDAS!!!!

Boat BuildingTeams of 3-4 people please

1. 1 boat per team2. Please listen to the rules before you begin.

SCUBA Kitty

AUG. 31st 2011

Objective: Learn how modern technology increases the type and quality of information that scientists can collect about Earth’s oceans.

Agenda:Ocean Current Exploration Activity

Homework:Join our Edmodo group: you will have a survey to

complete later this week.

Ocean Current Exploration ActivityExpert Groups- 6 totalEach group analyzes a

map.Answer the following

questions:1. How was this map

made?2. What can you see?3. 1 interesting fact

about your map?

Cooperative Groups- Each expert should move to a group so it has an expert for each map.

Now teach the others about your map

What interesting facts did you learn?

Sept. 1st 2011

Objective: I will review the gulf stream activity and be able to name all 5 oceans and identify characteristics of each.

Agenda:Review activityNotes

Homework:There will be a vocab mini summative on

Tuesday

Image 1

Image 2

Image 3

Image 4

Image 5

Image 6

S.T.A.R 1. Benjamin Franklin charted the Gulf Stream

without the help of satellites; that chart is Image 1. Choose one other image. What are two similarities between the image that you chose and Franklin’s chart? Make sure to write down the image that you chose.

2. List at least three differences between Franklin’s chart and the image that you chose in Question 1.

Did You Know?Can’t remember if an egg is fresh or hard

boiled? Just spin the egg. If it wobbles, it’s raw. If it spins easily, it’s hard boiled. A fresh egg will sink in water, a stale one will float.

Did You Know?

The largest octopus weighs about 15kg (Octopus dofleini). An Octopus has three hearts and it can squeeze through a hole the size of a 10-cent coin. Hapalochlaena species can inject enough venom in one bite to kill several adult humans. They can adopt a two-tentacles "walk" that frees up their six remaining limbs and makes them look like an armed vehicle.

Sept. 11th 2013

Objective: I will learn about the oceans!Agenda:

Ocean notes pg.

Homework:None

OceansThere is really only ONE ocean!!

This makes navigating difficult so we subdivide it into several smaller ones.

The 5 OceansArcticPacificIndianAntarcticAtlantic

Arctic OceanSmallest oceanCovered in pack iceAttracts migrating animals, like whales

Pacific Ocean1/3 of the globe is covered by this ocean

Half of the planet’s seawaterHas the highest mountain – Mauna Kea

Volcano (10,200m)Has the deepest trench – Mariana’s Trench

(11,034m)Shrinking because of subduction zone

causing the “Ring of Fire”.Nuclear Testing during the 40’s and 50’s

Indian OceanWarm latitudesTropics and coral reefsSubtropics have monsoons (reverse currents)Whale sanctuaryRed Sea

Antarctic OceanMarine life flourishes hereKrill, planktonCold goes north to balance the tropics

Atlantic Ocean Icy northern region, but includes the

CaribbeanNorth Atlantic Drift Current

The Gulf StreamSpreading and growing b/c of the Mid-

Atlantic RidgeAbundant sea life, suitable habitats

Mediterranean SeaMiddle of the earthSurrounded by 3 of 7 continentsPollution is a huge problem here

Slow seawater currentsPollution gets trapped b/c of small opening

S.T.A.R1. How many ocean basins are there?

2. Is a “sea” the same as an “ocean”? Where do you find a “sea”?

-Work on the 1st page of the worksheet please

Sept. 2nd 2011

Objective: See how one of Darwin’s early discoveries is still being researched today.

Agenda:“The Galapagos”

Homework:Review vocab and some explorers for

Tuesday’s quiz, don’t forget about edmodo.

GO CUDAS!!

Quiz: History of Marine…1. How many oceans are there? Name them.2. Who is known as the “father of

oceanography”?3. What did Cornelis Drebbel do?4. Who mapped out the Gulf Stream?5. Who figured out how to prevent scurvy?

Quiz: History of Marine…6. Which expedition discovered the deepest

point in the ocean?7. Who created the first sailboats?8. What was named after A. Vespucci?9. What group of people used the North Star

to figure out latitude?10. Who found a route around the Cape of

Good Hope?

Did You Know?Horseshoe crabs have existed in essentially

the same form for the past 135 million years. Their blood provides a valuable test for the toxins that cause septic shock, which previously led to half of all hospital-acquired infections and one-fifth of all hospital deaths.

Sept. 12th 2013

Objective: I will master today’s MAJOR summative!! (test)

Agenda:Get your clickerPut all your stuff in front of the red line…

backpacks, binders, purses…..When you finish find something silent to do.

NO ELECTRONICS until everyone in the class is done!

Homework:Have a Happy Thursday!!

Sept. 23rd 2009

Objective: I will feel confident about the material for tomorrow’s major summative.

Agenda:Turn in the Galapagos writing assignment from

yesterday at the start of class. (all others will be late)

5-8 look over review sheetReview game

Homework:Study for major summative tomorrow

The GalapagosWhile watching the video take brief notes of

interesting facts in your ISN (this can be part of your notes.)

On a separate sheet of paper:Using the notes you took write a 3 paragraph

mini essay on what you would like to research further if you had the opportunity to visit the Galapagos.

Sept. 24th 2009

Objective: I will do great on today’s major summative!!

Agenda:Major Summative: History of Marine Science

Homework:Have a fun and safe 3 day weekend GO CUDAS!!

Titanic Conclusion don’t need to write

Theories of why the ship sank could not be proven because for 73 years the ship could not be located

In 1985 the ship was found with the help of sonar and an underwater robot

With modern technology scientists concluded that the ship sank due to water flowing over the bulkheads and causing the ship to lose buoyancy.