Dictionary Math 7

7/31/2019 Dictionary Math 7

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TC1 , TC2 , TC3 , TC4 , TC5


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Angle

Area Associative Property

of Multiplication

Base

BenchmarkCardinal Number

Chord

Circle

Circumference

Combination

Common Factor

Commutative Property

of Multiplication

Composite Number

CongruentDecimal Division

Degree

Denominator

Distributive PropertyDivision Terms

Divisibility Rules

Division Steps

Equivalent

Equivalent Fraction

Equivalent Fraction

(Method of Finding)

Equilateral Triangles

TC2 , TC3 , TC4 , TC5


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Mixed Number

ModeMultiple

Multiplication Properties

Net

Number , Nominal Number Number, Mixed

Number, Mixed Decima l

Obtuse Angle

Octagon

Ordered Pair

Ordinal Numbers

Outcomes

Parallel Lines

Parallelogram

Pattern 1, Pattern 2, Pattern 3Pentagon

Period

Perimeter

Perpendicular Place Value

Plane

Point

Polygon

Precise

Prime Number

Prism

Probability

TC1 , TC2 , TC4 , TC5


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TC1 , TC2 , TC3 , TC4

Conversion

Decimal Place ValueFormula

Subtrahend

Symbols

TimeTransformation

Translation

Triangle

Unlike Fractions

Vertex

Vinn Diagram

Volume

Zero Property of Multiplication


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Angle what is formed when two rays have the sameendpoint. An angle can be named by the vertex and onepoint on each ray or just by the vertex.

Example:

Area the number of square units needed to cover a surface.(Note - area is measured in square units.)

Rectangular Area = L x W (length times width)W

L

Note the middle letter of the angle namemust be the name of the vertex end point.

Angle ABC, Angle CBA, Angle B ABC, CBA, BB

C

A


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-- Acute Angle an angle that measures less than 90 degrees.Example: ABC is acute

-- Obtuse Angle an angle that measures more than 90degrees.

Example: ABC is obtuse

B

C

A

CB

A


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-- Perpendicular Angle (Right Angle) an angle that measures90 degrees (90).

Example:

ABC is a right angle/perpendicular angle

Associative Property of Multiplication see section M, under Multiplication.

A

B C


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Benchmark a point of reference.

Base a face of a solid figure by which the figure is

measured or is named.Example:

Base

Note the base is a square, so the figureis a square pyramid


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Cardinal Number a number that counts or tells howmany are in a group or set of something.Example: 9 players are on a baseball team. 9 is acardinal number.

Composite Number a number that has more than twofactors.

Example: 4 is a composite; factors 1, 2, 4

12 is composite; factors 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12


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Common Factor a number that is a factor of two or morenumbers at the same time.Example: Factors of 24 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

Factors of 36 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36Common Factors of 24 & 36 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12


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Combination any of the subsets into which a set of units

or elements may be arranged, paying no attention to order.Example:Set 1 Bread: Wheat (Wh), White (Wt), Italian (It)

Set 2 Meat: Bologna (B), Ham (H), Salami (S)Note You may have 1 bread and any 2 different meats

Meat Combination Sandwich CombinationsB , HB , S

H , SH , BS , BS , H

2

1

3

B, HWh H, S S, B

B, HWt H, S S, B

B, HIt H, S S, B

Computation :

Bread Elements times Meat Elements3 x 3

Set 1 x Set 2 = 9 possible combinations of

sandwiches


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r

r r

Circle a closed figure with all points on the figure the same

distance from the center point.Example:

-- Circumference the perimeter of a circle.Example:

-- Radius a line segment with one endpoint at the center of the circle and the other endpoint on the circumferenceof the circle.

Example:

Note all rs are the same length.

r


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-- Diameter a line segment that passes through the center

of the circle and has its endpoints on the circumference of the circle.

Example:

-- Chord a line segment with its endpoints on thecircumference of the circle, but it does not pass throughthe center.

Example:

chord

d

diameter

Commutative Property of Multiplication see section M,under Multiplication.


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Congruent (Figures) figures that have the same shapeand size

A

B

C

D

D

C

B

A


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Divisibility Rules :Divisible by :

2 - If the last digit is even, the number is divisible by 2.

3 - If the sum of the digits is divisible by 3, the number is also.

4 - If the last two digits form a number divisible by 4, the number is also.

5 - If the last digit is a 5 or a 0, the number is divisible by 5.

6 - If the number is divisible by both 3 and 2, the number is also divisible by 6.

7 - Take the last digit, double it, and subtract it from the rest of the number; if the answer is divisible by 7 (including 0), then the number is also.

8 - If the last three digits form a number divisible by 8, then so is the wholenumber.

9 - If the sum of the digits is divisible by 9, the number is also.

10 - If the number ends in 0, it is divisible by 10.


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Division Terms :

Divisor Dividend

Quotient Definitions :

Divisor the quantity by which another number (the Dividend) is divided.

Dividend a quantity to be divided.

Quotient the quantity resulting from thedivision of one quantity by another.

Division the operation of determining how many times one quantity is

contained in another quantity.


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Division Steps :Decide where to place the first digit.

2 3 6 5 3 6 25 5 5 0 25 1 5 0

Operations :DivideMultiplySubtractCheck

Bring Down (if none)-----------------------------Write Remainder

DMSC

B---R

If none


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Decimal Division :Example:

1, 6 6 0 . 0 01 5 41 2 01 1 0

1 0 08 81 2 01 1 0

1 0

7 5 . 4 5

22

Denominator the number that is below the bar in a fractionand tells the total number of equal parts.

Example: , the 4 is the denominator and it is showing

there are four equal parts in the total.


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Degree a unit for measuring angles and for measuring

temperature.Example:A

B C

Angle ABC is 90 degrees or 90 .


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Equivalent Fraction fractions that name the same number

or amount; fractions that name the same part of the wholeor a set.

Example: 1/2 = 2/40 11/2

1/2 The diagrams show that of the figure is equal to

2/4 ( 2 x ) of the figure.

-- Mathematical Solution - 1 2 22 2 4


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Method for Finding Equivalent Fractions :-- Multiply the numerator and the denominator by any number,

provided you use the same number in the numerator and thedenominator.

Example: Change into fourths Change into sixths

1 2 2 1 3 32 2 4 2 3 6

-- Divide the numerator and the denominator by the greatestcommon factor (GCF) of the numerator and denominator.

Example:Change 2/4 into an equivalent fraction

Factors of 2 are 1, 2; Factors of 4 are 1, 2, 4; GCF is 2

2 2 14 2 = 2


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Equivalent means having the same value.

Equally Likely see section P, under Probability .

Equilateral Triangles see section T, under Triangles .


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Factor a number multiplied by another number to find aproduct.

Example: 2 x 4 = 8; factors are 2, 4.

Fraction a fraction is a number that names a part of a whole

or a part of a group.Example: using pizza

1

4

2

3

1 = each persons part4 = total number of equal parts

Test for Simplest Form of a Fraction : find the GreatestCommon Factor (GCF) of the numerator and the denominator.If the GCF is 1, then the fraction is in simplest form.


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Factors, Prime (Prime Factors) all the prime numbers thatwhen multiplied together give the desired product.

Example: The product is 24; the prime factors of 24 are 2 X 2 X 2 X 3.

The Prime Factor Tree for product 24 : 24 2 X 12 3 X 4

2 X 2

Note Only prime numbers makeup the prime factors.

Fraction, Improper (Improper Fraction) a fraction in which theNumerator is larger than the denominator.

Example: 5 /4; 5 > 4 or 5 (the numerator) is greater than4 (the denominator).


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Face a flat surface of a solid figure.

Example:Note a cube has six faces.

Face

Face


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Geometry a branch of mathematics that deals with points,

lines, angles, shapes, and solids.

Greatest Common Factor (GCF) the largest factor that twoOr more numbers have in common (i.e., share).

Example: For products 18 and 30, what is the GCF?Factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6 , 9, 18Factors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 , 10, 15, 30The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is 6 .

Gram the unit for measuring mass in the Metric System.


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Hexagon a polygon with six sides and six internal angles.Example:

1

2

3

45

6

Hundredth the decimal or fraction that names one part of one hundred equal parts.

Example: 1 or 0.01 100


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Intersecting Lines lines that cross at one point.Example:

A

B Y

zCrossing Point

Impossible see section P, Probability .

Isosceles Triangle see section T, Triangles .

Inverse Operation opposite operations that undo each other.Example: Addition and subtraction are inverse operations.

Multiplication and division are inverse operations.

D


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Interval the distance between the numberson a scale of a graph.

Example: Note The interval of the Y axis is 1.The interval of the X axis is 5.

1

2

3

4

5

5 10 15 20 25

Y

X

Interval

Inequlaity a mathematical sentence thatshows two expressions do not represent thesame quantity.

Example: 3 + 2 > 4 - 1


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Kilo a prefix used in the Metric System that means times

1,000.Note - see the Measurement Conversion Aid


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Line a straight path in a plane. It has no end. It can benamed by any two points on that line.

Example:

Line Segment a part of a line between two endpoints.Example:

A B Line AB or A BLine BA or B A

A B Line Segment AB or A B

Line Segment BA or B A

Leaf see section S, under Stem and Leaf Plot .


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Likely see section P, Probability .

Like Fractions are fractions that have the same denominator.Example: 1/ 8 and 5/ 8 are like fractions.


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Multiplication Properties :1. Commutative Property of Multiplication - you can multiply

numbers in any order. The product is always the same.Example: 8 X 5 = 40 or 5 X 8 = 40

2. Associative Property of Multiplication you can groupfactors differently. The product is always the same.

Example: (5 X 4) X 2 = (5 X ( 4 X 2))20 X 2 = 5 X 8 = 40

3. Property of One when one of the factors is 1, the product

equals the other number.Example: 8 X 1 = 8; 1 X 8 = 8

4. Zero property for Multiplication when one factor is zero,the product is zero.

Example: 6 X 0 = 0; 0 X 6 = 0


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5. Distributive Property of Multiplication multiplying a sumby a number is the same as multiplying each addend by thenumber and then adding the products.

Example: 3 X (4 + 2) = (3 X 4) + (3 X 2)3 X 6 = 12 + 6 = 18

Minuend the number from which another number is to besubtracted.

Example: 14 - 9 = 5; 14 is the minuend.

Median the middle number in an ordered set of data or seriesof numbers.

Example: Data Set 5, 6, 8, 7, 4; Ordered data 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8

The median is 6


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Mode the number that occurs most often in an ordered setof data or series of numbers.

Example: Data Set 3, 5, 7, 6, 8, 7, 4;Ordered data 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8The mode is 7 .

Mean the number that represents all the numbers in a set of Data, often called the average.

Example: Date Set 3, 6, 11, 8Add the elements 3 + 6 + 11 + 8 = 28;

Divide the sum by the number of elements in the data set

4 2 87 7 is the mean.


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Multiple a number that is the product of a given number and

Another whole number.Example: 3 X 2 = 6; 6 is a multiple of 3 X 23 X 3 = 9; 9 is a multiple of 3 X 3

Mixed Number a number that is made of a whole number anda fraction.

Example: 2 is a mixed number; 2 is the whole number and is the fraction.


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Nominal Number a number that names things.Example: 909 Courtney Lane; 909 is a nominal number.

Number, Mixed Decimal (Mixed Decimal Number) a number that is made of a whole number and a decimal number.

Example: 1. 2 1 is the whole number; .2 is the decimalnumber.

Numerator the number above the bar in a fraction that tellsHow many parts are being considered.

Example: 3/5; 3 is the numerator and tells that we areconsidering 3 parts out of the total of 5 equal parts.


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Net a two dimensional pattern for a three dimensional solid.Example:

Net for The cube


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Ordinal Number a number that tells the positionor order.

Example: 1 st , second, 15 th , 3 rd


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Outcomes (Total Possible Outcomes Different Ways)Note order or arrangement does matter.

Definition all the possible different ways objects or numberscan be put together in a specified manner.

Example: If you flip two coins, how many possible outcomescan you have?

Two Coins - C1, C2H1, T1 H2, T2

There are 16 possibleoutcomes.

H2H1

T2

H2T1

T2

T2T1

H2

T2H1

H2

H1H2

T1

H1T2

T1

T1T2

H1

T1H2

H1


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Octagon a polygon with eight sides and eight internal angles.Example: 8

7

65

4

3

21

Obtuse Angle an angle that measures more than 90 degrees ;see section A, Angle .


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Ordered Pair a pair of numbers used to locate a point on aGrid.

Example: (5, 3) is an ordered pair of numbers.Note with an ordered pair of numbers, the first number ison the X axis and the second number is on the Y axis.

Y

1

2

3

45

1 2 3 4 5X

(5, 3)


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Product the answer to a multiplication problem; the number (answer) gotten when two factors are multiplied.

Example: 2 X 4 = 8; the factors are 2 & 4; the productis 8.

Perimeter the measure of the distance around the outside of a closed figure.

Example: for a rectangle

W

W

LL

Perimeter = W + L + W + LUsing the Mathematical Properties:W + L + W + L = PW + W + L + L = P (Associative Property of Addition)

2 W + 2L = P2 X ( W + L) = P (Distributive Property of Multiplication)


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Prime Number a number that has only two factors, 1 and thenumber itself.

Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 are prime numbers. For thenumber 3, the only way to get the number as a product isusing the factors 1 and 3 (1 X 3 = 3).

Pattern a set of characteristics that are displayed repeatedly.Example: Continue the sequence 35, 40, 45, 50, ___, ___, First, find the difference for 3 sequential pairs of numbers 40 35 = 5, 45 40 = 5, 50 45 = 5. the difference is 5;therefore, you can continue the sequence by adding 5 tothe last number in the sequence 50, 55 (50 + 5), 60 (55 +5).


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Precise finding a unit that measures nearest to the actuallength of an object.

Point identifies a location on an object or in space. It isnamed by a letter.

Example: Point B B

Plane a flat surface with no end. Planes are named by anythree points in the plane.

Example:Plane ABC

A B

D C


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Probability the chance that an event will happen.

-- Event something that happens in a probability experimentthat results in an outcome.

-- Certain an event will always happen (the probability is

equal to 1).

-- Impossible an event will never happen (the probability isequal to 0).

-- More Likely an event that has more chances to happenthan another event (its probability is greater than theprobability of another event).


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Probability (continued).

-- Less Likely an event that has fewer chances to happenthan another event (its probability is less than the probabilityof another event).

-- Equally Likely - an event that has the same number of chances to happen as another event (its probability is equalto the probability of another event).

The number of

Probability = ways an event occurs = Possible OutcomesThe number of ways Total Possible Outcomesall events can occur


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Perpendicular lines that intersect and form four right angles atthe point of intersection.

Example:

Parallel Lines lines that never intersect and are the samedistance apart at opposite points along the lines.

Example:

1 2

34

Z Y

A

B

Y

A B

Z


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Polygon a closed plane figure with straight sides that isnamed by the number of its sides and angles.

Example:6

54

32

1

Pentagon a polygon with five sides and five internal angles.Example:

5

4

3

21

Period a three digit grouping on a Place Value chart or in aNumber. Example: 6, 000, 000

Period


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Prism a solid figure whose ends are congruent, parallelpolygons and whose sides are rectangles.

Example:EndEnd

Side

Pyramid a solid figure with a base that is a polygon andthree or more other faces that are triangles with a commonvertex.

Example:

Vertex

TriangleFace

Base

Note the base is a square, so the figureis a square pyramid


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Quotient the answer in a division problem.Example:

2 3 6

1 8

21 61 6

0

Quotient


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Quadrilateral a polygon that has four sides and four internalangles.

-- General Quadrilateral has four sides of any length and four internal angles of any size.

Example:

-- Trapezoid has one pair of parallel sides.Example:

2

3

4

1

1

2

3

4

Note sides 2 & 4 are parallel.


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Quadrilateral (Continued)

-- Parallelogram has two pairs of congruent sides, twopairs of congruent angles, and two pairs of parallel sides.

Example:

-- Rhombus has four congruent sides and two pairs of congruent angles.

Example:

1

2

3

4

Note sides 2 & 4 are paralleland sides 1 & 3 are parallel

1 2

34

Note sides 1, 2, 3, & 4 are congruentand opposite angles are congruent


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Quadrilateral (Continued)

-- Square has four congruent sides and four right (90) angles.Example:

-- Rectangle has two pairs of congruent sides, four right(90) angles, and two pairs of parallel sides.

Example:

1

2

3

4

Note sides 1, 2, 3, & 4 are congruentand all angles are right (90) angles.

1

2

3

4

Note sides 2 & 4 are parallel,sides 1 & 3 are parallel,

and all angles are right (90) angles.


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Rounding Rules

1. Decide which digit is to be rounded (use place valueposition names).

2. If the digit to its right is less than 5, the digit being roundedstays the same and all digits to the right change to 0s.

3. If the digit to its right is 5 or more, the digit being roundedis increased by 1 and all the digits to the right change to 0s.

Example: 4 23 rounded to the nearest ten is 420 .289 rounded to the nearest ten is 290 .


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Ray a part of a line that has one end point and goes onforever in one direction. A ray is named by its endpoint and

one other point on the ray.Example:

A B Ray A B or A B

Range the difference between the greatest and the leastnumbers in an ordered set of data.

Example: Data Set 5, 9, 15, 26, 4, 1;Ordered data 1, 4, 5, 9, 15, 26The range is 25 ( 26 1 = 25).

Radius see section C, under Circle .


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Reflection when a figure is flipped across

a line (or an axis).Example:Note points that are near the line or axison one side are near the line or axis on theother side. Points that are far on one side

are far on the other side.

A A

B B

Rotation when a figure is turned arounda point or a vertex.

Example:

A

A

BB


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Symbols signs that have meaning.

= is the symbol for equals. (Example: 4 = 4 x 1 )> is the symbol for greater than. (Example: 5 > 4)< is the symbol for less than. (Example: 4 < 5) is the symbol for does not equal. (Example: 4 5)

is the symbol for approximately equals.(Example: 99 100)

Subtrahend a number that is to be subtracted from another

number (minuend).Example: 14 9 9 is the subtrahend

5

Strategy a plan or way for solving a problem


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Strategy a plan or way for solving a problemExamples:

1. Act out the problem.2. Make a picture or diagram.3. Make a table.4. Make an organized list.5. Guess and check.6. Look for a pattern.

7. Work backwards.8. Use logical reasoning9. Solve a simpler problem.

Similar (Figures) figures that have the same shape, but may

not have the same size.Example:

A A

Note Figure A is similar to figure A .


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Simplest Form a fraction that has 1 as theGreatest Common Factor (GCF) of the numer-

ator and the denominator is in simplest form.Example: 3 1 19 3 3

= is in simplest form becausethe GCF of 1 and 3 is 1.

Scale a series of numbers placed at fixeddistances on a graph.

Example:

1

2

3

4

5

5 10 15 20 25

Y

X

Scale


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Stem Leaf Plot a table tha shows data organized by placevalue.

Example: Data Set (Student grades) 71, 84, 95, 73, 76,87, 95, 96, 97.Stem Leaf

7

89

1, 3, 6

4, 75, 5, 6, 7


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Time Measurement :1 Year = 365 days or 52 weeks or 12 months.

1 Week = 7 days.1 Day = 24 hours.1 Hour = 60 minutes.1 Minute = 60 seconds.

Time (meaning of the digits):7 : 5 5 A. M. - School starts

Hours Minutes

Time (Subtracting): 2 m 4 sec 1 m 64 sec-1m 25 sec - 1 m 25 sec

39 sec

514


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Triangle a polygon with three sides and three internal angles.

-- Scalene Triangle a triangle with three sides of differentlength and three angles of different measure.Example:

-- Isosceles Triangle a triangle with two congruent sides andtwo congruent angles.

Example:

1 2

3

Note sides 1, 2, & 3 are all differentin length.

1 2

3

Note sides 1 & 2 are the samein length.


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Triangle a polygon with three sides and three internal angles. -- Equilateral Triangle a triangle with three congruent sides

and three congruent angles.Example:

-- Right Triangle a triangle with one right (90) angle.Example:

1 2

3

Note sides 1, 2, & 3 are all congruent.

Right Angle


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Triangle a polygon with three sides and three internal angles.

-- Acute Triangle a triangle with three acute angles.Example:

-- Obtuse Triangle a triangle with one obtuse angle.Example:

1 2

3

Note all angles are acute angles

Obtuse Angle


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Translation when a figure slides inany direction (vertically, horizontally, diagonally

Example:

Start Stop

Transformation the movement of a figure;

either a Translation, Rotation, or Reflection.


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Unlike Fractions fractions that have different denominators.Example: 3 2

4 3

and are unlike because their denominators

are different ( 4 & 3).


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Vertex the point where two rays of an angle, two sides of aPolygon, or three or more edges of a solid figure meet.

Example:Vertex

Venn Diagram a diagram that uses geometric shapes (usuallycircles) to show relationships.

Example:4

810

16

39

1521

6

1824

12

Divisible by 2 Divisible by 3

Divisible by 2 & 3


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Volume the measure of the space a solid figure occupies.Example:

W

H

D

Computing volume - W x H x D;volume is expressed in cubic units.


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Zero Property of Multiplication see section M,under Multiplication .


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Numbers there are three ways to write a number.-- Standard Form a number that is written using the

numeral symbols.Example: 1, 456, 729

-- Written Form a number that is written using the words

that show how many (quantity) and place value.Example: One million, four hundred fifty-six thousand, sevenhundred twenty-nine.

-- Expanded Form a number that is written by separatingit into parts by place value and by using multiplication toshow the value of the digit.

Example: 1 x 1, 000,000 + 4 x 100,000 + 5 x 10,000+ 6 x 1, 000 + 7 x 100 + 2 x 10 + 9 x 1.

Place Value the system used to give meaning to


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Place Value the system used to give meaning tonumbers written in a series.

Example: 9 0 1, 2 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9 0

Billions Millions

Thousands Units

9 0 1, 2 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9 0Hundreds Tens

Ones

9 x 100, 000, 000, 000 + 0 x 10, 000, 000, 000 + 1 x 1, 000, 000, 000 + 2 x 100, 000, 000+ 3 x 10, 000, 000 + 4 x 1, 000, 000 + 5 x 100, 000

+ 6 x 10, 000 + 7 x 1, 000 + 8 x 100 + 9 x 10 + 0 x 1


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PatternsWhen finding the missing number in a list of numbers, youneed to figure out what pattern exists in the list. First, figureout whether the numbers are increasing or decreasing. Then,figure out how much more or how much less each number is than the previous number.

Example: 10, 11, 12, ? , 1413 is the missing number.

Example: 40, 39, 38, ? , 3637 is the missing number.

Example: 4, 8, 12, 16, ? 20 is the missing number .


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PatternsWhen finding the missing picture in a list of pictures, you need to

figure out what pattern exists in the list. First, look at theincreasing or decreasing in the number of objects in eachpicture in the list. Then, figure out how much bigger or howmuch smaller each picture is than the previous picture.

Example : Complete thegeometric patterns.

Answer :

Answer:


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ConversionTo change from one unit of measure to another unit of measure

E.x., 12 inches = 1 foot12 inches / 12 inches per foot = 1 foot


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Formula A set of symbols that expresses a mathematical rule.

E.x., Area = Length times Width(A = L x W)


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Decimal Place Value the system used to give meaning todecimal numbers written in a series.

Example: 0 . 2 3 4

0 . 2 3 4Tenths

Hundredths Thousandths


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