THEASSYRIAN DICTIONARYOF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

EDITORIAL BOARD

JOHN A. BRINKMAN, MIGUEL CIVIL, IGNACE J. GELB, A. LEO OPPENHEIM t, ERICA REINER

1982

PUBLISHED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.

AND J.J. AUGUSTIN VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, GLOCKSTADT, GERMANY

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER: 0-918986-24-9

(SET: 0-918986-05-2)

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 56-58292

©1982 by THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Second Printing 1995

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

COMPOSITION BY J. J. AUGUSTIN, GLUCKSTADT

The preparation of this volume of The Assyrian Dictionary wasmade possible in part by a grant from the Program for ResearchTools and Reference Works of the National Endowment for theHumanities, an independent Federal agency.

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THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

VOLUME 13

QERICA REINER, EDITOR-IN-CHARGE

ROBERT D. BIGGS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR

WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF

MAUREEN GALLERY, BRIGITTE GRONEBERG,

HERMANN HUNGER, AND BURKHART KIENAST

MANUSCRIPT EDITOR

PETER T. DANIELS

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ForewordSections of the basic manuscript of this volume were prepared by Maureen Gallery,

Brigitte Groneberg (University ofTiibingen), Hermann Hunger (University of Vienna),and Burkhart Kienast (University of Freiburg).

Thanks are again due to several colleagues abroad for their help in the preparationof this volume: to Professor W. G. Lambert (University of Birmingham), who readthe manuscript and made suggestions and corrections and contributed unpublishedmaterial; and to Professors Simo Parpola (University of Helsinki) and Klaas R. Veen-hof (Universities of Amsterdam and Leiden) for reading various stages of the manu-script and proofs. Professor Hans Hirsch (University of Vienna), during his stayin Chicago, and Professor Matthew W. Stolper (University of Chicago) made valuablesuggestions concerning semantic and editorial problems.

Thanks are due also to Irving L. Finkel (British Museum) and Joan G. Westen-holz for help with the final checking of references.

Chicago, Illinois ERICA REINERFebruary, 1979

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Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsThe following compilation brings up to date the list of abbreviations given in volumes A Parts 1 and 2,

B, D, E, G, H, I/J, K, L, M, N, $, and Z and includes the titles previously cited according to the listsof abbreviations in Archiv fir Orientforschung, W. von Soden, GrundriB der akkadischen Gramma-tik, and Zeitschrift fir Assyriologie. Complete bibliographical references will be given in a later volume.The list also includes the titles of the lexical series as prepared for publication by B. Landsberger, orunder his supervision, or in collaboration with him.

A

A

A-tabletAAA

AAAS

AASF

AASOR

ABABAW

AbB

Abel-Winckler

ABIM

ABL

ABoT

AbS-T

ACh

Acta Or.Actes du 8e

CongresInternational

ADD

AfKAfOAGMAHDOAHw.

lexical series a A = ndqu, pub.MSL 14

tablets in the collections of theOriental Institute, University ofChicago

lexical text, see MSL 13 10ff.Annals of Archaeology and Anthro-

pologyAnnales Archeologiques Arabes

SyriennesAnnales Academiae Scientiarum

FennicaeThe Annual of the American Schools

of Oriental ResearchAssyriologische BibliothekAbhandlungen der Bayerischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenAltbabylonische Briefe in Um-

schrift und UbersetzungL. Abel and H. Winckler, Keil-

schrifttexte zum Gebrauch beiVorlesungen

A. al-Zeebari, AltbabylonischeBriefe des Iraq-Museums

R. F. Harper, Assyrian and Baby-lonian Letters

Ankara Arkeoloji Miizesinde . . .Bogazkoy Tabletleri

field numbers of Pre-Sar. tabletsexcavated at Tell Abu alabikh

C. Virolleaud, L'Astrologie chald6-enne

Acta OrientaliaActes du 8 Congres International

des Orientalistes, Section Semi-tique (B)

C. H. W. Johns, Assyrian Deedsand Documents

Archiv fur KeilschriftforschungArchiv fir OrientforschungArchiv ftir Geschichte der MedizinArchives d'histoire du droit orientalW. von Soden, Akkadisches Hand-

worterbuch

Ai. lexical series ki.KI.KAL.b i. ae = anaitti4u, pub. MSL 1

AIPHOS Annuaire de l'Institut de Philo-logie et d'Histoire Orientales etSlaves (Brussels)

Aistleitner J. Aistleitner, Worterbuch derWorterbuch Ugaritischen Sprache

AJA American Journal of ArchaeologyAJSL American Journal of Semitic Lan-

guages and LiteraturesAKA E. A. W. Budge and L. W. King,

The Annals of the Kings ofAssyria

Ali Sumerian F. A. Ali, Sumerian Letters: TwoLetters Collections from the Old Baby-

lonian SchoolsAlp Beamten- S. Alp, Untersuchungen zu den

namen Beamtennamen im hethitischenFestzeremoniell

Altmann, ed., A. Altmann, ed., Biblical and OtherBiblical and Studies (= Philip W. Lown In-Other Studies stitute of Advanced Judaic Stud-

ies, Brandeis University, Studiesand Texts: Vol. 1)

AMI Archaologische Mitteilungen ausIran

AMSUH Abhandlungen aus dem mathema-tischen Seminar der UniversitatHamburg

AMT R. C. Thompson, Assyrian MedicalTexts . ..

An lexical series An = AnumAnatolian Anatolian Studies Presented to

Studies Hans Gustav GiiterbockGiterbock

AnBi Analecta BiblicaAndrae W. Andrae, Die Festungswerke

Festungs- von Assur (= WVDOG 23)werke

Andrae W. Andrae, Die Stelenreihen inStelenreihen Assur (= WVDOG 24)

ANES Journal of the Ancient NearEastern Society of ColumbiaUniversity

vii

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Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsAngim epic Angim dimma, cited from

MS. of A. Falkenstein (line nos. inparentheses according to CooperAngim)

AnOr Analecta OrientaliaAnSt Anatolian StudiesAntagal lexical series antagal = IaquAO tablets in the collections of the

Musee du LouvreAOAT Alter Orient und Altes TestamentAOAW Anzeiger der Osterreichischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenAOB Altorientalische BibliothekAoF Altorientalische ForschungenAOS American Oriental SeriesAOTU Altorientalische Texte und Unter-

suchungenAPAW Abhandlungen der PreuBischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenArkeologya Turk Tarih, Arkeologya ve Ethno-

Dergisi grafya DergisiARM Archives royales de Mari (1-10 =

TCL 22-31; 14, 18, 19 = Textescuneiformes de Mari 1-3)

ARMT Archives royales de Mari (texts intransliteration and translation)

Aro Glossar J. Aro, Glossar zu den mittel-babylonischen Briefen (= StOr 22)

Aro Gramm. J. Aro, Studien zur mittelbaby-lonischen Grammatik (= StOr 20)

Aro Infinitiv J. Aro, Die akkadischen Infinitiv-konstruktionen (= StOr 26)

Aro Kleider- J. Aro, Mittelbabylonische Kleider-texte texte der Hilprecht-Sammlung

Jena (= BSAW 115/2)ArOr Archiv OrientalniARU J. Kohler and A. Ungnad, Assy-

rische RechtsurkundenAS Assyriological Studies (Chicago)ASAW Abhandlungen der Sachsischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenASGW Abhandlungen der Sachsischen Ge-

sellschaft der WissenschaftenASKT P. Haupt, Akkadische und sume-

rische Keilschrifttexte ...ASSF Acts Societatis Scientiarum Fen-

nicaeAssur field numbers of tablets excavated

at AssurAugapfel J. Augapfel, Babylonische Rechts-

urkunden aus der RegierungszeitArtaxerxes I. und Darius II.

Aynard Asb. J.-M. Aynard, Le Prisme du LouvreAO 19.939

BA Beitrage zur Assyriologie ...Bab. BabyloniacaBagh. Mitt. Baghdader MitteilungenBalkan Kassit. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien (= AOS

Stud. 37)Balkan Letter K. Balkan, Letter of King Anum-

Hirbi of Mama to King Warshamaof Kanish

Balkan K. Balkan, Observations on theObservations Chronological Problems of the

Karum KanilBalkan K. Balkan, Eine Schenkungsur-

Schenkungs- kunde aus der althethitischenurkunde Zeit, gefunden in Inandik 1966

Barton G. A. Barton, Haverford LibraryHaverford Collection of Cuneiform Tablets or

Documents from the TempleArchives of Telloh

Barton MBI G. A. Barton, Miscellaneous Baby-lonian Inscriptions

Barton RISA G. A. Barton, The Royal Inscrip-tions of Sumer and Akkad

BASOR Bulletin of the American Schoolsof Oriental Research

Bauer Asb. T. Bauer, Das Inschriftenwerk As-surbanipals

Bauer J. Bauer, Altsumerische Wirt-Lagasch schaftstexte aus Lagasch (= Stu-

dia Pohl 9)Baumgartner Hebraische Wortforschung, Fest-

AV schrift zum 80. Geburtstag vonWalter Baumgartner (= VTSupp. 16)

BBK Berliner Beitrage zur Keilschrift-forschung

BBR H. Zimmern, Beitrage zur Kenntnisder babylonischen Religion

BBSt. L. W. King, Babylonian BoundaryStones

BE Babylonian Expedition of the Uni-versity of Pennsylvania, Series A:Cuneiform Texts

Belleten Turk Tarih Kurumu, BelletenBergmann E. Bergmann, Lugale (in MS.)

LugaleBezold Cat.

Bezold Cat.Supp.

Bezold Glossar

BHT

BiArBib.Biggs Al-Hiba

Biggs aziga

Bilgi9 Appel-lativa derkapp. Texte

C. Bezold, Catalogue of the Cunei-form Tablets in the KouyunjikCollection of the British Museum

L. W. King, Catalogue of theCuneiform Tablets of the BritishMuseum. Supplement

C. Bezold, Babylonisch-assyrischesGlossar

S. Smith, Babylonian HistoricalTexts

The Biblical ArchaeologistBiblicaR. D. Biggs, Inscriptions from Al-Hiba-Lagash: The First and Sec-ond Seasons

R. D. Biggs, SA.zI.GA: AncientMesopotamian Potency Incan-tations (= TCS 2)

E. Bilgi9, Die einheimischen Appel-lativa der kappadokischen Texte

viii

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Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

BIN Babylonian Inscriptions in the Col-lection of J. B. Nies

BiOr Bibliotheca OrientalisBirot Tablet- M. Birot, Tablettes 6conomiques ettes administratives d'epoque babylo-

nienne ancienne conservees auMusee d'Art et d'Histoire deGeneve

BM tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

BMAH Bulletin des Musees Royaux d'Artet d'Histoire

BMFA Bulletin of the Museum of FineArts

BMMA Bulletin of the Metropolitan Mu-seum of Art

BMQ The British Museum QuarterlyBMS L. W. King, Babylonian Magic and

SorceryBo. field numbers of tablets excavated

at BoghazkeuiBohl Chres- F. M. T. Bohl, Akkadian Chres-tomathy tomathy

Bohl Leiden F. M. T. Bohl, Mededeelingen uitColl. de Leidsche Verzameling van

Spijkerschrift-InscriptiesBoissier Choix A. Boissier, Choix de textes relatifs

A la divination assyro-babylo-nienne

Boissier DA A. Boissier, Documents assyriensrelatifs aux presages

Bollenrucher J. Bollenricher, Gebete und Hym-Nergal nen an Nergal (= LSS 1/6)

BOR Babylonian and Oriental RecordBorger R. Borger, Einleitung in die assyri-

Einleitung schen KonigsinschriftenBorger Esarh. R. Borger, Die Inschriften Asar-

haddons, Konigs von Assyrien(= AfO Beiheft 9)

Borger HKL R. Borger, Handbuch der Keil-schriftliteratur

Boson G. Boson, Tavolette cuneiformiTavolette sumere...

BoSt Boghazkoi-StudienBoTU Die Boghazkoi-Texte in Umschrift

... (= WVDOG 41-42)Boudou Liste A. Boudou, Liste de noms geo-

graphiques (= Or. 36-38)Boyer Contri- G. Boyer, Contribution a l'histoire

bution juridique de la 1'e dynastiebabylonienne

von Branden- C. G. von Brandenstein, Hethiti-stein Heth. sche Gotter nach Bildbeschrei-Gotter bungen in Keilschrifttexten (=

MVAG 46/2)Brinkman J. A. Brinkman, Materials and

MSKH Studies for Kassite HistoryBrinkman J. A. Brinkman, A Political His-

PKB tory of Post-Kassite Babylonia,1158-722 B.C. (= AnOr 43)

BRM Babylonian Records in the Libraryof J. Pierpont Morgan

Brockelmann C. Brockelmann, Lexicon syria-Lex. Syr.2 cum, 2nd ed.

BSAW Berichte der Sachsischen Akade-mie der Wissenschaften

BSGW Berichte der Sachsischen Gesell-schaft der Wissenschaften

BSL Bulletin de la Societe de Linguis-tique de Paris

BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Orientaland African Studies

Bu. tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of theOriental Institute of the Uni-versity of Chicago

Cagni Erra L. Cagni, L'epopea di ErraCamb. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von

CambysesCassin An- E. Cassin, Anthroponymie et An-

throponymie thropologie de NuziCBM tablets in the collections of the

University Museum of the Uni-versity of Pennsylvania, Phila-delphia (= CBS)

CBS tablets in the collections of theUniversity Museum of the Uni-versity of Pennsylvania, Phila-delphia

CCT Cuneiform Texts from CappadocianTablets

CH R. F. Harper, The Code of Ham-murabi ...

Chantre E. Chantre, Recherches archeolo-giques dans l'Asie occidentale.Mission en Cappadoce 1893-94

Chiera STA E. Chiera, Selected Temple Ac-counts from Telloh, Yokha andDrehem. Cuneiform Tablets in theLibrary of Princeton University

Christian Festschrift fir Prof. Dr. ViktorFestschrift Christianig-Kizilyay M. Qig and H. Kizilyay, Neusumeri-NRVN sche Rechts- und Verwaltungs-

urkunden aus NippurQig-Kizilyay- M. Qig, H. Kizilyay (Bozkurt),

Kraus Nippur F. R. Kraus, AltbabylonischeRechtsurkunden aus Nippur

Qig-Kizilyay- M. Qig, H. Kizilyay, A. Salonen,Salonen Die Puzri§-Dagan-Texte (= AASFPuzrig-Dagan- B 92)Texte

Clay PN A. T. Clay, Personal Names fromCuneiform Inscriptions of the Cas-site Period (= YOR 1)

Cocquerillat D. Cocquerillat, Palmeraies et cul-Palmeraies tures de l'Eanna d'Uruk (559-520)

Coll. de Clercq H. F. X. de Clercq, Collection deClercq. Catalogue ...

ix

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsCombe Sin E. Combe, Histoire du culte de Sin

en Babylonie et en AssyrieContenau G. Contenau, Contribution a

Contribution l'histoire 6conomique d'Um-ma

Contenau G. Contenau, Umma sous laUmma Dynastie d'Ur

Cooper Angim J. Cooper, The Return of Ninurtato Nippur (= AnOr 52)

Copenhagen tablets in the collections of theNational Museum, Copenhagen

Corpus of E. Porada, Corpus of Ancient NearAncient Near Eastern Seals in North AmericanEastern CollectionsSeals

CRAI Academie des Inscriptions et BellesLettres. Comptes rendus

Craig AAT J. A. Craig, Astrological-Astro-nomical Texts

Craig ABRT J. A. Craig, Assyrian and Babylo-nian Religious Texts

Cros Tello G. Cros, Mission frangaise deChald6e. Nouvelles fouilles de Tello

CRRA Compte rendu, Rencontre Assyrio-logique Internationale

CT Cuneiform Texts from BabylonianTablets

CTN Cuneiform Texts from NimrudCyr. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von

CyrusDAFI Cahiers de la D6legation Archeolo-

gique Frangaise en IranDalley S. Dalley, A catalogue of the Ak-

Edinburgh kadian cuneiform tablets in thecollections of the Royal ScottishMuseum, Edinburgh

Dalman G. H. Dalman, ... Aramaisch-neu-Aram. Wb. hebraisches Worterbuch zu Tar-

gum, Talmud und MidraschDar. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von

DariusDavid AV J. A. Ankum, R. Feenstra,

W. F. Leemans, eds., Symbolaeiuridicae et historicae MartinoDavid dedicatae. Tomus alter:lura Orientis antiqui

Deimel Fara A. Deimel, Die Inschriften von Fara(= WVDOG 40, 43, 45)

Delaporte L. J. Delaporte, Catalogue desCatalogue cylindres orientaux . .. de laBibliotheque Bibliotheque NationaleNationale

DelaporteCata-logueLouvre

L. J. Delaporte, Catalogue descylindres ... Musee du Louvre

Delitzsch AL3 F. Delitzsch, Assyrische Lese-stiicke, 3rd ed.

Delitzscb F. Delitzsch, Assyrisches Hand-HWB worterbuch

DietrichAramaer

van DijkGotterlieder

van DijkLa Sagesse

Diri

Divination

DLZDP

Dream-book

van Driel Cultof AgAur

M. Dietrich, Die Aramaer Siid-babyloniens in der Sargoniden-zeit (= AOAT 7)

J. van Dijk, Sumerische Gotter-lieder

J. van Dijk, La Sagesse Sum6ro-Accadienne

lexical series diri DIR siaku =(w)atru

J. Nougayrol, ed., La divinationen m6sopotamie ancienne et dansles r6gions voisines

Deutsche LiteraturzeitungM. Allotte de la Fuye, Documents

presargoniquesA. L. Oppenheim, The Inter-pretation of Dreams in the AncientNear East (= Transactions of theAmerican Philosophical Society,Vol. 46/3)

G. van Driel, The Cult of AsAur

D.T. tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

Ea lexical series ea A = ndqu, pub.MSL 14

EA J. A. Knudtzon, Die El-Amarna-Tafeln (= VAB 2); EA 359-79:Rainey EA

Eames Coll. A. L. Oppenheim, Catalogue of theCuneiform Tablets of the Wilber-force Eames Babylonian Col-lection in the New York PublicLibrary (= AOS 32)

Eames Col- tablets in the Wilberforce Eameslection Babylonian Collection in the New

York Public LibraryEbeling E. Ebeling, Glossar zu den neu-

Glossar babylonischen Briefen (= SBAW1953/1)

Ebeling E. Ebeling, Die akkadische Ge-Hand- betsserie "Handerhebung"erhebung VIO 20)

Ebeling KMI E. Ebeling, Keilschrifttexte medi-zinischen Inhalts

Ebeling E. Ebeling, Neubabylonische BriefeNeubab. (= ABAW NF 30)Briefe

EbelingNeubab.

E. Ebeling, Neubabylonische Briefeaus Uruk

Briefe aus UrukEbeling E. Ebeling, Parfimrezepte und

Parfumrez. kultische Texte aus Assur (alsopub. in Or. NS 17-19)

Ebeling E. Ebeling, Stiftungen und Vor-Stiftungen schriften fitr assyrische Tempel

(= VIo 23)Ebeling E. Ebeling, Bruchstiicke einer

Wagenpferde mittelassyrischen Vorschriften-sammlung fur die Akklimati-

x

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviationssierung und Trainierung vonWagenpferden (= VIO 7)

Edzard Tell D. O. Edzard, Altbabylonischeed-Der Rechts- und Wirtschaftsurkunden

aus Tell ed-Der (= ABAW NF 72)Edzard D. O. Edzard, Die "Zweite Zwi-Zwischenzeit schenzeit" Babyloniens

Eilers W. Eilers, Iranische Beamten-Beamten- namen in der keilschriftlichennamen tberlieferung (= Abhandlungen

fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes25/5)

Eilers W. Eilers, Gesellschaftsformen imGesellschafts- altbabylonischen Rechtformen

Emesal Voc.

En. el.ErimhuErimhus Bogh.Eshnunna

Code

lexical series dimmer = dingir= ilu, pub. MSL 4 3-44

Enuma elilexical series erimhuA = anantuBoghazkeui version of Erimhu§see Goetze LE

Evetts App. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of...Evil-Merodach... Appendix

Evetts Ev.-M. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of... Evil-Merodach

Evetts Lab. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of... Laborosoarchod

Evetts Ner. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of.. Neriglissar

Explicit Malku synonym list malku = garru, ex-plicit version (Tablets I-II pub.A. D. Kilmer, JAOS 83 421ff.)

Fales Censi- F. M. Fales, Censimenti e catastimenti di epoca neo-assira

FalkensteinATU

Falkenstein

A. Falkenstein, Archaische Texteaus Uruk

A. Falkenstein, Das SumerischeDas Sume- (= Handbuch der Orientalistik,rische Erste Abteilung, Zweiter Band,

Erster und Zweiter Abschnitt,Lieferung I)

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Die neusumerischenGerichts- Gerichtsurkunden (= ABAW NFurkunden 39, 40, 44)

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Sumerische Gotter-Gotterlieder lieder

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Grammatik derGrammatik Sprache Gudeas von Lagal (=

AnOr 28 and 29)Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Die Haupttypen

Haupttypen der sumerischen Beschworung(= LSS NF 1)

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Topographie vonTopographic Uruk

Farber IMtar W. Farber, Beschworungsritualeund Dumuzi an Ihtar und Dumuzi

Festschrift Festschrift fuir Wilhelm Eilers: EinEilers Dokument der internationalen

Forschung

FF Forschungen und FortschritteFigulla Cat. H. H. Figulla, Catalogue of the

Babylonian Tablets in the BritishMuseum

Finet A. Finet, L'Accadien des lettres deL'Accadien Mari

Finkelstein Essays on the Ancient Near EastMem. Vol. in Memory of Jacob Joel Finkel-

steinFish Catalogue T. Fish, Catalogue of Sumerian

Tablets in the John RylandsLibrary

Fish Letters T. Fish, Letters of the First Baby-lonian Dynasty in the JohnRylands Library, Manchester

FLP tablets in the collections of theFree Library of Philadelphia

Frankel S. Frankel, Die aramaischenFremdw. Fremdworter im Arabischen

Frankena R. Frankena, Takultu, De sacraleTakultu Maaltijd in het assyrische Ritueel

Freydank H. Freydank, SpatbabylonischeWirtschafts- Wirtschaftstexte aus Uruktexte

FriedrichFestschrift

FriedrichGesetze

FriedrichHeth. Wb.

FriedrichStaatsver-trage

FuBGadd EarlyDynasties

Gadd Ideas

GaddTeachers

GandertFestschrift

Garelli Gilg.

Garelli LesAssyriens

Gaster AV

GautierDilbat

GCCI

Gelb OAIC

R. von Kienle, ed., FestschriftJohannes Friedrich ...

J. Friedrich, Die hethitischen Ge-setze (= Documenta et monu-menta orientis antiqui 7)

J. Friedrich, Hethitisches Worter-buch ...

J. Friedrich, Staatsvertrage desHatti-Reiches in hethitischerSprache (= MVAG 34/1)

Forschungen und BerichteC. J. Gadd, The Early Dynasties of

Sumer and AkkadC. J. Gadd, Ideas of Divine Rule

in the Ancient EastC. J. Gadd, Teachers and Students

in the Oldest SchoolsA. von Muller, ed., Gandert Fest-

schrift (= Berliner Beitrage zurVor- und Frihgeschichte 2)

P. Garelli, Gilgame et sa legende.Etudes recueillies par PaulGarelli A l'occasion de la VIPRencontre Assyriologique Inter-nationale (Paris, 1958)

P. Garelli, Les Assyriens en Cap-padoce

Occident and Orient (Studies inHonour of M. Gaster)

J. E. Gautier, Archives d'unefamille de Dilbat ...

R. P. Dougherty, Goucher CollegeCuneiform Inscriptions

I. J. Gelb, Old Akkadian Inscrip-tions in Chicago Natural HistoryMuseum

xi

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsGenouillac H. de Genouillac, Premieres re-

Kich cherches archeologiques a KichGenouillac H. de Genouillac, La trouvaille deTrouvaille Dr6hem

Gesenius 17 W. Gesenius, Hebraisches undaramaisches Handworterbuch,17th ed.

GGA Gottingische Gelehrte AnzeigenGibson-Biggs M. Gibson and R. D. Biggs, eds.,

Seals Seals and Sealing in the AncientNear East

Gilg. Gilgame§ epic, cited from ThompsonGilg. (M. = Meissner Fragment,OB Version of Tablet X, P. =Pennsylvania Tablet, OB Versionof Tablet II, Y. = Yale Tablet,OB Version of Tablet III)

Gilg. O. I. OB Gilg. fragment from Ishchalipub. by T. Bauer, JNES 16254 ff.

Goetze A. Goetze, HattuAilis. Der BerichtHattuAili fiber seine Thronbesteigung nebst

den Paralleltexten (= MVAG 29/3)Goetze A. Goetze, Kizzuwatna and theKizzuwatna Problem of Hittite Geography

(= YOR 22)Goetze LE A. Goetze, The Laws of Eshnunna

(= AASOR 31)Goetze Neue A. Goetze, Neue Bruchstiicke

Bruchstiicke zum groBen Text des HattuAili§und den Paralleltexten (=MVAG 34/2)

Goldziher Gedachtnisschrift Goldziher IMemorialVolume

Golenischeff V. S. Golenischeff, Vingt-quatretablettes cappadociennes ...

Gordon AV Orient and Occident: Essays Pre-sented to Cyrus H. Gordon...(= AOAT 22)

Gordon C. H. Gordon, Ugaritic HandbookHand- (= AnOr 25)book

Gordon SmithCollege

GordonSumerianProverbs

Gossmann EraGrant Bus.

Doc.Grant Smith

CollegeGray Sama

Grayson ARI

GraysonBHLT

C. H. Gordon, Smith CollegeTablets ... (= Smith CollegeStudies in History, Vol. 38)

E. I. Gordon, Sumerian Proverbs

F. Gossmann, Das Era-EposE. Grant, Babylonian Business

Documents of the Classical PeriodE. Grant, Cuneiform Documents inthe Smith College Library

C. D. Gray, The Sama ReligiousTexts ...

A. K. Grayson, Assyrian RoyalInscriptions

A. K. Grayson, Babylonian Histor-ical-Literary Texts (= TSTS 3)

GraysonChronicles

Guest Noteson Plants

A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Baby-lonian Chronicles (= TCS 5)

E. Guest, Notes on Plants andPlant Products with their Collo-quial Names in 'Iraq

Guest E. Guest, Notes on Trees andNotes Shrubs for Lower Iraqon Trees

Giterbock H. G. Giiterbock, Siegel aus Bo-Siegel gazkoy (= AfO Beiheft 5 and 7)

Hallo Royal W. W. Hallo, Early MesopotamianTitles Royal Titles (= AOS 43)

Hartmann H. Hartmann, Die Musik der su-Musik merischen Kultur

Haupt P. Haupt, Das babylonische Nim-Nimrodepos rodepos

Haverford E. Grant, ed., The HaverfordSymposium Symposium on Archaeology and

the BibleHecker K. Hecker, Die Keilschrifttexte der

Giessen Universitatsbibliothek GiessenHecker K. Hecker, Grammatik der Kiil-Grammatik tepe-Texte (= AnOr 44)

Heimpel W. Heimpel, Tierbilder in derTierbilder sumerischen Literatur (= Studia

Pohl 2)Herzfeld API E. Herzfeld, Altpersische In-

schriftenHewett An- D. D. Brand and F. E. Harvey,niversary eds., So Live the Works of Men:Vol. Seventieth Anniversary Volume

Honoring Edgar Lee HewettHg. lexical series HAR.gud = imru

= ballu, pub. MSL 5-11HG J. Kohler et al., Hammurabi's

GesetzHh. lexical series HAR.ra = hubullu (Hh.

I-IV pub. Landsberger, MSL 5;Hh. V-VII pub. Landsberger,MSL 6; Hh. VIII-XII pub. Lands-berger, MSL 7; Hh. XIII-XIV,XVIII pub. Landsberger, MSL 8;Hh. XV pub. Landsberger, MSL 9;Hh. XVI, XVII, XIX pub. Lands-berger-Reiner, MSL 10; Hh.XX-XXIV pub. Landsberger-Reiner, MSL 11)

Hilprecht AV Hilprecht Anniversary Volume.Studies in Assyriology and Ar-chaeology Dedicated to HermannV. Hilprecht

Hilprecht H. V. Hilprecht, The EarliestDeluge Story Version of the Babylonian Deluge

Story and the Temple Library ofNippur

Hinke Kudurru W. J. Hinke, Selected BabylonianKudurru Inscriptions, No. 5,pp. 21-27

Hinz AFF W. Hinz, Altiranische Funde undForschungen

xii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsHirschUnter-suchungen

HoffnerAlimenta

HolmaKl. Beitr.

HolmaKorperteile

Holma OmenTexts

HolmaQuttulu

HolmaWeitereBeitr.

HroznyCodeHittite

HroznyGetreide

HroznyKultepe

HroznyTa'annek

HS

HSM

HSSHUCAHungerKolophone

Hunger Uruk

HusseySumerianTablets

IB

IBoT

ICK

IduIEJIFIgituh

ILNIM

Imgidda toErimhul

H. Hirsch, Untersuchungen zur alt-assyrischen Religion (= AfO Bei-heft 13/14)

H. A. Hoffner, Alimenta Hethae-orum (= AOS 55)

H. Holma, Kleine Beitrage zumassyrischen Lexikon (= AASFB 7/2)

H. Holma, Die Namen der Kor-perteile im Assyrisch-babylo-nischen (= AASF B 7)

H. Holma, Omen Texts from Baby-lonian Tablets in the BritishMuseum ...

H. Holma, Die assyrisch-babylo-nischen Personennamen der FormQuttulu (= AASF B 13/2)

H. Holma, Weitere Beitrage zumassyrischen Lexikon (= AASF B15/1)

F. Hrozny, Code hittite provenantde l'Asie Mineure

F. Hrozny, Das Getreide im altenBabylonien... (= SAWW 173/1)

F. Hrozny, Inscriptions cuneiformesdu Kultepe (= ICK 1) (= Monogr.ArOr 14)

F. Hrozny, Die Keilschrifttexte vonTa'annek, in Sellin Ta'annek

tablets in the Hilprecht collection,Jena

tablets in the collections of theHarvard Semitic Museum

Harvard Semitic SeriesHebrew Union College AnnualH. Hunger, Babylonische und as-syrische Kolophone (= AOAT 2)

H. Hunger, Spatbabylonische Tex-te aus Uruk

M. I. Hussey, Sumerian Tablets inthe Harvard Semitic Museum(= HSS 3 and 4)

tablets in the collections of thePontificio Istituto Biblico, Rome

Istanbul Arkeoloji Miizelerinde Bu-lunan Bogazkoy Tabletleri

Inscriptions cuneiformes du Kul-tepe

lexical series A = iduIsrael Exploration JournalIndogermanische Forschungenlexical series igituh = tdmartu.

Igituh short version pub. Lands-berger-Gurney, AfO 18 81 ff.

Illustrated London Newstablets in the collections of the Iraq

Museum, Baghdadsee ErimhuS

Istanbul tablets in the collections of the Ar-chaeological Museum of Istanbul

ITT Inventaire des tablettes de TelloIzbu Comm. commentary to the series Summa

izbu, cited from MS. of B. Lands-berger, pub. Leichty Izbu pp.211-233

Izi lexical series izi = ilatu, pub.Civil, MSL 13 154-226

Izi Bogh. Boghazkeui version of Izi, pub.Civil, MSL 13 132-147

JA Journal asiatiqueJacobsen T. Jacobsen, Cuneiform Texts in the

Copenhagen National Museum, CopenhagenJankowska N. B. Jankowska, Klinopisnye

KTK teksty iz Kjul'-Tepe v sobrani-iakh SSSR

JAOS Journal of the American OrientalSociety

Jastrow Dict. M. Jastrow, A Dictionary of theTargumim . ..

JBL Journal of Biblical LiteratureJCS Journal of Cuneiform StudiesJEA Journal of Egyptian ArchaeologyJEN Joint Expedition with the Iraq

Museum at NuziJENu Joint Expedition with the Iraq

Museum at Nuzi, unpub.JEOL Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-

Egyptisch Genootschap "ExOriente Lux"

JESHO Journal of the Economic andSocial History of the Orient

Jestin NTS§ R. Jestin, Nouvelles tablettessumeriennes de Suruppak

Jestin R. Jestin, Tablettes sumeriennes deSuruppak Suruppak...

JJP Journal of Juristic PapyrologyJKF Jahrbuch fiir kleinasiatische For-

schungJNES Journal of Near Eastern StudiesJohns Dooms- C. H. W. Johns, An Assyrian

day Book Doomsday BookJones-Snyder T. B. Jones and J. Snyder, Sume-

rian Economic Texts from theThird Ur Dynasty

JPOS Journal of the Palestine OrientalSociety

JQR Jewish Quarterly ReviewJRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic So-

cietyJSOR Journal of the Society of Oriental

ResearchJSS Journal of Semitic StudiesJTVI Journal of the Transactions of the

Victoria InstituteK. tablets in the Kouyunjik collection

of the British MuseumKagal lexical series kagal = abullu, pub.

Civil, MSL 13 227-261

xiii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

KAH Keilschrifttexte aus Assur histori-schen Inhalts

KAJ Keilschrifttexte aus Assur juristi-schen Inhalts

Kang SACT S. Kang, Sumerian and AkkadianCuneiform Texts in the Collectionof the World History Museum ofthe University of Illinois

KAR Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religi-osen Inhalts

KAV Keilschrifttexte aus Assur ver-schiedenen Inhalts

KB Keilinschriftliche BibliothekKBo Keilschrifttexte aus BoghazkoiKent Old R. G. Kent, Old Persian .. .Persian (= AOS 33)

Ker Porter R. Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia,Travels Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylo-

nia, etc....Kh. tablets from Khafadje in the col-

lections of the Oriental Institute,University of Chicago

Kienast B. Kienast, Die altassyrischenATHE Texte des Orientalischen Semi-

nars der Universitat Heidelbergund der Sammlung Erlenmeyer

Kienast B. Kienast, Die altbabylonischenKisurra Briefe und Urkunden aus Kisurra

King Chron. L. W. King, Chronicles ConcerningEarly Babylonian Kings ...

King Early L. W. King, A History of SumerHistory and Akkad: An Account of the

Early Races of Babylonia .. .King History L. W. King, A History of BabylonKing Hittite L. W. King, Hittite Texts in the

Texts Cuneiform Character in the BritishMuseum

Kinnier Wilson J. V. Kinnier Wilson, The NimrudWine Lists Wine Lists (= CTN 1)

Kish tablets excavated at Kish, in thecollections of the AshmoleanMuseum, Oxford

Klauber E. Klauber, Assyrisches Beamten-Beamtentum tum nach Briefen aus der Sar-

gonidenzeit (= LSS 5/3)KIF Kleinasiatische ForschungenKnudtzon J. A. Knudtzon, Assyrische GebeteGebete an den Sonnengott . .

Kocher BAM F. Kocher, Die babylonisch-assy-rische Medizin in Texten undUntersuchungen

Kocher F. Kocher, Keilschrifttexte zurPflanzen- assyrisch-babylonischen Drogen-kunde und Pflanzenkunde (= VIO 28)

Kohler u. J. Kohler and F. E. Peiser, Aus demPeiser babylonischen RechtslebenRechtsleben

Konst. tablets excavated at Assur, in thecollections of the ArchaeologicalMuseum of Istanbul

KoschakerBiirgschafts-recht

P. Koschaker, Babylonisch-assy-risches Biirgschaftsrecht

Koschaker P. Koschaker, Uber einige griechi-Griech. sche Rechtsurkunden aus den ost-Rechtsurk. lichen Randgebieten des Hellenis-

mus (= ASAW 42/1)Koschaker P. Koschaker, Neue keilschriftliche

NRUA Rechtsurkunden aus der El-Amarna-Zeit (= ASAW 39/5)

Kramer AV Kramer Anniversary Volume (=AOAT 25)

Kramer S. N. Kramer, Lamentation overLamentation the Destruction of Ur (= AS 12)

Kramer S. N. Kramer, Sumerian LiterarySLTN Texts from Nippur (= AASOR 23)

Kramer Two S. N. Kramer, Two Elegies on aElegies Pushkin Museum Tablet

Kraus AbB 1 F. R. Kraus, Briefe aus dem BritishMuseum

Kraus Edikt F. R. Kraus, Ein Edikt des KonigsAmmi-Saduqa von Babylon (=Studia et documenta ad iuraorientis antiqui pertinentia 5)

Kraus Texte F. R. Kraus, Texte zur babyloni-schen Physiognomatik (= AfOBeiheft 3)

Kraus Vieh- F. R. Kraus, Staatliche Viehhal-haltung tung im altbabylonischen Lande

LarsaKrecher J. Krecher, Sumerische Kultlyrik

KultlyrikKT Blanckertz

KT Hahn

KTS

KUBKiichler Beitr.

KiltepeKimmel

FamilieKupper Les

Nomades

LabatL'Akkadien

LabatCalendrier

Labat Suse

Labat TDP

Laessoe BitRimki

Lajard Cultede V6nus

J. Lewy, Die Kiiltepetexte derSammlung Blanckertz .. .

J. Lewy, Die Kiiltepetexte aus derSammlung... Hahn...

J. Lewy, Die altassyrischen Textevom Kultepe bei Kaisarije

Keilschrifturkunden aus BoghazkoiF. Kiichler, Beitrage zur Kenntnisder assyrisch-babylonischen Me-dizin ...

unpublished tablets from KiiltepeH. M. Kimmel, Familie, Beruf und

Amt im spatbabylonischen UrukJ.-R. Kupper, Les nomades en

M6sopotamie au temps des rois deMari

R. Labat, L'Akkadien de Boghaz-Koi

R. Labat, Un calendrier babyloniendes travaux, des signes et des mois

R. Labat, Textes litteraires deSuse (= MDP 57)

R. Labat, Traite akkadien de dia-gnostics et pronostics m6dicaux

J. Laessoe, Studies on the AssyrianRitual bit rimki

J. B. F. Lajard, Recherches sur leculte ... de V6nus

xiv

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsLambert BWL W. G. Lambert, Babylonian Wis-

dom LiteratureLambert Love W. G. Lambert, The Problem ofLyrics the Love Lyrics, in Goedicke and

Roberts, eds., Unity and DiversityLambert W. G. Lambert, Marduk's AddressMarduk's to the Demons (= AfO 17 310ff.)Address to theDemons

Lambert- W. G. Lambert and A. R. Millard,Millard Atra-hasis: The Babylonian StoryAtra-hasis of the Flood

Landsberger B. Landsberger, Brief des BischofsBrief von Esagila an Konig Asarhad-

donLandsberger B. Landsberger, The Date PalmDate Palm and Its By-Products According to

the Cuneiform Sources (= AfOBeiheft 17)

Landsberger B. Landsberger, Die Fauna desFauna alten Mesopotamien ... (

ASAW 42/6)Landsberger- B. Landsberger and T. Jacobsen,Jacobsen Georgica (in MS.)Georgica

Landsberger B. Landsberger, Der kultischeKult. Kalender der Babylonier undKalender Assyrer (= LSS 6/1-2)

Lang. LanguageLangdon S. Langdon, Babylonian Liturgies

BLLangdon S. Langdon, The Babylonian EpicCreation of Creation

Langdon S. Langdon, Babylonian Menolo-Menologies gies...

Langdon SBP S. Langdon, Sumerian and Babylo-nian Psalms

Langdon S. Langdon, Tammuz and IshtarTammuz

Lanu lexical series alam = lanuLautner J. G. Lautner, AltbabylonischePersonen- Personenmiete und Erntearbeiter-miete vertrage (= Studia et documenta

ad iura orientis antiqui pertinen-tia 1)

Layard A. H. Layard, Inscriptions in theCuneiform Character ...

Layard A. H. Layard, Discoveries amongDiscoveries the Ruins of Nineveh and Baby-

lonLB tablet numbers in the de Liagre

Bohl CollectionLBAT Late Babylonian Astronomical and

Related Texts, copied by T. G.Pinches and J. N. Strassmaier,prepared for publication by A. J.Sachs, with the cooperation of J.Schaumberger

Leander P. A. Leander, Uber die sumeri-schen Lehnworter im Assyrischen

Le Gac Asn.

Legrain Catal.Cugnin

LegrainTRU

Y. Le Gac, Les Inscriptions d'As-sur-nadir-aplu III

L. Legrain, Catalogue des cylindresorientaux de la collection LouisCugnin

L. Legrain, Le temps des rois d'Ur

Lehmann- F. F. C. Lehmann-Haupt, ed.,Haupt CIC Corpus inscriptionum chaldica-

rumLeichty Izbu E. Leichty, The Omen Series sum-

ma Izbu (= TCS 4)Lenormant F. Lenormant, Choix de textes

Choix cuneiformes in6dits ou incom-pletement publi6s jusqu'a ce jour

Levine Stelae L. D. Levine, Two Neo-AssyrianStelae from Iran

Lidzbarski M. Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nord-Handbuch semitischen Epigraphik

Lie Sar. A. G. Lie, The Inscriptions ofSargon II

LIH L. W. King, The Letters and In-scriptions of Hammurabi

Limet H. Limet, L'anthroponymie su-Anthropo- merienne dans les documentsnymie de la 3e dynastie d'Ur

Limet H. Limet, Etude de documents deDocuments la p6riode d'Agad6 appartenant

Sl'Universite de LiegeLimet M6tal H. Limet, Le travail du metal au

pays de Sumer au temps de laIIIe dynastie d'Ur

Limet Sceaux H. Limet, Les 16gendes des sceauxCassites cassites

Limet Textes H. Limet, Textes sum6riens de laSum6riens IIIe dynastie d'Ur (= Documents

du Proche-Orient Ancien desMusees Royaux d'Art et d'His-toire, Epigraphie 1)

LKA E. Ebeling, Literarische Keil-schrifttexte aus Assur

LKU A. Falkenstein, Literarische Keil-schrifttexte aus Uruk

Loretz Chagar O. Loretz, Texte aus Chagar BazarBazar und Tell Brak (= AOAT 3)

Loretz-Mayer O. Loretz and W. R. Mayer, gu-ilagu-ila Gebete (= AOAT 34)

Low Flora I. Low, Die Flora der JudenLSS Leipziger semitistische StudienLTBA Die lexikalischen Tafelserien der

Babylonier und Assyrer in denBerliner Museen

Lu lexical series lii = 9a, pub. Civil,MSL 12 87-147

Lugale epic Lugale u melambi nergal,cited from MS. of A. Falkenstein

Lyon Sar. D. G. Lyon, Keilschrifttexte Sar-gon's . ..

MAD Materials for the Assyrian Dic-tionary

XV

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsMAH tablets in the collection of the

Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, GenevaMalku synonym list malku = garru (Malku I

pub. A. D. Kilmer, JAOS 83 421ff.;Malku II pub. W. von Soden, ZA43 235 ff.)

MAOG Mitteilungen der AltorientalischenGesellschaft

Maqlu G. Meier, Maqlu (= AfO Beiheft 2)Matoui L. Matoug, Inscriptions cuneifor-

Kultepe mes du Kultepe, Vol. 2 (= ICK 2)Mayer Gebets- W. R. Mayer, Untersuchungen zur

beschworun- Formensprache der babylonischengen ,Gebetsbeschworungen" (= Stu-

dia Pohl: Series Maior 5)MCS Manchester Cuneiform StudiesMCT O. Neugebauer and A. Sachs,

Mathematical Cuneiform Texts (=AOS 29)

MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft

MDP Memoires de la D6legation en PerseMeissner BAP B. Meissner, Beitrage zum alt-

babylonischen PrivatrechtMeissner BAW B. Meissner, Beitrage zum assyri-

schen Wiirterbuch (= AS 1 and 4)Meissner BuA B. Meissner, Babylonien und As-

syrienMeissner Supp. B. Meissner, Supplement zu den

assyrischen WorterbiichernMeissner-Rost B. Meissner and P. Rost, Die Bau-

Senn. inschriften SanheribsMel. Dussaud Melanges syriens offerts & M. Ren6

DussaudMeloni Saggi Gerardo Meloni, Saggi di filologia

semiticaMendelsohn I. Mendelsohn, Slavery in the An-

Slavery cient Near EastMEOL Mededelingen en Verhandelingen

van het Vooraziatisch-EgyptischGenootschap "Ex Oriente Lux"

Met. Museum tablets in the collections of theMetropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y.

MIO Mitteilungen des Instituts fiirOrientforschung

MJ Museum JournalMKT O. Neugebauer, Mathematische

KeilschrifttexteMLC tablets in the collections of the

J. Pierpont Morgan LibraryMM tablets in the collections of the

Monserrat MuseumMoldenke A. B. Moldenke, Babylonian Con-

tract Tablets in the MetropolitanMuseum of Art

Moore E. W. Moore, Neo-BabylonianMichigan Documents in the University ofColl. Michigan Collection

Moran Temple W. L. Moran, Sumero-AkkadianLists Temple Lists (in MS.)

MRSMSL

MSP

Mullo WeirLexicon

MVAG

MVN

N

Nabnitu

NBC

NBGT

Nbk.

Nbn.

ND

NeugebauerACT

Ni

Nies UDTNigga

Nikolski

NotscherEllil

NPN

NT

OberhuberFlorenz

OberhuberIKT

OBGT

OB Lu

OBT TellRimah

OECTOIC

Mission de Ras ShamraMaterialien zum sumerischen Lexi-

kon; Materials for the SumerianLexicon

J. J. M. de Morgan, Missionscientifique en Perse

C. J. Mullo Weir, A Lexicon ofAccadian Prayers ...

Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatisch-Aegyptischen Gesellschaft

Materiali per il vocabolario neo-sumerico

tablets in the collections of theUniversity Museum of the Univer-sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

lexical series SIG7+ALAM = nabnitu,pub. MSL 16

tablets in the Babylonian Collec-tion, Yale University Library

Neobabylonian Grammatical Texts,pub. MSL 4 129-178

J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften vonNabuchodonosor

J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften vonNabonidus

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Nimrud (Kalhu)

O. Neugebauer, Astronomical Cu-neiform Texts

tablets excavated at Nippur, in thecollections of the ArchaeologicalMuseum of Istanbul

J. B. Nies, Ur Dynasty Tabletslexical series nigga = makkuru,pub. Civil, MSL 13 91-124

M. V. Nikolski, Dokumenty kho-ziaistvennoi otchetnosti ...

F. Notscher, Ellil in Sumer undAkkad

I. J. Gelb, P. M. Purves, and A. A.MacRae, Nuzi Personal Names(= OIP 57)

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Nippur by the Oriental Insti-tute and other institutions

K. Oberhuber, Sumerische undakkadische Keilschriftdenkmalerdes Archaologischen Museumszu Florenz

K. Oberhuber, Innsbrucker Keil-schrifttexte

Old Babylonian Grammatical Texts,pub. MSL 4 47-128

Old Babylonian version of Lu, pub.MSL 12 151-219

S. Dalley, C. B. F. Walker, J. D.Hawkins, Old Babylonian Textsfrom Tell Rimah

Oxford Editions of Cuneiform TextsOriental Institute Communications

xvi

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsOIP Oriental Institute PublicationsOLZ Orientalistische LiteraturzeitungOppenheim L. F. Hartman and A. L. Oppen-

Beer heim, On Beer and Brewing Tech-niques in Ancient Mesopotamia... (= JAOS Supp. 10)

Oppenheim A. L. Oppenheim, Glass and Glass-Glass making in Ancient Mesopotamia

Oppenheim L. Oppenheim, UntersuchungenMietrecht zum babylonischen Mietrecht

(= WZKM Beiheft 2)Oppert-M6nant J. Oppert et J. M6nant, Documents

Doc. jur. juridiques de l'AssyrieOr. OrientaliaOriental Law Essays on Oriental Laws of Suc-

of Succession cession (= Studia et documenta adiura orientis antiqui pertinentia 9)

OT Old TestamentOtten AV Festschrift Heinrich OttenOwen Lewis D. Owen, The John Frederick

Coll. Lewis Collection (= MVN 3)Pallis Akitu S. A. Pallis, The Babylonian Akitu

FestivalPAPS Proceedings of the American Philo-

sophical SocietyParpola LAS S. Parpola, Letters of Assyrian

Scholars (= AOAT 5)Parrot A. Parrot, Documents et Monu-

Documents ments (= Mission archeologiquede Mari II, Le palais, tome 3)

PBS Publications of the BabylonianSection, University Museum, Uni-versity of Pennsylvania

PEF Quarterly Statement of the Pal-estine Exploration Fund

Peiser F. E. Peiser, Urkunden aus derUrkunden Zeit der 3. babylonischen Dyna-

stiePeiser F. E. Peiser, Babylonische Ver-Vertrage trage des Berliner Museums ...

PEQ Palestine Exploration QuarterlyPerry Sin E. G. Perry, Hymnen und Gebete

an Sin (= LSS 2/4)Petschow MB H. Petschow, Mittelbabylonische

Rechts- Rechts- und Wirtschaftsurkundenurkunden der Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena ...

Petschow H. Petschow, NeubabylonischesPfandrecht Pfandrecht (= ASAW Phil.-Hist.

Kl. 48/1)Pettinato Un- G. Pettinato, Untersuchungen zurtersuchungen neusumerischen Landwirtschaft

Photo. Ass. field photographs of tablets ex-cavated at Assur

Photo. Konst. field photographs of tablets ex-cavated at Assur

Piepkorn Asb. A. C. Piepkorn, Historical PrismInscriptions of Ashurbanipal (=AS 5)

Pinches T. G. Pinches, The AmherstAmherst Tablets ...

Pinches T. G. Pinches, The BabylonianBerens Coll. Tablets of the Berens Collection

Pinches Peek T. G. Pinches, Inscribed BabylonianTablets in the possession of SirHenry Peek

Postgate NA J. N. Postgate, Fifty Neo-AssyrianLeg. Docs. Legal Documents

Postgate J. N. Postgate, The Governor'sPalace Palace Archive (= CTN 2)Archive

Postgate J. N. Postgate, Neo-Assyrian RoyalRoyal Grants Grants and Decrees (= Studia

Pohl: Series Maior 1)Postgate J. N. Postgate, Taxation andTaxation Conscription in the Assyrian Em-

pire (= Studia Pohl: SeriesMaior 3)

Practical lexical text, pub. B. LandsbergerVocabulary and 0. Gurney, AfO 18 328ff.Assur

Pritchard J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient NearANET Eastern Texts Relating to the

Old Testament, 2nd and 3rd ed.Proto-Diri see DiriProto-Ea see Ea; pub. MSL 2 35-94 and MSL

14 87-144Proto-Izi lexical series, pub. Civil, MSL 13

7-59Proto-Kagal lexical series, pub. Civil, MSL 13

63-88Proto-Lu lexical series, pub. MSL 12 25-84PRSM Proceedings of the Royal Society

of MedicinePRT E. Klauber, Politisch-religiose

Texte aus der SargonidenzeitPSBA Proceedings of the Society of

Biblical ArchaeologyR H. C. Rawlinson, The Cuneiform

Inscriptions of Western AsiaRA Revue d'assyriologie et d'archeolo-

gie orientaleRAcc. F. Thureau-Dangin, Rituels ac-

cadiensRainey EA A. Rainey, El Amarna Tablets 359-

379 (= AOAT 8)Ranke PN H. Ranke, Early Babylonian Per-

sonal NamesRB Revue bibliqueREC F. Thureau-Dangin, Recherches sur

l'origine de l'6criture cun6iformeRecip. Ea lexical series "Reciprocal Ea,"

pub. MSL 14 521-532REg Revue d'6gyptologieReiner Liphur E. Reiner, LipSur-Litanies (JNES

Litanies 15 129 ff.)Reisner G. A. Reisner, Tempelurkunden

Telloh aus TellohRencontre Compte rendu de la seconde

Assyriolo- (troisibme) Rencontre Assyriolo-gique gique Internationale

xvii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsR6p. g6ogr.

R1SReschidArchiv desNuirama§

RHARHRRIDA

Ries Boden-pacht-formulare

Riftin

RLARLVRm.

ROM

RomerFrauenbriefe

RomerKonigs-hymnen

RostTigl. III

RS

RSORT

RTC

Sa

Sa Voc.

Sag Bil.SAI

SAKI

SalonenAgricultura

Salonen Fest-schrift

SalonenFischerei

SalonenFuB-bekleidung

E. SalonenGruBformeln

Repertoire g6ographique des tex-tes cuneiformes

Revue des etudes semitiquesF. Reschid, Archiv des Nurgama§

und andere Darlehensurkundenaus der altbabylonischen Zeit

Revue hittite et asianiqueRevue de l'histoire des religionsRevue internationale du droit del'antiquite

G. Ries, Die neubabylonischenBodenpachtformulare

A. P. Riftin, Staro-Vavilonskieiuridicheskie i administrativnyedokumenty v sobraniiakh SSSR

Reallexikon der AssyriologieReallexikon der Vorgeschichtetablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

tablets in the collections of theRoyal Ontario Museum, Toronto

W. H. Ph. Romer, Frauenbriefeiiber Religion, Politik und Pri-vatleben in Mari (= AOAT 12)

W. H. Ph. Romer, Sumerische'Konigshymnen' der Isin-Zeit

P. Rost, Die Keilschrifttexte Tig-lat-Pilesers III ...

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Ras Shamra

Rivista degli studi orientaliRecueil de travaux relatifs A la

philologie et a l'arch6ologie 6gyp-tiennes et assyriennes

F. Thureau-Dangin, Recueil detablettes chaldeennes

lexical series Syllabary A, pub.MSL 3 3-45

lexical series Syllabary A Vocabu-lary, pub. MSL 3 51-87

lexical seriesB. Meissner, Seltene assyrische

IdeogrammeF. Thureau-Dangin, Die sumeri-

schen und akkadischen Konigs-inschriften (= VAB 1)

A. Salonen, Agricultura mesopo-tamica (= AASF 149)

Studia Orientalia Armas I. Salonen(= StOr 46)

A. Salonen, Die Fischerei im altenMesopotamien (= AASF 166)

A. Salonen, Die FuBbekleidung deralten Mesopotamier (= AASF157)

E. Salonen, Die GruB- und Hof-lichkeitsformeln in babylonisch-assyrischen Briefen (= StOr 38)

SalonenHausgerate

SalonenHippologica

SalonenLandfahr-zeuge

SalonenMobel

Salonen Tiiren

E. SalonenWaffen

SalonenWasser-fahrzeuge

San NicolbProsopo-graphie

San Nicolb-Ungnad NRV

SaporettiOnomastica

SAWW

S b

SBAW

SBH

Scheil Sippar

Scheil Tn. II

SchneiderGotter-namen

SchneiderZeitbestim-mungen

Schollmeyer

SchrammEinleitung

SellinTa'annek

SEM

Sem.SeuxEpithbtes

ShafferSumerianSources

A. Salonen, Die Hausgerate deralten Mesopotamier (= AASF 139and 144)

A. Salonen, Hippologica Accadica(= AASF 100)

A. Salonen, Die Landfahrzeuge desalten Mesopotamien (= AASF 72)

A. Salonen, Die Mobel des altenMesopotamien (= AASF 127)

A. Salonen, Die Tiiren des altenMesopotamien (= AASF 124)

E. Salonen, Die Waffen der altenMesopotamier (= StOr 33)

A. Salonen, Die Wasserfahrzeugein Babylonien (= StOr 8)

M. San Nicolo, Beitrage zu einerProsopographie neubabylonischerBeamten der Zivil- und Tempel-verwaltung (= SBAW 1941 2/2)

M. San Nicolo and A. Ungnad,Neubabylonische Rechts- undVerwaltungsurkunden

C. Saporetti, Onomastica Medio-Assira (= Studia Pohl 6)

Sitzungsberichte der Akademie derWissenschaften, Wien

lexical series Syllabary B, pub.MSL 3 96-128 and 132-153

Sitzungsberichte der BayerischenAkademie der Wissenschaften

G. A. Reisner, Sumerisch-babylo-nische Hymnen nach Thontafelngriechischer Zeit

V. Scheil, Une saison de fouilles aSippar

V. Scheil, Annales de TukultiNinip II, roi d'Assyrie 889-884

N. Schneider, Die Gotternamenvon Ur III (= AnOr 19)

N. Schneider, Die Zeitbestimmun-gen der Wirtschaftsurkunden vonUr III (= AnOr 13)

A. Schollmeyer, Sumerisch-babylo-nische Hymnen und Gebete angama§

W. Schramm, Einleitung in dieassyrischen Konigsinschriften

E. Sellin, Tell Ta'annek...

E. Chiera, Sumerian Epics andMyths (= OIP 15)

SemiticaM.-J. Seux, Epithetes royales akka-diennes et sum6riennes

A. Shaffer, Sumerian Sources ofTablet XII of the Epic of Gil-games (unpub. dissertation)

xviii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsSHAW

ShileikoDokumenty

Si

Silben-vokabular

SjobergMondgott

SjobergTempleHymns

9LSLB

SLT

Sm.

S. A. SmithMisc. Assyr.Texts

Smith College

Smith IdrimiSmith Senn.

SMN

SOAW

von SodenGAG

von SodenSyllabar

Sollberger andKupper In-scriptionsRoyales

SollbergerCorpus

SollbergerCorrespond-ence

SommerAhhijava

Sommer-FalkensteinBil.

Sp.

SPAW

Sitzungsberichte der HeidelbergerAkademie der Wissenschaften

V. K. Shileiko, Dokumenty izGiul-tepe

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Sippar

lexical series

A. Sjoberg, Der Mondgott Nanna-Suen in der sumerischen Uber-lieferung, I. Teil: Texte

A. W. Sjoberg and E. Bergmann,The Collection of the SumerianTemple Hymns (= TCS 3)

A. Deimel, Sumerisches LexikonStudia ad tabulas cuneiformes col-lectas a F. M. Th. de Liagre Bohlpertinentia

E. Chiera, Sumerian Lexical Texts(= OIP 11)

tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

S. A. Smith, Miscellaneous As-syrian Texts of the BritishMuseum

tablets in the collection of SmithCollege

S. Smith, The Statue of Idri-miS. Smith, The First Campaign of

Sennacherib ...tablets excavated at Nuzi, in the

Semitic Museum, Harvard Uni-versity, Cambridge

Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichi-schen Akademie der Wissen-schaften

W. von Soden, GrundriB der akka-dischen Grammatik (= AnOr 33)

W. von Soden, Das akkadischeSyllabar (= AnOr 27; 2nd ed. =AnOr 42)

E. Sollberger and J.-R. Kupper,Inscriptions royales sum6rienneset akkadiennes

E. Sollberger, Corpus des inscrip-tions "royales" presargoniques deLaga

E. Sollberger, Business and Ad-ministrative Correspondenceunder the Kings of Ur (= TCS 1)

F. Sommer, Die Ahhijava-Urkunden

F. Sommer and A. Falkenstein, Diehethitisch-akkadische Bilinguedes HattuSili I

tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

Sitzungsberichte der PreuBischenAkademie der Wissenschaften

Speleers L. Speleers, Recueil des inscrip-Recueil tions de l'Asie anterieure des

Musees Royaux du Cinquante-naire Bruxelles

SRT E. Chiera, Sumerian Religious TextsSSB F. X. Kugler, Sternkunde und

Sterndienst in BabelSSB Erg. J. Schaumberger, Sternkunde und

Sterndienst in Babel, Erganzun-gen ...

Stamm J. J. Stamm, Die akkadischeNamengebung Namengebung (= MVAG 44)

Starr Nuzi R. F. S. Starr, Nuzi: Report on theExcavations at Yorgan Tepa nearKirkuk, Iraq

StBoT Studien zu den Bogazkoy-TextenSTC L. W. King, The Seven Tablets

of CreationStephens PNC F. J. Stephens, Personal Names

from Cuneiform Inscriptions ofCappadocia

Stol On Trees M. Stol, On Trees, Mountains, andMillstones in the Ancient NearEast (= MEOL 21)

StOr Studia Orientalia (Helsinki)Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Alphabetisches

AV Verzeichnis der assyrischen undakkadischen Worter...

Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Die babyloni-Liverpool schen Inschriften im Museum zu

Liverpool, Actes du 6 e CongresInternational des Orientalistes,II, Section S6mitique (1) (1885),plates after p. 624

Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Texte altbabylo-Warka nischer Vertrage aus Warka, Ver-

handlungen des Fiinften Interna-tionalen Orientalisten-Congresses(1881), Beilage

Streck Asb. M. Streck, Assurbanipal ... (=VAB 7)

STT 0. R. Gurney, J. J. Finkelstein, andP. Hulin, The Sultantepe Tablets

Studi Rinaldi Studi sull'Oriente e la Bibbiaofferti al P. Giovanni Rinaldi ...

Studia (= Documenta et monumentaMariana orientis antiqui 4)

Studia Orien- Studia orientalia loanni Pedersentalia Pedersen dicata

Studien Heidelberger Studien zum AltenFalkenstein Orient, Adam Falkenstein zum

17. September 1966Studies H. Goedicke, ed., Near EasternAlbright Studies in Honor of William

Foxwell AlbrightStudies Studies in Honor of Tom B. JonesJones (= AOAT 203)

Studies Studies in Honor of Benno Lands-Landsberger berger on his Seventy-fifth

Birthday (= AS 16)

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

Studies Studies Presented to A. LeoOppenheim Oppenheim

Studies Studies in Old Testament ProphecyRobinson Presented to T. H. Robinson

STVC E. Chiera, Sumerian Texts of\aried Contents (= OIP 16)

Sultantepe field numbers of tablets excavatedat Sultantepe

Sumerological Sumerological Studies in Honor ofStudies Thorkild Jacobsen (= AS 20)Jacobsen

Sumeroloji Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Arastirmalari Cografya Falkiiltesi Sumeroloji

arastirmalari, 1940-4 IBurpu E. Reiner, Surpu (= AfO Beiheft 11)Symb. Symbolae P. Koschaker dedicatae

Koschaker (= Studia et documenta ad iuraorientis antiqui pertinentia 2)

Symbolae Bohl Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotami-cae Francisco Mario Theodoro deLiagre Bohl Dedicatae

SZ Zeitschrift der Savigny-StiftungSzlechter E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiquesTablettes de la ire Dynastie de Babylone

Szlechter E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiquesTJA et administratives de la III

Dynastie d'Ur et de la Ire Dyna-stie de Babylone

T tablets in the collections of theStaatliche Museen, Berlin

Tablet Funck one of several tablets in privatepossession (mentioned as F. 1, 2,3, Delitzsch HWB xiii), cited fromunpublished copies of Delitzsch;F. 2 pub. AfO 21 pl. 9-10

Tallqvist APN K. Tallqvist, Assyrian PersonalNames (= ASSF 43/1)

Tallqvist K. Tallqvist, Akkadische Gotter-Gotter- epitheta (= StOr 7)epitheta

Tallqvist K. Tallqvist, Die assyrische Be-Maqlu schworungsserie Maqlf (= ASSF

20/6)Tallqvist NBN K. Tallqvist, Neubabylonisches

Namenbuch ... (= ASSF 32/2)TCL Textes cuneiformes du LouvreTCS Texts from Cuneiform SourcesTell Asmar tablets excavated at Tell Asmar, in

the collections of the OrientalInstitute, University of Chicago

Tell Halaf J. Friedrich et al., Die Inschriftenvom Tell Halaf (= AfO Beiheft 6)

Th. tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

Thompson AH R. C. Thompson, The AssyrianHerbal

Thompson R. C. Thompson, On the ChemistryChem. of the Ancient Assyrians

Thompson R. C. Thompson, A Dictionary ofDAB Assyrian Botany

ThompsonDAC

ThompsonEsarh.

ThompsonGilg.

ThompsonRep.

Thureau-DanginTil-Barsib

TIMTLB

TMB

Tn.-Epic

TorczynerTempel-rechnungen

TSBA

TSTSTuL

TuM

TurnerJubilee Vol.

UCP

UEUETUFUgumuUgumu Bil.UM

UMB

R. C. Thompson, A Dictionary ofAssyrian Chemistry and Geology

R. C. Thompson, The Prisms of Es-arhaddon and ofAshurbanipal ...

R. C. Thompson, The Epic ofGilgamish

R. C. Thompson, The Reports ofthe Magicians and Astrologers . .

F. Thureau-Dangin, M. Dunand etal., Til-Barsib

Texts in the Iraq MuseumTabulae Cuneiformes a F. M. Th.

de Liagre Bohl collectaeF. Thureau-Dangin, Textes math6-

matiques babyloniensTukulti-Ninurta Epic, pub. AAA

20, pls. 101ff., and Archaeologia 79pl. 49; transliteration in Ebeling,MAOG 12/2, column numbersaccording to W. G. Lambert, AfO18 38ff.

H. Torczyner, AltbabylonischeTempelrechnungen ...

Transactions of the Society ofBiblical Archaeology

Toronto Semitic Texts and StudiesE. Ebeling, Tod und Leben nach

den Vorstellungen der BabylonierTexte und Materialien der Frau

Professor Hilprecht Collection ofBabylonian Antiquities im Eigen-tum der Universitat Jena

S. M. Katre, ed., Sir Ralph TurnerJubilee Volume

University of California Publica-tions in Semitic Philology

Ur ExcavationsUr Excavations, TextsUgarit-Forschungenlexical series, pub. MSL 9 51-65lexical series, pub. MSL 9 67-73tablets in the collections of theUniversity Museum of the Univer-sity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaUniversity Museum Bulletin

Unger Babylon E. Unger, Babylon, die heilige

Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur

Unger Mem.Vol.

Unger Relief-stele

Ungnad NRVGlossar

Stadt ...E. Unger, Die Stele des Bel-harran-

beli-ussur

In Memoriam Eckhard Unger. Bei-trage zu Geschichte, Kultur undReligion des Alten Orients

E. Unger, Reliefstele AdadnirarisIII. aus Saba'a und Semiramis

A. Ungnad, NeubabylonischeRechts- und Verwaltungsurkun-den. Glossar

xx

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

Uruanna

UVB

VABVASVAT

VBoT

VDIVeenhof OldAssyrianTrade

VIO

VirolleaudComptabilite

VirolleaudDanel

VirolleaudFragments

Voix del'opposition

von Voigt-landerBisitun

VTW.

Waetzold Tex-tilindustrie

WaltherGerichts-wesen

pharmaceutical series uruanna:maltakal

Vorlaufiger Bericht iber die ...Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka(Berlin 1930-)

Vorderasiatische BibliothekVorderasiatische Schriftdenkmalertablets in the collections of theStaatliche Museen, Berlin

A. Gotze, Verstreute Boghazkoi-Texte

Vestnik Drevnei IstoriiK. R. Veenhof, Aspects of Old

Assyrian Trade and Its Termi-nology

Veroffentlichungen des Institutsfur Orientforschung, Berlin

C. Virolleaud, Comptabilite chal-deenne (6poque de la dynastiedite seconde d'Our)

C. Virolleaud, La legende ph6ni-cienne de Danel

C. Virolleaud, Fragments de textesdivinatoires assyriens du MuseeBritannique

A. Finet, ed., La Voix de l'oppo-sition en Mesopotamie. Colloqueorganise par l'Institut des HautesEtudes de Belgique 19 et 20 mars1973

E. von Voigtlander, The BisitunInscription of Darius the Great:Babylonian Version (= CorpusInscriptionum Iranicarum I/I/II/1)

Vetus Testamentumfield numbers of tablets excavated

at WarkaH. Waetzold, Untersuchungen zur

neusumerischen TextilindustrieA. Walther, Das altbabylonische

Gerichtswesen (= LSS 6/4-6)

Ward Seals W. H. Ward, The Seal Cylinders ofWestern Asia

Warka field numbers of tablets excavatedat Warka

Watelin Kish Oxford University Joint Expeditionto Mesopotamia, Excavations atKish: III (1925-1927) by L. C.Watelin

Waterman L. Waterman, Business DocumentsBus. Doc. of the Hammurapi Period (also

pub. in AJSL 29 and 30)Weidner E. Weidner, Handbuch der babylo-

Handbuch nischen AstronomieWeidner Tn. E. Weidner, Die Inschriften Tukul-

ti-Ninurtas I. (= AfO Beiheft 12)Weissbach F. H. Weissbach, Babylonische

Misc. Miscellen (= WVDOG 4)

Weitemeyer M. Weitemeyer, Some Aspects ofthe Hiring of Workers in the Sip-par Region at the Time of Ham-murabi

Wenger AV Festschrift fur Leopold Wenger,2. Band, Miinchener Beitrage zurPapyrusforschung und AntikenRechtsgeschichte, 35. Heft

Westenholz A. Westenholz, Old Sumerian andOSP Old Akkadian Texts in Philadel-

phia Chiefly from NippurWilcke C. Wilcke, Kollationen zu den su-

Kollationen merischen literarischen Textenaus Nippur in der Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena (= ASAW 65/4)

vVilcke C. Wilcke, Das LugalbandaeposLugal-banda

Winckler AOF H. Winckler, Altorientalische For-schungen

Winckler H. Winckler, Sammlung von Keil-Sammlung schrifttexten

Winckler Sar. H. Winckler, Die KeilschrifttexteSargons ...

Winnett AV J. Wevers and D. Redford, eds.,Studies on the Ancient PalestinianWorld (= TSTS 2)

Wiseman D. J. Wiseman, The AlalakhAlalakh Tablets

Wiseman D. J. Wiseman, Chronicles of theChron. Chaldean Kings ...

Wiseman D. J. Wiseman, The Vassal TreatiesTreaties of Esarhaddon (= Iraq 20 Part 1)

WO Die Welt des OrientsWoolley Carchemish, Report on the Ex-

Carchemish cavations at Djerabis on behalfof the British Museum

WVDOG Wissenschaftliche Veroffentlichun-gen der Deutschen Orient-Gesell-schaft

WZJ Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift derFriedrich - Schiller - UniversitatJena

WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift fir die Kundedes Morgenlandes

YBC tablets in the Babylonian Col-lection, Yale University Library

Ylvisaker S. C. Ylvisaker, Zur babylonischenGrammatik und assyrischen Grammatik (=

LSS 5/6)YOR Yale Oriental Series, ResearchesYOS Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian

TextsZA Zeitschrift fir AssyriologieZAW Zeitschrift fur die alttestamentliche

WissenschaftZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen-

landischen GesellschaftZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Pala-

stina-Vereins

xi

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

Zeitschrift fur EthnologieH. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremd-worter.. ., 2nd ed.

H. Zimmern, IMtar und altu, einaltakkadisches Lied (BSGW Phil.-hist. Kl. 68/1)

Zimmern H. Zimmern, Zum babylonischenNeujahrsfest Neujahrsfest (BSGW Phil.-hist.

Kl. 58/3); zweiter Beitrag (ibid.70/5)

ZK Zeitschrift fur KeilschriftforschungZS Zeitschrift fur Semitistik

xxii

ZEZimmernFremdw.

ZimmernIMtar undSaltu

oi.uchicago.edu

abbr.ace.Achaem.add.adj.adm.Adn.adv.Akk.Aluapod.app.Aram.Asb.Asn.Ass.astrol.astron.Av.Babyl.bil.Bogh.bus.Camb.chem.chron.col.coll.comm.conj.corr.Cyr.Dar.dat.dem.denom.det.diagn.disc.DNdoc.dupl.EAecon.ed.EDElam.Esarh.esp.Etanaetym.ext.fact.fem.fig.fragm.gen.geogr.

abbreviated, abbreviationaccusativeAchaemenidaddition(al)adjectiveadministrative (texts)Adad-nirariadverbAkkadianSumma aluapodosisappendixAramaicAssurbanipalA§Aur-nasir-apli IIAssyrianastrological (texts)astronomical (texts)AvestanBabylonianbilingual (texts)BoghazkeuibusinessCambyseschemical (texts)chroniclecolumncollation, collatedcommentary (texts)conjunctioncorrespondingCyrusDariusdativedemonstrativedenominativedeterminativediagnostic (texts)discussiondivine namedocumentduplicateEl-Amarnaeconomic (texts)editionEarly DynasticElamiteEsarhaddonespeciallyEtana mythetymology, etymologicalextispicyfactitivefemininefigurefragment(ary)genitive, generalgeographical

)ther Abbreviations

Gilg.Gk.gloss.GNgramm.group voc.Heb.hemer.hist.Hitt.Hurr.IEimp.inc.incl.indecl.inf.inscr.interj.interr.intrans.inv.Izbulament.LBleg.let.lex.lit.log.Ludlullw.MAmasc.math.MBmed.meteor.

MNmng.n.NANBNbk.Nbn.Ner.NFnom.NSnum.OAOAkk.OBobv.occ.Old Pers.opp.

xxiii

Gilgame§Greekglossarygeographical namegrammatical (texts)group vocabularyHebrewhemerologyhistorical (texts)HittiteHurrianIndo-Europeanimperativeincantation (texts)includingindeclinableinfinitiveinscriptioninterjectioninterrogativeintransitiveinventorySumma izbulamentationLate Babylonianlegal (texts)letterlexical (texts)literally, literary (texts)logogram, logographicLudlul bel nemeqiloan wordMiddle Assyrianmasculinemathematical (texts)Middle Babylonianmedical (texts)meteorology, meteorological

(texts)month namemeaningnoteNeo-AssyrianNeo-BabylonianNebuchadnezzar IINabonidusNeriglissarNeue FolgenominativeNew Series, Nova SeriesnumeralOld AssyrianOld AkkadianOld Babylonianobverseoccurrence, occursOld Persianopposite (of) (to)

oi.uchicago.edu

Other Abbreviationsorig.p.Palmyr.part.pharm.phon.physiogn.pl.pl. tantumPNprep.pres.Pre-Sar.pret.pron.prot.pub.r.redupl.ref.rel.rit.RNRS8.Sar.SBSel.

original(ly)pagePalmyreneparticiplepharmaceutical (texts)phoneticphysiognomic (omens)plural, plateplurale tantumpersonal nameprepositionpresentPre-Sargonicpreteritpronoun, pronominalprotasispublishedreversereduplicated, reduplicationreferencereligious (texts)ritual (texts)royal nameRas ShamrasubstantiveSargon IIStandard BabylonianSeleucid

Sem.Senn.Shalm.sing.Skt.stat. const.str.Sum.supp.syll.syn.Syr.Tigl.Tn.trans.translat.translit.Ugar.uncert.unkn.unpub.V.var.wr.WSem.xxx

xxiv

SemiticSennacheribShalmanesersingularSanskritstatus constructusstropheSumeriansupplementsyllabicallysynonym(ous)SyriacTiglathpileserTukulti-Ninurta ItransitivetranslationtransliterationUgariticuncertainunknownunpublishedverbvariantwrittenWest Semiticnumber not transliteratedillegible sign in Akk.illegible sign in Sum.

oi.uchicago.edu

THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

VOLUME 13

Qqabaltiu (qabassiu, fem. qabassitu) adj.;middle; MA, NA; wr. syll. and MURUB 4with phon. complement; cf. qablu A.

teh palge qa-ba-al-ti-e next to themiddle canal JCS 7 123 No. 5:12 (MA); katarruina muhhi igdri §a abisdte qa-ba-sa-a-teit-ta-mar (see abisu mng. 2b) ABL 367r. 4, also, wr. qab-sat ADD 981 r. 8; nadmiri Sa abulli qab-si-te . . . ittuqutu thetowers of the middle gate fell downIraq 4 186 r. 10; protective genii ina IGI KA(wr. E) MURUB 4-ti in front of the middlegate Iraq 17 134 (pl. 33) No. 16:19, cf. inaIGI KA qa-ba-si-te ibid. 15; nerubu qa-ba-si-u Sa tarbai Sa bit Adad the middleentrance to the courtyard of the Adadtemple ABL 1243:6, cf. ina URU.MIN qa-ba-si-i ina reA rba'il ADD 742: 10; 4 mi ebeqa-ba-su-te four middle seats ADD 860 i 16;[in]a(?) suHU§ qab-si-td (in brokencontext) ADD 936 iii 11, see Postgate Taxation318; an[a .. .] qa-ba-sa-ti Sa .OA[L(?) ... ]van Driel Cult of AgAur 128 iv 26 (all NA).

qabaltu (qabassu, qabsu) s.; middle,center; from OB on; NA qabassu, qabsu,stat. const. qabalti, qablat, NA qab(as)si;wr. syll. and MURUB 4 mostly with phon.complement (§A-ti Scheil Tn. II 31); cf.qablu A.

Aa-ab §AB = qa-ab-la-ta-an Diri V 74; ii-guuGU = qab-lat qaq-qa-di Diri III 146.

a) in lit. and hist.: attanaggil kimahdbilim qd-ba-al-tu oerim (see habilu A)Gilg. M. ii 11 (OB), cf. etlaaggadS Ja qd-bal-ti$eri the wild man from the midst of thedesert Gilg. I iv 7; ina qa-a-ab-la-at tdmtinnin abdr I caught fish in the middle of

the sea EA 356:50 (Adapa); qema tanaddi usirqa ina MURUB 4-ti 4 tanaddi you makea flour (offering) and a scatter offeringin the middle ZA 45 208 v 6 (Bogh. rit.);akukitu Sa qab-lat ame u ergeti terdt (seeakukutu mng. 1) KAR 57 i 9, dupl. FarberIStar und Dumuzi pl. 8:43, see ibid. p. 130; IStarina qa-ab-la-at a-li-i uhabbu (difficult, seehdbu A mng. 2b) JAOS 38 82:4 (MB ext.);ina qab-lat dli ura talabbit in the middleof the city you sweep a roof clean Or. NS36 19 r. 10 (namburbi); a ... gigune qa-bal-ti dli u'abbituma (the river) which haddestroyed the temples inside the city OIP2 99:46, cf. ibid. 105 v 86 (Senn.); ekallu §an'tuina MURUB 4 -ti dli ina ki-i(text -TA) -di dlianother palace either inside or outside thecity AKA 248 v 40 (Asn.); (camels werebought cheap) ina qa-bal-ti mdtija in thevery middle of my land Streck Asb. 76 ix 48;ina MURUB 4-ti ekalli hatti ramani uimqussuma in the middle of (his) palacefear befell him Lie Sar. 54:9, cf. Rost Tigl. IIIp. 16:97; note, wr. ina §A-ti KUR GN ScheilTn. II 31.

b) in EA, Nuzi: kuppdtu buildingsina qa-bd-la-at eqleti a PN JEN 213:17,wr. ina MURUB 4-at JEN 231:7, MURUB 4JEN 587:7, qab-la-a-at JEN268:10, qab-la-atJEN 323 :13; 1 muballittu . . u naki a uqniina qd-ab-<<u> -la-ti-u-u one containerfor aromatics and a lapis lazuli naku vesselin the middle of it EA 14 ii 9, cf. ibid. i 62(list of gifts from Egypt).

c) in NA: Mannaja ina qa-ab-si mdtifuiktala the Mannean has held back (thehorses) inside his land ABL 165 r. 5; anagerudi aki qa-ab-si mdtiSu luS9tiqunillu

oi.uchicago.edu

qabAru

ABL 1058 r. 8; lu ina harrini lu ina qab-simdti either on the road or in the middleof the land Wiseman Treaties 199; ildni.. .qa-ba-si mudabiri §unu the towns (intowhich we brought the pack animals) arein the middle of the desert Iraq 25 79No. 70 r. 13; diru . . ina qab-si ali ittuqutthe wall fell down in the middle of the city(opposite: EDIN li) Iraq4 186:14, cf. qab-sidli ABL 175 r. 4, but wr. qa-bal-ti aliEbeling Stiftungen 4: 6; ina muhhi a ina qab-siGN am~ini as regards what I heard inthe center of Calah ABL 211 r. 9, also ABL766:8, 1042:8, ADD 102:4, 742:12, Iraq 25 96BT.124:12, Thompson Rep. 217 r. 6, K.8016:13(Asb.), cited Bauer Asb. 2 70 n. 1, wr. qa-ab-siADD 812:5 and 8, K.15309:3 (courtesy S. Par-pola), Postgate Palace Archive 156:3, cf. inaqab-si bzt ASSur ABL 555:10; ina qa-ab-siekalli ina pan farri errab (the crownprince) will enter into the presence of theking inside the palace ABL 356 r. 3, seeParpola LAS No. 45.

d) in MB, NB: ID Qd-ab-la-at URUPBS 1/2 63:9 (MB let.); abattu .. . ultu qa-bal-ti dli i4dnimma (see abattu B usagea-2) BIN 1 32:16; ina qa-bal-ta ali GCCI 2103:5; [x+]3 kirdti ina qa-bal-ti ali x palmgroves inside the city AnOr 9 2:61, alsoVAS 1 35:12 (kudurru); eqelunu a MURUB 4 -tum dli BIN 1 101:8; GN dlu 8a MURUB4 -tuiPurattu GN, a town which is in the middleof the Euphrates Grayson Chronicles No. 3:33,cf. GN Sa ina MURUB 4-tui ID marrat GN,which is in the middle of the sea ibid.No. 6:20 (all NB).

In AfO 8 22 v 13 read [K]I.BAL-tu-i-nu, i.e.,nabalkattuSunu.

qabaru see qebEru.

qabassiu see qabaltiu.

qabassu see qabaltu.

*qabatu see abdtu A discussion section.

qaba'u see qab A and v.

2

qabbiru

qabbatu see qappatu.

qabbitu s.; (a prophetess); Mari*; cf.qabi v.

1 SAL qa-ba-[t]um a Da[gan] ... kamiqbem ARM 10 80:6.

Moran, Biblica 50 53; Renger, ZA 59 218ff.

qabba'u s.; (an official); OB; cf. qabu v.ga.ab.dug 4 .dug 4 = qa-ba-u Izi V 127; [l]ii.

KA. du g 4 . rdug 4 = [qa-ab-ba-u] Nabnitu IV 70.

ana sdbim u nuhatimmim .. . a u[pt] az=zaru... r Sa LU qd-abl-ba-HUv- ana ekallimubbalam u <ana> sabim u nuhatimmim §aihalliqu pi'atam ekallam ippalu for anytavern-keeper or cookshop operator whogoes into hiding (and) whom (afterwards)the q. brings to the palace, and for anytavern-keeper or cookshop operator whoruns away, they are responsible to thepalace Studies Landsberger 212:38; 1 rakbamu LU qd-ab-ba-a[m] attard[am] kimaissanquni[kk]unus[im] altapiram §a LUqd-ab-ba-u u[ka]llamu ana rakbim . . .pi[qdama] I have sent a rakbu and a q.,as soon as they have reached you, handover to the rakbu the slaves whom the q.will point out (and let him bring themto Babylon) LIH 89:14 and 17, cf. La qd-ab-ba-u-u[m] kiam ipura[m] ibid. 5;ana gibut ekallim ajitim balum SANGA.ME§DI.KUD.ME § .TUL.ME § A.TAM.ME § ribbitim gudapsi u LU qd-ab-ba-HI-i bit PNtepti[a] for what palace business did youopen the House-of-the-Daughter-of-Sulgiwithout (the authorization of) the chiefadministrators, the judges, the herd over-seers, the temple administrators, the eribbti's, the gudapsu priests, and the q.-s?LIH 83:32, cf. (in same context) [LU] qd-ab-ba-HU-u ibid. 14 (both letters of Abi-eguh).

Goetze, Studies Landsberger 215.

qabbiru s.; (person associated withfunerary rites); lex.*; cf. qebru.

bar. u.gal = §v, a.bi.gal = §u, qa-ab-bi-ru(preceded by idippu) Lu IV 48ff., cf. a.bi.gal,

H.dINANNA OB Proto-Lu 253f., see MSL 12 70.

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qabbu

qabbu s.; (a container); NA.*qa-ab-hu UD.KA.BAR (preceded by Odhu) Prac-

tical Vocabulary Assur 452.

1 qa-ab-hu URUDU Postgate Palace Archive155 iii 11 (see photograph ibid. pl. 91a).

qibianu s.; speaker of a particular ut-terance; OA(?), NA; cf. qab v.

§umma qa-bi-a-nu a abutu annituiqbdkkanuni turammdfuni (you swear)that you will not let the speaker go freewho said such words to you (incitingrebellion) Wiseman Treaties 347.

Formed like nddindnu, mdhirdnu, etc.,qdbidnu identifies the speaker of the ut-terance just cited. It is uncertain whetherthe OA personal name A-Sir-qd-bi4-a-maTuM 1 4a:5 and 6 is to be interpreted asA§§ur-qdbidn-ma (so Hirsch Untersuchungenp. 9), or as A ur-qabiam-ma O-AAAur-It-Has-Been-Said-to-Me.

**qabi (AHw. 886b) In Iraq 15 153 ND3474:11f. the copy is inaccurate (textunavailable for collation); an adverb suchas ~upi or the like is expected.

qabitu in la qabitu s.; not to be spoken;SB*; cf. qabu v.

li dug 4 .dug 4 .ga nu.me.a im.ri.a.9e mu.un.ub.ba : §a la qd-bi-tum el ahi inaddi wholays malign charges against (his) brother LambertBWL 119:9f.

nulldtu = la qa-bi-td LTBA 2 2:408 and dupl. 3vi 4; nullatu, magritu, tal-li-tum = la qa-bi-[tum]An IX 103ff.; INIM.NU.GAR.RA // la qa-b[i-td //]nulldtu Surpu p. 51:44.

la natutu epu§ la alimtu inapzja i akinla qa(var. qa) -bi-ta ulanni I did improperthings, untoward words were in mymouth, I repeated what was not to be saidJNES 15 142:54, cf. [la n]atuta epul la lalimtu aqbi [la qa-bi-t]a uAanni la alimtuina pija iSlakin KAR 39 r. 23, see Lambert,JNES 33 280:126; note (Sa) ana anna ullaiqb ana ulla anna iqb who said "no"

qablitufor "yes," said "yes" for "no" Surpu II 6,with comm.: md ana qa-bi-ti la qa-bi-tuiqtabi [md ana l]a qa-b[i-ti] qa-bi-tu iqtabiAurpu p. 51:41f.

qlbitu s.; one who commands; NA*;cf. qab v.

andku .i qa-bi-tu epissu I (Ihtar) am shewho commands, she who acts LangdonTammuz pl. 2 ii 18 (oracles).

qabla adv.; in the middle; OA, OB;cf. qablu A.

1 GUD a warka 1 GUD a qd-ab-la alpikilallen lutukma examine both oxen, anox for the rear and an ox for the middle(of the team) RA 30 99:7 (OB let.); mannumi-qd-db-ld-ma lishuri BIN 4 47:13 (OA).

qablnu adv.; in the midst; OAkk.*;cf. qablu A.

AM in qabx(DA)-Id-ni Tibar §aduimiuma uamqissu he personally killed an

aurochs in the inmost region of the Tibarmountain (and made a statue of it) RA8 200 i 10 (Naram-Sin), see Sollberger, RA 64 173.

Formation parallel to elenu(m), Sapld=nu(m), etc.

qablitu s.; 1. middle part, inner part,2. middle watch of the night, 3. intervalbetween the second and the fifth stringsof a harp, 4. (a container), 5. (a garment),6. (an object), 7. (uncert. mng.); from OA,OB on; stat. const. qabliat (OB), qablet(Mari), qablit, pl. qablidtu, qabldtu; wr.syll. and MURUB 4 with phon. comple-ments; cf. qablu A.

[en].nu.un.[murub 4] = [q]d-ab-[li]-tum Pro-to-Izi I Bil. iv 21; en.nun.murub 4.ba = qab-li-tum (between bardritu and Saturru) AntagalC 34, also (in same context) Igituh short version119, Igituh I 419, Lu Excerpt II 89; ab.sin.murub 4 .ba = qd-ab-l[i-tum] Kagal F 80.

1. middle part, inner part - a) of thebody: iltu qa-ab-li-ti-[u adi Sa]pli5 ul

3

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qablTtu

iba4Si from his middle on down therewas nothing (left of the child's body)ARM 6 43:14.

b) of parts of the body: summaumatumina qd-ab-li-a-at qdti4u a [imittim/uSmelim GAR] if there is a mole in the middleof his right/left hand YOS 10 54 r. 4f. (OBphysiogn.); ana idi a MURUB 4 -ti GD.DA-ma(that means) that (his lips) are long to-ward the direction of the middle (?) (ex-planation of Japat sibdri 6akin) KrausTexte 12c iii 9.

c) of the exta: 6umma kak imittim inaqd-[ab-l] i-a-at martim gakinma if the right"weapon-mark" is situated in the middleof the gall bladder YOS 10 46 i 4, also ibid.i 16, ii 4, 7, (with qablitu in the apod., see mng. 2)ibid. i 29, also ina qd-ab-li-a-at amutimibid. ii 50, cf. Summa TI.BI fumelim inaqd-ab-li-at martim akimma RA 27 142:29and 36; umma Ag (= gepum) q[a] -ab-li-[fatmartim kadat YOS 10 44:22; gumma ubdnum ina qd-ab-li-ti-i-u ekmet if the"finger" (of the liver) is stunted in its(!)middle YOS 10 33 iii 52, cf. ana qd-ab-li-atubdnim ibid. v 6; summa ina MURUB4 -atnaplastim . . . kakkum Sakinma if there isa "weapon-mark" in the middle (parallel:reSu and idu) of the naplastu YOS 1015:1, 7, also 15, §umma ina MURUB4 -atnaplasti imittim gilum nadi RA 44 43 (=pl. 3):4, 14, 20f., parallel, wr. qd-ab-li-atYOS 10 17:50, 54, and 69; 6umma (naplastum)ina qd-ab-li-a-ti-Sa iptur (parallel: iissa)RA 44 42 (= pl. 2):40; Summa zI . . . inaqd-ab-li-ti-Sa adi i4di a siqat if the ribis narrow from its middle to its bottomYOS 10 45:56 f., also ibid. 71 and 73, 31 f., Summazi appaSa u iissa tisbutma qd-ab-li-<a>-tu-a beta if the tip and the base of therib are attached, but its middle parts areapart ibid. 59 (all OB ext.); Summa ulldnu<GAB> qab-li-ti patir if from the first the.... of the middle part is split(?) CT 28 45r. 2; Summa MURUB4-tum idissa uSMur ifthe bottom of the middle part is loose (?)(parallel: eiztu) PRT 21 r. 15, also r. 10, 20

qablTtu

r. 8, cf. ibid. 12 r. 14, 16 r. 16ff., 26 r. 14, KnudtzonGebete 116 r. 20; MURUB 4.ME sarratu biretuniphdti the middle parts signify lies, thecentral areas, inconclusive (omens) CT20 44 i 52 (all SB ext.).

d) of oil and incense used in divina-tion: Summa KU ... imitta u u §umeualimma qd-ab-la-tu-[S]u hepd if the right

and the left of the incense is intact, butits middle part is broken up Or. NS 32383:8 (OB incense omens); ana qd-ab-li-a-atJamnim me ina nadika when you pourwater into the middle of the oil CT 56:59f.; Summa igtu qd-ab-li-a-at ummatimJulmum ipturamma if a bubble separatesfrom the center part of the oil mass ibid.57, cf. ibid. 56, and passim in this text; ummaina qd-ab-li-at Samnim tatturu 2 YOS 1057:5f. (all OB oil omens).

e) of topographical entities, etc.: Sum=ma ina MURUB 4 niri kakkabum sdmumakin<<ma> ina MURUB4-at dlim igtum

innappah if there is a red star in themiddle of the "yoke," a fire will be kindledin the middle of the city (between inaahiat dlim and ina libbi dlim) YOS 1042 iv 33f. (OB ext.); ardnum qa-ab-le-etmdtim u Han kaluu alrdnumma pahirthe middle part of the country is thereand in that very place all the Haneansare gathered ARM 1 37:34; x land §aqd-ab-li-a-at [...] YOS 8 91:2; ana buzzzu' im ina qd-ab-li-[a] -at gagim tattad:nanni you have exposed me to pressurein the midst of the gag Kraus AbB 1138:26; ina qa-ab-le-et bilim (in brokencontext) ARM 6 27:10; summa DINGIRGAL ina qab-la-ti-id [. .. ] (parallel: inatdmartiu, ina la mind[tiu]) K.2123 ii 9'(Jupiter omens); see also (referring to afurrow) Kagal F 80, in lex. section; qd-ab-li-tum(text -DAM) ana e'im i rSAG1ana gamnim inneppeS the center part (ofthe field) should be worked for barley,and the upper part for oil Kienast Kisurra178:40.

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qablitu

f) of a chariot: GI§.GIGIR ii ina qa-ab-li-ti-§u iSebir this chariot (that theking gave me) broke in the middle ARM 566:10.

g) of a journey: assurri alpum 2u inaqa-ab-le-et girrim ihd4 I am afraid this oxwill become sick in the middle of the jour-ney ARM 14 5:15, also ibid. 6:21, cf. RA 66128:21 (Mari let.).

h) of the zone in which the moonmoves: 3 KAS GIN-ma MURUB4 -tu (themoon) moves three beru and (reaches)the middle (i.e., nodal) zone JCS 21 201:1,and passim in this text; 2,24 MURUB 4 -tiqaqqar kiqari 2,24 (from the) middlezone is the area of the change (of dif-ferences) (referring to the latitude of themoon) Neugebauer ACT 200 i 20, cf. libbua MURUB 4 -tu takaklad until you reach

the middle zone ibid. 21, cf. [kii]rMURUB 4 ibid. 33.

2. middle watch of the night: ina qa-ab-li-tim a minim [idbu] bamma he talkedto me in the middle watch of the nightARM 10 91 r. 5; ina qd-ab-li-tim nakramtasakkip you will overthrow the enemy inthe middle watch YOS 10 46 i 32 (OB ext.);[ina] qab-li-ti 6itta4u uqatti during themiddle watch he ended his sleep Gilg. Viii 8; this dream a ina bardrti qab-li-tiSdt ur[ri ibbabla] which was brought tome during the evening watch, the middlewatch, or the morning watch Dream-book340 K.8583:12, also ibid. 5, for other refs.see bardritu usage b; if a ghost ina EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA itanassi keeps cryingout during the middle watch CT 38 26:37(SB Alu); if fire breaks out in a houseina EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA KAR 212 iii 47;if his illness keeps attacking him inaEN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA Labat TDP 160:32, cf.ibid. 104 iii 24, ina UD.7.KAM adi EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA ibid. 166:98; two shootingstars ina EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA ... iarruflashed in the middle watch ThompsonRep. 202 r. 2; namtalli qd-ab-li-tim eclipse

5

qablituduring the middle watch YOS 10 17:50,RA 44 43:6, also KAR 366 r. 3, wr. MURUB4 -tiACh Sin 3:18; ina EN.NUN.MURUB 4 Sinattald iMtakan the moon underwent aneclipse during the middle watch ABL137:7 (NB), cf. (the sun) [attald] ina EN.NU.UN.MURUB 4.BA GAR-an KUB 4 64:10ff.,cf. also ACh Sin 25:19, 54, 71, Labat Calendrier§ 72:1; Sin ... ina MURUB 4(text i-Sa)-ti. . . attald la i4akkanu will the moon notundergo an eclipse during the middlewatch? AfO 11 361:12 (tamitu); if Jupiterina EN.NUN.MURUB 4 .BA . . . nibtam iddi(see nibtu) ACh Supp. 2 IMtar 57:8; EN.NUN.AN.USAN MURUB 4 -te NU §E theevening and the middle watch are un-favorable KAR 177 iii 38 (hemer.).

3. interval between the second and thefifth strings of a harp: 6umma sammimilart[umma] qd-ab-li-ta-am <la zakitam>talpu[t] if the harp is (tuned in) theiartu mode, and you play the unclearqablitu interval Iraq 30 230 right col. 14, seeKiummel, Or. NS 39 256; [irdtu] a MURUB 4 -te - irtu songs (to be played) in the qablitutuning KAR 158 viii 51; SA MURUB 4-tUStudies Landsberger 266:5 and 19, cf. SA titurMURUB4-tum ibid. 6 (MB), wr. kab-li-te(in Hurrian texts) Ugaritica 5 463 RS 15.30+:5and 473 RS 19.164c:8.

4. (a container, OA only): qd-db-li-tdm $i(or si) -ra-am u itquram ... bilamsend me a q., a .... , and a ladle CcT4 19b:14, also ibid. 7; bitka u qd-db-li-a-ti-kaJaqqurma your house and your q.-s arewell guarded KTS 3c:18; 2 MA.NA anaigr[i] qd-db-li-a-ti-kd ... addin I paidtwo minas as rent for your q.-s TCL 20107:13, cf. ibid. 25; qd-db-li-tdm uhhuztam... qd-db-li-tdm ,iani redeem the q.,the mounted q. (taken as pledge) Jan-kowska KTK 19:27 and 31 (= Golenischeff20), cf. (in broken context) TCL 19 49:32; alabilu qd-db-li-a-tum Sa kaspim BIN 4

90:9, also qd-db-li-a-tum a werim ibid. 11;mu-ri-i qd-db-li-tim mammana ula ibli

oi.uchicago.edu

qablituthere was nobody who would bring the q.I 502:24, cited Matou, ArOr 42 171 s.v. qablitum,for other occs. with ari see ari A mng.lb-2'; 4 qd-db-li-a-ftum] a 1 MA.NA.TA3 a i MA.NA.TA 2 a 10 GIN.TA [i7teni] 9four q.-s (weighing?) one mina each, three(weighing) one-half mina each, two tenshekels each, all together nine TuM 116f:1, cf. 2 qd-db-li-a-tum §a I MA.NA.TAunpub. OA text cited Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade197 n. 316; one millstone u 6 qd-db-li-a-timu 2 zamaldtim KTS 47c:18; qd-db-li-tdm... liddinakkuSima ana bit ubrini dinlet him give you a q., and give it to ourguest house Hecker Giessen 44:19; lu tuppiU... lu tahsisdtum Sa atta tukalluni lu qd-db-li-a-tum lu -um-[x-x] CCT 2 17b:7.

5. (a garment): 1 qd-ab-li-tu fa Sipdtimone q. made of wool VAS 9 221:5 (OB);1 TOG MURUB4-tum (in list of garmentsfor gods) Cyr. 241:4, 10, 18; 1-en TUGMURUB 4-t[um ... ] YOS 1 37:18 (NB ku-durru).

6. (an object): 1 qd-ab-li-it irti oneq. for the breast CT 48 41 r. 3, cf. 2 qa-ab-la-tum a irtim UCP 10 110 No. 35:10;3 GfN fxl qd-ab-li-a-tum three shekels forx q.-s (expense account) CT 45 21:17; 1 qd-ab-li-tu[m] (in list of household objects)PBS 8/2 191:5; fPN kar-ba-sd hapiat qd-ab-li-it-sd §ebret (see karpatu mng. lb) CT48 49:3; [x oGI] ni-ru a qd-ab-li-tumBE 6/2 137:19 (all OB); URUDU.ME§ ... aimassini GI§ qab-li-ti ina paniu ...attaharSuma ABL 867 r. 8 (NA).

7. (uncert. mng.): if between partnersone wants to sell his share and the otherwants to buy (it) qd-ab-li(var. -NE)-it§anim umalla he may match any out-sider's offer Goetze LE § 38 A iii 24, B iii 9,cf. as for the ox I mentioned to you, Irented a field but eqlum eli ahija kabitKA-ab-li-it ganim lumalli the field isbeyond my capacity (to work), let mematch the outsider's offer (for it) CT 299b:12 (OB).

qablu AAd mng. 3: Kimmel, Or. NS 39 252ff.; Giter-

bock, RA 64 45 ff. Ad mng. 4: Garelli, RA 58 127f.

qabliu see qabl~.

qablu A s.; 1. middle, center, middlepart, 2. hips, loins, waist, 3. trunk (ofa date palm), 4. belt, 5. nid qabli (amode of tuning); from OAkk. on; wr. syll.and MURUB 4 ; cf. qabaltiu, qabaltu, qabla,qabldnu, qablitu, qable.

mu-ru MURUB 4 = qab-lum S b II 86, cf. AIII/3:216; mu-ur MURUB 4 = qab-lum Ea III 174;ib fB = qab-lum Sb II 157; i-ib iB = qab-lu Idu I101; ur UR = qab-lum A VII/2:133; Aa-ab §AB =qab-lu, qa-ab-la-ta-an Diri V 73a-74.

kuA.murub 4.e.sir = qd-ab-lu Hh. XI 129;kuA.murub 4 .[nig] = [qa-bal MIN (= kalbati)],ku .murub 4 .h [ar.nig] = [MIN si-mirMIN] ibid.212f.; [udu.i]b.gig = d qab-lu (var. qa-ba-[al-Si]) mah-ha (error for marqu) Hh. XIII 42.

murub 4.me.ka gub.ba.mu.[de] : ina qi-bal tdhazi ina uzuz[zija] when I stand in the midstof battle SBH p. 105 No. 56:25f.; for another bil.ref. see mng. 1 f.

gidim.hul ib.bi mu.un.na.te : etemmulemnu ana qab-li-su itehi the evil spirit approachedhis hips CT 17 9 viii 9f., also 4R 29 No. 2:9f.;for other bil. refs. with ib see mngs. Ic, 2a.

Aab.kur.ra.kex(KID) gui f.ba.ni.in.[d] :ina qa-bal ad aSassi I shout in the midst of themountains ASKT p. 127:43f.

i-ib-bu, ha-an-,a-ti, sa-gu-u = qab-[lum] MalkuVIII 150ff.; in qd-bal = is-t[u um] Malku III 90.

MURUB 4 // qab-l[u...] AChAdad 15:6 (comm.);6i-ib-bu // qab-lu AO 3555 r. 25 (comm. on AVIII/2 :245).

u 4.da = ina qd-bal NBGT I 319; u4 .ta =i-na qd-bal NBGT II 26, IX 281.

1. middle, center, middle part - a) oflocalities, cities, buildings, groups ofpeople - 1' of localities (mountain, sea,river): travel expenses i4tu qd-db-liaduim ... adi GN from the midst of the

mountain as far as GN CCT 6 40b:1 (OA);GN a MURUB 4 KUR KaSijari GN, whichlies in the middle of the Kaiiari moun-tains AKA 135 iii 16 (Tigl. I), cf. GN a qa-bal adi AfO 20 90:38 (Senn.); kz Sa anaBdbili iterba MURUB 4 a mdtdti iktabas(see kabdsu mng. 2a) ABL 588:12 (NB let.),cf. Jumma attunu ... ki MURUB 4 (var.

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qablu A

qa-bal) mdti a4bdka[nuni] Wiseman Treaties181; the king knows ki GN ina MURUB 4mat Akkadi i that Ur is in the middleof Babylonia ABL 1241:18, see DietrichAramaer 200:20; GN §a ina MURUB 4 GN 2Rost Tigl. III p. 32:184; nakru [ina] MURUB 4mdtika ndra iherri the enemy will dig acanal in the middle of your country CT30 20 Rm. 273+ :22 (SB ext.); GN §a MURUB 4Puratte Sapirata which lies in the middleof the Euphrates AfO 18 351:41 (Tigl. I),also (with ali) Scheil Tn. II 66, also ibid. 68f.,AKA 350 iii 16 (Asn.); if water ina MURUB 4ndri ittanahhis always recedes in themiddle of the river CT 39 16:47, cf. ibid. 49and 20:135 (SB Alu); ana mini ki elippe inaMURUB 4 ndre naddki why are you adriftin the middle of a river like a boat? BA 2634:1 (NA lit.); ndhira ... ina qa-bal tdmtilu aduk (see ndhiru mng. 1) AfO 18 344:25(Tigl. I); tdhaza dannu ina MURUB 4 tdmdilu epu8 I fought a heavy battle in themiddle of the sea 3R 8 ii 77, ina elippetiarkab adi MURUB 4 tdmdi allik riding inboats I went to the middle of the seaWO 1 464:33 (both Shalm. III); GN 6a MURUB 4tdmti AKA 373 iii 87 (Asn.), cf. Borger Esarh.86 § 57:7; §ar Dilmun a mdlak 30 ber inaMURUB 4 tdmti . .. narbau litkunuma theking of Dilmun whose lair is situated ata distance of thirty beru in the middleof the sea Lyon Sar. 14:35, also ibid. 28, andpassim in Sar.; ina MURUB 4 tdmti ruqi faraway in the middle of the sea (they heardof my deeds) Winckler Sar. pl. 35:148; matJatnana MURUB 4 tdmti Borger Esarh. 60 v 72;d6ib MURUB 4 tdmti (RN) who lives in themiddle of the sea Streck Asb. 16 ii 50; arrdni §a ahi tdmti MURUB 4 tdmti u ndbalikings from the seashore, from the middleof the sea, and from the mainland ibid.8 i 69; Jamnaja a MURUB 4 tdmti ... kimanini abdrma I caught the lonians fromthe middle of the sea like fish WincklerSar. pi. 57:15, Lyon Sar. 4:21, and passim inSar.; ana ruqte qa-bal (var. MURUB 4) tdmtiinnabit he fled far away to the middle ofthe sea OIP 2 29 ii 40, cf. ibid. 71:35, 35 iii 65

qablu A(Senn.), Borger Esarh. 48 ii 72, cf. also qab-lita-an-ti (in broken context) Iraq 25 76(pl. 13) No. 69:12 (NA let.); qab-lu-uu tdmatuni-su-[. . .] AfO 19 56:42 (SB prayer).

2' of cities: [ia] ... ina qa-bal dlii4taknuni (a building) which was situatedin the middle of the city AOB 1 42 No. 3:18(AAAur-uballit I); ina MURUB 4 aliu u ezzizI had (my royal stela) erected in themiddle of his city WO 1 470:45 (Shalm.III); DINGIR.IMIN.BI a MURUB 4 dli Fran-kena Takultu 124:117; §umma eru itgurutuina MURUB 4 dli izzaqpuma CT 39 33:46,for other refs. see zaqdpu A mng. 5a;MURUB 4 dli illammi TCL 6 4 r. 11; Summauppu ina MURUB 4 dli putti CT 39 32:25,CT 38 7:10 (all SB Alu); bZtu eplu . . . Saqa-bal dli plot with house inside the cityKAJ 174:3, E 1 ANEE ina MURUB 4 dliADD 425:10; ekal MURUB 4 dli ADD 953 i 16;fPN akinti a URU MURUB 4 URU ADD232:7, also ADD 242:7, and passim; kZ 'irkuana ma $artu a qab-lu dli iddeck if theSirku's are summoned for service insidethe city BIN 1 169:21 (NB let.); rent for ahouse ina ckri Sippar u MURUB 4 cdi Nbn.234:9, also 201:1; a field Sa ina Uruk inaMURUB 4 dli TCL 12 32:6; kaspu ana uttatiu sulupp~ ina MURUB 4 dli idinma YOS 369:17 (all NB); MURUB 4 dli a Ninua (thepalace) in the center of Nineveh OIP 2128:36 (Senn.), chained with a dog uan$irgu KA.GAL MURUB 4 Ninua Streck Asb.66 viii 13, cf. ibid. 80 ix 109, see also abullumng. lb; note in OAkk.: qdb-li AgadeSumer 32 72 iii 3.

3' of buildings: RN ina qa-bal ekalli4uqdti lu ikSussu I captured RNin the centerof his palace KAH 2 83:12, cf. ina MURUB 4ekalliu uSerissu ibid. 84:57 (both Adn. II);(a stela) ina MURUB 4 ekalliu uSazziz Ierected in the center of his palace AKA288 i 98 (Asn.), cf. Summa zarzqu ina qa-balekalli Sip[ra] ana epde AfO 17 288:111(MA harem edicts); Summa amelu ina MURUB 4bztiu burta ipte if a man opens a well inthe middle of his house KAR 407 ii 10 (Alu

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catalog); if fungus appears ina MURUB 4bzt ameli CT 38 19:19; Summa parakkuina MURUB 4 bit ameli ,akin CT 40 3:54;ina lumun eri a . . . ana MURUB 4 bitijaimquta in case of evil portended by asnake which fell into the middle of myhouse KAR 388:5, also 6 (all SB Alu); inaMURUB 4 biti ... tetemmir you bury (thefigurines) in the center of the house KAR298:20, also ibid. r. 12, cf. r. 27, ina MURUB 4tarbai ibid. r. 5; [. . .] ina MURUB 4 Etuettaq you pass [the censer] along inthe center of the house Ebeling Parfuimrez.pl. 10:4 (NA rit.); qa-bal biti (in descriptionof a plot) AfO 20 121 VAT 8923:1 (MA);Summa me tarbai ana MURUB 4 tarbaiilkun if he directs the water in a corralto the middle of the corral CT 38 13:99.

4' of other localities: ina MURUB 4ugdrimma ABL 910 r. 6 (NA), cf. ina qa-balmna[hati] Gilg. VI 77; ina MURUB 4 karaSSia (in broken context) Rost Tigl. IIIp. 80:24; ina MURUB 4 SUqi CT38 18 K.4076:3.

5' of groups of people: Sa ina MURUB 4ummdniu ihliq (RN) who perished in themidst of his troops TCL 6 3 r. 28, cf. inaMURUB 4 nakrikunu Wiseman Treaties 614;if a snake ana MURUB 4 puhri imqut fallsinto the middle of an assembly CT 3833:14, cf. ana MURUB 4 muti u aMati imqutibid. 13, KAR 386:27f. (both SB Alu); [. . .] Sazikaru u sin[ni4 ina MURUB 4 tuaakmas=sunute (quote from a rit.) ABL 12 r. 4 (NA).

b) of the sky, of constellations: Summaaquldlu itu ame ina MURUB 4 ame§uqallul (see aquldlu mng. 1) CT 39 32:24(SB Alu); kakkab Marduk .. . ina MURUB 4ame OUB-ma Neberu when the star of

Marduk stands in the middle of the sky(it is called) Neberu Thompson Rep. 94 r. 1;if a star flashes from west to east andina MURUB 4 Same irbi sets in the middleof the sky K.8280:13, and passim; ummaSin ina IGI.LA-i MURUB 4 am8 ikfud AChSin 3:16; Summa Adad ina MURUB4 MUL iSl& rigimu iddi if it thunders in the middle

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qablu Aof the Jaw of the Bull (i.e., the Hyades)ABL 1426 r. 1, cf. Thompson Rep. 254:5, 7, inaMURUB 4 ame ACh Adad 19:52, and passim inACh Adad 12-15; if Jupiter [ana M]URUB 4MUL.GIR.TAB iktalad reaches the middleof Scorpius (between the head and thetail of Scorpius) BM 46236:20; Summa bibbuina MURUB 4 MUL.MUL izziz if a planetstands in the middle of the Pleiades(preceded by ina §A MUL.MUL) LBAT1554 r. 5, dupl. ZA 52 250:83, also 244:40;MURUB 4 MUL.KU 6 Hunger Uruk 95:8, cf. ibid.2, 10; Summa bibbu ina MURUB 4 tTh sarii-r[u-ub] if a planet sets(?) in the middleof the direction in which the wind blowsThompson Rep. 235:11, cf. UL.UDU.IDIM inaMURUB 4 ZI IM TU [.. .] K.6134:6, alsoK.6449:11, etc.

c) of the body and parts of the body -1' of the body: ithema belu qab-lu-u§Tidwati ibarri the lord (Marduk) ap-proached to inspect Tiamat's interiorEn. el. IV 65.

2' of parts of the human body: Summaamelu MURUB 4 muhhiu u SAG.KI.ME9-4ZTAG.TAG-U if the middle of a man's skulland his forehead are affected AMT 54,2r. 1 (subscript), cf. Labat TDP 18:13, KAR 22r. 14; KI.TA muhhi u u MURUB 4 muhhi utapalMaSma you salve the base and themiddle of his skull AMT 103 ii 22, also AMT104 iii 37; Summa amelu MURUB 4 qaqqadiuuzaqqassu if the middle of a man's headhurts him CT 23 50 r. 5; fumma Adrat[MU]RUB 4 qaqqadiu qurrudat if the hairof the middle of his head is thinningKraus Texte 3b iii 20; if a mole OfJB //MURUB 4 qaqqadi akin lies on the left,variant: in the middle of the head ibid.36 i 3, cf. ina zitti MURUB 4 KA on thedividing line in the middle of the noseibid. ii 3, cf. also ibid 12b iii 12; if a molelies ina qd-ba-al qdti awilim YOS 10 55r. 4f., cf. MURUB 4 qdtila a aumeli LabatTDP 212:8; SIG SAL.LA SAL.MU.GI inaMURUB 4 KA-'id taSakkan Kiichler Beitr. pl. 11iii 48, 9 ii 53; MURUB 4 naglab&eu uhammassu

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(if) the middle of his shoulders giveshim burning pains AMT 45,6:9.

3' of parts of the animal body: iwru§a MURUB 4 gulgulliu pequma a bird thecenter of whose skull is white CT 4049:29 (SB Alu); a black goat ib.gaba.bi[.. .] x.e : 8d qab-la [.. .]-hu CT 179:23f.

d) of parts of the exta - 1' in the dual:umma martum . . qd-ab-la-a-a nasha

if the middle of the gall bladder is "tornout" YOS 10 31 v 22, vi 19, of. ibid. iii 2, 51,iv 20; Summa naplastum qd-ab-la-a paStaibid. 17:65; [kak] imittim ... [q]d-ab-la-upalla ibid. 46 iii 56 (all OB); umma MURUB 4manzdzi pasta PRT 16 r. 14, KAR 423 i 48,and passim.

2' in the sing.: umma martum inaqd-ab-li-a tarkat if the gall bladder isdark in the middle YOS 10 31 xii 42, cf. ibid.v 32, xii 15, xiii 23 (OB); umma martu inaMURUB 4 -d eliS daklat if the gall bladderis severed in its center part above TCL 62:22; Summa MURUB 4 marti Sara maliCT 30 15 K.3841:20; fumma ulmu inaMURUB 4 marti akin KAR 423 ii 50; Summaina MURUB 4 marti DI-hu nadima TCL 6 2r. 1, cf. TCL 6 4:3, CT 30 36 K.10435:13, andpassim in SB ext.; ina MURUB4 mazzdzimYOS 10 63:13 (OB); Summa ina MURUB 4manzdzi kakku iprik Boissier DA 17 iv 32,see Boissier Choix 210 n. 538; Summa MURUB 4manzdzi patir CT 20 44 i 63, umma inaMURUB 4 fumel manzdzi kakku akinmaCT 31 19:17, and passim in SB ext.; [ummadandn]u ina qd-ab-li-6upali6 if the dandnuis pierced through its center RA 38 81r. 5, also (said of the tallu) YOS 10 42 iii 27 (bothOB); Summa MURUB 4 dandni kabis KAR423 ii 30; Summa MURUB 4 paddni kabisibid. 5, Summa MURUB 4 paddni pait CT20 11 K.6724:24, and passim referring to pa:dcnu; Bumma ubdnum ina qd-ab-li-i-6aharrat YOS 10 33 ii 55, also iii 6 (OB); Summaina MURUB 4 nri pu Salaknat if there isa "foot-mark" in the middle of the "yoke"

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qablu AKAR 454 r. 10, cf. KAR 151:19, 23, 28, CT 28 49K.3760r. 3ff.; §ummaamutu... inaMURUB 4-6d martu 6aknat CT 30 9:12 (all SB); [umma... i]-tu(?) MURUB 4 ruqqi Sepu itbemaRA 44 16:5; umma ina MURUB 4 qerbiMI+IB.HI nadi if there is a .... in themiddle of the intestines RA 65 74:66ff. (bothOB); Summa ina MURUB 4 haf a imitti,Siu nadi if there is a hole in the middleof the right lung KAR 151 r. 16; Summaina MURUB 4 Eer imitti ubdni kakku akinmaif there is a "weapon-mark" in the middleof the right "back" of the "finger" (ofthe lung) CT 31 20 r. 15, also BRM 4 12:42, CT31 16:13, VAB 4 268 ii 29 (Nbn.); note inaMURUB 4-iii KAR (= ekim) (with explana-tion) KAR ekemu e[teru ... ] ina meSliuetir kzma iq[bu] CT 31 44 r.(!) i 10 (all SB).

e) of objects: GI§.KAK.ME me inaMURUB 4- lu amhassi (see mahdqu mng.lf-1) Gilg. XI 63; ana qab-li a eriqqiAfO 20 94:98 (Senn.); if there is a hole inaMURUB 4 eri in the middle of a bed CT40 20:21 (SB Alu); ittamir KA SUHU§ UMURUB 4 hurJ a tuhhaza (see ittamir)TCL 6 49:8 (rit.), cf. (a rhyton?) inaMURUB 4-6U KUt.GI habit HSS 14 105:25(= RA 36 155), cf. ibid. 31; 1 kill puquttiqd-ba-al-u [.. .] PBS 13 80:10 (MB inv.);1 maninnu ... a MURUB 4-SU uq ni adihurd a uhhuz (see maninnu) EA 19:81,also EA 22 ii 7, EA 25 i 40, and passim saidof precious objects in these two texts; you tie14 knots (in the string) NA4.AD.BAR inaMURUB 4 tarakkas you tie a basalt beadin the middle Kocher BAM 237 i 23, cf.UD.SAR ina MURUB 4 talakkak ibid. 194 iv 1.

f) of time spans, events: mu.e.nemurub 4.bi.ta a.RU mu murub 4 .bi.t[a ... ] : MU ina qab-li-6d i-ma-qut inaMURUB 4 M[U ... ] the year will .... inits middle, in the middle of the year[. . .] K.2241:21 and 23 (bil. astrol.); muahluimu mueirid anqullu ana ergeti qab-luime (see anqullu usage a) Lambert BWL136: 178 (hymn to Bama); ina MURUB 4 umiat midday ACh Gamas 19:5, Adad 6:8, 23:3;

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qablu Aina qa-bal mii attalamma I sat downin the middle of the night EA 29:85 and57 (let. of TuAratta); I lit torches for youina qa-bal muiti in the middle of thenight AfO 14 142:41 (bit msiri); they didbattle ina qa-bal miii Ugaritica 5 20 r. 6(let.); [in]a qd-ba-al erieim [an]a GN [t]al=lakanim will you (pl.) come to Babylonin the middle of seeding time? LIH 105:17,see Frankena, AbB 2 78, cf. ina qd-ba-alSE.KIN.KUD TIM 2 152:32 (both OB letters);i-qd-db-li harrdnim ula iqabbi he mustnot say (as follows) during the businesstrip COT 1 loa:5, cf. i-qd-ba-al harrdnimTCL 21 265:6 (both OA); I destroyed themina MURUB 4 girrimma during the cam-paign Rost Tigl. III p. 30:172; ina MURUB 4tidukimma in the midst of the fight RostTigl. III p. 12:65, cf. Grayson Chronicles No. 21:5,I captured them alive ina MURUB 4 tam=hdri in the midst of battle OIP 2 32 iii 5,46 vi 18, and passim in Senn., also Streck Asb.74 ix 21, 88 x 90, etc., cf. nice RN ultuMURUB 4 tamhdri innabtunimma thepeople of Tammaritu fled from the midstof battle AfO 8 198:30 (Asb.).

g) other occ.: (uncert.) Jumma lamnumqd-ab-li-u id-ku(text -lu) -u-ma CT 5 6:71(OB), see Pettinato Olwahrsagung 2 24.

2. hips, loins, waist- a) of humanbeings or gods - 1' in gen.: see Diri V,in lex. section; mur 7 .g ti.ti ib h&t.gal sa.sal lu.bi.kex(KID) u.me.ni.U r. i r : bidi pdndi qab-li 6apula 5aalli 5aameli Sudtu muSe'ma rub the shoulders,chest, hips, groin, (and) back of that manAfO 23 43 Section IV 9f. (fire inc.); Enkidufell into the pit made by the bull of heavenadi qab-li-§u up to his waist Gilg. VI130; k[uriz(?)] ana qa-ab-li-tu-nu li[kunu]ARM 1 28:32; [q]d-ab-li-§a itezih ikarrabshe girded her loins to speak the blessingLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 286; qulmd inaMURUB 4 -6i tasannip you bind an axe tohis hips LKA 120:10 (namburbi); (stones) inaMURUB 4 -u tarakkas you tie to her hipsRA 18 164:4 (rit.), AMT 62,3:20, and passim;

qablu Aina MURUB 4.ME§.MU Sipdtuunu raksaaround my hips their (the sheep's) woolis tied KAR 236 r. 17, see Biggs gaziga p. 30;you make 14 knots in the cord SAL inaMURUB 4 -d GAR-an and the woman putsit on her hips RA 18 22 ii 13; if the new-born babies MURUB 4 -Zi-nu la ibad haveno waists Leichty Izbu II 43, cf. (Siamesetwins) ina MURUB 4 -u-nu i tenma ibid. 31;7 pa-an-ti-ia 7 qd-ab-li-la HS 1879:15(courtesy W. von Soden); lerrum Si [ina q]a-ab-li-§u nakisma (the body of) that babywas severed at the waist ARM 6 43:9;edlu lippeti MURUB 4-d let her locked hipsbe opened (in childbirth) Kocher BAM248 ii 50; iabat MURUB 4 GI §(?).KUN(?)gi Sa inabat er'dni (the disease) seizedthe hips, the loins, the thigh, it seized thearteries Studies Landsberger 285:3 (MA inc.),cf. isbat. . . qab-la rapatu u aSalli KocherBAM 124 iv 19, also STT 136 iv 12, CT 23 11:38and parallel 4:17, wr. MURUB 4 .ME STT 273i 6, cf. itbat qa-ab-li i [.. .] KBo 1 18 i 5(inc.); emid ardata MURUB 4 -Sd iddi (thedemon) came close to the girl andstruck(?) her hips AfO 17 358:12; ib.mugig. ga : qab-la-a-a marsa my hips areaching (in broken context) KAR 375 iv51 f.; he must not cross an irrigated field,or murug MURUB 4 GAL-A an illness ofthe loins will befall him Iraq 21 50:35,also 52:40 (hemer.); qa-ab-la-Su is-si-qi his(the messenger's) hips became ....ARM 1 21:8; in transferred mng.: qa-bal-Su imqussuma (for hattu imqussuma?) lib=ba4u qabitma itarrura iddu his hips"fell," his heart was seized (by fear), hislegs trembled Borger Esarh. 102 II i 2.

2' in med.: 6umma amelu MURUB 4.ME -ui ikkalau if a man's hips hurt himJNES 33 336:1, 337:30 (med. comm.), also LabatTDP 106 iii 36ff., AMT 43,6:1, 52,6:6, ammdtuu MURUB 4- iU u SepS U iSteniSikkaluu his forearms, his waist, and hisfeet all hurt him Labat TDP 88:17; MURUB 4.ME§-i GIG his hips are ailing AMT 63,1:4;Summa muru MURUB 4 maruma if he

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suffers from a disease of the loins LabatTDP 162:54, cf. MURUB 4.ME§-? . . . TAG.GA.ME -ti AMT 60,1 ii 22; 6umma marqu... MURUB 4 - 6u ul ia[hhizta Labat Suse11 v 7; Summa . .. MURUB 4.ME -i IL.MELabat TDP 124 iii 25; itu uppi ahiu adiMURUB 4- Ui from his clavicle to his waistibid. 88:14, cf. iS[tu qaq] qadiu adi MURUB 4 -§i ibid. 28:86ff.; ana Ser'an MURUB 4 lubbuki (see labdku mng. 2b) AMT 69,8:15,cf. ibid. 11; medications for MURUB 4.ME§at(ate STT 92 iii 28, also MURUB 4 .MEGIG.ME§ ibid. 29ff.

3' qabla rakdsu to gird, to equip:ina huan qatnu MURUB 4.ME -i rakis heis girt with a narrow belt UVB 15 40 r. 4,also 5 and 7 (NB rit.); kc a arru EN-idMURUB 4 .ME S-i irakkasuma when theking, my lord, girds himself LandsbergerBrief 8:15 (NB); UD.22.KAM qa-ab-li ir-rak-ka-sa on the 22nd day (the king) willbe girt ABL 379:14 (NA); for idiomaticuse see rakdsu, for rikis qabli "equipment,outfit" see riksu, note the writing ri-kisqab-ri Nbn. 344:17.

4' qablapatfru to loosen one's clothing,to undress: S2 iptur MURUB 4 -5i ... ihtarma TTG [.. .] Gilg. X iv 9; 2-z ina libbitatti qab-li fa Marduk ip-pa-ta-ra twicea year Marduk's garments are removedABL 951 r. 2 (NA); for idiomatic use seepatdru.

5' clothing for the hips: misarrum anaqd-ab-li-ia hami4 ubdndtim arik the girdlefor my waist is five fingers too long TCL17 62:27 (OB let.), cf. miserru ana MURUB 4 -Su BMS 53:17, also STT 251:11; X GADA.§A.GA.DtT Sa qd-ab-li-Ju YOS 5 222:8 (OB);ittabal 6ibbu aban alddi a MURUB 4 .ME § -adhe took away the girdle of birth stonesfrom her hips CT 15 46:54, cf. ibid. 55 and 47r. 41 (SB Descent of Itar); NA 4.GUG.ME§ ma&dMURUB 4 .ME§-a-a my hips are full ofcarnelians KAR 71 r. 19; ilram a-qd-db-li-a Sdmamma buy a belt for my hipsVAT 9237:13 (OA); Sakuttam(?) ana qd-db-

qablu Ali-kd nal'unikkum they bring you jewelryfor your hips HUCA 39 32 L 29-573 case 10(OA); 1 IB.LA Sa qa-ab-li ultebil (seenebehu A) Ugaritica 5 48:16; saga MURUB 4 -Ju irakkusu they .will tie a sagu clotharound his hips AfO 17 288:107 (MA haremedicts).

b) of animals: Summa izbu 2-ma... inaMURUB 4 -1i DIB.DIB if there are two mal-formed animals and they are joined at thehips Leichty Izbu VI 16; MURUB 4-Su. qatin(var. MURUB 4 .ME -ui qatnu) (if a sheep's)hips are narrow CT 31 30:4, CT 28 14K.9166:4 (behavior of sacrificial lamb), var. fromCT 30 48 K.8044:4; if the king ana pans2sz lu ana MURUB 4 8 s2 lu ana EGIR 8s8simqut falls under the front of the horseor the middle of the horse or the rearof the horse CT 40 35:18 (SB Alu); 1 UDUqdb-la-su marama itbuhu they slaugh-tered one sheep whose loins were diseasedMAD 1 178:3 (OAkk.).

c) of figurines: the heart of a sheepina MURUB 4 §a almi ta4akkan you puton the hip of the figurine ZA 45 42:9(NA rit.); miser eri ina MURUB4-Sd-nu(figurines) with copper belts at theirwaists KAR 298:30, and passim in this text,cf. (with egeru) ibid. 27, etc.; ina qa-ab-l[i-Si-na] migru a uqni kuri (figurines of ducks)with .... of blue glass on their middlesAfO 18 304 ii 30 (MA inv.); [ina e]ri giim=mari qab-li-ii-nu [raks]u their hips aregirt with date palm fronds RAcc. 133:209;iWtu MURUB 4 -d adi kantappila ka[lbat](see kantappu) MIO 1 74:16 (SB).

3. trunk (of a date palm): Summagizimmaru ina MURUB 4 -d tardti naddt ifa date palm has base fronds on its trunkCT 41 16:7, also 8 (SB Alu).

4. belt: kunukkulu PN ina (GA qd-db-li-Ju ipturma iddinam PN took his sealfrom his belt and gave it to me CCT 59b:27; ina qd-db-l[i-Su] lirkusma let himtie in his belt (two minas of silver, etc.)

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KTS 10:35 (both OA); patr... a MURUB 4.ME§-id-nu ekim I took away the swordsfrom their belts OIP 2 46 vi 15 (Senn.), cf.patar parzilli MURUB 4-SU MVAG 21 82 r. 3(Kedorlaomer text); patar parzilli a ultuMURUB 4-1ii i88uhu the iron dagger whichhe had drawn from his belt TCL 12 117:6,also 3; 6 patra a qab-lu ibid. 114:4 (bothNB); MURUB 4 hurAfi Sa PN LUO.ID ADD806 r. 13, cf. (in broken context) ADD 868:1,897:13, MURUB 4 URUDU ADD 868:5.

5. nid qabli (a mode of tuning): seenidu mng. 7.

Ad mng. 2a-3': Oppenheim, Or. NS 14 239ff.;Landsberger Brief n. 145.

qablu A in Aa qabli s.; (a piece of ap-parel covering the hips or to wear aroundthe waist); wr. syll. and §a MURUB 4;RS, MA, NB.

TUiG ~d MURUB 4 Practical Vocabulary Assur277.

a) made of cloth: 1 TUG 9d qab-lu ki1 kaspu one §a qabli garment worth one(shekel of) silver BBSt. No. 7 i 24 (NB);1 TjG a MURUB 4 ... ultebil MRS 12 7:8;ToG Sd qab-lu TCL 9 117:9, cf. 1-en Sdqab-lu ibid. 11 (NB), TUG Sd MURUB 4Nbk. 183:7, Camb. 321:13, AfO 17 274:43 (MAharem edicts).

b) made of precious metal: 2 tapalSa qdb-li Kt.GI MRS 6 183 RS 16.146+ :8.

qablu B s. masc. and fem.; 1. battle,warfare, 2. catastrophe, quarrel; fromOB on; pl. qabl and qabldtu; wr. syll.and MURUB 4 (§EN.§EN LIH 60 i b 17,Hammurapi, (MiA ) §EN.§EN CH xliii 93,xliv 2); cf. muqtablu, qubbulu B.

§[e-e]n SEN = qd-ab-lum MSL 2 133 vii 58(Proto-Ea), cf. Ae-en §EN = qa-ab-lu(text -ru)Ea II 319; [Ae]-en EN = qab-lum S b I 227; [e-en] SEN = qab-lu, aSmu S' Voc. AF 3; [ e]n.[ien] = [qd-a]b-lu-[um], [e]n.en.sag.gi 4 .a= [qd-ab-lum J]a ma-h[a-ri] Proto-Izi I Bil. Sec-tion D i 29f.; Aen.Aen.sag.gi 4 .a = qab-lu lama4-ri Antagal VIII 21; [...] = [qa-b]al la ma-har, [...] = [qab-l]u d la im-mah-ha-rd Nabnitu

qablu BK 28f.; ki. en.en = [a-Sar qa]-ab-li, [a-tart]a-fhal-zi Kagal C 163f.

gu-a-na MA.SIG7 +KASKAL = qab-lum Sb II 287;qab-lum MA+KASKAL = [qab-lum] A VIII/4:80;[sa-bad] [aAxsIG7] = MIN (= [qab-lu]) A IV/4: 176;sa-ad GAxU, MIN (= sa-ad) GAXBAD, sa-bad GAxSIG7= qab-lum Ea IV 265ff.; u-la GAxu = qab-lumEa IV 241.

AMA.dINANNA a.da. mnmen.na [gig].bi.zaAu(text su).tag.ga.ginx(oIM) gen.gen.na us.s a.ab : ilat toemti kma melultu pass8 rede qab-lugoddess of discord, let the battle proceed like agame played with pawns RA 12 74:7f.; [dim.me.i]r mah.a m6 gen.gen.na ti.na ba.gu[b.ba] :[...] x ili a ina qab-lim u ta-ha-zidapni iz[zazzu] [.. .] of the gods who aggressivelytakes a stand in warfare BA 10/1 98 No. 19:6f.;[.. . mu.l]u me gen.Aen.na gig.tukul mu.un.sig.sig nir.gA[1] : [. .. ] ir-td a ina qab-limu ta-ha-zi tam-hu-u$ kak-ku e-te[l-let] K.8482:12f.(courtesy W. G. Lambert); [.. .].a gen.Aen.na gaba.nu.ru.gui : [ina ta-ha]-zi qa-bal-iiezziS ul im-mah-har his attack in war, being fierce,cannot be withstood BA 10/1 43 No. 25:11f.;dGIA.BAR hug.a Sen.ien.na mu.[...] : dGirruezzu ia qa-bal-Su x [...] 4R 24 No. 1:54f.;[me.]en. en.na [ma.r]a.an.sum : §EN.AENu Mi iddikkum (Itar) gave you battle and combatLIH 60 i 17 (= CT 21 40, Hammurapi); [dMu.ul].lil mB en.Sen.ta mu.un.na.da.K[. . .] :ana dMIN ina qab-li u ta-ha-zi me e ma da fxl[...] SBH p. 108 No. 56:39f., cf. ki me Sen.Aen.na : afar qab-li u ta-ha-zi 4R 12 r. 39f.;ki.a en. en.na ba.an.ak.a.a.ni : ana eretiqab-lu pulu (parallel: ana game tdhazi ilCu) StudiesAlbright 344:10; Aen.Aen.[na ... ] : qab-la id-fkal-[a] OECT 6 pl. 25 Rm. 2,151:2f.

gagan.men ab.Sab.ba gih f.ba.ni.in.[de] : beleku ina qab-lu alassima I am the Lady, Iam giving the battle cry ASKT p. 127:41f.

[d-dA-mu] = qd-ab-lum An VIII 27; ld-d-mu =qab-lu (between synonyms for tdhazu and faltu)Malku III 5; ap-luh-tum = qab-lum CT 18 10 iii 50;dir-dir-ru, id-dS-mu, a-na-an-tu, tu-qu-un-tu, te-lu-u, d4-ga-gu, d-gu-gu, sah-mal-tu, ip-pi-ru,a-dam-mu-u, tam-ha-ru, ka--u-Ju, a-li-tu, gd-ga-d-ti, te-gu-u, dab-du-u, a-nun-td, mit-hu-$u, ta-ha-zu= qab-lu LTBA 2 1 iv 40-58, dupl. 2:106-124.

1. battle, warfare - a) in gen. - 1' inhist.: ana uzzi MURUB4 -ia iA.hutuma ana

epzija iknuu fearing the fierceness ofmy battle, they submitted to me WeidnerTn. 3 No. 1 iii 9; RN Sa la agr2u ig-ra-an-ni ana qab-li RN, against whom I didnot start hostilities, started a fight with

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qablu Bme Bauer Asb. 2 87:28, restoration from Borger,AfO 17 346, cf. [hitt]u iht(ma ig-ra-an-niana [epei qab-li Lie Sar. 19, also mmitildni rabzti etiqma ana MURUB 4 U MAig-ra-ni KAH 2 84:50 (Adn. II); a matimaina larrdni kullat ndkiri la ishuru la i ndiqa-bal-4i mamman (I) whose battle noneamong all the enemy kings ever soughta second time Borger Esarh. 103:27; (As-surnasirpal) edu gapu Sa la idsannanuMURUB 4 -§U the strong tide whoseonslaught cannot be rivaled AKA 223:15;6arru . . . sdpinu qa-bal targigi the kingwho overwhelms the attack of the evil-doers AKA 52 iii 34 (Tigl. I); RN... arrudannu le ' MURUB 4 Weidner Tn. 14 No. 6:16,21 No. 12:24, cf. KAH 2 84:16 (Adn. II), AKA183 r. 2, 265 i 34, 385:130 (all Asn.); uAumgalqa-ab-li AOB 1 134:6 (Shalm. I); qd-ab-lumlibtari ina mdtiJu may battle be constantin his country RA 33 52 iii 20 (Jahdunlim).

2' in lit. - a' in gen.: anna mithurumf=ma §a qarrddi urram qd-ab-lam Ak-ka-deutarra now is the meeting of the warriorsface to face, tomorrow Akkad will resumethe battle RA 45 172:18 (OB), cf. (in fragm.context) qab-la VAS 12 193:3, 6, 19 (tartamehri) ; qd-ab-lum ir5ea ana bdbija thatbattle has come right up to my gateLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 48 I 110, also 46:81,83; qd-ab-lum ina libb[i] mdtim [...]fighting will [flare up] in the country YOS10 11 ii 1 (OB ext.), cf. [...]-lu qd-ab-liAallassu ileqqe ibid. 35:2; kullat dadmiqd-ab-la-ka im-ru-ur-ma (see mardru B)CT 15 4 ii 6 (OB lit.); irammum qd-ab-lumthe battle resounds RA 46 94:13 (OB Epicof Zu), cf. qab-lu-um-ma aj inih ukun litkaibid. 36 r. i 8 and 38 r. i 31 (SB recension),dupl. STT 21:105 and 127; Itar belet teiede-ka-su ana MURUB 4 LKA 63 r. 7 (MA lit.),cf. ibid. obv. 10, RA 46 28:3, parallel RA 46 90:54(OB Epic of Zu), also Streck Asb. 14 ii 25, allcited dekl mng. 2b-2'; ina tb qa-ab-li atthe onslaught of the battle AfO 7 281 r. 5(Tn.-Epic); Adad ddpinu aj ine' qa-bal-kaheroic Adad, your onslaught shall not turn

qablu Bback CT 15 39 ii 35, cf. (said of Sara) ibid.40 iii 9; muttabbilu sibittam qd-ab-li (Nin-girsu) who leads the seven battles at onceRA 46 90:38 and 40 (OB Epic of Zu), cf. ibid.30:30, cf. also muttabbila qab-la anunteRA 51108:14 (SB recension); Sarru ztanaddaruqa-bal-k[a] the kings fear your battleTn.-Epic "ii" 11, cf. ibid. "iii" 19; tattakpimdtam qd-ba-al-iu his battle .... theland BiOr 30 361:35 (OB lit.), cf. qa-bal-kaau-ru-mat gimir mdtitdn K.3887:16, citedLambert, BiOr 30 363; adi zuharrdtu endjaMURUB 4 -ka it-<ta>-na-ta-la §agalta uttduntil my .... eyes view your battle (and)find carnage (only) Tn.-Epic "iv" 18; i-sar-raq(?, text -rum) Enlil qa-ab-la-at ajdbiEnlil disperses (?) the enemy's attack ibid."ii" 26, cf. ukin eliunu namungat MURUB 4ibid. 28; qa-bal-ka e taddi do not evadebattle ibid. "iii" 31; kdpid ana qa-ab-liplanning battle ibid. "iv" 21, cf. uarriMURUB 4 ibid. "ii" 33, cf. LKA 62:5, etc., citedkapddu mng. la-l', cf. epu qab-lam BiOr28 14ii 14; haSthda akii d lamiiu qab-lu the dis-tressed, the weak, surrounded by battleSTT 70:4, see Lambert, RA 53 132, cf. lamqab-lu ana miutu 6ilukuma those who wereexposed to death in the midst of battle(pronounced your name) JRAS Cent. Supp.pl. 3 r. 1 (SB); a ina q[ab]-lu la [zJmtituimdt ina 6ipfi he who did not die in battlewill die from pestilence Cagni Erra IV 76;kima qab-li eli n[i4e ib]d'u [.. .] Gilg. XI110, cf. [kima qd-ab-l]i eli nif ibd' ka~iuthe might (of the flood) swept over thepeople like an attack Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 94 III iii 12, parallel 124 U r. 19; liblidGI§.BAR linuh qab-lum may the fire diedown, may the battle abate CT 2311:33, cf.qd-ab-la-tim ubelli I put an end to warsCH xl 32; iJdtumma i dtu [i]Sdt me h iSdtqab-li fire, fire, the fire of the storm, thefire of the battle (came out from the depthof the forest) AfO 23 40:6, 41:19, parallel LKU59:8; ina teS qa-bal (var. MURUB 4) mit[i]in mortal combat Lambert BWL 136:185(hymn to Samas); Marduk Qingu gaSrutkaaz-zak-ru(-)[...] mi-ri-i qa-bal MU-ka

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qablu Bni-ba-a ul [. . .] 0 Marduk, your strengthis Qingu, which I named(?) [...], ..... thebattle(?) of your name [has] no one toname(?) (it) (uncert.) K. 2523 r. 6 and 8.

b' referring to gods: Itar muAarrihatMURUB 4.ME§-te Ihtar, who proudly doesbattle AKA 29 i 14 (Tigl. I), cf. §a melulaqab-lum Craig ABRT 1 55 i 4; DN... §akakkau la immahharu qa-bal-u dannuZababa, whose weapon cannot be with-stood, whose battle is mighty VAB 4 186iii 87 (Nbk.), cf. RA 11 113 ii 18 (Nbn.); MUL.KAK.SI.SA ... mu~dlil qab-li (vars. qab-rim, MURUB 4) (see aldlu B mng. 2a)STT 215 i 65, vars. from KAR 76:14, KAR 88fragm. 3 obv.(!) i 10; for other refs. seemahdru mngs. 3a-1 ', 13c.

b) beside tdhazu-1' in hist: Janinaina MURUB 4 U mahira ina M la ildkuI (the king) do not have an equal in battleor a rival in combat AKA 34 i 57, cf.(ia) muniha ina MURUB 4 anina ina MEla ia AKA 63 iv 48 (both Tigl. I); the kinga . . . ina qab-li u ta-ha-zi la emuru

munihhu who met none in war andbattle who could subdue him Lyon Sar.2:8, 21:19, and passim in Sar.; ulammiduinniepeS MURUB 4 U ME dikt ananti theytaught me to wage war and battle, to setthe fighting in motion Streck Asb. 210:13;ana epi~ MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zi (var. ME) luizzizunimma in order to wage war andbattle they took their stand against meAKA 76 v 85 (Tigl. I), cf. Weidner Tn. 12 No.5:39; ana epeS MURUB 4 u ta-ha-zi ikunapaniu he started to make war and dobattle 1R 29 i 44 (8amSi-Adad V); pithallu4umduiti ana epeS MURUB 4 U ME ana irtijaidkld WO 1 460:67, cf. ana epe MURUB 4u ME ana irtija itbini WO 1 466:63, WO 2414 iii 1, and passim in Shalm. III, also 1R 31iv 40 ( famti-Adad V), Lie Sar. 53, Winckler Sar.pl. 31 No. 65:25, AKA 303 ii 25, 351 iii 17,356 iii 35 (all Asn.); [. . .] x epeS MURUB 4 UMf ddiqu ibbalkituni [my troops?]climbed over the siege wall to do battleBorger Esarh. 104 ii 8, cf. (in broken context)

qablu BADD 650:21 (AgAur-etel-ilani), see Postgate RoyalGrants No. 13; IStar was favorably inclinedtoward me epeS MURUB 4 U Mt libbalaub-la-ma and she was keen on wagingwar AKA 267 i 38 (Asn.); ema MURUB 4 UMf.ME afar uoammaru Qumrdt [lib]bijalu u-<Sd>-ak-Si-da-ni wherever in battleor war I strive (for victory), may he(Ninurta) help me to attain my heart'sdesire AKA 211:26 (Asn.), cf. kak MURUB 4u ME mulld qdtulSu entrust him withweapons of warfare LKA 31 r. 17, see AfO13 211:39; ina MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zi Aalmilittarruni may they guide me safely inbattle and in war AKA 103 viii 29 (Tigl. I);ina qab-lu u ta-ha-zi iddja itashurma kullatndkirija lumz kulbdbi4 in war and battletake your stand at my side so that I maysquash all my enemies like ants(addressing IStar) Borger Esarh. 76:19;[MUR]UB 4 U ME tufarrdnnima you havestarted war and battle against me ibid.104 i 32; ina aS me MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zudi'u 6ibi lipit Irra mitdni (may the godslisten to your prayer) in battle, attack,and combat, during (epidemics of)di'udisease, plague, and pestilence, the afflic-tion of Irra Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 27;em qa-ab-li u ta-ha-zi kakkiu luebbiruin every battle and fight may they (thegods) break his weapons Weidner Tn. 29No. 16:139, and see 4R 12, in lex. section;note afar MfE U EN.§EN kakkaSu lilbirmay she (Itar) shatter his weapons on thefield of battle and fight CH xliv 2; Itar... ina MURUB 4 U ME id du aj illik mayIMtar not help him in war and battleCT 36 7 ii 27 (Kurigalzu I), cf. Nabonidusa . . . Nergal .. . ina qd-ab-lu u ta-ha-zi

il-li-ki id du VAB 4 234 i 21 (Nbn.); emaqa-ab-li u ta-ha-zi lu re~i tukultija Mardukattama you, Marduk, be my support inevery battle and war VAB 4 84 No. 5 ii 23(Nbk.); balu qab-li u ta-ha-zi uleribaS qerebGN aliu (Marduk) let him enter his cityof Babylon without a battle or attack5R 35:17 (Cyr.); note beside kakku andtdhazu: GI§.TUKUL MURUB 4 (var. qab-la)

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qablu B

u Mi (var. ta-ha-za) ittija lu ipuSu theymade war, battle, and assault against meAKA 50 iii 21 (Tigl. I), cf. GI§.TUKUL MURUB 4u Mi itti dbe ... a RN ippuS PRT 128r. 7, Knudtzon Gebete 68 r. 13, 153 r. 9; anaepeS GI§.TUKUL.ME§ MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zi(var. ME) AKA 53 iii 49, cf. 67 iv 86 (Tigl. I),Knudtzon Gebete 4:5, 48:8, 70 r. 8, lu ina epeGIA.TUKUL MURUB 4 U ME Knudtzon Gebete1:7, 12:8, 17:5, 150 r. 10, PRT 1:8, 10:6, etc.,see also kakku mng. 2b, cf. ana epeSMURUB 4 GI§.TUKUL.ME U MA StreckAsb.8 i 79, also 168 r. 25.

2' in lit. and omens: anumma tisiatuqumtam ta-ha-za i niblula qd-ab-la-amnow call for arms, let us mingle in warand battle Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 46 I 62;1tal--ha-zi amirma qab-lu(var. -lum) kul=lum he (Enkidu) is used to battle andexperienced in (the art of) warfare Gilg.III i 8; melili qab-lu me[lili] ME LambertLove Lyrics 104:16; nakru ina ME MURUB 4(var. Mf t eri) igerr[dnni] CT 28 46K.8100:15, var. from ibid. 48:3, cf. (in brokencontext) ana MURUB 4 U Mi DU CT 30 20Rm. 570 r. ii 2 (both SB ext.); adi garrutiSuME u qab-lum ul ipparrasu during hisreign battle and war will not cease BiOr28 14 iv 7; ina fami qab-li ME dannu ualdk [,eri ... ] in war, strife, mightybattle, and campaigning JAOS 88 127 ii b 24.

c) beside other terms for battle: qa-ab-lu u ippiru isinnani fighting andstruggle are our festivals Tn.-Epic "ii" 4,cf. (in broken context) qab-li u tu-q[u-un-ti] Lambert BWL 184 K.8199:2.

d) qualifying a preceding noun - 1'alone: Nun.nir = MIN (= dNin-urta) Saqab-li CT 25 11:28, cf. Ne r g al = Marduk§a qab-lu CT 24 50 BM 47406:4; IStar beletMURUB 4 epiat ananti Craig ABRT 1 81:17(tamtu), belet qab-li 8urpu VIII 22, betetqab-la-ral-[ti] KAR 38:12, see Or. NS 39 124;Imina urdn MURUB 4 AKA 19:5 (A§tur-rei-iii I); (Itar) gerdt qab-li KAR 57 ii 16;(Adad) EN qab-la-ti Ebeling Handerhebung

qablu B98:23; §aiMar tuqmdtim patar qd-ab-li eidtuqumtim amanden tamhdrim ... dBIL.GI

ezzum a qd-ba-al-u neret the saw of thefights, the dagger of the battles, thereaper in the fight, the amandenu of theclose fighting, 0 fierce Girru whose battleis deadly JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 8 v 16 and20 (OB lit.).

2' beside synonyms: (IStar) belet Mii SEN. EN lady of warfare CH xliii 93,

cf. (Igtar) betat MURUB 4 U ME WO 1456 i 7 (Shalm. III), also AKA 188 r. 29 (Asn.),also EN (var. belet) MURUB 4 MI WisemanTreaties 453, belet MURUB 4 U ME KAH 284:97 (Adn. II), and passim in Asn., Shalm. III,and Esarh.; (Itar) ilat MURUB 4 U ta-ha-ziBorger Esarh. 75:4, note d I-tar MURUB 4be-lat ta-ha-zi BA 5 651 No. 15:25 (hymn ofAsb.), also Streck Asb. 190:15; (Ninurta) beMURUB 4 U ME WO 2 28 i 4 (Shalm. III),(Nergal) be qab-li u ta-ha-zi BBSt. No. 9ii 4, (Ninazu) be-lum qab-lu u Mf Or.NS 36 118:52 (hymn to Gula); mannummi [belqd]-ab-lim mannum[mi be ta-h]a-zi whowants to go to battle, who wants to leavefor war? Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 50 I 128 f.

e) qualifying a preceding adj.: thehorse na'id qab-li glorious in battleLambert BWL 177:24, cf. 180:13, parallel Gilg.VI 53, cf. (the king) na'id qab-li (var.MURUB 4 ) U ME OIP 2 136:21, var. from 144:7(Senn.); dlik pan iunu mudut qab-li theirleaders, expert in battle TCL 3 175 (Sar.);muddl qab-li §a-d-me ta-ha-zi (king)experienced in all kinds of warfare BorgerEsarh. 103:10, cf. mundah4i epiS MURUB 4u ta-ha-zi ibid. 106 iii 14; §arru le-'u-iMURUB 4 U Mf ibid. 8 § 5:1.

2. catastrophe, quarrel - a) catas-trophe: ana hulluq ni zja qab-la aqbima(how could I have ordered such evil in theassembly of the gods) how could I haveordered (such a) catastrophe (referring tothe flood) to destroy my people? Gilg.XI 121, ittarak mefyh abibu qab-la (emendpossibly to ik-la, cf. line 131, cited kalh v.

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qablu Cmng. 5a) Gilg. XI 129; t&retika uzabi qd-a[b-la] at your decree I set the catas-trophe in motion Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis104 III viii 12.

b) quarrel: ina qab-lu am I heardduring a quarrel (uncert.) CT 22 114:8(NB let.).

For RA 38 31 (= 5R 48 vi) 8, see gerl.

qablu C s.; grove(?); NA; wr. syll.(also with det. GIg) and GI§.MURUB 4.

1 qab-lu GIg arbi[ti] one poplargrove(?) Johns Doomsday Book 2 iii 12, also20:10, cf. (of other trees) ibid. 1 ii 43, 8 viii 4,wr. GIg qab-lu ibid. 5 viii 19; ma$qar qabligrove watchman ibid. 1 ii 39; gug6re dam=qute final GI§.MURUB 4.ME nuramma wewill leave good (quality) logs in the grovesABL 484 r. 10, cf. ina GIS.MURUB 4.ME§ . . .guure ... inakkisu ABL 507 r. 5; kirqab-lu udtu zarpu laqiu this orchard andgrove are bought and taken ADD 444:16;A.SA qab-lu a alldn a grove of oak treesADD 444:6; 1 qab-lu a GN ABL 574:6 andpassim in this text, also ADD 778:7 ff.; kireGI§.MURUB 4.ME§ ADD 751:3; (e-hi qab-liadjacent to a grove ADD 360:4.

Fales Censimenti 19.

qablu (qabliu, fem. qablitu) adj.; 1. mid,middle, median, mean, 2. of mediumquality; from OAkk. on; wr. syll. andMURUB 4 mostly with phon. complement;cf. qablu A.

gig.erin = gi-il-ri-in-nu, gis.erin.gab =qab-lu-u, gil.erin.lub.bi = MIN Hh. VI 108ff.;[bi]-e BI = at-ta fu-a-ti ma-ru-ril MURUB 4 -ic S a

Voc. F 9f.; [sig.bal.bal] = hab-ad-na-a-ti =qa-ba-l[a-ti] Hg. C II 2, in MSL 10 139; [gud.murub 4.ba] = [q]ab-lu-u Hh. XIII 289; umbin.murub 4.mu = i-ba-ni fqd-ab-lil-[tum] Ugumu Bil.Section D 25, in MSL 9 69.

sI DUR // e-lu-u MURUB 4 - AfO 24 79:10, cf.DUn / MURUB 4 -t ibid. 1 (gramm. comm.); ub =ana-ku u-dis-hur-tum ma-li-td MURUB 4 -tui NBGT I85, also, wr. MURUB 4 .TA passim in NBGT I and II.

1. mid, middle, median, mean - a) inspatial descriptions: [Sin u Nergal in]ag=

qablfjaru ergeti qab-li-td Sin and Nergal willguard the middle world Lambert-MillardAtra-hasis 118 r. ii 3 and 10, cf. iqquru erjetuqab-li-t ibid. 120 r. ii 33; gamu MURUB 4-tiNA4 .SAG.GIL.MUD 5a Igigi the middleheaven, of saggilmud stone, is (that) of theIgigu gods KAR 307:31, cf. ibid. 35, wr.MURUB 4-tum AfO 19 110 iv 21, see Landsberger,JCS 21 154; in ndrim qdb-li-tim at the riverin between (I defeated them) AfO 20 63 xxiii16, 67 xxv 56 (RimuS); x land ina ugdrimMURUB 4 (var. qd-ab-li-im) CT 47 58a:5 (OBleg.), var. from ibid. 58:5 (tablet), cf. ina GNugdrim qdb-li-i §a nadit Sama ibid. 62a:2(case), cf. ibid. 8, wr. MURUB 4 ibid. 62:7(tablet); putu MURUB4 -tim the middle side(between putu elitu and putu aplitu, de-scribing a building plot for a palace) oIP2 100:50, also 102:77, putu qab-li-tum §anituibid. 78 (Senn.); ultu bdbi §a PN adi mutzrtiqa-ab-li-i-ti maquartu a PN2 (see mutirtumng. 1) BE 14 129:3, also, wr. qd-[ab]-la-ti PBS 1/2 44:4 (both MB); ultu mu an.nitu qab-li-tum 9aPN from the middle dambelonging to PN TCL 13 223:6 (NB), cf.irritum qa-ab-li-tum (for context see irritumng. 2) ARM 6 1:17 and 24; see also qutdnuA; bdbu qa-ab-li-u u igdra .. . pu§ I builtthe middle gate and the wall AOB 1 98:7(Adn. I); ana maknakim qd-db-lim to theinner sealed room CCT 4 7c: 16 (OA); youbring three tables pauilra MURUB 4 -a ana

ama u A dad the center table for Samagand Adad (followed by the right and lefttables) BBR No. 1-20:103, also 112; anapanriksi MURUB 4 -i BBR No. 26 v 77; ,idduelu iltanu DA alkuttu qab-li-tum VDI 54/4(1955) 164 No. 2:15 (NB); 13 tallum qd-ab-lu-u-um illiakkum 13 will result for youas the middle dividing line MCT 45 B 16,cf. tallam qd-ab-li-a-am ibid. 17 and r. 7,talli qd-ab-lu-u ki magi how long is mymiddle dividing line? MCT 44 B 3; for"middle" oxen, i.e., oxen yoked in themiddle of a team of six, see Hh. XIII 289,in lex. section, and see alpu mng. lb-1';idi GuD.AB MURUB 4 3 9E.GUR ana beliuinaddin he will pay three gur of barley

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qablfito its owner as rent for a middle ox (inthe team) CH § 243:89.

b) referring to the middle finger ortoe: 6umma zuqqipu ubna MURUB 4 SaSep im[itti .. ,] if a scorpion [stings] themiddle toe of his right foot CT 38 37K. 11746:6f., also ibid. K.3070+ :23 and 28 (SBAlu); see also Ugumu, in lex. section.

c) referring to parts of the exta - 1'to the middle lobe of the sheep's lung:umma ubdn taSim qd-ab-li-tum ibbalkitma

if the middle "finger" of the lung is dis-placed YOS 10 5:2; ubdn hagim qd-ab-li-turn idSda lumelam patra ibid. 8:17 and34 (OB ext. report), also RA 38 85:13, ARM5 65:34, wr. §U.SI HAR MURUB 4 JCS 11 98No. 6:11, Finkelstein Mem. Vol. 201:11 (OB), BE14 4:8 (MB), KBo 9 56:6 and 9; Summa ubdnha i MURUB4 imitta u umela 3.TA.AMpatrat if the middle "finger" of the lungis split in three on the right and leftKAR 151 r. 26, also KAR 153 obv.(!) 19ff., andpassim in these texts, also CT 20 45 ii 13; ummaubdn haSi MURUB 4 ii8su uSSur if thebase of the middle "finger" of the lungis loose VAB 4 266 ii 17 (Nbn.), PRT 130:5,138:12; omitting hau: Summa Qer imittiubdni qgr umet ubdni qr ubdni MURUB4patir CT 20 45 ii 8, and passim, see Qeru Amng. lb; ina Qerim qd-ab-li-i a ubdnimon the middle ridge of the "finger" RA38 86 r. 15 (OB ext. prayer), cf. YOS 10 7:4 (OBext. report).

2' other occs.: umma paddnu 3-maMURUB4-4 kuri if there are three "paths"and the middle one is short CT 20 19K.10459 ii 10, 25 K.11826:6, KAR 451:6, alsoTCL 6 5 r. 6; gumma pitir umeli 3-maMURUB 4 -i Qeher if there are three looseparts on the left side and the middle oneis small CT 20 43 i 38, also (with rabi) 39f.;(abullu) anttu ina muhhi EDIN MURUB4

Jaknat KAR 426:6.

d) referring to time: MURUB 4 -timthe middle (extispicy) (between IoI-ti first

qabruand fd-lul-ti third) PRT 4 r. 10; for themiddle watch of the night see qablitu s.

e) referring to grammatical infixes:see Sa Voc., AfO 24, NBGT, in lex. section,cf. nigin murub 4.bi : ushurta qab-<li>-ta (among gramm. terms) ZA 64142:16.

f) mean value: x MURUB 4 -u x, themean (value) Neugebauer ACT p. 486b (astron.procedure texts).

2. of medium quality-a) said of tex-tiles: 1 TUG kutdnam qd-db-li-am anaPN... naS'akkindti CCT 3 31:4, 50 kutdnuqd-db-li--tum CCT 2 46a:8, also CCT 6 45b: 10,TCL 19 69:16, BIN 6 131:4; 2 TfTG qd-db-li-u-tum OIP 27 11:2, also Chantre 10:3, 14r. 3, CCT 2 25:24, AnOr 6 pl. 4 No. 13:10;[ku]tdnu qd-db-li-um BIN 6 64:19 (all OA);see also (referring to wool) Hg. C II 2,in lex. section.

b) other occs.: 12 KA§ qdb-li-umDUG RTC 111:2 (OAkk.); x SIM qd-ab-li-umunpub. OAkk., cited MAD 3 224; 184 mazhuina uttati qab-li-tum 184 measures ofmedium-quality barley BIN 2 124:3, cf. 65maz4<hi> ka-<re>-e qab-lu-u Camb. 441:3;1 qab-lu-u a 5 ina 1 ammati arki one(beam) of medium quality which is fivecubits long VAS 6 148:3 (all NB); see also(said of scales) Hh. VI 109, in lex. section,cf. [.. .] GIE.ERIN.GAB UD.KA.BAR UET 5119:18 (OB).

Ad mng. 2: Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 196f.

qabru s.; grave; OB, SB; wr. syll. andURUGAL(ABXGAL); cf. qeberu.

AB XQALqd-ab-rum (text -lurn), AB XGALer #e-tum Proto-Izi I 386; ABXGAL g al, ABXKI.ki = qa-ab-ru NabnituXXIII 210f.; u-ru-gal ABXGAL = qab-ru S b II 190;[u-ru-gal] [URUxx] = er-ge-tum, qd-ab-rum AVI/4:32f.; 6i-ru-gal ABXE = [q]ab-ru(text -lu), MINABXGAL = [MIN] Ea IV 161f.; [6-ru-gal] [ABXE§],[ABXGAL] = qab-rum(text -lum) A IV/3: 104 f.; [i-ri-gal] FABXGAL1 = [qa-ab-ru] Emesal Voc. II 5;si.gi. ABXGAL = pa-te-e qab-r[i] Antagal VIII 1.ii u = qaq-qa-rum, zi- I qab-rum, bi-tum A

II/4:30 ff.

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qabrudingir.dib.dib.bi.e.ne urugal.la.[ta]

im. t a. 6. a. [m e A] : ilu kamuti itu qab-rim ittainithe captive gods have emerged from the graveCT 17 37: f., cf. ibid. Sm. 291:9f.; ab.urugal.[ta nam. <mu.un.da.ku 4 .ku 4 .d>] : [ina ap]tiqab-rim MIN (= la terrubu) you shall not enter it(the house) through the opening of a grave ASKTp. 92-93:28, see AOAT 1 10:173; gul.gul.[la](var. MI.MI) nim.gir.ginx(GIM) gir.gir.re.e.ne(var. mu.un.gir.gir.re.e.ne) gul.gul.[la](var. MI.MI.ga) A urugal.ta h6.ni.ib.KS.re.e. d e : .a ina ikleti kma birqi ittanabriqu ina ikleti(var. adds ina) qereb qab-rim(var. -li) likluAu letthem shut up in the darkness of the grave (thedemons) who flash through the darkness likelightning CT 17 36:84 ff., restoration and vars. fromdupl. KAR 46:17-20 and ZA 30 189:17-20; dnam.tar udug.gal urugal.la. kur nu.gi 4.gi 4.kex(K9D) : dMIN utukku rabUi a qab-ri erpeti la tdriNamtar, great utukku demon of the grave, theland of no return STT 173:1f.; udug.edin.naudug.hur.sag.gA udug.a.ab.ba udug.urugal.la.ke : utuk Seri utuk adf utuk tdmti utukqab-ri(var. -rim) -utukku demon of the steppe,utukku demon of the mountain, utukku demon ofthe sea, utukku demon of the grave ASKT p. 82-83:3, seeAOAT 1 3:3; urugal.la.s6 ka.a mu.ni.in.rxl.[x] : ina qab-rim(var. -ri) bdbu iptuthey opened the door in the grave UET 6/2392:12, dupl. CT 16 9:9f., Akk. cited with comm.as: ina qab-ri bdbi ipt ma ina erseti bdbi iptetuLKA 82:12; e.ne.da nu.m[e].a lu.urugal.e.de nig.ku n[u.um].pa.da.e.ne : a ina balituana dridu qab-ri la uktall[amu] taklimu (Rama )without whom those who descend into the graveare not given a funerary offering UVB 15 36:13.

[U // u-ba]-nu // v /I qa-ab-ru Hunger Uruk27:12; ni-iq me-e // a-rad qd-ab-[ril Craig AAT90 K.2892:20 (coll. W. G. Lambert); ki-mu-utSIPA pe-te-e qd-ab-<ri> ibid. r. 1.

a) in gen.: balum [qa] -ab-ri-u [inapani p]il4im iqqabbir he will be buriedat the breach without a (proper) graveGoetze LE § 60:36, see Landsberger, David AV102; Suziba napiJti ina dannate efra inaqab-rim(!) (you gods) spare my life fromoppression, save (me) from the grave!PBS 1/2 106:30, see ArOr 17/1 178; Mardukina qab-ri bulluta ile'i $arpdnitu inakarJSS etera amrat Marduk is able torestore life (to one) in the grave, $ar-panitu knows how to save (one) fromannihilation Lambert BWL 58:35 (Ludlul IV);[Sa i]ridu qab-ri atura ana KA.du[TU. ]

qab AI who went down to the grave havereturned to the Gate-of-the-Sunrise ibid.60:78; Nergal Enlil ergeti ina qab-ri lik=Idka STT 215 i 62, restored from unpub. dupl.(courtesy I. L. Finkel); SI.GI URUGAL K.2903+r. 9, with comm. SI.GI URUGAL pe-te-eqab-rim d4-i mutdni ACh IMtar 7:25.

b) in magic: 8a eper .epeja ina qab-ri(var. -rim) ulniZi (the adversaries) whoplaced in a grave dust (on which) myfeet (have stepped) RA 26 40:19, var. fromdupl. KAR 80:30, cf. .almdnija ina qab-rim uSnilu LKA 144:13, parallel KAR 92 r. 27,me napiltija ina qab-rim unnilu Maqlu I108, also ina qab-rim itmiru mia ibid. II184, see Af 21 73.

c) as abode of gods of death and ofdemons: en urugal.kex : bel qab-ri(Nergal) the lord of the grave ArOr 21388:53 and 55; dGIR.UNU.GAL = Nergal aqa-ab-ri CT 24 41:66 (list of gods); (the evildemons) [...]-Sd ana qab-rim(var. -ri)Farber IMtar und Dumuzi 136:164, see also CT17, STT 173, ASKT p. 82-83:3, in lex. section.

d) in the name of a plant: see gabruin imdi gabri.

The several variant spellings qablu(m)in lex. and bil. texts may point to anavoidance of this word, due to some taboo.

qabru see qebru.

qabsidu see qapsidu.

qabsu see qabaltu.

qabf A (qabd'u) s.; 1. speech, state-ment, 2. address (to a god), 3. promise,4. prognosis, prognostication, 5. order,say, permission(?), guarantee; from OBon; wr. syll. and DUG 4.GA; cf. qab v.

inim.dug 4.ga.ni = qa-ba-6u, inim.dug 4.ga.ni in.sum = MIN iddin, inim.dug 4 .ga.ni ba.an.sum = MIN ittadin, inim.dug 4 .ga.ni in.gar= MIN ilkun Ai. III ii 58 ff.

dUtu dug 4.ga gu.la nig nu.kir.ru [...] :dUTU §a rabid qa-bu-d la uttak[ [karu] §ama§, whose

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qabuf Asolemnly (given) order cannot be changed 5R 50ii 19f., see Borger, JCS 21 7:54.

A // i-i Jap-lu- II /d-niS qa-ba-a ti x [...](in an explanation of parts of the name dNa-na-a)BM 62741:13 (comm. to god list, courtesy W. G.Lambert).

1. speech, statement - a) in epic poetryfollowing direct speech: iAmUma anniamqd-ba-la (the gods) heard this speechof hers Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 60 I 244,cf. Gilg. Y. vi 285, EA 357:85 (Nergal and Ere§-kigal), RA 45 90:34 and 41 (OB Epic of Zu),Cagni Erra I 100, also imema Enkidu anndqa-bi-e IItar Gilg. VI 160; note in a non-lit. text: imema larru rabi annd qa-ba-u §a RN MRS 9 49 RS 17.340:15.

b) in other lit.: qulamma Semi qa-ba-a-a Cagni Erra I 106, V 17, cf. LambertBWL 72:26 (Theodicy); [. . .] Nergal anndqa-ba-a-i Nergal [made?] the followingspeech ZA 43 17:58 (SB), cf. imtagar qd-ba-ia Gilg. P. ii 24 (OB); qd-be-e qd-bu-u-um-ma ul eniakkim what I said stands,it does not change for you JCS 15 6 i 3(OB lit.); puhri sun etel qd-bu-u-la uitur(see etellu usage d-1') RA 22 171:1 (OBhymn).

c) in other texts: the assembly ofEanna qa-bu-u a fPN imma heard thedeposition of fPN YOS 6 154:12 (NB); agaqa-bu-u Sa akanna taq-ba-' umma YOS 348:6 (NB let.), qa-bu-um an-nu-um (inobscure context) Kraus, AbB 5 229:17.

2. address (to a god): ana n14 qdtijaqilamma ime qa-ba-a-a listen to myprayer, hear my address! Kocher BAM 332i 10; [an]a epe pi~u qila ana niS qdti uizizza mugra unninnlu imd qa-ba-a-IdOr. NS 36 128:191 (hymn to Gula), cf. iziz=zanimma imd qa-ba-a-a KAR 26:33, BMS12:59, and passim; qa-bu-u NU §E.GA ittiili ana amei akin the god has in storefor the man addressing (the god) butnot being heard KAR 427 r. 20 (SB ext.),cf. DUG4.GA u GIE.TUK Sakin[Su] AMT38,4 ii 14, qa-bu- u la 6e-mu-i iddalpanniBMS 11:3, 27:14; qa-ba-a emd 6ukna jdli

qabf ABMS 22:65, cf. also 6uknamma qa-ba-a umaga[ra] BMS 13:8, cf. Or. NS 39 113:19;for other refs. (also in the nuance ofmng. 5) see magdru mng. 4a and 4b;note the personal name DINGIR-Magir-qd-bu-Sa YOS 13 65:2 (OB).

3. promise: - a) with 6aklnu: anaSu-zu-zi-§u qd-ba-am i.-ku-un he (theguarantor) promised to produce himYOS 12 169:7, also TCL 1 192:5, wr. qd-ba-a-am YOS 13 28:17, cf. x silver a PNu PN2 qd-ba-am iS-ku-nu YOS 12 77:17,also YOS 13 329:5, kaspam Sa allumija qd-ba-a-am talkunu TCL 18 152:21, alsoawilum a qa-ba-am alkunuuum Sumer 1445 No. 21:6 (Harmal let.), cf. YOS 2 51:14 and29; [ana] ab-bu bi-tim aqbima ab-bu <bi>-ti-im qd-ba-am itaknu PBS 7 38:10; note:silver Sa aSum PN PN2 qd-ba-§u iS-ku-nuYOS 12 306:5; in Sum. formulation: dug 4 .ga.ni bi.in.gar PBS 8/1 101 iii 18, andsee Ai., in lex. section; ana 1 GAN eqlimwa4ur[im] belz ana mamman qa-ba-am laiaakkan my lord must not make a prom-ise to anyone to release even one ikuof land ARMT 13 125 r. 9'; the cultivatorsand the canal diggers qa-ba-am i4-ku-nu-nim ummami . . ina qa-b-e--Su-nu. ..t(mam mahar belija aSkunma gave me apromise saying (the work is not much),and upon their promise I informed mylord ARM 3 5:15; see also q bu mng. 2.

b) with naddnu: qd-ba-Su liddinma(in broken context) TIM 2 88:2, cf. inim.dug 4 .[ga.ni ba].an.sum.mu.uS Qig-Kizilyay-Kraus Nippur 16 r. 2, see Kraus, JCS3 140; see also naddnu mng. 2 (qabt).

c) other occs.: qa-bu-u en la naddnuSurpu VIII 71, cf. ibid. III 55, cf. also ibid. 39;DUG 4.GA u eniu akinu AMT 96,3:8, dupl.KAR 42:11, see Farber Iitar und Dumuzi p. 64.

4. prognosis, prognostication (variantof qib2, q.v.): may I learn your (thegods') decision qa-ba-a luSkun that Imay make a prognosis STT 73:116, see JNES19 35; ana nakri qd-ba-a talakkan you

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qabi Amay make a prognostication concerningthe enemy Leichty Izbu XI1, cf. bil mdt nakrituahharma qd-ba-a-am(var. omits -am)ilakkanku ibid. 2, qa-ba-a iakkanu MCT140 V 8 (ext.).

5. order, say, permission(?), guarantee- a) in gen.: 9a pzlca u qa-bi-ka lip[uS]let him act according to your orders ARM1 73:57; damiq inuma qa-be-e tusarraruis it good that you contest my orders?Sumer 14 28 No. 10:23 (OB Harmal let.); ki'majdti qd-be-e as if it were upon my ordersKraus AbB 1 95:9; of gods: ina qa-bi-ka-ma(var. qibitukka) utallada teneketi at yoursay men are born PBS 1/1 17:12, var. fromKAR 68:17, cf. ina qd-be-e Nana JCS 15 3i 15 (OB lit.), §arrum lu ddri ina qd-be-e-kiMIO 12 49:14 (OB lit.), cf. ina qa-bi-e SamaCT 51 195:3 (bit rimki); in personal names:Ina-qd-be-e-DN-ablut I-Got-Well-at-the-Word-of-Nabui YOS 13 456:10; I-na-qd-bi-'a-ab-lu-ut A 32118:15 (OB), cf. TCL 11224:26; Saniq-qd-be-e-dUTU YOS 13 171:7,and passim; of the king: [tup]piannm [in] aqa-bi-e arrim uSSbilakkim I am sendingyou (fem.) this letter of mine at the king'sbehest ARM 10 176:23, cf. ina qd-be-earrim a purakkum ARM 18 25:18, 26:26,

and passim; ina qa-be-e ar mi~ari HinkeKudurru ii 22; note: the king will conquerhis enemies mdssu ina DUG 4.GA-ii uabCT 4 6 Bu. 88-5-12,11 r. 15 (hemer.); mdtu anaqd-be-e SarriJa ullab the land will obeythe orders of its king Leichty Izbu VI 17,cf. mdtu ana qd(var. qa) -be-e Sarria iqdlibid. VIII 92; ana qa-be-e lipu (obscure)Hunger Kolophone 260:2.

b) ana (rarely ina) qabe-1' in letters:bel pdhatim [Sa] ana qa-bi-Su urpam . ..[i] aappaku arhil likSudamma let an officialon whose authorization they can store theice arrive here at once ARM 2 91 r. 8'; amtam

uadti ana qd-be-e awizim PN uei herented out that slave girl upon theorder (?) of the honorable PN TCL 18 102:25;ana qd-b-e mannim PN ina mdnahtibuuSreZu (see mdnahtu mng. 2b-1') TCL

qabi A

1 42:19, cf. ana qd-bi mannim ABIM 14:24,cf. also CT 29 22:12; ina qd-b-e awiimagpurakkum I am writing you at thebehest of the gentleman Kraus AbB 1 42:5,cf. YOS 2 54:6, TCL 7 54:11, TCL 18 103:11,CT 52 161:6; my lord has ordered (iqbima)the distribution of the irregular troopsina qd-bi belija az-zu-Az-zU-nu-1i-im inaccordance with my lord's order I havedistributed them YOS 2 92:15; ina qd-be-e-ia illikam he came at my behestKraus AbB 1 70:8, cf. 6ukutti quhdrtim§4ti ina qa-bi-ia uhammiqu (that) theystripped that woman of her jewelry at myorders (I know nothing about that) ARM 10114:19, ina qa-bi-iu waradka isiru CRRA18 61:18 (Mari let.); amminim ina qa-be-ePN tamkdram ubazzahu why do they pesterthe merchant at PN's say? OBT Tell Rimah165:2; qubdtum §a wardim §a ina qd-be-ebelija uterru VAS 16 66 r. 8.

2' in field leases: itti PN bel eqlima-na qd-bi-e PN2 PN3 tup$ar ERIN ana er:re4itim ... uegi PN3, the .... scribe,rented (a field) from PN, owner of thefield, on the guarantee(?) of PN2 SzlechterTJA 68 UMM H 2:8, also VAS 7 130:9, MeissnerBAP 74:17, CT 2 32:7, also, with ina qd-bi-ePBS 8/2 229:6; [iu~iit PN [ana] qd-bi-e PN[itti] PN PN2 iMakkum u PN3 ana erreitimana biltim . . . ue leased (field) of PN,on PN's guarantee(?), PN2, the tenantfarmer, and PN3 rented from PN for cultiva-tion against rent payment YOS 13 332:2;eqlum mala m[aq] i a-na qd-bi-e PN u PN2itti PN u PN2 PN3 ana biltim ... ueqiSzlechter TJA 61 FM 10:2; (a field of PN's)a-na qd-bi-e PN2 i4Makkim PN3 mu'ir Sdbbdb ekallim PN4 dpir GN u PN2 i66akkum... usii PN3, personnel manager for thepalace, PN4, governor of GN, and PN2, thetenant farmer, rented at the q. of PN2, thetenant farmer YOS 13 330:4.

3' in other leg. and adm.: 5a PN a-naqd-bi-e PN2 eli PN3 u PN4 i3i qdti PN3 u PN4nashatma PN3 and PN4 are quit of respon-sibility for (the x silver) which they owe

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qabi A

to PN with the guarantee(?) of PN2 (PN5will hand over the silver within five daysto the bearer of his (PN's?) tablet) VAS7 138:3; 12 ERIN be'rum a qdt PN §a anaamirtiSunu a-na qd-bi-e PN iebatu twelvemen (belonging to the) elite troops underthe authority of PN, who took possession(of fields) of their choosing upon theauthorization (?) of PN CT 45 52:29; (silver)itti PN abi ,dbim ana qd-bi-e PN2 PN 3 ilqeYOS 13 337:4, cf. ibid. 59:4, 218:5, 225:3, 226:3,Szlechter TJA 42 UMM H 32:4, 41 UMM G 4:4,25 UMM H 12:4, Meissner BAP 4:6, BE 6/1103:4, BE 6/2 116:4, PBS 8/2 238:4, EdzardTell ed-Der 31:2, VAS 7 119:4; PN TUR.[x]DAH PN2 TUR. [x] Uri a-na qd-bi-e PN3 uPN4 bakru PNs UGULA EN.NU HUB.BU PN,the .... , auxiliary (replacement for) PN2,a .... of Ur, under the authority (?) ofPN3 and PN4 , .... (of?) PNs, overseer of thehuppi watch Grant Smith College 271:3, alsoibid. 10; 2 eli[ppdtum] §a PN u PN2 maldha-na qd-bi-e PN3 UKU(?).U PN4 ... [zgur]PN4 rented two boats belonging to PN andPN2, the boatmen, upon the authoriza-tion(?) of PN3, the soldier(?) BE 6/1 110:5;barley and chick peas Sa PN abi ,dbima-na qd-bi-e PN2 DUMU.A.DUB.BA.A anaPN3 EGIR anaUD.10.KAM innadnu of PN's,the official in charge of personnel, weregiven for ten days to PN3, the EGIR, uponthe authorization (?) of PN2, the accountantYOS 13 66:3; (silver) Sa PN abi ~dbim anaqd-bi-e PN2 ana PN3 iddinu which PN, offi-cial in charge of personnel, gave to PN3 onthe authorization(?) of PN2 ibid. 428:4; xland, holdings of PN and PN2, deceasedrakb soldiers a-na qd-bi uRv(?) TCL 11145:4, cf. fields a a-na qd-bi-e KU x x [. . .]PN u ibit dlim illatru ibid. 155:17; (ahouse plot) Sa ... ana PN u PN2 ahiuPN3 i-na qd-bi dajdni iddinu which PN3at the order(?) of the judges gave to PNand PN2, his brother UET 5 252:21, cf.a-na qd-[bi daja]ni u [. . .]-tim ana PN uPN2 PN3 ulkn PN3 confirmed (x land) forPN and PN2 on the orders (?) of the judges (?)and [. . .] ibid. case 17a; PN declared to

qaba BPN2 and the kdru that those tablets werelost ril-[n]a qd-bi-e PN2 u kdr Sippar tup:pam anniam uballituma at the orders (?)of PN2 and the kdru of Sippar they putthis tablet into effect CT 47 63:62; i-naqd-bi-e larrim [ina MU] . . . [itti] PN . . .PN2 ina 6ewir kaspila i4dm PN2 boughtfrom PN (etc.) with her ring money (xfield which their (the sellers') father PNhad received from the palace in year x)with the permission(?) of the king in (thenamed) year BE 6/1 61:10; PN kaparrum§a ana DAH redi innadnu i-na qd-bi-eSarrim ana PN2 u PN3 ana kaparrim tirPN, the shepherd, who was assigned as anauxiliary soldier, was returned to PN2 andPN3 to (serve as) shepherd on orders(?)of the king CT 8 32b:5; itti PN a-na qd-bi-e PN2 rabidnim PN 3 PN4 PN5 PN6 PN7 PN8i-but GN PN9 i4dm PN9 bought (x fallow

land) from PN with the permission(?) ofPN2, the mayor, PN 3, PN4, PN5, PN6, PN7, andPN8 , the elders of GN MAOG 4 291:6, cf.with i-na qd-bi-e (in broken context)TLB 1 141:4.

c) Sa qabe: Sd qd-bi-id = Sd qa-b[i-di]Izbu Comm. W 377k; §a qa-bi dUTU PN IzpuSCT 33 39:13, cf. a qa-bi-e belija lipu(end of letter) ARM 3 11:41, also ibid. 70r. 11'; mamman a qd-be-e-ia ul ipuTLB 4 11:4; Sd qa-bi-e ana Marduk epu(0 lamp) do for Marduk what was orderedKAR 58:3, cf. ilu u 6arru a qa-bi-e-a [lizpu4u] KAR 59 r. 11 and dupls., also PBS 1/117 r. 25.

d) kima qab: 6iirku gabba kimaqa-bi 6arri belija I have prepared every-thing in accordance with my lord's orderEA 144:21, cf. [kzm]a qa-bi-ka EA 193:22,and passim in EA.

Ad mng. 5: Edzard Tell ed-Der p. 68f.; Pom-ponio, AION Supp. 14 (to AION 38/1) p. 31f.

qabf B s.; (a container); OB Elam, NB.5 qa-bu- qadu naruqqiunu five q.-s

including their sacks MDP 23 309:9 (list

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qabiof household utensils); 2 ia qa-bu-e (in brokencontext) Nbn. 558:12 (list of objects).

See also kabltu.

qabfl (qabs'u) v.; 1. to say, tell, speak,to report, to recite, to pronounce, utter,declare (with direct object), to object, toask (p. 23), 2. to say in a written docu-ment, to list, enumerate (p. 31), 3. tomake a statement, a deposition, to declarepublicly, in court (p. 32), 4. to givean order, to decree, to enjoin (p. 34),5. to promise (p. 38), 6. to permit(p. 39), 7. to name, call (p. 39), 8. todesignate, indicate, show (p. 39), 9.1/3 tosay repeatedly (iterative to mngs. 1, 3,and 4) (p. 40), 10. II to say, speak(p. 41), 11. III to have someone say,decree, make a declaration, take an oath,recite, confess(?), to have orders issued(causative to mngs. 1, 3, and 4) (p. 41),12. IV to be said, decreed, recited,ordered (passive to mngs. 1, 3, and 4)(p. 41); from OAkk. on, Akkadogram inHitt.; I iqbi - iqabbi - qabi (EA qabiti,qibeti), 1/2, 1/3, II, III, III/2, IV, IV/3(at-ta-na-aq-bi YOS 6 183:17, NB), notethe WSem. passive juqba/u, juqabu EA83:16, 19, 108:20, for WSem. forms in EAsee VAB 2 1443ff., Rainey EA glossary s.v.; wr.syll. (i-iq-bu-ku-nu-i-im CT 29 2b:8 (OB),i-iq-bi-ma BBSt. No. 8 Add. col. B 4 (NB), i-iq-ti-bi ABL 515 r. 7, iq-ti-pi CT 53 97 r. 2 (bothNA), ti-iq-bi-a-am TCL 17 28:6, ta ti-KA-bi-i Walters Water for Larsa No. 43:9 (bothOB), in NA, NB, and occasionally earlier inthe pret. and perfect with epentheticvowel, e.g., ta-qa-tab-bi ABL 1277 r. 4, li-qi-bi ABL 190:15, la-qa-bi ABL 633 r. 9, a-qa-bu-u-ni Iraq 21 168 No. 57:10, i-qi-bu-niABL 311 r. 8 beside pres. i-qa-bu-ni ibid. r. 7,or with doubling of the first consonantin the present, e.g., iq-qab-bi ABL 370r. 9, aq-qa-bu- BIN 1 5:16, taq-qab-buDar. 128:5, etc.) and DUG4 (.GA) (rarely E,MU K.10756:1, see mng. lh-1'; cf. iqbinu,iqbu, naqbitu, qabbdtu, qabbd'u, qdbidnu,

qabuqabtu in la qabitu, qdbitu, qabu A s.,qibitu, q iu.

du-uKA = qa-bu-u hamu, e = MIN mare NBGTII 9f.; [du-iil [KA] = [qa-bu-u], da-ag [K]A, e[K]A = M[IN], e KA = [KA.KA.SI.GA(?)], gu-U KA =MIN (= qabc) Ea III 69-71a, cf. [du-u] [KA] =qa-bu-u A 111/2:133, [du-ug(?)] [KA] = qa-bu-uibid. 141, [da-ag(?)] [KA] = qa-bu-u ibid. 146,[e(?)] [KA] = MIN ibid. 148, [. . .] [KA] = [qa-b]u-u ibid. 150; gu-u KA = [q]a-bu-u (var. qi-bu-u)Idu II 383; dug 4 .rga = [qa-bu-u Igituh shortversion 85; [d]ug 4 = qa-bu-u Lanu A 163;dug 4, di (text KI), e, me = [qa-bu-u] NabnituIV 64ff.; bi.en.dug 4, ba.ab.dug 4 = iq-bi Hh.II 57 and 59; nu.bf.en.dug 4, nu.ba.ab.dug 4 =ul MIN ibid. 58 and 60; [ui].[na.al. [dug 4] =qi-bi-um Proto-Izi Bil. I Section D iv 3; mu.un.ni.dug 4 = qi-bi-gu, .mu.un.ni.dug 4 = q-bi-gum-ma Antagal C 29f., cf. Lu Excerpt II 84.

e E = qa-bu-u Sb II 243; i = qa-bu-u Izi V 8;me ME = qd-bu-u-um MSL 14 91 71:4 (Proto-Aa), cf. MSL 9 126:53 (Proto-Aa); [me] = fqal-bu-i Izi E 8; di-i DI = qd-bu-u-um MSL 2 148 ii22 (Proto-Ea), also Ea IV 90, A IV/2:133'; [bi]-eBI = qa-bu-u ma-ru-4 Sa Voc. F 8'; bi-i BI =qa-bu-u A V/1:139; bi-e BI = qa-bu-u ibid. 152;zu-i zu = [qad-bu-u MSL 2 132 vii 44 (Proto-Ea);du-ut-tu TUK.TUK = qa-bu-u Diri I 320, also Proto-Diri 50b; TUK = qd-bu-u-um MSL 14 139:11(Proto-Aa).

inim. dug4. ga, inim. di. di, inim. KAdu".KAd,inim.bi.bi (var. inim.biBA.biBA) = MIN (= amatu)qa-bu-u(var. -u) Nabnitu IV 32ff.; i.lu. du g 4. ga= qu-bu-u qa-bu-u Izi V 47; u 4 .na.me.kam =ma-tum qd-bu-u ZA 9 160 i 34 (group voc.).

16.nig.kir.di = qd-bi-i ga-ni-i-tim OB Lu A119, also B iv 8; li.kiir.KA.e = qd-bi a-ni-timImgidda to Erimhul B 7, also [q]a-ab gd-ni-tdErimhu II 2 and (with Hitt. equivalent ha-an-da-a-an k[u-i§ memikizi]) Erimhu Bogh. B 2 and 6,(with Hitt. equivalent (-UL ha-an-da-a-an ku-i§me-mi-i§-[ki-zi]) Erimhus Bogh. A iv 38; gal.gal.di = qd-ab nar-bi, MIN ail-la-ftil Izi H 260f.

ki.a.ra.dug 4.ga i.gin.en.db.en : afar aq-bu-kum ta-li-i[k] OBGT XIX 12, in MSL 5 196;mu.zu bi.dug 4 nam.mah.zu bi.dug 4 : Jumkaazkur narbika aq-[bi] I called your name, I pro-claimed your greatness 4R 29 No. 1 r. 13f.;nig nam.h6.a bi.in.dug 4.ga.a.ni : mimmaannd 9a iq-bu-§u all this that he said to himAngim IV 41 (= 192); m.bi.dug 4 .ga.zu ba.e.dir.dir : el ga taq-bu-u titatter (see atdru lex.section) KAR 375 ii 25 f. and parallels, and passim;Bn tar.mu.us ga.a.mu.ra.ab.dug 4 dug 4 .g[ag a.mu.ra. ab. gi 4 .g]i4 : Sdlannima lu-uq-bi-kaqi-ba-am-ma lipulka ask me and I will tell you,speak and I will answer you ZA 64 140:9

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qabui(Examenstext A), cf. ibid. 8; a.bi mu.un.dug 4a.bi dug 4 .ga.ab: [a-h]u-lap-u qi-bi-i [a-h]u-lap-ii qi-bi-i K.10156: 6ff. (courtesy I. L. Finkel);gal.zu ud.8e.ku 4 .ku 4 mi.ni.in.zu li.bi(var..bi).in.du g 4.ga : mudu2 a e-ni ereb biti idlma lai-qa-ab-bu-u the expert who knows the art of en-tering the temple and does not tell it (to others)BiOr 30 164 i 23f., cf. ibid. 25f.

6.zu hun.ga hu.mu.r[a.ab.be] : bitka nihliq-bi-ka KAR 106:5f., also ibid. 7ff., Iraq 32 53 ff.passim, and passim, see ndhu lex. section; maythe lock of the heavens silim.ma hu.mu.ra.ab.be : Sulma liq-bu-kum greet you (gamag)Abel-Winckler p. 59:3f., cf. silim.ma mu.un.na.ab.be : ulma i-qab-bi Angim II 20 (= 79);li.lul i.me.a mu.un.na.ab.be.e : asarrat-mii-qab-bu-ni those who say: She is a liar ASKTp. 127:53f.; em §u na.ab.ti.ga.ze.en ugu.ma am.ma.a[l] im.me.ne.b6 : mimma lateleqqia elijama imaqqutu ta-aq-ta-bi-i you said:Do not take anything, it is my job RA 24 36: 11,Sum. from Dialogue 5:95 (courtesy M. Civil), andpassim with Sum. corr. -be.

ul.la mu.lu im.me : ulla mannu i-qab-bi whowould say no? TCL 6 51:7f. cf. (in broken con-text) LKU 14:llff.; na 4 .kigib.a.ni ib.ta.an.ze.er bi.in.e.eA : kanicu pussusa iq-bu-u (seekanikcu lex. section) Ai. VI iv 27, cf. ibid. 23.

e.ne.em gagan.an.na.kex(KID) di.da.ra :ana awat Itar iq-bu-u ASKT p. 120 r. 3f., cf.nagar li.kin.gi 4.a ab.Aa 6 di.di : nangdru 9aipra dummuqa i-qab-bu-u (var. ile'i) Lugale XII

43; [nig].ak.mu ga.an.dug 4 nig.ak.a.munu.di : ina epi ti lu-uq-bi epifti ul a qa-be-e (seeepiStu lex. section) 4R 27 No. 3:40f.

ta.a giu mu.un.da.ab.tuk.Am : malata-qab-bi-i whatever you say SBH p. 104 No. 55 obv. (!)16ff., cf. ki.ta am.tuk.a : apliS i-qab-bi-maSBH p. 149 No. 2:41f., nu.mu.ra.an.tuk.a :ul i-qab-bi ibid. 118ff.; me.e 6.mu 6.mu nu.me.en a.ginx(GIM) in.na.an.d6 (var. in.na.dug 4) : anlku ana bitija ul biti attu ki aq-bu-uPSBA 17 pl. 2 after p. 64 K.41 iii llf., var. fromCT 15 25:25f.; ga.ri.ib.zu.zu : lu-uq-bi-ki TuMNF 3 25:13, see Wilcke, AfO 23 85.

igi.mu.ta inim.gar sigs.ga h6.en.dug 4 .ga: ana panija egirri damiqti liq-qa-bi CT 16 8:280 f.;[nig A]a.ta i.gA.gA inim §u.dul.ta al.di.dug 4 (var. inim Au.df.df al.ri.ri) : mimma,a ina libbi <i>baJ i a-ma-tum rab-bi-ig iq-qab-bu-u(var. amat rabf~ i-qa-bu) 5R 50 i 23f., see Borger,ZA 61 85 ad JCS 21 3:12; ka.kfi.mah.zu ha.ma.ab.b6 : ina pika ellu szri liq-qa-bi BIN 222:128f.; nam. Aub . . . na.an.gi 4 .gi4 hi6.pad :ina dipti ... la tdrSu liq-qa-bi CT 16 46: 174ft.;u 4 .da kalam.ma na 4.ka.gi.na ti.la di.di :UD-ma ina mdti Saddnu balfu i(var. iq)-qab-bitoday in the land it is called "the living Sadnu

qabl lastone" Lugale XI 50; ta.a gu mu.un.da.ab.tuk.am : minu iq-qa-bi-ki SBH p. 104 obv.(!)8f., see ibid. p. 155, cf. d. e n. n a. a n.tuk.e : liq-qa-bi-hum 4R 21 No. 2:30f., de.ra.an.tuk.aliq-qa-bi-ka SBH p. 29 No. 13:12ff.

e-nu-u = qa-bu-[u] An VII 230e; au-pu-u = qa-bu-u Malku IV 108; AN-bu-u (possibly error forqa-bu-u) = qa-a-lum ibid. 95.

E // qa-bu-u Hunger Uruk 49:37; [A / q]a-bu-u (in an explanation of parts of the namedNa-na-a) BM 62741:14 (comm. to god list,courtesy W. G. Lambert).

1. to say, tell, speak, to report, torecite, to pronounce, utter, declare (withdirect object), to object, to ask - a) tosay, tell, speak - ' in gen.: gana [lu]-uq-bi-ka [... lu]Sannikca come, I will tellyou, [. . .] I will relate for you Lambert BWL70:1 (Theodicy), cf. zabbu liq-ba-kim-maabr lilanndki (see zabbu) LKA 29d ii 2,

also ga.[na] ga.mu.ra.ab.dug 4 :gana lu-uq-bi-lcm-ma ZA 64 140:3 (Exa-menstext A); if the sick man mimmu i-qab-bu-u imalSu forgets what he says LabatTDP 182:49, cf. §a iq-bu-u imalli AMT63,5 iv 4; if the baby mimma §a imurui-qab-bi Labat TDP 230:113, cf. mala lib=balu gabtu ana Sin liq-bi AMT 90,1 ii 3;minam ni-qd-bi4 what can we say? CcT1 45:34 and 39 (OA), minam ni-iq-bi-kumCT 33 20:8, cf. andku minam a-qd-ab-[bi]TCL 18 85:13 (both OB letters), also ABL 3 r. 3,wr. aq-qa-ab-bi ABL 1149 r. 12 (both NA);umma PN ahukama awatam annitam anala qa-bi-e-em-ma u inanna lu-uq-bi-ma ulibbi lunappi6 thus says PN, your brother:This matter is not to be told, but now I willtell it and ease my mind ARM 5 20:4,cf. ana awiim ana qd-be-e-em-ma ul aq-biumma andkuma CT 6 34a: 17 (OB let.); Satuwa'iranni unndm dabdbam qd-ba-am uturram ula ele'i the orders you gave me,I cannot even repeat the words or sayagain what you said Iraq 25 184:32 (OB lit.);iq-be-ek-ki-im-[ma] ana aw4tifu taqili hespoke to you (fem.) and you listened tohis words OBT Tell Rimah 20:16; u Saharimti i-qab-bu- idemmd uznd u and he(Enkidu) listens to what the prostitute

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qabf lasays Gilg. I iv 32, cf. liq-ba-nik-kim-ma lataemmeiindti . . . lu-uq(var. -qu) -ba-ki(var. -kim) -ma Siminni jdti Maqlu I 57and 59, a-qab-bi Siminni ajdli (Sum.broken) KAR 73 r. 10; garru mala i-qab-bu-u [itti ili] kalilmagir whatever the kingsays will be favorably received by the godKAR 178 v 11 and dupl. 179 iii 15 (hemer.),and passim with magdru; de'iq adanni bit§arru beli iq-bu-u-ni ABL 3:10, cf. ABL 19r. 4, note, wr. bit Sarru iq-qab-bu-u-niABL 634 r. 3; §a Sarru bell iq-bu-u-ni ki§a iii gamrat ABL 3 r. 6; ialluka mznamta-qab-bi i-qab-bu-ka ki tudettiq if theyask you (what the sign means), what willyou say? If they tell you (to avert itsconsequences), how will you avert(them)? JNES 33 200:51f. (Diviner's Manual),see also ZA 64 140:9 (Examenstext A), cited lex.section, cf. ibid. 8; assana'al memeni la i-qab-bi-a gummu miti §ummu balsa I keepasking but no one can say whether he isdead or alive ABL 144 r. 2; ana PN Sdluliq-ba-ak-ka ask PN, he should tell youABL 6 r. 9 (both NA); mannum §umka qi-bi-a-am jdim what is your name? Tell meGilg. M. iv 5 (OB); if, unbeknownst to him,a snake perches on a man iq-bu-4um-maiglutma and when they tell him, he givesa start KAR 384(!) (p. 342) r. 28 (SB Alu);qi-bi-a-am-ma §a terridanni luddikku tellme and I will give you what you wishof me Bab. 12 pl. 12 vi 7 (OB Etana); Qi-bi-a-6i-im-ma-ti-ik-la Speak(pl.)-to-Her(the goddess)-and-Have-Confidence (per-sonal name) CT 48 33:6, cf. Qi-bi-6um-ma-ti-kal VAS 16 143:5 and 20, and passimin OB, see Stamm Namengebung 205; qi-ba-aibr qi-ba-a ibrl urti erreti fa tdmuru qi-ba-a ul a-qab-ba-ku ibri ul a-qab-ba-ku(see ibru usage b) Gilg. XII 87ff.; notethat (ina/ana) pani replaces the dativewhen addressing a person of higherstatus: inima qa-bi ana pa-ni 6arri EA119:18 (let. of Rib-Addi), gabbi Sa aq-ta-biana pa-ni be'lija EA 161:55 (let. of Aziru),and passim in EA, ana Sarri rabi [...] anapa-ni-u andku aq-b[i] KUB 3 84 r. 3, ina

qabf lbpa-an Sarri ni-qa-bi ma pa-an bel pdhetipa-an LI qurbuti ni-iq-ti-bi ma la immagurABL 206 r. 7ff., ina pa-ni tuplar ekalli qi-bi-' ABL 220 r. 5, pa-an rab mugi aq-ti-biABL 843:13, cf. also Iraq 20 187 No. 41:10, andpassim in NA, see also BRM 2 33:14, 56:19,cited mng. Ig.

2' ina p2 qabu: kiS a arru bel inapi-i-u iq-ba-an-ni ABL 453 r. 5, cf. inapi-i-6u i-qab-bi umma ABL 738+1111:10(= ABL 1111 "r." 3), inapi-ia aq-bu-u ABL301:11 (all NB).

b) with the words spoken quoted-l'direct speech quoted: whoever §umi

§u-tur i-qd-ab-[bi]-u orders: (Erase hisname and) write my name (on the stela)JAOS 88 57 6N-T658 iii 5 (OB copy), cf. AfO 20 77i 23, wr. i-qd-pi-u PBS 5 36 r. "ii" 3 (allOAkk. royal); x barley lubil tdq-bi yousaid: I will bring Limet Documents 47:10(OAkk.); tibemi i qi-bi-§u tell him: Getup and leave! CT 15 3 i 6 (OB lit.), cf.[qaqqa]ru tebi liq-bi-k[i] KAR 69 r. 18, seeBiggs Saziga 77; DN silim liqbika may DNsay to you: Be reconciled (to him) BMS16:9 + 42:23, also PBS 1/1 12:37; you rub(the patient) ana §A DtrG-ab DUG4.GA andsay: It is good for the heart KiichlerBeitr. pl. 1 i 15; §umma amilu imragma an.nanna me imtala iq-ta-[bu-u] if a manfalls ill and they say: So-and-so is fullof water Ebeling KMI 55:16, cf. imtit iq-ta-bu-u ibid. 15, mudulu NU GIG-ma i-qab-bi Labat TDP 72:24; if the sick man libbzqaqqadi DUG 4.GA ibid. 170:10, libbz kurii-qab-bi ibid. 214:17; kal mdtija ki habiliq-bu-ni all my country said: What a pity!Lambert BWL 46:116 (Ludlul II), cf. la tapallahiq-ba-a ibid. 50:35 (Ludlul III); muhur ItarDUG4.GA-ma you say: Accept (the of-fering), IMtar Or. NS 40 141:46 (namburbi),cf. mara iizibi DUG4.GA LKA 69:10, andpassim in rit.; a . . . ana piti epima anasahirti suhrimi iq-bu- (see epiltu) UET6/2 410 r. 4, see Gurney, Iraq 22 224, also AfO18 289:7f., STT 76:9f., BBR No. 16 r. llf., andparallels, cf. ana kast kuss4uma iq-bu-u

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qabf lbSurpu II 31; 6.a ga.ba.gub nam.ba.a b. b e. en : ina biti luzziz la ta-qab-bi you(demon) must not say: I will occupy thehouse CT 16 29:86f. et seqq.; umma ...lanlkkime iq-ti-bi-a-dS-6e (see ndku mng.la) KAV 1 ii 16 (Ass. Code § 12); whoeveranna [m]ina i-qa-bu-u says: What is thisgood for? AKA 253 v 98, also 172 r. 19 (Asn.),cf. AKA 251 v 83; the man will becomerich and ekiam lukun i-qab-bi will say:Where shall I store it? CT 39 33:61, cf.mannumme ki jdtima i-qab-be KAR 382:11(both SB Alu), also Kraus Texte 38a:6; ul ta-a(!) -p[u]-ra la ta-qd-bi you must notsay: You did not write me VAS 16 133:16,also Kraus, AbB 5 36:9, YOS 2 4:16, VAS 16177:36, TCL 18 96:20, 143 r. 14; anniam amliul i-qd-bi CT 45 18:26, etc., see maM A mng.la-i'; Sa bita epuu ganinima i-qab-bi(see ganunu mng. 2a) Cagni Erra IV 99;u-ul i-di-mi la ta-qd-ba-am do not say:I did not know A XII/57:21 (Susa let.,courtesy J. Bott6ro); kzima atta ... la tahdqd-bi-im CT 29 23:15 (OB let.); anapilludezruti i-qab-bi ma-$i [...] to the holyrites he says: Enough! [. . .] BHT pl. 9 v15 (Nbn. Verse Account); jdnu taq-bi yousaid: There are none AnSt 7 128:10 (let.of Gilg.), see also jdnu, ahulap, anna, u'a.

2' indirect speech cited: [Anumu] rhamla aldkam iq-b[z] Anu said that he neednot go RA 46 90:24 (OB Epic of Zu), alsoCT 15 40 iii 6 (SB); the wicked Elamiteaccepted his presents but urhauma laaldka iq-bi-iu told him that he was notto proceed (to Elam) Lie Sar. 369; mansnumma iq-bi amdr am iu ina libbi manniibba4i eteq suqiu who would have saidthat he would see the sun (again), whowould have thought that he would (again)walk the streets of his (city)? LambertBWL 58:31 (Ludlul IV).

3' with a dependent clause introducedby kmia as object: kma dlam la walbataaq-bi I said that you did not reside inthe town CT 52 42:14; kzma ana bZtdt

qabf Ic

KakSi ztebru ... iq-bu-nim-ma PBS 7 94:11,and passim in OB letters.

4' other occs.: annitam [ana be]lijaaq-bi this (i.e., the preceding) I said tomy lord Aro, WZJ 8 573 HS 115:37 (MB let.),cf. annitam SAL u DUMU ma-ru-a annitamiq-bu-nim ARM 10 58:20, and passim, annitamiq-bi CT 45 86:23 (OB), annitam §arrumiq-bi-ma Wiseman Alalakh 7:24 (OB), kiannita PN iq-bu-i Petschow MB Rechts-urkunden 9:17, etc., see anni usage c-2'.

c) to speak about something, to men-tion - 1' with the topic introduced byaSgum, a, ina (ana) muhhi: PN... a4eummdriu ana arrim iq-bi-i-ma PN spoketo the king concerning his son TCL 1062:5, cf. alum eqlim u bitim ana PN qd-bi-e-em RA 12 194:4, and passim in this text(OB); aS6um mdrtika a ta-aq-bi-a-em asfor my daughter about whom you spoketo me Laessoe Shemshara Tablets 63 SH 874:30;aum 10 GIN kaspim a aq-bu-kum kaspumiu r£ika likil as for the ten shekels ofsilver about which I spoke to you, thatsilver should be ready for you CT 297b:6, and passim in OB letters; a NITA U? SALla i-qd-ab-bi-a-am-ma he must not speakto me about marital relations(?) RA 69122:7, cf. ibid. 21 (OB leg.); ina muhhi batussiSa bel iq-bu-ni as for the young girlabout whom my lord spoke ABL 15:6,ina muhhi nepe.e . .. a Sarru bei iq-bu-u-ni ABL 118:7, see Parpola LAS No. 223, cf.ABL 1426:2, AJSL 29 16 No. 14:2 (all NA), andpassim in ABL, cf. also YOS 3 6:8, TCL 9 74 r. 5,and passim in NB letters; kakkabu Sa anaSarri belija aq-bu ma'di6 unnut the starthat I mentioned to the king, my lord, isvery faint Thompson Rep. 181 r. 4 (NB); PNana PN2 iq-ta-bi umma kaspa la ina qdtePN3 tdmuru mimma ana muAhi la ta-qab-biPN2 i-qab-ba-a umma kaspa terimma anaquppu usuk PN said to PN2 as follows,"Say nothing about the silver that yousaw in the possession of PN3," but PN2 didsay to me (i.e., PN3), "Put the silver back

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qabf Idin the cash box" YOS 6 235:7, 9, and 10,see Renger, JAOS 91 502; atta ana PN anamuhhi qi-bi speak to PN about (this) CT22 74:23, also BIN 1 44:32 (NB), cf. [inamuh]hi §a taq-bu-u-[ni] ABL 1244:1 (NA);(various implements) §a fPN taq-bu-ulumma RA 14 158:12 (NB), cf. TCL 12 106:7,and passim in NB; Gilgdme a i-qd-ab-bu-ulimur (I) Gilgameg, want to see him (i.e.,Humbaba) about whom they tell (stories)Gilg. Y. v 181 (OB); ummdn-manda a taq-bu-u (Marduk said to me) The Mandatroops whom you mentioned VAB 4 220 i 26(Nbn.).

2' §uma qabi to mention (someone's)name: mamman §a umi la damqi i-qa-ab-bu-u whoever mentions my name un-favorably ARM 10 49 r. 6', cf. who is Abdi-Agirta u [i]-qa-bu umdu ina pani arrithat one utters his name in the presenceof the king? EA 85:65 (let. of Rib-Addi);Junka ana arri a-kab-bi HSS 14 21:24.

3' referring to a saying: andku an=nakam kZma i-qd-bi--ni iqger NINDA-kAa-zu-db here I am, sweating, as theysay, over your daily bread CCT 6 lla:38(OA).

d) ina (also ana, itti) libbi (or .urri)qabU to say to oneself, to ponder: ukiam ana (var. ina) libbika taq-ta-biqurddu Irra and you, warrior Irra, saidto yourself as follows (parallel: u tdtamaana libbika IV 113) Cagni Erra IV 114, cf.ibid. I 16, AnSt 5 102ff.:79 and 124 (CutheanLegend), VAB 4 238 ii 28 (Nbn.); ana li-ib-bi-ka-a kiam ta-aq-bi TLB 4 33:20 (OB let.);mindema ta-qab-bi i-na libbika ummaABL 1411:13 (NB); i-qab-bi [ina lib-b]i-IdtLambert BWL 215:8 (fable); the sorceress Saiq-bu-u amat lemuttija ina libbia whopondered evil against me in her heartMaqlu III 89, note kiam ina ,urriu iq-bima ZA 43 19:74 (SB lit.); kfizm iq-bi ittilibbi4st Streck Asb. 44 v 25; if a man awastam KI lib-bi i-qab-[bi] KUB 37 207:10(physiogn.).

qabfi le

e) introducing direct speech - 1' in theformula used in epic poetry: DN pdZuzpugma i-qab-bi ana DN ... amat izakkarSTT 28 iv 46, and, wr. DUG4.GA, passim inthis text, also Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 118 ii 14,122:13, etc., for other refs. see epeu mng.2c (p usage c'), and see Sonnek, ZA 46226f.; note also Sin [pal-a-§u DJ-ma i-qab-bi ana Enlil [.. .] AMT 84,4 ii 8.

2' with amatu: zpul4uma Ea amatui-qab-bi-4u Ea answered him, saying(this) word En. el. VI 11, cf. er . .. amatui-qab-bi Bab. 12 pl. 6:24 (Etana), amat i-qab-bi-hi MVAG 21 86:25 (Kedorlaomer text).

3' in hist. and lit.: the enemy inapuhrigunu iq-bu-u umma annu arraniin their assembled might said: This oneis our king Borger Esarh. 44 i 77, cf. iq-bu-u ikrubu ~it [arrani?] Craig ABRT 129:11.

4' in letters and leg. - a' followed byumma, m, muk, nuk: mi4gu Ja ta-aq-bi4-uana PN u PN2 umma attama what is (themeaning of) this, that you spoke to PNand PN2 as follows CCT 2 6:4, cf. annakamPN iq-bi4 -a-am umma Autma KTS 6:34,inumi tutii bdb abullimma aq-bi4 -a-kumumma andkuma when you left, I spoketo you even at the gate entrance asfollows ICK 1 95:5, cf. ina ud''iu anaPN iq-bi4 umma iutma CCT 4 6c: 17; IGIawzI ... qi-bi-a-Jum umma attunumaRA 59 150 MAH 10823+ :33, cf. e iq-bi4 ummaSitma he should not say as follows VAT13509:3, cited MVAG 35/3 75 note c, e ta-aq-bi 4 umma attama CCT 5 22c:3, la ta-aq-bi4-a(?) -am umma attama did you notspeak to me (saying) as follows? CCT 549a:16, also la ta-qd-bi4 umma attamaKienast ATHE 27:15, and passim in OA; lata-qa-bi-i umma attima do not say (toyourself) as follows Kraus AbB 1 134:22;pzqat nappdhu i-qd-ab-bu-ku-um umma Ausnuma TCL 7 50:8; agIumika hamligu aq-[bi-ma] umma andkuma I spoke on yourbehalf five times, saying TCL 18 94:13,

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qabi lei-qd-ab-bi-a-am umma 2uma TCL 18 77:20,and passim in OB; PN iq-ba-a um-ma-a Aro,WZJ 8 568 HS 110:19, cf. iq-ta-ba-a-4u um-ma-a PBS 1/2 28:12, a-qab-bi-i um-ma-aEA 19:49 (let. of TuSratta), and passim in MB;mdhiqu ... i-qab-ba-a umma (reportfollows) CT 27 45 K.749:7 (Izbu report); Uiq-ta-bu-ni-dis um-ma ABL 282 r. 10, cf.ina muhhi 5a taq-bu-u umma ABL 400:6,ana ahdmed i-qab-bu-u umma ABL 520 r. 2,mindma ta-qab-ba-a umma ABL 403:19,also 1114:20, ana 6arri belija la i-qab-biumma ABL 988 r. 4, arru iq-ta-ba-a ummaABL 925:5, mindema arru beld i-qab-biumma ABL 281 r. 3, 459:12, 1136 r. 5, andpassim in NB; Sarru beld la i-qab-bi ummaABL 774:21, also Thompson Rep. 124 r. 2, andpassim in NB letters in ABL; in later NB:agd'i gabbi Ma aq-bak-ka umma CT 22 39:6,cf. agd Sa a-qab-bak-kuu-nu-g umma YOS3 33:26, nil i-qab-bu-ni umma CT 22 87:13,wr. iq-qab-bu-u ibid. 53:12; ana PN qi-bi umma ibid. 39:17, 105:39; a taq-bi-an-na-Si umma what you said to us, asfollows YOS 3 121:7, cf. aa belu iq-bu-[u]umma ibid. 173:22; mind ta-qab-bi ummawhy do you say as follows ibid. 169:11;la i-qab-ba-a4 umma he must not say asfollows ibid. 92:26, cf. la ta-qab-ba-' ummaPN ul ilpuranndau ibid. 188:17, and passim;PN iq-ti-bi-a md KAV 104:14 (MA let.), cf.laq-bak-ka ma Craig ABRT 1 26:14 (NAoracles), iq-fi-bi-i md Iraq 20 191 No. 42:8,ABL 424:9, iq-fi-bi(-ia) ABL 656 r. 17 andpassim, i-qi-i-bu-ni- ABL 515:9; issurrigarru belz i-qab-bi md ABL 45:9, also ABL92 r. 9, 191:13, 252:7 and 11, 433 r. 7, 740 r. 9,Iraq 20 195 No. 44:13, Iraq 25 71 No. 65:19,and passim in NA, wr. [i]q-qa-bi ABL 46 r. 7;for other refs. from RS, MA, and NA seemd mng. 3, for NA see also muk usagesa and c, nuk; note the oracles: rdgintuina puhri . . . taq-i-ba-d-iA m ABL 437r. 2 (NA); Bel iq-ta-bi umma ... [m.dtulgabbi ana qdtifu amanni Bel pronouncedthe following (oracle): I will deliver theentire land into his (the king's) handsABL 1237 r. 23 (NB); in the future Sa illdmsr

qabfi le

ma i-qab-bu-u um-ma-a kaspu ul nadinwhoever comes with a claim and saysas follows: The silver was not handed overBBSt. No. 9 iv a 26, cf. ibid. i 32, and passimin NB kudurrus and leg.; note in contractsof all types except loans, styled as dia-logues: PN ina hud libbilu ana PN2 kzamiq-bi umma ... iten s si . .. ibizinnammaof his own free will PN spoke as followsto PN2: (Since you are by adoption a co-owner of my family property) please giveme a horse (and other equipment forperformance of military service obliga-tions incumbent on the property) UCP 9275:2, see Cardascia Muralf 180f. and EbelingZA 50 209f.; PN ina hid libbi4u ana PN2[k] am iq-bi umma ID ... b innamma PNof his own free will spoke as follows toPN2: Please give me the (Badiatu) Canal(and adjoining lands, along with seed)BE 9 29:2, and passim (followed by PN2 i me uma)in NB leases, especially in the Mura1 archive, seeRies Bodenpachtformulare 5 ff.; PN u PN2 Sa anaahdme iq-bu-u umma x zeru ... nipuBE 10 55:2, also PN ana pan PN2 illikmakdmu iq-bi umma IPN3 ... bi innamma luafati g RA 25 81 No. 23:3, and passim, wr.E-~ TuM 2-3 204:3; see Petschow, JCS 19103-120.

b' preceded by kiam, kinanna, akanna:kzam qi-bi-6u umma attama say to himthus Kraus AbB 1 79:26, cf. ana PN ki-amqi-bi Sumer 23 162:30; midde kam ta-qd-ab-bi umma attama perhaps you will saythus Kraus AbB 1 37:8, cf. kzam ta-aq-bi-<a>-ni-im umma attunuma ibid. 81:8, k amiq-bi-a-am umma ~ima OECT 3 10:5, CT 5293:16, and passim in OB letters; note kZamiqbi umma . . . iq-bi BE 6/2 49:14 and 19(OB leg.), also OECT 8 11:3 and 6; ke-em iq-bi-4um ummami ARM 10 73:11, cf. ibid. 48:9,but ki-a-am aq-bi-kum ibid. 31:6; PN anaSarri kam iq-bi BBSt. No. 3 iv 21 (MB), cf.Petschow MB Rechtsurkunden 11:8; my ene-mies kzam iq-bu-u-ni umma (proverbfollows) Borger Esarh. 58 v 22; kIam iq-bi-a-am Kraus AbB 1 80:22, kIam qi-bi-Su-nu-

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qabl If

Ai-im TCL 18 91:19, cf. arrum, . kamiq-bi(text -bu) -u-u-n[u-]i-im-ma OECT 333:15, see Kraus, AbB 4 111, and passim at theend of a reported communication, see kammng. 1 a-1' and 2'; RN Aarru kIam i-qab-biVAB 3 9 § 2: 1, and passim in Dar. Behistun; ex-ceptionally preceding klam: [x]-KUR aliana dlitti u i-qab-bi kiam Cagni Erra IV 88;ki anni qi-ba-d-ui md Iraq 20 183 No.39:36, and passim in NA letters, see anniusage m; for Nuzi see kinanna usage c-1';for MB, Bogh., RS, EA, and rarely in NB,see akanna A usage a.

c' other occs.: enma PN ana PN2 a-qd-bi CT 50 71:8 (OAkk.); dajdnu [ana] PNiq-ta-bu-u [.. . ana] PN2 ildni i6F-[mi] thejudges said to PN: Take an oath to PN2JEN 669:57; dajdnu ana PN iq-ta-bu-u tuppaka u ~ibitika iba4i kime eqlu anniattka the judges said to PN: Do you havea record or witnesses that this field isyours? JEN 654:27, and passim in Nuzi; PN. . . ana RN... iq-be-i fPN 2 mdratka ...ana a4lutu bi-nam-ma lu aSatti PN saidto Neriglissar: Give me your daughter, lether be my wife Evetts Ner. 13:3; RN Sarrui-qab-bi (beside more frequent kamiqabbi, see mng. le-4'b) VAB 3 85 § 2:13(Dar. Pg), and passim in Achaem. royal, buti-qab-bi RN Sarru rabi ibid. 127:1 (Arta-xerxes II).

f) in the introductory formulas of let-ters: ana PN qi-bi-ma Sollberger Corre-spondence 371-373, also ummaPN(-ma) anaPN2 qi-bi-ma ibid. 369-370, see Kraus, JEOL24 81ff.; ana dipr Sa dlim u kdrim Kani5qi-bi-ma [umm]a kdrum WahuSana gaherrabima Jankowska KTK 3:2, cf. ana PN qi-bi4-ma HUCA 39 7 L29-556:1, and passim inOA, also in the formulation with senderpreceding recipient when sender is ofhigher status than recipient: ummaPN-maana PN2 qi-bi4-ma (in answer to someone'sletter) ibid. 22 L29-567:3, and passim; oc-casionally repeated in the body of theletter when singling out one of the ad-dressees, e.g., Jankowska KTK 19:33 (= Go-

qabf Ig16nischeff 20), TCL 20 108:11, KTS 21a:22 and 27,and passim; note u[mma kdru]m Kani maana kdr kdrma ali PN takaladani qi-bi-maBIN 6 8:6 (all OA); ana belija qi-bi-ma ummaPN-ma CT 52 125:2, and passim in OB, seebaldfu v. mng. 6a-3', also OBT Tell Rimah20ff., ARM 18 1ff., ana PN qi-bi-ma ummaPN2 A XII/26: 1, also umma SUKKAL.MAH-ma ana PN u Szbuti a PN2 qi-bi-ma AXI/14:3 (both courtesy J. Bottero), and passim inOB, see Salonen Grufformeln 20, 51 ff., rarelywr. qi-bi-ma, e.g., CT52 132:2; rarely in thebody of the letter turning to another per-son than the addressee: ana PN qi-bi-maumma PN2 (the sender) -ma VAS 16 7:11,also PBS 7 15:16; note qi-bi (at the endof a letter) BIN 7 17:17, OBT Tell Rimah34:18; in MB: PBS 13 58:9, Aro, WZJ 8 568HS 111:1, etc., (at the end of a long introduction)RT 19 60 No. 356:11, BE 17 24:9; in MA: wr.qi-bi-ma KAJ 316:2, and passim; in Bogh.:umma RN. .. ana RN2 ... qi-fbi-mal KBo 110:2, cf. ibid. 29:2, and passim, also as Akka-dogram in Hitt., also EA 41:3, and passim in theroyal correspondence of EA, also ana RN.. .qi-bi-ma umma RN2 -ma EA 28:3, and passim;also in the formulation: Rib-Addi iq-biana beli4u EA 74:1, and passim, note Rib-Addi qi-bi-[ma] ana arri belija EA 126:1;in RS: umma RN ana RN2 ... qi-bi-maMRS 9 194 RS 17.385:4, cf. Ugaritica 5 22:4, etc.,but ana Sarri be[lij]a q-bi-ma umma PNaradkama Ugaritica 5 20:1, also ibid. 24:2,etc.; in Nuzi: ana PN qi-bi-ma umma PN2 -ma HSS 9 6:2, HSS 14 12:2, etc.; rare inNA, NB: ana PN qi-bi-ma umma 6arrummaABL 914:1, cf. 924:2, 1112:2 (all NB), 1282:2(NA); in lit.: AnSt 7 128:1 (let. of Gilg.), also(broken) AMT 52,1:1.

g) to report: (the people questioned)ki PN .. . ana ahhuti ana PN2 la qerbu ...ana Sarri iq-bu-ni-ma reported to the kingthat PN was not in a brotherhood relation-ship with PN2 BBSt. No. 3 i 31 (MB); mdr6ipri hantu ana Ninua illikamma iq-ba-ajdti an express messenger came to Nine-veh and reported to me (the military situa-

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qab Ih

tion) Streck Asb. 14 ii 27, for parallels withulannd see an2 v., cf. zamar iturunimmajdti iq-bu-nu they returned at once and re-ported to me VAB 4 256 i 37 (Nbn.); minia talammdni ana belikunu ta-qab-bi-a

you will tell your lord whatever you hearIraq 34 22:12 (NA let.), cf. ibid. 31, cf. ABL 1239r. 17 (text of the adu oath); if you (pl.) anaASur-bn-apli. .. la tallakanini la ta-qab-ba-a-ni do not go and report (plotsagainst him) to (the crown prince) PNWiseman Treaties 158, and passim in this text,note ina pan replacing ana ibid. 271 and280, cf. Jumma qpitu anntu la iq-ti-b[i]-i jhza inaSiu AfO 17 276:51 (MA haremedicts), cf. also illaka ana §arri i-qa-ab-biKAV 1 vii 13 (Ass. Code § 47); luprusma anaSarri belija lu-uq-bi I will check it andreport to the king, my lord Thompson Rep.210 r. 4 (NB); ina imu gabbi a PN ....ebu DU.ME§ U i-qab-bu.ME§ PN2 PN3 ...inapan man-am gabbi faPN... ebu ummawhenever PN wishes, PN2 and PN3 will comeforward and make a report in front ofanyone PN wishes, saying BRM 2 33:14,cf. imu mala PN fudtu ,ebu PN2 [illak u]i-qab-bi ina pani ahladarabannu ummaibid. 56:19; adi muhhi PN ana (uplarr e aSarri i-qab-bu-ma tuppi apiltu ikannaku(see apiltu A usage b) Evetts Ev.-M. 19:15,cf. ana L(J.DUB.SAR.ME§ a Sarri i-qab-bu-u ibid. 22:15 (all NB).

h) referring to an explanation given(possibly by the teacher) about ominousphenomena and their interpretation - 1'ana . . . qabi (iqabbi, etc.): KUR.DO.A.BIa-na KUR.URI.KI qa-bi - KUR.DU.A.BI (inthe cited apodosis) is said with referenceto Akkad ACh Supp. 2 Iitar 64 K.2281+ ii 3; MU(= aklum?) dLi 9-si4 MUL.GfR.TAB qa-bi AChIttar 25:29, cf. [. .. dLi9 -s]i 4 a-na GfR.TABMU K.10756:1, cf. also, wr. i-qab-bi AChIttar 25:53, 59f., 65, 67f., 74, and 76, wr. qa-a-bi Thompson Rep. 236G 6; [makat] turnana i.E q[a-bi] A VIII/1 Comm. 14; anaSa eqla ruSuni qa-bi (the omen) refersto the one who cultivates a field ABL

qabf Ilh74 r. 10, see Parpola LAS No. 38; ana mutdniqa-bi (see mutdnu usage b) ThompsonRep. 232:3, also K.800:13, note ana BAD.ME§DUB (?) Hunger Uruk 90:6; dumqu a Suzbartu u Akkadi i-qab-bi-di Thompson Rep.268:10 (= ABL 1006, NB), see Landsberger Briefn. 67; Sa ana dumqi DUG4.GA-U (followedby explanation, see qulultu A mng. 2)TCL 6 6 ii 12, also ibid. r. ii 18, CT 31 38 ii 11,also 10 r.(!) i 4, cf. ana ahiti qa-bi ibid.39 i 17; ana BAR-ti DUG4-U Boissier DA45:14, cf. ibid. 17, also CT 20 21 81-2-4,397:9f.;Sa ana SI05 u HUL DUG4-U IGI.ME9- d anaimitti aaknama SIG 5 ana §umeli aaknamaahitu they say it (the preceding protasis)with reference to both good and bad: ifits (the gibtu's) front parts lie toward theright, it is good, if toward the left, it isbad Boissier DA 11 i 17, cf. [4a ana SI]G5u HUL DUG4 -u-ma (var. iq-bu-u) ittaunuSUM-nu CT 20 25 K.9667 ii 16, var. from 29K.4092:3; note a ana IG05 iq-bu-u anaIGI-ka ibuiu Boissier DA 18 iii 15 and 25,§a ana ahiti DUG 4 - ana loi-ka manzdzuahu ibid. 19, also, wr. [i]q-bu- CT 20 2482-3-23,23 i 9; note in the perfect: 'aruruumaqtu §anS MI [ina lib]biu la ibli anamaqdt [Sa] rri iq-ti-bi ABL 1134:14, see Par-pola LAS No. 109.

2' §a iqbu: mimma a SIG5 3-ma NUSI05 mimma a NU SIG5 3-ma siG5 inaali KUR-ir a iq-bu-u what was favor-

able is not favorable at the third time,what was unfavorable is favorable at thethird time, it changes at the third (exam-ination of the exta), as they said Bois-sier DA 13 i 44, cf. tapaqqissi a iq-bu-ut&retka 6alimti laptat if you repeat it, asthey said, your favorable omen will beunfavorable TCL 6 5 r. 29; a iq-bu-u (var.MIN) (followed by explanation of thecited protasis) CT 31 49 r. 22, var. from ibid.18 K.7588 obv.(!) 13; a iq-bu- laputtindgiru (explaining laputti in the apod. byciting from a synonym list) CT 31 11 i 12;tibu hattu Sd iq-bu- (var. DUG4 -il) tbhnakri hatti nakri imaqquta oIM iq-bu-i

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qabf lii(var. DUG4 -U) CT 31 9 iv(!) 25f., vars. fromdupl. K.2092 iv 4 and 6, see Nougayrol, RA 68 65,cf. §a iq-bu- mesa zukk anil ub[bubu](referring to mesa in the apod.) CT 31 11iii(!) 19, also (with similar lexical equations) ibid.12, 21, 39 i 19, (introducing the apod.) ibid. 38i 10, (introducing an explanation) CT 20 25 K.9667ii 23 and dupls., (in broken or difficult context)CT 20 18 Sm. 1520 r. 4, CT 30 19 iii 9, 38 K.9084ii 16, wr. 9a E-t Hunger Uruk 27:15 and 17,32 r. 12, 90 r. 4, JNES 33 331:5, ending theexplanation with kima MIN (= iqbu) CT 3139 i 30f.; note a iq-bu-u-ma ittalunu SUM-nu Boissier DA 16 iv 27, 248:2, also, endingthe explanation with GIM DvU4 -u ibid. 12i 20f., dupl. CT 30 25:18f.; a iq-bu-ui ...GIM iq-bu-i KAR ekemu KAR e(eru halaquCT 51 156:13f. and dupl. CT 30 22 i 14f. (allSB ext.); note a qa-bu-u Thompson Rep.268:6, a iq-bu-u-ni ibid. 43 r. 2.

3' kima iqbi, ki qabu: mut-tab-bil ummdni dlik pani ummani GIM DUG4 -[U] (var.GIM MIN) CT 31 10 K.2086+ :10, dupl. CT 3037 K.9815:10, var. from AMT 71,3:7, cf. CT 2021 83-1-18,433:8, CT 28 48 K.182+ r. 6, CT 31 44i 2, (in broken context) ibid. 10 iii 1, 17 K.7588r.(!) 21, note GIM 2-Sii iq-b[u-u] (var.DUG 4-u) ibid. 13, var. from AMT 71,3:11, seealso CT 30 22 i 15, CT 31 9 iv(!) 25f., 39 i 31,Boissier DA 11 i 21, cited mng. lh-2', and (inbroken context) Boissier DA 46:19, K.6991:5(astrol.); a tu MAA.MA§-u-tu ki-i qa-bu-uHunger Uruk 47:11, cf. LKA 72 r. 6f.; aAAumDN ki DUG4 -U CT 13 32 r. 6, wr. ki-i DUG 4.GA(-u) ibid. 5, r. 5, GIM DUG4-U ibid. r. 13(En. el. comm.).

i) to recite a prayer, an incantation- 1' naming the prayer recited or to berecited: DN a.ra.zu de.ra.ab.be : DNte-es-li-tu liq-bi-ka SBH p. 133 No. III 14f.,also ibid. p. 29 No. 13:18f., p. 58 No. 30:50f.,r. If., KAR 26:34, RAcc. 109 r. 7f., a.ra.zuga.an.na.ab.b6 : tas-li-tum lu-uq-biLangdonBL 176:lf., siskur.ra ih.en.na.ab.b6 : tas-li-tum liq-bu-u CT 16 36:10f.,etc., see taslitu; siskur d6.ra.ab.b6 :ik-ri-bi liq-bu-Si Studies Albright 346:17,

qaba Ijcf. §UDx(KAX§U) BI DUG4 .GA RAcc. 129:4,135:250; for other refs. see ikribu lex.section and mng. la; KI. LJ.BI.IM Sa m&nae DUG4 .GA-ma RAcc. 32 iv 23; see alsonaqbitu.

2' other occs.: 3-M anniam DUG4.GAKUB 37 61 r. 6, cf. annita ta-qab-bi-maKAR 178 r. vi 40, also KUB 4 17:2, and passimpreceding or following the cited text, also ituan-nam taq-ta-bu-u after you have recitedthis BiOr 30 178:9, cf. BMS 12:115, wr.DUG 4.[GA1-i PBS 12/1 7 r. 6 (coll.), wr.E-U RAcc. 145:447; 3-Si DUG4 .GA-ma CT39 27:11, and passim; 3-Sgi kam DUG4.GALKA 123 r.(!) i 11, and passim in inc., alsoIangu ... akia i-[q]a-bi MVAG 41/3 8 i 28,12 ii 29 (MA rit.), ila tullal u HAR.GIM DUG4.GA 4R 25 iii 3, cf. CT 23 1:12, and passim;note LU.NAR petil ikleti izammur takabbasraggu i-qa-ab-bi (see kabasu mng. 2b-1')BBR No. 60:23, also (the hymn) 3-S4 iman=nu u arkilu kiam 3-S i-qab-b[i] KAR 60r. 2, see RAcc. 22; note: the incantationDN [DN 2] u DN3 iq-bu-nim-ma Kocher BAM438 r. 6, and passim at the end of incs.; forliginna qabu see s.v.

j) to pronounce, utter, declare (withdirect object, arranged alphabetically):for aldla qabi see aldla lex. section; [um=ma a] -wa-r at(?)1 RN i-qa-ab-bu-§um uge~iif he divulges any (confidential) matterthat RN tells him JCS 12 124:45 (OB Alalakh),see Draffkorn Kilmer, JCS 13 95; anummaiqquru awat a qa-ba arru belija ana jdiEA 294:13; u qa-bi-ti ina qdti PN awatuannitu I have reported this matterthrough PN EA 263:20; mar ipri a illi=kuma amat arri iq-ba-d- the mes-senger who came relayed to him the royalorder ABL 1259 r. 11 (NB); amat libbijaaq-bi-if VAB 4 280 vii 44 (Nbn.); ina muhhiabite a arru belz iq-bu-u-ni md ABL 6r. 8, cf. ABL 18:6, r. 3, 179:5, 464 r. 10, 687r. 13, Iraq 17 127 No. 12:3, and passim withamatu, see s.v. lex. section, mngs. la-e,4a-3', 4b-1 'c', 4d; see also atartu Amng. 2, RAcc. 78 r. 12 cited balatu s. mng.

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qabft 1klb-1'; ir im.me : bikiti i-qab-bi RA 33104:8; see also banitu, banitu in labanitu; dabdbu paniu a a-qa-ba-kan-ni4R 61 vi 8, cf. dibbija §a aq-qa-ba-kan-niibid. i 17 (NA), and see dabdbu s. mng. 2b;obscure: damiqti AB.GUD.HI.A qd-bi-a-atthe good condition (?) of the cattle hasbeen declared(?) TLB 4 42:10 (OB let.); PNda-na-su i-qd-bi4 -Su-ma ICK 2 145: 11 (coll.M. T. Larsen), and see dannatu; dibbianniteiq-fi-bu-ni ABL 444 r. 7, cf. ABL 131 r. 12 (bothNA); dinam kizma imdat §arrim i ni-iq-bi-4u-nu-i-im let us give them a verdictin accordance with the royal decree JCS23 29 No. 1:32, cf. Kraus AbB 1 120:13, [aS]um. . . dnam kima imdatim qd-be-e-em CT52 135:3, cf. ibid. 5, 10; dinam qi-bi-a-iu-nu-i-im-ma TCL 17 21:21, cf. TCL 1 41:16(all OB); dina ina TJR Akkad li-iq-b[u-u]ABL 746:10 (NB); for dulpu see s.v.; seealso ikkillu usage c, inimmzi A, karquusage b, kazbitu, knatu; la Jalimta aq-fa-bi I spoke insincere things KAR 45r. 9, cf. KAR 39 r. 22, cf. ana la inati qd-be-e TIM 2 158 r. 12 (OB let.); see also le.muttu usage a, magirtu, magrztu usage a,merehtu A, nazqutu, nikiltu mng. 2; nibarrim PN ana akkdAa qi-pa-a4-6u-nu-ti-mi

ummaPN2-ma[.. .] li-iq-pa-mi (the judgessaid to PN2) "Let PN swear an oath to you,"- PN2 said, "Let him swear" JEN 362:20;andku purussdm . .. a-qa-ab-bi-e-ku-nu-§i-<im> should I be the one to tell youhow to proceed (with the offerings) ? ARM14 12 r. 8'; see also qibitu, qubb s. usageb, irhu mng. Ib, Sillatu; 6ulanunu ana6arri a-qab-bi I will report on their healthto the king ABL 1 r. 7 (NA); for 6ulmaqab4 "to pronounce a greeting," see s.v.;see also tudSu, tdbtu, (apiltu; (imam an=niam iq-bu-ku-nu-6i-im ul iq-b-u-nu-i-im did they or did they not give you(pl.) this report? ABIM 16: 16f., and passimin this text, and see temu; see also un:ni u.

k) to object: 6umma mimma i-qd-bi4ana hur6gimpka din if he objects, promise

qabf 2agold ICK 1 89:11, cf. 6umma mimma i-qd-bi4 -a-kum CCT 3 34a:27, and passim in OA;mdtum mimma la i-qa-be-kum the countrymust not bring you objections LaessoeShemshara Tablets 79 SH 812:52; RN ana PN-ma ina urkft umi mimma ul iq-ka-ab-biRN will not raise any objections to (hisson) PN in the future Wiseman Alalakh86:17 (OB); note without mimma: Jummai-qd-bi4 ana hurdaim pdkunu dina CCT 412a:22, cf. ma awlum i-qd-[bi] BIN 6 101:8,also ibid. 67:19 (all OA).

1) to ask: 6umma libbaki ana adpirijalu-uq-bi-ma 1 GIR.SIG6 .GA lillikakkim ifyou (fer.) wish, I will ask my supervisorthat a girseq go to you VAS 16 18:16;<ia> ta-aq-bi-a-am ul amgurka I couldnot oblige you with what you asked ofme ibid. 28:5 (both OB letters); mdre Bdbili. . . ereb Bdbili iq-bu-nim-ma uJSli4u kab=tati the Babylonians bade me enter Baby-lon and thus gladdened my heart WincklerSar. pl. 10 No. 22:298 and dupls.; in personalnames: Aq-bi-DINGIR YOS 6 221:15, wr.A-qa-bi-DINGIR Nbk. 393:4, BE 9 109:1, andpassim, abbr. A-qa-bu-ia Nbn. 542:2; Mnu-laq-bi ADD 761:2, Ki-la-aq-bi ADD App. 1xi 13.

2. to say in a written document, to list,enumerate - a) with the source indi-cated: la ki anne ina libbi adS qa-bi isit not written thus in the loyalty oath?ABL 656 r. 19 (NA); tppi x anniki ... §a... eqlu . . . uppu laqi qa-bi-u-ni tabletconcerning x tin in which it is said thatthe field (pledged) is considered trans-ferred (after the due date) KAJ 142:9 (MA);ina libbi NAM.BJR.BI-~i qa-bi it is saidin the pertinent apotropaic ritual ABL370:10 (NA); see also ar A mng. 2, liSdnumng. 3, Idtu mng. 2a; ina ERIM.HUS qa-bi(see libbu mng. 4a-2 'b ' Leichty Izbu p. 232ROM 991:4; ina libbi attali anne Sa MN iq-fi-bi ABL 46 r. 9 (NA); a ina tuppi qa-bi-u-ni-ma ana bitcte ildni . .. errab what islisted in the tablet goes into the temples(of GN) MVAG 41/3 16 iii 39 (MA); (the

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qabi 2bappurtenances) aa ina libbi dulli qa-bu-u-ni which are enumerated in the ritualABL 21:8 (NA).

b) without indication of the source:ak annie qa-bi ABL 405:8, r. 11, 647:17,see Parpola LAS No. 67; should the king askak& qa-bi ABL 74:22 (all NA); qdtdu laella ana muhhi qa-bi it is said about (him):his hands are impure Hunger Uruk 47:5;libb ipri DUG4.OA AfO 24 83:6 (comm.);§a qa-bu-u-ni ammeu md as that one hassaid (proverb follows) ABL 652 r. 9 (NA).

3. to make a statement, a deposition,to declare publicly, in court - a) withlegal implications - 1' in gen. - a' inOA: mahar annemma qi-bi4-ni-a-ti de-clare to us before these two (men) CCT1 47b: 17; PN entrusted a donkey withoutload to PN2 IGI PN3 PN [b]iltam [x]-ta-ula iq-bi4 PN did not declare before PN 3(that) .... the (donkey) load (entire text)ICK 1 163:9.

b' in OB: Jumma mussa ezeba iq-ta-bi if her husband declares publicly that hedivorces her CH § 141:46, also 53; kima xkaspam ... ilqu mahar dajdin iq-bi-maPBS 1/2 9:23, cf. ksbsunu mahar dajdniana pani PN iq-bu-u-ma TCL 1 157:45, andsee gibutu; under oath: §a-a-ma-nu-maina mahar ilim kasap iqulu i-qd-ab-bi-mathe buyer declares before the god the(amount of the) silver that he paid CH§ 281:92, cf. mahar ilim i-qd-ab-bu-maKraus Edikt § 5':39, also CH § 9:37, cf. inamahar Ninurta .ibituu iq-ta-bu-u AbB 528:15, ana pani dOUD DUMU dTU i-qa-biKAV 1 vii 16 (Ass. Code § 47); ina ni1 ilimlu-uq-bi-ma TIM 2 82:10 (OB let.); the wit-nesses ina KA dNIN.MAR.KI . . . iq-bu-u-ma Jean Tell Sifr 58:28, cf. Walters Water forLarsa 96:12.

c' in Elam: 'PN ... fPN 2 ... ana PN,fhala u PN4 kiparu ina pi ka-a iq-ba-aumma linama 'PN and 'PN2 (midwives)declared thus orally to PN3, the hallaofficial, and PN4, the kiparu official MDP

qabfi 3a23 288:5, cf. mahriunu iq-bi MDP 28424:21.

d' in MA: ki a' Zu 5a allassu anaepdSe i-qa-ab-bi-u-ni ndikdna eppuu theywill treat the adulterer just as the hus-band declares he will treat his wife KAV1 ii 34 (Ass. Code § 14).

e' in Nuzi: liSdnunu a PN a PN2u a [PN 3] iq-ta-bu-ni statement that PN,PN2, and PN3 made (statement follows)JEN 457:3, cf. 467:35, HSS 9 18:30, also (withana pani sibuti before witnesses) JEN 608:4, andpassim, (with ana pani dajdni before the judges)JEN 663:26, 666:13, and passim, also kzamiq-ta-bi TCL 9 19:3, wr. iq-ta-a-bi JEN591:12, kinanna iq-ta-bi HSS 19 97:29, andpassim; annuti fshuti a PN a ina panidajdni iq-bu-u these are PN's witnesseswho declared before the judges (as fol-lows) JENu 768:37, cf. JEN 650:7, also PN... ana panini iq-ta-bi PN declared beforeus (witnesses) HSS 9 108:28.

f in NB: fPN... ana dajdne a RNtaq-bi umma fPN made the (following)deposition before the judges of NabonidusNbn. 13:2, also Nbn. 356:2, 720:2, TCL 12 122:2;<mu>kinne Sa ina panilunu PN ana PN2iq-bu-u umma (these are) the witnessesbefore whom PN made the (following)declaration to PN2 Nbn. 69:5, cf. VAS 6 253:2,and passim, see mukinnu mng. lb-2', alsoqpdnu u mdr ban§ Sa ina paniunu PNiq-bi umma YOS 7 30:11, cf. ibid. 107:4, PN... ina puhri iq-ba-d-dii-nu-tu ummaYOS 6 78:14, fPN ina puhri ... taq-bi ummaibid. 154:5, cf. (the two accused) inapuhriiq-bu-u eli ramniunu ukinnu umma con-fessed in the assembly, saying YOS 797:11, see also mal'altu mng. 1; anamahar rabuti u dajdni ikcudunimma anaPN qipi Esagil iq-bu-/ umma TCL 12 120:18;note the exceptional use of IV/3 for 1/3:PN salta a alpi ki zpuS qdt .ibitti inaqdtifu ki agbata ki dbuku at-ta-na-aq-bi(for aqtanabbi) that PN stole the ox, thatI caught him red-handed, that I brought

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qabfl 3ahim here - I testify to all this YOS 6183:17.

2' uttering a legally binding phrasewith the formulaic phrase cited - a' withthe formulaic phrase in the negative -1" in OB: if the adopted son ul abiatta ul ummi atti iq-ta-bi says (to hisadoptive parents): You are not my father,you are not my mother CH § 192:7, cf.§ 282:99, BIN2 75:24, CT 8 22b:9, YOS 8 149:12and 17, BE 6/1 17:12 and 15, Ai. VII iii 25, 30,TIM 4 15:13, also with i-qa-bi-ma ibid.50:16; Summa PN... ul aSatg-mi atti i-qa-ab-bi BRM 4 52:8, cf. ibid. 13, also MeissnerBAP 90:14 and 20, TCL 1 61:12, CT 8 7b:15and 19, Riftin 1:8, wr. NU DAM.A.NI iq-ta-bi-i (var. ula allati atti BA.NA.AN.DUG 4 )YOS 14 344:8, var. from case; if the slave girlul beti atti iq-ta-bu CT 8 22b:9; if fPN[ul a-p]il-ti i-qd-ab-bi-ma CT 47 65a:34;in Sum. formulation: ad.da.mu nu.me.en . . . ba.na.an.dug 4.mei GenouillacKich 1 B 17:5, 11, 15, also BE 6/2 4:20, andpassim, dumu.me nu.me.en ba.na.an.dug 4 .u§ RA 26 106:25, ba.an.na.dug 4(.e) YOS 8 152:17 and 24, BE 6/224:17 and 25, Jean Tell Sifr 97:14' and 20', andpassim, wr. ba. an. du.U UET 5 96:15 and19; tukum.bi ... nu ama.mu i.bi.aBIN7 163:23; tukum.bi PN... nu. DUMU.uS.mu nu.me.en in.na.ab.b6 CT45 101:23.

2" in Elam: Sa ul mdrtu atti i-qa-ab-bu-u MDP 23 285:19; awzlum anaawili[m] ul ah atta i-qa-bu-ma 10 MA.NAkaspam ilaqqal MDP 28 425:24; mamma... Sa ul nadin i-qa-ab-[bu] whoever(among the heirs) says: It (the field) isnot given MDP 22 138:19, also 137:16, MDP23 284:22, 287:5, MDP 24 379:12, 381:12,382:17; §a ngmelam PN ul ikkal i-qa-ab-bu-uwhoever would say: PN has no share in theprofit MDP 28 426:19; a ul zzadku ulmesdku . . i-qa-ab-bu-i-ma MDP 18 241:7,and passim, see mesiZ v. mng. 3b.

3" in kudurrus: whoever in the futureeqlu ul niditti Sarri-mi i-qa-bu-i says:

qabf 3aThe field is not a royal grant BE 1/2 149ii 8, also BBSt. No. 7 ii 7, MDP 6 pl. 10 iv 21,and passim, 8a ... bitdti ,udtu ul nadnumakaspu ul mahir i-qab-bu-u VAS 1 70 ii 4,also 1R 70 ii 18, and passim, note with qabuboth preceding and following the quote:§a idlakkinuma i-qa-bu-u eqlu ul maSihu kunukku ul kaniki i-qa-bu-u BBSt. No. 8iii 16f., VAS 1 35 r. 45 and 47, note a .. .andku la idi i-qab-bu-u VAS 1 36 vi i.

4" in MB, NB: if the adopted daughterul ummi i-qd-ab-bi-ma says: She is notmy mother BE 14 40:19, cf. ibid. 17 (MB);whoever raises a claim umma bit Sutummacudtu ul nadinma kaspu ul mahir i-qab-bu-u (will repay the silver twelvefold)BE 8 3:29, and passim, wr. i-qd-bu-u AnOr 88 r. 29, and passim, Wr. DUG4.GA-i TCL 1219:27; a illdmma ... i-qa-bu-u ummabitu udtu ul nadinma kas-pa ul mahir Dar.245:25, and passim.

5" in MA: 6umma PN la a4-[] a-ti-mii-qa-db-bi x kaspa i.LA.E u Summa fPN 2la mu-ti-mi ta-qa-db-bi x [kaspa] talaqqalTIM 4 45:11 and 14, cf. [umma 'PN] ...[ul ummil atti ana fPN 2 i-qa-bi KAJ 3 r. 3;Summa PN la ammigirmi i-qa-bi (seemagaru mng. 10b) KAJ57:18 and21; Summaittekir la idema i-qa-ab-bi KAV 1 iii 66 (Ass.Code § 24).

6" in Nuzi: if the slave girl leavesPN's house u kiam i-qa-ab-bi andku laGAME-mi and says thus: I am not a slavegirl (and my sons are not slaves) JEN449:9, also JAOS 55 pl. 2 No. 1:40.

b' with the formulaic phrase in thepositive: u 4 .kiur.6 GI9.SAR.mu nu.ub.bi. m mu DN Ui RN in.pad he took anoath by DN and RN that he will not sayin the future: It is my orchard YOS 14263:10, also OECT 8 3:13, and passim, also6.mu nu.ub.bi.a TCL 106:10, 7A:9, var.la i-qd-bu ibid. 7B:ll (case), wr. nu.ub.bi. .a ibid. 32:16, nu.u[b.b]i. ibid.130:13, tukum.bi 6.mu na.ab.bi.aif he says, "The (sold) house is mine"

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qabfi 3b(he pays x silver) BIN 7 106:16; a. A.mu(!) nu.un.na.ab.bi.am FrankStrass-burger Keilschrifttexte 29:12, GIS.SAR. <mu >nu.na.ab.bi.a VAS 13 98a:15 (case), butnu.dug 4 .dug 4 .ga ibid. 98:14 (tablet);rarely in Akk. formulation: U4.KfJR.§EU 4.NU.ME.AK ARAD la-a i-qd-bu-ma ni-i$DN DN2 RN IN.PAD.MES (manumission ofa slave) BIN 2 76:11, also RA 70 47:18 (allOB); aplu a PN u PN2 eqlum nuttum i-qa-bu-u-ma if the heirs of PN and PN2 say:The field is ours MDP 23 200:47, cf. ibid. 49.

c' other occs.: whoever almi-me i-qd-pi-u declares: It is my statue AfO 20 64xxiv 33 (RimuS), also ibid. 55 xviii 33, wr. i-qd-bi-u ibid. 77 i 15 (Naram-Sin); 6umma awilummimmuiu la haliqma mimm& haliq iq-ta-biif a man whose property was not lostdeclares: Some property of mine waslost CH § 126:12, cf. § 9:12 and 17, restoredfrom Ni. 2553+, cited Borger Babylonisch-Assy-rische Lesestiicke p. 24, cf. [. . .] halaq-meiq-bi AfO 12 52 r. 6 (Ass. Code Text M); if aman wishes to disinherit his son and anadajdni madr anassah iq-ta-bi declaresbefore the judges: I will disinherit my sonCH§ 168:14, cf. Summa ... abum... .mdriaiq-ta-bi if the father declares: They aremy sons CH § 170:45, cf. § 171:65; ma alliti-1t i-qa-ab-bi he declares: She is my wife

KAV 1 vi 4 (Ass. Code § 41); if a wife ultahhazanni iq-ta-bi says (to her husband):You will not have me as wife any longerCH § 142:62, and passim; kaspam ula nilqe ulai-qd-ab-bu-u they must not say: We didnot take the silver CT 2 37:20 (OB); PNcontested the field bib eqlija S~ iq-bi-maMDP 6 pl. 9 ii 18 (MB kudurru).

b) in lit.: nam.mah.zi dug 4.ga :narbili lu-uq-bi I will proclaim yourgreatness KAR 73 r. 25f., cf. BMS 27:24, also12:93, and passim in the final doxology of prayers,see narb4 lex. section; liq-bu-i litta'idulidlula dalit Zu En. el. VII 24.

4. to give an order, to decree, to enjoin- a) said of gods - 1' in gen.: ASAur

qabf 4abelu mahdza erilannima epeS atmanilu iq-ba-a AASur, the lord, requested a sanc-tuary from me and enjoined me to build anabode for him Weidner Tn. 28 No. 16:90, 31 No.17:42, also AKA 96 vii 75, cf. epel ali . ..iq-bu-u-ni Lyon Sar. 9:55; the gods whomigir mdtiJunu ruppula iq-bi-u-ni com-manded me to extend the boundary oftheir land AKA 34 i 49, cf. ana GN ...ana aldki iq-ba-a ibid. 52 iii 40 (Tigl. I),225:27 (Asn.), WO 4 32 v 4 (Shalm. III), cf.also ultu DN ... iq-bu-u-ni aldku BorgerEsarh. 98 r. 36, also Streck Asb. 196:22, 5R 35:15(Cyr.), and passim; see also bu'uru mng. la;Marduk ... aSdblu iq-bi Borger Esarh. 15Ep. 10:9, cf. ASur ... liq-ba-a aSdblunmay DN decree that they (the palaces) beinhabited Winckler Sar. pl. 25 No. 54:72, cf.also iq-ba-a sapdh [mdtiSu] PiepkornAsb. 102 iv 16, also Streck Asb. 204 v 38; I,Assurbanipal a ... iq-bu-u epe §ar=rutiu for whom (the gods) decreed thathe exercise the kingship Streck Asb. 290:18,and passim; to rebuild the temple tower ofBabylon Marduk belu jdUi iq-bi-a VAB4 60 i 41 (Nabopolassar), cf. epeu iq-bi-(parallel: edeum ittabi ii 14) ibid. 142 ii 16,also ibid. 110 iii 36 (Nbk.); abcbu a ta-qd-ab-b[i-a-ni-in-ni] the flood that you (pl.)order me (to bring about) Lambert-MillardAtra-hasis 84 II vii 44 (OB); ana hulluq nizjaqabla aq-bi-ma (see qablu B mng. 2a) Gilg.XI 121; DN DN2 ... liq-bi-u arrani...ina libbi ziqniunu KU§.DA.E.SIR-ka lu=6akkilu may DN, DN2 decree that (all) kingswipe your shoes with their beards Iraq20 182 No. 39:29 (NA let.), coll. Postgate, Iraq35 22; aSu ni idadme6 a taq-bu-u gamdl4inas for the inhabitants of the world whomyou told (me) to spare Cagni Erra I 107;you, Marduk ta-qab-bi nessu decree hishealing AfO 19 65 iii 16, also JRAS Cent.Supp. pi. 2:19 (SB lit.); halpl liniki Ea belnagbi ta-ni-ih-ki liq(!)-bi (var. ta-ni-huliq-bi-ki) may frost extinguish you (fire),may Ea, lord of springs, order yourcalming down AfO 23 41:23 (inc.); note withina pi: when my lord Ea ina KA-SU ellim

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qabf 4a

iq-bi-a-am-ma gave me an order per-sonally (lit. with his holy mouth) AfO 12365:11 (Takil-iliggu of Malgium), cf. PBS 7 133 i 22(Hammurapi), CT 37 1i 23 (Samsuiluna), cf. alsoina KA-SU kabtim li-iq-bi may (Enlil) withhis weighty word decree (his ruin) CHxlii 80 (epilogue), also AKA 253 v 101 (Asn.);iq-bi ina izt pi-i-gi VAS 1 37 i 31 (NBkudurru); note the idiom ilu lu la i-qa-biheaven forbid (for context see ilu mng. 1 f)AfO 17 270:13 (MA harem edicts).

2' in dreams, through divination,oracles: kma . . . birum . .. ana la ao4miq-bu-ui-i-im-ma (see bdr usage a-1PBS 7 125:17 (OB let.); 8amal and Adad gaveme a favorable answer ana napdh ami... iq-bu-u petdAu and ordered that it(the gate) face east OIP 2 145:15 (Senn.),cf. ibid. 137:30, cf. Sama ina anniu keniiq-ba-a [. . .] Streck Asb. 180:20; tereti. . . iq-bu-ni ereb bit mumme Borger Esarh.83 r. 24, cf. §a taq-ba-a ibid. 82 r. 18, also(referring to a dream) VAB 4 218 i 24 (Nbn.);ASMur ina utti ... iq-ti-b[a-d-Su'] ABL923:7, see Parpola LAS No. 117, cf. ABL 1021:16;see also biru A usage b; Jupiter throughreaching its hypsoma in MN iq-ba-a epeeecommanded the building (of the temple)Borger Esarh. 18 Ep. 14 ii 44; §a kunnu palejaqi-ba-ma naplisc ahame decree (Sin and

amag) that my reign be long-lasting bylooking at one another (i.e., being in op-position) PBS 1/2 106 r. 22; mimma §ailu ana ahija i-qd-bu-u gupra write mewhat the god (you ask) says to (you)my brother ABL 901 r. 11 (NB).

3' uttering blessings and curses:Ninurta ... ardk imeja liq-bi um'udganatija littazkar AKA 211:25 (Asn.), cf.kunnu paleja liq-bu-u dira ddra Lyon Sar.19:102; i-bi ardku imja qi-bi littuti VAB4 88 No. 7 ii 29 (Nbk.), cf. Iraq 24 95:40 (Shalm.Il); qi-bi-ma ina qibtiki ilu zeni lislimSTC 2 pi. 82:85, cf. qi-ba-a-ma inaqibtikunu x x xA d-ni-na PBS 1/2 106:25;[q] i-bi-ma belu rab Marduk mir damiqtiliqbi Limet Sceaux Cassites 7.9:1 (from photo-

qabf 4b

graph); qi-ba-ma annanna ... liblut CT23 1:7; with object specified (alphabet-ically arranged): Ea ba-la-at-ka li-iq-biKAR 158 i 3, and passim in this text at the endof song groups; Belet Nina ummu dlittijaurruka arrutu . . . Belet Arba-ili bdnitijataq-ba-a TI.LA ddrdte DN, the mother whobore me, decreed a long reign, DN2, mycreator, long-lasting life OECT 6 pl. 11K.1290 r. 16 (prayer of Asb.), see von Soden,AfD 25 47; for other refs. see baldu s.mng. lb-1'; the gods who had fled is=sahrunimma i-qab-bu-u baniti returned(to Babylon) and were blessing me AnSt8 62 iii 13 (Nbn.), and see banitu mng. 2;DN qa-bu-u damqdti RAcc. 130:26, qd-ba-a-ti damqdtija VAB 4 164 B vi 7, and passim,and see damiqtu mng. 1a-1', dumqu mng.4a; riminnima Itar qi-bi(var. -bi) -i nahdSaBMS 8:3, var. from KAR 250:18; note in theblessing formulas of letters: DN u DN2 tublibbi u tub ziri a 6arri belija li-iq-bu-uABL 852:7, and passim in similar phrases in ABL,6ulum u baldfu Sa abija liq-bu-u YOS 3130:4, and passim in NB, see Salonen GruBformeln99-103; note in curses: whoever changesthis agreement Anu u Itar u add SaRN haliqu liq-bu-u (see adi B usage b) AnOr8 14:33, and passim, cf. Itar u NandHA.A-ka liq-ba-a4 TCL 12 36:20, and passimin NB leg.; for la baldssu liqb see baldtus. mng. 2a-3'; see also lemuttu usage a.

4' in personal names: Taq-bi-lfirBE 10 60:18, TCL 12 16:3, 68:19; Iq-bi-DINGIRTCL 5 pl. 31 6041:9 (OAkk.), and see MAD 3 224,also, wr. Iq-bi-DINGIR Postgate PalaceArchive17:45, 120:13, 19, Ninurta-E ibid. 18:15,Nabu-iq-bi ibid. 103:11, and passim in NA; seealso adi conj. usage a-1'; DN-iq-bi UET4 87:10, 154:11, wr. E ibid. 134:3 (NB),Qi-bi-AISur AfO 23 79:4, wr. Qi-bi-Aiurcited AfO 13 114, etc., see Saporetti Onomastica2 147 s.v. qabd'u; obscure: AiSur-a-bat-su-E A§§ur-Commanded-His- .... TCL 957:3 and 8 (NA).

b) said of kings: x eqlam 6arrum na-da-<na>-am iq-bi-a-am the king in-

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qabfi 4bstructed me to give (him) x land OECT 336:10, and passim, cf. belni . . naddnammaipirSunu la lsidm iq-bi TCL 7 17:16, andpassim in OB; Sarru rakissunu rakdsa . ..iq-ba-ak-ku the king ordered you to makethe treaty with them Aro, WZJ 8 570 HS112:31 (MB let.); the footmen bit Sarrui-qab-bu-u-ni iddunu pass (firewood) asthe king orders MVAG 41/3 62 ii 16 (MArit.); ji-iq-bi Sarru ana naddni ana arad[kittiSu] the king gave orders to give(donkeys) to his loyal servant EA 94:74(let. of Rib-Addi); if RN amdte fa aq-bu-ula eppu§ does not execute the orders Igave him MRS 9 55 RS 17.334:18; k aSarru... iq-ba-a etepul CT 22 248:5 (MBlet.); duru . . . ana napdli aq-ba-aum-maI ordered him to tear down his wall AKA81 vi 28 (Tigl. I); ana Bdbili iq-ta-bi aldkaWO 4 32 v 4 (Shalm. III), cf. Unger Reliefstele13, 19, Lie Sar. 273, and passim in Sar., Senn.,Asb., also qereb ... Bdbili aq-ti-bi aldkuOIP 2 50:16; simak ama. .. ubn aq-bi-ma Lyon Sar. 7:43, cf. epessu aq-biibid. 8:49, also Borger Esarh. 19 ii 2, JAOS 88126 ib 15; a tdmti ana lad a gadi anatdmti aSdbunu aq-bi I ordered that theseashore dwellers settle in the mountains,the mountain dwellers on the seashoreBorger Esarh. 58 v 20, cf. ururun aq-biOIP 2 70:26 (Senn.), rimu arZi4uniti baldnapiltiSunu aq-bi Streck Asb. 40 iv 95; I didnot destroy Babylon ul aq-ta-bi sapdhuI did not order that it be dispersed RAcc.144:424; Sarru belini li-iq-bi bitdte lukalli=mundAi let the king, our lord, give ordersthat they designate storerooms for usABL 86 r. 3 (NA); minu a Sarru belF i-qab-b-u--ni lilpuruni ABL 21 r. 4, also 1056 r. 11,cf. ABL 132 r. 11, 311 r. 7, cf. minu a arrui-qab-bu-ni what is it that the kingorders? ABL 50 r. 10, also 56 r. 9, 122:11,136 r. 4, 1378 r. 13, and passim at the end ofletters, note minmu a Sarru i-qab-bu-u-niliq-bi ABL 246 r. 16f.; k Sa Sarru belzi-qa-bu-u-ni ina pitte npuS ABL 149 r. 13, cf.ABL 241 r. 12, 315:17, 966 r. 3 and 7, (withimmat) ABL 384 r. 4, (with ki magi) ABL 1126:6

qabi 4d(all NA), zki a Sarru iq-bu- ABL 516:14(NB); §ummu Sarru bel' i-qab-bi if theking says the word ABL 18:14, of. ABL74:21, 252 r. 17, cf. kajamdnu 6arru belii-qab-bi-ia md ABL 391:8 (all NA), cf. also6umma Sarru belf i-qab-bi ABL 168:20 (NA),371 r. 11, 389 r. 2 (NB); a andku a-qab-ba-di-i-na-a-tu ippusa' libbi a andkugebdka what I order them (to do), theyexecute as I wish VAB 3 89 § 4:24 (Dar.).

c) said of judges, officials: the judgeszbfu. . . tmam. . . turram iq-bu-u orderedthat the witnesses report back (to theassembly) PBS 5 100 ii 8, cf. DI.KUD eze-baiq-bu BE 6/1 59:7, ana arna emediu iq-bu-u-ma CT 2 47:28, DI.KUD.ME § uppam... hepiam iq-bu-u CT 8 43a:11, alsodajdnu i-qd-ab-bu-ni-a-i-im-ma amtamnutdr if the judges order us to, we willreturn the slave girl TLB 4 2:22 (all OB);the king has sent you his commissioneru §a i-qab-pa-ku limdiSu damqi4 danni6and follow very carefully what he ordersyou (to do) RA 19 105:9 (EA).

d) other occs.: a i-qa-ab-bu-u immagsgar whatever he says will be agreed uponMDP 14 49 i 21 (MB dream omens), cf. afarta-qd-ab-bu-u tammaggar CT 2 48:15 (OBlet.), see also magdru mng. lb, 3a; uS,guru i-qab-bi (someone) will order hisrelease Dream-book 313 r. ii x+7, cf. naqdruqa-bi-du ibid. 316:y+4; kima ta-qd-ab-bi-ilinnepul let it be done as you (fem.)order Kraus AbB 1 70:20, also ibid. 7:26,mimma §a ta-qd-bu lipuu BIN 7 21:19,cf. also En. el. V 116, kN Sa a-qab-ba-ki epiLambert Love Lyrics 118 col. B 27, cf. Bab. 12pl. 8:5f. (Etana); note the aposiopesis: aJta.prakkum a ta-qd-ab-bu-u I am writingyou herewith, (I will do) whatever youorder OECT 3 60:23, also ana PA MAR.TUatapram a PA MAR.TU i-qd-ab-bu TCL17 30:21, also [a t]a-qd-ab-bu- (all endsof letters) PBS 7 62:40 (all OB); allu ipru

dSu Sa taq-bu- epiSa Cagni Erra I 131,also 149, cf. ipra Sa i-qa-bi-i-ni-Su-nieppa KAJ 99:12 (MA), and see 8ipru; qi-

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qabfl 4dban-na-an-na-i-ma nipu YOS 7 70:10(NB); adi eriqqdtim la i-qd-bi-ma eriqqdtimla nueMar if he does not give ordersconcerning the wagons, we will not makethe wagons ready TCL 19 3:17; (he said)mimma la ta-qd-bi-a-am u 10 MA.NA lata-qd-bi-am do not give me any orders,do not tell me (to pay him) ten minasBIN 4 28:8f.; Sa TUR GAL pahhurim ...ana tupgarrim i-qd-bi4-- ma ... .upahharthey will order the scribe to convene theassembly and he will convene it JSOR11 102 No. 19:5, see Larsen The Old AssyrianCity-State p. 285 n. 2; kaspam 1 ofN a kim[a]ta-qd-bi4 -a-ni ina tuppikunu luptanimmaannakam andku laddin record (pl.) in yourtablet, and I myself will pay here, everysingle shekel of silver (spent on sendingme the tablet) according to your ownstatement CCT 5 2b: 17; zimam Sa i-qd-bi-a-ku-nu-ti-ni idmama TCL 19 54:14, cf. malaPN iimam i-qd-bi4 -u Or. NS 36 396 n. 2c:32,sahirtam §a x x aq-bi-a-ku-ni TCL 20120:10(all OA); qi-bi-ma aMSdbum ina bitim li.iTCL 18 134:11, cf. kia rab2tika qi-bi-ma

enam . .. literru VAS 16 157:23, also ibid.29, 191:19, and passim in OB; see also amhlTtumng. 3b; qi-bi u lu tuwaMaruna unutulugive orders that they release his equip-ment ZA 63 71:11 (Kamid el-Loz); PN ananaqirim u epeSim iq-bi-um-ma PN toldhim (the joint owner of the party wall)to rebuild it completely UET 5 236:7 (OB);atta ana rapdsi iq-bu-ka-mi u dimtaka ananapdli iq-bu-k[a] they ordered you to beflogged and ordered that your manor betorn down AASOR 16 3:33f. (Nuzi); (thewool?) a ana mahdqi beTliiq-ba-a that mylord ordered me to weave BE 17 34:15(MB let.); qi-bi-ma ... luebiluni giveorders that they send (wax from Eanna)YOS 3 62:26 (NB let.), qi-i-bi-ma qandtiliq(e)lupu' (see qaldpu mng. la) CT 22217:26 (NB let.), and passim in NB with followingoptative; note qi-bi-ma lurubma say theword (addressing the doorkeeper ) so thatI may enter STT 38:26 and 120 (Poor Manof Nippur), see AnSt 6 150ff.; with inf. object

qabft 4eor (when qab~ is in the stative) subject:a soldier §a ana harrdn 6arrim aldkuqd-bu-u who is ordered to do royal serviceCH § 26:1; the silver ana PN turram aq-bi-6i VAS 16 1:23; tdram aq-bi-a-ku-um-maul taturam ibid. 52:5; puhti eqlim gudtinaddnam belz iq-ta-bi TLB 4 74:29; aSSumkaspim ... a Iuddunam u 1 TYoG dmamaq-bu-kum as for the silver that I orderedyou to collect and to buy a garment withTIM 2 93:9, and passim in OB, cf. PN puhqdbim ... naddnum qd-bi-i-gum OECT 361:16, also PN a qd-bu-Sum ibid. 31; ummawagdm iq-ta-bu-ni-ik-ku-ti-im $e if theyorder you to leave, leave! Laessoe Shem-shara Tablets 32 SH 920:13; ina qdtim kul=la8unu aq-bi ARM 1 8:7; a bet.. . napdlaiq-ba-a (see napdlu A mng. 2b-2) BE17 35:7 (MB let.).

e) (in the stative) to be ordained,decreed, authorized, under an obligation:ina milki a ilz qa-bi-ma it has beenordained through the decision of thegods Gilg. P. iv 35 (OB), cf. ina ill qa-batBMS 11:14; ndri Hubur eb-bi-ri qa-bu-uultu ulla it has been decreed from thebeginning that (mankind) must cross theHubur river (to the nether world) LambertBWL 70:17 (Theodicy); umma mutdnuSumma lemuttu DUG4.GA-SU CT 39 45:27(SB Alu), note with ina pi: ina pi amalu Adad ... qa-bi-i kin IM 67692:312(tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert), and passim,see kdnu A mng. 4b-1'; kaspam ituKdni elbulam qd-bi-a-ak I am underinstructions to transport the silver fromGN Hecker Giessen 35:11, cf. TCL 14 23:37,x copper laqd'am qd-bi-a-kum BIN 6 28:16;hurd am .. . apdlam qd-bi-u TCL 19 83:15;aMumi x kaspim a PN ana PN2 Saqalamqd-bi4-i taSpuranim you (pl.) wrote meconcerning the x silver that PN was in-structed to pay to PN2 CCT 5 6b:23, alsoRA 59 169 MAH 19607:6, ICK 1 38b:10, also6aqdlam qd-bi4-a-ti RA 60 143:26, wr. qd-db-a-tf BIN 6 205:9, and passim in OA, seeLandsberger, ZA 38 278, J. Lewy, MVAG 33

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qabft 5a

No. 202 note a; tuppam §a x URUDU a inaGN ina suhuppim laqd'am qa-bi4-a-ti-nitablet concerning x copper that you havebeen authorized to take from the depotin GN CCT 2 31:25; atypical: if you goback on the settled agreement u andkuana awdtim gamrdtim a ana abika ti-wa-ra-am-mi Id qd-bi4-a-ku-ni atuwarmathen I too will go back on the settledagreement that I was not supposed(?) togo back on toward your father CCT 341a:22; tuppa dannata PN ana PN2 anatadini qa-bi PN (the seller) was orderedto hand over the binding agreement toPN2 (the buyer) KAJ 132:11 (MA); a hittaSuniana mudte qa-bu-u-ni (the king has par-doned) the one who had committed acrime and been ordered to die ABL 2:22(NA); the king §a epee .almi udtu qa-bu-6um-ma udgulu panuu (see dagdlu mng.5c) BBSt. No. 36 iv 6 (NB).

5. to promise - a) in gen.: 30 manalaptam ta-aq-bi-a-ma you (pl.) promisedme thirty minas of wool TCL 4 44:8, cf.ibid. 15; x kaspam Sa bdb abullim ta-aq-bi-a-ni e-bilam send me the x silver thatyou promised me in the gate office ibid.13:23, cf. kaspam Sa aq-bi-[u]-ni ... ueb=balakkum KTS 32b:21, cf. also BIN 6 197:5,CCT 3 15:15; Kt.BABBAR 1 GfN a qd-ba-im aq-bi I promised every possible shekelof silver ibid. 7f.; awildtim [ni] batma... 5 MA.NA KtR.BABBAR iq-bi4 -a-nim weseized the (two) women and they prom-ised us five minas of silver CCT 5 8b:20;in 1/3: 7 TtOG.TA ta-aq-ta-bi-a-am TCL20 90:29 (all OA); summa ina kittim ahz attale'am §a ta-aq-bu-u arhi idinma if youare in truth my brother, promptly deliverthe barley that you promised AJSL 32277:11, cf. kaspam §a ta-aq-bi-a-am 6ibi=lam CT 33 25a:6, also BiOr 10 14:5, cf. 1 GUD... Sa ana abija aq-bu- ibid. r. 9; tuppZPN kima aq-bu-kum ultdbilakkum herewithI am sending you by PN('s hand) myletter, as I promised you VAS 16 123:8; xkaspam ta-aq-bi Sumer 14 40 No. 17:8, cf. BIN

qabf 5a7 23:5 (all OB letters), 2 MA.NA kaspam ajdlimiq-be-em-ma ARM 14 17:10; e-a-im a PNiq-bu- PN2 ul iddin the barley that PNpromised, PN2 did not deliver ZA 55 134:4(Shemshara let.); all the rest of the (gold)articles a abuka ana Aibuli iq-bu-u thatyour father (Amenophis III) had promisedto send EA 27:42 (let. of Tutratta), cf. ibid.49; the judges said 1 AN§E a ta-aq-bu[x I]a(?) tutt&r you did not return thedonkey that you promised (to return)JAOS 55 pl. 3 No. 2:23 (Nuzi), cf. x barleyana naddni iq-ta-bi UCP 9 410:12; inaITI a ka-bu-u anandin §umma ina ITI<Sa> qa-bu-u lubdra ana PN la anandinI will repay in the month which was prom-ised, if I do not repay the clothing inthe month promised (I will pay an addi-tional set of clothing) HSS 5 36:11f., cf.ibid. 34:7; Summa ina umi qa-bu-2i §E.ME§la inandinu HSS 19 126:11 and 26, cf. inaumi a qa-bu-u AASOR 16 95:10, RA 23 101No. 18:14 (all Nuzi); amilu a nudunn~ anamdrtiSu iq-bu-ma lu tuppi iIuruSu a manwho promised a dowry to his daughter orgave her a written document (about it)SPAW 1889 828 (pl. 7) iii 24 (NB laws); lddni.. .uSdtirma eli Sa abu bdnija iq-bu-u addin uI gave him (Sama-§um-ukin) more cities(fields, etc.) than my father had promisedStreck Asb. 28 iii 77; bita Sa arru iq-bu-uliddinuni let them give me the house thatthe king promised ABL 1261 r. 3 (NB), cf.Summa taq-ta-bi-ma idin Lambert BWL104:150, also i-qab-bu-Su-ma (var. i-qab-bi-ma) la inandinu4u AMT 96,7:8, var. fromKAR 26:7; note ina libbiu u pi-i-Su iq-bu-u la iddinu (who) promised sincerelyand then did not give Surpu II 74; xfield a PN ... ana PN2 iq-bu-u Nbn.760:4, of. ibid. 17, Camb. 214:4; adi ki 4a aq-bu-u-ni eppa4uni addanakkanni until I(Ninlil) do and give you what I prom-ised Craig ABRT 1 26:3 (NA oracles),cf. I (Itar) mttutu RN... ki Sa aq-bu-ueppuS Streck Asb. 24 iii 7; [aq]-bi-ma eniI made a promise but I took it backJNES 33 280:124, and passim in rel.; in per-

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qabf 5bsonal names: mdNin.8ubur.dug 4.nu.b a 1. b al = mdPap-sukkal-Sd-iq-bu-ul-i-ni5R 44 ii - iii 51, see Lambert, JCS 11 13; forother occs. and personal names see endv. mng. le-2'.

b) with inf. objects: clothing allowanceSa PN ana PN2 naddnam iq-bu- that PNpromised to give to PN2 TCL 10 104:9, cf.ibid. 108:9 (OB); note: ERfN.HI.A ana libbidlim 6irubum ul qd-bi nothing was saidabout allowing the men to enter the city(they should spend the night outside thewalls) Bagh. Mitt. 2 56 i 16; PNx iE anajdfi ..iq-bi ana naddni u §E.ME§ PN ul iddinmiPN promised to give me x barley (as thepurchase price for the fields) but he didnot deliver it JEN 383:17, cf. RA 23 156No. 55:16, and passim in Nuzi; sakdp Urarfi. . . aq-bi-6u-nu-ti-ma irhiqu libbu I prom-ised them the overthrow of GN and thusgave them comfort TCL 3 61 (Sar.).

6. to permit: my slave girl ran awayand ina biti a PN ana aAdbi iq-ta-bu-uthey permitted her to stay in PN's house-hold HSS 9 9:7 (Nuzi); [e]peg 6arrutiu aq-bi-ma I allowed (him, the defeated king)to exercise his kingship Lie Sar. 183; thetemple a ... Sama . . . ana manama§arri mahrim la imguruma la iq-bi- epeuwhich gamag did not deign to permit anyformer king to rebuild VAB 4 100 No. 12ii 5 (Nbk.).

7. to name, call: ndhira §a si s Satdmti i-qa-bu--u-ni a whale, which theycall "horse of the sea" AfO 18 344:25(Tigl. I); (the building) a altammu aItar i-qa-bi-4-6u-ni AOB 1 90:19 (Adn. I),GN a GN 2 DUG4 .GA--4-ni Layard 17:6 (Tigl.III), and passim, wr. i-qab-bu-Su-d-ni RostTigl. III p. 30:175, and passim in Asn., Shalm. III,Sar.; erget bdb mazri Sa E-/ erget DNBRM 2 54:2, cf., wr. i-qab-bu- VAS 1527:4 (both NB); MU.ME§ abul DN u abulDN 2 . . . aq-bi-ma I gave (the preceding)names to the DN Gate and the DN2 GateLyon Sar. 11:70, cf. dalat birri a i-qa-bu-

qaba 8au-ni (see birru) ZA 51 140:68 (NA); dTi.mu. a h6.ri.in.e. e : Ihtar-kakkabi liq-bu-ki let them call you DN TCL 6 51 r. 13f.,cf. Damkianna... i-qab-bu-u-ni JNES 33225: 11, and passim in this text, cf. also LamaStui-qab-bu-4i 4R Add. p. 10 'to pl. 56 i 35, alsoibid. 34 f., 37; DN la iq-bu-nik-kaDN2 la ilsikado they not call you DN? Do they notaddress you as DN2 ? Pallis Akitu pl. 10r. 17 and 20; T.BU (r pa-ti i-qab-bu-ni.-u-nu they call them the BU plant and

the ... .- plant ABL 1370 r. 12, see ParpolaLAS No. 247 r. 17; UD.4.KAM U4 -mu GIBILni-qab-ba-a4-£i ABL 354:15, see Parpola LASNo. 46; UD.17.KAM 5a terubti DUG4 .GA-LKA 73:2, cf. ibid. 3, 12, note a ina p ini4zDUG4 .GA-U ibid. 15; e-li-a Sa UGU 6arrii-qab-b[i-u] (see eliu s.) KAR 140 r. 8,see Ebeling Parfiimrez. p. 39; pind pe4ui agardbu i-qab-bu-[x] (see gardbu mng. 1)AMT 84,4 iii 9; I installed an officer ofmine over Kummuhu turtdnu bit umetliaq-bi-6u-ma and named him vice-turtdnu(lit. turtdnu of the left) Lie Sar. p. 72:10,cf. Ia muhhi bdbi i-qab-bu-ni4-Id (see bdbuin Sa muhhi bdbi) ABL 277 r. 7; note withana: when I send one thousand men ana10 limi i-qa-ab-bu-u they call it ten thou-sand ARM 2 23 r. 20', cf. ibid. r. 19', ana10 MA.NA kaspam Idtu i-qa-ab-b[u-u7 ARM6 44:9.

8. to designate, indicate, show - a) ingen.: mimma a ibbitimma uSgeianni . .li-iq-bi4 -a-ku-um-ma she should indicateto you everything that she removed fromthe house CCT 5 49b:11; unfortunatelyour father died awassu la iq-bi4 withoutmaking his final disposition CCT 2 33:4(both OA); I will send you the silver u luana mamman a ta-qd-bu-u lulqul or Iwill pay it to whomever you designateKraus AbB 1 124:28; aar ihliqi li-iq-bi-kum-ma (ask PN) he should indicate toyou where they were lost ibid. 122:27;aSar i-qa-ab-bu-i kaspam luddin CT 63c: 12, cf. alar abI i-qd-ab-bu- luddinCT 29 20:18 (all OB), mali Sa i-qa-bu anad=

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qabf 8bdin MDP 22 165:5; [aS]ar i-qab-bu-u iqab=birulu ADD 647 r. 22, see Postgate RoyalGrants No. 9:55; ina pi ndrdtim a aq-bu-kum ikni ukunma make ... .-s at themouth of the canals that I have indicatedto you OECT 3 2:12, also ibid. 7; em Samai-qd-bi-ned-i-im nillak VAS 16 8:18; ?ibs§a i-qd-ab-bu-kum ana mahrija furdamsend me the witnesses that he designatesto you LIH 2:13; hatztum ~dti §a ibbaluana panim li-iq-bi he should indicatestraightforwardly the damage that oc-curred Bagh. Mitt. 2 58 iii 15 (all OB letters);x eqla ina dli a i-qa-bi-i-ni-Su-ni e id(in lieu of interest) he will reap x landin the city that they will designate to himKAJ 50:12 (MA), cf. mannu Sa larru ...[] -qab-bu-u-ni lizziz whichever (of thecourtiers) the king designates should doservice ABL 17 r. 15 (NA), see Parpola LASNo. 174, also mannu a ummi 6arri belzi-qab-bu-u-ni quppu lipte ABL 368 r. 10, andpassim with following optative, see also magi, kiconj. usage d; uttatu mala PN i-qab-bu-uPN2 ana PN3 iddan Dar. 358:12; imu Sa attata-qab-ba-a andku ana PN ... lubuka onthe day you ask, I will produce PN VAS 6185:6 (NB), cf. ibid. 11; anni ahft ... liq-bu-nim-ma andku luttaqra let them (thegods) inform me what sin I have com-mitted so that I can guard myself (fromsin) CT34 9:39.

b) to indicate a value - 1' in math.:ina iten kalakkim 9 kalakk a iq-bu-u(see kalakku mng. Ic) MOT 75 Ja:7, andpassim in this text; 55 tammar Sd DUG 4 .GA-ma [.. .] ... uterma iq-bi id [...] ibid.140 W 11f., cf. ibid. 8, alum .. . iq-bu-uTMB 113 No. 213:15, also ibid. 115 No. 215:6;BAL ikarim qi-bi indicate the ratio ofthe task TMB 44 No. 16:3; naphar u li-iq-bu-ni-kum-ma let them give you thesum of the sides Sumer 6 135 edge 2, seevon Soden, Sumer 8 50.

2' in astron.: ana §fJ E-bi predict(the result) as the time between moonsetand sunrise of the morning before full

qabf 9

moon Neugebauer ACT 201:13, and passim, seeindex s.v. qebi2, cf. d E-u ibid. 200 ii 8.

c) (in omen texts) to identify a fact,a situation: ulmu nabalkut DUG4.GA youmay identify (the described configura-tion) as "the Sulmu is upside down" TCL6 6 ii 21, also ibid. iii 2, cf. §ID imitti lapitDUG4 -bi (var. ta-qab-bi) CT 31 49 K.6720+obv.(!) 20, var. from 18 K.7588 obv.(!) 11, cf.arkat ta-qab-bi ibid. 49:29, wr. DvG4-biibid. 18 K.7588 obv.(!) 21; §umma zA 15-atana IGI-ka NA ... 15 ZE GAR.ME§-mazt 15-at ta-qab-bi if you want to find outwhat "the gall bladder is on the right"means, (if) the manzdzu (and other marks)lie on the right side of the gall bladder,you may say "the gall bladder is on theright" CT 28 46:6, cf. CT 30 22 K.6268 i 3and 5, dupl. CT 51 156:2 and 4, cf. Boissier DA 16iv 29, 31, 248:6, almat ta-qab-bi TCL 6 5r. 35, 38, wr. DUG4.GA ibid. 25, cf. also (inbroken context) CT 30 27 K.6907 r. 9, 38 K.9084i 17, 21, CT 31 21 K.12845 i 2f.; ana ... [mimima ma]la teppuSu ta-qab-bi (followed byqibd talakkan, see qibu mng. 4) KAR 151r. 51 (all SB ext.); §E.IR.ZI nali ta-qab-biyoumay say "it has a brilliance" K.3636:14,also K.3124:3, [q]ulipta umta6fir ta-qa[b-bi] K.9750:13, ina UD.NA.A dgulpa-e NUGAL DUG4.GA ACh Ittar 28:9 (all astrol.);note in letters: issurri ummdni . . . i-qa-bi-i-u KUR Amurrfi KUR Hatt ABL 629:20;as for what the king said ana ma-a-tita-qab-bi-ia when will you interpret (theomen cited)? ABL 37 r. 12 (both NA).

9. 1/3 to say repeatedly (iterative tomngs. 1, 3, and 4): wudi kima iSti4luadi hamliu ana belini ni-iq-ta-bi-maknow that we have spoken to our lordnot once but five times ABIM 26:21; aq-ta-na-ab-bi-ku-um-ma ul tamaggaranni Ikeep asking you but you will not agreeFish Letters 14:23, cf. ibid. 7; mgnum a kicamta-aq-ta-na-bu biridku what is (themeaning of) this, that you keep saying:I am hungry Kraus, AbB 5 258:3, cf. kicamta-aq-ta-na-ab-bi-ma ibid. 6, also AfO 23

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qabQ 1066:31, TCL 18 135:16, 19, wr. iq-ta-na-am-bu-ni TIM 2 16:38 (all OB letters), cf. Aikzam iq-ta-na-[bi] umma SH[ma] MDP 18244:10, [a]q-ta-ab-bi-ma u [.. .] (inbroken context) ARM 1 118 r. 30'; if thesick man ikkz kuri iq-ta-nab-bi keepssaying: I am short of breath Labat TDP168:8, cf. immati ammar immati ammarDUG 4.GA.ME§ Kraus Texte 57a i 9, cf. alsoCT 39 44:14 (SB Alu), Kocher BAM 146:24; Nabiq-a-nab-bi md Craig ABRT 1 5:13 (NA),see Streck Asb. 344; tanitti qarradtija iq-ta-nab-ba-a ahulap he kept proclaimingthe fame of my valor (as he asked for)mercy Borger Esarh. 103 i 7; §a iq-ta-na-ab-bi-a-ni-ik-[ki-im] what the women sayto you again and again JCS 15 8 iii 6 (OBlit.); umulamma liq-tab-ba dumuqka lethim decree good fortune for you every daySTT 340:29, cf. BBSt. No. 9 i 43, also kakdd(dbi liq-tab-b[a .. .] Craig ABRT 1 31 r. 13;note the emphatic nuance: PN-ma kas=pam kima ittaddinu iq-ta-ab-bi-ma apil PNdeclared emphatically (?) that he hadhanded over the silver and that he hadpaid Wiseman Alalakh 8:17 (OB); see alsomng. 5a.

10. II to say, speak: u attunu la-adu-qa-ab-[ba-a] KUB 3 47 r. 7 (let. fromEgypt); for other refs. see qubbi v.; i-GA-ab-ba-a4-4um Kraus AbB 1 49:6, see Kraus,RA 65 109, is obscure and probably doesnot represent qaib.

11. III to have someone say, decree,make a declaration, take an oath, recite,confess(?), to have orders issued (caus-ative to mngs. 1, 3, and 4) - a) to havesomeone say, decree: Enlil it-p-e'a/raiu-a-aq-bipi-i-[ia] it was Enlil who made

me (lit. my wise(?) mouth) decree (thedestruction of mankind) Lambert-MillardAtra-hasis 94 III iii 39, cf. i-6a-aq-bi (inbroken context) PBS 1/1 2:79a (both OB).

b) to have someone make a declara-tion, take an oath: Jlipu ina imi ullulunia'ila i-Sa-aq-ba u sit iqabbi md mdmta

qabfi 12a. . . la ipaklarakunu on the day when theymake the purification the exorcist willhave the man make a declaration, and hewill say: No one will release you (pl.) fromthe oath (sworn) KAV 1 vii 24 (Ass. Code§ 47);Sum ildni ina MUL.KAK.SI.SA ul-taq-bi-ilhe made him take an oath by SiriusGCCI 2 395:24 (NB).

c) to have someone recite: 3-Si tu-§aq-ba-4i-ma you have him recite (theincantation) three times Kocher BAM 487iii 6, also AMT 104 iii 3, cf. LKU 34:5, kIamtu-§aq-ba-id KAR 72:19, 7-4 tu-§aq-ba-Su-ma AMT 90,1 ii 2, also 87,2:8, kima anndmtu.-taq-bu-iu AMT 89,3 ii 6, also KAR 234r. 10; see also liginnu, naqbitu.

d) to make someone confess (?): theslave girl whom he (or: they) beat withouther owner's permission -u-a-aq-bu-iand caused her to confess (?) Kraus AbB 118:30, cf. hattam ina muhhi$a inaddi uiu-a-aq-ba-a-§i ibid. 24.

e) to have orders issued: s@u bartuana muhhi RN... eppuu uleppala i-qa-bi-iiu-d-[qa-b]a-[a] idabbub uSadbaba will he

rebel or foment rebellion against RN, orderit or cause someone to order it, plot (it)or cause someone to plot (it)? KnudtzonGebete 116:9, also 115:8, 122:6; siZS ana badelu-d-aq-bi I will have orders issued con-cerning (or: designate) the horses in theevening ABL 373 r. 11 (NA).

12. IV to be said, decreed, recited,ordered (passive to mngs. 1, 3, and 4) -a) to be said, told, mentioned: x kaspumi-qi-bi4 x silver was mentioned HeckerGiessen 31:7, kasp[um] ta na-aq-bu-im i-qi-bi milu pd ma-ld kaspum ibbarikunu i-qi-bi-u la talpu[ram] all the silver to bementioned was mentioned, why did younot write me precisely (lit. mouth) howmuch silver was mentioned between youtwo ? BIN 4 79: 10f. (both OA); alMum mgnimannitum iq-qd-ab-bi why should this besaid (again)? Bagh. Mitt. 2 59 iv 7, cf.ana annidtim a iq-qd-bu- ibid. 58 iii 24,

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qabfi 12bcf. also ibid. 40, 59 iv 27, 32 (OB let.), cf. iq-qa-bi-um-ma (in broken context) TCL 120:19; awatum i ina la idimma iq-qd-bi-a-ak-kum (see idu B) Fish Letters 13:19;note awatum kiam iq-qd-bi umma thematter was presented thus CT 52 4:11;(all OB letters); Enlil a . . . amassu lata-qab-bu-u 2-ni whose word is notspoken twice AnSt 8 60 ii 22, cf. 64 iii 39(Nbn.); a.za.lu.lu ha.ma.an.tuk.a[dum]u. Asal.1i.hi.me.en : tene etuliq-qa-ba-a [ma] r Marduk andku let man-kind be told that I am the son of MardukLambert, Studies Albright 345:20; ga.ti na.an.ab.be.en : bulut aj iq-q[a-bi] let itnot be said (to DN): Live (long)! LambertBWL 262:9; tapilta u DUG4 .GA slightingremarks will be made about him KrausTexte 60:5, see ZA 43 88; puruss~ iq-qa-ba-a(in broken context) Grayson Chronicles No.19:22; obscure: ana LU.NA.ME ul iq-qab-bi Boissier DA 12 i 25 (SB ext. with comm.);see also ahulap, qubu.

b) to be pronounced, proclaimed, de-creed: [dinu]m ina GN li-iq-qd-bi-Sumlet the verdict be pronounced for him inBabylon CT 52 135:12; lizzakir liq-qa-a-biumSu ina mdti let his name be men-

tioned and proclaimed in the land En. el.VII50; iha.ma.ab.be Ar.ri.mu : liq-qa-ba-a tanddtiua let my praise be pro-claimed Delitzsch AL3 136 r. 5f., also SBHp. 99 No. 53:50f.

c) to be recited: annu a ina paraksihir ndri iq-qab-bu-u this is what isrecited at the dais on the river bend(?)Pallis Akitu pl. 8:14, cf. ibid. 4, 25, r. 28.

d) to be ordered, commanded - 1' bygods: ina pi il. . . iq-qa-bi aldl niakathe capture of your people was decreed bythe gods Borger Esarh. 105 ii 35, cf. patiri'iltija liq-qa-bi Ebeling Handerhebung 142: 10.

2' by authorities - a' with inf.: eqlumturrum it-ta-aq-bi the restitution of thefield was ordered TLB 4 91 r. 8, cf. LIH85:18, see Frankena, AbB 2 67; a fire signal

qabuttuana nalem iq-qa-bi RA 35 183b:13 (Marilet.), cf. CT 29 40:3, alum pih eqlija ...x A.9A ... apdlija iq-qd-bi-ku-nu-Si-im-ma TCL 7 77:8 (all OB).

b' other occs.: ina pi larri belija liq-qa-bi-ma... la addallah let it be orderedpersonally by the king, my lord, that Inot be bothered ABL 283 r. 6, also 793 r. 7(both NB); a . . . lapadissu iq-qd-ab-bu-uwho was ordered not to be put in fettersBagh. Mitt. 2 78:20 (OB); Sa lapanija iq-qa[b-b]a-d-Su-nu-tu (they do) whateverhas been ordered by me ZA 44 163:12(Dar. Se), also VAB 3 89:10 (Dar.).

Ad mng. If: Salonen GruBformeln p. 20 (OB),51f. (Mari), 54 (Elam), 55 (OA), 57f. (MB), 62(EA), 71 (RS), 76 (MA), 79ff. (NA, NB). Ad mng.lh: Schott, ZA 43 136 n. 4.

qabf see kabu A and qabuttu.

qabu (or qdpu) v. (?); (mng. unkn.); lex.*e E = qa-a-bu, qa-bu-u Sb II 242 f.

Possibly an erroneous variant for qabu.

q&bu see qdpu B.

qabilru see qubiru.

qabuttu (qab) s.; corral, fold; NA, NB;wr. sometimes with det. i.

a) in NA: 120 AN§E.ME fa qir-si inalibbi 1 qa-butu(zAG) 356 ma'assu naphar476 AN§E.ME§ ina libbi 2 qa-butu 120draft asses in one corral, 356 (in) stalls (?),in all 476 asses in two corrals Iraq 23 28f.ND 2451:4 and 6, also ibid. 25, r. 4', 9', 11',13', see Postgate Taxation 376ff.

b) in NB - 1' qabuttu - a' referringto sheep and goats: one ewe (and) onegoat §a qa-bu-ut-tum a PN ndqidu a DNbelonging to the fold of PN, shepherd ofNabfl TCL 13 132:2, also YOS 7 132:2, 140:3,13, cf. PN ndqidu a DN Sa senu qa-bu-utmakkir DN ina panTu z2kulu u ihliq YOS7 146:2, (sheep and goats) qa-bu-ut PNZA 4 144 No. 15:7, YOS 6 217:4; sheep and

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qabuttugoats §a PN ultu qa-bu-ut-tum 5a PN2 z bukuthat PN (the shepherd) took from PN2'sfold YOS 7 7 ii 63, also TCL 13 147:3, cf.qa-bu-ut-tum aa ~gnu a DN YOS 7 7 ii 51,and passim in this text, see San Nicol6, ArOr 561ff.; sheep and goats, grand total 114ZI.ME§ qa-bu-utPN 82-7-14,6:11; 207 ewesmuleretu .. . ana qa-bu-ut-tum ana paniPN YOS 7 145:8, see San Nicolo, Or. NS 20 145;sheep and goats ana qa-bu-ut-tum anaPN inandinu they will deliver to the foldto PN YOS 6 155:23, cf. ibid. 209:6 and YOS7 145:8, cf. also Nbn. 296:6, wr. qa-bu-tdNbn. 312:7; UDU.NITA Sa DN Ia qa-bu-ut-ti5 Ju-nu YOS 6 231:6; 28 lambs ina qa-bu-tu a PN ana NfG.GA mahir GCCI 2132:2; obscure: naphar 36 eni ina rehuSa PN ana muhhi qa-bu-ut-ti-Si nimmarYOS 6 220:5; (silver) ana 2 SiLA [x] x qa-bu-ut-tum Cyr. 206:9; (x wool) PN HA.Aqa-bu-ut-Si Camb. 107:16; note beside uric"stable": sheep ina libbi 2 puhdl ana urc67 ana qa-bu-ut-ti inapan PN YOS 6 142:9.

b' referring to cattle: two cows Saqa-bu-ut-tum la AB.GUD.HI.A 6a DN TCL 13125:6, of. YOS 7 158:6, 149:5; x enu x [AB.GAL.ME§ Sa] qa-bu-ut-ti a DN YOS 6 26:4;3 AB.GUD.HI.A a ina qa-bu-ut-tum a DNibid. 131:9; (a cow) ana qa-bu-ut-tum inapan PN re'i 82-7-14,948:5, cf. also [ana]qa-bu-ut-tum Moore Michigan Coll. 48:6;(cattle) naphar 9-ta ZI.ME§ ina libbi [1]ina ti i-ru-u 8 GUD.X [... A?] qa-bu-ut-tum ina pan PN 82-7-14,533:16.

c' referring to ducks: 50 UZ.TUR.MU§EN ummdtu amirtu a ina pan rpe aqa-bu-td ina bit kare fifty mother ducks,inspected, which are at the disposal ofthe shepherds of the fold in the storehouseCamb. 239:2, cf. x ducks ina qa-bu-ut-tum

a PN YOS 6 141:5 and 19.

d' other occ.: silver ana Sd nu-ii-ru Id E qa-bu-ut-tum <tumrn SUM.NU82-7-14,663:10.

2' qab2: (oath by the shepherds)kz ... 200 kalimu ultu qa-bi-e-ni ni-ib-

qabiitu A< ba> -kam-ma ana sattukki Sa DN ninandinuthat we will bring two hundred lambsfrom our fold and deliver them for theregular offerings to DN YOS 7 160:8; 140sheep ana urd . .. 274 parrat ana qa-bi-e nadna YOS 7 8:21, cf. ibid. 74:25, seeSan Nicol6, Or. NS 20 144; ducks inapaspasiqa-bi-e Sa ina pan PN Camb. 194:2, cf.(fodder) 2-ta mi-fSill qa-bi-e a paspasiCamb. 421:2, see Landsberger, WO 3 253 n. 35;note: (x dates) §d qa-bu-ut-tum PNAnOr 9 9 ii 21, but x dates Lt .ERIN.ME§Sd qa-bi-e Dar. 72:14; for the possibilityof reading E.MU§EN-ti as qabitti see Lands-berger, WO 3 254.

Postgate Taxation 210 n. 3.

qabuttu see qabitu A.

qabiitu A (qabuttu) s.; (a bowl); SB, NA,NB; NA pl. qabudti; wr. mostly qa-butu(zAG) in NA.

a) materials: qa-bu-a-te KU.GI goldbowls (mentioned as tribute along withother valuables) WO 2 140 text B (Shalm.III), cf. (in similar context) qa-bu-a-tiKU.BABBAR Winckler Sar. pl. 45 K.1671:37,see TCL 3 p. 78, and parallel TCL 3 361; 1-etqa-bu-td a me qte 1 MA.NA KU.BABBAR6uqultafa one bowl for washing the hands,one mina of silver in weight ABL 438r. 5 (NA); 2 qa-butu K1T.BABBAR ADD 941ii 5; 2 qa-bu-a-te URUDU 1 MIN a Erama[k]i Postgate Palace Archive 155 iii 15f.;27 shekels of silver KI.LA 1-et qa-bu-tderu fa fPN . . . ana DN taddin qa-bu-td[.. .] ina bit qti [. . .] the weight of onebowl, the tithe that fPN gave to DN, thebowl [.. .] in the storehouse Nbn. 1043:2and 6; 3 kdsu siparri qa-bu-ut-tum siparri(as dowry) TuM 2-3 1:11, also Peiser Vertrage121:12.

b) use - 1' in econ.: DUG qa-butuKA§ ti-i-ti DUG qa-<butu> anda he DUGqa-butu supurgilli one bowl of fig (?) beer,one bowl of andafMu vegetables, one bowlof supurgillu ADD 1011 r. 6ff., also (with

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qabfitu Badded sirdi) ADD 1003 r. 8f., ADD 1010 r. 7ff.,wr. qa-bu-tu ADD 1003:14f., and passim inADD, see Salonen Hausgerate 2 120f.; 4 qa-butu bit rimki ADD 964:11; ni-sip qa-bu-ut-tum 6ikari tdbi ina pan PN a bowl offine beer at the disposal of PN TuM 2-3235:1 (NB); A of a shekel ana napfuana PN §d 2 (?) qa-bu-td nadin Evetts Ner.41:4.

2' in rit. and med.: DUG qa-butu atiddi tafakkan ina libbi DUG qa-butu alamtiddi talakkan you set out a bowl madeof clay (and) put a clay figurine in thebowl LKA 115:5f., see RA 48 130; DUG qa-bu-tu haShur eirakkusu ... imarruqu theyprepare a bowl of apples (and) crush(them) ZA 45 44:29 (NA rit.); DUG qa-butu§amni DUG qa-butu dikpi a bowl of oil,a bowl of honey BBR No. 67:9, cf. DUGqa-butu a Samni DUG qa-butu a diSpiBBR No. 68:14, cf. also 1 qa-butu suluppiAMT 98,2:12; birti MUL.A.EDIN birti dNat.tullu mahru 6-su qa-bu-td GAR-at betweenthe constellation Erua and the "FirstYoke" the sixth q.-bowl is placed van DrielCult of A§Aur 90 vii 24, cf. 5-su DUG qa-bu-u-tu GAR-at ibid. 21, also 7(?)-td qa-<bu-tu> ana gammuri GAR ibid. 26, 11 (?)-tiqa-bu-a-ti ibid. 28.

c) other occs.: naphar 15 DUG qa-bu-tu (referring to 15 plants, including dates)Kocher Pflanzenkunde 36 v 34 (pharm. inv.), alsovi 13, (referring to a variety of materia medica,including fats and liquids) ibid. vi 2.

qabftu B s.; (mng. unkn.); NA.PN PN2 PN3 PN4 PN5 PN6 PN7 naphar 7 a

bit akni 5 qa-bu-ti-'d-nu Tell Halaf No.24:9.

Possibly participle of qab v.

qadadnil (qidaddni) adv.; bowed,hunched; SB; cf. qadddu.

6.kur.ta e.lum GAM.GAM.ma.ni im.ta.ab.e: i~tu Ekur kabtu qa-da-da-ni4 i[ttai] the honoredone has left the Ekur bowed 4R 24 No. 2:1 If.

qadaduqibima bel amatija qi-da-da-ni4 lurdema

x-[x] say the word, that I may pursuemy adversary while he is bowed LKA146:17; ittanall[ak .. .] qa-da-da-nib kamdtdli u Rm. 2,164+79-7-8,56 ii 13 (Sarrat-Nippurihymn).

qadadu v.; 1. to bow, to bend down(intrans.), to incline, 2. to bow (trans.),3. quddudu to bend, to prostrate, 4. III(with appu) to cause to bow down; OAkk.,OB, Bogh., EA, SB, NA; I iqdud - iqad-dad - qadid, I/2 (iqtudda KAR 130:13),I/3 (iqtanaddud), II, 11/2, III; cf. qada=ddni, qaddid, qaddu, qiddatam, qiddatu,qiddu.

[gu-rum] GAM = qd-da-du-um MSL 2 139:14(Proto-Ea); gu-ur GAM = kandsu, kandnu, [q]a-TA-du, k[i]ppatu Idu II 268; GAM = qa-da-du, gd.GAM, gu.gar, gu.ga.ga, gu.KU .gar, gu.ki.Ae.ga.ga, gu.ki. 9e.la, gu. g.ga.ga, ni.ki.Ae".16 = MIN §d LU Nabnitu XXII 91-99; i UD =qd-da-du / -di A 111/3:21.

gu.ki. e. g. g = qu-[ud-du-du-um] OBGTXIiii 11; GAM.ma.mu = qu-di-da-an-ni Erimhu§ I288; ma-an-gu-ru (pronunciation) ma.an.*g6r =i-qd-ad (!) -i-[i-da], -kan-ni- *a Izi H 172 f.

me.ri.mu mu.da 6.ba.ab.te.en en.na an.GAM. e. en : epeja is-su isshulma a-di aq-du-du histhorn pierced my feet until I (had to) bow downRA 33 104:32 (SB lament.); gi.zu ki.ma.al nu.gi 4. g i 4 : ki-ad-ka ina qa-da-da ul uStamarraq yourneck will not become debilitated in bending lowSBH p. 53 No. 26 r. 22; l..u,,(GIGAL) .lu pap.hal.la.§e ab.igi.in.bar giA.kud.kud.da.ginx(oIM) gu ki.a im.mi.in.GAM : ana amelumuttalliku ippalisma kima i$i naksi ebri kiddssuliq-da-du-ud (var. [liq-du]-ud) it (the evil eye)looked upon the suffering man, so that he benthis neck like a cut (and) broken tree CT 1733:9f. (SB inc.), restoration and var. from STT179: 17f.

im.mu.un.GAM.ma im.mu.un.til.la : § u-qa-ad-di-da-an-ni u-qa-at-ti-an-ni 4R 21* No.2:14f.

1. to bow, to bend down (intrans.), toincline - a) said of human beings: [kiamDUG 4.GA] -ma ina qaqqari liq-[du] -dam-ma. . . ina gamni tapallassi she recites (this),then she should bend down to the ground,and you anoint her with oil KAR 223:14(rit.); [. .. ] iq-tu-ud-da (in broken con-

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qadadutext, Sum. broken) KAR 130:13; see alsoNabnitu, RA 33, in lex. section; ummagilimmaru GAM.GAM-ud if a date palmconstantly bends down CT 41 16:5, withcomm. GAM.GAM-ud = iq-ta-na-du-ud ibid.29 r. 7.

b) said of buildings: ina la adanni'u§a biti udti re 4~u iq-du-du uttabbikamildau the top of that temple saggedprematurely, its upper parts crumbledVAB 4 254 i 22 (Nbn.).

2. to bow (trans.) - a) in gen.: ardu§a iq-du-du kidssu the devotee who benthis neck (may his life be prolonged)Or. NS 36 128:195 (SB hymn to Gula), see alsoCT 17 33:9f., in lex. section; qa-di-id kalmalki the one who humbles all princesAKA 223:11 (Asn.).

b) in idiomatic use - 1' with apputo bow, prostrate oneself in dejection orhumility: iqbicnim ap-pi aq-du-ud hupetuppja ina bitifu alqeamma upon beinginformed, and in consternation, I col-lected the pieces of my tablets from hishouse Studies Landsberger 234:40 (= Kraus,AbB 7 153), cf. aniumiuma ap-pi aq-du-udPN amhurma thereupon I was (greatly)worried (but again) I approached PN CT6 8:27 (both OB letters); KA-Si liq-du-ud inaqaqqari lippalsih let him prostrate him-self, let him squat on the ground (forkildda qadddu in the parallels, see mng.2a) AMT 90,1 ii 13, seeTuL p. 72; re'da ap-pa-§u qd-di-is-su kaparru<<'ana> kaliunu sap-duu the face of her (the cow's) herds-man was downcast, all the shepherds weremourning with him Kocher BAM 248 iii 22;KA-Si i-qad-da-ad (apod.) CT 51 124:23(physiogn.), cf. [appa(?)] -Su i-ka-ad-da-a[d](in a rit.) KUB 4 35:5.

2' with ltu: qdd-da letdu gu-ud-du-du panu[u] its cheeks are sunken,sunken is its face (describing the igiribird) KAR 125:17 and r. 11, for parallel STT341:4 see mng. 3b.

qadaruttu3. quddudu to bend, to prostrate -

a) in gen.: in UD. 1 t-qd-di-id ana Iepeduin one day he (Ingusinak) made (thecities) fall prostrate at his (the king's)feet MDP 14 13 v 6 (OAkk. royal from Elam);he seized her by the hair and u-qe-ed-di-da-d4-i-im-ma igtu kuss pulled herdown from the throne EA 357:78 (Nergaland Eretkigal); see also 4R 21, in lex. sec-tion; (not receiving a reply to my prayers)kzma Sbi uq-ta(var. -ta) -ad-di-da-an-nihas bent me like an old man BMS 11:6and dupls., see Ebeling Handerhebung 72.

b) in idiomatic use with appu or letu:ana panija PN u PN2 ibakkia u letdAinaqu-ud-du-da PN and PN2 cried before me,their cheeks sagging (and they said) TCL18 123:6 (OB let.); ammeni akla letdka qud-d[u-du panika] why are your cheeks (so)emaciated, your face downcast? Gilg. Xiii 2, restored from Thompson Gilg. pl. 42 BM34193:8, cf. qu-ud-du-ud appau paniduu[. . .] CT 15 46 r. 1 (Descent of I tar), cf. alsoqud(!)-du-du appa4u (referring to theigiru bird) ST 341:4, for parallel KAR 125:17and r. 11 see mng. 2b-2'.

4. III (with appu) to cause to bowdown: KA-Si tu-gaq-da-su you have him(the sick man) bow down AMT 90,1 ii 3,see TuL p. 71, also, wr. tu-gaq-da-as-s[u]Boissier DA 42:15 (= Kocher BAM 464).

For YOS 10 33 iv 9 see katdtu mng. 1 anddiscussion section.

qadapu v.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*; I *iqad:dip.

a-qa-ad-di-pa BM 39586 ii 1' and 3', a-qdd-dip ibid. 2' (list of gramm.? forms, courtesyC. B. F. Walker).

qadaruttu s.; (mng. unkn.); NA.*. . . t]a kisiini qa-da-ru-ut-t[u . .. ] ru

[. . .] ZA 60 125:9' (cultic comm.).

Perhaps cognate with qadurtu. Com-pare also the Akkadogram LU.ME§ KAT-TA-RU-UT-TI Bo. 2438 iv 8 (unpub., courtesy

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qada uH. G. Giiterbock), corresponding to LT.MEGAD.TAR "temple personnel" in the par-allel text KUB 25 27 iii 14, cf. lii.gada.tar = nu'u, cited nu'u adj. lex. section.

qadiAu v.; 1. (stative only) to be freeof claims(?) (RS only), 2. quddulu toclean, 3. qudduu to make ritually clean,to purify, 4. qudduu to consecrate,dedicate, 5. II/2 to purify oneself; OAkk.,OB Alalakh, RS, SB; I (only stative qadiJattested), II, II/2; cf. qadiStu s., *qad=gutu s., qaJdatu, qaldu, qaditu, qa latu,quddulu.

[ta-am] UD = [q]a-da-u A III/3:56; i UD =qd-da-du 1/ -S ibid. 21.

UD h6.ni.in.gar = u-qa-ad-di-si he purifiedhim (so that he could swear an oath) Ai. VI i 41.

1. (stative only) to be free of claims (?)(RS only): E / ku-na-hi a I tar u qa-di-il ana [IStar?] u amit [ana (x)] I tarthe kunahi building belongs to IStar and isfree of claims for [ITtar?] and is trans-ferred to Iitar Ugaritica 5 5:22; for a similarextension of the mng. "pure, holy," seeellu adj. mng. 3.

2. quddulu to clean:GI§.NI in order to clean .. .context) Gelb OAIC 47:11.

qu-du-si-iS(in difficult

3. qudduSu to make ritually clean, topurify - a) persons: see Ai., in lex.section; ki burdSi lu qud-du-Sd(var. -Sat)-[ta] may you be as pure as juniper KAR43:29, dupl. 63:27, see MAOG 5/3 16.

b) buildings and divine images: theEuphrates receded from Sippar ana qu-ud-dul belitilunu me irequ ana sdbu thewaters were too far off to draw for thepurification of their (i.e., Aamai's andAja's) divine images VAB 4 64 i 15 (Nabo-polassar); I rebuilt the temple of Bunenetebibtiu i-qa-ad-di-ma (and) purified(it) in a ritual act ibid. 232 i 32 (Nbn.).

c) appurtenances for a rit.: pdJuhurdEi ... tu-qad-ddS you purify thegolden ax BBR No. 46:3, cf. LKA 84:3, see

qadaluTuL p. 144; ina UD.3.KAM ana KI.GAR talslakma Sa tu-qad-di-6u(var. -zi) ina marritidda §a tu-qad-di-6u takarri$ on the thirdday you go to the potter's clay, (from)that which you have purified you takewith the shovel clay that you have purifiedBiOr 30 178:33, cf. ina UD.1.KAM KI.GARtu-qad-di-§u ibid. 13; ina Seri ... anakullati tallakma kullata tuqat[tar] . .. kullata tu-[qad-dd] (see kullatu B) AAA22 48 iii 8f., also BBR No. 52:2, Or. NS 39 143:19(namburbi), also 4R 56 ii 23, 4R 55 No. 1 r. 34(Lamaitu), Kocher BAM 212:40, wr. i-qa-dd§ibid. 234:23, also UD.3.KAM KI. (GAR> (var.KI.GAR) tu-qad-dd KAR 234:6 and dupl.,see Or. NS 24 256, and note [qud] -du-d-kikullatu you, potter's clay, have been maderitually clean KAR 134 r. 18, 227 i 17, seeTuL p. 99 and 125, cf. also KI [t]u-qad-da-d Or. NS 40 150:27, Hunger Uruk 9:26, hipieSu (i.e., [tu]) -qad-ddS 4R 25 ii 29.

4. qudduSu to consecrate, dedicate:Slam uhalliqma ana ili iunuti -qd-di-is-si he destroyed the city and dedicatedit to those gods Sumer 34 125:21 (OAkk.);one sheep <DID inuma DN u-qa-ad-di-iihe consecrated at the time of (the festivalof) DN Wiseman Alalakh 346:5 (OB); u-qad-di-u unazzimu ikl (because) he con-secrated (something to the gods, but)complained and withheld (it) Surpu II 76;u-qa-di-ku DN ame Salaltiunu I con-secrated to you, DN, the three heavensAfO 14 142:43 (bit mesiri); qud-du-fat ana ilz(in broken context) Lambert BWL 183:6.

5. II/2 to purify oneself: [ina UD]§E.GA tuq-ta-ad-da-a4 you purify yourselfon a favorable day BBR No. 58:2, see Or.NS 36 279, also BBR No. 1-20:29, KAR 22:2,see TuL p. 75 and Or. NS 36 34:3, cf. ameuuatu uq-ta-ad-da-a[§] LKA 126:3, see RA

48 134; erena burSia kibrita uq-ta-ad-da-ahe purifies himself with cedar, juniper,and sulphur (preceded by irammuk) Or.NS 42 509 r. 25, cf. gallbssu ippu6 uq-ta-a[d(?)-daS] LKA 119:4; UD.3.KAMLUGAL uq-ta-ad-da-dd Or. NS 39 132:8,

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qad/ta'um[LU]GAL U NUN uq-ta-ad-da-6i RA 21 131r. 4; ina UD §E.GA liq-ta-did he shouldpurify himself on a favorable day Or.NS 36 21 Sm. 1513:3, also, wr. liq-te-diSBMS 30:20 and STT 63:13, cf. Farber IMtar undDumuzi 227:15 f.

qad/ta'um (AHw. 891b) see kat~ B.

qaddanil see qaddiS.

qaddi§ (qaddani) adv.; bowed, hunched;OB, SB; cf. qadddu.

Their broad shoulders became nar-row qa-da-ni4 i[ttan]allaka niu ina suqipeople walked hunched in the street Lam-bert-Millard Atra-hasis 112 vi 6 (SB version), cf.r ql-ad-di-il illaka i[na suqi] ibid. 78 II iv16 (OB), cf. also (the bewitched man) qd-ad-di-il [. . .] AMT 86,1 ii 16.

qaddu adj.; bent; lex.*; cf. qadddu.gl = qa-ad-du, kapsu IziF 37f.; gi.giimmar.

GAM. ma = qa-ad-du (var. qdd-du) Hh. III 348,see MSL 9 163.

The reading [ . GAM.ma] = [i-dul qd-ad-du-u-tum cited CAD I/J s.v. idu isuncertain, see MSL 13 57 n. to ii 19'.

**qadduru (AHw. 891b) ADD 964 r. 9 isprobably to be emended to qa-lu (parallel:dannu r. 7), see qallu adj. mng. 3a.

qadi (qadima) prep.; with, togetherwith, including; OA.

a) qadi: ina bit abija qd-di a-ma-[tim]takkal u taSatti you are eating and drink-ing in my father's house in the companyof slave girls CCT 4 38c:4; 245 textilesqd-di 6a kaydrg ea Sep PN including thoseof the transporters, shipped by PN KienastATHE 62:5; x silver qd-di a maki in-cluding that for the hides TCL 4 27:19;qd-di PN u Sa ki'maPN2 awitflagmur I wantto settle my affair together with PN andwith PN2's representatives CCT 5 4a:11;of the silver paid for the textiles, part

qadiis available, part is not u qd-di laSlu'imkaspam gall tiSunu qdtdtifunu ilqeu theyhave collected their one-third shares inthe profit including those from the (silver)not yet available Hecker Giessen 34:41; forother examples see adi B usage b-2';with pronominal suffixes: ana GN lu anaGN2 afar harradSuni iMtiu iraddiei uqd-di-gu-ma ana GN3 utarra 4i he may takeher (his Anatolian wife) along to Buru§-hattum and Hattum but he must bringher back with him to Kani I 490:8, citedJ. Lewy, HUCA 27 6; unfortunately I gotstuck in GN for eight months u a kaspim20 MA.NA luqiitum qd-di-a-ma kaqud andmerchandise worth no less than twentyminas of silver got stuck with me VAT9232:18, cited MVAG 35/3 p. 65 note a; mimmanaperdtija qd-di-ku-nu-ma PN li4tammePN should read all my reports carefullytogether with you Hecker Giessen 50:17;immimma PN ezibu qd-tdm qd-di-ni-matalaqqe (I said) From all that PN leftbehind, you may take a share on equalterms with us (but he, high-handedly,took half of it) CCT 1 13b:20.

b) qadima: one mina of gold of PN'sipkdt PN2 qd-di-ma naruqqiu investment

by PN2 together with his (PN's) businesscapital ICK 1 105:4; alar pazzurtim $ubdti

damqutim qd-di-ma Qubdtikunu epa try,if possible, to smuggle some good-qualitytextiles (of mine) together with your owntextiles Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappado-ciennes 17:15, see Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade319; PN mimma kaspim ula ilqe qd-di-maPN2 u PN3 ie' u u PN aqqdti4u ie'Silu PN(one of three guarantors) has not collectedany of the silver (he advanced), he willsue him (the debtor) together with PN2 andPN3 or he may sue him for his share onlyJCS 14 9 No. 5:13; when you enter GN qd-di-ma t&rtika SIhizma a kima kudti qdtliddiu add to your order the instruction(lit. instruct together with your order)that your representatives deposit myshare TCL 14 23:27; iumam qd-di-ma taps

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qadipaeni u ninu hubul abini nulabba todaywe will pay off our father's debt jointlywith our colleagues Jankowska KTK 18:4';qd-di-ma ahhka u atta 6iamdtim 6itakkanajoin your colleagues in regularly de-positing purchased goods BIN 6 187:4'.

For qadum in this meaning see adi Busage b-1'.

qadi see adi.

qadiltu see qadistu.

qadilui (kadilu) s.; (a garment); lex.*;cf. gadalu.

[tdig].a[n.t]a.dul = tak-ti-mu = qa(var. ka)-di-lu-u Hg. D III 425, Hg. C II r. 15, var. fromHg. B I 22, in MSL 10 138-41.

qadima see qadi.

qadissu see qadigtu.

qadi tu s.; (qadiltu, qadissu); (a womanof special status); OA, OB, Mari, MB,MA, SB, NA; pl. qagddtu; wr. syll. andNU.GIG; cf. qaddau.

nin.dingir.ra = en-[tum], ug-bab-tum, nu.gig= qa-di-tum, nu.bar = kul-ma-Si-tum Lu ExcerptI 194ff.; [nu.gig] (and three more broken equiv-alents) = qa-di-tu, [nu.gig.an.na] = [MIN]dA-nim Lu IV 31ff.; SAL+MEna-di-tum, SAL+MEq-di-il-tum, SAL+MEba-tu-ul-tum OB Proto-Lu 263ff.;sag.kud = NU.GIG, sag.kud.da.a = NU.GIGAN.NA Studies Landsberger 36:19f.; kud.da =NU.GIG, kud.da.a = NU.GIG AN.NA ibid. 26f.(Silbenvokabular from RS).

egir.bi.ta.am nu.gig.am sila.ta ba.an.da. i l.la : ar-ka-nu qd-di-i4-tum ina su-qi-im it-ta-§i afterward he took a q. in from the street Ai.VII iii 7; nu.gig.ga.bi dumu.sila.am mi.ni.in.ri : qd-di-i.-t[a i-i] ma-ru s[u-qi i-iz] -ma thisq. took in a child from the street ibid. 11; nu.gig S~.gig nu.gig bar.ra nu.gig An.na nu.hun. g : qa-di-ti a libba marat [. . .] itarztdA-nim l[a ... ] ASKT p. 82-83:12, see Borger,AOAT 1 4; [ama nu.gig.g]e ama nu.bar.re :[um-mu qa]-dig-tum um-mu kul-ma-fi-[tum ... ]K.10641:1 I'f., Sum. restored from PBS 10/4 5: 13.

Id-mu-u-tum = qa-dil-tum (between nadztu andintu) Malku I 133.

qadigtua) in OB, Mari: summa abum naditam

NU.GIG u lu kulmasltam ana ilim izMmaif a father dedicates (his daughter as) anaditu, a q., or a kulmaSztu CH § 181:61,cf. PN MU.NI.IM PN2 AD.DA.NI ana AdadiliSu ana NU.GIG i-6i-iS Grant Smith Coll.260:4; tukumbi ad.da ti.la dumu.SAL.a.ni.ir nin.dingir lukur h nu.gig h6.a ibila.ginx(GIM).nam 6 i.tu 9. e. db during the father's lifetime,his daughter, even if she is an ugbabtu,a naditu, or a q., has the status of anheir, she may live in the house AJA 52439 xv 48 (Lipit-Iltar Code § 22); PN NU.GIG](receiving a slave girl instead of realestate from her parents) VAS 8 70:5 (case)and 69:5 (tablet), cf. (receiving a share of in-heritance from her father) BE 6/2 85:17; a built-up lot of one SAR HA.LA PN NU.GIG CT6 42b:5; (household furnishings) numdtPN NU.GIG CT 4 40b:18; the judges in-vestigated their case and PN NU.GIG .. .arnam imidusi u tuppi la ragdmim anniamuSezibuSi ruled against PN, the q. (in alawsuit concerning a house) and had hermake out this release of claims TCL 1157:48, cf. ibid. 13, 20, 24; bt PNNU.GIG Riftin30:10; PN NU.GIG (renting a house) PBS8/2 218:4; PN ... aSat PN2 DUMU.NI anaPN3 NU.GIG ana iinuqim iddimma PN,PN2's wife, gave her son to PN3, the q.,for suckling VAS 7 10:3, cf. qa-di-is-ta-am lumurma liSeniqsu CT 52 130 r. 9; afterPN approached the judges about her feefor nursing dajdnu NU.GIG.ME§ issimathe judges summoned the q.-women (andthen she received her fee for nursing)VAS 7 37:16; PN . . . [it]ti PN2 U PN3 NU.GIG AMA.A.NI PN4 ... ana aSSutim izussiPN4 took PN as wife from PN2 and (from)PN3, the q., her mother VAS 8 92:4, cf.YOS 14 121:3, of. also PN NU.GIG DAM.A.NI YOS 8 125:7; tem qd-d[i-ij -tim 6upramsend me news about the q. TCL 18 100:31;SAL.NU.GIG pant mdrdt PN [indti] ig-ba-at-ma(text -UD) ina gagim ana [...] theq. took the lead in front of those daughtersof PN and [.. .] in the gagii for [.. .] PBS

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qadiitu7 125:25 (both letters); (barley) namhartiPN NU.GIG U DUMU.ME§ GA.DUB.BA re-ceived by the q. PN and the scribes JCS2 94 No. 21:28, cf. NU.GIG (in ration lists)VAS 7 183 i 18, ii 4, and passim in this text,186 i 19, Riftin 131:4; i.GI§ ana qd-di-i4-timaddin I gave oil to the q. Fish Letters8:12; PN PN2 marassa ana PN3 NU.GIG DN. . . ana mdrtia iddiMim PN has given upPN2, her daughter, to PN3, the q. of Adad,for adoption TCL 1 146:3; PN NU.GIG AN.NA PN, the q. of Anu BIN 7 163:2, cf.SAL qa-di-i -tum a An-[nu]-ni-F tim1 SALDUMU Si-im-a-al ARM 10 59 r. 3.

b) in OA, MA, NA - 1' in leg. andletters: ina matim GaME anitam la ehhazina Alim qd-di-i4-tdm ehhaz he may notmarry another second-rank wife in Ana-tolia, (but) he may marry a q. in the City(Assur) ICK 13:6, cf. SaPN a'i[tilu] qd-di-iS-tim (in broken context) BIN 6 222:9(both OA); qa-di-il-tu a mutu ahzulini inaribete pagqunatma a mutu la ahzulini inaribete qaqqassa pattu a q. who is marriedis veiled in public, one who is unmarriedis bare-headed in public KAV 1 v 61 (Ass.Code § 40); SAL sabsutu u SAL qa-di-il-tu(in broken context) AfO 17 268:11 (MAharem edicts).

2' in rit.: [ina?] ume Adad i-Sa-tu-qu-ni NU.GIG.ME§ uSe iani on the daywhen they .... Adad, they let the q.-women come out KAR 154:1 (MA rit.), cf.NU.GIG.ME§ ana bit hamri illaka ibid. 13,NU.GIG.ME inha inaddia inha ipaSaraSANGA a telilte ullal NU.GIG.ME§ DINGIRulld the q.-women recite (?) the inhusong(?), they finish(?) the inhu song, theSangH priest performs the purification,(and) the q.-women lift up the god ibid.9f., cf. ibid. 4f., 7f., cf. SANGA NU.GIG.ME§ana bzt Adad iturruni dumdq Sa NU.GIG.[ME§] ipatturu the langH priest (and) theq.-women return to the Adad temple andthey remove the q.-women's jewels ibid.r. 6, cf. also r. 5, 14; in obscure context:SAL qa-dil-td tu-na-sah-li Ebeling Par-

qadiltufiimrez. pl. 17 r. ii 5, see Or. NS 22 43 (NA rit.);SAL qa-di-su memmeni [ib] aSi teppal theq.-woman will certainly also do something(referring to a ritual) ABL 1126:13 (NA),see Parpola LAS No. 187.

c) in MB: Sumu-libi DUMU fQd-di-il-ti PBS 2/2 122:22.

d) in lit.: Sa[b]siitum ina bit qd-di-i-ti lihdu let the midwife rejoice in thehouse of the q. (where the pregnantwoman gives birth) Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 290; qa-di§-tu mdrat Ani thedaughter of Anu is a q. 4R 58 iii 37 (SBLamaStu), cf. qa-di5-tu(var. -tur) (asepithet of IMtar) LKA 37:6, see JNES 33224:7, qa-dil-tum (in broken context)SEM 117 ii 8 and 11 (MB lit.); eninna atmkaitti lirk f a PN NIN.DINGIR.RA.ME§ qa-al-da-a-ti [u ku]lmadti I discussed you(i.e., your case) with the oblates of Gil-game, with the ugbabtu, q., and kulma~ituwomen Gilg. III iv 20; mdmit SAL+ME USAL.NU.GIG m zmit dKi-bi NIN.DINGIR.RAoath of the naditu woman and the q.,oath of the fetus (and) the entu priestess8urpu III 116, cf. (adding kulma itu) VIII 69,cf. ku-bi SAL.ME.ME U NU.GIG.[ME ] CT51 142:27; SAL.NU.GIG (vars. qa-di -tum,qa-di-tu) naditu itartu kulmalitu (inenumeration of evil-doers) Maqlu III 44,parallel KAR 226 ii 6, cf. ki piz a SAL qa-did-ti KAR 240:7; TUR.ME§ tirhi a enetiTUR.ME§ terinndti a qa-a4-da-a-ti (seeentu usage b) Maqlu VI 39, also ibid. 29, cf.(I carry) i pi ri Sa naddte GI§.E.T.KUSa qa-a4-da-ti Speleers Recueil 312:8; I carryagainst you (sorceress) pitiltu pitiltu aSAL.NU.GIG.ME§ terinnatu MIN a Se'ammaldti Maqlu V 54; §umma ina dli NU.GIG.[ME§ MIN (= ma'da)] CT 38 5:115 var.(SB Alu), dupl. (broken) CT 51 146 r. 11.

e) in rit.: SAL.NU.GIG.ME§ Sa ina mBte-lil-te x-[x]-ka-nu the q.-women who[...] with water for purification (pre-ceded by NIN.DINGIR.RA.ME§, naddte)KAR 321:7, Cf. [NI]N.DINGIR.RA.ME [...

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qadiluqa]-d-da-a-ti K.12058:2f. (courtesy W. G.Lambert); qa-di-il-t[u] me iz[zariq]ma [. . .]the q.-woman has sprinkled water and[...] (in preparation for a festival) Lam-bert BWL 160:7 (MA fable).

According to OB references, the qaditucould own property; she could marry(YOS 8 125) and have children (VAS 8 92).She also served as wet-nurse. She is oftendesignated as a votary of Adad and (inMari) of Annunitu. There is no evidenceof her being a prostitute. She is mentionedbeside the midwife (AfO 17 268:11), andin Sum. texts seems to play a role infertility and childbirth.

For a male counterpart in RS, corre-sponding to Ugar. qdl (see von Soden, UF2 329), cf. LU.NU.GIG MRS 12 93:26.

In Ugaritica 5 11 No. 7:14 read PN DUMU<Bin(= DUMU)>-qa-di4-ti (witness) as syllabicrendering of the Ugar. name bn.qdlt, see GrondahlDie Personennamen der Texte aus Ugarit 407. InAGH (= Ebeling Handerhebung) 128:13 read dr-da-a-ti.

Renger, ZA 58 179-184 (also for Sum. refs.).For etym. and Sum. refs. see Edzard, ZA 55 104 f.;Harris Ancient Sippar 328 ff.

qadilu adj. (?); (mng. uncert.); EA.*May the king know inuma ildni Gubla

qa-di(!)-5u u mur-qu-u magal that thegods of Byblos are angry(?) and (thattherefore) there is a serious epidemicEA 137:32.

Meaning suggested by the context. Theword is either an adjective in predicatestate or a WSem. verb in the preterite.

qadma adv.; before (?); OAkk.*; cf.qudmu.

Sheep qd-ad-ma PN li-ir-da he shouldlead before (?) PN Owen Lewis Coll. 101:16(let.).

Formation parallel to mahra, arka, etc.

qadmil adv.; in olden times; SB*; cf.qudmu.

qadu8a qd-ad-mi-i izkuruli abu dddida

[Anu] (the name) which her belovedfather Anu gave her in olden times AfK1 21 ii 3 (SB lit.).

qadmu s.; god; OB, SB.qu-ud-mu TAR, qa-ad-mu TAR = dTAR A

111/5:184f.qa-ad-mu = i-[lu] CT 25 18 iv 9.

ip-pan qd-a[d-mi] in front of the godsLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 98 v 47, see von Soden,Or. NS 38 432; Aarri qdd-mi dNarru bdnapdt[i] the king of the gods, Narru (i.e.,Enlil), who created mankind Lambert BWL88:276 (Theodicy); ina mahar qdd-mi §aaddamu u mind u'attar how do I profitfrom having bowed down to the gods?ibid. 86:251; a gabrd ikud[u] iStarilutaq[qi] ulliS qdd-mi-§u s[upp]i akinmahe who overcame a rival heeded his god-dess, his prayer was put before his godAfO 19 51:103.

For Borger Einleitung 9 ii 4 see qudmu usage b.

qadmu see qudmu.

qadguttu see *qadctu.

*qadlfitu (qadSuttu) s.; status of priest;RS*; cf. qad du.

From this day on RN has given a taxexemption to PN and his sons and hasgiven him the status of chariot driverina qa-ad-6u-ut-ti iSSuma he has elevatedhim from the status of priest MRS 6 140RS 16.132:7, see von Soden, UF 2 329f.

In BA 5 546:81 (= SBH 106 No. 56) theAkk. corr. to Sum. gaian.an.na is E§4.DAR-ti, with an imperfect ligature of thefirst two signs, for parallels see itartulex. section and mng. 1.

qadu conj.; because, since; Mari.*apdlumma ul ippalanni . . . qa-du la

ipulanni ana egr belija altapram he doesnot answer me at all, since he has not

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qaduanswered me I am writing to my lord ARM14 13:35; LJ Bdbili ul imgurma [q]a-duLO Bdbili la imguruu ... itbemma theruler of GN did not agree, and becausethe ruler of GN did not agree with him,he left ARM 4 26:21; qa-du-um alakkaana aer abika luppu[t]u ~dbam ... lizisbakkumma andku . . . luttallak since yourgoing to your father has been delayed, Iwill leave you the troops and I will gomyself ARM 2 39:46.

For other refs. see adi conj. usage a-2'.Refs. to the prep. qadu are cited sub adiA and B prep.

qadu see adi.

qadf A s.; owl; OB, SB; wr. syll.and URU.HUL.A.MU§EN; cf. qiur qdd ,qadu A v.

[muAen.zib MU§EN] = [qa-du-u], uru.hul.aMU§EN = MIN Hh. XVIII 169f., in MSL 8/2 124,restored from [muAen.zi]b MU EN mu-Ai-zi-pa(pronunciation) = qa-du4fil, [mu en.hul].aMU§EN mu-ul-hu-la (pronunciation) = qa-du-uMSL 8/2 159:12'f. (MB forerunner from Bogh. toHh. XVIII); uru.hul.a MU§EN = qa-du-u= ak(var.a)-ku-u Hg. D 337, also Hg. C I 11, var. fromHg. B IV 293, in MSL 8/2 170f. and 176; us.aMU§EN = hu-u-[a] = qa-du-u, fi.ku.ku.ba.i iMU§EN = it-til [i-mut] = [MINi, lal.la.ri MU§EN =(blank) = MIN Hg. B IV 229-231, in MSL 8/2166; ug.[a MU§EN] = [hu-u-a] = [qa-du-u] Hg.D III 266, in MSL 8/2 175; u.ku.k[u.ba.6] MUAEN = it-til i-mut = qa-du-u, lal.la.ru MUAEN= (blank) = MIN Hg. D III 328f., in MSL 8/2175; [.. .].MUJEN = qa-du-u Practical VocabularyAssur 969.

L.UDU reS-ti : ka-bar-te(var. -ti) qa-d[i-i] KocherPflanzenkunde 28 i 15, var. from dupl. CT 37 26 i 3.

[1]i-ir-bi-i qa-du-fil let the owl nest(in broken context) RA 62 126:32 (Gilg.);qa-du-u MU§EN i$qr Ea tukku-tukkuitanassi the owl, the bird of Ea, criestukku-tukku KAR 125:9; if in a house [qa-d]u-i issi (also isgum) CT 38 31 r. 10f.,for refs. with qad "to cry like an owl,"see qad A v.; mdmt atidu qa-du-u dallalu the oath by wild ram, owl, (or) frog§urpu III 68, cf. ina HUL URU.HUL.A.MUSEN

*qadi BCT 41 24 iii 6 (namburbi); Jumma kima qd-di-i MU§EN CT 38 pl. 21:84, cf. DID URU.HU[L.A.MUAEN. .. ] with gloss qa-d[u-u]CT 41 6:19, cf. DIA qa-d[u-u] ibid. 21, DID[q]a-du-i ibid. 7:37 (all SB Alu, in brokencontexts); ui qa-du-i MU§EN owl blood(used as medication) BRM 4 32:8, cf.1OT.ME qa-di-ril Kocher Pflanzenkunde 28 i 11,also fTJ MU§EN qa-di-i TCL 6 34 i 6, citedi~uir qdde.

The word is an onomatopoeic designa-tion from which a verb qadu "to hoot"is derived; qad is not a participle ofthis verb (correct i~iur qdd& CAD I/J 208accordingly). See also e lebu disc. section.

qadf B s.; (a type of bread); MB.*4 SILA NINDA qa-du- one-half sila

(of barley?) for q. bread BE 14 152:25, alsoibid. 15.

Compare the NA refs. to NINDA qadutu,cited qadutu mng. 4.

qadi A v.; to hoot; Mari, SB; I iqaddi;cf. igir qdd, qadi A s.

This city will be abandoned ina lib=bi u qa-du-u i-qad-du-u in its midst owlswill hoot TCL 6 1 r. 2, CT 30 9:14, cf. [...iJ assi ina ribit ali i-qa-ad-di qa-du-u [. . .]Bauer Asb. 2 78:18; [k] ima qa-di-im edilli4ala i-qa-ad(text -al) -[di] she must not crylike an owl in her loneliness Syria 19125:25 (Mari let., translit. only).

For UET 4 208:5 see qudd.

*qadfl B (*kddu) v.; to pay attention;lex.*; I, II.

li.ib.kar (var. [li]b.A.gar) = pu-ku-u, li.ib.kar.kar (var. [li].ib.A.gar.gar) = ku-ud-du-u,li.ib.kar.ri.a (var. [li]b.A.gar.ri.a) = qa-du-uErimhuS Bogh. A iii 6ff.

The Bogh. spelling pu-ku-u for puqqushows that qa-du-t and ku-ud-du-u standfor kddu and kuddu; therefore this verbbelongs with the refs. cited sub kuddu

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qaduv.; kddu thus seems to be attested forthat verb as well as kuddu.

qAdu (qidu) v.; 1. to set afire, tolight, to kindle, 2. to burn, burn down,3. IV to be kindled; OB, SB; I iqid-iqdd - qed (Streck Asb. 266 iii 10), part.qdid, IV; wr. syll. and LA; cf. maqaddu,qdatu.

[14] = qa-a-du Nabnitu XXIII 85.gi.izi.14 ma§.tab.ba i6.bi u.me.ni.l :

gi-zil-le-e ki-<lal>-la-an ina da-me-ii qu-ud-malight both torches (dipped) in its (the sacrificialkid's) blood RA 28 140 Sm. 922:12f., cf. [...]u.m e. ni. 6 : [. . .] da-mi ta-qad-ma CT 17 9:34 f.;[dNE.NUN. = qa]-[il-da-at nu-u-ru ru-bi-e (withcomm.) LA // qa-a-du [...] BM 62741:16 (comm.to god list, courtesy W. G. Lambert).

qa-a-du, qa-mu-u = Id-ra-pu An IX 14f.; qa-mu-u, qa-a-4u (var. qi-a-di), qa-a-du, qi-a-du = §d-r[a-pu] LTBA 2 2:147-150, dupl. ibid. 3 iii 1-4,var. from CT 18 24 K.4219 ii 6.

1. to set afire, to light, to kindle -a) to set afire (in hist.): 115 aldni §alimitila kima abri a-qu-ud-ma quturunkima aamdti pan ame ulaktim I setfire to 115 villages around it as if theywere brushwood and filled the sky withtheir smoke so that it looked like a duststorm TCL 3 182 and 268, cf. bit Haldiaililu abri4 a-qu-ud-ma ibid. 279, alsoebira ... abriS a-qu-ud-ma ibid. 275,[... §a] kima dipdri a-qu-du-ma LevineStelae 38:53 (all Sar.).

b) to light, to kindle: abri nuppuhudipdri qe-e-du (from the quay of Assurto the quay of Babylon) piles of brush-wood were set afire, torches lit (for illu-mination) Streck Asb. 266 iii 10; ina iadtkibriti i-qa-dam-ma he lights (torches)with sulphur fire RAcc. 119:30, cf. gizilld<ina> ildt kibriti ta-qad-ma gurpu I 5, also4R 55 No. 2:17, see ArOr 17/1 187, AfO 18 297:9,cf. (in same context) wr. LA-ma PBS10/2 18 r. 37, KAR 26 obv.(!) 22 and dupls.;gizilld i-qa-da-ma BRM 4 6:16; I preparea reed pile iMdta a-qad-ma I kindle afire (and set the house on fire) Revue

qadftuS6mitique 9 159 K.9287 ii 24, see TuL p. 17:23,cf. [ia tu 5a i-qa-du-ni Pallis Akitu pl. 5:3(= CT 15 44); nur TA gizilli i-qdd-du-i-maana bit ildnilunu ina4li (the priests) lightthe lamp from the torch and they (text:he) take (it) to the temples of their godsRAcc. 120:15, cf. anaZALAG ta-qa[d] Dream-book 343 r. x+16, cf. nura ta-qad ibid. 339:x+10.

2. to burn, burn down: tar-ri tu-ud-di-<i> Samsuiluna zi-bi(text -bu)-ki li-qi-ud let the king you have chosen(?), RN,burn food offerings for you VAS 10 215r. 6 (OB lit.); erenu Sa ina paniQunu i-qu-ud-du 'ihhat Seri ili lemnuti the cedarwood that they burn in front of them(refers to) the wasting away of the evilgods KAR 307 r. 24; luqmuma luliuma lu-qud-ma [a]na pan be dabdbija ludgul Iwill burn (the house), .... , set afire (or)give way to my prosecutor Lambert BWL144:34; bi li billi qi-di-e qi-di-e MaqluIII 192 (catch line) = IV 1; in transferred mng.:qa-e-da-at erhussu tuhammat la Semi hisaggressiveness sets afire, it burns thedisobedient AfO 18 48 F 11 (Tn.-Epic).

3. IV to be kindled (said of fire):ildtu iq-qa-di a fire was kindled AChSupp. 2 Sin 23:32.

For KAR 66:17 see qd$u.

qadum see adi B.

qadurtu s.; (mng. unkn.); NA.*UZU.KA.NE .. . ina pan Bel ikarraruni

.d qa-du-ur-te gS-u [...] they place theroast meat before Bel .... [...] ZA 52226:10, also ZA 51 138:50 and ibid. 154:26 (culticcomm.).

See also qadaruttu.

qaduttu see qaditu.

qaditu (qaduttu) s.; 1. mud, sedi-ment, 2. beer dregs, 3. (a morbidsubstance in the eye), 4. (a type of breadused for offerings); OB, MB, SB, NA;NA pi. qadudti; wr. syll. and IM.G~.

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qadiituim. g = qa-du-tum (vars. qa-du-ti, qa-du-ut-

tur), im. g6.DIN.na = MIN li-ka-ri, im. g6.en.na= MIN i-ka-ni, im.gui.a.ab.ba = MIN tam-tim,im.g .id.da = MIN na-a-ri Hh. XI 322ff.; im.gu.en.na = qa-du-u(mistake for -ut?) i-ka-ni =gik-nu §d fD, im.sahar.m[i.kur.ra] = [q]it-mu= [NA 4 ga-bi-i], im.g6. KA§.DIN. na = qa-du-ut §i-ka-ri = fur-um-mu Sd KAS.SAG, im.gi = qa-du-tum = ti-du Hg. A II 134 ff., and correct accordinglyMSL 7 113f.

1. mud, sediment -a) in gen.: pld.kur.ra.kex(KID) im. g. nu im.mi.MIR.[MIR] : ina birti Sadi qa-du-ti amhuhin a mountain well I stirred up mudASKT p. 127:35f.; §umma ndru kima meburti IM.GT [. . .] if a river, like the waterfrom a well, [is full of?] sediment CT 3914:21 (SB Alu); Summa naru <mlu> kzimaIM.GU ittanadlahu if <the water in> a riveris always roiled as if (with) sediment ibid.15, cf. Summa naru kima IM.GU MI ibid.14, (with BABBAR) ibid. 13; Summa me amekzma IM.Gj if the rain is like mudACh Adad 31:55; Summa IM.GU mata ishupif mud covers the land Labat Calendrierp. 232:22, ACh Samai 14:4, ACh Sin 35:4, 8,12, and passim in this text, for IM.Gt.A asSumerogram in a Hitt. parallel see H. Ber-man, Anatolian Studies Giiterbock 58 f.; a§§umqd-du-tim sa tadpuram qd-du-tam utdbi,lakkum concerning the q. that you wroteabout, I am sending the q. along to youABIM 27:5f. (OB let.).

b) used for plastering walls: u eliSti-da-am qa-du-tam isirruu and above(the parts smeared with bitumen) theywill plaster (the igu structure) with q.-clayARMT 13 27:9 (Mari let.); if a house ESIRESIR.UD.DU.A SIG4 .AL.UR.RA IM.BABBARIM.GJ kapir is coated with refined orcrude bitumen, baked bricks, gypsum,(or) mud plaster CT 40 2:47, dupl. CT 3817:92 (SB Alu); sippi bdb bzt ameli IM.G[...] arkiu billatu ... ina muhhi IM.GOTtalahhat [. . .] K.9873:3 and 5 (rit.), citedBezold Cat. 1045, cf. IM.GOj talahhat KAR90:2; qd-du-tam u gaqqa eliu talakkanyou place mud and gypsum on it (the

qadiitu

fungus-covered wall) Or. NS 40 141:27,cf. MUN SIM.LI IM.BABBAR IM.Gl tuballaleliu tes&r you mix salt, juniper, gypsum,(and) mud (and) smear (it) on (thefungus) ibid. 142 r. 5 (SB namburbi); ka-du-ut .SIG4 ... tasdk (for a potion)KUB 37 2:24, dupl. KUB 4 55:3 (med.).

c) in med. - 1' qadutu: IM.GG aseta kadat tahaSaal (for a poultice) AMT78,7:7, and passim in med., see estu mng. 1 f;IM.GU KI.A dfD (for an enema) KocherBAM 104:66.

2' IM.GU.EN.NA (= qadut ikani) riversediment: i SILA IM.GU..EN.NA (amongother medications) Kuchler Beitr. pl. 6 i 4,also Kocher BAM 104:11, 398:35, CT 23 50:10,RA 53 14 r. 11, AMT 7,3:2, and passim in AMT.

3' IM.GU.NIG.NIGIN.NA in CT 23 46:31,AMT 5,5 ii 11, 23,8:4, 40,5 iii 11, 43,2:7 and9, 44,1 ii 6 is of uncertain reading; seediscussion sub adattu.

2. beer dregs: seeim.g.KA.DIN.na= qadit ikari, in lex. section; x SILA qd-du-ut KA§ (among medicinal substances)PBS 2/2 107:31 (MB); sinuki damqa qa-rdul-t[um li]leh[hi] UET 6 394:16 (Gilg.),see Landsberger, RA 62 124.

3. (a morbid substance in the eye): Sum-ma inau IM.G m[ald...] if his eyes arefull of "mud" Labat TDP 48 C ii 4, also 2f.,46 B i 8, 152 r. 6.

4. (a type of bread used for offerings,MA, NA only): x §E.GIG.ME§ ana NINDAqa-du-a-ti. . . L(O.NINDA.MEA inaliu thebakers take x wheat for the q.-breadPostgate Royal Grants No. 42-44:11 and 28;2 SILA NINDA qa-du-ti (beside NINDAmidri, etc., in a royal offering to A9iur)ADD 760 r. 2, cf. ADD 1004:12, r. 2, 1006 r. 4,1011:7, 1012 r. 5, 1013 r. 7 and 11, 1015:6,1018:9, 1019:7, r. 13, 1021 r. 4, 1030:11 andr. 8, also x SiLA qa-du-td ADD 1005 r. 10,1010 r. 14, 1015 r. 9, and passim in ADD; 2 NINDAqa-du-a-tu Sa 1 SILA.T[A.AM] VAT 10550ii 20 (MA), and passim in this text.

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qahilatuqihilatu (or qa'ilatu) s.; (mng. unkn.);OB (Chagar Bazar).

3 BAN SAL.TUR qa-hi-la-tum DUMU.SALSd-bi-i-im Loretz Chagar Bazar No. 44:72,cf. 3 BAN SAL.TUR qa-hi-la-tum a Sd-bi-i-im ibid. No. 41:71 (lists of rations), see AOAT1 219, 226, also A 974, cited Iraq 7 55.

Either a (WSem.) personal name or aprofession.

qi' ilatu see qiailatu.

qajalu adj.; 1. taciturn, 2. pious, 3.attentive, eager; OB, SB; cf. qdlu A v.

1. taciturn: qd-ia-al he is taciturn(opposite ha-bu-urhe is noisy) AfO 18 63i 15(OB physiogn.).

2. pious: altanassi ilzma (DINGIR.ME§-ma) kalil qa-a-a-al as one who is verypious I invoke the gods continuouslyPSBA 17 139:8 (acrostic); qa-a-a-lu (inbroken context, parallel to enqu and bdbilpani) Lambert BWL 207:6, cf. qa-a-a-la-tu (var. qa-a-a-la-a-ti) ie'd mihQa ibid.11; in difficult context: [...] x qa-a-a-lu6inipat lilli ibid. 144:33.

3. attentive, eager: LUGAL ek-ke-mu :qa-a-a-lu 2R 47 i 12 (unidentified comm.);qdt qa-a-a-li hand of q. (name of a de-mon?) Labat Suse 11 v 18.

qajapu adj.; sagging; SB; cf. qdpuB v.igdru qd-a-a-a-pu-tim adki eperi qerbi4u

assuh I removed its (the temple's) saggingwalls, I brought out the debris from insideit VAB 4 264 i 29, cf. eperiu qa-a-a-pu-ti(var. -tu) adkd RA 11 112 ii 30, var. fromCT 36 23:31 (all Nbn.).

qajau adj.; generous; SB; cf. qadu v.qa-a-a-di (in broken context) Lambert

BWL 80:196 (Theodicy), with comm. qa-a-Si // \na-da-nul.

qajipanuqajatu (gajdtu, ka'dtu, kajdtu) s.; (aparched grain and a food made from it);OB, MB, Nuzi, NB, Akkadogram inHitt.(?).

s a. a = ga-a-a-tu Nigga Bil. B 246.

x §E ana arsdni x §E ana qa-a-ti-imx barley for (making) groats, x barleyfor q. Edzard Tell ed-Der 159:8; X SILA §Eana idi qdliatim MIN fa qd-a-tim x barleyas wages for the women who parch grain,ditto for the ones who prepare q. ibid.135 r. 9; allum qa-a-ia-tim a e'im NE-[x]concerning the q. (made) of parched bar-ley OBT Tell Rimah 123:9; qa-ia-tim (inbroken context) TIM 9 51:8 (= Sumer 13 115,OB beer recipe); (barley) ana qa-a-ta §ahaSddu §a Belet-Sippar for q. for thewedding ceremony of DN 82-7-14,1165:4, cf.qa-a-a-ti (beside abaMinnu) Moldenke 262:2 (both NB); as Akkadogram in Hitt.(uncert.): (tribute of gold, copper, and)3 BAN GA-IA-TUM KBo 12 38:13 and 15.

For other refs. from OB, MB, Nuzi, andNB texts see gajdtu and ka'dtu.

qajipanu s.; 1. creditor, lender, 2. dep-uty; OB, MB, MA; cf. qdpu A v.

1. creditor: FLU qda-ji-pa-nu-um anabzt [LO Akkadi u] LU Amurri [9a iqpulum]ul iassi i[ass88ma] imd[t] (because theking has issued a miaru decree) a creditormay not dun the household of any Ak-kadian or Amorite to whom he has ex-tended credit, should he dun, he will dieRA 63 49:55 (= Kraus Edikt p. 28:23), cf. [. ..K]t.BABBAR luSelu mamma qa-ji-pa-nu x[. . .] AfO 12 51 text K 7 (Ass. Code).

2. deputy: ahua ana pan qd-a-a-pa-nimamma la umallar my brother must notentrust to any deputy officer (the goldthat my brother sends) EA 7:67, cf. ibid.70 (let. of Burna-Burias).

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qajipanuituqajipnuitu s.; condition of lender; OB,SB; cf. qdpu A v.

qd-ji-pa-nu-tam ippu he will becomea creditor AfO 18 63:8 (OB physiogn.), qa-a-a-pa-n[u]-tam ippu Kraus Texte 50:40,also K.3953 iii 16, cited Oppenheim, AfO 18 63n. 8.

qajipu adj.; (person) giving credit; lex.*;cf. qdpu A v.

ga.ab.gi.na = qa-a-a-pu Izi V 108.

qalalu v.; 1. to become thin, weak,light, 2. to lose importance, to becomediscredited, 3. qullulu to make an inferior-quality product, to reduce, to diminish,4. qullulu to discredit, 5. II/2 (alsoII/3) to be discredited, ridiculed (passiveto mng. 4); from OA, OB on; I iqlil-iqallil - qalil, II, II/2, 11/3; wr. syll.and LAL; cf. muqallilu, qallalu, qallatu A,*qallilu, qallil, qallu adj., qallu A s.,qalluttu, qulili, qullulu adj.

NE p .la = qa-la-lum Antagal G 130; pe.el.1dugud = qd-la-lum kabdtum Imgidda to ErimhuB 9'; SAL = qd-la-lum (also = rapd5um) MSL 14126:821 and 824 (Proto-Aa).

[pe.el. l] = qu-lu-lu, [dugud] = kub-bu-duErimhu II 4f.; u.pe. el.l = [qu -ul-lu-lum NiggaBil. B 148; [sa]g.dugud = [kubbutu], [sa]g.bil.l = [qul-lu-lu] Antagal F 65f.; sag.DU.DU =qil-[lu-lu] ibid. 73; sag.ir.ir = sag. DU.DU =qil-lu-lu mar2 Emesal Voc. III 11; bu-ur B jR =qu-ul-lu-lum A VIII/2:186.

pe.el dugud (var. pu.la.ad.gu.ud) dInninz a. a. k am : qa-la-lu i ka-ba-tum ckmma Itar (seekabdtu lex. section) TIM 9 24:2ff., and dupl.,see Sjoberg, ZA 65 194:159.

6 kur.re §u.pi.il.rdug 4.ga1.mu : ft1 §anakri u-qal-li-lu- SBH p. 60 No. 31:27f.; ni.zu a.ginx(oIM) mu.un.pe.el : ramanki k tu-qal-li-li how could you debase yourself? PSBA 17pl. after p. 64 K.41 iii 18f.; [su]hu .a.ni.s ein.bus.bu 5.a.gin, bi.in.SAL: i4diB a kima idiph -qal-lil he (Enlil) made her position as flimsyas a foundation of chaff Lambert BWL 267:9.

\qula-lu-lu = na-qa-r[u] Malku VIII 81; tu-qal-lal 5R 45 K.253 iv 25 (gramm.).

1. to become thin, weak, light - a) inconcrete sense (said of brews, flesh,

qaliluwoods, etc.): have them assign him threemen to mix the wine kardnum §2 la i-qd-li-il u tiqitam PN la iralli that wine mustnot become weak and PN must have nogrounds for complaint ARMT 13 142:42;6umma TA bit ameli karpat (ibiti iq-lilif in a man's house a jug of vinegarbecomes weak CT 40 4:95 (SB Alu); libittumrlal i-qd-li-il(?) Sumer 23 163:52 (OB let.);alpum ... mddi ikbirma ihdS ... assurriS. . imaqqutma zirSu i-qd-li-il the ox hasbecome extremely fat and is ill, (my lordshould give orders that it be slaughtered)lest it fall dead and its flesh spoil ARM 145:9, cf. 6:22; GI .HI.A-§a [la] i-qd-li-lu its(the forest's) trees must not thin out Kraus,AbB 5 79:6; hubullak<nu> iq-ti-li-i[15] (theburden of) your debt has (indeed) becomelighter CCT 5 8a:36 (OA).

b) to become agile, light: neSmuAui-qal-lil his hearing will become unob-structed (referring to uzndsu kabta) AMT35,2 ii 10, dupl. Kocher BAM 3 iii 51, also (inbroken context) i-qdl-li-la-is AMT 49,2r. ii 4; if the tendons in a man's legs areslack and he cannot walk (you make acompress and) SA.GIR.MES-i ipalMiha(var. ipaahuma) GiR"-S i-qa(var. -qal)-li-la the tendons in his legs will relaxand his legs will be able to move easilyKocher BAM 122 r. 10, vars. from dupl. AMT 68,1r. 11; qdtdSu Sepdiu i-qal-li-la qdtdu lSepJSu i-qal-li-<la> d -L LAL.DU ii-u hishands and feet will become light (explana-tion:) his hands and feet will become light:this is with reference to impoverishmentKAR 52:5f. (Alu Comm.); note in idiomaticuse: anyone who hears of it can reportit to the enemy lemnum u ajdbum birkdui-qal-li-la and the evil enemy will actswiftly Bagh. Mitt. 2 59 iv 31 (OB let.).

2. to lose importance, to become dis-credited - a) in gen.: [ul amda]hha litedbi kidinnu [.. . ul] agkun qa-lal-Mi-nuI (the king) did not strike the cheek ofthe privileged citizens - nor did I bring

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qalaluabout their humiliation RAcc. 144:427;6arru itti kabtutilu <<qal> i-qal-lil theking will become discredited throughthe connivance(?) of his noblemen RA34 7:32 (Nuzi earthquake omens), also ACh Sin35:11, cf. §arru itti kabtitiu i-qal-lil ...§umma i-qal-lil pierbu ribu ~i (as regardsthe omen saying) "The king will becomediscredited through the connivance (?) ofhis noblemen," if (the omen says) "He willbecome discredited," it refers to an earth-quake ABL 355:10 and r. 3, see Parpola LASNo. 35; larru i-qal-lil Labat Calendrier § 84:11,also ACh Supp. 33:31, ar kiSati i-[qal]-lilCT 38 6:156, also ACh Ihtar 6:11; arru inalibbi mdtilu i-qal-lil Labat Calendrier § 101:4,also rub4 ina mdtifu i-qal-lil RA 34 5:5(Nuzi earthquake omens), also (same omen)rubl ina KUR -ii (translit. mdt nakri) i-qal-[lil] Thompson Rep. 265 A r. 5; rub l§ i-qal-lil CT 40 36:44 (Alu), kabtutu i-qal-li-luLeichty Izbu XXI 18; NIG.TUK i-qal-lil lapnuidammiq the wealthy man will lose status,the poor man will do well Dream-book327 i 79; kabtu LAL-lil mukenu meSrdirali ibid. 322 i 27, cf. muSkenic mtikalua i-qal-li-lu Leichty Izbu XXI 16; [bellamatilu i-qal-lil CT 28 25:23 (physiogn.);be biti i-qal-lil CT 40 33 r. 7 (Alu), dupl.TCL 6 8 r. 4; amelu ~i i-qal-lil KAR 384r. 5, also Kraus Texte 57a iv 9f., qa-lal ameliibid. 36 i 16; a-wa-at awiim i-qd-al-li-ilthe man's word will be held of no accountYOS 10 47:8 (OB behavior of sacrificial lamb);ina dinim i-qal-lil he will lose standingin court Dream-book 324 K.2018A ii 18; Sarruikabbit mdtu i-qdl-lil Labat Calendrier § 100:4;izbt mdti nakru ileqqe matu UGU na-§i-Md

i-qa-lil an enemy will carry off the eldersof the land, the land will .... more thanits . . .. Leichty Izbu V 95; uncert.: agan:neti ad ha-tu-ti-Su .. . aganneti adi qa-la-li-li these women, including the menwho sin against him(?), these women, in-cluding his(?) .... (for similar contrastsee qallu adj. mng. 2a) Lambert Love Lyrics108 i 15 and dupl. K.19639 (courtesy W. G. Lam-bert).

qalalub) with qaqqadu: bel? atta ina annitim

qaqqadz kubbitma ina birit ahheja ka-aq-qd-di la i-qd-al-li-il please, my lord, treatme with due honor in this matter so thatI will not lose face among my colleaguesCT 2 48:26 (OB let.), cf. appu[ttum qa-qa-d]i(?) [ana] la damiqtim [la i-qa]-al-li-ilSumer 14 50 No. 25:12 (Harmal let.); ul tidekima awilum §a bi-ta-nu-u la taklu fqdl-qd-su ina ekallilu qd-al-lu u Sii i-tu doyou not know that a man who is nottrusted in(?) his own house is held incontempt in the (lit. his) palace, andhimself is of little account? OBT Tell Rimah150:31; d4ib dli lu rubu ul ilebbi akla

mumsuk ina pinilluma qa-lil [ qa] q-qad-su(var. SAG.DU-SU) a city dweller, even ifhe be a prince, will not be sated withfood, he will be maligned by his ownpeople and held in contempt Cagni Erra 153;SAG.DU sarri i-qal-lil KI.MIN mdtu ihadd~the king will become despised, alter-natively: the land will be joyous ACh gamas4:13, alsoSupp. 2 8ama 32:22; qa-lal SAG.D[U] Kraus Texte 36 iv 12, cf. qa-la-al SAG LTIMDP 14 p. 49 i 5 (MB dream omens), SAG.DU-sU i-qal-lil Kraus Texte 56 r. iv 21; a epinam ti qa-lil qaq-qad-su (see namitu A)Lambert BWL 100:30, cf. qa-lal SAG.DU-8u(in broken context) ibid. 102:94; note inmetonymic use: aMum qaqqad a-wa-a-tim §a la riksi qd-al-l[u-ma(?)] since atransaction without a contract is of littlevalue Kraus, AbB 5 171:11.

3. qullulu to make an inferior-qualityproduct, to reduce, to diminish - a) tomake an inferior-quality product: qubdtawil& §attam ana §attim idammiqu attiqubdti attam ana 'attim tu-qd-al-la-li ina.ubdtija qu-ul-lu-lim u §u-us-si-<im>taltari (other) people's clothes get betterfrom year to year, but you let my clothesget shabbier year after year, you haveprospered through letting my clothes getshabby and from letting them out(?) (atthe seams?) TCL 18 111: 12 and 14, cf. ibid. 18;[awiltam] Sa likaram udammaqu atars

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qalalurdkkum awiltam itrdmma 10 billatam ug-da-li-il (he said) "I will send you awoman who makes good beer," he senta woman but she prepared ten (lumpsof) weak billatu JCS 9 105 111:x+6 (bothOB letters); emdria ti-qd-ld-ld-ni-ma libbituamraani you (pl.) are letting mydonkeys become weak(?) (by overloadingthem) and you thus make me angry TCL4 16:19 (OA).

b) to reduce, to diminish: milum il=lakma ebur mdti u-qal-lal-ma high waterswill come and reduce the land's harvestK.6174 r. 5 (astrol.), cf. BURU 5 .HI.A zI-maEBUR LIL i-qal-lal Labat Calendrier § 89:13;KU.GI ... uq-ta-li-lu-ni they have re-duced(?) the (amount of) gold ABL 1378r. 5 (NA).

4. qullulu to discredit - a) with aperson as object: 11 GfN.TA Qi-i[b-tdm]ana 1 ma-na-im la adammeuka u aAapparamma i-qd-lu-lu-kd (by god!) I will notoblige you by reducing the standard in-terest of one and a half shekels per mina(of silver), but I will inform (them) andthey will discredit you BIN 6 74:38, seeKienast ATHE p. 35, cf. kaspam [A]ebilam laadapparamma ikkarim la -qd-l-lu-kcCCT 4 32a:19, also ni4apparma ina kdrimnu-qd-ld-al- u BIN 6 187:12, ina kdrim nu-qd-ld-al-kd TCL 14 41:23; adi hamiu an=nakam ramal4u ana qd-lu-li-im izziz BIN6 58:23, umi abija [Id] u-qd-ld-al ibid.91:8, cf. 6um4u ti-q[d-li-li] ibid. 199:5,etemme [bit ab]ini lu i-qd-li-ils-ma ibid.59:9, mi.su 9a amtum tallikuma u-qd-li-lu-u why is it that the second-rank wifedeparted and they have discredited him?KTS 13b: 10 (all OA); note in 11/3: kaspam1 ofN lalqema latbema lattallak ~ lu-uq-ta-li-li I will take every single shekel ofsilver and leave, even if he keeps ridi-culing me ICK 1 183:7 (OA); uarrirli amrmagrdtim qd-ul-lu-li-im tarlidtim (seemagrTtu usage b) VAS 10 214 vii 9 (OB Agu-saja); errlum i-qd-al-li-la-an-ni-ma anamahar rabidnim u 6Tbit Jlim allik the

qalalutenant farmer treated me with disrespect,so I approached the mayor and the cityelders JCS 23 29 No. 1:12, cf. la t-qd-al-la-lu-ni-a-ti CT 5288 r. 15, cf. also ibid. 179:3; anaQer annim epeiim magal qi-ul-lu-la-a-kuin addition to this (odious) deed, I havebeen greatly maligned YOS 2 40:24; inainim la tu-qd-la-la-ni (in obscure context)PBS 12/1 22:21; without object: illiku -qd-al-li-il-ma umma YOS 2 50:14, cf. PN emillakuma -qd-al-la-al CT 4 27d: 16 (all OB);RN ana qi-lu-li-Ju ana mat ASur ittadinRN gave back (the door of silver and goldwhich RN2 had received from Assyria) toAssyria to put him (RN2) to shame KBo 13:10; inuma siG-ia // ia-qi-el-li-ni uDUGUD // iu-ka-bi-id ahhujja ihrutu (seekabdtu mng. 5) EA 245:39; whichever ofthe sons brings a lawsuit against themother sa i-qa-al-li-il 'PN ummaunuwhoever treats 'PN, their mother, with dis-respect (parallel: mannumm ina libbilunuSa ukabbit fPN umma4unu whichever ofthem treats fPN, their mother, withrespect) Syria 18 249:19 (RS leg.); u §arra

ennd tu-qa-[1]i-[i]l (in broken context)MRS 9 136 RS 16.270:27; ina min du-qal-lil-ki-ma in what way have I shown you(Igtar) disrespect? ZA 5 67:41 (SB prayer ofAsn. I); md a la(text AD) §arri ittalka mdina muhhi pija qa-li-la-u he came with-out the king's permission, reprimandhim on my behalf Iraq 34 22:36 (NA);uncert.: ina qdte PN la nu-qul-li-li u PNina qdte nini la ihalliqanninni CT 22 10:20(NB let.); in personal names: Mu-qa-lil-kabti ADD 311 r. 17, Mu-qal-lil-kabti ADD618:7, for other refs. see Tallqvist APN 140asub Muqallil-mitu (all NA).

b) with qaqqadu: letissa la teleqqe uqd-qd-sd ana awatim la tu-qd-la-al in viewof the circumstances do not hold her incontempt or treat her with disrespectTLB 4 90:11; le'am ... idabbub u qa-qa-dii-qa-al-li-il annidtum damqd he con-

tests the barley and furthermore he hasslighted me, is this proper (behavior)?

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*qalaluSumer 14 38 No. 16 r. 4 (Harmal let.); Bdbilimredo la ikagaduni qd-qd-di la tu-qd-la-althe soldiers must not take their complaintto Babylon, you must not discredit meCT 2 29:35; ina ruteMim qd-qd-ad-ni mcdiuq-ta-li-il she has slighted us greatly bypersistently acting inconsiderately TCL18 135:15, cf. qd-qd-di tu-qd-al-li-<li> OBTTell Rimah 121:28 (all OB); qa-qa-ad ajdbbelija PN ti-qa-li-il ARM 2 113:31.

c) other occs.: idja tu-[u]q-ta-al-li-liyou have damaged my status (for contextsee idu mng. 2d) TCL 17 56:16 (OB let.),cf. awat pi[ki] ul u-qd-la-al I will notscorn your words ibid. 44; see also Lam-bert BWL 267:9, in lex. section; ina hzfdnigab[bi ... ] ... 2 qal-lu-li KAV 1 viii 56(Ass. Code § 58).

5. II/2 (also II/3) to be discredited,ridiculed (passive to mng. 4): Jummaamtum ina bit agiri'a uq-ta-al-la-al if aslave girl is held of little account(?) inthe house of the man who hires her KrausAbB 1 18:21 (coll.); note in 11/3: uq-ta-na-la-al ina terti4u innassah he will be dis-credited and removed from his office KrausTexte 57a i 19, see ZA 43 94 i 44.

The occs. of qullulu, used with or with-out direct object, are to be separatedfrom those of gullulu used with ana, citedgullulu v., to which may be added suchfurther OB and Mari refs. as TIM 2 38:12,VAS 16 15:18, Laessoe Shemshara Tabletsp. 32:12, ARM 10 5:13, 155:12 and 17, etc. Seealso qullulu v. and discussion sub gullulu.

For LBAT 1552 r. 24 see Aaqalu; for AOB 178:43 see qdlu A.

Ad mng. 4: Larsen The Old Assyrian City-State134 n. 93.

*qalalu see 6uqallulu.

qalipu v.; 1. to peel, to skin, to peeloff, 2. to hatch, 3. II to skin, to peeloff, 4. IV to be peeled off; from OA(?),OB- on; I iqlup - iqallap, I/2 (perfect)iq-fa-la-pa (ABL 1389:11), II, IV; cf.

qalapumuqallipu, qalpu adj., qilpu, qulptu,quliptu, quliptu in §a qulipti, *qullupuadj., qulpu A and B.

zil = qa-ADla-pu Erimhu§ VI 193; [zi-il] [NUN]= [q]a-la-pu A V/3:8; BARba-"r.ra = [qa]-la-[pu]Antagal G 114; ba-ar BAR = qa-la-[pu] A I/6:167;[BAR] = qd-la-pu MSL 9 129:254 (OB Proto-Aa);[gi bar.r]a.ak = qd-[nal-a-am qu-[lul-up OBGTXI 21.

zi-il ZIL // qa-la-pu BM 62741:18 (comm. toWeidner god list, courtesy W. G. Lambert).

1. to peel, to skin, to peel off- a) topeel plants: Summa amelu geru iilik usuHU urbati ta-qal-lap ikkalma inael ifa snake has bitten a man you peelroot of urbatu reed, he eats it and willrecover AMT 92,7:7, cf. ta-qal-lap (inbroken context) Kiichler Beitr. pl. 19 iv 11;GI.ME§ li-q-lu-pu-' let them peel thereeds (for making a reed screen) CT 22217:27 (NB let.); for 8urpu V-VI 60 see mng. 4.

b) to skin an animal: Qurara ... ta-qal-lap you skin a lizard Kocher BAM216:70, cf. ibid. 469 (= AMT 99,3) 7 and r. 15;pi(!)-su-dr-ra-am u qerbi anassa .. .pi(!) -su-dr-ra-am e-he-e-pe-e a-qd-al-la-ap erri e-he-e-pe-e amarraq I take out(of the bird's body) the pisurru and theintestines, I break the pisurru and skinit, I break the intestines and crush (them)YOS 11 5 i 56ff., cited Goetze LE p. 128 n. 10.

c) to peel off- 1' metal: hurda lai-qa-al-la-pa didulina ina turre lu qubsbut[u] (see didu) MDP 4 pl. 18 No. 3:5, seeAfO 24 95; qdru §a hurdqi issu muhhi pa:s~ri ... a ina pan DN iq-ta-la-pa (PNcommitted a robbery and) peeled thegolden qdru ornament off the table whichis in front of the Itar (statue) ABL1389:11 (NA).

2' other occs.: bubu'ta ta-qil-lap youpeel the boil off Kocher BAM 35 ii 8 and 10.

2. to hatch: i~iru iq-lu-up-ma 3 giepiua bird hatched, and it had three feet Afo16 pi. 18 r. 12 (astron. diary).

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qalbu3. II to skin, to peel off - a) to skin:

tu-[qa]l-lap you skin (geckoes) KichlerBeitr. pl. 19 iv 7; [e4]egu baltu li-qel-li-pu(var. -ip) §epeki may thorn and brambleflay your feet (addressing the §amhatu)UET 6 394:26 (Gilg.), see Iraq 28 110 and Lands-berger, RA 62 126; obscure: Jumma dlittuDUB (?).ME-i uq-tal-la-pa Labat TDP202:24.

b) to peel off: kabi mali qu-lu-p[u](obscure) UET 5 590:10 (OB), see von Soden,OLZ 1975 5; uncert.: milurum qd-lu-pu(see miuru) Bab. 6 191 No. 7:13 (OA).

4. IV to be peeled off: kizma ~Smuannu i(for iq) -qal(var. -KAL) -la-pu-ma. . .muru a ina zumrija .. .kizma Sumi annfliq-qa-lip-ma just as this garlic is peeled,so may the sickness that is in my bodybe peeled off like this garlic (skin) gurpuV-VI 60 and 70, cf. sum.sar.ginx(GIM)h 6. e n. z il : kima Sumi liq-qa-lip ibid. 52 f.;liq-qal-pu kizma Simi Maqlu V 57, cf. JNES15 136:79, 140:28 (liphur lit.), Scheil Sippar No.8:2, see Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 466:9, liq-qal-pd ki 6u-mi Ugaritica 5 19:7 (courtesyW. van Soldt).

The passage i[q(?)]-lu-up pa-le-e Lam-bert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 182, see von Soden,ZA 68 68, is obscure.

For ZA 36 188:18 (= Oppenheim Glass 43:109)see napdSu A mng. 1 f.

qalbu (AHw. 894a) see qalpu s.

qili s.; (mng. unkn.); MA.*If the husband has been abroad and

Summa ana qat 5 andti uhhiranni inaraminiJu la ikkalini lu qa-a-li isbassumainnabit lu ki sar[ti] abitma itah[hira] ifhe has stayed away longer than five yearsbut was detained not of his own accord,(but) either had fled because q. seized him,or was delayed having been arrestedfalsely (he may take his wife back) KAV1 iv 105 (Ass. Code § 36).

Possibly a foreign word, with its endingnot Akkadianized.

qalituqalipu s.; (a plant); plant list.*

j a-na-me-ru : qa-li-pu, fj MIN : fi la(-) qa-[x-(x)]Uruanna I 453 f.

qAli adv.; silently, in silence; SB*;cf. qdlu A.

Assembled were the Igigi, all the Anun-naku 6aptdSunu kuttumama qa-f lis ubutheir lips were closed, they sat there insilence En. el. II 89; when they killed yourspouse Apsu iduu la tallikima qa-liStulbi you (Tiamat) did not come to hisaid, you sat (there) silently En. el. I 114;minsu demdtama qa-li6 tu-u[§-a-b]u (var.[t]u-uS-[Sab]) why do you sit there silentlylistening? Cagni Erra I 95.

qalitu s.; parched grain; MA, NA, SB (?);pl. qalidtu, qalitu; wr. syll. and SE.SA.A;cf. qala v.

SE.SA.A = qa-la-ti Practical Vocabulary Assur30; SE.SA.A = qa-li-a-[tu] Ebeling Wagenpferde 37Ko. 13a.

a) as feed for horses: i.TA.AM ina upniqa-li-a-te I.TA.AM Sea[m talappakaA4unuekkulu] you pour out for them (the horses)one-half handful each of parched barleyand (ordinary) barley and they eat EbelingWagenpferde 9 A 7, also ibid. 14, 17, 22 F r. 9,33 M+N r. 3, cf. (in broken context) qa-li-a-te tu-Sar-r[a. .] ibid. 33 0 r. 4, [qa-l]i-a-te mala su--x [. . .] ibid. 19 E r. 6 (MA).

b) in rit.: martu E.SA.A tazarru thedaughter scatters parched grain ZA 4544:29 (NA rit.), cf. kallu a qemi kallu a

E.SA.A one bowl of flour, one bowl ofparched grain ibid. 36; 3 pdSirate a §E.PAD SE.SA.A (in broken context) BBRNo. 68:15, parallel No. 67:10, cf. ibid. 11 and No.62 r. 17; note §E.SA.A.ME§ No. 66:12, ZfD.§E.SA.A flour made from parched grainNo. 68:16 (all NA).

c) other occs.: x AN§E §E.SA.A ADD960 i 17, ii 13, iii 8, 14, iv 8, 961:3, 12, r. 12;uncert.: qiui ina bit ameli ibal6i / ztqa-la-ti ina bit ameli uei (possibly a playon qilu and qdlu) CT 39 35:47 (SB Alu).

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qalitu AFor (zfD.)§E.SA.A see laptu B discussion. In Iraq

20 196 No. 45 r. 8 read possibly ina A x-la-a-te.For ZA 36 192:16 (= Oppenheim Glass § 6:60)see qal adj.

qilituA s.; pan for roasting (grain); NA*;cf. qalu v.

[u]dun. e. sa.a = kan-nu, ma-aq-lu-[u' (var.rqal-li-i-tum), qa-lu-u (var. rma-aq]-lu-tum), la-ap-tum Hh. X 367ff.

1 (?) qa-li-te URUDU (in list of copperobjects) Iraq 32 152:6; PAP 11 DUG qa-li-tetotal: eleven (plants in?) a clay pan usedfor roasting (parallel: DUG qabutu, seeqabltu A usage c) Kocher Pflanzenkunde36 iv 25, v 4 (pharm. inv.).

*qalitu B s.; woman who parches grain;OB*; pl. qdlidtu; cf. qaluhv.

x SILA E ana idz qa-li-a-tim MIN Saqd-a-tim x silas of barley as wages forthe women who parch grain, ditto (?) (forthose who parch?) qajdtu grain EdzardTell ed-Der 135 r. 8.

qallalu adj.; 1. small, little, 2.inferior quality;, NA, NB; cf. qaldlu.

of

1. small, little: meenu ki iddinu allagepeja x qal-la-la the shoes he gave meare too small for my feet GCCI 2 397:9;2 maiSdnu GAL.ME§ 2 maSldnu qal-la-lu-tu two large . . . .- s, two small .... -sEvetts Ner. 28:21; 11 KUS.TAB.BA.ME qal-la-lu-tu ana 2 GfN hummu6u kaspi elevensmall ... .-s for two and one-fifth shekelsof silver (parallel 22 KU§.TAB.BA.ME§GAL.ME§, 37 KUS.TAB.BA.ME tardinn )TCL 13 224:5 (all NB); [1-et DUG nam]-fzil-tu KAL-tu 1-et QAL-su (for qallassu < qallaltu, or qalissu < qaliltu, see Deller,Or. NS 33 95) Iraq 14 69:16, see van DrielCult of A§ur 200, cf. [...] raqqutu QAL-su [one] thin, small [. . .] ADD 1036 iv19, see Postgate Taxation 331; 1 GO ina QAL-si 9a 6arri one talent according to thesmall royal (talent) Iraq 27 16 No. 21; UD.21.KAM ina .DINGIR SAL qa-al-lal-a-tedamqdte ibadli itamar on the 21st I indeed

qallatu Asaw beautiful little girls (or: little girlsof good family) in the temple ABL 494 r. 2(all NA).

2. of inferior quality - a) said of silver(NB): [i MA.NA] [KUJ.BABBAR1 qal-la-la9a gin[ni] one-half mina of silver of in-ferior quality, with ginnu mark Nbk. 12:1,cf. 1 GIN 2-ta q atti KTU.BABBAR qal-la-<'qal>-la Moldenke 14:16; kaspa 'a 7 GIN9a magi ultu kaspi qal-lal-la-ma ki nid=daSli kaspu ana 7 GIN peci belu luSebilan=ndai since we paid the missing sevenshekels of silver from the inferior qualitysilver, (our) lord should send us up toseven shekels of white silver YOS 3 68:27;ana muhhi kaspi §a abia ilpuru kaspu qa-al-la-al Sa ana suluppi innaddin as forthe silver about which my father haswritten, the silver is of (too) poor a qualityto be given for the dates CT 22 182:6.

b) other occ.: E LU.GAL.A.BA qa-ldlAN§E.NITA ina libbidu la errab (parallel:E PN 2 . . . SIG 5) K.978:9 (NA let., courtesyS. Parpola).

Except for the NA refs. wr. QAL-su/si,cited in mng. 1, qallalu is used as pl. toqallu, cf. arraku, etc.

qallatu A s.; slave girl; OB, EA(?),Nuzi, NB; pl. qallatu; wr. syll. (withdet. LU or SAL) and SAL.GAL (BBSt. No.33 ii 13f.); cf. qalalu.

a) in OB: ana qd-al-la-tim n[nitim](in broken context) ABIM 26 r. 9, cf. anaqd-al-la-tim annztim ibid. r. 13.

b) in EA: qal-la-ti (or kallati, inbroken context) EA 1:49 (let. of Ameno-phis III).

c) in Nuzi: monthly wheat rationsana LJ.ME§ a-gi-a-re-e u ana qal-la-DUHSS 14 186:9, cf. beer rations ana qal-la-ti(beside ana esreti) ibid. 135:3; SAL qal-la-ti ilteqe u ana 11 arhg ina bitifu siruhe took my slave girl and confined herfor eleven months in his house AASOR 16No. 10:11.

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qallatu Ad) in NB - 1' in letters: SAL qal-la-ti

§a ina bit PN a ina panija paq-da-tu[alta]par dulla a attalU iba ina muhhiuinneppuS I am sending (you) the slavegirl from PN's house who has been handedover to me, let the ritual for the eclipsebe performed through her ABL 263:6, cf.andku i t&t qal-lat babbanitu ana fPN aap.

paru CT 22 202:34; dullu . . . a ina qal-lau qal-la-ta nippuS dullu a akanna dannaBIN 140:11; they say SAL qal-lat-su akannaibaMi amur bdba a SAL qal-la-ti-u uba'au (e-me-a ana muhhi ta4emme'a "his slavegirl is here," I will search for his slavegirl's record (?) and you (pl.) will hearmy report on it YOS 3 117:19 and 21; laimmar[ka] adi ahuka illaka PN umussuqal-la-ti a4 lu-ba-'-e4 (you said) "He mustnot lag behind," until your brother comesI will daily look for(?) the aforesaidslave girl (note amatka line 4) at PN's UET4 176:10; LU qal-lat-ta-a Aiti ki ta-hal-liqwhen my slave girl ran away CT 22183:5; ana belet qal-la-ti-id ul attukd (theslave girl) belongs to the owner of myslave girl (i.e., to me), (she is) not yoursibid. 224:15.

2' in leg. and econ.: sale of 'PN SALqal-lat-su PN2 maruu rabc PN3 mdrmuu tarsdinni u PN4 mdrassu Sa izib naphar 4 ame&litu AnOr 8 19:12, cf. 'PN Lt qal-lat-sumaSkanu ... i-di-e ameluttu jdnu PSBA 9179 No. 138:2, also Nbn. 803:6, Dar. 575:5, seeamTiutu mng. 2c-1'; sale of fPN SAL qal-lat-su . . . put sehi pdqirdni amat-6arrutuu mdr-banitu Sa ina muhhi PN illd PN2naSi his slave girl fPN, PN2 (the seller)guarantees that he will satisfy anyonewho claims or brings suit that fPN has thestatus of a royal slave girl or of a free-born woman Nbn. 829:3, of. (with arad-larrutu)Camb. 334:3; SAL qal-lat-a S6 she is myslave girl (I bought her for one mina ofsilver) Coll. de Clercq 2 126 C:6; fPN L1T.SALqal-lat-su Sa rittagu ana lumi Sa PN, airataVAS 5 118:2, cf. (referred to as GAME line 21)ibid. 95:5; ki anaku kakkabti u arratu ina

*qallilumuhhi ritti a fPN SAL qal-lat Sa PN2 . laamuru (see arrdtu) YOS 6 224:21; LU qal-lat halqat u mitata ina pani PN PN (whogave her as pledge) is responsible if theslave girl runs away or dies VAS 6 34:13;elat u'ilti . . . mahritu a fPN qal-lat biti §aPN2 ma4kanu abtatu in addition to anearlier promissory note for which fPN,PN2's domestic slave girl, was given as apledge PSBA 9 288:6, cf. elat 2-ta u'iletimahrdtu ... a PN GaME qal-lat-su ma=kanu qa-ab-tum Nbn. 602:8; 'PN SAL qal-lat-su ma4kanu Nbn. 479:6, cf. Nbn. 390:6;pledge of fPN qal-lat-su pi2a'itu his slave'PN, a laundress Nbn. 340:4; note: rPN LIqal-lat-su-<<Ai>>-nu YOS 6 124:6; PN hasgiven as dowry 'PN2 L qal-lat-su u PN3mdrulu a fPN2 the slave girl rPN 2 and PN3,the son of fPN 2 TCL 13 200:3, of. AnOr 818:4, Nbk. 198:3, CT 49 193:6; fPN qal-lat-suu mdreiu (sold) AnOr 8 11:3, also (wr. withdet. SAL) VAS 5 35:3, (with det. LiY) Camb. 334:3,VAS 5 56:4; 'PN SAL qal-lat fPN2 (sold)VAS 5 114:11, sale of fPN qal-lat-su SAL,ibtu fPN, his slave, an old woman Nbn.

388:3; PN LU qal-lat-su a PN, (receivingbarley) Nbn. 1006:2, cf. Nbn. 1008:2, and passimin NB and LB; note: PN's son hired by 'PN2SAL qal-lat a PN Cyr. 278:6, also (recipientof rent) Dar. 163:6; note the writing SAL.GALfPN ablamtu . . . SAL.GAL fPN2 [...] theslave girl PN, an Aramean woman, theslave girl PN2 [.. .] (beside GURU§) BBSt.No. 33 ii 13f.

See lamitdnu discussion section. Sincesyllabic writings of amtu in NB are rare,and in VAS 5 95 the woman called qallatuin line 5 is called GaME in line 21, it ispossible that the NB refs. wr. OGME citedamtu usage a-13' are to be read qallatu.

qallatu B s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*sa = [q]a-al-la-tu (var. qdl-la-tu) Izi E 338

(catch line); [sa-a] [SA] = qal-la-tum A IV/2: 18.

*qallilu (fernm. qallissu) adj.; unimportant,small; NA*; cf. qalSlu.

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qallissuabutic qal-li-su St is this an unimportant

matter? ABL 1308:4; PN qa-li-su bilanibring the small (?) PN here (I want todedicate her to the palace) ABL 12 r. 11,see Parpola LAS No. 151; see also qallalumng. 1.

Possibly Aramaic loanword, see w. vonSoden, Or. NS 37 263, 46 192.

qallissu see *qallilu.

qallii adv.; 1. frivolously, 2. slightly,easily; SB; cf. qaldlu.

1. frivolously: mu.dingir.ra.nisal.la bi.in.pa.d[a. a. ginx(GIM)] :klma a ni iliu qal-li [izkuru] like onewho swore frivolously by his god JNES 33289:12, also ibid. 278:87 (inc.); Sa imhi beluimgi ni iliMu kabti qal-liS izkur one who.... and has forgotten his lord, has fri-volously sworn a solemn oath by his godLambert BWL 38:22 (Ludlul II); a niS umi[ka]rabd qa-lig izkuruma PRT 105 r. 4; nzikakabtu qa-liS [a]zzakar JNES 33 274:24 (inc.).

2. slightly, easily: BI.RI GU4 i ata qal-li4 tukallam you expose the spleen(?) ofan ox to the fire slightly Kocher BAM 237iv 25; [. .. k]i(?) -nim ul inugga ina m[i-he-e (?) ... ki]t-ti qal-li inna8saha [iddu(?) ]the [roots (?) of] a loyal (person?) will notsway (even) in a storm, (while) [the roots]of a disloyal [.. .] will be easily uprootedRA 68 150:14; note ummdn nakri qa-al-li-iimaqqut the army of the enemy will fall,with regard to its light troops (?) (cf. qalluadj. mng. Ib) Labat Suse 6 ii 12.

qallu (qdlu, fem. qallatu) adj.; 1. light,2. of low standing, of little value, 3.small, few, young; from OB on; wr. syll.and GI GAL; cf. qalalu.

hu-ul HUL = qal-lum, gall2 Diri II 136f., [hu-ul] [$]UL = qa-al-lu Sa Voc. AA 34; [B].nu.g[al] = qal-lu = (Hitt.) mi-li-il-ku-ub Izi Bogh.A 24; gu.dugud.d[a] = qtum kabittum, Bu.k8[r]. ga = qd-tum qd-al-la-tum Nigga Bil. B191f.; li.p[i.e]l.l = fqdl-lu-d OB Lu A 337,

qalluli.numdun.pi.el.l4 = a a-ba-,u qd-al-laibid. 341; g[ii].m[A].sig = qal-la-tum Hh. IV273, cf. gi.mA.sig.ga = si-iq-tum (var. gi.mA.sigma.ziik = KAL-la-tum) Hh. IV 347.

qa-al-lu = MIN (= [Qi-z]h-rum) Explicit Malku I235; lu'dtu = qa-la-td LTBA 2 2:184.

1. light-a) objects: 1 TTG.UD.BAqa-la-tum ARM 7 253:1; 1 GIB.GIGIR qal-rlal-tum one light chariot (beside rabitu)PBS 2/2 81:3, also 63:3 (MB), GIS.GIGIR qa-al-la JEN 494:7 and 12 (Nuzi); makurra qal-la-tam riddmma 2R 60 No. 1 iii 8, see TuLp. 14; for boats see also Hh. IV 273 and347, in lex. section.

b) troops: KA-mu (= rigmu) qal-la-ti(var. -tur) KUR.[M]U iddk clash (of arms),my enemy will kill my light troops CT20 43:37, var. from CT 30 28 K.8032:9; GiRqal-la-tum [.. .] CT 30 4 K.3689+:10 (ext.),GIR ki-ir-ri (= girri) qa-al-la-ti Labat Suse6 ii 11; igtu qal-la-ti adi kabitti la uta.gappaAu will not (the enemy forces), fromlight troops to the main body, swell innumber? IM 67692:168 (tamztu, courtesyW. G. Lambert), cf. ibid. 45.

c) couriers: [tuppum ]ii a ahamdtim[LTJ.TUR(.ME )] -ka qa-al-lu-tum lilqiuma this is an urgent letter, let your

speediest couriers take it ARM 1 105:9,cf. tuppam a hamdtim ... 2 LU.TUR-kaqa-al(text al-qa)-lu-tum warkilu liak=giduu have two of your speedy couriersmake the urgent tablet reach him ARM 145:13, see Finet, BiOr 10 87, cf. also tuppdtimgindti ana GN [LjL] qa-al-lu-tum liblulunutiARM 1 93:11 and 14, of. ibid. 84:18, tuppatim.. . .uteramma L<J.TUR.ME§-ka qa-[a]l-lu-tim [ii]bil ARM 4 31:13; 2 Lf.TUR-kaqa-al-lu-tim tuppdtika lilqUma mug6tamlibbi GN lirhiounim let two of your courierstake your letters and let them movethrough GN by night ARM 1 97:16; 2 Li.ME qa-al-lu-tim ana gr ahika Supra[msma] send two couriers to your brotherARM 1 39 r. 17', also ARM 2 10 r. 4'; ERfNqa-al-la-tum lillikma . .. lighitma ARM 222:13, cf. gabam qa-al-la-[tam] ana birdtimSurib ARM 1 60:16.

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qallud) other occs.: Aumma awilum ina me

qa-al-lu-ut-ti ittanallak lu dina lu mureaqa-al-la immar if a man (in his dream)walks repeatedly in "light" water, he willexperience either an easy lawsuit or alight illness (followed by me kabtiti .. .lu dina lu murea kabta) MDP 14 p. 50 r. i 25 f.(MB dream omens), cf. 6umma ina me qal-lu-ti ittanallak (followed by m& ek-lu-ti)Dream-book 330 r. ii 39; lu immer. . . lukabs qa-al-lu-tim ... .ite'ima searcheverywhere either for adult sheep or foryoung kabsu sheep YOS 13 109:13 (OB);uncert.: A.§A.ME§ PN i A.§A.ME PN2 UA.§A.ME§ qd-al-lu SaPN3 (possibly a "Flur-name") MRS 6 112 RS 15.126:5.

2. of low standing, of little value - a)person of low standing: see Diri, Sa Voc.,OB Lu, LTBA, in lex. section; qal-lu-tumikab[bitu] the lowly will become honoredLeichty Izbu XXI 21; [qa]l-lu-ii (var. qal-le-e)liSm4rma ina rama[ni4unu l[im]utu dannuli4mema lilur emuqiu (see na dru mng.3b) Cagni Erra I 67, restored from unpub. join(courtesy W. G. Lambert); alut ha-ta-a-tumakiut qal-la-a-td on account of sinfulwomen, on account of .... women Lam-bert Love Lyrics 104 ii 19; obscure: [...]i-id-rat qal-lat marat A[nim] (Lamaitu)the daughter of Anu is (or: has) ....LKU 33:6 (Lamatu I).

b) of little value or importance: mdmitkabitti u qal-la-ti oath by an importantor an insignificant thing Surpu III 13, cf.ana kabitti u qal-la-ti lu itma JNES 15136:95.

3. small, few, young (mostly contrastedwith dannu (NA) or rabi) - a) small (ob-jects, artifacts, buildings, etc.): aridt erdannate qa-al-la-a-te large and smallbronze shields TCL 3 392, also (U.SI.ME)ibid. 359; x Sukurr er dannuti qa-al-lu-teibid. 393, (with patru) ibid. 394, (with kiuru A)ibid. 395, (with kappu) ibid. 383, x uda ere dan=nu<ti> qa-lu-ti (var. qa-al-lu-ti) ibid. 364,var. from Winckler Sar. pi. 45 K.1671+ :6, cf.

qallu1 dudu URUDU dannu... 1 MIN qa-lu(text-ku) ADD 964 r. 9; (statues of) nz&eGI§GAL.ME§-te ... itti nefe dannute ABL 452:14;5 saplu GI§GAL.ME five small dishesADD 964:7, also (kappu, beside dannute) PostgatePalace Archive 155 ii 15, 19 (all NA); 3 gizilldan[nute] 5 MIN qal-lu-t[e] Kocher BAM304:27; x MA.NA ina libbi 1 MA.NA qa-al-li x minas (of silver measured) by thesmall mina Tell Halaf 67:4, cf. Iraq 25 pl. 23BT. 115:2, see Postgate NA Leg. Docs. 65;1 (BAN) 7 SILA NINDA.ME GI§GAL.ME§KAL.ME§ akli 1 siLA-a-a x silas of smalland large loaves of bread, in loaves ofone sila each ADD 1077 i 29, vii 18, cf. x SILANINDA.ME GI§GAL.ME 2-te Sa I SiLA-a-a (correct akalu usage b-4 ) ibid. i 31, seePostgate Royal Grants No. 54; 1 AN§E NINDA.ME§ GI§GAL.ME§ ADD 1023:13, also ibid. 8f.,11, and r. 3; bztu dan-ni... bitu qdl-lu ADD756 (= ABL 457):2; bdb sukki dannu ... bdbsukki qdl-li the gate of the main sanc-tuary, the gate of the small sanctuaryADD 1014:2; bit abuste ... u tamlia qdl-la §a enahuma .. pu I rebuilt the ablsuroom and the small terrace which hadfallen into disrepair (cf. tamlia rabd line 4)AKA 144 v 2 (Asn.); 1 riksi idi abne hurdaiGI§GAL.ME§ niphi hurdai qdl-lu ina birt(see niphu B usage b) Iraq 32 156 No.25:11f., cf. [... ZA(?)].GIN GI§GAL.ME§ADD 937 r. 12; alp6e a mate anniti GIGAL.ME§ adannil the oxen of this land are verysmall ABL 241:10 (NA); mulahhinu qal-laina Ekur jdnu . . . muahhinu qal-la beleluebilunu there is no small kettle in theEkur, let my lords send us a small kettleYOS 3 191:30 and 32 (NB let.); 1-et-tum erduqal-lat §a musukkannu Dar. 530:3; 1i qal-laDar. 163:2; gu6iru rabitu qal-lu-u-tu VAS6 279:1, cf. guuru GAL-?U u qal-la ibid. 7;hutdri qal-la ... 5a itti hudri rabi BIN1 19:7; qeme irigalu qal-la u rab4 fineand coarse hirigalz flour VAS 6 114:1;3-ta simm[iltu] rabitu u qal-la-tum. ... inapan fPN VAS 4 152:13; x gur of barley kar2rabi ... x OUR KI.MIN qal-la YOS 6 12:7;suluppl Sa 6 GUR 3 BAN.AM ina suti qal-

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qallula-tum CT 22 192:9, also 7; [KI].LAM qal-lau rabi itti nile biti a PN ... la tejppuyou must not transact (any) business,small or large, with the people belongingto the household of PN GCCI 1 307:10; thedistrict ahulld qal-la 8a qereb GN Small-Region-on-the-Other-Bank which is with-in Borsippa Nbn. 356:7, cf. VAS 6 94:6, wr.ah-la-' qa-la (see ahulld usage a-3')TCL 13 218:3 (all NB).

b) few: 2 13m gbum qa-al (for con-text see adi C) ARM 6 7:12.

c) young (person, animal): andku kiqa-al-la-ku-ni rzTdne la dmur did I notsee earthquakes when I was young? ABL355 r. 16, see Parpola LAS No. 35; mare matA6dur rLJ1 [qd]l-lu Lt dan[nu] (treatymade with) the citizens of Assyria, youngand old ABL 1239+:9 (treaty), see Parpola,OLZ 1979 31; aquabat pi a qdl-li u danniI (the kettledrum) silenced everyone (lit.young and old) (with my loud noise)KAR 71 r. 15 (egalkurra rit.); LI.TUR.ME§ qal-lu-te ABL 563 r. 4; ina muhhi itinni. .. anaL GAL.ME GI§GAL.ME§ dini with regardto the builders (about whom my lordwrote): Supply (both) experienced andyoung ones ABL 253 + K.1179:5, see RA 60 61,cf. itinnu. .. u mareSunu GI§GAL.ME§ Ltalmida[ni ,unu] the builders (do thework), but their sons (i.e., the membersof the profession), the young ones, areapprentices only ibid. 13; ERfN.ME§ dams.qute iktala Lt.TUR.ME§ qa-lu-te issijaussei he held the good troops back (and)sent out young boys with me ABL 312 r. 8;in personal names: Nabi-dir-qa-li (also-qa-la, -qa-a-lu) Nabi-Is-the-Stronghold-of-the-Lowly(?) ADD 208 r. 13, App. 1 ii 38,rE 8 140:3 (NB), also Itar-dur-qa-li (also-qa-a-li) ADD 619:8, 632:6; uncert.: GNgabbiu d MA .GIGAL qa-li-di.-nu adiKAL-4i-nu all of GN, the temple of Nin-urta-the-Lesser, their young and old (cf.d[MA] (?).GAL line 48) Woolley Carchemish2 136:20, coll. Postgate Taxation 360 (all NA);AB.GUD.HI.A ... qal-lat u GAL-ti AnOr 8

qallu A10:2, cf. x AB.GUD.HI.A GAL-tum u qal-la-tum YOS 7 29:1; x enu qal-la-ti u GAL-tiGCCI 1 302:2, also, wr. qal-lat PBS 2/1227:6, en. . . rabiti u qal-lat ibid. 118:7,146:14, and passim in NB.

In NA the antonyms dannu: qallu re-place the antonyms rabu : ihru "large:small," "old : young," etc. More rarely inNB qallu replaces gihru in opposition torabi.

qallu A s.; slave; SB, NA, NB, LB; wr.syll. and (in NA) LU.GIAGAL; cf. qaldlu.

a) in NA: as regards the herbs aboutwhich the king, my lord, wrote me Lt.GI§GAL.ME§ ammute niharrup nilaqqiharamema mar §arri lissi we will give (thepotion) to those slaves to drink first, (and)only later should the crown prince drink itABL 3:11; fulmu ana ekurrdte . . . [6ulmu]ana La.GIAGAL.ME9-te [Sa] GN all is wellwith the temples, all is well with theservants of Dur-garrukin ABL 232:7; lusnammi a lillika .. . ina muhhi LU qal-li-

du-nu lil-li-ku-u-ni Iraq 17 130 No. 13:26.

b) in NB - I' in gen.: ina qdtePNLU qal-la a PN2 ana ahija ultebila I sent(grain) to my brother by PN, a slave ofPN2's YOS 3 134:12; iten LaJ qal-la §a PNittifu ana Uruk iltapar ABL 266 r. 2, cf. r. 11;i4ten La qal-la belu li puramma may thelord send me one slave CT 22 96:16; Ltqal-la a belija limurma ... lu pur(u)when I see a slave of my lord's, I willsend word ibid. 138:16; PN declared PN2LO qal-la-a Sti PN2 is my slave Dar. 53:6;ilten Lj qal-la-a u itn LO.SIPA-l-a laihliqu (I swear) that my only slave andmy only shepherd have fled YOS 3 187:14,cf. bitd u Lt qa-al-la-a jdnu ABL 852 r. 4;

Ydkin tImi akanna LO qal-la a PN napspdhi igabat. . . qal-la-6S ina bit kilu herethe governor has seized the slave be-longing to PN, the smith, his slave is inprison (now) YOS 3 165:29 and 32; ironfetters Sa PN L qal-la a PN nadi in

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qallu Awhich PN, PN2's slave, was bound ZA 4 144

No. 17:3; the dates that the lord promisedadi muhhi enna ana Lt qal-la beZu ul iddinthe lord has so far not given to the slave(i.e., the writer) CT 22 54:8, cf. suluppiana LU qal-la beZu liddin ibid. 14, cf. alsoana PN beli[ja] qal-la-ka PN2 (address)TCL 9 123:2; u'ileti a PN PN2 ... PN3 LUqal-la a PN4 beu luebila let the lord sendthe promissory notes concerning PN, PN2,and PN3, the slave of PN4 YOS 3 36:27; PNLU qal-<la> a PN2 TCL 13 173:1; mu:giptiu u ud u u LU qal-la u mimma Samala ina GN ana kaspi iddinuma his mu=siptu garment, his tools, the slave, andeverything which he sold in GN CT 22230:22.

2' sold, pledged, rented, etc.: 10 LUqal-la PN u PN2 ana Ebabbar ittadin tenslaves (along with certain objects) PN andPN2 gave to Ebabbar Nbn. 960:4; PN inahid libbilu PN2 LU qal-la-d ana 1 MA.NAkaspi . . . ana PN3 iddin Nbn. 801:3, alsoVAS 5 30:3 and passim, note (in sales con-tract) PN LU qal-la- rabi BRM 1 72:2;PN qal-la-a ana x kaspi ana PN2 addin Isold my slave PN for 35 shekels of silver toPN2 (declaration before judges) Nbn. 13:4;PN... PN2 LU qal-la-Su ana 1 MA.NA kaspi. . . iddin PN sold PN 2, his slave, for eightyshekels of silver VAS 5 149:3, also (price120 shekels) ibid. 85:2, (52 shekels) Nbn. 126:3,(forty shekels) Nbn. 892:3, (55 shekels) Nbn.336:4, (35 shekels) Ner. 23:3, (sixty shekels) YOS7 114:1, (110 shekels) Cyr. 332:12, (250 shekels)Dar. 212:4; PN and PN2 his wife PN3 LU qal-la-ti-nu ana baldt napldti'unu ana Itariddinu presented their slave PN3 to IMtar(as votive offering) for their lives YOS 717:6; PN qal-la-u ma1kanu his slave PNis pledged Moldenke 2 65:7, also, wr. LUqal-la-Si Nbn. 468:6, VAS 4 155:6, and passim,PN u PN2 LU qal-la-6i-nu malkanu Nbn.817:15, also 461:8, note: PN LO qal-la-~d... malkanitu . . ikun Bagh. Mitt. 5 225No. 17 i 40; 6 ITI.MES PN La qal-la Sa PN2naparti Sa PN3 illak for six months PN,

qallu Aa slave of PN2's, will serve as PN3's agentVAS 5 14:2; PN mandatti Sa 6 ITI.ME§ aL1j qal-li-Fi etir PN is paid compensationfor six months for his slave ibid. 14, cf.dullu Sa LO qal-la BRM 1 90:12; put PNLJ qal-la .. . PN2 u PN3 ana la halaqa naMHPN2 and PN3 bear the responsibility for theslave PN's not running away AnOr 8 73:1,cf. ibid. 13:21, and passim; note a slave owninganother slave: PN LO qal-la Sd PN2 ...PN3 La qal-la-i ... ana PN4 [iddin] PBS2/1 113:lf.

3' owning property and doing business:PN ina hud libbi4u 2-[t]a qdt[ ti] ina PN2La qal-la-i L Migiraja ana PN3 LU qal-la-4 irklu a DN ana maritu iddin PNof his own accord gave in adoption a two-thirds share of his Egyptian slave PN2 toPN3, his (other) slave, an oblate of the Ladyof Uruk YOS 6 2:4f., see San Nicolo-PetschowBabylonische Rechtsurkunden No. 5; bitu a PNLU qal-la a PN2 PN2 's slave (rented) PN'shouse BRM 1 78:1, cf. ina bit PN L qal-la§a PN2 BIN 1 166:16; bit kdri u bit qdtu§a fPN ana imu 3 SILA NINDA.HI.A anaPN2 LU qal-la a PN3 [ta] ddin 'PN has rentedout the small house in the harbor areaand the bit qdti belonging to her for threesilas of bread per day to PN2, a slave ofPN3's VAS 5 145:5; (a bronze implementsold) ana PN qal-la PN2 TuM 2-3 21:5; (afield) §a ... ina pani PN Lt qal-la aPN2 makanu iklunu which they put upas security with PN, the slave of PN2 Cyr.337:6; 1 GfN kaspu Sa PN LU qal-la Sa PN2ina muhhi PN LU qal-la Sa PN4 one shekelof silver belonging to PN, PN2's slave, ischarged against PN3, PN4' s slave Nbn. 769:2and 4, cf. Nbn. 605:2, Camb. 218:3, and passimin similar contexts, also (x dates) imitti aPN ina pan PN2 qal-la 3a PN3 VAS 6 60:3,also 7, and passim; x silver a naddnu umahdru Sa PN ina muhhi PN2 LU qal-la SaPN3 for commercial transactions, be-longing to PN, borrowed by PN2, PN3's slaveVAS 4 203:4, also (with the slave as lender) BRM1 67:2, Dar. 147:3 (borrowed by two slaves ana

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qallu Bharrdni for overland business) Nbn. 572:6f., alsoNbn. 601:3; PN... PN2 LtJ qal-la-ii ana la=mddu nuhatimmutu ... ana PN3 iddin (seenuhatimmitu) BOR 1 88b:3, cf. BOR 2 119:3;see also BOR 1 88a:2, cited iparutu mng.2b; (sale of a brewer's prebend) anaepiSdnutu ina pan PN LO qal-la a PN2

BRM 1 82:4; (orchard rented) ana PN LUqal-[la] ea PN2 ana zqipanitu VAS 5 24:3;'PN... PN2 LO qal-la-ii LO.[ Mul aki x kaspiana makanutu ... ta4kun VAS 5 9:3; fPNPN2 Lt qal-la LU.A§GAB ana idiu ... anaPN3 LU qal-la Sa PN4 ... taddin fPN rentedout her slave PN2, a leatherworker, to PN3,a slave of PN4's Dar. 457:2 and 4; wool fora garment for Aja ana PN u PN2 LU qal-li-4i nadna given to PN and his slavePN2 Nbn. 751:5; as witness: TuM 2-3 127:11,AnOr 8 44:22f., etc.; in obscure context:PN PN2 u PN3 ana PN4 Li qal-li-g1-nu kiamiqbi umma alk[amma] 6arra ittini pilahPN, PN2, and PN3 said thus to their slavePN4: Come, serve the king with us RA 2580 No. 8:3 and 9:3.

4' marked with a sign of ownership:PN LU qal-la-t4 a ritti §umeliu ana umiSa fPN2 alMatifu lafratu his slave PN, whoseleft hand is inscribed with the name of his(i.e., the owner's) wife fPN 2 VAS 5 93:3, dupl.PSBA 6 102:3, cf. YOS 7 130:3, Dar. 492:2, Nbn.666:3; note PN Lj qal-la- i Sa rittu imit=ti u ara 6umu Sa PN2 Satratu u rit[tu Su=mehi] u ana Sumu Sa PN beiliu latratuVAS 5 116:2.

c) in LB: PN fumiu Lf qal-la-a LOPar-sa-a-a ana KUR Uratu .. . . altapar Isent a Persian, a slave of mine called PN,against Armenia VAB 3 35 § 29:53, also ibid.31 § 25:44, cf. 55 § 50:86 (Dar.), for collationssee von Voigtlander Bisitun ad locc.

d) in SB: exceptionally in lit.: uS ahizki kalba galma qal-la-ki I have marriedyour servant, the black dog, to you (La-mattu) 4R 56 i 14, dupl. PBS 1/2 113 i 6.

qalluB s.; forest; EA; foreign word(?).qa-al-lu = qi-i4-tum CT 18 4 r. i 19.

qalpuhurSdnu gapu lipu§u apu qilta liSdpi u

huputa qal4-la kigari may the massivemountain produce (?) a reed-thicket, aforest, may it cause a copse, a forest ofentanglement, to appear VAS 12 193 r. 18,cf. [hurldn]u gapu lipul apu qilta huputaqa4-la ki$ari i-ta-wu-lu- ibid. r. 5 (tartamhdri).

qallfi (or gall) s.; vulva; SB*; Sum. lw.The one who stands in the street, may

they chase (her?) away gal 4 .1a.bi ur.re an.da.ab.lA (for an.da.pil.l6?) :qal-la-ii kalbu ultaqallil // nakru ittai adog defiled (?), variant: the enemy tookaway, her(?) vulva (parallel: saphissubarbaru utaqallil) SBH p. 122 No. 70:7f. anddupls. 4R 28* No. 4 r. 63, (Sum. only) CT 15 12 r. 9.

The Akk. version is probably based on aconfusion of qaldlu (Sum. pil.1a) andluqallulu (Sum. 1a).

(Sjoberg, Or. NS 39 93.)

qallulu see qullulu.

qallupu see *qullupu adj.

qalluttu s.; service; RS*; cf. qaldlu.

akum LU GN §a ina qal-[lul-ut-ti-kai[llik] u anumma itten amila ina [lib]biamilz a ardanu itti[ka] wagib leqe ina qal-lu-ut-ti-[ka] concerning the man fromGN who entered your service, see here,take into your service (instead) a manresiding among the men there with youUgaritica 5 49:5 and 8.

qalmu adj.; small; syn. list.*qallu, qa-al-mu = [qi-i]h-rum Explicit Malku I

235f.

qalpu (fem. qaliptu) adj.; peeled, scaled,threadbare, napless; MB, SB, NA, NB;wr. syll. and BAR; cf. qalpu.

[gi].ba'arbar, [gi].bar.ra, gi.bar.ra.ak.a, gi.bar.ziilzil = qal-pu, gi.bar.zil = qa-nu- ku-nin-na-tu Hh. VIII 248ff.; gi8.ma.nu.ak.a = qdl(var. qal)-pu, gi6.ma.nu.tu.ak.a

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qalpu= Sd ina qa-a-te MIN Hh. III 162 f., see MSL 9 161;[gu.PA/§u.kud.da] = qal(?)-pu-tum, [gu.nu.PA/§u.kud.da] = [la(?)] MIN Hh. XIX 316f.;tig.PA.kud.da, tug.9u.kud.da = qal-pu ibid.190f.; [gir].x.bar.ra KU6 = qal-p[u], [gir.iu.lu]h.ha KU6 = me-su-u Hh. XVIII 66f.; sA.bar.ra [KU6] = [qal-pu], bar.ra [KU 6] = [MIN]ibid. 133f.

gi bar.ra : qan~ qal-pu (addressing a reed)STT 198:11f.

qa-at-nu = MIN (= .ubdtu) qal-pu An VII 156.a) peeled (reed): see Hh. VIII, STT 198,

in lex. section; one talent qan qal-pu-tu BE 8 154:11 (NB list of ritual appurten-ances); GI.ME . . . BAR.ME§ RAcc. 152:424.

b) peeled (tree or plant): see Hh. III,in lex. section; GI§.HI.A a ina apli kuritalarrapu iarbatu kabbarta qa-li-ip-tu thewood that you burn in the lower part ofthe kiln (should be) thick, peeled poplarOppenheim Glass 32 Introduction A 10 and B 17;libbi argdni qal-pi the core of a peeledarganu conifer AMT 1,2:14 (= Kocher BAM494 i 39).

c) scaled (fish): see Hh. XVIII 66 and133f., in lex. section.

d) threadbare, napless: see Hh.XIX 190f. and An VII 156, in lex. section;1 TUG ighenabe qal-pu PBS 2/2 121:28,cf. 1 TOG KI.MIN (= ighenabe) qd-al-puibid. 124:5; 1 TUG me-e-<en> tahbdti qal-puTuM NF 5 37 HS 128:7, see Aro Kleidertexte 12,also BE 14 157:57 (all MB), cf. also nahlaptuqd-lip-tum (or qd-tan-tum), cited qatnuadj. mng. Ib; kusitu a DN qd-al-pa-atthe kusetu garment of the Lady of Larsais threadbare (send us another kustugarment) BIN 1 10:10 (NB); iten kit~ qa-al-pu ... ana mulezib qdtdte... uerratuone threadbare piece of linen to be madeinto strips to protect the sides (?) (of DN'sbed) CT 2 2:3 (NB), see Oppenheim, JCS 21250 n. 77; 4 TOG.[U+S]AG.ME§ qdl-pu-tefour threadbare (?) headdresses (parallel:GIBIL.ME§ new ones) Postgate Palace Archive155 v 14 (NA), cf. 5 TOG ma-ak-lil qdl-pu-tefive threadbare (?) maklalu garments ibid.152:3, cf. also VAT 8659, cited ibid. p. 165 adNo. 152:3.

qaltuqalpu s.; (a tool); NB*; pl. qalpetu.

imeru allam 5 -u a marri u qa-al-pu ana6umelu 6edda (see marru s. usage c-1')Nbk. 13:2 (coll. E. Sollberger); PAP 11 AN.BARmarr . .. ina libbi 5 marri lu marratuqal-pi-tum a PN ana Ebabbar iddin a totalof eleven iron spades, including fivespades or q.-spades which PN gave toEbabbar 82-7-14,925:14.

Evidently a bladed digging instrument,hence a variety of marru "spade," butwith a distinctive shape.qalqallu s.; (a grill or grate); OB(?).

nig. sa. sa = qal-qal-lum(var. -lu), ma-aq-lu-i,qa-lu-4 Hh. X 384, see MSL 9 193, cf. [...] qdl-[qdl-lu] (in same context) Hh. X E 3, in MSL 7107; udun.sa.s[a] = [ma-aq-l]u-u, udun.6e.sa.a = [MIN], al. eg 6 .re 1 = [qal-qal]-lum Nab-nitu XXIII 93ff.; [urudu] nig.sa.sa = qal-qal-lu, ma-aq-lu-u, qa-l[u-u] Hh. XI 424ffT.

20 qd-al-qd-<la(?)>-tu YOS 13 130:1.

In urudu. gizzal(GI§.KU.PI.EIR.siL) =MIN (= pi-it-qu) a URUDU.GAL.GAL.L[A]Meissner BAW 2 58:48 (= Nabnitu E 209), thereading of the Sumerogram is unknown.

qalqlu s.; (mng. uncert.); MB, SB.*ZfD.KUM BAPPIR sibe ZfD.X.[x] zer

papparhi lipi kalit alpi // immeri KocherBAM 302:2, repeated (omitting zfD. x. [x]and adding ZID.GAL.GAL after zer pap=parht) ibid. 7 (= r. 2), adding in small scriptthe notation fd qa-al-qa-lu upper edge;366 §IM qal-qal-lum N2266:1, cf. 212 §IMKI.MIN ibid. 4, EN 5 qal-qal-lum LA ibid.between lines 3 and 4, total 578 §IM qd-al-qal-lum a GI§.BA.AN 7 SILA ibid. r. 1 (MB,courtesy J. A. Brinkman).

The scribal note in Kocher BAM 302 mayrefer to the spelling out of the log. (zfD).x.[x] and is not a translation gloss tozfD. GAL.GAL.

For refs. wr. ZID.GAL.GAL.LA see samtsduB.

qaltu see qagtu.

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qalfiqal (fern. qaltu) adj.; 1. roasted,parched, 2. refined (said of silver), 3.burned; MB, SB, NB, LB; wr. syll. andBIL, BIL; cf. qalu v.

A e.al. sa.sa = [qa-lu]-u Nabnitu XXIII 96;[§E qa]-lu-u = qu-li-th Practical Vocabulary Assur20.

izi.ta(?) [(x)] : qa-le-e [x] izi T[A(?)] (aperson) with a burn mark(?) (is unfit to serve aspriest) BiOr 30 165 i 39f.

1. roasted, parched - a) plants andseeds - 1' in med.: kasi qa-lu-te tasdkyou crush roasted kas8 AMT 38,4 ii 12, wr.qa-lu-ti Kocher BAM 32:7, BfL.ME§ ibid.240:41 and 50, AMT 75,1 iii 31, BIL-ti AMT4,2:5 (= Kocher BAM 494 ii 61), CT 23 36:62, andpassim in med.; sahle kas8t qa-lu-te AMT 44,1ii 6, 98,2:8; s8ahl BIL-te kasz qa-lu-ti-maroasted cress (seeds), similarly, roastedkas8 Kocher BAM 3 i 28 f.; 8abld qa-lu-te AMT78,9:2, cf. AMT 22,2 r. 12, Kocher BAM 3 i 40,AMT 25,4:5, but sahle qa-la-a-ti baltfti AMT15,6:10, cf. 31,2 r. 6, wr. BIL-te AMT 83,1r. 20, BIL-ti AMT 100,3 r. 10, BIL-tim KocherBAM 3 iii 21 and 26, BfL.ME§ ibid. 240:44, andpassim; note §E.SA.A (= qalitu) used as log.for the pl. of qal~ adj.: sahle E.SA.A(= qaldti) la napdti roasted, unsifted cressAMT 82,2 ii 9, dupl. Kocher BAM 138 ii 12, seealso laptu B discussion; GU.GAL qa-la-a-teroasted chick peas Oefele Keilschriftmedicinpl. 2 K.9684 r. ii 8 (= Kocher BAM 431 vi 8),also Kocher BAM 237 iii 21, cf. kakkd qa-la-aSTT 96:13, note kakkd qa-lu-a ibid. 11;1AGA.SI qa-la-ti AMT 43,1 i 16, also 7,7:4;kas a G.GtR.GJUR BfL ZAG.HI-la tasdkKocher BAM 240:65.

2' as food: 100 AE abgz qa-lu-te 100 §Eu'i qa-lu-te one hundred (baskets of)

parched abu grain, one hundred (basketsof) roasted 8u'u seeds (for the royal ban-quet) Iraq 14 35: 128f.; DIRI §a nuhurtu qa-li-ti DIRI a sahl BIL-td DIRI a kasi qa-lu-ti DIRI 8a kaminu qa-lu-u ina ma kaztasallaq you cook in kas2 juice .... ofroasted nuhurtu, .... of roasted cressseeds, .... of roasted kasfi, ... . ofroasted cumin GCCI 2 394: lff., see Or. NS 18 171.

qalfb) other occs.: [s]dndi qa-li-tu ahe

tamarraq you grind separately (tersztupreparations, bi u glass, and) calcinatedcoral Oppenheim Glass 37 § 6:60; [.. .] §akasli a immeri eemtu qa-l[i-tu] a kasliimmeri tahakalma [...] you crush [the... ] of a sheep's kaslu, a roasted boneof the sheep's kaslu ibid. 55 § U 5; obscure:I SiLA (aklu) SAL.A§.GAR qa-li-[el BE 1521:12 (MB).

2. refined (said of silver): 3 MA.NAKU.BABBAR akkad x KUI.BABBAR qa-lu-Ua PN ina muhhi PN2 qa-lu-i ultu UD. 1.KAMa MN irabbi u kaspu akkadi ultu UD. 1 .KAM

<ia> MN2 ... irabbi three minas of Ak-kadian silver (and) 21i shekels of refinedsilver belonging to PN are owed by PN2,the refined (silver) bears interest from thefirst of the twelfth month, and the Ak-kadian silver bears interest from the firstof the first month (text dated the fourthof the twelfth month) Nbk. 38:2; KU.BABBAR qa-lu-u a PN ina muhhi PN2 RA25 55 No. 1:1 (Nbk.), BE 10 2:1, and passim inNB; kaspu 'a x MA.NA qa-lu-u PN ana PN2inandin VAS 4 195:4 (Dar.); 5 MA.NA kaspuqa-lu-u 5 MA.NA Sa ina 1 GIN 2 gire fiveminas of refined silver, five minas whichhave - of a shekel (of alloy) VAS 4 18:1,cf. (contrasted with kaspu peq nuhfutu aina 1 GIN bitqa) ibid. 94:10, also RA 25 64No. 20:2; x KT.BABBAR qa-lu-u istatirrdnuSa Siluku babbanutu x refined silver, instaters of Seleucus in good condition VAS15 12: 10, cf. CT 49 103:1, 105:1, x KU.BABBARqa-lu-u istatirri.ME Sa Aliksandar BRM2 4:5, kaspu 'a x GIN qa-lu-u istatirri.ME9,a Atti'ikusu babbanutu TCL 13 235:16, andpassim in NB and LB; kaspu qa-lu-u epfubabbanu issatirrdnu a Anti'ikusu CT 49137:9 and 14; note: x KT.BABBAR pe i qa-lu-t x white, refined silver Dar. 84:1,also x kaspu qa-lu-i babban2 BRM 2 44:25,kaspu qa-r lu-u] epSu babban CT 49 193:4and 11; akanna 2 PI uftatu u 2 PI suluppuana 1 GfN KU.BABBAR qa-lu-u iqabb4 theysay (that) two PI of barley and two PI

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of dates are (sold) here for (just) oneshekel of refined silver YOS 3 79:27.

3. burned: etem qd-li-i isbassu theghost of someone burned to death hasseized him (preceded by etemmu §a ina meimiutu ibassu) Labat TDP 78:76, cf. qdtetemmi §aggdSi // qa-li-ri1 STT 91:72.

qalf v.; 1. to burn (intrans.), 2. toburn, burn down, 3. to make a burntoffering, 4. to roast, 5. to refine, 6.qull to burn, 7. IV to be burned,roasted (passive to mngs. 2 and 4); OB,Bogh., EA, SB, NA; I iqlu - iqallu - qalu(NA qali) (SB also iqli - iqalli - qali),imp. qulu (quli Maqlu passim), 1/2, II, IV;wr. syll. and GIBIL, GIBIL (UJ+A§); cf.maqlz, maqlutu, muqallH, qalitu, qdlitu,qali adj., qali, qilitu, qull.

sa qa-lu-u-um Proto-Izi II 355; sa qd-lu-u-um Nigga293; piilNE = qa-[lu-u, sa.a = MIN AE.S[A.A],gibil = qi-lu-t[um] Antagal F 52ff.; bi-il NE =qd-lu-u SbII 12; bi[1], s[a(?)], gibi[1] = [qa]-lu-u Nabnitu XXIII 90ff.; [x.gibi]l = qul-l[u]-u,[x.a]k.a = MIN §d [x] ibid. 100f.; tam.tam.ma = ubbubum = qd-lu-u Studies Landsberger23:83 (Silbenvokabular A).

(you, Samag) u6. e SAL.u.eB l6.tab gi [. . .z a] .e.m e. en : kaMddpa u ka.Mdpta ta-qa-al-lu LabatSuse 2 i 33 f.

qa-mu-u = Sd-ra-pu, qa-lu-u An IX 15 f.; [...N]E = qa-lu-u RA 17 153 r. iii 11 (astrol. comm.);dLi9 (NE)-8i4 qa-lu-u i dtu ... sI // qa-lu-u, IzI /idtu gang kca lu ni ka al-£i ba-nu-u // GA-lu, SI /ba-nu-u // NE // GA-lul PBS 10/4 12 iv 8ff.

1. to burn (intrans.): §umma iMatu inanignakki ilz magal i-qal-lu 4 if fire burnsfiercely in the gods' censer CT 40 44K. 3821:2 (SB Alu).

2. to burn, burn down - a) to burnfigurines, objects, persons: alli dipdru.almdniSunu a-qal-lu (var. GIBIL) I holdthe torch, I burn figurines of them (thedemons) Maqlu I 135, var. from KAR 80 r. 20,also cited (as catch line) OECT 6 pi. 18 K.4854r. 13 + pi. 24 K.3341 r. 9; itti emmetu tasal:lahSnnuti ina gizill ta-ql-lu-Ju-nu-te yousprinkle them (the figurines) with hot bi-

qalutumen and set fire to them with a torchLKA 154 r. 17 (inc.), cf. ina i4dti t[a]-qal-lu-id-nu-ti KAR 80 r. 16; 7 ,almdni §alipi ina muhhi nappati GIBIL you burnfigurines made of tallow over a brazierKAR 90 r. 5, see TuL p. 118; (you make fourfigurines of the man) ana IGI iliJu ta-qal-lu and burn (them) in front of his(personal) god ibid. r. 7, cf. eninna a-qal-lu ,almdnikunu ina mahar ilutikunu rabitiJNES 33 280:119, also (of sorceresses)Sama ina mahrika a-qal-lu(var. -li) -Sd-nu-ti KAR 80 r. 34, var. from RA 26 41 r. 11,cf. KAR 80 r. 13, AfO 18 292:27, hzpi eMu (i.e.,[ina mahar]) ilutika rabiti a-qal-liS taqab=bima Dream-book 343:15; ina mahar ilutikarabiti ina kibriti elleti a-qal-lu(var. -li) -S -nu-ti alarrapunuti Maqlu II 70; [alam]tiddi lii lip? i4kuri ana mahar SamaJGIBIL he burns figurines of clay, dough,tallow, and wax before gama§ Or. NS 36 32r. 6; incantation to remove witchcraft aNU.ME§ qa-li-i(var. -e) by burning figu-rines KAR 80 r. 37, var. from dupl. RA 26 41r. 15; I delivered to Girra figurines ofwitches, I burn them (aSarraplindti) in amovable oven Girra qumi. .. Girra qu-likaMSdpa u kaSidpta Girra qu-mi-§i-na-a-tiGirra qu-li-li-na-a-ti Maqlu IV 136 and 138,also II 110 and 112, cf. ibid. 203, also LKA 154r. 18; note as epithet of the Fire god: anaGirra qdmi qa-li-i kdi kdSidu §a ka55dpdti(I will deliver you (i.e., figurines of you)witches) to Girra who burns, scorches,binds, (and) overcomes the sorceressesMaqlu IV 10, 70, cf. ibid. 94, 115; galmdni ...[. . .] ta-qal-li AAA 22 62 r. ii 48; 7 NU.ME§A.X.X a ilkuri teppu~ ina iz ta-qal-luSTT 243 r. 4, cf. [.. .] ta-qal-lu ema ta-qal-lu- [. . .] ibid. obv. 3'.

b) to burn other substances (in rit.):kiipzkunu aq-lu I have burned the (car-riers of the) spell you cast Maqlu V 130,cf. enima ta-qal-lu-u 3-i tamannimakukcru tuqattaru when you perform theburning ritual you recite (this incanta-tion) three times and fumigate him with

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kukru Speleers Recueil 312:4; (if a man wasfrightened by a bad dream) ana taritiqan uttalu lip ur ina ildti li-iq-li inapiJu inappahma palir let him tell hisdream to a taritu of reed, burn it in fire,if he blows (on the fire) with his ownmouth he will be released Dream-book 343r. x+19; (various royal insignia and fur-nishings) ina mahar amal [ina I]zi ta-qal-lu AfO 18 110 B 7 (rit. for substitute king),abra taqdd ... qubdt kiti ta-qal-[lu] BA10/1 106 No. 25:4, cf. ibid. 8; [m]u-Sd-di-Sdta-qal-lu you burn combings of her hairAMT 3,2:8 + 46,3 (= Kocher BAM 499) ii 2; maaakneQi ta-qal-[lu] AMT 53,1 iv 4, AMT 6,5:2(= Kocher BAM 494 iii 2), 37,10:4; [. .. ina]IzI GIa.u.GiR [t]a-qal-lu (rit. accom-panying qil~tu, q.v.) LKA20:28; nahlaptamKU§.HI.A u misarri li-iq-lu-u (see miserrumng. la) ARM 1 75:19, cf. ibid. 39.

c) to burn alive: if a naditu opens atavern or enters a tavern to (drink) beerawiltam §udti i-qal-lu-u-i they will burnthat woman to death CH § 110:44; if afterhis father dies a man lies with his motherkilalliunu i-qal-lu-u(var. omits -u)-§u-nu-ti they burn both of them to deathCH § 157:23, cf. i[Qabba] tulima i-qa-lu-li(see enu mng. 2b-1') CT 6 2 case 14 (OBliver model); LY mdhi qaqqadi4unu i dtama-qa-al-lu I will burn their accusers withfire Symb. Koschaker 113:24 (Mari); (if a mandisplays symptoms of a mental disorder)he will not recover ina iati GIBfL-4iyou burn him with fire STT 89:186 (med.);§umma ina nari UD DI GI ikul i-qal-lu-dif (in a dream) he eats a fresh reed shoot (?)in a river, they will burn him Dream-book 330:54, cf. ibid. 55; 6arru amile ana qa-li-e i-ma am luh unu a ina la anniiunuzakru KAR.ME§ the king will deliver(some) men for burning, but those menwho have been accused (of a crime) with-out being guilty will be spared ACh Sin1:17; lu etemmu Sa ina iJti qa-lu-u beit the ghost of someone who was burnedto death TuL p. 145:27; (Neriglissar) diru

qaldekallaSu u nie&u ina ildtu iq-ta-li burnedhis (the enemy king's) wall, his palace,and his people Wiseman Chron. 74:19, cf.mdhdza rabd §a GN akud balt ssunu inai4dti aq-lu Weidner Tn. 3 No. 1 iii 44; notereplacing the usual §ardpu: his eldest sonor eldest daughter issi 2 AN§E riqqe tbuteana Belatu-,eri / i-qa-[li] ADD 310 r. 10,see UF 4 144 n. 88, also beside Sarapu, wr.GIBfL ADD 436 r. 7, etc., GIBIL-U VAT8241:17, see Deller, Or. NS 34 383; Ki-in-gu-u ka-ma-an-<ni(?)> qa-la-an-ni UET7 145 r. vi 8; uncert.: ana libbi i dti ananasdki uba'ika u qd-lu they want to throwyou into the fire and they have lit it EA162:31 (let. from Egypt).

d) to burn down a city, etc.: ilumikkal DN mdtam i-qd-lu (var. i-qd-al-lu) apestilence will occur, Ningizzida willscorch the land YOS 10 48 r. 2, var. fromibid. 49:1 (OB behavior of sacrificial lamb); slam

d4ti uqur qi-lu ARM 1 39 r. 7'; mdhdziAkkadi gabbi ... [ina iAdt]i(?) iq-lu heburned down all the holy cities of Baby-lonia MVAG 21 82 r. 3 (Kedorlaomer text), cf.Weidner Tn. 4 No. 1 iv 17.

e) to destroy a stela by fire: ia ...ana me inand2 ina ildti i-qal-lu-u who-ever casts (this kudurru) into water (or)destroys it by fire BE 1/2 149 ii 12 (Marduk-ahhe-eriba), also UET 1 165 ii 16, Hinke Kudurruv 1 (Nbk. I), BBSt. No. 9 v 3 (Nabfi-mukin-apli),No. 10 ii 37 ( amag-tum-ukin), wr. i-qa-al-lu-u No. 7 ii 11, wr. i-qa-lu-u No. 8 (p. 48)Legend 2:4 (both Marduk-nadin-ahhe), wr.GIBIL-U VAS 1 37 v 29 (Eriba-Marduk); inroyal inscrs.: a . .. narija . . . ina eperiulaktamu ina i dti i-qa-lu-d ana me inadduAOB 1 64 No. 2:41 (Adn. I), cf. AKA 166 r. 16(Asn.), wr. i-qdl-lu-u AKA 106 viii 66 (Tigl. I),wr. GIBfL Borger Esarh. 99 r. 55, cf. nar. ..ina eperi la takattam ina md la tanaddi. . .ina idti la GIBfL Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur25.

3. to make a burnt offering: maqludtequ-lu-a make the burnt offerings Tell

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qaluHalaf 5:11; maqalutu aq-tu-lu ABL 361 r. 7;unqdati i-qa-lu-[u] they burn she-kidsCT 15 44:15 (= Pallis Akitu pl. 5), cf. LU akinmdti issu libbi ekalli a4'assu usseqia uniqataq-tu-lu the governor made his wife leavethe palace (and) she made a burnt sacri-fice of a she-kid ABL 473:5, cf. uniqe iq-tu-[lu] van Driel Cult of A ur 128:17 and 19;§umma rubi ti sukannina ana maqlutei-qa-lu 6umma mulkinu i2 libbi immeri i-qa-lu if he is a prince, he burns a wilddove as a burnt offering, if he is a poorman he burns the heart of a sheep BBRNo. 60 r. 30f. (all NA), cf. uniqu . .. assuhlibbala maharki aq-lu Farber IMtar und Du-muzi 57:30, cf., wr. BIL-lu ibid. 20 and 62:87;alpa 6dsu tapallaqma ... libbalu ina ereniburdSi maghati ina pan lilissi ta-qal-laRAcc. 14 ii 18.

4. to roast - a) in med.: kasi kzmaqaliti ta-qal-lu you roast kasu as (onedoes) parched barley AMT 36,1+K.7221:7(= Kocher BAM 503 iii 7), ZID.§E.BAR la-za-bi-tu ina nemsete ta-qal-lu AMT 11,2:39;§amme annuti [ina] tamgussi ta-qal-lu§amme §dunu ma-la-a qa-lu-u teleqqi youroast these plants in a small bowl, youtake whatever of those plants are roastedCT 23 45:21, (various seeds) ta-qal-luAMT 11,2:40, cf. 41,1 iv 26, 90,1 (= Kocher BAM449) r. iii 9, Kocher BAM 237 iv 24, 7 U.HI.A... ina i dti ta-qal-lu AMT 19,6:11; haabnurm ta-qal-lu AMT 74 ii 16, cf. qaqqadi~qri ta-qal-lu ibid. 17 and 22, dupl. KocherBAM 124 ii 42 f. and 49, idra §a (dbti ta-qal-lu AMT 1,2:9 (= Kocher BAM 494 i 34).

b) in rit.: ettuta §a igdri zumbi himeti. zuqaqipu ta-qal-lu you roast a spider

from a wall, a ghee-fly, (and) a scorpion(mix it with bat's blood and sprinkle thedoor with it) Or. NS 40 137:2, cf. (snakeskin,bark from trees) ibid. 6, (kurgibti eqli insect) ibid. 9(namburbi).

5. to refine: kaspu anniu ... 5a irbii la qa-li la masi this silver comes fromthe income receipts, it has not beenrefined or cleaned ABL 1194 r. 9 (NA).

qalf6. qulli (same mngs. as mng. 2): MU

RN ebur mdt RN2 i-qa-al-lu-u year whenRN burned the harvest of RN2's land StudiaMariana 52 No. 7, cf. MU RN GN igbatu ueburi[Su] i-qa-lu-u ARM 7 1:8; humma inarihiu iSdtu mimma u-qal-li if during his(Adad's) storm, fire burns up something(in the field) CT 39 4:32, cf. Summa ildtuiltu ame imqutma mimma ri-qal-lil CT40 46 r. 50 (both SB Alu), also cited as eqlu... A dad irhi . . . lu ildti mimma i-qa-al-li ABL 74 r. 5, see Parpola LAS No. 38, cf.also (against the evil portended by thefact that in the temple) zunnu u abnebirqu i[ dtu] il dlija u [lu ila ma]mmamaU-qal-lu-[u BMS 21:18, see Ebeling Hand-erhebung 100; gu-da-4u erda §a gallu tu-qa-al-la-ma you burn his .... and the bedhe lies on (and the sick man will recover)Labat Suse 11 iv 14; tdt dldniunu ina idtilu-u(var. omits -u) -qe-li AOB 1 118 iii 7(Shalm. I); §a. . . libittau inassahu dalassuu-qa(var. -qd) -al-lu whoever tears downits (the wall's) brickwork or burns its doorMDP 41 32 A:9, var. from 32 E:9, see Or. NS36 422:2 (MB Elam).

7. IV to be burned, roasted (passiveto mngs. 2 and 4) - a) to be burned:bissu u S r iadtaml li-iq-qa-li may he andhis household be burned by fire ARM 373:15; if a man divorces his wife ihnuqliiq-qal-li and strangles her, he will beburnt (to death) CT 39 46:45 (SB Alu), cf.(in broken context) [. . .].ME§-ma iq-qal-lu-u (apod.) Hunger Uruk 80:34 (ext.), [. .. ]BI iq-qal-lu K.9227:12 (omens, courtesyE. Leichty).

b) to be roasted: kima zer maghatianni ina ildti iq-qa[l-lu-u] just as thismaghatu seed is being roasted (and whichthe farmer will not sow in the field) gurpuV 130, cf. ibid. 141.

For AfO Beih. 6 (Tell Halaf) 67:4 see qallu adj.The ref. MIN (= [Qalmdn]ija ipzSuma) ina tinursiparri ik/q-lu- MIN ina ~it Samli [ik/q-lu] - MINina ereb damli ik/q-lu-u AfO 18 292:36 f. probablycontains the verb kali.

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qaluqZlu (qelu) adj.; solid (?); lex.*

ku-ur LAGAB = qa-a-lu Ea I 25b.e-pi-iq = u-u-pi // qa-a-lu, up-pu-qd = Qu-up-

p[u] Izbu Comm. V 271c-d; qe-e-el = eu-up-puIzbu Comm. 281, also [.. .] = [qe(?)]-e-el ibid.V 281.

q~lu see qallu adj.

q~li s.; pan for roasting grain; lex.*;cf. qala v.

nig.sa.sa = qa-lu-ti Hh. X 386; [urudu.nig].sa.sa = maqlh, qa-l[u-u] Hh. XI 425f.; [u]dun.Se. s a. a = kan-nu, ma-aq-lu-[u] (var. rqal-li-i-tum),qa-lu-ut (var. rma-aql-lu-tum), la-ap-tum Hh. X367 ff.

q&lu A v.; 1. to become silent, to stayquiet, to be unmindful of, 2. to heed, topay attention, to listen, 3. qitajulu tokeep silent constantly, 4. .uqulu tomake heed, to draw someone's attentionto a matter; from OB on; I iqiil- iqdl(NA iqual), pl. iqullu - qdl, imp. qil (noteqa-la En. el. V 110), I/3 (iqtanajal), III;wr. syll. and ME.ME (Lambert BWL 112:10);cf. qajalu adj., qdli4, qitajulu, qiltu, qilu.

lib, me, me.me, me.ga.gA, me.gar, nig.me.gar = qa-a-lum Nabnitu A 168-173; me-eME = qu-lu, qa-a-lu Sb II 134f.; [me] = qu-lum,qa-lum Izi E 5f.; [me].r gar 1= qa-a-lum ibid. 36.

gi-iz-za-al GI§.NI = ha-si-8u, ni-i6-mu-u, qu-u-lu,qa-a-lu, u-te-qu-u, pu-uq-qu Diri III 65ff., [mi-sa-al] oGI.NI = pu-uq-qum, ne-e6-mu-um, qd-a-lu,ha-si-su, -te-quti--um Proto-Diri 135 ff.; sa-al NI =Sa GI9.NI qa-a-lu Ea II 16, parallel A II/1 Comm.r. 11; giz-zal(text -nu) sIR-tenii.sLA = pu-u[q-qu],qa-a-[lu] A VIII/4:97f.

si = gi-i-u, si.dug 4.ga = au-har-ru-ru, sig.sig = qa-a-[lu], [...] = qu-u-l[u] Antagal III275ff.; TUMsi qa-lu-um MSL 14 117 No. 5:12 (Proto-Aa); li.ib.gur (var. [li]b.A.kr) = qa(var.ga)-a-lu,li.ib.gur.gur (var. [li]b.A. kur.kkur) =au-har-ru-ru Erimhu§ Bogh. A iii 9f.

dUTU nig.Au.il.la.mu h6.im.§i.la : amalana nil qtija qu-lam-ma §ama6, heed my prayer4R 17:53f., see OECT 6 p. 47; igi An.§Ab i.gite mu.un.ni.fb.1 : adi mati tuharrar mnam ta-qa-al-la how long will you be silent, why do youremain quiet? SBH p. 152 No. 34:9f.

AN-bu-U, Su-har(text -uh)-ru-ru, i-te-qu-u = qa-a-lum Malku IV 95ff.; ui-te-gu-u = qa-a-lum Malku

qlu AVIII 136, u-te-qui- = qa-[a-lu] ibid. 160; mur-ru-u = qa-lu[m] § a-w[a-ti] Malku IV 124.

i-te-eq-qu-i : q[a-a-l]u Lambert BWL 86 comm.to line 265 (Theodicy Comm.); qa-a-lu = sa-ka-td(comm. on Leichty Izbu IV 43, see mng. la) IzbuComm. 141; du x [x x x] x du : aq-tal : si-kir : a-mat (comm. on [aq- .. .]-bu seqar at[mika]) Lam-bert BWL 72 comm. to line 46 (Theodicy Comm.).

1. to become silent, to stay quiet, tobe unmindful of - a) in gen.: [inna] dirugharrir i-qu-ul-ma (var. i-qul-ma) (thehunter) became afraid, benumbed, (and)quiet Gilg. I ii 47, cf. ina bztilu li-qu-ulligtahrir KAR 177 r. ii 37, see also SBH,in lex. section; umma sinnitu ulidmai-qd-al if a woman gives birth and (thechild) is silent (i.e., does not utter itsfirst cry) (opposite i tanassi) Leichty IzbuIV 43, for comm. see lex. section; [ki]kiluskut kizkc lu-qul-[ma] how can I remainsilent, how can I keep quiet? Gilg. X v 20,also ii 11, iii 29; lib[kdka] aj i-qu(text -TUR)-la mia u urra let them bewail you,nor fall silent night or day Gilg. VIII i 8; adiillakam qu-li mimma awatum a margat inapizi ana mamman la uqsi until he comeskeep silent, no word of complaint ()should be addressed by you to anyoneOBT Tell Rimah 131:20; [Vumm]a la uda [lu]qa-a-a-la if he (the scholar) does notknow he should keep silent ABL 1132 r. 17,see Parpola LAS No. 65; tamhdru§ iduui-qu-[lu x]-ziq-qu in the battle at his(Ninurta's) side the .... were silent (?) CT46 38:34 and dupls. (SB Epic of Zu), see HruAkaAnzu p. 150, cf. [. .. ] li-qit-lu HUR.SAG.MU(in broken context) RA 46 92:55, also ibid.79 (OB Epic of Zu), cf. also i-qu-lu-ma uli-[. .. ] Lambert BWL 48:19 (LudlulIII); Irrai-qa-al-ma ramanu[ . . .] redAu (indifficult context) Cagni Erra IIc 9; i-qd-alel-ta(?) RA 15 175 i 18 (OB Agugaja).

b) with the implication of doing nothing- 1' in OB: we need wood and beamsbut qd-lum-ma ta-qd-al YOS 2 20:8(coll.).

2' in EA - a' in absolute use: anumma[k] ama aSbti u qa-la-ti ina [libbi dli]ja

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qalu A

la ile'e a d thus now I stay (here) doingnothing in my town, I cannot even leaveEA 81:20; [an]a m[ini] abdta [u] qa-la-tau jilqii [aldnik]a LJ.GAZ.ME§ kalbu whydo you sit (there) and keep your peacewhile the hapiru, the dogs, take awayyour cities? EA 91:4, cf. EA 83:15, ummak1ama qa-la-ta adi tilqina GN if you in thesame manner do nothing they soon willtake GN EA 104:31, cf. EA 132:47, also 77:30;ana minim qa-la-ta u la tiqbu ana larriwhy did you keep silent and not speakto the king? EA 71:11, also 73:7 (all lettersof Rib-Addi); anumma kzjam qa-la-ta adimijilmadu Sarru belija awatu annitu so youthus kept silent until the king, my lord,learned of this matter (otherwise) EA251:8; now the land of the king and GNhave sided with the hapir u qa-la-taand you have not done anything EA 76:37,cf. EA 104:26 and 109:23, cf. also u qa-alEA 84:16 (let. of Rib-Addi), cf. qa-al SarruEA 288:42 (let. of Abdi-Hepa).

b' with ana, ina, itu: ul ja-q-ul-miarru ... ana epli kalbi annd the king

should not keep silent with regard to thedeeds of that dog EA 137:25, also ibid. 94,132:44, wr. ia-qu-il EA 137:77, cf. qa-la-ta [ana epgiS]unu EA 109:13, but note laia-qu-lu Sarru belija ina GN the king, mylord, should not ignore Byblos EA 140:5,cf. la ta-qu-ul [ina Gubla] dlika EA 139:5,cf. ibid. 10; what shall I do, alone as I amatta [qa] -la-ta ana aldnika you do nothingwith regard to your cities EA 90:24;qa-al arru belija ana ardi[su] EA 88:12,qa-al ana mati4u EA 84:10; ul ta-qa-al-miana ardika EA 74:13, Summa qa-al Sarruana ali gabbi dlani mat Kinahni jdnu a[n] a§dSu EA 137:75; Summa ta-[q]i--ul anajdi EA 82:34; ammini ta-qa-al-mi anamadtika EA 74:48 (all letters of Rib-Addi); lai-qi-ul Sarru igtu dli u[dt]i EA 149:41 (let.of Abi-milki of Tyre), cf. (with igtu) EA 68:14 and31, 137:59, 138:109; sabtu kali mdtdti Sarribeija u qa-al belz iS(text tu) -tu-6u-nu EA126:57; m4n[um] qa-al belz i-<tu> jdlija

qalu A

EA 138:138; amminimi qa-la-ta i4-tu GNEA 98:3; ul ta-qa-al-mi etu ipri anniEA 76:45 (all letters of Rib-Addi), la [i]-gu-ulSarru belija [ig]tu epli anni EA 196:39.

3' in NA: ajaka g t nakru Sa iddibak=kani andku qa-la-ku-u-ni where is theenemy that attacked (?) you (while) I re-mained silent? 4R 61 ii 36 (NA oracles forEsarh.); Sarru ina muhhi lu la i-qu-al theking should not pass over this in silence(referring to the investigation of a goldtheft) ABL 429 r. 13; atd bel qa-la whydoes my lord remain silent (while I beglike a dog) ? ABL 382:4, cf. ata qa-la-a-kaABL 1263 r. 13, also Iraq 17 32 No. 5:6, attunuqa-la-ku-nu ABL 198 r. 14, at. . . atta qa-la-ka KAV 197:15, cf. atta lu qa-la-ka RNLangdon Tammuz pl. 3 r. iii 5 (oracles for Esarh.);bel piqittate qa-a-lu izzazzu la illuku themen in charge remain inactive (and) donot go ABL 1201 r. 1, see Postgate Taxation298; uncert.: unu iq-(u-lu (in brokencontext) ABL 241 r. 2 f., see Postgate Taxation266.

2. to heed, to pay attention, to listen- a) in absolute use - 1' to consider:ina panitim a4um igtu GN ana GN 2 rumsmikunu alpurakkunflim inanna a-qu-ul-ma rummukunu ana GN2 tnam ul mahirpreviously I wrote to you with regard toyour transfer from GN to GN2, now I havereconsidered (it) and your transfer to GN2is no longer acceptable ARM 1 19:6, cf.inanna a-qu-ul-[m] a ibid. 75:21; mihir tupspija Aibilamma lu-qu-ul send me an ans-wer to my letter so that I may consider(the matters) JCS 11 109 CUA 30:18, cf. ibid.13 (OB let.); inanna Sa mugSkintija bet li-qi-ul my lord should be mindful of thefact that I am poor ARM 10 89:12; Sup=patam iSdtum ikkalma u ta-ap-pa-ta-.ai-qi-ul-la if one reed catches fire, thenits fellows are on the alert (proverb) ARM10 150:11.

2' (beside dem2, lamddu) to pay atten-tion: Ea said to Saltu qi-li uznam ukni

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qalu Au$$iri qibit Seme siqrja pay attention,listen (to me), heed my order, hear mywords VAS 10 214 vi 17 (OB Agugaja); q-lam-mu(var. -ma) ana surru time qabdjapay attention for a moment, hear mywords Lambert BWL 72:26 (Theodicy); qu-la-ma (var. q[u]-la-a-ma) napharkunuamdtija limda pay attention, all of you,mark my words Cagni Erra V 5, cf. qu-lam-ma(var. -mu) Simi qabja ibid. 17, alsoI 106; a Sam qu-la(var. -lu) 6a ergetilimd §a nari qu-la-ni(var. -ma) Sa nabaliaimd amassu (you) of heaven, pay atten-tion, (you) of earth, listen, (you) of theriver, pay attention, (you) of the dry land,listen to his words Maqlu I 63 f., cf. [ia]Same qu-u-[la] a qaqqari limd pija KAR71 r. 1.

b) to heed a word, a report, a prayer -1' in letters: ana awdt sarrutim la ta-a-qa-al you must not pay attention to thewords of liars ARM 10 49 r. 10'; PN hasmade accusations about me to you andana awdtiu ta-qu-ul you have heeded hiswords ARM 2 66:8; ana awdt PN bell uli-qa-al ibid. 130:3, cf. belz ana awdtija[1]i-qi-ul ARM 10 31 r. 9', 35:9, cf. ARM 656:19; ana (emim a t[epulu] a-qu-ul-mafemum puruss[d]m ul i u I considered thereport you made, but the report does notneed a decision (from me) ARMT 13 46:7;ana awAtim a abi ilpuram mddiJ a-qi-ulu awdtum ina damqa I paid much atten-tion to the matters about which my fatherwrote to me, and these matters are fineLaessoe Shemshara Tablets p. 61 SH 874:7, cf.ana timim annim belz i-qd-al TIM 2 12:14(OB let.); ana temim annim mddi qid-u-ulStudies Landsberger 193:17 (Shemshara let.), cf.Laessoe Shemshara Tablets p. 37 SH 887:7, ARM1 67:17, ana tem tuppija annim abi li-qi-u[J Voix de l'opposition 182 A 1153:33 (Mari),ana tem fupptim ... madi li-qi-ul-maSyria 19 112:12; ana [tmia .. .. be'lmadiSli-qi-ul ARM 10 34 r. 6'; ana temija annimmddi ql-ul-ma OBT Tell Rimah 3 r. 13, anaawat temim maqti la ta-qi-ul-li ibid. 20:23,

qalu A

cf. ibid. 17; ana pz suqim ta-qi-ul-ma youhave listened to street gossip VAS 16 9:9(OB let.).

2' in lit. and omens: umma awuiumSi ana awdtija Sa ina narja a~luru i-qul-ma if that man heeds my words that Ihave written on my stela CH xlii 5, of. ibid.22 and xli 79; [i-q]d-ul-la i'tardtalin [siq]ruSa their (men's) goddesses heed her(Iitar's) words VAS 10 214 ii 12 (OB Agu-saja), cf. [ana qibitik]i gzrti DINGIR.ME§AD(text GAL).MEA-ki i-qul-lu-ma STT73:17; Marduk is your god now qibZssuqa-la En. el. V 110; qa-bu-Au e ta-qu-ulUgaritica 5 168:6; [an]a epee pfu qu-la ananiS qdteAu izizza (0 Gula and Lugalbanda)pay attention to what he (the worshipper)says, be present at his prayer Or. NS 36128:190; mdtu ana qabe arriSa i-qal thecountry will remain obedient to its kingLeichty Izbu VIII 92, cf. (the flock) ana KAre iina i-qu-ul-la CT 20 5 K.3546:21; note(elliptic?): mdtu i-qal Leichty Izbu IV 53;ana teslit arri ilu i-qul-lu the gods willpay attention to the king's prayer AChSin 35:41, cf. (in broken context), wr. [i]-qu-ul-lu ACh Supp. 30:43; ana nib qdtijaqu-la(var. -lam-ma) (Marduk), pay heedto my prayer BMS 12:48, see Iraq 31 87, alsoBMS 39:14, see Ebeling Handerhebung 128, Scholl-meyer No. 32:8, Kocher BAM 214 ii 12, KAR 92left edge ii 2, also qu-ul Afo 19 57:62 and 64,ana dinija qu-li-ma LKA 58:6; [ana d]a.jdnitikunu niS[u i]-qul-lu people payattention to your (the gods') judicial de-cision (in providing omens) STT 73:113;ana ikkilli i-qal (if) he listens to rumorsLabat TDP 156:11.

c) to give thought to a person, a god -1' in gen.: pandnu ana awzl Enunna uli-qi-ul previously he did not pay atten-tion to the ruler of E nunna ARM 4 78r. 6', note ana Sulum be'ltija mddiS a-qa-alI care very much for the well-being of mylady ARM 10 115:14; you know that themen have a heavy load of work u e[k]als

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qalu Alum mddi i-qd-al-Su-nu-i-[im] ul u-ta-Hu-Su-nu-ti therefore the palace caresvery much for them, they do not botherthem OECT 3 53:13, see Kraus, AbB 4 131;ict Ea napharkunu qu-la-ni (you stars) of

(the path of) Ea, all of you, listen to meSTT 73:94; belet mdtdti anajdai qu-li KAR144:17, see ZA 32 172:29; ana qit pja utaqqdqd-la-ni (great gods) heed my words,listen to me CT 34 9 r. 37, see RA 21 132:11;gind masdari i tardniS i-qal he is con-stantly and unceasingly attentive towardhis goddess ZA 61 52:90, cf. (in brokencontext) [... u]l i-qal ana mamma CagniErra IIc 48; [i] -qu-lu ilu ana Marduk (nameof a shrine of Babylon) Iraq 36 42:20;obscure: 9A.BI i-qu-ul-lu- CT 38 24 BM34092 r. 7 (SB Alu).

2' in personal names: A-qd-al-a-na-Marduk PBS 7 33:3, cf. VAS 7 155:41, A-qa-al-ana-Inuginak MDP 18210:25; I-qu-lam-Sama VAS 13 104 r. ii 23; Sin-i-qu-lamYOS 2 63:20, Sin-i-qu-la-am TCL 17 21:10,Sin-i-qu-la PBS 1/2 22:23, I-lU-i-qu-lamBE 6/2 33:18; Sin-ana-HI.GAR -li-qu-ulYOS 2 32:5, Qi-ul-Marduk Boyer Contribu-tion 28:19 (all OB); A-na-dA -ur4-qa-al-laKAH 1 3 r. 43 (Adn. I); A-na-I-ra-qu-ul KAV106:6 (MA); fI-na-qa-li-ia-din-epli De-cide-My-Case-out-of-Care-for-Me BE 1491a:32, cf. (obscure) fI-na-qd-li-NI- A Aro,WZJ 8 573 HS 115:7 (both MB); dBE-qa-a-lu-§E.GA VAS 6 81:7 (NB), cf. dBE-qa-a-lu-i.emme 5R 67 No. 2:52.

d) other occs.: ana dinija qu-la-nim-ma imadtija z'ma take care (pl.) of thecase against me, decree a (good) destinyfor me Or. NS 36 273:4, cf. AMT 15,3 i 10,Or. NS 34 116 K.3365:3, 4R 60 r. 21; 6arru anadini la i-qul (if) the king does not heedjustice Lambert BWL 112:1 (Fiirstenspiegel),and passim in this text, wr. ME.ME ibid. 10,cf. 6umma Sarru ana dizi i-qul KAR 394ii 21 (SB Alu catalog), also CT 40 9 Sm. 772:16,cf. earru belz? ana d~ni la urdiSu li-qu-laABL 1285: 12 (NA); din Bdbilaja imema anaqa-li turru if he hears the case of a Bab-

qalu B

ylonian (only) to quash(?) it Lambert BWL112:16.

3. qitajulu to keep silent constantly:altapil ina .abi aq-ta-<<GAM>-na-a-a-alI humbled myself among people, I alwaysheld my peace PSBA 17 138:6 (SB acrostichymn); Jumma bitu wdlib libbilu iq-ta-na-a-ral-[lu] CT 40 5:31 (SB Alu); Summa ZA(= amelu) iq-ta-na-ia-al L x [...] KUB37 210:6 (physiogn.); uncert.: magal ikkalmamagal i4atti iktanalla magal iq-ta-na-al(or to be emended to ittanajal) STT 89:193.

4. §uqulu to make heed, to draw some-one's attention to a matter: amminim anaannitim la tu-id-qi-la-an-ni why did younot draw my attention to this matter?ARM 1 109:51; now I have sent a messageto the king temam Adtu §arram §u-qi-il-ma draw the king's attention to thatreport ARM 6 55:13, cf. ARM 14 11:21, 29:16,cf. tuppam ana belija uSdbilam u beeli u-qi-i15 ARM 10 79:14, cf. ibid. 27, ARMT 1347:16; note: [. .. ] ina awatim RN ui-qi-il [...] ARM 2 24:18, also awatam anabelija kiam u?-qi-i5 ARM 14 17:5, cf. TIM 2141:17, u-ul tu-il-qi-il-ma ARM 6 56:10,bel ud-qa-a-al-ma ARM 2 77 r. 14', mansnum Mi-qa-al ARM 6 77:9.

Reiner, Studies Landsberger 247 ff.

qalu B (qidlu) v.; 1. (uncert. mng.),2. qullu (uncert. mng.); OA, OB, SB;I iqial - qil, II; cf. qilu adj.

1. (uncert. mng.): qdbi watartim ...kima aI qi-li-m> i-qi-a-al he who speaksan untrue word will .... like a prone(?)reed Belleten 14 226 r. 7 (OA Iriium).

2. qullu (uncert. mng.): (omen of Sar-gon) a. ... [...] -gi u tilldtiJu u-qa-i-laana Agade uAribu who .. . .- ed his [. . .]and his auxiliary troops (and) made(them) enter Agade King Chron. 2 37 r. 9;ge-er belija i-qa-al-lu ARM 2 25 r. 16' ispossibly to be connected with ebir ze-erbelija and ze-er mdt belija Voix de l'op-position 184f. A 1101:8 and 12, although the

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**qalfltuspelling ge-er is unexpected for zeru orza'iru.

For a proposal to interpret *qidlu as"to fall," qullu "to cause a fall," see vonSoden, Baumgartner AV 295 f.

In ArOr 18/3 426 n. 333 VAT 13484:16 readina GN ki-la a-di [...] ikalduduni, cf. kali v.mng. 5.

**qalfltu (AHw. 896a) In RMA (= Thomp-son Rep.) 89 r. 10 read maqaludt, pl. ofmaqlutu, see Parpola, OLZ 1979 31.

**qamadu (AHw. 896b) in BIN 6 232:6,Ga-am-da-num is a personal name, seenaruqqu mng. 2; RB 59 246:49 has beenemended to a im(!)-lu-u-ni, see dullumng. 1; in VAB 2 (= EA) 109:49 read da-mi-iq mu-tu a[najd]6i (courtesy W. L. Moran).

qamamu (kamdmu) v.; to dress hair;lex.*; cf. qimmatu.

suhur = qim-ma-a-t[u], suhur.mi(vars. .me,.1 ) = qa-ma-mu (var. ka-ma-mu) (followed bykezeru) Hh. II 282f.; [suhur].[mel = qa-ma-[mu] Izi II RS 119; [suh]ur.suhur = sum-mu-tu, qa-ma-a-mu, it-ku-lu, nu-ku-rum Izi D i 6ff.;ku-ud KUD = qd-ma-mu A 111/5:78.

qamhur i s.; terminal bud of the datepalm; lex.*

gi§.a(.ga) giimmar = lib-bi is-si, gi6.A(.A)di'da'lagigimmar = MIN, u-qu-ru, qa-am-hu-

ru-u Hh. III 351ff., see Landsberger Date Palmp. 3 .

For refs. wr. oGI§.A.GIIMMAR seeuquru.

*qamfi (fem. qamitu) adj.; parched; SB;cf. qami A v.

[...] 1il-mah-har-rkal qan appari abluqa-mi-ti GIi [...] the dry marsh reed,the parched [...] tree(?) turn to you(6amai) K.8051:4, cited Lambert BWL 322 adline 134.

qamf A v.; 1. to burn (trans.), 2. toconsume (enemies) by fire, to annihilate,3. to burn (said of saltpeter), 4. qumm~

qami A

to burn, 5. II/2 to be burned, 6. III tocause to burn down; OB, EA, MA, SB,NA; I iqmi - iqammi, also iqmu - iqam.mu, imp. qimi and qumu (qumi Maqlupassim), II, 11/2, III; cf. naqmutu, qameadj., qimitu.

NIza-al'MNNI = MIN (= qa-mu-u) d nab-li AntagalIII 234.

ui.dub i.96g izi i.su.s izi li ba.an.zal.e(later recension: [i]zi i.teg izi i.su.su izi.biz a 1. z al. e) : [pentu i-za] -an-nun i-Sd-tum i-ha-am-mat nab-[lum] i-qam-mu-u fiery coals rain, fireglows, flame burns Lugale II 42; nam.tar hul.gal kalam.ma izi.ginx(IM) ma 5 .[mas5 : §amdtu kima i4dtu i-qam-mu-u evil namtaru demonwho devastates the country like fire CT 17 29:1 f.;giA.tukul dBIL.GI.ginx ki.bal.a ma 5 .ma 5 (laterversion: m . a) : kakk[u §a kima] girri mat nukurtiri-qam-mu-ul the weapon that, like fire, devastatesthe hostile country Angim III 46 (= 152).

qa-a-du, qa-mu-d = §d-ra-pu, qa-mu-u = qa-lu-uAn IX 14ff.; qa-mu-u, qa(var. qi)-a-Su, qa-a-du,qi-a-du = Id-fra1-[pu] LTBA 2 2:147ff., dupl. ibid.3 iii 1ff., var. from CT 18 24 K.4219 ii 5f.

ku-u-u = qu-mu-u Id i-ia-tum, gu-u-u = um-mu-u An VIII 185f.; qu(var. qim) -um-mu-u = a-naza(var. zi) -qi-qi tur-rum(var. -ru) Malku II 281.

1. to burn (trans.) - a) in warfare:(the cities) ina girri aq-mu Rost Tigl.III p. 8:34, 30:175; GN dl Sarruti u ina girriaq-mu Winckler Sar. pl. 31:47, cf. Lie Sar.132, p. 64:7, and passim; gimir mdtilu ak6udma §allati4 amnu dldnilu appul aqqurina girri aq-mu all of his country I con-quered and counted as booty, his citiesI destroyed, devastated, (and) burneddown OIP 2 86:11, note ina girri aq-mu-uAfO 20 88:10, ina girri iq-mu-u OIP 2 76:101,(followed by naqmitu, q.v.) ibid. 40 iv 79, andpassim in Senn.; 21 dldniiunu dannuti udidni aihruti §a limetiunu alme akudalula 6allassun appul aqqur ina girri aq-mu Borger Esarh. 51 iii 53, cf. ibid. 99 r. 43,106 iv 3, and passim, also Streck Asb. 24 ii 131,46 v 58, 48 v 107, Piepkorn Asb. 50 iii 39, 52 iii55, 61; qi-mi kibrdti (U[B].ME§) Tn.-Epic"ii" 14; naphar dldnigunu ina idti (IZI.MER)aq-mu all their cities I burned down AKA46 ii 82 (Tigl. I), cf. bit Seri kultdri miazblJunu ina girri aq-mu-ma ditalli u4emithe tents, their dwelling places, I burned

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qamft Adown and turned to ashes OIP 2 27:79,cf. ibid. 58:23 and 68:11 (all Senn.), cf. A EDINkultdrdte mi~abiAunu ildtu uJdhizu iq-mu-u ina girri Streck Asb. 66 vii 122; gu iirtagliltilunu ina girri aq-mu-ma ditalliiuSemi I burned down the beams of theirroofs and reduced (them) to ashes TCL 3232, cf. 185, 273; kirdtiunu akkisma qiSdatiAunu aklit kullat gupni4unu upahhirmaina girri aq-mu I cut down their orchardsand I felled their forests, I gathered alltheir fruit trees and burned (them) TCL3 296, of. ibid. 227, 267, 276, 303, note dGI.BAR-e aq-mu Iraq 16 192 vii 70 (all Sar.);e-im suluppz a qereb kirdteunu ebuirunua qeri ummdniuldkil appul aqqur ina girri

aq-mu I gave the barley and the datesfrom their orchards, the crops from theoutlying areas, to my troops to eat, Idestroyed, devastated, and burned (thecountryside) OIP 2 54:51 (Senn.); my battle-troops entered the secret grove, saw whatwas hidden there iq-mu-u ina girri (and)burned down (the grove) Streck Asb. 54vi 69.

b) in magic and rit.: kima iumu annuiqqallapuma ana ildti innaddu Girru qa-mu-u i-qam-mu-u ... muru a ina zum=rija . . . bas kma aumi anni liqqalipmaina umi anni Girru qa-mu-u liq-mi as thisgarlic is peeled and thrown into the fireso that the fire consumes it entirely, somay the sickness that is in my body bepeeled off like this garlic (skin) and mayGirru consume (it) entirely this very daySurpu V-VI 60 and 71 and passim in this tabletof Surpu, cf. ki §a galmu a GAB.LAL inaidti i arrapuni aa tiddi ina me imahhahuni [ki h]anne ldnkunu ina girri liq-mu-uina me lutabbu just as they burn an image(made) of wax in fire and dissolve oneof clay in water, just so may they burnyour body in fire or drown (it) in waterWiseman Treaties 610; immeru <(a> ina muhhikinuni inaddi [ Gir]ru i-qa-mu-d KinguSI ki ina ildti i-qa-mu-Su the sheep thatthey place upon the brazier (and) that

qami AGirru burns, that is Kingu, as they burnhim in fire CT 15 44:9 (cultic comm.); attaGirru qa-mu- kaSSpi u kal4dpti you,Girru, who burn the sorcerer and the sor-ceress Maqlu I 110, cf. qa-mu-u lemnutiMaqlu II 142, also JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 2:11;niS Girri qa-mi-ku-nu Maqlu V 183; anan=dinkunili ana Girri qa-mi-e qdli kdsi kd=§idu §a kaS6dpdti Girru qa-mu-u litallaliddja (see qalh v. mng. 2a) Maqlu IV 9 and12; qu-mi(var. -mu) kacdpi u kaMSdptiGirru qu-mu kaSdpz u kalSdpti Girru qulika 4dpi u ka§§dpti Girru qu-mi-di-nu-tiGirru qulizunuti Maqlu II 108 ff., also IV 135 ff.,cf. I 115, II 131, 203, also (addressing Nusku) ibid.II 15; for other refs. beside qall see qalt v.mng. 2a; Girru qa-mu-u liq-mi-di-nu-tiAfO 18 293:59, cf. LKA 154 r. 11 and KAR 80 r. 22;rittakunu Girru liq-mi may Girru burnyour (the sorcerer's and sorceress') handsMaqlu III 165, cf. ibid. 85; aq-mu-ku-nu-i inakibriti elleti I burned you (figurines) withpure sulphur Maqlu V 79; usanni a inakaldtiki e'ra qa-ma-ki I stuck in the smallsof your (the figurines') backs e'ru woodthat will burn you Maqlu III 20, cf. ibid. 21,see AfO 21 74.

c) other occs.: bitu S . . . ildtu anaqerbilu imqut bita ... mimma makkur bitASur belija ina iMdti lu iq-mi(var. -me)lightning struck this temple (and) burnedthe temple (and) all the property of thetemple of A69ur, my lord AOB 1 122 iv 7(Shalm. I); gis mare bel pani a gurrunumakkiru girril ina um la zfmdti i-qa-am-me-gi (var. i-qdm-me) malku one uponwhom wealth has been bestowed, the(socially) prominent person, who ownsstacks of possessions, the king will burnin fire before his allotted time LambertBWL 74:64 (Theodicy); [.. .] lu-uq-mu-maluluma lu-qud-ma (see lduA) ibid. 144:34.

2. to consume (enemies) by fire, toannihilate - a) people: kima igdtim ezzetim a apim niiZiu li-iq-me may he (Ner-gal), like a raging fire in the marsh,destroy his people CH xliv 34; (Bel) [ina]

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qami A

ug(?)-gat-ka ta-qam-mu dannutu RAcc.130:22; Girru ... [NU]MUN-ku-nu NUMUN.NUMUN -ku-nu liq-mu may Girru extermi-nate your descendants and your progenyWiseman Treaties 525; Ju naSpirti §arritija§a kima nabli i-qam-mu-u ajdbi ime thatone heard my royal dispatch which like aflame consumes my enemy Borger Esarh.102 ii 1; zd'irija ana qa-me-e to destroymy enemies Iraq 24 94:35 (Shalm. III), cf.qa-am zajdr AOB 1 112 i 11, qa-mu-u tarsgzge ibid. 132 No. 4:5 (both Shalm. I); (Nusku)qa-mu-u lemnuti Bauer Asb. 2 38:4; Itar. .. qa-mat geri4a AfO 11 368:5; (Nabfi)qa-mu-u nakirika RT 19 61 No. 2:3 (SB lit.);§urli kullat la mdgiru i-qam-mi apis heburns all disobedient ones (down to) theroot as (fire does) a reed thicket Or. NS36 122:116 (SB hymn to Gula); GIDIM §a DNqi-ma-ni qi-ma-ni iltanassi the ghost ofEnmegarra keeps crying: Burn me! Burnme! KAR 307 r. 10 (SB rel.), cf. dGUD ...qa-mu-u 9a Ani [.. .] dBIL.GI [ . .] RAcc.146:462; Girru i-qam-me (in broken con-text, parallels igammar, itdri ana tiddi)Lambert BWL 108:7; i-qam-mu-u ina ildtu(in broken context) SBH p. 146 No. VIII 25;i4dt Ezida taq-qa-mu libbz the fire of Ezidahas burned my heart STT 65:10, cf. at-tu-' (var. at-ta) qa-mu lib-bi na-ki-ru-kauptal<la>huma VAS 12 193 r. 22 (= EA 359),var. from dupl. KAV 138:8 (ar tamhdri).

b) other occs.: apu u qi§a uahrarmaki Girri a-qa[m-mu] I will devastate cane-brake(s) and wood(s) and burn (them)like the Fire god Cagni Erra IIc 28, cf. ibid.IV 149; itu GN adi GN2 ... kima girri aq-mu from GN to GN2 I devastated (thecountry) like fire Iraq 24 94:20, also WO 116:15, 472 iv 6 (all Shalm. III); URU sbe Iunuti [i-n]a-ru (var. in-[. .. ]) i-qam-mu-i(var. -u) ilamm GI(?).KU.ME§ the citywhich kills these people, (the enemy's)weapons (?) will burn down (and) besiegeAnSt 5 106:133b (Cuthean Legend); whoeverina igdti i-qam-mu- destroys (this stela)with fire VAS 1 No. 36 iv 21, also, wr. i-qa-

qamf B

mu-u RA 66 164:33, 173:66, wr. iq-ta-muZA 65 56:45 (all kudurrus).

3. to burn (said of saltpeter): libnassuidrdnu iq-mu-u ditalli4 (see ditallu) RA22 59 ii 3 (Nbn.).

4. qummuto burn: li-qa-am-me Surriumay (Nusku) burn his roots Hinke Kudurruiv 27; farba u seta [q]u-um-mu-u panukayour countenance is marked by cold andexposure Gilg. X iii 6, 13, v 4, CT 46 30 i 44(Gilg. X), also Thompson Gilg. pl. 42 Sp. 299:12;UII.ME -Ui i-qam-ma (in broken con-

text) Lie Sar. p. 38:4 (coll.).

5. 11/2 to be burned: ina da[ndnerija] ti uq-fam-mu-u ISerru (in the moun-tain where) his body is frostbitten by thesevere cold TCL 3 +AfO 12 145:102 (Sar.);(a calf) ana zaqzqi an-x-i uq-tam-ma (indifficult context) ZA 42 81 iv 7, see Borger,BiOr 28 12 iv 13, and see Malku II 281, inlex. section.

6. III to cause to burn down: girru ul-taq-mu (parallel: ultdkil igdtu) (Cyrus)had (the sanctuaries) burned down BHTpl. 10 vi 23 (Nbn. Verse Account).

While "fire" is normally expressed byiSatu when the verbs used are lardpu orqalu, when the verb is qamc (especiallyin royal inscriptions) it is expressed bygirru, first in Tigl. III and then often inSar., Senn., Esarh., and Asb.; ina i4dtiqam is attested in Tigl. I and Shalm. I.

In Sn. (OIP 2) 140:3 read t ka-mu-u mu-tim(coll. W. G. Lambert), see kamu A v. mng. 2. InCT 41 19:11 ik-kam-mu similarly belongs to kamii,for similar refs. see kamzi A v. mng. 2.

qami B (qem) v.; to grind; SB, NB;I iqmi; cf. qemu.

HARa-raHAR = fe-e-nu, mu'UKAXKU= MIN d ZfD.DA,MIN-MIN(- mu-u-m -u) Aza-al-KAXKU MINMIN( mu-muu)KAXKU = qa-mu-u, NI

za-a -

M'NNI = MIN Id nab-li (see qam2 A) Antagal III231ff.; ma-ma KAXKU = qe4-mu-um OBOT XIII13a; ma-a KAXKU = qa-mu-ril Sb I 271; ma-muKAXKU = qe-m[u-um] MSL 2 153:13 (Proto-Ea),restored from ma-[mu] KAXKU(copy vu) = q-e-mu-u-um UET 6 369:6, see Sjoberg, Or. NS 37 239.

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qamu

kalam.ma zid.ginx(oIM) miu.mf (var. mu 7.mu 7) : sa mdtu kima qeme i-qam-mu-u(var. -i) (theevil demons) who grind the country like flour CT16 14 iv 20f., also 30 i A 5f., CT 17 36 K.9272:3,see RA 28 159, CT 42 5 r. 4f., cf. kur zid.mapeg.e.de (later recension: zid.gin, mf.mfi) :kma qeme i-qam-mu-u Lugale V 47; (the gods)kur zid.da pe 6 .pe§6 (var. pe§5.pe§5) e.ginxkin su [x] : [.. .] i-qam-mu-u kimna e-im e-i-[du]BA 10/1 98 No. 19 r. 8f., restoration and var.from K.8728 (courtesy W. G. Lambert).

a) flour: amur alpu mal qa-me x SILAqemi now, an ox to grind x silas of flourYOS 3 189:13 (NB let.); qalitu ... ina NA 4.ME§ ki i-qa-mu-i the parched grain(which they scatter over Dumuzi is used)because they grind him with stones LKA72 r. 6, see TuL p. 47:5.

b) in transferred mng.: [DN] da'i ragg... [§a ... ] KUR-Z kzma qe-mi i-qam-mu-u [. .] kima qe-mi liq-mi may DN whotramples the wicked, who grinds themountain [. . .] like flour, grind [. . .] likeflour K.3446 r. 5f. (New Year's rit. ?); see alsolex. section.

qamu s.; (mng. unkn.); OB.*

ummu alittuS re-ma-Aa izi[b .. .] qa-a-mi-a i-te-wi(?) nashura Fla(?)1 i-[. . .] themother who gave birth to him abandonedher . . . ., she(?) became (?) her . .. ,she does not(?) [.. .] attention PBS 1/12:28 (OB lit.).

For Maqlu III 20f. see qamu A v. mng. lb.

qamu v.; (mng. unkn.); NA*; I iqm.tahtmu a ukalla ununi urammi ettiqu

ussatappulu ihabbutu ana rab dajdlija aapaqqiduni laMu la ilamme'u ana belpdhitia Kalha li-qi-mu (the tribesmen) aban-

don the territory that I hold ready forthem, when they are suppressed theystart plundering, they absolutely will notobey any chief inspector whom I appoint,(so) let them .... to the governor ofCalah ABL 547 r. 9.

For ARM 10 10:15 (cf. von Soden, UF 1 198),see namaddultu.

qan uppiqan tuppi (qantuppu, qartuppu) s.; reedstylus; from OB on; pl. qan/r uppati;wr. syll. and GI uppi, GI.DUB.BA(.A); cf.qan s.

GI = qa-an [tup-pi] CT 12 29 BM 38266 ii 25(text similar to Idu); [gi.gi] .k6e.da, [gi].mahx(AL), [gi].dub.ba = MIN (= qa-an) tu[p-pi]Hh. IX 320ff.; [... qa]-an-tup-pu [...] (com-menting on GI) A III/1 Comm. A r. 7.

gil.thn.gi.dub.ba.a = MIN (= ta-k[al-ti]) qa-an tup-pi Hh. IV 35, also (with det. kuA) Hh.XI 252, in MSL 9 201; kuA.dug.gan.gi.dub.ba.a = MIN (= tuk-kan) qa-an (up-pi Hh. XI 192;ku§.dug.gan.gi.dub.ba.a =MIN(= tuk-kan) qa-an tup-pi = ta-kal-tu ad qa-an tu[p-pi] Hg. A II154, in MSL 7 149.

tfn.gam, tiun.gi = MIN (= ke-pu-u) id qa-antup-pi Nabnitu XXII 122f.; dim, [dub].dim =MIN (= e-pe-6u) Ia DUB u GI tup-pi Nabnitu E123 f.; du-ub DUB = pu-u-.u-u 6d qa-an (up-pi A111/5:8; A..sD"d, §a.gig.ba.ab.gur, dub,ba-barUD, UD. a k. a = pu-u-eu-ui d GI.DUB.BA.A Nab-nitu XXII 244ff.; [dib] = [MIN (= ba-'-i) .a a]I.DUB Antagal C 184.

GI.DUB.BA.A qa-an-tup-pu--tum Marduk DUMUki-nu ZA 6 243:37 (NB comm.).

a) in gen.: ana PN... §a Marduk uNabium GI.DUB.BA-U u ermeru (speak) toPN, whose stylus Marduk and Nabi^ directin the right way TLB 4 33:3 (OB let.); mihisGI tup-pu ul idi I do not know (how tomake) impressions with the stylus BHTpl. 8 v 10 (Nbn. Verse Account); apilu airammu ina tuppi u oI tup-pi ina maharSama u Adad utammdSuma he (thelearned expert) makes his firstborn son,whom he loves, swear by tablet and stylusbefore gamaS and Adad BBR No. 24:20, seeJCS 21 132, cf. ina tuppi u GI.DUB.BA a'ilSurpu II 112, liu GI.DUB.BA.A Craig ABRT2 21:5; ina tuppi qa-an tup-pi ipittauinandinulu (see epitu mng. 2f) BBR No.1-20:14; GI.DUB.BA a ultu libbi takkussiGI tdbi (in broken context) Gray Samalpl. 13 K.4795 r. 2, see Hunger Kolophone No. 497,cf. gi.dub.ba gi.ta sar.ra PAPS 107494:47 (Sum. colophon); umma GI.DUB.BASUM-Si if they give him a stylus (in hisdream) Dream-book 324 K.2018A:16; 3-ilina pi a qar-tup-pi ina munaqqite takarrarwith the tip of a stylus you put three drops(of the medication) into the libation bowl

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**qanajfParpola LAS No. 337:3; GI DUB.BA.A Sa GIg.GI§IMMAR [. . .] (in broken context at endof a rit.) Sm. 1424:8.

b) as emblem ofNabi, Nange, Ningeltin-anna: Nab2 bel GI up-pi Nabs, lordof the stylus BBR No. 45 vi 3, also, wr.GI.DUB.BA ABL 716:4, 717:3, cf. BHT pi. 8iv 6, bel qar-fup-pi 4R 61 ii 38 (NA oracles);gabitma qa-an-tup-pu kittu (Nabi) wieldsthe stylus of justice ZA 53 239:15 (NBhymn), cf. KAR 25 ii 6, tupSar ili dbit GI DUBKfU noSi DUB 'zmdt ill Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 3, cf. also STT 55:29, see Mayer Ge-betsbeschworungen 469:2, conflated as: tdmihle i $dbit GI tup-pi szmdte (Nabf) who holdsthe writing board, who wields the stylusfor the "tablet of destinies" Streck Asb. 364o 2, see Hunger Kolophone No. 328; Nabi ...tdmih I tup-pi ahizu §ukdmi 1R 35 No. 2:4(Adn. III); nAdAt GI.DUB.BA.A epiat nikkassi (Nane) who carries the stylus,who does the accounting Or. NS 36 118:42,cf. qa-an-tup-pu (var. GI.DUB.B[A.A]) inaqdtigu iSruka ibid. 124:145 (SB hymn to Gula);Nin-gektin-an-na SAL.DUB.[SAR(.MAH)]a DINGIR.ME§ a qa-an-tup-pa- d uqnu

santu DN, the (chief) scribe among thegods, whose stylus is made of lapis lazuliand carnelian CT 23 16 i 15, see Or. NS24 246; uncert.: [...] GUR(?).ME§ ukinnuina birkila GI DUB-pa.ME§ ina rikisqabli a Haupt Nimrodepos p. 89 Rm. 908:5,cf. [...]-' qar-(up-pa-a-ti rikis qabl4unuibid. 4, see KB 6/1 268.

c) mark in the shape of a stylus toidentify animals or slaves as belongingto the Nabfi temple: 2 ienu a marri uqa-an-tup-pu lendu two small cattlemarked with spade and stylus (marks)TCL 13 132:1 and 8, 133:11; a PN marru uqa-an-tup-pi ina muhhi rittiSu idd2 (aslave) whom PN had marked on the handwith spade and stylus (marks) BE 8 106:9;see also marru s. usage c.

See also qanduppu.

**qanlijl (AHw. 897a) see qan s. mng. 6b.

qananu

qananu v.; (with qinnu) to make a nest,to nest, to establish a homestead; OB,Mari, SB, NA; I iqnun - iqannan (in SBalso iqannun), II (gramm. only); cf. qaninu A s., qannu adj., qinnu A.

u = qa-na-nu Sd qi[n-nzi, mug.gui.gilim =MIN §d [i-n] (see kandnu) Antagal D 74 f.

mugen.dal.a.bi uru.gA guid h.em.ma.an.us (var. im.ma.an.us.sa) : i~urSunu mup=p[arSu ina dli]-ia qin-na liq-nun Angim IV 23 (=175), restoration and var. from K.9037:2f.

[u]§ // ma-Od-lu / u // qa-na-nu Sm. 683 r. 8(astrol. comm.).

tu-qa-an-na-an 5R 45 K.253 vii 41.

a) birds: igiru a alariu ruqu qin-naiq-nun the heron that lives far away madehis nest (there) OIP 2 115 viii 58, also ibid.125:47 (Senn.), cf. [hahhur]u muttapralidii-qa-an-nun qin-n[a] Lambert BWL 144:21,also hahhuru uSerreb qin-na i-qan-na-anLambert Love Lyrics 122 B 12; U i, ir amemupparu QzruS la ibda'ma ana ububkappi mdre[§u la iq-n]u-n[u] qin-namwhere not even the winged bird can passor build a nest in order to teach his youngones to spread their wings TCL 3 + AfO12 144:98 (Sar.), cf. a dEN ittilu qin-nu i-qa-an-na-[an] a d§U ittiu i- IP-pa-apkappi CT 51 93 r. 13 (SB fable); (Babylon)aar amurSdnu qin-nu qa-a[n-nu] wherethe amurdnu bird has built (its) nestLambert Love Lyrics 118 A 6; difficult: i =,grate a . . . ina birti dli i (?) qi-ni iq-tu-na-ni STT 360 r. 8, see Deller, Or. NS 34466; 6umma surdu ina ekalli qin-na iq-nunif a falcon builds a nest in the palaceCT 39 29 r. 27, also (with other birds) CT 386:177, 7:1, KAR 381 ii 6, 14, CT 51 140:5, CT41 3 Sm. 1133:6, 8:92f. (all SB Alu), also HUCA40-41 88 i 9 (OB bird omens), wr. iU.KI.SEi.GAiq-nun CT 39 23:21, 32:32f., CT 41 3 Sm.1133:12, AfO 16 pl. 11 VAT 13802:8 (all SB Alu);note without qinnu: Summa sinuntu inasippi bit ameli iq-nun CT 41 2 K.6765:8,cf. ibid. 2-7 (SB Alu); Jumma igird ina appanri .KI.si.GA AN.TA-ma (also KI.TA-ma) iq-nun AfO 16 pi. 11 VAT 13802:3f.;[A.AB.BA a]p-pa-ru i-Sir qi-nu MU§EN U§-

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qananu§u (with gloss:) [... a]p-pa-ru im-mi qin-nu ii-Qur-ri i-qa-an-nun-id the sea willbecome marsh, a bird will be able to makea nest there Sm. 683:6ff. (astrol. comm., cour-tesy F. Rochberg-Halton), for comm. see lex. sec-tion.

b) other animals: .e7abu u bl.[u] iq-nu-nu qi-in-nu fox and hyena made lairs(in broken context) Borger Esarh. 107 § 68edge 3; [4umma ziru ina] guAur qin-naiq-nun if a snake makes a nest in thebeams KAR 389b (p. 350) i 9.

c) referring to human habitations: inaGN alar qi-in-nam ta-qa-an-na-nu u bitamteppeu fib ... alrdnum ibma bit awiz'epu8 u qi-in-nam qu-nu-un settle in GNwhere you can establish a homestead andfound a (separate) family, settle there,found a family, establish a homesteadARM 1 18:23 and 29, cf. immatima nippulabzta immatima ni-qan-na-nu(?) qin-nuGilg. X vi 26, restored from CT 46 32:13'; uSirardata qin-na liq-nun Kocher BAM 574 iv 20.

In JCS 12 81:6 restore possibly [du-u]n-nu-nu.qananu see kandnu.

**qandall (AHw. 897a) see kandalu.qanduppu s.; 1. (an insect), 2. (uncert.mng.); MB(?),SB.

1. (an insect): qa-an-dup-pu margutu :il-qi-ti a-la-[ak]-tu (var. dliku) UruannaIII 212, in MSL 8/2 59.

2. (uncert. mng.): TUG lubdr qa-an-dup-pu (beside lubar kiSddi) UVB 15 40r. 9 (rit.); 1 GI§ qd-an-dup-pi (amongagricultural implements) Aro Kleidertexte35 HSS 188:8 (= TuM NF 5 76, MB?); qa-an-dup-pi JNES 33 199:8 (= Bab. 4 109) is prob-ably to be connected with kantappu, seeOppenheim, ibid. 203 n. 14.

qainu A s.; (a nest); syn. list*; cf.qananu.

qa-ni-nu (var. qa-nin), kum5du = qin-nu MalkuI 246 f.

qannu Aqaninu B s.; (part of a chariot); syn.list.*

qarnu = qa-ni-nu (among chariot parts) MalkuII 207.

Possibly a diminutive (qanninnu) ofqarnu/qannu.

qaiitu s.; (mng. unkn.); NA.*Tagmetu tugad ... tuMab ... qa-ni-

is-sa tahappi will go out, sit down (in theaktu chapel, sheep will be sacrificedbefore her), she will smash her q. ABL858:15.

qanna'u s.; envier; lex.*; cf. qeni.[. . .] = qd-na-a-u = (Hitt.) ar-§[a-na-a]t-rtall-

la-a§ envier Erimhut Bogh. A i 36.

qannu adj.; built (said of a nest); lex.*;cf. qaninu.

f.KI.Sx.GA.MUAEN.gar.ra = qi-in-nu qd-an-n[u] OBGT XVII 10; (J.KI.S+IR.GA.x = qin-nuqa-an-nu Nabnitu XXII 85, cf. [...], si.ig = [qa]-an-nu ibid. 82 f.

qannu A s.; 1. border, march, environs,2. outside, 3. (as prep. and conj.); MB,EA, MA, NA.

1. border, march, environs - a) of acountry: iten ana idi iten ana dlija a qa-an-ni mdti u[ltebi]l I have sent (both ofthem) side by side to a city of mine whichis on the country's border EA 29:178 (let. ofTuAratta); [hama u] hugdba ina qa-an-nimdtika mamma la i6i no one removedeven a (piece of) straw or a chip of woodfrom the march of your country KUB 373:9, see Weidner Tn. 40 No. 36 (let. of Tn.);be pahete a qa-ni KUR GN ABL 409:10;exceptionally in a MB let.: ana qa-an-nimdti [i nuri]damma EA 9:20 (let. of Bur-naburia).

b) of a city: ina imeuma ina qa-niURU.BAL.TIL.KI ina a4t KUR Ebih inakiSdd Idiglat ila epuima at that time Ibuilt a city on the border of Assur at thefoot of Mount Ebih on the bank of the

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qannu ATigris KAH 2 26:2 (inscr. of ramgi-ilu?); dldnidannute adi didni ana la mani issu riealdniu adi qa-na dldniu akud ... 2 Sa:lam arrutija pu. .. issen ina r dldniuanU ina qa-ni dldniu ina rig tdmti azqup

I conquered the large cities along withcountless (small) towns from the nearestto the remotest ones, I made two statuesof myself as king, one I erected in thenearest of his cities, the other in theremotest of his cities on the seacoastWO 2 40:29 and 32 (Shalm. III); naphar 7dldni a qa-an-ni GN in total seven vil-lages in the environs of Arbela Iraq 2346 ND 2728+:7, also ibid. 9; dajdlkca ana qa-an(!)-ni GN Supur send your scouts tothe environs of TuruSpa ABL 148:4, cf.PN PN2 2-u-nu qa-ni GN pan abulli [k]am=musu PN (and) PN2, the two of them areencamped outside Assur before the citygate (and together they eat and drinkwine) ABL 419:13, cf. ABL 143:9, 491:5, 1192r. 2; ina qa-an-ni GN bit ili §a ereni ep[iS]a temple of cedar was built on the out-skirts of the city of Harran ABL 923:11,cf. adi qa-an-ni URU [GN] Iraq 18 49 No.34:8; a qa-an-ni Urzuhina ABL 408 r. 31;E 1 ANNE qa-an-ni URU Sa PN a one-homer estate on the outskirts of GN TCL9 58:14, cf. ADD 91 edge 2; bztu epu.. .. inaURU GN qa-an-ni a URU GN 2 ADD 331:6,cf. URU GN qa-ni URU GN2 Johns DoomsdayBook 1 i 24, 3 ii 8, CT 53 2 r. 2ff., 2 AN§EA.A qa-ni URU kutal URU GN AJSL 42 189No. 1168:6; GIE.SAR zamri qa-ni GN JohnsDoomsday Book 3 iii 4.

c) other occs.: may the king, my lord,ask the persons Sa PN TA qa-an-ni-maurammu2anuni whom PN released fromthe district(?) ABL 1308 r. 5, see Deller, Or.NS 30 348; (five cities) fa qa-an-ni nakaribordering on the enemy ABL 556 r. 11,cf. 2 URU.§E.MES TA qa-an-ni-Su-nu ABL1008 r. 7; PN rab dldniu Sa qa-ni tahimeSa GN PN, the city overseer of the Urartianfrontier territory ABL 252:8; GI§ lammuUDU.MA.GAL ina qa-an-ni ihuli ubbulu

qannu Athey carry the almond wood and the full-grown he-goat to the edge of the roadKAR 33:14 (rit.), cf. ibid. 12; a field qa-nima4qte by the watering place ADD 391:3,392:3; ina qa-an-ni d [. . .] ABL 1264:4,note i-qa-an-ni Sm. 749:3 (courtesy S. Par-pola).

2. outside - a) ana qanni: DN anaqa-ni ittu i issuhur etarab AAAur wentoutside, returned, and entered (again)ABL 611:7; kimia arru ana qa-an-ni ittugiABL 670 r. 9, ABL 356 r. 1, ABL 594:9; inabit Sarru kammusuni 2 GI.IZI.LA issen anaimitti issen ana Sumeli luSitiqu ana qa-an-ni lugesiu they should move two torchespast the place where the king is staying,one to the right, one to the left, and (then)they should bring (them) out ABL 670r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 4.

b) other occs.: mar 6arri umd ina bdbia qa-an-ni ugd does the prince go out

by the outer gate? ABL 354 r. 2, cf. KA.GAL fa1 qa-ni (beside KA.GAL qabassite,note EDIN URU beside qab-si URU obv. 10)Iraq 4 189 r. 11; bel pdhete fa Kalhi ina qa-an-ni Postgate Palace Archive 203:7; at aqa-an-ni the doorkeeper of the outer(door) (in an enumeration of officials)PRT 44:7, also Knudtzon Gebete 109:7, wr. qa-a-ni ibid. 108:8.

3. (as prep. and conj.) - a) used aspreposition - 1' qanni: qa-[an]-ni ahgiittuini ittalkuni together they leftand went off ABL 138:16; uma PN ina muh=hini illaka ... qa-an-ni aheiS nizzaz nep=pa now PN is coming to us, we will stayclose together and do (our work) ABL118 r. 10; la uiu qa-ni mehri4unu la [il-[ta]l-ku they did not leave to go withtheir colleagues Iraq 20 193 No. 43:12; farruqa-an-ni mihrj[a] libbi luballita may theking make me happy along with my col-leagues ABL 525 r. 17.

2' ina qanni: [ina q]a-an-ni mefrzjaazzaz issahei nimmallik I will get to-gether with my colleagues, we will consult

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qannu Bwith one another ABL 1388 r. 4, see ParpolaLAS No. 184, cf. ina qa-ni mehreja dullueppa4 I do the work with my colleaguesABL 455:15; note kalbu qa-ni kalba[ni] (inbroken context) ABL 1228:10.

3' issi qanni: TA qa-ni 60 UDU.ME§ X[x UD]U(?).ME§ PN ana PN2 ril-[sa]-limittidin instead of the sixty sheep (thatwere pledged to Adad and hence notavailable) PN paid in full x sheep to PN2Tell Halaf 106:12, see Postgate NA Leg. Docs.No. 47; §umma 'PN mdri la tu-u-la-da amta[ta]laqqi e-si qa-an-ni- d ina S[ub-t]i-Sd'talakkan if PN does not give birth to sonsshe will take a slave girl and place herat her side in her dwelling (?) Iraq 1638 ND 2307:43, coll. Postgate, Or. NS 44 485.

b) used as conjunction: A.SIGs5 a abijaa ina muhhi <dul>-li paqquduni qa-an-ni

imuni ma L1 .A.BA paqid dullu ittaq ur=tammeu ihtalq[u] as soon as my father's.... -men, who had been put in chargeof the work, heard "A (new) scribehas been appointed," they left the work,abandoned their posts, and ran awayABL 885:11; I prepared the phylacteryfor epilepsy (and) put it upon him,the epilepsy left him ina qa-ni §a LU.TUR inuhuni ina muhhi DUMU.§E§-fi aPN r il-sa-ka-nu ittuaha as soon as the childhad calmed down they put (the phylac-tery) on PN's nephew (and) he calmeddown (too) ABL 1289:5, see Parpola LAS No.239, also ibid. r. 1.

qannu B (qarnu) s.; fringe, hem; fromOB on; stat. const. qaran (OB, Mari)and qanni, pl. qanndtu; wr. syll. and si.

a) in gen.: 5 harbiw qa-an-na-tu-i-na mardatu five .... (pieces of apparel),their fringes are (made of) mardatu ma-terial HSS 14 247:16, cf. ibid. 34 and 41 (Nuzi).

b) in leg. - 1' referring to seizing,tying, or cutting someone's hem as a sym-bol of that person: tamkdrum ... qd-ra-an(!) qubdtia . .. ul iabbat (see qubdtu

qannu Bmng. la-2') Waterman Bus. Doc. 74:7 (OBleg.); umma PN-ma PN2 qa-an-ni-ia iqab=tanni u uletiq u dajdnu PN2 itdalu[S] uiqtabi PN ammini qa-an-<na>-u iogabitPN said (before the judges) "PN2 has seizedme by my hem and forced (me) to appear(in court)," then the judges questionedPN2 saying, "Why was PN's hem seized?"SMN 3109:5 and 9 (unpub. Nuzi), cf. qa-an-na-4u Sa PN iqabat ibid. 24, qa-an-na-iutabat ibid. 32; (after PN presented hiscase against PN2 to the judges and PN2, thedefendant, pleaded not guilty, PN wasordered by the judges to take the oath)immatime PN ana ildni i-la(text -na)-ak-mi s PN2 PN iiabatmi u qd-an-na-u inaqd-an-ni-6u hesmumma ipul u ina dini PNilte'ema u dajdnu PN2 ana 1 alpi ana PNana qd-an-ni-i ittadi[l[ as soon as PNwent to take the oath, PN2 seized PN andtied his hem to his own hem (thus pleadingguilty), thus PN won the case and thejudges sentenced PN2 (to pay) one ox toPN for his hem (i.e., for having carried outthe symbolic act with the hem) JEN331:15 f. and 21; 6umma fPN ana a6uti uMabqa-an-na-Su inaklakma u i if (the widow)'PN wishes to remarry, she cuts the hemof her garment and leaves (see nakdsumng. le) HSS 19 19:54, cf. ibid. 2:62 and6:23; note Summa fPN ana aSluti uSiabqa-an-na-Su inassakma u uqei HSS 19 7:47(all from tuppi s6mti contracts from Nuzi); noteSumma ... PN alBata anita ihhaz qa-an-na-gi i-na-sak-ma u, i HSS 5 67:42, also[umm]a . . . PN allata anita ileqqe qa-an-na-Su [i-na-a]k-ki-su ina bitila [. .. ]HSS 19 51:18 (both marriage-adoptions).

2' referring to impressing the hem on atablet: qa-an-na-Su PN ana pani 6hiutiannti imtalar JEN 539:5, cf. HSS 16 452:9,WO 9 16:16, and passim in similar phrases inNuzi, see madtru; for the legal implica-tion see Koschaker, ZA 48 186.

3' referring to handing over silver to awoman as peculium: itu x kaspum tershassa ina qd-an-ni-la ra-ak-su-ma ana PN

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qannu Bemila turru after the silver of her brideprice was handed over to her (lit. tiedin her hem) and was returned to herfather-in-law PN BE 6/1 84:41, cf. ibid. 101:21,CT 8 2a r. 2 (all OB); x kaspa ina qa-an-nimdrtija artakas I have given x silver formy daughter's personal use RA 23 152No. 42:8, cf. HSS 13 263:12, HSS 19 7:26, JEN78:14, AASOR 16 55:14 (all Nuzi marriage con-tracts), see Koschaker NRUA 91 n. 7; kasapurzitu a fPN ana muluigti u ana qa-an-ni-u ana fPN irtaksumi HSS 5 80:13, cf. HSS

19 144:35; note in a lit. text: [... .KU].

BABBAR u2 Kt.GI [i-na qa]-an-ni-a [ir-t]a-ka8 RA 65 138 ii 5 (ardat lilt inc.).

4' other occs.: (the defendant declaredin court) x §E.ME §a irtiz PN ilqemi uqa-an-ni ana pani SRbuti imtalar u dajdnu6butu §a PN2 iteru u PN2 ... 5 Lt.ME§Slb~t a PN2 ana pani dajdni imtanu x§E.ME§ PN qa-an-ni-4u na-a-ti ana panmniiqtabi §E.ME§-ia ina bit PN2 ittadin u §E.

ME9 ilqemi x §E.ME Arihtu aar PN2 elqemiu apldku u PN2 qa-an-na-u ana panniimta4armi "PN received the x barley out-standing (on the loan) and impressed (his)hem in the presence of witnesses." Thenthe judges asked PN2 for the witnesses,and PN produced his five witnesses beforethe judges (and they said), "As for thex barley, PN, holding(?) his hem, declaredin our presence, 'I loaned my barley toPN2's household, but I have received mybarley, (also) the outstanding x barleyI have received from PN2, and I am paid,'and PN2 impressed his hem in our pre-sence" HSS 9 108:16, 27, and 32 (Nuzi); 6 GIN9a ina GN ultu qa-an-nu TtJG.KUR.RA-italSi 6 GfN LfJ Sa qaqqarka uSaSkibi ittalisix shekels (of silver) that you took inGN from the hem of my .... garment,six shekels the man who had your landharrowed(?) took away UET 4 120:11 (NB).

c) as symbol of attachment to kingor god: qa-ra-an qubit abija ul uwallarI will not let go of the hem of my father'sgarment RHA 35 72b:15' (Mari let.), cf. (in

qannu Bbroken context) ibid. 71:1; itu imim a qa-ra-an qubdtija ibatu matima ina mdtiiukaspam . . mimma ul alqut ever since hegave me his allegiance I have not exactedany silver (cattle, sheep, or barley) fromhis country Unger Mem. Vol. 191:25 (Shem-shara let.), cf. [iSt]u §a q[a-ra]-an subdtbelija a batu ARMT 13 148:8, see also ARM6 26 r. 8', Sem. 1 18:10, cited ,ubdtu mng. la-2';§umma qa-ra-an qubdt RN uwa4 aruma qa-ra-an qubdt Sarrim fanim igabbatu inadidni u eper it[tagq]i if he lets go of thehem of RN's garment and takes hold ofthe hem of another king's garment, heforfeits his cities and territories JCS 12126:47f., also ibid. 53 and 55, see JCS 13 96 (OBAlalakh); §a ina qa-an-ni §a DN kagir lailuad ina puhur hddnitelu he who is"tied" (safely) into the hem of the goddessUrkitu will not be shamed (?) among allthose who envy him Craig ABRT 1 6 r. 3 (NAlit.), see Streck Asb. 348; kurbi ana RN ,dbitqa-ni-ki pronounce blessings (0 IMtar)over Sargon, who holds the hem of yourgarment Craig ABRT 1 54 (= BA 5 628) iv 18;,abtdkuma kic tiri ina qa-an(var. omits-an)-ni-ka I am attached to your hemlike a courtier (I run after you like apuppy) BMS 18:9, var. from KAR 347:9, seeEbeling Handerhebung 92; sdbit qa-ni-ki usap.pi ilutiki I who hold the hem of yourgarment implore your divine majesty KAR98:6, also ZA 5 80 r. 17 (hymn of Asn. I); abatqd-an-na-ka-ma uk l sisitaka Mayer Ge-betsbeschworungen 528 K.3434:13'; uncert.:mdmit Sama tu-ki (!)-ia-al qa-an-ni theoath of gama§ holds (me by) my hemTn.-Epic "iv" 29.

d) in magic use: ana muhhi kapa4igipta tamannu ina qa-ni-ka tarakkas yourecite the incantation over the kapd4ushell, tie it into your hem (and the kingwill be friendly to you) KAR 238 r. 6, cf.Biggs $aziga 51 AMT 62,3:6; ina SI qubdtikatarakkas Kocher BAM 318 iv 11, 316 iv 22;ittimdli ussaSmeSu agdadad ina qa-an-ni-Si artakas yesterday I let him (the sub-

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qannu Cstitute king) hear (the signs?), I cut off(the [. .. ]), (and) I bound (it) in his hem(in difficult context) ABL 676 r. 8, see Par-pola LAS No. 26.

Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 147 ff. Ad usage b:Petschow, RLA 3 318ff.; E. Cassin, RA 63 138ff.;B. Ismail and M. Miller, WO 9 20 f. with previous lit.

qannu C s.; cattle pen; SB, NB; cf.qannu C in rab qannate.

ultu qa-an-na muluh innaMu take(oxen) from the cattle pen (and) give(them) to him BIN 1 68:26 (NB let.); inaqa-an-ni buli at the cattle pen (in brokencontext) Lambert BWL 196 VAT 10349:7(fable).

qannu C in rab qannate s.; overseer ofthe cattle pens; NB; cf. qannu C.

PN L[O GA]L qa-an-na-a-ta Nbk. 116:14,cf. Lfj.GAL qa-na-a-tu Nbk. 421:4, YOS 17320: 1, wr. L§.GAL qa-na-<a-te> BIN 161:16.

qannu see kannu and qarnu.

qannunu see qunnunu.

qantuppu see qan tuppi.

qanfl (qanu'u) s.; 1. reed, 2. (a fra-grant reed), 3. arrow, 4. tube, pipe,5. measuring rod, 6. (a measure oflength), 7. plot of land; from OA, OBon; pl. qan and qandtu; wr. syll. andGI; cf. qan tuppi, qani in a muhhi qandte, uzun qane.

[gi-i] GI = [qa]-nu-u Sb I 284; gi = qa-nu-uHh. VIII 1, also Hh. VII B catch line; ba-ar BAR =qd-nu-u A I/6:237; [a.ba.b]a = qd-nu---um(var. GI§.GI gi-ba-al-lu) = GI SA.DUB.B[A] StudiesLandsberger 23:45 (Silbenvokabular A).

gi.dug.ga = GI (a-a-bu Hg. VIII 5; gi.nfg.gal.gal = qd-nu- kab-ba-ru Hh. VIII 82; gi.[gibil] = GI e-Su, gi.sun = GI la-bi-ru Hh. VIII223b-c; gi. A.d. a = qa-nu-i lin-na-nu (var. Sali-i[n-ni]) ibid. 150; gi.dub.ba.an = qa-an tup-pa-ni(var. -nu) Hh. IX 311; gi.dup.pa.an = qa-an tup-pa-ni = MIN (= qa-an) flSd-la-l[i] Hg. A II12, in MSL 7 67; gi.NUN.ME.TAG - qa-an Jip-ri,

qandgi. ul.hi = MIN §d-la-li Hh. VIII 2f., for othertypes of reeds see Hh. IX 312ff., and passim inHh. VIII, also Hh. IX 184-186, 210f., and Hg. AII 3ff., in MSL 7 67ff. and MSL 9 185f.

gi.6r.gi = iS-di qa-ni-e, gi. A.gi = lib-bi MIN,gi.pa.gi = dr-tum MIN, gi.bar.gi = qu-lip-tumMIN, gi.gilim = ap-pi qa-ni-e Hh. VIII 153ff.,for other parts of the reed see ibid. 161 ff.

gi. A.ti r = am-mu Id qa-ni-e Hh. VIII 30, inMSL 9 174; i.ba = GI E.DUB.BA Studies Lands-berger 23:42 (Silbenvokabular A); [i]. gi. du g. ga= MIN (= §a-am-n[u]) qa-ni ta-a-b[u] Hh. XXIV 30.

gi nu. gi nu .dim : qa-nu-u ul agi isi ulbani reeds had not sprouted, trees were not (yet)created CT 13 35:2, cf. gi.sun gi.henbur(§E.KAK) sug giA.gi gig.tir.BU.GA ba.dim : ulluditta appari qa-na-a u qi4u ibtani (see apparu lex.section) ibid. 37:25; gi.dili.ginx(GIM) mu.un.sig.sig.ge : kima qa-ni-e edi u-Sip-pa-ni (see edulex. section) 4R 19 No. 3:45f., cf. SBH p. 9 No.4:121f., BA 5 635 No. 6:21f., gi.en.bar nir.gida. da : kima qa-ni-e ina idipti OECT 6 pl. 20K.4812:9f.; ni.nu.te.na dingir.ra.na gi.ginxi n. Aas5. a 5 : la pdlih ililu kima qa-ni-e uhtasig(see ha4d u lex. section) CT 17 19:5f., cf. [ina. .]-i lu-bat dKUR.GI7.GIM.§A5. A5sl 3a [Id Ladd ki-m]a GI-ni-e u-ha-a-$u [. . .] li-ha-$i-su OI-ni-fTin the [...], the chapel of the god KUR.G17.GIM.§A5.§A 5, (whose name means in Akk.:) where theybreak the mountain like a reed, let them alwaysbreak [your enemies] like reeds K.3446 r. (?) 9(unpub. rel. text with blessings addressed to Mar-duk on the occasion of his entering Babylon);mu.lu gil.gil al.ak.ak.eeg gi.ginxin. Aa4. ga4.a : muqtablu mu-ta-[...] kima GI-ni-e uht[as$i ]the [. . .] warrior is broken like a reed KAR 97:13;gi u,.lu.ginx mu.un.sig.sig.ga.e.ne : kmaGI-ne-e mehe ifub<bu> (see meh2 A usage d) RAcc.109:13f.; dNin.tin.ugs.ga gi.[t]a hu.mu.un.Dt : Gula ina qa-ni-e lishilSu may Gula prick it (theevil eye) with a reed STT 179:47f.; gi.kiu.ga Auu.me.ti : qa-nu-u ellu leqema take a clean reed(and measure that man) CT 17 15:20, cf. RA 70138:42f. (inc.); sipa.bi gi.fr.ra mu.ni.ib.[b ] : [re']i u ina qa-an bikiti inabbu[ b] (see bikitumng. 3c-2' 4R 11:27f.; gi.urudu.Aen.tab.basu.zi ri. a : qa-an pditi la alummatu ramu shaftof the double ax which is perfused with terrorCT 1622:298f.; gil.gi [. . .] A m gi.bi : itbalmiapu 8im qa-ni-S (see apu A lex. section) LambertBWL 242 iii 4; gi.gub.gub.ba i.bf bar.bar.re. mu : Ja ina qa-an minddti attaplauu /I uman:didu whom I looked over, variant: measured, witha measuring reed SBH p. 14 No. 6 r. 17f.; gi khgi gid.da gi gii.gi [ki.ga] gi.bar.ra gi.u.iub gi.8[n.ba]r [...] x [...] : qa-nu-u ellu qa-nu-u arku qa-an api [...] qa-nu-u qalpu ana a-da-fat-til x x [. . .] STT 198:9ff. (mj pirit.), and

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qanufpassim in this text, cf. 6n gi ku gi gid.da gigiA.gi kfi.ga (incipit of an inc.) K.8117:8; gi.dfig.ga a.ra.an.gu.ub (var. gi a.ra.an. ub) :GI.DtG.GA (var. qa-na-a) azqupku STT 197:42, seeCooper, ZA 62 73:21; kur.ra gi.min.tab.ba.ginx A§ mu.un.da.bad.du : a §add kima qa-anJun-na-a edi6 tunass8i (see nesdi v. lex. section)Studies Albright 345 r. 5.

a-lal-lu-u = MIN (= na-[an] -,a-bu) sd GI MalkuIV 144; x-du-u = ki-i$-ru a qa-ni-e (var. GI)Malku II 81, dupl. CT 51 175 ii 12; for Malku II 83see bi4bilu.

GI.GIR g '''r / a-rim-tum // qa-ni-e ... GI.TUR Izi-ri II am-mu qa-ni-e CT 41 30:9f. (Alu Comm.),cf. ibid. 31 r. 35; GI.SIG adattu / Ihi-lu §d qa-ni-eibid. 34.

[gi.bar.r]a.ak : qd-[nal-a-am q -lul-upOBGT XI ii 21.

i GI.ZO.LUM.MA : GI.MES ha-,a-qu-ti UruannaII 343; GI.ZT.LUM.MA : A§ GI.ME§ ha-,u-.u-teUruanna III 18.

1. reed - a) in gen. - 1' in econ.context: x GfN a-qd-nu-e x shekels forreeds TCL 20 176:5, also BIN 4 169:14, TCL14 14:37, 5 MA.NA qd-nu-e OIP 27 55:16,dupl., wr. qd-nu-we BIN 4 162:25; qd-nu-elupahhir u egg he should collect reeds,also wood TCL 20 97:20, cf. e-$i i qd-nu-eVAT 13532:7, GI SIG5(?) U e-qi RA 58 60Sch. 4:12, see von Soden, RA 60 151, cf. qd-nu-um (in similar context) ICK 2 86:16;qd-nu-e lizbilam let him carry the reedsto me CCT 3 48b: 18; 3 kutdni i-qd-na-imti4apkim i4tapku they stored three kutdnutextiles at the time of storing the reedContenau Trente Tablettes Cappadociennes 15:8(all OA); GI qd-nu-um mali iliam lu kasimall reeds that have grown(?) should becut CT 52 112:15 (OB let.); 40 GI.HI.A UGUPN PN2 IN.TUK PN owes PN2 forty reedsYOS 8 90:1, cf. MN GI.HI.A imannu ibid. 6,cf. x GI.HI.A... PN §U.BA.AN.TI... MNGI.HI.A imann ibid. 89:1 and 6; GI.HI.A ae=nimma liblam (see g nu usage b) VAS 16141:14, also TCL 17 68:12; x barley ana GIana Kt.DIM to a goldsmith for reedsEdzard Tell ed-Der 152:13, also 153:21, 163:8;(several thousand) GI.HI.A namhartum uBA.ZI (for a reed fence, etc.) TCL 18155:11, and passim in this text (all OB); 10 OI.HI.A liddinunim let them give me ten

qanu

(bundles? of) reeds (for making baskets)Kraus AbB 1 5:19; GI.HI.A §a libbim es~id[u] em kisrim anassah I will cut the reedsin it (the canal bed) and wherever there isan obstruction I will pull (them) out ARM3 5:49; aklum qa-ne-e sa ndr GN aal~itijaki ana belija aJapparu it is for the thirdtime that I am writing to my lord aboutthe reeds in the GN canal PBS 1/2 59:4;obscure: 1 ITI 10 umi i tu qa-na-a add?k2ci 20 GAR la mali BE 17 46:7 (both MB);GI.ME§ Sa ina nor GN ... i idi u GI.ME§eidu ... inandin he will harvest thereeds in the Takkiru canal and deliver thereeds he harvested YOS 7 172:5f., cf. GI.ME ina nar GN ul umal4ar ibid. 14, seealso hadbu A, hd5ibu; DUB.ME§ a 100 GI.ME§ Sa PN adi 20 GI.ME§ ina qdt PN2tablets concerning one hundred (bundlesof) reeds belonging to PN together withtwenty (bundles of) reeds in the hands ofPN2 CT 22 227:8 and 10, and passim (NB let.);GI.MES liqlupu let them peel the reedsibid. 217:27; iltet bilat GI.ME§ qalputu oneload of peeled reeds BE 8/1 154: 11, cf.30 bilat Sa GI.ME§ makkur gamaVAS 6 2:1;30 bil-ti GI.ME§ a ama ina muhhi PNthirty loads of reeds belonging to §a-mag, charged to PN Evetts App. 1:1, also(counted in guzullu's) BRM 1 57:1 and 5, Bagh.Mitt. 5 228 No. 17 iv 12, and see guzullu;kaspa a ana GI.ME§ addag u amahharSuI will collect from him the silver that Igave him for reeds CT 22 175:14; x silverana KI.LAM fa GI.ME§ 82-7-14,99:2, cf. 10GfN kaspu ana GI.MES ana PN nadin Nbk.297:1; food and clothing for men [ana]ze-bi-lu id GI.ME§ for carrying reeds82-7-14,1934:3 (all NB); uncert.: Summa...kabit 82se x x qd-ne-e la uz-zi-iz (seekabitu) CT 4 1:12 (OB let.).

2' in hist. and lit.: Uqn marqu uqa-ni-e api ana kidinniti [. . .] (see kidin=nutu usage d) Lie Sar. 281; mdmit GI inaappari haqSbu the "oath" (incurred by)cutting a reed in the marsh Surpu III 26,VIII 50; madmt GI ina riki aldapu urpu

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qanfiIII 69; kima GI anni natpu[ma] as thisreed is torn out Dream-book 340 K.8583:9,343 79-7-8,77 r. 9; iatu .. . . kilat GI.ME§fire consuming the reeds AfO 23 42 Sec-tion III (fire inc.); n5a ammi ndS qa-ni-ithe hay carriers, the reed carriers IM67692:189 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert).

3' in omens: Summa GI MI ina apiittanmar (see apu A usage a) CT 39 22:18,KAR 394 ii 30 (Alu Cat.), cf. Summa GI A.DIR(= adir?) if a reed is .... CT 39 9:10;umma ina hirit Cii GI ibagli if reeds ap-

pear in a city's moat CT 39 21:160, alsoibid. 11:47; [umma] ahip GI nazi if a pigcarries a reed KAR 405:1 (all SB Alu).

b) for specific uses - 1' as buildingmaterial: ina Sipik eperu GI.ME9 aksirmaI dammed (the river) by piling up earthand reeds Lie Sar. p. 48:3; §aplanu GI.ME§eldni NA 4 .ME 6adi danni itti itt aksimabelow I bonded reeds, above heavy moun-tain stones, with bitumen OIP 2 99:49,cf. GI.ME§ api u kupe ulatriga eliun ibid.105 v 89 (Senn.); 5 fGN kaspu ana GI u guiurifive shekels of silver for reeds and beamsVAS 6 315:12; qa-nu-u u guuiru ina libbiluoabbit I will put reeds and beams in it(the dividing wall) VAS 15 35:4, cf. ibid. 8;Sim libndti GI guur daldti u tibni a epeS§a biti Sa PN (x silver) is the value of thebricks, reeds, beams, doors, and straw forbuilding PN's house Nbn. 231:2, cf. dullulibitti GI guiuri ina libbi ippu Dar. 330:13,also Dar. 485:11, Nbn. 500:10, Cyr. 177:11, TuM2-3 117:12, and passim in NB house rentals, wr.qa-nu-u BRM 2 1:9; 200 guzullu a GI.MEA ... ana titurru two hundred reedbundles for a causeway Nbn. 753:14; ERIN.ME gabbi GI.ME§ u tibna ana milihfunuimahhari all the men receive reeds andstraw for their work assignments BIN 140:25, also 29; GI.ME§ a ana dullu a Emeslam [SUM].NA 82-7-14,1086:7, cf. GI maladullu . . . belz liddin YOS 3 130:10 (all NB);note [a/ina] qd-ne-e ta-bi lu binissa letits (the boat's) structure be of good reedLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 126 r. 7 (MB).

qanfi2' in rit.: 40 GI.ME a 3 KOr.AM ...

irakkaunutu (the 6elgallu) ties fortyreeds of three cubits each (with date palmbast) RAcc. 145:454; pallurta GI.MES Sagi[salli . .] 2 GI.ME§ a mal2 ina muhhiahamel taparrik [you . .. ] a cross of reedsfrom a reed fence, you place two reedswhich are full(?) crosswise one over theother Maqlu IX 60f., see AfO 21 81; bilatGI.ME§ teleqqi urigall teppul (see biltumng. lb-l1 K.6810:5 and K.8117:5, citedAurpu p. 61; GI ana iniu ihammi[S] hebreaks a reed in two Dream-book 340 K.8583:14, also ibid. 343 79-7-8,77 r. 13; see alsomdmitu lex. section, taplirtu, teliltu.

3' for arrows: 2 nubi GI.ME ana u-ku-du [...] twenty thousand reeds for[making] arrows HSS 13 100:1 (Nuzi).

4' for fuel or torches: if the king lightsa brazier for Marduk and ina GI.HI.Aillik it burns with reeds CT 40 39:43 (SBAlu); aSiku gizillzGI.ME beruti (see biruA adj.) AfO 14 142:42 (SB bit mairi); 6arruIZI.GAR ina GI ana libbiu u-[...] RAcc.146:459; see also §uruptu.

5' exceptionally, for packing a tabletfor shipment: tuppam ina qd-nu-e lawswiama wrap the tablet (inscribed withPN's will) in reeds (i.e., a reed mat?) and(have him bring it with great care) HUCA40-41 33 L29-574:33 (OA).

6' as a cane: ahhea ina qa-ni-e umsdahhi he caned my brothers with a rodCT 22 247:21 (MB let.).

7' other uses: 20 GI.ME§ (with variousspecifications) EA 22 iii 51-54 (list of giftsot TuSratta), cf. 1 rnm GI.ME§ Aarmu ibid.47f.; see hugu, irritu, kuninnu, malalli,mihru A mng. 4, urullu, see also qan tup=pcni (part of a reed fence), in lex. sec-tion.

c) in comparisons: kima qa-nd-e-emkupralMu (see kapdru B mng. Ib) BIN 719:11, also Kraus AbB 1 37:7; ilUi kima GIiubbu inarrutu the gods shake and

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qanui

tremble like reeds AnSt 8 62 ii 40 (Nbn.),cf. malkindkirja kima qa-ni-e meh? i ubbuthe kings hostile to me bend like reeds ina storm Borger Esarh. 57 iv 81, also KAH 284:22 (Adn. II), CT 35 26:8 (Asb.); see alsoqdlu B mng. 1; nige §a ina libbiu kc GI.ME9 tuhtayi4 you broke the people in it(the city) like reeds Cagni Erra IV 67; qadumdtikunu ki GI liheQiqka (see hadqumng. 3) KBo 1 3 r. 14, also ibid. 1 r. 65 (trea-ties); mari Bdbili §a kima qa-ni-e (var.GI) api pdqida la i u (see apu A usage d)Cagni Erra IV 6; malkila kanSltiu kima GIapi uha6ima Borger Esarh. 97:32, for otherrefs. see apu A usage d; GI.ME § U.SI.ME§- his fingers are reeds KAR 307:11(description of a non-pictorial, symbolic re-presentation of a deity).

d) parts: tiiltu a A GI [ina] muhhiappilu uhappa (see hep mng. 7) AMT105,1 iv 18, cf. AMT 1,3:10; GI.PA.fTR.GI GI.§UL.HI . . . tasdk (var. [gu-u]r roGl gu-urGI.SUL.HI) Kocher BAM 398 r. 38, cf. ibid. r. 25,var. from CT 23 41 i 12, see guru, see alsokieru mng. 7, habburu; lipiGOI.ME§ pith(?)of reeds AMT 16,3 i 13 + 12,3 i 7, see alsolibbu mng. 2f, handu; for i4du, artu, qu=liptu, qimmatu, see Hh. VIII 153ff., in lex.section.

e) types - 1' qan appdri marsh reed:see apparu, note imahharka GI AMBAR abluthe dry marsh reed relies on you (SamaS)Lambert BWL 322 K.8051:4.

2' qan silli: see Hh. VIII 146ff., Hg. A II41d, in lex. section.

3' qan alali: see aldlu s.4' qan dipri: see Hh. VIII 2, in lex.

section; a GI.NUN.ME.TAG i6inim (hiredworkmen) who brought reeds for weavinggrain baskets TLB 1 64 No. 43:11, see Lands-berger Date Palm 7 n. 3.

5' qan tillati: see tillatu.f) other occs.: see lubSu, kuSiru lex.

section.

qanf2. (a fragrant reed) - a) qani: elitam

§a erenim u qd-nu-im I 488:5, cited Matoul,ArOr 42 171; ina lapliSunu attabak I erenau asa (see asu A usage b-3') Gilg. XI 158;muhra . . . supdiz qa-ni-e ballukki accept(sama and Adad) the juniper, the reeds,the .... (and other aromatic substancesoffered) BBR No. 75-78:7; [ina libbi] egubbiudt ... GI SIKIL ... tanaddi you put(various substances), pure reed (beads,etc.) into this holy water basin K.2587:23',also (with GI AMBAR) JRAS 1925 43:16, see TuLp. 103; as ingredient of perfume: 3 S1LAasa 3 SILA Ga.GI halute ... ana libbihirsi takarrar you put three silas of myrtleand three silas of chopped reeds into ahirsu bowl Ebeling Parfiimrez. 28 i 13, cf.,wr. GI(.MEA) ibid. 45:20, 31 iv 4, and passimin these texts.

b) qan tdbu "sweet" reed: see Hh.VIII 5, in lex. section; 1 bilat asam damsqam 1 bilat GI ta-ba-am .. . leqeammatake for me one talent of fine myrtle, onetalent of sweet reed VAS 16 36:7, also TCL18 133:4 (both OB letters), also CCT 4 44b:12(OA), and passim beside myrtle, see asu Ausage b; GI DoaG.GA [ana belija ultebilaI sent sweet reed to my lord BE 17 45:5and 8 (MB let.), cf. PBS 2/2 107:8 (MB); akuli. . . GI DOG.G[A] consume the sweet reed(addressing the fire) AfO 23 41:27 (SB fireinc.); GI.GI DG.GA ... tahaJ6al you crushsweet reed KUB 37 1:12 (Bogh. med.), seeAfO 16 48, also, wr. qa-na-a ta-[a-ba] KUB37 55 iii 24, cf. Iraq 31 29:4 (MA med.); GIDTG.GA (as ingredient in recipes) KiichlerBeitr. pl. 2 ii 15, also Kocher BAM 3 iv 17, 396ii 26, 10 GIN GI DG AMT 84,1 ii 3, alsoKocher BAM 216:21, 186:3, AMT 41,1 iv 13, andpassim in med.; ziqtu a GI DtTG.GA tanai(see ziqtu) ZA 45 44:19, cf. ibid. 42:3 (NArit.), see also qan tuppi usage a; GI DtG.GA .. ina muhhi garakku tee n you pilesweet reed (and other aromatics) on thebrazier BRM 4 6:15; ina takkussi GI DOG.GAana libbi uzun imittiSu tulahha througha tube of sweet reed you murmur (the

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qanfiincantation) into its (the bull's) right earKAR 60:10 and 13, also 4R 23 No. 1 i 17, seeRAcc. 26; GI DUG.GA ina libbi tuzaqqap youset up sweet reeds on it (the sacrificialarrangement) BBR No. 26 iv 32, cf. (withtusannal) Maqlu IX 25, and passim in rit.; i.GI§GI DUiG.GA ana qaqqadilu tanaddi you putoil of sweet reed on his head AMT 35,2ii 7, cf. 86,3:7, 92,4 r. 11, Kocher BAM 3 iv 12,and passim in med. and rit.; 30 MA.NA §IMGI DITG.GA TCL 10 81:7, also ibid. 16:12 (OB);4 §IM GI DUTG.GA UET 4 146:2, 147:10, also(preceded by §IM.GI§.ERIN, gIM 6urmeni, IM.GIR,SIM.SAL) 82-7-14,2555:7; 2 MA.NA GI DUTG.GAGCCI 2 249:1 (all NB), cf. GI DUG.GA (amongother plants) ADD 1042:9, 1074:12.

3. arrow - a) in econ.: 5 quppi §aGI.HI.A a qtija 10 quppu 6a GI.HI.A uAlu kajdnuma reiam likillu five baskets ofarrows at my disposal (?) and ten basketsof arrows in reserve (?) should always beready ARM 18 9:13 and 15, also ARMT 1356:11; 5 ilpatu 30.TA.AM GI.ME§-nu inalibbilunu nadi five quivers, in each ofthem there are thirty arrows HSS 13 195:4,see also ipatu mng. Ic, hillu mng. 3;1 GIS.BAN [. .. ] Sa URUDU.ME§ 18 GI §aUD.KA.BAR one bow [.. .] of copper, 18bronze arrows HSS 15 4:20, also 41 and 52;PN LU.ZADIM §a GI.ME§ PN, the makerof arrows Sumer 32 142 No. 7:2; §a PN 1GI-u la damqu HSS 15 21:3, cf. ibid. 33, 18:38(all Nuzi), possibly to be read gukidu or iltdhu.

b) in lit.: itlul qalta qa-na-a ubil ummaul ithi ana Anze qa-nu-u ittura he (Nin-urta) drew the bow and sent out thearrow against him, but it did not comeclose to Anzf, the arrow returned RA 4634:22f., also ibid. 36:38f., dupl. STT 19:75f., cf.qa-nu-um-ma §a tallika tura apukka (seeapu A usage a) RA 46 34:25, 36:41 (SBEpic of Zu); ina tdhazi GI ana amii la feh&that in battle an arrow may not comenear a man (incipit of an inc.) CT 22 1:21;GI tdhazi ana Imgur-Enlil dir Bdbili latah VAB 4 132 vi 22, wr. qd-an ibid. 138viii 42, 82 i 10, wr. qa-an 196 No. 28:3, and

qanfipassim in Nbk., cf. a lemni ... qd-an tidhaziu uasszm8 a ibid. 120 iii 31, 138 ix 40(Nbk.); [gi.te.te] = [MIN (= [8i-hi-i]l-tu)qd-n]i-e MSL 9 97:220 (list of diseases); GI.HI.A itbalu kirassa ublunim (see kirissuusage b) KBo 1 11 r.(!) 16, see Giiterbock,ZA 44 122; umma ina GI mahi if he ishit by an arrow Dream-book 329 r. ii 20,cf. [Sa ana] duri ... qa-a-na inassukuniksa inakkisu whoever shoots an arrowagainst the wall or makes a breach (init) MDP 41 66 No. 32A:8 (MB Elam).

4. tube, pipe - a) of stone: NA 4 il-li-gi : NA 4 qa-nu-, NA 4 [s]u-u: NA 4 qa-nu-u Uruanna III 157f., in MSL 10 69:9f.,71:56f.

b) of metal: qa-nu-u eri a copper q.(in dowry list) Iraq 16 38 ND 2307:33 (NA);7 qd-nu-u a meqta mal a hurdai (seemeqztu usage a) EA 14 ii 3 (list of gifts fromEgypt), also ibid. ii 6, cf. 3 qd-nu-u tatbikuSa hurdi ibid. ii 4.

c) as a flute: [. .. u]eiriba qa-andte (parallel: Jamme ridte uSerib)34 16:35 (SB lit.); see also 4R 11:27f.,lex. section.

hi=CTin

5. measuring rod: gi.gin.gid, gi.gub.gub.ba, gi.nig.[ninda.n]a =qa-an min-da-tum, gi.nig. SAR. di.a =MIN ka-a-tum Hh. IX 295ff., in MSL 9 183,cf. gi.nig.ninda.na = gu-ku = qa-anmin-da-ti Hg. A II 11, in MSL 7 67 and MSL9 186; qa-na-am elqema [mindassu] ulidema I took a measuring rod, but I didnot know its length Sumer 7 39 No. 7:2,also, wr. GI TCL 18 154:34, cf. reS qd-ni-iam-num what is the original (length) of mymeasuring rod? ibid. 36, cf. ibid. 37, see alsomiddatu mng. 2a; 15 ana bd qa-ni-kai~ima multiply 15 by half of your meas-uring rod Sumer 7 38 No. 6:6, of. ibid. 2(all OB math.); warki allim u qd-ni-impdStum Sa DN ... lillikma eqlam sunniqlet the ax of DN go (around the field) afterthe measuring cord and reed, thus checkthe (measurements of the) field Kienast

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qanfiKisurra 159:18; muttabbilat alu ammat GI.ME§ ginindanakku (see alu mng. Ib)Or. NS 36 118:41 (SB hymn to Gula); see alsoCT 17 15:20, SBH p. 14 No. 6 r. 17f., in lex.section.

6. (a measure of length) - a) in metrol-ogy: 6 Kt§ = Jqa-nuNINDA, 10 GI = 151NINDA, 20 GI = 10d-[ltm]NINDA RA 2333:6f.; anniti ubdnu a 24 SU.SI.ME 1 KIU§ammat zeri u GI.ME Sa 1 me KTU§ u 1 meKt§ SAG 5 (BAN) 3 SILA 3J NINDA §dzeri u GI.ME§ this is the "finger" where24 "fingers" (equal) one cubit, the cubitused for fields and lots, of which (a squareof) one hundred cubits' length and onehundred cubits' width equals 33 silas31 NINDA of a field or lot BE 20 30iii 16 and 18 (NB metrological table).

b) in OB, Mari: sixty firs a qd-na§a 2 qd-na arku §a 1 siLA a 2 siLA kabruwhich are not less than two reeds longand not less than two silas thick VAS 1652:6f., cf. 40 aSuhi 2 GI.AM ana simmi=aItim ARM 18 24:6; 7 kuburre a 4-a-a

ina 1 [KtJ] 2 kuburre qa-na-a-a 10-te Sa[...] (correct CAD kuburru mng. 2) AfO20 pl. 7:3, see Unger Babylon p. 250, cf. 50guS~ru a 2 GI.AM ARM 3 23:11; 2 GI§urnu §a 5 GI.AM u 8 GI§.HI.A supalu Sa4 GI.AM ina GN ikkali two cedars(?) offive reeds' length each and eight junipertrees of four reeds' length each were de-layed in Carchemish ARM 14 31:16; [inax q]a-na-tim mdrak huni[b7 (see mdrakuusage a) ARMT 13 45:7f.; bitqam dmurma8 GI.HI.A rupum I looked at the breach,it was eight reeds wide ARM 6 9:7; 2 GI2 ammdtim libbi bitim lilkunu let themmake the inside of the house two reeds(and) two cubits (wide) ARM 14 25 r. 3and 6, guiurz ajdnum nileqqem 4 GI iddibitim imtid 2 aG-ma libbi bitim azzim iddiu liMSakin from where shall we takebeams? a four-reed length for the houseis too much, let the inside of the housebe set at only two reeds in accordancewith its length ibid. r. 7 f.; usukkaa 6aplm

qanfim iqquruma qa-na u nikkas imtaqut thewater destroyed (the bridge's) lower side,and it fell down (over a length of) onereed and three cubits ARM 6 1:21, cf. 1 GIme i-gu-um imla ARMT 13 28:5, also ARM10 25:13; U§.BI 8 GI.ME§ its (a garden's)length is eight reeds OECT 8 3:7; uncert.:hamSit qc-ni-e(?) [e-li] -it Sitta ammat igar=turn kabrat the wall is one fifth (?) of areed high(?), two cubits thick TCL 10 3: 1;lupu daltam a qd-na rupussa I want tomake a door of one reed's width TIM9 46:22 (Gilg.), cf. ibid. 24.

c) in NB: 23 GI.ME§ 4 KU iltet mehatu23 reeds four cubits, first measurement(referring to an area 35 by 33 cubits)VAS 5 103:8, cf. 8 GI.ME§ 1 KTU 4 §U.SI(corresponding to twenty by twentycubits) AnOr 8 51:1, also 28 6 Kit u 8 §u.SI GI.ME§ 28 reeds (of seven cubits)61 cubits (corresponding to a trapezoidalplot with sides of 45, 30, 45, and 33cubits) BIN 2 130:11; 9 GI.ME§ (corre-sponding to 18 by 18 cubits) TCL 12 19:1and 9; 6 GI.ME§ (corresponding to 18 by12 cubits) Camb. 403:1, cf. 10 GI.ME§3 KU§ 7 §U.SI bZtu eplu anni VAS 5 38:18,and passim in this text, also Weissbach Misc. pl. 15No. 2:1, Nbn. 1128:13, Peiser Vertrage 117:14,Nbk. 164:11, and passim in NB, wr. x qa-nu-2 KUfT 7 §U.SI Camb. 233:11, cf. ibid. 28;12 nikkas GI.ME§ 121 reeds (corre-sponding to 25 by 25 cubits) AnOr 9 15:11;6 GI.ME§ (corresponding to 18 by 12 cu-bits) Strassmaier, Actes du 8e Congres Inter-national No. 8:1 and 10, also ibid. No. 6:1 and 15.

c) other occ.: 4x3600 + 3x600 + 60x3qa-na 2 KU§ nibit Sumija milihte duriu(see nibitu mng. 2b) Winckler Sar. pl. 43:65.

7. plot of land: PN dm GI.ME§- . ..mahir PN received the purchase price ofhis plot TCL 12 19:18, also Nbn. 26:7, AnOr 84:5, VAS 5 113:7, and passim in NB; itti GI.ME§ Sa Eanna bitu 6udti ina le'i Satru (itwas found that) this house was enteredin the register as belonging with the plots

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qanfiof Eanna BIN 2 134:30, cf. fuppi GI.ME§VAS 5 18:29; tuppi ... §a zeri u GI.ME§udatu Dar. 469:9; mannu a. . . ina muhhi

GI.ME § udtu idabbubu whoever starts alawsuit about this plot TCL 12 19:24, cf.GI.ME§ atar u matu Dar. 325:24; makall?§a GI.ME§- u §a PN (see makallu) Dar.323:19; btu a PN a ina I.ME a PN2 puhouse of PN which he built on PN2's plotEvetts Ner. 29:2; GI.ME §a PN a PN2 inalibbi aSbu PN's plot on which PN2 residesTuM 2-3 24:1; idi qaqqaru a GI.ME § udtithe rent for the real estate with regardto these plots (referring to 2 GI.ME§ lines1 and 8) CT 44 76:14, and passim in NB.

In NB, areas are measured as equiv-alent to a rectangle of a standard widthof one qanu, so that only the length of thisrectangle has to be specified (see ammatudisc. section). This length is then ex-pressed in qanl, ammatu, and ubdnu. InNB there are in one qanl either sevencubits (e.g., in BE 20 30 iii 18, VAS 5 103:8,AnOr8 51:1, BIN2 130:11,AnOr9 15:11) or sixcubits (e.g., in TCL 12 19:1, Camb. 403:1,Weissbach Misc. pl. 15 No. 2:1). This is prob-ably a consequence of the introduction ofa smaller cubit (see ammatu disc. section),although the relations fit only approxi-mately. The entry e-gai GI = [.. .] "threeCI" CT 18 33 K.8833:6 (= Antagal X) refersto the three Gi-entries of the left side;the text is not a metrological text.

qani in Ia muhhi qanate s.; (a pro-fession); NA*; cf. qanl s.

LU 6d UGU qa-na-a-te Bab. 7 pl. 6 v 18(NA list of professions), see MSL 12 240; PN LUSd UGU qa-na-te (witness) ADD 618 r. 9(coll. Ungnad, ARU No. 66).

qanf v.; 1. to keep(?), 2. to buy,acquire, 3. qunn (unkn. mng.), 4. IV(uncert. mng.); OA, OB, Mari, MB, NA;I iqni - iqanni (OB) and iqnu - iqannu(NA), 1/2, II, IV/2; cf. qintu A.

tu-qa-an-na 5R 45 K.253 vii 40 (gramm.).

qapiru1. to keep(?): amtam §a ezibakkum la

ta-qd-an-ni- i ana kaspim idinSi the slavegirl I left with you, you must not keep (?)her, sell her! CT 33 22:19 (OB let.); []jakima a a [r]aksu u eream la ile'i ana pitdtwattar[ ta-q] a-an-nu-u unuma lu wattaruall those who are not bound by a contractand who are not able to do agriculturalwork (and whom) you keep in reserve asreplacements, they are indeed replace-ments ARM 4 86:34, cf. (in broken context)i-qa-an-ni TIM 9 48 r. ii 19 (ar tamltri).

2. to buy, acquire (NA only): (youswear that) qinitu 6a unu iq-nu-u-ni(var. iq-qi-nu-u-ni) tanaSSni you (pl.)will not take away the acquisitions theyhave acquired Wiseman Treaties 274; [eqle] tikirdti niS[i §a fina jillija iq-nu-[u e]pu§ubit rame[niu uza]kkima I exempted (fromtaxes) the fields, orchards, and peoplethat he had acquired under my protectionand made into his own estate ADD 647:24,see Postgate Royal Grants No. 9, parallel ibid.No. 10:24, 11:24, cf. ammar a abia inaqilli Sarri iq-nu-u-ni ABL 152:16; ina Qilli§arri beZija L1.ZI.ME§ 5 7 aq-tu-nu underthe protection of the king, my lord, Iacquired five (to) seven people ABL 1285r. 23 (coll.); ta-qa-an-nu (in broken context)ABL 1262 r. 5.

3. qunn (unkn. mng.): [.. .] li-GA-an-ni-ma [...] may [Adad?] .... [his . . .]MDP 6 p. 43 iii 8 (MB kudurru), cf. li-GA-an-ni-rmal [. . .] MDP 10 pl. 12 v 3, see Borger,AfO 23 20.

4. IV (uncert. mng.): for your owndebt bi-ta-ku-nu ... i-ta-aq-nu yourhouse has been seized(?) CCT 5 8a:11,see Larsen The Old Assyrian City-State 201.

qanuinu see ganinu B.qanu' u see qani s.qapalu see kapdlu.qaplru s.; (a container); NA.*

1 qa-pi-ru nini one q. of fish ADD890:2, cf. 2 qa-bir suluppz ADD 942 i 3; ina

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qappatubddiu ina kallamdri 2 DUG qa(?)-pi-ra-ni(?) u8se8i in the evening (and) earlyin the morning, he (the cook) sent outtwo q.-pots (referred to as udH line 22)ABL 1372 r. 4.

For a Syr. cognate see von Soden, Or. NS46 192.

qappatu (qabbatu) s.; (a basket madeof palm leaves); OB, MB, SB, NB; wr.syll. and GI.GAM.MA (Lambert BWL 148:73);cf. epic qappdti.

li.nig.tag.tag = e-pi6 qap-pa-ti plaiter of q.-baskets Hh. "XXV" A 9, in MSL 12 227, alsoNabnitu E 157.

[h]al-ha-lum = qdp-pa-tum CT 18 9 K.4233+ii 8; [...] = qdp-pa-du KUB 3 109:3 (unidenti-fied voc.).

a) in gen.: 2 GIB qd-ab-ba-tum (amonghousehold utensils) CT 6 20b: 10 (OB); anaqa-rap-pal-ti kamis (x gold) has beencollected into baskets (?) Sumer 9 34ff.No. 15:7 (MB), cf. 6ulmdnatu LIBIR.RA(?)§a ina qap-pa-ti akna UM 29-15-205:34(MB, courtesy W. van Soldt); (alum receivedfrom a merchant) ina libbi 18 qa-ap-pa-ti[. .] nadi TuM 2-3 251:6 (NB); note wr.with the log. for kippatu: amelu §a usatamana mdtifu ippu Iakna usdtuu ina GI.GAM.MA (var. qap-pat) a Marduk theman who provides help to his country,his deeds are placed in the basket ofMarduk Lambert BWL 148:73.

b) beside tools used in agriculture anddigging: MAR.AN.BAR.[ME§] qa-ap-pa-a-td u hi4ihti a dullu a nari innaMunutugive them (the farmers) iron spades, q.-baskets, and (all) that is necessary for thetask of (cleaning) the canal BIN 1 60:17,cf., wr. qdp-pat-ti ibid. 45:29, also elevenshekels (of silver) ana qap-pa-a-ta anadullu §a muhhi [...] UCP 9 114 No. 60:63,cf. ibid. 1, 49; [x]+7 zabbilu . .. [x q]a-ap-pa-at (parallels: [x] GAL AN.BAR.ME§ andmarri) 82-7-14,1770:3; 45 qa-ap-pa-a-[ti]u 10 zab-bi-la-a-[nu] GCCI 1 308:8, cf. ibid.375:1; qdp-pa-tum zab-bi-lu mazrutti (fol-lowing a list of plants in the royal garden)

qapuCT 14 50:68; 10 qa-ap-pa-a-ti ... ana bitkddu Aubul ten q.-s have been broughtto the outpost (among items for a soldier'sequipment) YOS 6 237:4, cf. 10 qa-ap-pa-a-ti inapan PN rab bit kii ibid. 7; qa-ap-pa-a-tu i4mma uibilam take and send theq.-s here (immediately) UCP 9 57 No. 1:5;x GIN KU.BABBAR ana qap-pa-a-ti GCCI1 55:7; hummulu ana qdp-pat.ME§ BIN 1162:16 (all NB).

c) in NB date grove contracts (partof the dues payable by a tenant): itti 1 GUR. . . dariku u 2-ta qap-pa-a-tum inandinu'per gur (of dates) they (the tenants) willdeliver (various by-products and) a daricucontainer and two baskets VAS 3 150:8, wr.1-en qap-pa-tum ibid. 61:15, wr. qa-ab-ba-a-tum Nbn. 973:12; also 4-ta qa-ap-pa-tum 4 zabbildnu 4 darkdnu itti inandinStrassmaier Liverpool 12:9; 2-ta qa-ap-pat PN

A u mangaga etir VAS 6 288:12; 12-taqa-ap-pa-tum PN ana bit kare ittadin (afterlibbilibbi and mangagu) Nbn. 271:4,9, and 13.

If the broken passage we (the thieves)took 1 nashiptu appdtu parzilli [x qa]-ab-ba-tum parzilli 3 MAR.AN.BAR.ME U TIJGmu-gip-e-tum (see appatu B) AnOr 8 27:10is correctly restored, it would indicatethat qappatu also designated an iron tool;in that case some of the refs. cited usage bmay also refer to such a tool.

Landsberger Date Palm p. 45 and 53.

qapsidu (or qabsidu) s.; (part of a gar-ment); OB.*

sissiktam qd-ap-si-da-am tanaddi youlay down the hem (and) the q. (forcleaning) UET 6 414:4, cf. sissikat qd-ap-si-di-im tupaffar ibid. 9, see Iraq 25 183.

qapu v.; to rise; SB*; Aram. lw.

pagi // uqipi Sa appztalu ana paniuqa-pa-at / qa-pu / [. . .] (see appitu)BRM 4 32:23 (med. comm.).

For Aram. qepd see von Soden, Or. NS37 263.

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qapuqpu s.; (mng. unkn.); Akkadogram inHitt.*

[1 O]I.PISAN.TUR §A-gU 1 QA-A-PU DUg.§U.A one small basket inside which isone q. of duo 2 stone (?) KUB 42 20:5';[1 G]I.PISAN.TUR 1 QA-A-PU ibid. 18 ii 4'.

qapu A (qidpu) v.; 1. to believe, to givecredence to, to trust, (in the stative andinf.) to have reliable information, 2. toentrust someone with a task, with valu-ables, to entrust something to someone,3. to entrust silver or goods for tradeor on consignment, 4. to make a qiptuloan, 5. II to guarantee, 6. IV to bebelieved, 7. IV to be entrusted; fromOAkk. on; I iqp - iq4p (earlier iqiap),pl. iqippu- qip, 1/2, I/3 (iq-ti-ni-a-dpCCT 4 22b:48), II, IV; cf. muqippu, qaji=pdnu, qajipdnutu, qajipu, qptu, qptu inbe qpti, qptu in bit qpti, qpu adj. and s.,qputu.

Au.l1.e = qa-pu (var. qi-a-pu) §a mim-ma, el.de.a = MIN §a mim-ma, giskim.ti = MIN §a qi-ip-tim (var. a-wa-ti), tam = MIN §a libbi, a. tam= MIN §a libbi, qi-pu Nabnitu J 74 ff.; [ a ]. [ta]lamUD= qa-[a-pu], giskim.ti = MIN §d a-[mat] AntagalA 149 f.; [...] x = ta-li-mu, qa-a-pu, te-bi-ib-tiVAT 10426:29ff. (Erimhu§ a), cf. qa-a-pi te-bi-[ib-ti] Hunger Uruk 27:7.

giskim.t[i.la. §] = a-na qip-ti, giskim.t[i.la] = qa-a-pu, giskim.t[i.la.de] = a-na qa-a-pi,eg.d[6.a] = [qa-a-pu] Ai. II i 66ff.; u.1[A] =[qa-a-pu], §u.l. A = a-na [MIN], 9u.1& = qi-[ip-tu] ibid. 74ff.

qi-ip nap- d-a-tum // qa-a-pa // na-da-nu JNES33 332:44 (med. comm.).

1. to believe, to give credence to, totrust, (in the stative and inf.) to havereliable information - a) in gen.: adizakitam nilme'u la ni-qi-ip until we re-ceived definite information we did not be-lieve (it) TCL 19 71:8; §umma la ta-qi-pdqdtz mah+ama if you do not have con-fidence (about the affair), refuse to takepart in it for me Or. NS 36 396 n. 2c:33;aMdum awdtim 8a PN iqbikum umma attamaul qi-pa-ku as for the words PN spoke toyou, you (said) thus: I do not believe (it)

qgpu AKraus AbB 1 46:29, cf. (in broken context)ul qi-ip TCL 18 140 r. 3'; minam [1]ibbumli-qi-ip how can one believe? Bagh. Mitt.2 57 ii 7 (early OB let.); kima ... ina sinikiniluma aq-ti-ip I have been led to believethat he slept with you TCL 1 10:23 (OB let.);6umma ahua ul i-qa-a-ap aradka ... lilli:kam li-di-in-zu if my brother does notbelieve (him), your servant should comeand accuse him in court KBo 1 10 r. 30(let.); rama4. .. gabbi la a-qi-pi (I swear)by gama§ that I believe all of it YOS 3151:9 (NB); la i-qi-pu §a Sarru illakuni theydo not believe that the king will comeIraq 17 23 No. 1:30 (NA let.); adi mannu ulumana §arri iqabbi ki Sarru i-qip-pi howcan the king believe (the omen) untilsomeone speaks a greeting to the king?ABL 1006 r. 6 (NB, = Thompson Rep. 268); issurri6arru belf la i-qi-ap perhaps the king, mylord, does not believe (me) ABL 565 r. 6(NA); nim?2 ul ni-qip we heard (it) butdid not believe (it) (in broken context)ABL 1366:6 (NB); qi-i-pa believe me! (ex-clamation) Lambert BWL 204 col. B 5; §ummaul qi-ip if he is not trusting(?) ZA 43104 iii 58 (Sittenkanon); in personal names:Mannu-i-qa-pa Who-Would-Believe-It?Speleers Recueil 298:26, wr. Mannu-i-qa-piBRM 2 21:32, 24:30, 26:26, VAS 15 42:24, UET4 60 r. 6, but Man-na-i-qip-pu ibid. 37:15,also Mannu-i-qa-pu CT 4 41b: 13, TCL 6 48r. 12, BIN 2 135:38, and passim in BRM 2, TCL13, BE 10.

b) to give credence to a person, a re-port, to trust: ula abi atta md ana 10 §E.OUR ula td-qi-pd-an-ni are you not myfather? what? do you not trust me for tengur of barley? MAD 5 2:7 (OAkk. let.); iuti$erija awilma md wuwdti ta-qi-ip-majdtiula ta-aq-ti-pd-ni what? is he more of agentleman than I am that you trustedhim but you did not trust me? CCT 43b:24f. (OA let.); atta ul ta-qi-pa-an-ni ubztz tahSulma tulterib you did not trust mebut promptly brought him into my house(instead) TCL 18 144:11, cf. minde uniti

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qgpu Aul ta-qi-a-[apl maybe you do not trustthem? PBS 7 84:17; amatki ul ta-qi-pi-ido you not trust your servant? TCL 1 25:9,of. (obscure) a-di bu-§i i-qi-ip(?) ibid. 34(all OB letters); aJappar<§u>niuim ula i-qi-pu-ni-in-<ni>-ma I write to them but theydo not believe me UET 5 72:17 (OB let.);[.. .]-us-ku-nu-lim-ma la ta-qip-pa-[x]ABL 1304:13; Idru la ta-qi-pa-§u (hiswords) are but wind, do not believe himABL 301:6, cf. arru beld la i-qdp-Fd ABL266 r. 6 (all NB); mannu i-qa-ap-Su-nu whowill believe them (the envoys)? EA 1:40(let. from Egypt), cf. u la aq-ti-ip-Su-nu EA20:19 (let. of Tugratta); URU rumuri inan=nama [in] a hamu(tti ubannii [in] anna li-qi-pa-an-ni inima ubanni $umuri I willnow rebuild the city of GN immediately,now (my lord) may believe me that I willrebuild GN EA 159:45 (let. ofAziri); ummaawdti §a mdr 6ipri ana amdti 9a tuppimithar mar lipra an-nu-me-e-am RN qi-ip-Su u umma . . . ul mithar RN mdr Sipralu la ta-aq-qi-ip-tu if the words of themessenger correspond to the words of(this) letter, trust that messenger, 0 RN,but if they do not correspond, 0 RN, donot trust the messenger KBo 1 5 iv 36, 38(treaty); ikk&m awassunu a-qi-ip thereforeI believed their words Laessee ShemsharaTablets p. 33 SH 920:33, cf. qibissunu la a-qi-ip-ma OECT 1 pl. 24 i 53 (Nbn.), cf. also[a]mdtiunu ... [ul?] a-qi-ip-ma VAS 156:5; tammar ... kz kime Sarru rabi ip=pu Sunuti u atta RN ina arki ium am4te6a garri rabi belika ta-qa-a-ap you willsee how the great king will treat them,and you, RN, will in the future believe inthe words of the great king, your lordMRS 9 36 RS 17.132:29, cf. Summa amataqi-pu Summa la qi-pu KUB 3 56:3 (let.);aar indja immar[a] el abim ul a-qi-a-apeven if I see it with my own eyes, I willnot believe that the troops are coming upARM 2 51:15; Sadri a ina nari 6at-ri qi-pa-an-ni 4ina pirdtu la taqabbi believe whatis written on this monument, do not say:These are lies VAB 3 63 § 56:98, see von

qgpu AVoigtlander Bisitun p. 42, cf. § 60: 101, cf. mannu

a ... a.t.ari ... [1] a i-qi-ip-pi [zi]qabbiumma piredtu Sina ibid. § 58:100 (Dar. Behi-stun); amelu a ana muhhi [ame] lu idabbubagdzi ul a-qa-pa adi muhhi dibbi a [kilal=l] eunu alemmu I do not believe a manwho accuses another until I have heard thestatements of both Herzfeld API p. 6:14 (Dar.Nb), see Borger apud Hinz AFF 57; PN and PN2have fled enna agd ni u ul qi-pu-na-6inow people have no trust in us (any more)BIN 1 49:12; mina iqabbunimma ina muhhiardi §a bit be-liu irammu u andku a-qip-pu-' what could they say about a servantwho loves the house of his lord and whomI trust? ABL 290 r. 13; a ak-ri-ka-a' kila ta-qi-pan-ni lu palir (obscure) YOS3 158:8; [. . .] i-qa-pa DIN-Su ABL 1335r. 20; li-qi-pu-ni (in broken context, endof let.) ABL 255 r. 6 (all NB); erradanima4um qi-pa-a-ku rdimi they (fem.) comedown to me because I (still) trust mylover JCS 15 9 iv 10 (OB lit.); Sarrum mdssuu wardiu i-qi-a-ap the king can trusthis country and his servants (parallel:i-tee-ep 24:25) YOS 10 25:18 (OB ext.); i-qi-pu-u-ni (in broken context) Knudtzon Ge-bete 64:5.

c) (in the stative and inf.) to havereliable information: ana qe-ep awdtimRN ana RN2 ipuram to get trustworthy in-formation on these matters RN wrote toRN2 RA 35 184 c 43 (Mari let.); PN a illak[adta]mar u ... aldka Sa [. . .] anniti ul qi-pa-ku I myself saw that PN had arrived,but of the coming of this [woman] I haveno trustworthy information JCS 6 144:9(MB let.), cf. PN ul illak u PN2 ul qi-pa-kuPN will not go (to his duty), moreover,I do not trust PN2 TLB 4 51:20 (OB let.).

2. to entrust someone with a task, withvaluables, to entrust something to some-one - a) in leg. and letters: Summaawzlum awilam ana pan eqlidu uzuzzimqgurma [ a] lddm [] -qi-ip-u [AB].GUD.HI.A[i]pqissum [ana] r eqlim ereiim urakkissuif a man hires another man to take care

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qapu Aof his field and entrusts to him the storedbarley and hands over to him the oxen(and) contracts with him for the cultiva-tion of the field (if that man steals theseed or the fodder, they cut off his hand)CH § 253:74; [umma a'z .. .. ] lu iR mimma§um§u gabba qi-ip [.. .] KAV 6 r. 10, cf.§a bissu qi-pu-ni ibid. 13 (Ass. Code C § 9),see David, Symb. Koschaker p. 135f.; anamuhhi anniti dla qi-pa-ku-ma moreover, Iam entrusted with the city PBS 1/2 73:35(MB let.), cf. mimma ul qi-pa-ku ARM 1837:7; 15 GI [. .. ] ... §a Eanna inaqdte PN LU qalla §a belija qi-i-p[u] 15[. .. , the. .. ] of Eanna, are entrusted toPN, my lord's slave TCL 9 78:18 (NB let.).

b) in lit.: Nannaru (var. [ka]kkabu)utepd mia a iq-ti-pa he made the moon(var. his star) appear, entrusting (to it)the night En. el. V 12; nereb kigi. . . i-qip-ii Enlil Enlil entrusted to him (Anzi)

the entrance to the sanctuary CT 15 39ii 3 (SB Epic of Zu).

c) in royal inscrs.: enuma Marduk. . . belut mdtilu i-qi-pa-an-ni when Mar-duk entrusted to me the rulership of hiscountry VAB 4 262 i 17 (Nbn.), also OECT 1p. 33:21, cf. inum Marduk. . . beluti ki atni4z i-qi-pa-an-nim VAB 4 122 i 42, also 112i 14, 120 iii 38, 124 i 64, 140 ix 51 (all Nbk.);libirri kinu mulallim nizi ana belitam lui-qi-pi-im(!) he (Marduk) entrusted tome, for exercising rulership, a legitimatescepter that keeps the people in safetyibid. 216 i 32 (Ner.); nis~ rapidtim §a DN belijdti i-qi-pa-an-ni the widespread peopleswhom Marduk, my lord, entrusted to meibid. 146 ii 14, cf. ibid. 174 ix 6 (both Nbk.), cf.uatbdmma .. . arrdni rube akkanakke uummdnija rapdti a Sin Sama Itar beZljajdti i-qi-pu-nu ana epedu Ehulhul ibid. 220i 45 (Nbn.); kaspa NA 4.NA 4 ni-siq-tum -quruti . . . bi6iti mdtitdn hibi kala dadmiuDN belz jdti i-qi-pa-an-ni Marduk, mylord, entrusted to me silver, choiceprecious stones, products from all coun-tries, treasures from all inhabited regions

qApu APBS 15 79 i 25 (Nbk.), cf. VAB 4 284 ix 22(Nbn.); uncert.: [a]na 6arrdni mdreja aitti lib-bi-<ia> ultammima ina qa-a-piin entrusting(?) to the kings, my sons,what I had planned OIP 2 81:24 (Senn.),see Jacobsen, OIP 24 37 n. 37.

3. to entrust silver or goods for tradeor on consignment - a) in OA - 1' silver:kaspum iti PN illakam i4ti qaqqidiu rakisDAM.GAR ula i-qi-a-dp i-la ezzibam thesilver will go with PN, it has been boundto his person, he will not give it on con-signment to a tamkdru nor lend it oncredit (to a third party) ICK 2 104:8 (OAtransport contract), see Larsen Old AssyrianCaravan Procedures 28 n. 37, cf. (in brokencontext) DAM.GAR 1il-[ld] ri-qfl-[ap]u-la e-zi-ba-am ICK 2 238:1, also CCT1 la: 13; x kaspam a atta u PN tamkdramta-qi-pd-ni tue-bilanim TCL 145:6; kaspam§a airakamma i-qi-pu-ni luebilam heshould send me the silver that he hasentrusted for trade there BIN 4 26:39, cf.(silver) Sa ina GN PN U PN2 i-qi-pu-niibid. 12; x kaspum Sa ep PN a a-u 4 -mequrbutim ta-qf-pd-ni x silver from PN'scaravan, that you had entrusted (to amerchant) for a short-term (venture)ibid. 6; aseir kaspim Sa gep PN u PN2 a ta-qi-pd-ni ippanimma wa dm ebilanimin addition to the silver from the caravanof PN and PN2 that you have entrusted(to a merchant), send me (some more)with the next messenger CCT 2 1:18; inax kaspim earrupim hubul PN ... a PN2i-qi-pu(case adds -au) out of x refinedsilver, debt of PN, that PN2 had entrustedto him TCL 21 247 A:5 (tablet), B:6 (case); xkaspum Sa PN u PN2 PN3 i-q-pu-ni inaumeu mal'itim kaspam PN3 u aqilma(as for) the x silver which PN and PN2entrusted to PN3, when his term was upI made PN3 pay the silver CCT 2 36b:6; [xkaspum Sa . . . ina] GN PN i-qi-pu-Su-[ni] -ma ina tuppiu F tamkdruml waddni (con-cerning) x silver that PN had lent him inGN, while his tablet was made out to

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qapu A"creditor" ICK 1 175:4; see also qiptumng. 3.

2' merchandise: ana itatlim liddinula uSusru la i-qi-pu adi kaspum errubuannakam u ubdti la uluru they shouldsell (the merchandise) for cash, they mustnot release (it) (to a merchant) or give(it) on consignment, until the silver comesin they must not release the tin and thetextiles KTS 20 r. 13', also TCL 20 130:x+18,x+42, CCT 2 5b: 14, cf. annakam u ,ubdti latuarama la ta-qi-pd annakam u Qubdtiana itaflimma dinama (see natdlu mng.9b) ICK 1 189:29; concerning the tin andthe textiles lu ana GN aer PN tuebilanilu PN2 ilqe lu tamkdram ta-qi-pd tertakunulillikam send me your (pl.) report as towhether you sent them to GN to PN'saddress, or whether PN2 has received(them) or whether you gave (them) to amerchant on consignment (parallel: luina Eger tamkdrim taddina whether yougave them to a merchant TCL 19 31:23)TCL 4 17:12; PN mimma la ta-qi-ap ... uina GN mimma la ta-qi-ap assurri mammane ta-qi-ip-ma . . . libbaka e imra do notgive PN anything on consignment, and inGN do not give anything on consignment,if possible, do not give anything on con-signment lest you regret it CCT 4 18a:8,10, and 11; a qi-a-pi-im ni-qi-ip ui ittambatiq u wattur niddamma kaspam nuebbalakkum (all) that could be given onconsignment we gave on consignment,the rest we will sell at any price andwe will send you the silver (obtained)TCL 14 22:5f., cf. (in broken context) BIN4 28:28; ana a qi-ip-tdm ta-aq-ti-pujdti ana magdrim tdtanahma ta-aq-ti-api-a-am annikz u ubdtija aniiitim ta-aq-ti-dp(text -NI)-ma concerning thefact that you have given consignments -you have indeed exerted yourself in givingconsignments to please me! You gave myown tin and textiles on consignment toothers (and certainly did give me honorin the cdru) HUCA 39 13 L29-559:34ff. (coll.);

qapu Ax copper zrm 3 emdri a tamkaram ta-qi-pu the price for three donkeys thatyou gave to the merchant on consignmentKienast ATHE 37:20; (tin, textiles, one blackdonkey) ana x kaspim ana 47 hamlStimPN... i-qi-ip he gave on consignmentto PN for 47 hamutu periods for x silverBIN 4 61:40, cf. naphar kaspika PN i-qi-ipibid. 30, x tin and textiles ana x URUDUPN u PN2 i-qi-pu KTS 55a:6; x silver Saana umequrbutim ta-qi-pu which you gaveon short-term consignment CCT 6 19a:22;(I hear that) x kaspam ina luqutijaammakam §a kima jdti i-qi-pu-kd ...lumma muika ITI.1.KAM u ITI.2.KAMahhuru kaspam uqul my representativesgave you there x silver('s worth) of mymerchandise on consignment, (even) ifyou have a few months before your pay-ment falls due, pay the silver (now) HeckerGiessen 42:8; luqiti a ta-qi-pd-ni iumtamkdr 6uniti ahhurini (do you (pl.) nothear that regarding) my merchandisewhich you gave on consignment, thosemerchants' time is not yet up? TCL 414:18,cf. umu tamkdrija Sa ina Kdni ta-qi-pd-nimal'u ... tamkdrkaspam aSqgilama ibid. 6;luqutam Sa i(na) GN PN qi-pu BIN 6 35:7,cf. u a-wa-tim [. . .] e-ta-wu-i a yep PN[...] PN DUMU PN2 la qi-pd-ku-ma VAT13482:9'; annik u ubdtija Sa ta-qi-pu-6uinimi uma kaspam iqul (concerning)my tin and my textiles that you gavehim on consignment, at the time ap-pointed for him he paid the silver TCL19 22:23, cf. PN a ta-qi-pu-au CCT 2 3:3;note in 1/3: adi kaspum errubu annakamu $ubdtila uSfar andku ana italim altanappara6um sit qi-pd-a-tim iq-ti-ni-a-dpuntil the silver comes in he must notrelease the tin and the textiles - I keepgiving him instructions to sell for cash(only), but he keeps giving credit CCT4 22b:48.

b) in OB: Summa tamkdrum [kaspam]6amalldm i-qi-ip-ma (var. KU.BAB[BAR i]-qi-im-ma) if a merchant entrusts silver

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qapu Ato an agent CH § 107:69; a4§um x KU.BABBAR §a ana NAM.TAB.BA PN PN2 i-qi-pu as for x silver, which PN entrustedto PN2 for a partnership venture HSM7503:3, cited Dole Partnership Loans in the OldBabylonian Period (Harvard Ph. D. Diss. 1965)p. 99; i-qi-pa-am izibamma ummidnum ulilemmiu ana nd tuppilu KU.BABBARi.LA.E even if he (the partner) entrusts(the silver) for trade or lends it (to athird party), the creditor will not accept(that as an excuse), he (the partner) has topay the silver to the holder of his noteVAS 9 183:7 (case) and 182:7 (tablet); qi-ip-ta-am [b]abtam ummidnum ul ilammadi-qi-pa-am izzibamma ana daimma illak uiturramma KU [i.LA].E (see qiptu mng. 3b)TIM 3 124:11, cf. in Sum. formulation:giskim Am.ti.la ii am.mi.ib.tak 4.tak 4 um.mi.a nu.ub.zu.zu PBS 8/2151:17; i-qi-ip-pa izzibamma ana babti ulihit harrdni ummanu ul Iuhuz if he en-trusts (the silver) for trade or lends (itto a third party), the creditor is notliable for outstanding debts or (loss dueto) highway robbery MDP 23 271:5, also270:3, wr. [i-qi] -ip-pu-ni i-zi-bu-ni-im-maibid. 272:6; i-qi(!)-pa-am i-zi-ba-a[m] inakzsilu [. . .] Edzard Tell ed-Der 28:9.

4. to make a qptu loan: sdbitum §alikaram u e'am i-qi-pu mimma §a i-qi-puul uaddan a woman tavern keeper whomade a qiptu loan of beer or barley cannotcollect anything that she has loaned out(after the remission of debts) Kraus Edikt§ 15':llf., cf. x barley Sa PN PN2 i-qi-puYOS 12 212:9; x kaspam hu-bu-li PN PN2

Zpul PN ul uhtabbal mimmuia annum anahubullia ul izzaz §a 6e'am u kaspam i-qi-pu-6i (var. i-qi-ip-pu-di) ina mi-im-mu-4aitelli PN2 has paid x silver, PN's debt(liable to interest). PN will not contractany more debts, none of the afore-mentioned property will serve as col-lateral for her debts, any (naditu) whomakes a qptu loan to her of barley orsilver forfeits what she lent (adoption)

qgpu ACT 47 63:35, var. from 63a:34 (case); uncert.:190 GUR ZIZ.AN.NA . .. UGU PN qi-pa-[.. .] Syria 16 194:5 (RS); PN's sister's sonPN2 kaspam i-qi-ip-§u-ma kima i-qi-pu-§uilteqe A 7543:11f. (OB let.), cf. Kraus, AbB5 229:7.

5. II to guarantee: PN and PN re-ceived the sale price (of the slave girl)PN3 PN4 u-gi-ip PN3 assumed the guaranteefor PN4 Owen Lewis Coll. 102:9 (OAkk.), andsee muqippu.

6. IV to be believed: ema salzmim udamqdtim nib ilim innerriJu adi napiltimlapdtim libbum la iq-qi-ip-pu u §a fattiuni ilim uteddilu (do you not know that)wherever (there are) peaceful and friendlyrelations, no (treaty under) oath isrequired, there is mutual trust withouttouching the throat (in the ceremony),and there is no need to take a new oathevery year? Bagh. Mitt. 2 59 iv 18 (early OBlet.).

7. IV to be entrusted - a) merchan-dise: give the tin and my textiles to atrustworthy merchant on short-term cre-dit §umma a-u4 -me qurbitim la iba4likima i-qi-pu-ni annakam u Qubdtija anatamkdrim kinim ... dina if short-termcredit is impossible, give my tin and tex-tiles - under whatever conditions theycan be entrusted - to a trustworthy mer-chant COT 5 5a: 17, cf. TCL 4 26:9 (OA).

b) persons: kaspum u luqtum alMumiPN eqlam ettiq tamkdrum ula i-qi-dp thesilver and the merchandise will go over-land in the name of PN, no agent willreceive consignments CCT 1 la:13 (OA);ina qdti wardim u amtim tamkdrum usdbitum kaspam e'am . . . adi mddim ulimahhar mdr awilim la zgzu u wardum uliq-qi-a-ap the merchant or the tavernkeeper do not accept silver or barley orother goods from a slave or a slave girl,a coparcener or a slave is not given aqptu loan (of silver or barley) Goetze LE§ 16:1.

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qapu BEdzard Tell ed-Der p. 59; Veenhof Old Assyrian

Trade 419ff.

qapu B (qdbu) v.; 1. to buckle, to cavein, 2. III to cause to collapse; OB, SB;I iqip - iqdp, 1/2, III (only stative Juqi=pat attested); wr. syll. and DIRI (CT38 28:21); cf. qajapu adj., quppu adj.

[di-ri] SI.A = qd-a-pu-u Proto-Diri 6; [di-ri][sI.A] = qa-a-pu §d Iz.zI Diri I 40; diri.ga =MIN (= qa-[a-pu]) d i-ga-ri (in group with qdpu A)Antagal A 151; e E = qa-a-pu Sb II 242.

iz.zi.diri.ga ugu.na im.ma.an. ub : igdrula i-qu-up-pu eliu imtaqut the wall that wasbuckling fell on him Ai. IV iv 24, cf. 6.libir.raiz.zi diri.ga sig 4.BAD an.dub.us.e : bitalabiraigdra 6a i-qu-up-pu imda immid ibid. 16; a.l.hul 6.gar .diri.ga.ginx(GIM) 16.ra in.gul.u s .a h6.me.en : MIN Ja kima igdri i-qup-pu-maeli ameli [i']abbatu atta whether you be an evilalu demon which, like a wall, buckles and (Sum.like a buckling wall) falls upon a man CT 1627:4f.; bad UD.KIB.NUNk.bi lu.kur.ra [s]uh.sfih.e.ne in.sig.ga bi.diri.[ga] : duru Sippar§a ina e8dti nakri inigu i-qu-pu the wall of Sipparwhich deteriorated and collapsed during thedisorders (caused) by the enemy 5R 62:54f.(gamag-ium-ukin); [...] .me.a bad.sig4 zil.lA[...] : eli lemnini diru §a i-qi-pu limqut may thebuckling wall fall upon our enemy Lambert BWL228 iii 16.

eper diri AUB-td ... §UB-tid a iqbu aSu SI.A// qa-a-paSd t.GAR JNES 33 332:50 (med. comm.).

1. to buckle, to cave in - a) in leg.:umma igdrum i-qa-am(var. -ap) -ma babetur ana beZ igari uedizma igdru f la] u-<dan> -nin-ma igdrum imqutma mar awilimuStamit if a wall is buckling and the cityquarter (as authority) brings it to the at-tention of the owner of the wall, but hedoes not reinforce the wall, and the wallcollapses and kills a man Goetze LE § 58iv 25, cf. (in similar, broken context)[i]-qa-ap-ma K.15046:3 (copy of OB laws),in Bezold Cat. Supp. 152, see von Soden, ArOr17/2 373; Summa itinnum bztam ana awilimzpulma 6ipirlu la uStebima igdrum iq-tu-up if a builder constructs a house for aman but does not do it according tospecifications, so that the wall bucklesCH § 233:96.

qapu Bb) in lit.: Summa ina libbi dli igdrdtu

i-qub-ba if in a city the walls collapseBab. 4 110:13 (SB prodigies), see Oppenheim,JNES 33 199; birat dur nakri i-qd-a-[ap]the citadel of the enemy fortress will col-lapse KAR 428 r. 49 (SB ext.); Summa inabzt ameli hur[d] dti i-qu-[pa] if the beamsin a man's house buckle CT 40 7:59 (SBAlu); Summa KI.MIN GIM UB DIRI-maIGI.DUg if ditto (= in a man's house)(something) looking like .... appears CT38 28:21, with comm. [GIM SUB] E DIRI-ma= ki-ma mi-qit E i-qu-e-pi e- u CT 41 25r. 8; enima igdr bit ili i-qa-pu when thewall of the temple buckles RAcc. 34:1,also 40:1, 42:22, 24, wr. i-qa-a-ap ibid. 44:1;kima igdri fa i-qu-up-p[u . .] like a wallthat buckles AfO 19 51:90; omen con-cerning RN §a ina dUTU ina elunim[igdrum?] i-qu-ma imqutalum uponwhom [a wall?], having buckled, fell inthe gama§ temple at the elunu festivalYOS 10 1:4 (OB liver model).

c) in royal inscrs.: bit amaJ... alabdri illikuma i-qu-pu innabtu thetemple of gama which had fallen into dis-repair and buckled and collapsed StreckAsb. 230:17, also (said of the walls of Babylon)ibid. 236:18; temen a enirma idda irmdi-qu-pa re4dSa the foundation platform (ofthe palace) had become weak, its founda-tion had given way, (and) its top hadfallen down OIP 2 128 vi 44 (Senn.), also (re-ferring to the wall of Nineveh) Streck Asb. 144 ix54, Piepkorn Asb. 98 viii 68, dupl. Iraq 30 103viii 68; bt ,ama... . a Aarru mahri ipu§uma la innendu igdru u bitu Sudti i-qu-up-ma itrura riedSu the temple of Samalwhich a former king had built but whosewalls were not supported, this temple wassagging and its top was shaky VAB 4 262i 27 (Nbn.); ramkuti Ebabbar zitaminim i-qu-pu bztu the ramku priests of the Ebabbarsaid to me: The temple has collapsedOECT 1 pi. 24 i 52, cf. mind i-Si-ir-Aum-mai-qu-up-ma ibid. pi. 25 ii 9 (Nbn.); ekallu. . .i-qu-up-ma uptattiri sinditu (see .imdu

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qApu CA mng. 3) VAB 4 212 ii 22 (Ner.); bdb belhtiu§a ina labdri iniu i-qu-pa dirlu the wallof the Gate of his Lordship, which hadbecome weak since olden times, buckledA 701 ii' 3 (unpub. cylinder fragment from Adab);[Eann]a a RN 6arru mahru upiumuilliku labdriS bitu 6udtu igdrdtu u i-qu-pu-mu uptattiru riksuti Eanna, which Sulgi,an earlier king, had constructed andwhich had fallen into disrepair, thistemple's walls had buckled, its bondingshad disintegrated YOS 1 38 i 20 (Sar.), alsoIraq 15 123:5 (Merodachbaladan), cf. labdriSillikma i-qu-u-pu igdrdtuu JCS 17 130:15(Esarh.), cf. Borger Esarh. 74:31, ThompsonEsarh. pl. 15 iii 22 (Asb.), also irmr [ildSu]labdri illiku [i-qu]-ba igdrdtulu StreckAsb. 170 r. 39; igdruSunu i-qu-up-ma igd=rifunu aqqur their (the temples') wallshad become dilapidated so I tore the wallsdown VAB 4 248 iii 30 (Nbn.), also CT 34 35iii 52; i§ddfu inuluma i-qu-pu igdruu PBS15 80 i 18, cf. VAB 4 224 ii 52., igdrdtului-qu-pa-a-ma CT 34 26 i 8, dupl. ibid. 23 i 8,cf. also OECT 1 pl. 24 i 50 (all Nbn.), wr. i-qu-pu-um CT 37 19:37 (Nbk.); §a a4rukkati§udti ina [...] i-qu-pu-u-mi iniSu [...]JAOS 88 126 i b 8 (NB votive).

2. III to cause to collapse: ziqqurratGN §a ulldnua un-nu-a-tu .u-qu-pa-at thetemple tower of Babylon which before mytime had become weakened and was nearcollapse VAB 4 60 i 35 (Nabopolassar).

qApu C (or kdpu) v.; to intend harm;OB*; I iq/kup - *iq/kdp, pl. iq/kuppu.

adi PN u andku baltdnu lemuttau u u nikurtagu l[a] aha lehu Akkadum Jamutbaslum Numhium Idamaraq ana lemuttim unikurtim [ana] PN li-qu-up [ka-a]k-kieleqqnma I (swear that I) will seek noevil or hostile acts against him as longas PN and I live, should GN, GN2, GN 3, (or)GN4 plot evil or hostile acts against PN,I will take up arms Tell Asmar 1930,575:10(courtesy R. Whiting), cf. Sa bitam Idtu uSalr

qaqqadanupatu ana lemuttim u la damiqtim i-qu-pu-§um Syria 32 16 iv 27 (Jahdunlim).

Probably the same verb as kdpu A.

qApu see qdbu.

qaqadA see kakdd.

qaqAnu s.; (a bird, lit. the qaqi-likebird); lex.*; cf. qaq.

u 5 .sim mu en = qa-qu-u = tar-ma-zi-lu, u 5 .mun mulen = pa-'-i = qa-qa-nu Hg. C I 37, inMSL 8/2 173.

qaqdi see kakdd.

qaqqadanu (kaqqaddnu) adj.; 1. withlarge head, 2. important, influential;from OAkk. on; wr. syll. and SAG. DU withphon. complement; cf. qaqqadu.

[sag.du mugen] = [qaq-qa-da-nu] Hh. XVIII160, restored from [sag. du mu en] = qa-qa-r dal-nu MSL 8/2 159:5 (Bogh. Forerunner to Hh.XVIII).

buru 5 .sa.ad.num (var. buru 5 .sa.ak.na) :BURU 5 qaq-qa-da-nu Uruanna III 198, in MSL 8/257.

i kul.KU.ll = am-mu qa(var. qaq) -qa-da-nuHh. XVII 43; ft pi-zir: fC d-mu SA[G . .. ], t MINSIG7 : U d-mu SAG.DU-a-nu Uruanna II 56 f.; Sam-mu x : qaq-[qa-da-a-nu], Sam-mu SAG.DU : [...]ibid. 63 f.

1. with large head - a) as personalname: Qd-qd-da-ndm HSS 10 153 iii 10,154 ii 8, 158 iv 9, 199:4 (OAkk.); Qd-qd-dd-nim(gen.) TCL 4 80:36, Qd-qd-da-nim Jan-kowska KTK 83:5, KBo 9 40:14, Qd-qd-da-niibid. 30:6 (all OA); Ka-aq-qd-da-nu BE 6/1119 ii 4 and 13 (OB), Qd-aq(text -ka) -qa-da-niBE 15 48:4 (MB); PN DUMU Qa-qa-[d]a-niKAJ 14:22 (MA), Qaq-qa-da-nu ABL 444:7,Qaq-qa-da-a-ni ABL 590:6, SAG.DU-a-nuABL 197 r. 1, 492:7, SAG.DU-a-ni TCL 967:18 (all NA).

b) referring to birds and insects: seeHh. XVIII, Uruanna III, in lex. section.

c) referring to plants: see Hh. XVII,Uruanna II, in lex. section; Y SAG.DU-a-na

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*qaqqadainu(among drugs) Kocher BAM 320:37, parallelibid. 205:42.

2. important, influential: ina alikaqd-qd-da-num attama in your city you area man of influence TLB 4 18:24 (OB let.).

For fem. and pl. see *qaqqaddnu2.

*qaqqadainu (fern. qaqqadnitu) adj.; withlarge head, large bulb; MB, NB; wr. syll.and SAG.DU with phonetic complement;cf. qaqqadu.

sum.sag.du SAR : qaq-qa-da-nu-tu (var. qa-qa-da-nu) big-bulbed garlic Hh. XVII 258, var.from RS Recension 144.

i kul.sag.l l(var. .l&) = qaq-qa-da-ni-td Hh.XVII 43a; i nig.dumu.a.ni = qaq-qa-da-[ni-tu],la-bu-bit-[tu] (RS recension 70f.: da-ma-ni-tu, al-mu-me-te) Hh. XVII 103f.

a) referring to plants: see Hh., inlex. section.

b) as personal name: 'Qd-qd-da-ni-tum BE 17 22:5 (MB); PNA m Qaq-qa-da-ni-turn Camb. 306:5; as "family name": PNmdrulu §a PN 2 DUMU mQaq-qa-da-ni-tumNbn. 293:5, wr. SAG.DU-ni-ti ibid. 33, SAG.DU-ni-tum Nbn. 700:4 and 13, 722:12, wr.m SAG.DU--a-ni-t[um] VAS 6 170:5, Qaq-qa-da-n[i-tu] (same person) VAS 4 178:2,SAG.DU-an-ni-tum ibid. 188:3, Peiser Ver-trage 105:10, 102:12, cf. also ibid. 108:6, VAS 6247:12, Nbn. 34:4 (all NB).

qaqqadu (kaqqadu) s.; 1. head (as partof the body), 2. person, self, 3. headof an organization, leader, 4. top, toppart, 5. beginning (of time spans), 6.original amount, principal, 7. (a stone),8. (in idioms), 9. head tax; from OAkk.on; pl. qaqqaddtu; wr. syll. and SAG.DU,rarely SAG; cf. mukil qaqqadi, qaqqadanu,*qaqqaddnl, qaqqadu in 8a qaqqadi, $almdt

qaqqadi.[sa-a]n-du SAG.DU = qaq-qa-du Sb I 245; SAG.DU

= qaq-qa-du Hh. I 76; sag.du = qa-aq-qa-duSag Bil. B 29; sa-ag SAG = qaq-qa-du Idu I 125;sag = qa-aq-qa-dum Sag Bil. .B 6; Se.en = sag= qaq-[qa-du] Emesal Voc. II 181; [SA]o = qa-qa-du Ugaritica 5 237 No. 135:3; uzu.a.za.ad,

qaqqaduuzu.sag, uzu.sag.du = qaq-qa-du (followed byqi-tum MIN, see qitu B) Hh. XV 3ff.; uzu.a.za.ad = bi-bi-e-nu = qaq-qa-du Hg. A II 279 (catchline), in MSL 8/2 45, and Hg. B IV 1, in MSL9 34; [sag], [. . .], MINA1.[X], MIN[A.[], a.za.a[d], u4 .9iu.us = [qa-aq-qa]-du Nabnitu I 75ff.;KIN. sur a.za.ad ki-li- il > qd-qd-di UET 793:14;i.kul.sag.lI.e = MIN (= [qa-aq-qa]-du) [6d x]Nabnitu I 80; i-gu UGU = qaq-qa-du, qab-lat qaq-qa-di (var. s[AG.DU]) Diri III 145a-146; [.. . mu]= ... ] qd-qd-di-ia (followed by nakkaptdja) UgumuBil. Section A 8.

mul.sag.2.bi = Qe-er i-na (var. 2-ta) qaq-qa-da-4i Hh. XIV 16; §u-u §U 4 = 'd SAG.§U 4.§U 4.RUSAG.DU hhip-pu-, pur-ru-ru A II/4:65 f.; tu-kuBUL = na-a-gu a SAG.DU Ea I 118, also A I/2:331;sag.bu.bu = nu-u4 qaq-qa-di 5R 16 ii 47 (groupvoc.); kul.kul = ba-nu-u id SAG.DU d SAG.KUL.KUL Nabnitu I 13; [kin. ... ] = [MIN] (= [u]g-lu-rum) sd SAG.DU Izi H App. 42; sag.du.tag.tag.ga, sag.du.ti.ti.ak.a, sag.du.9u.ak.a =MIN (= se-e-ru) §a qaq-qa-di Nabnitu E 262ff.;sag.ge6.ge 6 .ga = Ra-al-ma-at qa-aq-(qa>-di SagBil. B 69; for other refs. see jalmt qaqqadi.

uh.sag. du = MIN (= kal-ma-tum) qaq-qa-di(var.-d[u]) Hh. XIV 254; [...] = [MIN (= kdn-nu) 9d

q]aq-qa-di Nabnitu XXII 40; [gi..ga.rig.s]ag.du = (mul-tu) d qaq-qa-di Hh. VI 14; [...] =ir-ri-it qaq-qa-di-e Nabnitu D a 5f.; gil.bantur.SAG.DU = (pa-aS-u-ru) §d qaq-qa-di Hh. IV 191;gil.al.sa.la = MIN (= al-[lum]) qaq-[qad], gig.al.sag.du = qaq-qa-du al-lum Hh. VIIA 153f.;giL.sag.nig.gul = qaq-qa-du aq-qul-lum ibid.250; gi.sag.apin = qa-qa-du Hh. V 135; [gi].sag.bal = qaq-qad pi-lak-ki Hh. VI 26; gig.sag.gud. si. A = qaq-qa-ad MIN (= a-u-bu) Hh.VIIA 89; na 4 .sag. UD+SAL+HlB = qaq-qa-du MIN(= al-ga-[mi]) Hh. XVI 21; a. A.sag.du = qaq-qa-du eq-lu Hh. XX Section 5:5, also MSL 11171:6'; [sag.sum. AR] = [qaq-qa-a]d fu-mi Hh.XVII 255; uzu.sag.bar.sila = qaq-qa-du MIN(= nag-la-bi) Hh. XV 66; uzu.sag.gu.mur =qaq-qa-du MIN (= ur-u-du) Hh. XV 33, cf. SAG.DUur-'u-du = [...] KBo 1 51 ii 3 (Akk.-Hitt. voc.);[si] g 7 .si.ga = qaq-qad 8i-b[u-ti] Antagal A 58.

muL.mah.ginx(oa M) sag.imin.na : §a kimamuSmahhi seba qaq-qa-da-d who has seven headslike a snake monster Angim III 38 (= 138), cf.muL. sag.imin.na : serru seba qaq-qa-da-Si Stud-ies Albright 345:16; sag.tab.me (vars. sag.maL.ma~ (?), sag.AS.ni) sag i.im.men na.nam me.ri.me 4 na.[nam] : kilallnima qd-qd-da-tu-ni 4itti Iepdni erbi the two of us, our headsare two, our feet are four SBH p. 96 No. 53:1ff.,vars. from dupls. p. 155 No. 55:28ff. and TCL16 pl. 168 No. 95:1; pi.kur.dilmun(NI.TUK.KI).ka sag.ga a ba.ni.in.[luh] : ina birti ladTilmun qaq-qa-du amsi I washed (my) head in a

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qaqqaduwell in the mountain ofTelmun ASKT p. 127:37 f.;[a s] ag si.ga : [me] ana qaq-qa-di apku topour water on the head BiOr 30 165 i 45f.; sag.zu sag.ga.na nam.ba.da.ab.x.[x] : qaq-qad-ka ana qaq-qa-di-ig la taakkan do not put yourhead on his head (addressing a demon) CT 16 11vi 5f., of. sag.ga.ni in.ra sag.gA.a.ni.~6 im.me. in. gar : qaq-qa-su imhagma ana qaq-qa-di-gdikun ibid. 16 vi 12f., also ASKT p. 90-91 ii66f., see Borger, AOAT 1 9:139f.; nam.tar l1i.sag. ga tag.[ga]. zu : namtaru 9a qaq-qad amelitalputu CT 16 33:175f.; .sag u1.ra sag.bimu.un.na. [te] : asakku ana ame7i ana qaq-qa-di-§g itfehi CT 17 9:lf.; ninda sag.ga.na mu.ni. in.gar akalu ina qaq-qa-di-sgi igkun he putbread on his head CT 17 33:12, also ibid. 17;16.Ux(GI§GAL).lu.bi sag.g[a.na] ... u.me.ni.k e §. k e6 : a ameli udtu qaq-qa-su . . . urakkishe bound the head of this man Surpu V-VI 160f.,cf. sag.li.tu.ra,kex(KID) u.me.ni.ke : qaq-qa-di margi rukusma CT 17 24 iv 236 f., also ibid.20:44f., 26:71f.; sag.lu.tu.ra.e6 §u.ug.gar.ra.mu. [db] : ina qaq-qad(var. -qa-du) marqu qdtiina ummudija when I (the exorcist) put my handon the head of the sick person CT 16 4:151f.,also CT 17 22:136; en. i.dMu.ul.lil.le mensag.e du 7 : bel napiti Enlil §a agu ina SAG.DU- Uasmu (see asdmu lex. section) Lugale IX 1;[s]ag.bi sahar nu.dul.la : 9a qaq-qad-su eperila katmu (a demon) whose head is not coveredwith dust ASKT p. 86-87 ii 11, see AOAT 16:84; dara sag.ga.ni si ba.ni.in.dib : turahuina qaq-qa-di-fi i abat he seized the ibex by itshead 5R 50 ii 46f., see Borger, JCS 21 8:69;[sag].bi gi. [erin.babbar mu.n]i.i[n.dui.di ] : ina qaq-qa-d[i-ii li]jdra ukin he fastened(twigs of) white cedar on its (the Anzu-bird's off-spring's) head Wilcke Lugalbanda 59; sag.maisag.lu. 6 ba.an.sum : qaq-qad urzii ana qaq-qad amili ittadin he gave the head of the kid forthe head of the man CT 17 37:18f. (inc.).

sag.du z i.ir : a-Ju-ug-tum qaq-qa-di CT4 3:19and dupls., see MSL 9 106; zag.sag.du.a.ni.ta kir 4 . u.si.a.ni.ta igi [ba.an.du8 .du 8 l.e.ne : itu pat qaq-qa-di-gi adi appi ubdndtilu it=tanaplasubu they inspect him thoroughly from theside of his head to the tips of his toes BiOr 30164 i llf.; sag.du gi. ellag.gur 4.ra.am mi.ni.ib.gur 4.gur 4.re.en : qaq-qa-da-a-ti kimapukki kuppututi uftanagrar (see kupputu adj.) SBHp. 108 No. 56 r. 45f. and dupl., see Landsberger,WZKM 57 23.

sag.zi ka.silim.ma . . . zag.ga.na ba.ni.in. gar : age tairihtu ... ina qaq-qa-di-Id uktin(see agi A lex. section) TCL 6 51 r. 37 f.

sag.gig lii.ra sa mu.un.gA.g4 : muru qaq-qa-di ana ameli illakinma a head ailment wasinflicted on the man CT 17 22:119f.; nig.me.

qaqqadu lagar sag.gig hu.luh.ha.bi : qilu muru qaq-qa-[di] guglitma (see galdtu mng. 3a) ibid. 127f.;sag.gig gu 4.ginx(GIM) in.du7.du 7.e.de : muru$qaq-qad kima alpi ittakkip the head ailment keptgoring like an ox CT 17 21:113f., also 115f.

mar-kas4 qaq-qa-di, ri-kis qaq-qa-di, mu-kil qaq-qa-di = pa-ar-i-[gu] An VII 230i-k; ma-ar-hu =qaq-qa-du Balkan Kassit. Stud. 4 r. 31 (Kassitevoc.).

SAG // re-eg // SAG // qaq-qa-du Lambert BWL82 comm. to line 215 (Theodicy Comm.); [e-l]iSAG.DU-ii // i-pitsAG.DU-Si CT 51 136:13 (comm.on Labat TDP 32:9).

1. head (as part of the body) - a) ofhumans, gods, and demons - 1' dis-orders and wounds: §umma . . murussuana SAG.DU-u ippuS if his illness spreadsto his head Kocher BAM 3 iii 37; ultu ka-x-ii muru SAG.DU from the ....(comes) headache Hunger Uruk 43:7 (list ofdiseases), see also murgu mng. Ic; §ummaamilu SAG.DU-Su itanakkalSu if a man'shead keeps aching BMS 12:121, cf. ana... . la akdl SAG.DU- (he wrote thetablet) in order to avoid headaches CT42 37 r. 18; §umma amilu SAG.DU-8U i,,anabbassu AMT 86,1 ii 3, also KAR 80:1,Labat TDP 22:34 and 38, Kiichler Beitr. pl. 11 iii51, AMT 64,1:4 (= Kocher BAM 494 ii 12), andpassim in med., cf. Summa ina SAG.DU-imahiq KAR 211:7; gumma ,erru SAG.DU-suumma ukdl if a baby's head is feverishLabat TDP 218:10, cf. SAG.DU-8U em hishead is hot CT 23 34:22, SAG.DU-SU Qetahamit AMT 6,9:6 (= Kocher BAM 481); SAG.DU-SU kabit his head feels heavy KocherBAM 3 ii 43; SAG.DU-8u me ukal his headcontains water ibid. 7, ibid. 480 iv 5 (= AMT2,1:4), see also ,ehu; SAG.DU-SU nuppuhhis head is swollen CT 23 33:17; Summakiadssu itarrak SAG.DU-8u imtanaqqutLabat TDP 80:12, dupl. KUB 37 87:13; SAG.DU-su ilaggum his head rings Kocher BAM3 ii 47; SAG.DU-s8 simmzmatquti SI.A.ME§(see matqu usage b) ibid. 9, also CT 23 50:7and 12, RA 53 4:22, 8:35; SAG.DU-8 gubbuhKocher BAM 3 i 54; gardhu a SAG.DU-8. . i. arhuni the fever by which his headwas affected (came from teething) ABL586:11, see Parpola LAS No. 216; umma . . .

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qaqqadu laSAG.DU-8u ig-,i-ma damn ua^ (see ei)CT 40 35:2, also ibid. 6; 6umma §erru i-pitSAG.DU-ii patrat if the .... of an in-fant's head is open Labat TDP 222:44f.,cf. Si-pit SAG.DU-ii nuhhurat Hunger Uruk40:2 (comm. on diagn. omens); ina lipti aqaq-qa-di [.. .] CT 46 49 ii 7; for specificdiseases, eczemas, etc., see a4u A s., di'u,ekketu, kibSu, kiatu, kurdru, kuraJtu,riciktu, ri~itu, sdmdnu.

2' med. treatment of the head: SAG.DU-SU tugallab tagammidma iballut youshave his head, apply a poultice, and hewill get well Kocher BAM 11:3, also AMT16,1:7, CT 23 39 i 4, Kocher BAM 494 i 37 (=AMT 1,2:12), and passim in med., see gullubumng. lb; ina m SAG.DU-su temessi youwash his head with water ibid. iii 6 (=AMT 6,5:6), also ibid. ii 46 (= AMT 64,1:38), 73(= AMT 3,5:6) and 77, CT 23 50:21, 34:24; SAG.DU-su tapal4a you anoint his head KocherBAM 3 ii 17, also ibid. 494 ii 76 (= AMT 3,5:9),CT 23 26:7, and passim in med., cf. napSaltiSAG.DU AMT 64,4:7; SAG.DU-SU teser CT23 34:23, and see Nabnitu E 262ff., in lex.section; SAG.DU-8u tuqattar you fumigatehis head CT 23 26:11; 3 umi SAG.DU-SUtaeammid you bandage his head for threedays AMT 5,1:12, also AMT 36,2 ii 2, 16,1:6,cf. Kiichler Beitr. pl. 9 ii 36, CT 23 37 iv 14,and passim in med., cf. nagmatti SAG.DU RA53 2:9 and 4:12; ina Samni SAG.DU-u tu=kaa you cool his head with oil KocherBAM 394 i 34 (= AMT 1,2:9), also ibid. ii 27(= AMT 64,1:19), AMT 65,5 r. 8, oil ana SAG.DU-ti tanaddi you put on his head AMT105 iv 9 and 13, cf. AMT 4,7:8, Kocher BAM 3 iv27, and passim in med.; lipta 3-Si ana muhhiSAG.DU-di tamannu you recite the incan-tation three times over his head CT 2334:35; INIM.INIM.MA ki-sir qa-qa(?)-diDU -ri (= patdri) ST T 72:40, 251:6, see BorgerHKL 2 93.

3' to strike, cut off, scald, etc. the head(as revenge or punishment): for refs. withnakdsu, see nakdsu mngs. 2a and 6a, seealso niksu mng. 3d, naksu usage c; kma

qaqqadu lakarpitim ha-<dp>-e-tim qd-qd-si ihappi(the demon) will break his head like abroken pot Belleten 14 226:42 (Iriium); lutirahha ERfN.I ... UZU.SAG.DU ajabi4ulet the troops (of the king, my lord) shatterthe heads of his enemies EA 141:33 (let.from Beirut); Lamatu's third name is patruga SAG.DU ilattu sword that splits thehead 4R Add. p. 10 to pl. 56 i 3 and dupls.(Lamattu); ne-'-ir SAG.DU mdhi muhhiHunger Uruk 40:6; SAG.DU.MEE - i-nu inagupni a ade e'il (see gapnumng. Ib) AKA308 ii 43 (Asn.); asztu a SAG.DU.ME inaput dlilu argip I stacked a pile of headsin front of his city 3R 7 i 16, and passimin Shalm. III and Asn., see asitu mng. 2;k Sa SAG.DU a hurdpi anniu qat[ipuni... SAG.D]U a PN lu qatip as the headof this spring lamb is cut off, so may thehead of PN be cut off (if he breaks thetreaty) AfO 8 24 i 26, also ibid. 22ff.; the bodyof PN adi SAG.DU kizlu together withthe head of his attendant Streck Asb. 60vii 41; SAG.DU fa bet hitti a issiu iz[zi=zuni] the head of the criminal who stoodthere with him ZA 51 134:20 (NA); qzraana SAG.DU-a itabbuku they will pourbitumen on her head (as punishment)KAV 1 v 76 (Ass. Code § 40), see also kapdruA mng. 4.

4' pouring oil over the head in legalceremonies: gamna qd-qd-si-nu pai6their (the buyer's and seller's) heads areanointed with oil JCS 9 92 No. 59:10 (OB);altapak i.GI§ ana SAG.DU-6a u uzakkfcaI poured oil on her (the slave girl's) headand (thus) freed her Syria 18 253 RS 8.208:8;note iguld ana SAG.DU-u tatabbak youpour fine oil over its (the figurine's) head(and give it in marriage to a piglet) KAR66:10 (rit.); umma a'Zu lu amna anaSAG.DU itbuk if a man either pours oilon the head (of a girl) (or brings dishesof food for the wedding banquet) KAV1 vi 19 (Ass. Code § 43), also ibid. 15 (§ 42);[ki ... I.GI]§.ME§ [ana qa] -aq-qa-ti-laittab[ku] when he poured oil on her head

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qaqqadu laEA 29:23 (let. ofTuhratta), cf. 1.MES ana SAG.DU-Su ilkunu EA 51:6; ina ?mi 1.SAGDoTG.GA ana SAG.DU DUMU.[SAL] it[buku]KUB 3 24+ :5 (let.); in rit. context: tabaki[§amni] Sa SAG.DU ina libbi la t(b (thehouse) is not a suitable place for pouringoil on the head ABL 378:21, see Parpola LASNo. 195; see also habannatu usage a.

5' other symbolic gestures: SAG.DUassinni lilput ajdbi6u ika4Sad (see assinnuusage b) CT 4 6 Bu. 88-5-12,11 r. 14, see KB6/2 46; for qaqqada lapdtu see lapdtu mng.lb-1'.

6' headgear and clothing for the head:Sin ina muhhi 'ibirri kammus 2 age inaSAG.DU-gi [. . .] (see kamasu A mng. 4c)ABL 923:12 (report on a dream); see also agqiAmng. 1a-2'd', kulilu mng. la; lu uddu6parsigu a qaq-qa-di-u (var. SAG.DU-6g)let the band on his head be new Gilg.XI 242, also 251, of. TUG.BAR.SI §a qd-qd-adDN TCL 11 245:14 (OB); until the eclipseclears nige mati $ubdt SAG.DU-ii-nUina M ina lubdra4unu SAG.DU-su-nukatmu (see lubdru mng. lg-2) BRM 46:21, also ibid. 44, and see katamu lex. sec-tion and mngs. la, 5a; TUG tapsi SAG.DU-su apir his head is covered with atapszi headdress UVB 15 40:7 (rit.), also ibid.13, cf. taps ina SAG.D[U ... ] BBR No.70:6; see also maginnu; i'-pu-ur ka-aq-qd-as-sd 6absutam ipu6 she covered herhead and performed the midwifery Lam-bert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 284, cf. a-par 6dSAG.DU BRM 4 32:4 (med. comm.); kall2SAG.DU-su ipattar the lamentation priestuncovers his head KAR 60:17, TuL p. 110:7;qaq-qa-da-a ki ipturu ina kudurra §a tik=kulu ihtaqqanni (see kudurru D) YOS 7128:17; nigu gabbi SAG.DU-su-nu DUg.ME§all the people uncovered their heads BHTpl. 14 iii 24 (Nbn. Chron.), cf. ipatfaru SAG.DU-su-nu izakkaru mdmit they bare theirheads and swear an oath BHT pi. 9 v 26(Nbn. Verse Account), of. SAG.BI DU 8 youuncover its (the figurine's) head KAR 178r. vi 40 (hemer.); harimtu la tuptarqan SAG.

qaqqadu laDU-sa pattu a prostitute may not veilherself, her head is (to be) uncovered KAV1 v 67 (Ass. Code § 40), cf. ibid. 64; kubdu Saina SAG.DU-id aknu a PN ai the capwhich is placed on my head is that ofPN ABL 326 r. 7, cf. ibid. 9 (NB); for kubu6qaqqadi see kublu mng. Ic.

7' descriptions: 6ummasinnituulidmaSAG.DU nigi gakin if a woman gives birthand (the child) has a lion's head LeichtyIzbu II 1, and passim in similar expressions in thistablet, also if a woman gives birth totwins and qaq-qa(q) -da-tux(D) -u-nutibuta Labat Suse 9 r. 37; SAG.DU-S8 SAG.DU nevi her (Lamagtu's) head is the headof a lion 4R 58 iii 38; gedu(?) lemnu SAG.DU qate §a LU.ME§ the evil gedu withhuman head and hands ZA 43 16:44, cf.ibid. 46, 17:49 (SB lit.); SAG.DU SAG.DU Q$rithe head is a snake head MIO 1 72 ii 52(descriptions of representations of demons), andpassim in similar expressions in this text, alsoSAG.DU arkatu sisU ibid. 76 iv 49.

8' hair on the head: sissikti qubdtiuu itqam §a qa-qa-di-u ana ~er beTija ugtd:bilam I sent (a piece of) the fringe ofhis garment and a lock from his head tomy lord ARMT 13 112 r. 13'; choose beau-tiful weaver women §a itu quprim adigdrtim Sa qa-qa-di-im ummanam la i6dwho have no .... from top to toe (lit.from toenail to the hair of the head) ARM10 126:14; umma amilu . . . rat SAG.DU-

ci iiahhuh if a man's hair falls out KocherBAM 3 ii 27, also CT 23 32:8, AMT 3,2:6 (=Kocher BAM 499 ii 7), cf. drat SAG.DU sinniiti kale (incantation) to keep a woman'shair (from falling out) AMT 3,2: 15; [ummaperet SA]G.DU-gi zuqqupat if the hair ofhis head stands straight up Labat TDP30:101, cf. ibid. 102ff., also Syria 33 125 r. 5,of. Idrat SAG.DU-6 GUB.GUB-Z CT 2328:26; peret SAG.DU- sdmat the hairof her head is red Hunger Uruk 40:7; ummatzranu ina SAG.DU amil imitta sahru ifthe whorl of hair on a man's head iscurled to the right Kraus Texte 1 r. 7 and

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qaqqadu la2a:1; gdrat SAG.DU-Si a ina 6umeliu abithe held his hair with his left hand ZA43 16:42 (SB lit.); amzlutu eli Adrat SAG.DU-8i anni a ... [ma]'da man's sins aremore numerous than the hairs on his headJNES 33 284:6; obscure: ga adrat SAG.DU-Id ma-ku-tum ri-ib AfO 24 83:2 (comm. on

Labat TDP); eumma uruh SAG.DU-id ber(see beru C adj.) Labat TDP 20:18ff.; seealso Sibtu "grey hair"; (a slave girl) qa-qa-sa kazir her head is coiffed Iraq 4192 TR 2083A+ :20 (NA); 5 GA.RIG SAG.DUGI§.KU five combs made of boxwood forthe head CT 47 83:11, cf. 3 GI§.GA.RfGSAG.DU BE 6/1 84:25 (both OB dowry lists);see also Hh. VI 14, in lex. section.

9' in figurative use: attama illa inamuh qa-qa-di-ia taakkan you extendprotection over me PBS 1/2 35:20 (MB let.);hattu Sa ili u Sarri ina qa-aq-qa-di-4ulilMakin (see hattu A usage a) MDP 24381:17, also MDP 23 282:26, 322:13, MDP 24338:14, MDP 22 16:29; ilSu u itaru inaSAG.DU-i ana uzuzzi that his god andgoddess stand by him Kocher BAM 445:8,cf. the evil portended by a bird §a inaSAG.DU ameli izzizu AnBi 12 285:66 and 68(namburbi); Anu Enlil u Ea Sa ina SAG.DU§a Sarri belija kun-nu-ni Anu, Enlil, andEa, who are constantly present with theking, my lord ABL 1285 r. 26 (NA); PN aMarduk SAG.DU-s8 ana dd[ki lid]dinu PNwhose head Marduk should mark fordeath ABL 791:5 (NB); referring to an army:[mnu] ... qd-qd-ad ummdnim idti imhaquna when he smote the head of thatarmy Speleers Recueil 4 ii 4, cf. mdthi qd-qd-ad ummdn GN CT 21 1 BM 91084:10 (bothOAkk.), and see mahdqu mng. lb-4', mihiSAG.DU (nakri) Labat Suse 6 i 6 and 33, andsee mihsu mng. 5a; uncert.: ussahhir qaq-[q]a-du (var. SAG.DU) bint ameluiti (thefever) turned back the .... of humanbeings AfO 23 43:22 (fire inc.); Summa laqd-qi-di-kd if you are not too personallyinvolved TCL 4 18:5 (OA let.); ,a-lam SAG.ME§ Lambert BWL 162:10 (MA), parallel

qaqqadu laga-al-ma-at qa-qa-di ibid. 155:5 (OB); forother refs. see salmdt qaqqadi.

10' other occs.: ina qd-qd-di-im ziSdrum wind, depart from the head (fol-lowed by ina inim, etc.) Iraq 6 184:4 (OBinc.); [qd-qd-a] d-ki tetend you leaned yourhead (on me) JCS 15 9 iv 20 (OB lit.); seealso na4i v. mng. Id-1'; qd-qd-ad-ka lumesi let your head be washed Gilg. M. iii11 (OB); ikun qaq-qad-s[u] (var. SAG.DU-[su]) ina mu[hhi u] Sadd igpuk (Marduk)set her (Tiamat's) head in place, he pileda mountain on top of it En. el. V 53; [ia]mdse qaq-qa-da-[te] iqabbiu those whowash heads say ABL 669:11, see ParpolaLAS No. 270; see also hardru B usage b,cf. epra ina SAG.DU-Si liddi AMT 90,1:14(= Kocher BAM 449 ii 14); qa-qa-su iqqabbirits (the child's) head will have to be buriedARM 6 37 r. 9'; Enlil SAG.DU.MU DN is myhead Maqlu VI 1, also VII 50, IX 99, LBAT1601 r. 9, cf. dfD SAG.DU.MU Maqlu VI 98and 101, IX 113; SAG.DU-ka dIM a gamuergeti kima kilkatte [...] your head isAdad, who [...] heaven and earth likea smith KAR 102:22; kudurru ina SAG.DU-ia(var. -ia) aggima ugazbil ramani (see kudurru B mng. la) Borger Esarh. 20 Ep.21:15, cf. VAB 4 62 ii 67 (Nabopolassar); Summasuluppina SAG.DU-zi nai if (in a dream)he carries dates on his head Dream-book331 ii 13, cf. ibid. 14ff.; hah . . . amahhahatabbak ana SAG.DU raggati Simtiki (seemahdhu mng. lc-2) Maqlu III 117, cf. IX 51;meh dannu SAG.DU ut-ti-ik PBS 1/1 14:7;ikammam ana Ea unali SAG.DU-[U] (seeqaqqaru mng. la-1') En. el. II 87; SummaUR.ME ana muhhi SAG.DU amii Fi if amoth climbs onto a man's head CT 38 44 BM30427:5 (SB Alu); Summa zuqaqipu qabalSAG.DU- i RA-SU if a scorpion stings himon the middle of his head CT 40 27 K.3974+r. 8 (SB Alu); ki . .. kudurra G1o-id ultuSAG.DU-id iM 2 (see kudurru D) YOS 761:7; ultu SAG.DU-Id adi kibis Iepeu fromhis head to his soles (he gave him a soundbeating) STT 38:102, 134, 155, see AnSt 6

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qaqqadu Ib154f. (Poor Man of Nippur); ultu SAG.DU-iadi GIR"- 4 i dlnu ... li-hi-[ib] shall hepurify his body from head to foot?K.4721:10 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert).

b) of animals - 1' in lit.: see 5R 50,Wilcke Lugalbanda, CT 17 37, in lex. section.

2' in med. and rit.: SAG.DU kairitaqallu (see ka$fru D) AMT 74 ii 22, dupl.Kocher BAM 124 ii 49; SAG.DU (var. SAG)kurki ... tapd4 you crush the head of agoose (and other ingredients) AMT 42,5:14,var. from Kocher BAM 473 i 20, also AMT 92,6:4,Kocher BAM 398 r. 40; SAG.DU- 6 tanakkisyou cut off its head (that of a male iugrhurri) Biggs Saziga 54 i 12 (Bogh.), also ibid. 60KUB 37 80:5, 26:10, CT 23 35:38, AMT 76,6:10;see also arabi, dribu mng. Ic, and passimin prescriptions with different animals;SAG.DU.ME§ ana pani Marduk iSakkunuthey put the (sacrificial sheep's) heads infront of Marduk ZA 50 194:22 (MA rit.);UZU.SAG.DU u kursinndti ... tanaKi youlift up the head and the fetlocks Or. NS40 142 r. 9, also ibid. 13, 141:31, 46; SAG.DUibattuqu they cut off the head (of the kid)KAR 33:17, also RAcc. 140:353, 133:214, cf.SAG.DU immeri tanakkis BBR No. 84:6;EN diki u SAG.DU anne (see diku adj.usage b) BBR No. 100 r. 45, also ibid. 101:3;SAG.DU a immeri ina pani4u [i4akkan]RAcc. 91 r. 1, cf. kardna ana muhhi SAG.DUimmeri ireddi he pours wine on the sheep'shead ibid. r. 3, 90:33, cf. LKA 114:11, see Or.NS 34 126 (namburbi); puhdda annd iltu reiana qanni qaq-qa-di u zibbati this sheepfrom the head to the edge(?) of the headand the tail IM 67692:229 (tamitu, courtesyW. G. Lambert).

3' in omens - a' in gen.: ummaSAG.DU eri amilu ikbus if a man stepson the head of a snake KAR 386:12, alsoibid. 3 and 14; Summa . .. Qeru i~tu hurriSAG.DU-u uS~izma if a snake pokes itshead out of a hole KAR 384:20, cf. CT 4021:12; Summa ieru 2 SAG.DU.ME -Si innasmir if a snake with two heads is seen

qaqqadu lbCT 40 24 K.6294:3, also, WT. SAG.ME-~ ibid.23:32ff., also (said of lizards) KAR 382:2ff. (allSB Alu); umma martum qd-qd-ad gerimubdnum qd-qd-ad erbim ibtani (see erbuusage a) YOS 10 31 xii 46 and 48 (OB ext.);Summa ubdnu kima SAG.DU neSi if the"finger" looks like the head of a lion Bois-sier Choix 44:2 (SB ext.), and passim in this text;if water looks kima SAG.DU nefi CT 3821:79, and passim (with various animals) in thistext (SB Alu); if the oil kima SAG.DU GUDKAR 151 r. 40; GI.DTD.A ... teSerrim ...SAG.DU-nu-u -4d ana libbi tanaddi youcut off (a seven-finger length of) a reedmat, you put (a live lizard) into it headfirst Kocher BAM 147 r. 24, dupl. 148 r. 26;§umma SAG.DU hulami4i akin if he has achameleon's head CT 28 10 K.9222:1 (phy-siogn.), with comm. Hunger Uruk 83:1, and passimin this text.

b' in Izbu: if a ewe gives birth to fivelambs 1 SAG.DU GUD /I LJ 1 SAG.DUUR.MAH 1 SAG.DU UR.BAR.RA 1 SAG.DUUR.KU I/ SAH 1 SAG.DU UDU.NITA GAR.ME§ and one has the head of a bull,variant: man, one the head of a lion, onethe head of a wolf, one the head of a dog,variant: pig, one the head of a sheepLeichty Izbu VI 53; Summa izbu SAG.DU neiiakin if a malformed lamb has the head

of a lion ibid. VII Iff., and passim withother animals in this tablet; if a ewe givesbirth to a lion SAG.DU GUD Sakin and ithas the head of a bull ibid. V 42, also 43ff.,65, 87, cf. SAG.DU-8U SAG.DU si88 ibid. 88,cf. ibid. XVII 76, XX 9ff., XXI 11; Summa izbu2 -ma .. kiSdssunu su-hur-ma SAG.DU-sU-nu 1-ma if there are two malformedlambs, and their necks are turned aroundbut they have only one head ibid. VI 17,cf. SAG.DU.ME §-6u-nU itlupama theirheads are grown together ibid. 19, cf. ibid.20ff.; [Summa] izbu 4innodu ina muhhi SAG.DU-Sid .MES if the teeth of a malformedanimal protrude from the top of its headibid. VII 68; Summa izbum qd-qd-as-sukajdnum Jakinma u anm ina imittim

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qaqqadu lcakin if a malformed animal has a normal

head but a second one lies on the rightside YOS 10 56 ii 11, cf. ibid. 35, iii 21 (OB).

4' in econ. as cut of meat: 20 SAG.DU twenty (sheep) heads Pinches Peek22:20 (NB let.); UZU SAG.DU OECT 1 pl.20:13, coll. Or. NS 13 228; 1 SAG.DU alpiSAG.DU immeri eim isqilu one ox headand one sheep head, (sale) price of hisprebend Peiser Vertrage 96:8 + 123:5 (NB).

5' other occs.: he threw him into prisonAN§E.HI.A-4i qd-qd-dam imtahaq andmarked(?) his donkeys on the head (cf.§imtam tatakan line 74) TIM 2 16:72 (OBlet.).

6' in personal names: Qa-aq-qa-di-zi-bi Jackal-Head MDP 24 394:12, cf. Qa-aq-qa-du-um ibid. 346 r. 1, wr. Ka-aq-qa-du MDP 23 224:32, Ka-aq-qd-du YOS 13349:3f. and seal A.

c) of statues and figurines: SAG.DU$almi Sdu uddi ma uaklil he completelyrestored the head of that statue AfO22 5 iv 34, cf. meali SAG.DU.ME§-fi nestma(see nesH adj. mng. lb-3) ibid. iii 31(Nbn.); er er ina SAG.DU-[i -nu raks]u(see eru) KAR 298:23, also ibid. 30 and 39;6amna ana SAG.[DU] - i tanaddi you pouroil over its (the dog figurine's) head KAR64:15 (namburbi), see Or. NS 36 2, cf. BBR No.48:14.

d) mask, bust: SAG.DU nei tallakkuana ekalli ubbulu they bring the "lion'shead" and the tallakku to the "palace"ABL 366: 11 (NA); aridt hurdhi §a... SAG.JDUkalbi nadrute $urruSin a$cnimma (seearitu A mng. la-2) TCL 3 371, also ibid.379 (Sar.); qa-qa-da-at nesim (as orna-ments) ARMT 13 55:5, also 15; 1 SAG.DUpuhlu Wiseman Alalakh 390:6, also ibid. 4and 10; SAG.DU urme head of a buckADD 1041 r. 3; 1 SAG.DU t-si ZA.GiN ADD937 ii 7; 13 SAG.DU.ME§ burhi (see burhiusage b) AfO 18 304 ii 5 (MA inv.), cf. (inbroken context) ina SAG.DU umame Sa

qaqqadu 2btdmti van Driel Cult of AgAur 102 x 49; SAG.DU pazuzdni Paziizu demon masks ABL1245 r. 4 (NA).

e) said of constellations and stars:Jumma Dilbat ina napdahia SAG.DU eaknatif Venus when rising has a "head" (op-posite: EGIR) ACh Supp. 34:20, also ibid.53:19, and passim in Venus omens in Enuma AnuEnlil; Mars issu libbi SAG.DU MUL.UR.GU.LA issuhur turned back from inside thehead of Leo ABL 519 r. 4 (NA); MUL.tZ //SAG.DU MUL.SUHUR.MAH.KU 6 the Goatstar is the head of Capricorn ACh Ihtar6:22; if Jupiter ana SAG.DU MUL.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA i-ta-nun-ma [...] .... to thehead of Orion VAT 9818:8 (unpub. EnumaAnu Enlil).

2. person, self -a) in OAkk., OA,OB: qd-qd-sd ana 9AM iddin she soldherself (into slavery) Yondorf a (unpub.OAkk.), cited MAD 3 226; abuni ana qd-qi-di-8a iplahma our father became afraidfor himself (text: herself) ICK 1 1:57, cf.ana qd-qd-da-ti-ni niplahmin we wouldhave become afraid for ourselves KTHahn 14:34, cf. also ana qd-qi-di-a e aplahCCT 1 50:14; give the tin and the textilesana tamkdrim kinim a kima qd-qi-di-ku-nu to a reliable merchant who is(as reliable) as yourselves CCT 5 5a:20and 14, also BIN 4 25:14, ier tamkdrikinitim Sa kima qd-qi-di-ku-nu KTS 28:17,also CCT 2 4a:16 and 4b:12, cf. iMten inauhdrika Sa ki q[d-q]i-di-kd Kienast ATHE

62:42, note 6umma tamkdrum la a kimaqd-qi-di-ku-<nu> TCL 19 21:34; ana Sakima qd-qi-di-kad upurma write to yourrepresentative CCT 2 43:8; i4teniA 6 qd-qd-da-ti ina GN ... ubu all togethersix persons were staying in GN OIP27 49a:6, cf. Bilgic, Anatolia 8 148ff. No. 17,No. 2:5, 21f., 25, 28ff. (all OA); note ilumbdni qd-aq-qd-di-ia (see bdni A mng.la-1'b') RA 11 94 ii 19 (Kudur-Mabuk).

b) in peripheral texts - 1' in Bogh.:kme amli SAG.DU-SUi mcssu inaggar u

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qaqqadu 3§a RN madsu SAG.DU-8 . .. inagqar asthe Sun watches over himself and his land,so will he also watch over the land andthe person of Auna§§ura KBo 1 5 i 50f.,56f., and passim in Bogh., see Labat L'Akkadien184; note: zI-ka SAG.DU-ka .. . ZI LUGALSAG.DU LUGAL (in broken context) KUB3 19:6f.; ana SAG.DU belihu ippallad heis attentive to (lit. looks at) his lord MIO1 114:6, also 14 and 16 (Bogh. treaty); total48 SAG.DU.ME§ 48 persons KUB 4 33:1.

2' in RS: [RN ni ildni] annuti qaduSAG.DU-§U aAMatiu mdri4u ... lisuruSuby these (listed) gods, may they protectRN, himself, his wives, his sons (etc.)MRS 9 87 RS 17.338 r. 12, dupl. ibid. 90 RS17.353 r. 16, note ramanka SAG.DU-ka aS=[dtuka] ... ra[man §arri] SAG.DU Sarri

ibid. 86 RS 17.338:6, see UF 6 96 and 118.

3' in Alalakh: seven years (later)Adad ana SAG.Du-ia itturu Adad turnedhis favor toward me Smith Idrimi 30.

4' inEA: [ana 'a]rriEN-[ia] DINGIR.ME§ 5a SAG.D[U-ia] qibima say to theking, my lord, my personal god EA 198:2;UGU SAG.DU-ia mamman §a ittablu anadldni Hrozny Ta'annek 2:15 (coll. E. I. Gordon).

3. head of an organization, leader:ina dlika ka-qa-ad kdrim [.. .] attama youare the head of the merchant communityin your city Kraus AbB 1 36:19; dajdnu §aLarsa u LJ.ME§ qd-aq-qd-da-at dlim anabit ilim Izrubuma let the judges and theleaders of the city enter the temple Spe-leers Recueil 262:8 (OB let.); 2 metim ,dbumqa-qa-da-a[t] GNu GN2 [ip]hurunimma twohundred men, important people from GNand GN 2, gathered ARM 3 75:9, cf. LU.ME§qa-qa-da-tum §a mdtam annitam idluhuthe leaders who caused a disturbance inthis land ARM 5 2 r. 5; obscure: anummaqa-qa-da-tim 6a bu-su-ur(-) [(x) ]-tim a[na]qe[r .. .] uStdbil OBT Tell Rimah 15 r. 2; qd-qd-ad kirim 6udti itu durimma PN-masince olden times PN has been the personresponsible for this orchard Kraus, AbB 5

qaqqadu 4b219 r. 6; ana SAG.DU.ME§ ma ma rekunubilani (the king said) to the leaders:Bring your sons to me (to serve at thecourt) ABL 2 r. 8, see Parpola LAS No. 121;$idundja L.SAG.DU.MES-te la issi mararri belija ina GN illiku the leaders of

Sidon neither went with the crown prince,my lord, to Calah (nor are they in at-tendance at Nineveh) ABL 175:7; urdadnika . .. LU.SAG.DU.ME§ Sa URU.A.URUyour servants, the leaders of the city ofAssur ABL 1238:3 (all NA); PN LU.SAG.DU[...] PRT 113 r. 8; [PN] ... ina SAG.DU-Su-nu altapar I put PNat their (the troops')head VAB 3 55 § 50:86 (Dar.); obscure:GN SAG.DU-ad LUJ.ME§-§u-nu irtub itabsbula KBo 10 1:28, see Melchert, JNES 37 15.

4. top, top part - a) of parts of thebody: Summa §E ina SAG.DU appiu 6akinif there is a mole on the top of his noseKraus Texte 44:24 (physiogn.); idid KA qatanSAG.DU KA rabi the base of the nose isthin, the top of the nose is big (explaining"if a newborn sheep has a face of Hu-wawa") Izbu Comm. 191; there was pusammar SAG.DU ubdni ,eherte as much asthe tip of (one's) little finger ABL 392r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 254; [u]mma inaqd-qd-ad kurit kappim §a imittim sumumnadi if there is a red spot at the topof the (main) bone of the right wing YOS10 52 iii 18, dupl. 51 iii 19, also RA 61 26:1;Summa ina qd-qd-ad MU§EN ... sumumnadima if there is a red spot on the"head" of the "bird" YOS 10 51 i 23, dupl.52 i 22; r[qd-qd-ad zil (in broken context)ibid. 45:35 (all OB ext.); 6umma kaskasu 2 SAG.DU.ME§-Aiu (see kaskasu mng. Ic) KAR423 i 17; Summa SAG.DU.ME§ GAR-ma SIG5

TCL 6 5 r. 23 (both SB ext.); 4 SAG.DU GABA.ME§ ADD 760:5, etc., see irtu mng. lb-3';see also qaqqad naglabi, ur'udi Hh. XV 66,33, KBo 1 51, in lex. section.

b) of tools, instruments, furniture, etc.- 1' in gen.: (nails) Sa SAG.DU.ME§-Ju-nu K1t.GI with gold heads AfO 18306 iii 8 (MA inv.); Summa martum ressa kima

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qaqqadu 4bqd-qd-ad akkullim if the head of the gallbladder is like the top of an akkullu toolYOS 10 28:3 (OB ext.), also CT 28 46 K.8100:7,CT 31 26 r. 3, BRM 4 13:48 (all SB ext.), seeakkullu usage c; see also allu qaqqad, qaqqadu allu Hh. VIIA 153f., in lex. section;1 GI§ qa-qa-ad epinnim one posteriorpart of the beam of a plow UCP 10 141No. 70:3 (list of implements), cf. 1 GIM.SAG.APIN Aro Kleidertexte 35 HS 188:11 (MB?);if a man's head kima SAG.DU (var. SAG)epinni nadi Kraus Texte 2a r. 25, var. fromr. 35, see MVAG 40/2 92:160; tin and copperana qa-qa-ad jalibim TUR balil alloyedfor a small battering ram head RA 64 25No. 7:5 (Mari); see also Hh. VIIA 89, in lex.section; 1 paSuru SAG.DU burdlu onetable with a top of juniper wood PetschowMB Rechtsurkunden No. 4:1, cf. 1 pa~uiruSAG.DU a GI§.§INIG TCL 11 174 r. 12, alsoSa SAG.DU-SU (var. ka-aq-qd-as-s) GIA.MES CT 2 1:5, var. from ibid. 6:6, 1 GI§.BANAUR qd-qd-di-im a GIA.MES.MA.GAN(!).NA TLB 1 229:17, 1 GI§.BAN§UR

a SAG.DU GI§.MES RA 73 68 AO 4651:2,1 GI§ pa-au-ru SAG.DU JCS 11 35 No. 26:1,BE 6/1 84:22, 101:10, BE 6/2 26 iii 20, PSBA33 pl. 29:10, but cf. 1 GIb pa--u-ur SAG§a elammakki ARM 9 20:31, cf. CT 6 25b:20,(§a bufumti) ibid. 33, also Scheil Sippar 64:1(all OB), 4 GI§.BAN§UR.ME§ SAG.DU82-7-14,1101:5 (NB); 90000 SAG.DU paSlurerabti STT 41:21 (let. of Gilg.), see AnSt 7 128;see also Hh. IV 191, in lex. section; NA 4.AN.ZA.GUL.ME ina muhhi SAG.DU amaria erdi imarruqu (see amaru B) ZA 45

42:26 (NA rit.), cf. SAG.DU amardte CraigABRT 1 78:19 (NA), see Iraq 12 40; 4 SAG.DUkabli AN.TA PBS 8/2 194 iii 9, cf. SAG qd-qd-ad karri a kabli kaspu hummug (seekablu usage a) ibid. 19 (OB); qd-qd-da-atdudindtim top parts of pectorals (inbroken context) BIN 6 179:23 (OA), and seedudittu usage e; 2 a regi SAG.DU Sa NA 4two head rests (?) with glass tops EA14 iii 68, also ibid. 69 (list of gifts from Egypt);gold for 4 SAG.DU.ME S a ippdti Sumer9 34 ff. No. 4:6 (MB inv.), and passim in this text;

qaqqadu 4c1 GI§.MA SAG.DU-sU Sa kaspi (the kingbrought from GN) one boat with a silvertop KBo 10 1 r. 9, cf. (in obscure context)ina SAG.DU elippeti CT 22 74:16 (NB let.).

2' spindle whorl: 1 §uMi SAG.DU pi .lakki 30 §a bini 30 §a musukkanni sixtyspindle whorls, thirty of tamarisk andthirty of musukkannu wood KAR 223:2,cf. ibid. 6, AMT 46,1 i 24; Jumma §ulmu kimaSAG.DU pilakki if the ulmu mark lookslike a spindle whorl TCL 6 3:31, and passimin ext., see pilakku; NA 4 SAG.DU GI§.BAL(in list of stone charms) Kocher BAM 372iii 4.

3' arrowhead: 50 SAG.DU KAK.v.TAG.GA fifty arrowheads KAJ 310 r. 59, also,wr. SAG.DU li--ta-hi VAS 19 63:1 (both MA);silver to the ackdpu ana SAG.DU filtahu82-7-14,1459:4 (NB); 7 ,iltdhi SAG.DU par:zilli seven arrows with iron heads (usedin rit.) LKA 120:8, also (with bronze and woodheads) ibid. 8f., see Or. 39 142 (namburbi).

c) of topographical features: kddu aPN fa ina SAG.DU mi ir u[Su]zzu (seekddu mng. 1b-1') ABL 210 r. 12; field ultuqaq-qa-du Bit Zabunu adi humeldti fromthe border of GN to the .... BIN 1 159:1,cf. SAG.DU alu (see alu A mng. 2b) BE8 132:4 (all NB); 6 bur qa-qa-ad eqlini PNu tappuu ikimunidti PN and his colleagueshave taken six bur of the best part(?)of our field away from us TCL 7 37:7, alsoibid. 13 (OB); qd-qd-dam a 6ept U.SAL Satepuu lipu6 let him work the top of thelower u4allu field which you have beenworking TLB 4 2:46 (OB let.); qd-aq-qd-da-at eqleti a ina mer[eli] la iml the upperparts(?) of the fields which had not beenfilled (with water) at (the time of) cultiva-tion BE 17 66:9 (MB let.); see also gullubumng. 4; ina qa-aq-qa-ad bz~t qa-ri-e(read-ti?) iddin he gave (barley) at the side (?)of the storehouse RA 23 156 No. 55:2 (Nuzi);adi mule qa-qa-ad dlim eperu la ikuduas long as the earthen ramp did notreach the height of the top of the city

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qaqqadu 4d(wall) (he did not conquer it) ARM1 4:10, cf. iMtu eperu qa-qa-ad dlim ik=Sudu clam 6dti i abat ibid. 15; ina SAG.DU igdr on top of the wall TMB 77 No.153:1 (OB); btu a SAG.DU giru Dar. 64:1,and see gilru B mng. Ib; uncert.: tex-tiles ina SAG.DU KA.GAL HSS 15 249:10;6iddum pitum u ka-aq-qa-du mina GARwhat is the length, width, and top (of thegrain pile)? MDP 34 84:2, also ibid. 14.

d) top of a tree, fruit, pod of a plant:ina lumun 6ubulti a 2 SAG.DU.ME -uagainst the evil (portended) by an ear ofbarley with two heads CT 41 23 ii 8; Summaina libbi eqli §ubultu a 2 SAG.DU.ME§-§6innamir if an ear of barley with twoheads appears in a field CT 39 5:49; kimaSAG.DU kukri ana abhmel la iqarribu (seekukru usage c) Maqlu VI 65, see AfO 21 77;,umma gilimmaru 2 SAG.DU.ME GAR if adate palm has two tops CT 40 44 80-7-19,92+:24ff., and passim in Alu, see LandsbergerDate Palm 12, cf. gisimmaru Sa 6 SAG.DU.ME -ui ittanmar a date palm with sixtops was seen CT 29 48:8 (SB list of prod-igies), and dupl., see AfO 16 262; SAG.DU.ME§GI§.ME§ AfO 18 304 ii 25 (MA inv.); [GiR].UGA Ad 7 SAG.DU.ME§-O crow's foot withseven heads CT 14 10 i 7 (Uruanna), cf. Sepdribi a 7 SAG.DU.ME§-SU AMT 79,1:21,78,2:6, also 88,2:9, haiitu Sa 7 SAG.DU.ME§-§d AMT 105:4, cf. AMT 79,2:11, and seehacutu B.

5. beginning (of time spans): kizma iituka-qd-ad ebiri 6e'am la iSi (do you notknow) that since the beginning of har-vest time I have not had any barley?Kraus AbB 1 89:5; SAG.DU ITI §i it is thebeginning of the month ABL 78 r. 2, alsoABL 352:14, see Parpola LAS No. 44, also ABL330:7, 492:4, 726:6; ina SAG.DU ii eli SaMN at the beginning of the new god (i.e.,moon) of MN RA 65 85:4, also ADD 53:3,57:5, 105:5, ABL 544 r. 7, Iraq 16 41 ND 2319:6,Tell Halaf No. 111: 1, umu ellu ki SAG.DU ITI-ma ABL 354:16 (all NA).

qaqqadu 6b6. original amount, principal - a) in

OB: qd-qd-ad kaspim ana tamkdrim utdrhe will return the original amount of silverto the merchant CH § 102:22; ana UD.10.KAM qd-aq-qd-ad kaspim ippalukiwithin ten days they will repay you theoriginal amount of the silver PBS 7 38:13;Sa 16(?) liqil kaspim gibtum ana ka-qd-diiturma the interest on 16 (?) shekels ofsilver was recapitalized TCL 18 147:20;qaq-ka-di kaspim u a requ suranim writeme what the original amount of silver wasand what is missing(?) VAS 16 88:8, seeFrankena, AbB 6 88; 1 GIN KUT.BABBAR SAG.DU A.rGAR1 me-re-,um 9A x x x a E.GALGrant Smith College 262:1; if a merchantgibdtim ana SAG.DU uftehhi adds the in-terest to the principal PBS 5 93 ii 5 (CH§ 92), in Driver and Miles Babylonian Laws 2 40§ 0; ulu ki ma ,ibtam u abu uluma kimaqa-aq-qa-da-am-ma ina eburim utarru(see gibtu A mng. lb-3) ARM 2 81:18, cf.ibid. 35; x barley SAG.B[I] TCL 11 213:1,wr. SAG ibid. 211:1; SAG KU I.LA.E UET5 345:18; 4 GUR §E S[AG] X GIN KU.BABBARSAG 3 UDU.X.HI.A SAG Jean gumer et Akkad214: 1ff., also (var. SE.HAR.RA on tablet) CT 472a:3, and passim in loans; note, wr. SAGXDUJCS 9 63 No. 11:1, 13:1; NfG.AID X AE GURSAG.DU Sa MU ... accounting for x bar-ley, principal from the (named) year Riftin89:1; kanikam ana qd-qd-ad uhinni izibissue a sealed document about the originalamount of unripe dates TCL 1 30:33; notereferring to persons: PN qd-qd-ad redim aPN2 tahhalu PN, the actual soldier, whosesubstitute is PN2 JCS 7 92 No. 19:1, also 93No. 21:2, 94 No. 22:1, see Landsberger, JCS 9 122n. 9.

b) in peripheral texts: x kaspu SAG.DUa PN eli PN2 x silver, the principal, which

PN2 owes PN Wiseman Alalakh 26:1, cf. ibid.27:1, 28:6 and 13; mala a ihalliqu SAG.DU-u-nu-ma umalli2 (see mal v. mng. 6e)

MRS 9 154 RS 17.230:18; uncert.: uniteSunuu SAG.DU-Su-nU ina dannuttimma ue 8i2snim Ugaritica 5 20 r. 9 (let.); ina arki eb&ri

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qaqqadu 6c

x §E.ME§ SAG.DU-§u-ma . . . utdr afterthe harvest he will return x barley, theprincipal only HSS 9 81:5, also ibid. 83:8,84:7, 76:6, and passim in Nuzi, cf. §E.ME§SAG.DU utdr IM 73260:15 (courtesy A. Fadhil),also ina SAG.DU utdr JEN 540:30, ana SAG.DU-u-ma inandin HSS 15 244:10, note:§E.ME§ qa-dum SAG.DU-ma ... utdr u.nutu HSS 9 43:12; note: x §E PN x E.ME§ PN2 SAG.DU-§U utarru (contrastedwith §E.ME§ itti MAS-SU utarru line 22,etc.) HSS 13 132:4 and 51; 15 GfN kaspamSAG tappti itti PN PN2 ilqe PN2 borrowedfrom PN 15 shekels of silver, the capitalto be used for a partnership MDP 23 274:1,ina ialdm girri u kaspam SAG utd[r] aftercompletion of his business trip he willreturn the silver capital ibid. 7; x silverSAG itti PN PN2 ilqe MDP 22 30:1, also ibid.23:1, 26:1, and passim in loans in Elam, cf. inaeburim 5 GIN kaspam qa-aq-qa-da-ma utdrat harvest time he will return the principalof five shekels of silver MDP 23 190:10,wr. qa-(aq-) qa-dam-ma ibid. 181:16, MDP 24345:5, and passim, wr. SAG-ma MDP 23 188:7,cf. SAG-ma KUI i.LA.E MDP 24 343:8.

c) in MA: annaka arpa hurda §a laakdli SAG.DU-ma ilaqqe he (the father-in-law) may take back just the originalamount of tin, silver, gold, whatever is notedible (from the bridal gifts) KAV 1 iv 38(Ass. Code § 30), cf. abna u mimma §a laakali SAG.DU-ma utdr ibid. vi 38 (§ 43); ana5 urhi SAG.DU e'i ina libbi dli imandadafter five months he will measure out theprincipal of the barley in Assur KAJ 63:8,also 58:9, 60:8, 67:7, Assur 3 18 No. 4:7, note:SAG §E-§u ina adrdte imaddad VAS 19 8:15,6umma SAG se-am ina adrdte la imtadadIraq 30 pl. 63 TR 3022:16; SAG.DU annikiihiat Assur 3 14 No. 3:10, VAS 19 19:9, KAJ17:9, also 14:8, 16:7, 53:7, Iraq 30 pi. 63TR 3021:7, and passim; SAG.DU kaspiihiat KAJ 39:9, cf. KAV 143:12 (Ass. Code G);note: SAG.DU libitti iddan KAJ 86:7,SAG.DU gurri[ti iddan] (see agurratu)KAJ 96:6.

qaqqadu 6ed) in NA: x silver SAG.DU §a PN ina

pan PN 2 the principal, belonging to PN,at the disposal of PN2 ADD 34:1, also ADD32:1, 35:3, 103:1, AJSL 42 233 No. 1187:2, andpassim, (referring to copper) ibid. 263 No. 1246:2,ADD 31:2, 43:1, 162:1, (to barley) ADD 137:1,140:1, 141:1, (to wine) ADD 126:4; ina MNkaspa ina SAG.DU-AU iddan in MN he willrepay the silver in its original amountADD 66:4, also ADD 33:5, 13:7, TCL 9 61:9,and passim; §E.PAD.ME . . . ina adri a-naSAG.DU-§d <iddan> ADD 133:4, cf. SE.BAR. . . ina MN a-na SAG.DU- d ... iddanADD 148 edge 1; SAG.DU kaspi ina muhhi§E taramme iakkan (if) he deposits theprincipal of the silver on the barley heaps(i.e., repays the loan, he redeems hispledged land) ADD 83 r.(!) 2, see PostgateNA Leg. Docs. 23:11, also ADD 629:15.

e) in NB: x SE.BAR SAG.DU §a PNina muhhi PN2 ina MN 9E.BAR ana SAG.DU-ii inandin x barley, principal, belonging

to PN, charged against PN2, in MN he willrepay the barley in (the amount of) theprincipal of it RA 25 78 No. 10:1 and 4, cf.x barley SAG.DU §a PN ina muhhi PN 2

TuM 2-3 81:1, also VAS 3 155:1, 84:1, BRM 144:1, and passim, cf. (said of dates) VAS 6 130:1,TCL 13 159:1, TuM 2-3 67:1, 95:1, and passim,(said of silver) BRM 1 36:1, VAS 4 156:2, TuM2-3 55:1, 110:1, TCL 12 42:2, Nbn. 112:1, andpassim; X §E.BAR SAG.DU U hubullu x bar-ley, the principal and the interest TuM2-3 90:1, also VAS 3 137:2, cf. dates SAG.DUhubuttutu VAS 3 118:1; ina MN . .. Kt.BABBAR SAG.DU- 2i tanandin in MN shewill repay the principal of the silver(owed) Nbn. 82:7, ina MN ina SAG.DU-iiiinandin Camb. 161:6, also Nbk. 22:5, Nbn. 4:5,Dar. 415:5, VAS 4 71:6, 157:5, TuM 2-3 41:4,and passim, also (said of barley) VAS 3 30:8,10:5, BRM 1 48:6, TuM 2-3 76:5, and passim,(said of dates) ina SAG.DU-ti-nu inandinNbn. 575:7, VAS 3 38:5, AnOr 8 68:5, Dar. 448:6,Camb. 335:7, and passim; ina MN gidil a Agimibabbanz ina SAG.DU-iM inandin Evetts Ner.68:7, also Nbk. 309:5, BRM 1 60:14; ina MN

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qaqqadu 7kaspa SAG.DU u hubullu tanandin in MNshe will pay the silver, principal and in-terest TuM 2-3 47:7; ina SAG.DU kaspiSuPN ... mahir PN (the creditor) received (xsilver from the debtor) from the principalof his silver VAS 4 175:3, also 176:4,61:6, TuM 2-3 128:1; x silver SAG.DU akiu'ilti4u fPN... mahrat the principal, fPNhas received in accordance with her con-tract Peiser Vertrage 119:6, cf. VAS 4 177:10,188:5; SAG.DU u hubullu PN ... mahir PNreceived (dates), the principal and in-terest Dar. 400:6, also VAS 4 166:6; put SAG.DU kaspi PN nazi PN guarantees (repay-ment of) the principal of the silver Nbn.1013:12, also VAS 4 163:8, TCL 13 184:13, Dar.359:8; adi muhhi §a fPN kasapSu SAG.DU uhubullu talallimu until 'PN pays in full thesilver she (owes), principal and interestVAS 4 21:12; SAG.DU kaspi4u PN etir PNhas been paid back the principal of hissilver Jastrow, Oriental Studies of the OrientalClub of Philadelphia 116:8; nddindnu kaspa kipzu'ilti ina SAG.DU -2i ana mahirdu inan:din (see mahirdnu usage b-1) SPAW 1889pl. 7 ii 20 (NB laws); lipdtu SAG.DU 6ipdtuhidu 4ipdtu rehi original amount of wool,wool weighed out, remaining wool(heading of a table) BIN 1 176:8; note xbarley SAG.DU qa-ir (for kari, for mng.see karU A mng. 2) Cyr. 90:9, wr. SAG.DUqa-ri ibid. 26; note in non-legal context:x barley SAG.DU gind the original amountof the regular offerings RAcc. 76:22.

7. (a stone, reading uncert.): na 4.sag.du = [...] Hh. XVI 327; NA 4.SAG.DU(among other stones) AMT 102 i 21 and(beside NA 4.SAG.KI) ibid. 31, cf. AMT 103 ii 31, 105iv 5; 2 <NA 4> SAG.DU Kocher BAM 355:4;NA4.SAG.DU (connected with certain daysin hemer.) Weidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 41:4,42 r. 8; if he does not pay NA 4.SAG.DU8a Kt (?).GI utdrima ana PN inandin hewill return the ... .-stone of gold (?) andgive it to PN TCL 12 47:7 (NB).

8. (in idioms) - a) as direct object(arranged alphabetically according to

qaqqadu 8averbs) - 1' abdlu - a' to act impudently:if you employ a man who lacks disciplinehe will drop his work and run away beliSdinma a tanattaluma ka-qd-as-su la ub:balu mulli employ only a man who isdisciplined, who when you consider himdoes not act impudently TLB 4 3:24; awz:lum ina pani ERIN.ME§ GN qd-qd-as-su it.tabalma the gentleman acted impud-ently(?) in the presence(?) of the peopleof GN (and has not yet brought you thebarley) CT 52 71:11; for Sum. sag. tim,the literal correspondent to qaqqadaabalu, see magirtu; eqlam PN uSizma PNqd-qd-su ubilma eqlam PN2 PN3 ... anaPN4 (?) [an] a erreSutim iddinu PN rented afield but PN acted impudently, so PN2and PN3 gave the field to PN4 (?) in tenancyVAS 8 113:2 (= 114:2).

b' (uncert. mngs.): qd-qd-di ana sunikaatbalam I placed(?) my head in yourlap VAS 16 104:9; aum mdratPN... qd-qd-di attanabbal TCL 17 69:29.

2' emedu - a' ummudu to put one'strust in someone: the god knows qd-aq-qd-di ina birkikama lu um-mu-ud that myhead rests (confidently) in your lap Bagh.Mitt. 2 59 iv 13; andku qa-aq-qa-di ana ekallim u-um-ma-a-ad u ana pihat dlim dtuazzaz I will put my trust in the palaceand take responsibility for that townSumer 14 19 No. 3:23 (both OB letters).

b' utemudu to get together: PN andPN2 swore an oath to each other puhurqa-qa-da-ti-6u-nu uStemidu and they allmade common cause ARM 10 5:11, alsoibid. 7, akkima. . . qa-qa-da-ti-n[i] nuStem:meduma (write) so that we can get to-gether ARM 2 62 r. 13; kmna qa-qa-da-ti-ku-nu tugStidama ana PN panzilunu taSkuna (he wrote) that you have joinedforces and turned to PN OBT Tell Rimah3:4, also 11; qa-qa-da-ti-ku-nu iutemidaibid. 4:25; for other OB refs. see emidumng. 6a.

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qaqqadu 8a3' kabatu - a' to be honored: see

kabdtu mng. 3b.b' kubbutu to honor: ilu §a bit abiki

id& qd-qd-ad-ki uktabbit the god whoknows the house of your father honoredyou OBT Tell Rimah 118:12, ina dl wabdtiqd-qd-ad-ki likabbitu let them honor youin the city where you live ibid. 119:6, also120:22; atti qd-qd-di kubbitima u andkuqd-qd-ad-ki lukabbit show me honor andthen I will show you honor CT 52 151:4f.;mddi qd-q-di tu[ka]bb[itama] youhonored me greatly TLB 4 35:35; note[q]a-qa-ad b[i-ti-x ku-ub-bi]-ti CT 4879:17 (coll. Kraus, RA 68 112); for other refs.see kabdtu mng. 5; note: DN.. . qd-qd-dam ka-ab-tam lilkunkama may DN pro-vide honor for you TLB 4 52:6 (all OB let-ters).

4' kullu - a' to be in readiness for:they have no leader qa-qa-su-nu anaElahuttim ukallu they are ready to goover to GN CRRA 18 63 A 49:49 (Mari let.),and see kullu mng. 5e-1'.

b' to be a guarantor for someone: seekullu mng. 5e-2'.

5' mahdSu: see mahdu mng. 4e and4f; alar ana kaspim qd-qd-ad-ni mahunidi-ni-a-ti-ma lu niAqul since we havepledged ourselves to (pay) the silver, sueus and then we will pay C 15:8 (unpub.OA, courtesy B. Landsberger); for Kienast ATHE44:25 see mahu usage b.

6' pasasu to cancel: qd-aq-qd-ad ter:tim apassas I will cancel the assignmentTCL 17 12:20.

7' qaldlu to come to shame: see qa.dlu mng. 2b; qullulu to dishonor: seeqaldlu mng. 4b.

8' raSi (mng. uncert.): aSum bitijae-li-ia-a PN qa-qa-dam irizima u ina bztijaugininnima 6dtu uieribudu PN wonout(?) over me in the case of my house,so that they evicted me from my houseand let him move in ARM 10 90:23.

qaqqadu 99' akdnu to turn against someone:

Itar ana nakri4u ul i-ak-kan SAG.DU-saIMtar does not turn against its (Uruk's)enemy Thompson Gilg. pl. 59 K.3200:17.

10' aldhu to withdraw (OA): abuniatta aar qd-qi-di-6u a-ld-hi-im milik youare our principal, think of a way in whichhe may back out (lit. withdraw himself)ArOr 47 43:31, cf. mala qd-qd-si ta-Sa-ld-ha-ni milik ibid. 34; atta qd-qd-ad-ka6u-ul-ha-am BIN4 51:46.

b) in prepositional constructions: inaqaqqadi rakdsu to charge a debt to some-one (OA only): kaspum ina qd-qd-ad,almi unu kiniSunu ralis the silver ischarged to them (the creditors) as a jointresponsibility Studies Landsberger 177I552:13,also ICK 1 172:17, RA 59 20 MAH 16206:9,CCT 5 22b:21, ICK 2 45:14, BIN 6 238:16, andpassim in OA, see kznu mng. 2a-2', alsoral-na qd-fqdl-ad almiunu raksu HUCA39 22 L29-566:24, cf. ICK 1 193:12, and passim;kaspum ina qd-qi-di-'u u bitilu rakis CCT1 6c:11, cf. kaspum ina qd-qd-ad PN a:itiSu mer' eu bitiunu u allaniu rakis

Jankowska KTK 106:20; note kaspum ilti PNillakam iti qd-qi-di-§u rakis ICK 2 104:7;note elliptically without rakis: 8a... tup=pam ina qd-qd-ad 6almini talputu CCT 250:16.

9. head tax (OA only): 5 OfN kaspamukulti .uhari u qd-qd-da-tim Sabbu he hasbeen paid five shekels of silver: the foodfor the servants and the "head tax" CCT 540b:22; x ofN qd-qd-da-at 2 quhnrika emuduthey imposed x shekels as "head tax" onyour two servants TCL 14 14:18, cf. qd-qd-da-tim emdama JSOR 11 112 No. 3:5;kima faldm kaspija 1 ofN u qd-qd-da-ti-ma§aldmim epa act so as to save everyshekel of my silver and the "head tax"BIN 4 5:7, see Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 325;15 ofN.TA qd-qd-da-tum 15 shekels eachwas the "head tax" TCL 14 57:5, 10 ofN.TA qd-qd-da-tum TCL 4 106:6, also CCT 221b:11, 9 qd-qd-da-tum 10 GIN.TA TCL 4

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qaqqadu83:11; MA.NA annak qd-qd-da-tim halfa mina of tin for "head tax" BIN 6 231:3,also BIN 4 159:3, KT Hahn 14:34; * MA.NAqd-qu-du-tum ikfudam the "head tax"amounted to two thirds of a mina LB1250:9, cited Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 234;note: 15 GfN qd-qd-ad sdridim BIN 4 29:7.

The alleged variant qad-qa-di in Diri III146 cited ZA 42 149 is based on a misreadingof the beginning of the Middle AssyrianSAG sign (in S[AG.DU]) as qdd.

Ad mng. 2: Landsberger, ZA 35 31. Ad mng. 9:Larsen Old Assyrian Caravan Procedures 171 f.;Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 264ff. On spellingswith k: Knudsen, JCS 15 86ff.

qaqqadu in Aa qaqqadi s.; head covering;Mari, NB(?); cf. qaqqadu.

TJG a SAG.DU Practical Vocabulary Assur 280.

fa ka-qa-di- i-na u TUG.HI.A-4i-na li-su-uh-hu-ma let them remove their head-gear and their garments ARM 1 8:31, cf.subdti u Sa qa-qa-di-ia Seni ARM 10116:17; note (Akk. reading uncert.): TaGSAG.DU 82-7-14,76:4, [TUG.HI.A] SAG.DUSa [DN] 82-7-14,422:1, lubdr SAG.DU Sa DN82-7-14,1862:6, for lubdr ME.SAG.DU agama4 see lubdru mng. lh-2'a' (all NB).

*qaqqadu (a headdress) see sagd4.

qaqqaril see qaqqaruA mngs. la, 8, and 9.

qaqqargum see qaqqaru mngs. la and 9.

qaqqaru A (kaqqaru, kakkaru) s.; 1.ground, soil, 2. terrain, 3. territory,4. plot of land, 5. location, area, region,blank space, 6. open country, 7. surface,area (in math.), 8. the earth, 9. netherworld, 10. floor; from OAkk. on, Akkad-ogram in Hitt. (KUB 26 91 r. 11, Giiter-bock Siegel 1 No. 2:7); pi. qaqqarli, qaqqardtu;wr. syll. and KI.

qa-qar KI = qaq-qa-ru Ea IV 100; [ki-i][KI] = [er-ge-tum], ma-a-tuml, [q]aq-qa-ru AIV/2:181-182; gil.ki.ma = qaq-qar MIN (= oI§.

qaqqaru A la[MA]) Hh. IV 365; [k]i.nam.ti.la = qaq-qarba-la-ti, [k]i.nam.BADu = qaq-qar mu-ti IziC i 30 f.; i u = qaq-qa-rum A 11/4:30.

iz.zi.dir = ni-gi-i#-su, ki.in.dir = MIN qaq-qa-ri Erimhu I 272f.; nig.ki.ki.a (var. nig.ki.gar) = zir-man-du qaq-qa-rum (var. qaq-qar) Hh.XIV 403; giA.iU.AA.KU = MIN (= [8i]m-mil-ti)qaq-qa-ri Erimhu II 274; u.pad = hal-lu-la-ia =gah qaq-qa-ri Hg. A II 273, in MSL 8/2 45; nim.u. pad = hal-lu-la-ia = h[u-zir-tu Id eqli], 4[d-nillah qaq-qa-ri] Hg. B III 18f., in MSL 8/2 47.

ki. u.du g 4 . ga = MIN (= na-qa-ru) id qaq-qa-riAntagal A 50.

za.e e.ne.6m.zu ki.a mu.un.pad.da da.nun.na.kex(KID).e.ne ki.a mu.un.su.ub.su.ub : kdtu amatka ina erreti izakkarma Anunnakiqaq-qa-ru unaAlaqu when someone invokes yourname on earth, the Anunnaki kiss the ground Sjo-berg Mondgott 168 r. 27, cf. BA 10/1 18 No. 9:4and 7; alam nig.sag.il.la.a.ni zfD.§E ki.au. m e.ni.hur : alam andundniSu Sa tappinni inaqaq-qa-ri esirma (see eqeru mng. la-1) 5R 50 ii57f., see JCS 21 8:75; nig.k6i.da ki.a hur.ra[tud]g.A.DU su.li6.ka dug.a : maks~tu §a inaqaq-qar egret uhattu a ina zumur ameli patrat(see maksutu) ASKT p. 86-87:72f.; ki nam.ti.la.kex a.mu.ta ba.an.gub.bu.us : ina qaq-qarbaldi iddja izzazzu (see baldtu s. mng. 2) KAR31:19f., cf. ki.nam.ti.la.kex gir.zu gub.bu. da : ina qaq-qar (var. [q]aq-qa-ru) bald(i Bpkaukun (var. lizziz) STT 179:35f., var. from CT17 33:21f.

til~ru = qaq-qd-ru W 22671/1 and dupl.W 22831 i 8, cited AHw. 1374a.

t Id-mi qaq-qa-ri (var. t qaq-qa-ri) : t su-pa-luUruanna I 427; f i-qip-pu : t qu-qa-ni qaq-qa-riMSL 8/2 60:213 (Uruanna); UR.MAH qaq-qa-ri:hu-la-m[e-uc ] ibid. 58:205d.

qaq.qa.ra.an.ki = v Hh. XXI Section3:20a; qaq-qa-ra-an = MIN (= Uruk) Malku I 218;see mng. 3c.

1. ground, soil - a) as surface - 1' ingen.: a wall 404 cubits high itum qd-qd-ri-im ana rS dirim from the groundto the top of the wall AfO 20 76 v 11 (Na-ram-Sin); [i]-[g] a-ru-um [ia] PN... iadmuigdr biritim itu qd-qd-ri adi elenum thewall that PN bought is a party wall from theground to the top Waterman Bus. Doc. 80:7;the Medes, who in the days of the kings,my fathers misir ASSur la ibbalkitinimmala ikbus qaq-qar-6d did not cross thefrontiers of Assyria nor tread its groundBorger Esarh. 54 iv 36; akabbas qaq-q[ar. .. ](vars. akabbas qaq-qa-ru IWlera pepja,

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qaqqaru A laakabbas qaq-qa-ri liler ana le-pi-i) I treadon the ground, may my feet walk straight(var. may (it) be favorable to my feet)BiOr 30 169 iii 21 (inc.); KI ugari gudti nakruikabbas an enemy will trample this com-mons CT 39 9:13 (SB Alu), cf. ibid. 5:53, cf.also nakru KI nawija ikabbas Labat Suse6 i 38; annua ina qaq-qa-ri ukabbas Istamp my sins into the ground AfO 1951:71 (SB hymn to Marduk); ekdutija kimaqaq-qa-ru lukabbis (see kabsu mng. 5b)STC 2 pl. 83:97, see Ebeling Handerhebung 134;for other refs. see kabdsu mngs. 2 and 3;since you, my lord, left me, I have beensick epi ina ka-aq-qd-ri ul alkun I havenot set my feet on the ground PBS 7123:2 (OB let.), cf. MVAG 41/3 60 i 16 (NA rit.),cf. also qd-qd-ri ualkin pe[ja] KUB 412 obv. (!) 19 (Gilg. Bogh.); ldm ultu eri SepSluana KI iIkunu before he puts his footfrom the bed onto the ground CT 38 33:1,and 31 r. 24 (catch line), cf. AMT 34,3:4, 59,1 i8 and 28, LKU 61:7; his feet are broad KImaid and are spread on (lit. fill) theground Kraus Texte 22 i 27 and 24 r. 6, cf.his toes KI ul ikak§ada do not reach theground ibid. 22 iii 3, also (the newbornchild's foot) qd-qd-ra (var. K) ul ikca4adLeichty Izbu III 96; kilddka ka-aq-qd-r[a] -amuStakcid she .... -ed you (lit. made yourneck reach the ground) CT 45 122:6, seeKraus, AbB 7 187; ka-aq-qd-ra uitammil (inbroken context) PBS 1/1 2 i 12 (OB lit.);ikmisma Gilgdme ina qd-aq-qd-ri SepuGilgamei bent one knee, his (other) foot(firmly) on the ground Gilg. P. vi 25 (OB);ana qaq-qa-ru uhannaq (if) he rubs (hishands and feet) against the ground LabatTDP 80:13, dupl. KUB 37 87:15, cf. qdtrSu§epdJu KI qaq-qa-ri ilappi4 STT 89:175;Nergal entered her (Eretkigal's) court-yard and ikmis(i) i[SIiq] qaq-qa-ru mahsria made obeisance (and) kissed theground before her AnSt 10 110 i 28 and 116iii 49 (Nergal and Eretkigal), cf. when heentered before the prince uSkinma i46iqqaq-qa-ru mahar~u AnSt 6 152:73 (Poor Man ofNippur), cf. En. el. III 69; when the king

qaqqaru A laentered Babylon ina mahar Marduk u arspanitu qaq-qar il4iq ABL 865:10 (NB); errabaqaq-qu-ru ina pan [arri inalliq] MVAG41/3 60 i 5, 8, and 12 (NA rit.); see also SjobergMondgott, in lex. section; for other refs.see na~dqu mng. 4c-2'; the king of Elamkissed my feet and qaq-qa-ru ugeir inaziqniu brushed the ground with hisbeard Streck Asb. 34 iv 29; if a falcon inaqaq-qa-ri alibma CT 39 30:55, cf. qaq-qa-riuS6ir (see egeru mng. 5) CT 39 29:26;irub ana Emeslam ina qaq-qar ug-da-r nal-

-[. .. ] Grayson BHLT 74 iii 32; imema RNqaq-qa-ril ippalsih when Ursa heard thishe threw himself to the ground (and torehis clothes) TCL 3 411 (Sar.), parallel WincklerSar. pl. 10 No. 22:294, and see napalsuhumng. lb-l'; if during the procession thestatue of Marduk ina qaq-qa-ri uib landson the ground ACh Supp. 2 Sin 18 r. 14, cf.(the leg of the chair) [ina] muhhi qaq-qi-ri tdtemedi ABL 1212 r. 8 (NA); he pulledher from the throne by her hair ana qd-a-aq-qd-ri qaqqassa ana nakdai (see na=kasu mng. 2a-2' EA 357:79 (Nergal andErekigal); buru kma uzdli imtaqut qaq-qar-6i (see buru A mng. la-2') Kocher BAM248 iii 31, and dupls. Studies Landsberger 286:33,KUB 4 13:9, cf. (the child) limqutam qd-aq-qd-ar-[S]um VAS 17 34:19 (OB inc.), also(the child) littanaqquta ina qaq-qa-ri CraigABRT 2 19:14 (NA inc.); umma ieru anamuhhi ameli ifhitamma ana KI imqut if asnake springs onto a man and falls to theground CT 38 36:62, cf. KAR 384 r. 29, cf. alsoCT 39 40 r. 35 (all SB Alu), and see (alsowith qaqqaril) maqdtu mng. lb; in trans-ferred mng.: wu'urti belija ana qa-qa-ri-im ul imqut my lord's wish is not dis-regarded (lit. did not fall on the ground)ARM 10 5:26; inerru ka-qd-ra-am (see n&rumng. 2) Gilg. O.I. r. 8; tabku eruja ina qa-qa-ri-ma my branches are scattered onthe ground Lambert BWL 160 r. 3, cf. the.... of their land which my ancestorsina qa-qa-ri tabku u andku ina qa-qa-riulatbf Smith Idrimi 61f.; if a bronze lock-peg of the palace Suldtma ina KI sUB-at

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qaqqaru A lawhen raised falls to the ground CT 4012:20, and passim in this text; GI.NA ana qaq-qa-ri lissukki [qaq-q]a-ru tebi liqbiki letthe bed fling you to the ground, let theground say to you "Get up!" Biggs Saziga77:17f.; iMi mald majdl qaq-qar inal hewore his hair unkempt (as a sign ofmourning), he slept with the floor as a bedVAB 4 274 ii 40 (Nbn.), cf. ina KI H.NAWeidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 46 VAT 7818 r. 11;alka tiba ina qd-aq-qd-ri come on, get upfrom the ground Gilg. P. ii 22; u9harrirmaAn4ar qaq-qa-ri inattal ikammam ana EaunaSi qaqqas[su] Aniar became motion-less, his eyes to the ground, nodding andshaking his head toward Ea En. el. II 86,cf. [x-x]-x-ta qaq-qa-< ru>-ram-ma inattale-[na(?)-ka(?)] STT 28 ii 11', see Gurney,AnSt 10 112 (Nergal and Eretkigal); rezja ulullu qaq-qa-ri anattal Lambert BWL 88:293(Theodicy), cf. Jaqdtu re ja iknuS qaq-qar-[lu] my head (once) held high is turnedtoward the ground Lambert BWL 34:73(Ludlul I); [Sa] qaq-qu-ru idaggaluni (par-allel: aam idaggaluni) ZA51 136:38 (NA);elli ana ri .. . urrad ana qaq-qa-ri-im-mauabbatu kibsi[ki] I will go up to the roof,I will go down to the ground and seizeyour footprints Maqlu III 145, emendationfrom STT 82, cf. if lizards iltu KI ana uriill ... i tu uri ana KI urraduni CT 3841:10f. and dupl. CT 40 28 K.6527+ :5f. (SB Alu);abna kdmma itu qa-qa-ri ittazimi u uL=tebilammi (is he making a joke at myexpense, that) he picked up such a stonefrom the ground and sent it to me (insteadof lapis lazuli)? MRS 9 222 RS 17.383:17;may your blood ana qaq-qar littaradflow onto the ground Wiseman Treaties 471;may your seed [ina?] muhhi pa-ni aqaq-qa-ri-ku-nu ina mdti lihliq disappearfrom the face of your soil, from the landWiseman Treaties 544; dirdniunu dannuti... appulma qaq-qa-ril ulakid I pulleddown their strong walls and made (them)level with the ground TCL 3 293 (Sar.),cf. qa-qa-ri6 uamhir ibid. 180, 195; duilrdniSunu dunnunuti adi 6ipik u§lliunu haqs

qaqqaru A labatti4 udaqqiqma qaq-qa-rif amnu Icrushed their fortified walls down to theirfoundations like earthenware and made(them) level with the ground ibid. 165, cf.ibid. 217, GN appulma qaq-qa-riS amnu ibid.185, cf. ibid. 273, 279, 232 + KAH 2 141, ef. alsoWinckler Sar. pl. 2 No. 3:38 and Lie Sar. 64;cau c~utu ... akludma qaq-qa-ri amnuRost Tigl. III p. 60:21; with his hands issiqaq-qir isappan he will level (Elam) tothe ground ABL 1280:9 (NA); the canaleperz imlima immani qaq-qa-ri4 becamefilled with earth and thus level with theground Borger Esarh. 36 § 23:10, cf. (themountain) imtanu qaq-qar-Su(var. -ii)Cagni Erra IV 143; (the temple) [ultu umema]dti niditam illikma zteme qaq-qa-riSBohl Chrestomathy p. 36:24 (= Bohl Leiden Coll. 3p. 35, Sin-Aar-ikun).

2' in rit.: asar iepu parsat KI talabbi(me elluti [tanaddi] where nobody sets footyou sweep the ground, you pour purewater BBR No. 79:8, cf. [ana II] "UTUKI SAR A KJ.GA tanaddi BBR No. 58:4, seeOr. NS 36 279; ina ahi nri KI SAR A KtSUD 4R 60:15, cf. Or. NS 39 143:23, KAR 73:6,AfO 18 296:1, RAcc. 10:8, and passim in rit.,see abdu; Sahu a UD.KA.BAR me umalsiima ina qa-qa-ri iSnakk[anu] RA 35 2 i 28(Mari rit.); 2 lahanndte a kardni arru anaqa-qi-ri inaqqi the king pours two jugsof wine onto the ground ZA 50 194:23, cf.one jug of wine and one jug of beer anaqa-qi-ri ugammar ibid. 19 (MA rit.), also(wine) ana qaq-qi-ri itabbuku ZA 45 44:25(NA rit.), and see tabdku; ana KI la tunattakAMT 68,2:4; [ina qaq]-qa-ri egir u[?urtu]draw the picture (of the ark) on theground Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 128:14 and16; ana muhhi Salmi 9a qemi a ina KI egruinaddima (the king) puts (the slaughteredsheep) on the image made with flourwhich has been drawn on the groundPBS 1/2 106 r. 27, see Ebeling, ArOr 17/1 179; forother refs. see egeru mng. la-l'; 14 timesyou touch his head u qaq-qa-ra talappatand touch the ground Kiichler Beitr. pi. 1 i 16.

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qaqqaru A Ibb) as mass of earth: miqit parzillim

§a qd-aq-qd-ra irassu meteoric iron, whichgouges the ground JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 8v 21 (OB hymn); irtima ina dunni qaq-qa-ri5 sikkati he drove five pegs into the hardground STT 38:132, see AnSt 6 156 (Poor Manof Nippur); the foundation of the palace inCalah was not solid and eli dunni qaq-qa-ri kigir 6adi ul Surruda i4ddu its foun-dation walls had not been set into firmground, on bedrock Winckler Sar. pl. 48:14,cf. adi qaq-qa-ri dunni4u akudu MDP 21pl. 1:18 (Xerxes); 5alamtaau ina KI aj iq=qebir may his body not be buried in theground MDP 6 pl. 10 vi 21 (MerodachbaladanI kudurru), cf. Salmeja... ana ndri lu idd[i]ina KI lu iq-[bir] (the sorcerer) threwfigurines of me into the river or buriedthem in the soil PBS 1/1 13:26, and seeqeberu; nard .. . ina qaq-qa-ri ittemir (ifthat man) buries the boundary stone inthe ground MDP 2 pl. 22 v 52, MDP 6 pl. 10iv 33, wr. KI (= qaqqaru or er.etu, seeergetu mng. 4b) UET 1 165 ii 17, BBSt. No. 7ii 12; kzma... §uriuu qaq-qa-ru la igab=batu just as its (this plant's) roots donot take hold in the ground Surpu V-VI64 and 133, cf. uri~uu qaq-qa-ra DIRIKuchler Beitr. pl. 3 iii 31; lillik adru ka-aq-qd-ra li'erri let the wind blow, let itparch (?) the ground Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 72 II i 15 (SB); ina qarniiu qaq-qarterdt JNES 33 332:15 (NB med. comm.); seealso leti v. mng. la; if a sheep [ina Sep]imittiJu KI ifhappir (see heperu mng. 1)CT 31 30:23, cf. ibid. 25, qaq-qar ihappirudHunger Uruk 50:30 (med. comm.); see alsoheperu mng. 2; 18 qaq-qar ulappil I dugdown in the ground 18 (cubits) (and foundthe ancient foundation made by Naram-Sin) VAB 4 264 i 30 (Nbn.), cf. [x] ammatqd-qd-ru ukappilma ibid. 194 No. 27a ii 17(Nbk.); narqdni ana qaq-qa-ri hide in theground! Maqlu VI 96.

c) in idiomatic use: if the necklace isnot available to you alar iba64 ina qa-qa-ri-im hliamma ulbilam produce one

qaqqaru A 2bfrom wherever you can (lit. from theground) and send it to me Sumer 14 73No. 47:18 (Harmal let.), cf. 15 ulummi inaqd-qd-ri li4elinimma Aibilam let (the gar-deners) procure 15 ulummu mice at anycost and send (them) to me TCL 17 13:20,also §E.GIA.i Sa 1 GIN kaspim ina qd-qd-ri-im Sliaimma AfO 24 124 No. 9:18; 1elippaka ana PN ana tabliltim idin u elip=pam fa PN2 ina ka-ka-ri-im SuliaS giveone of your boats to PN for .... and goto any length to provide PN2's boat forhim TCL 1 32:15; idpartam ina qd-qd-ri-im

luliamma go to any length to provide aweaver woman Kienast Kisurra 153:29, cf.GUD.HI.A ina ka-aq-qd-ri-im au-li-a-am-ma VAS 16 79:9 (all OB letters), see Stol, BiOr31 222f.; [DUMU].ME§ LUGAL.ME GI.NA.ME§ ina qaq-qa-ri ilaqqatu K.6645 ii 7(astrol.), also cited Thompson Rep. 236A:4.

d) describing burrowing animals: neu§a qaq-qa-ri(var. -ru) dumqa etepu' I did agood deed for the "earth-lion" Gilg. XI296; see also Hh. XIV, Hg., Uruanna, in lex.section, and see nammatu, zermandu.

2. terrain - a) in gen.: ki qaq(!)-qa-ru t(bi ina Spe lillikunu jni ina elippilillikunu if the terrain is good, let themcome on foot, if not, let them come byboat TCL 9 84:21 (NB let.); qaq-qu-ru marigibirte Saddni S m& karku ndrdte da'na (seekardku mng. 1) ABL 312:9 (NA); if a wellopens ina KI bSdi in sandy ground CT38 24 BM 34092:21; see also namrdu.

b) with ref. to the desert: mat Bdzu. .. qaq-qar (dbti alar sumdme the land ofBazu, saline ground, a place of thirstBorger Esarh. 56 iii 54; qualified by terms forthirst: ina ladi qaq-qar qumdmete issakanbedz itu qaq-qar qumdmete ittumu6 (see

.umIdmtu usage b) Scheil Tn. II 64, cf.ibid. 33; anhu a ina qaq-qar imu [i] tattiqu me [m]alki [i-ha-d] (?) -li-ih (seeanhu mng. la) ABL 1411 r. 2 (NB); forother refs. see naomi, qumdmztu, ,imu;see also Streck Asb., cited mng. 3a.

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qaqqaru A 3a3. territory - a) measured in beru:

30 ber qaq-qa-ru ina birit mat GN ... sit:muri allikma I marched impetuouslythirty "miles" between GN (and GN2) TCL 375 (Sar.), cf. ibid. 307, etc., cf. 60 ber qaq-qa-ru ina Urarti . .. etelli4 attallakma RostTigl. III p. 46:24, 52:39; I cut through themountains toward Nineveh uSeir harruber qaq-qa-ru ultu qereb iD GN mame . .uAard4 I ran a canal and let water flow(there) from the Husur river for one "mile"overland OIP 2 124:42 (Senn.); 8 ber qaq-qa-ru ... ittallaku ummdndteja ... ultulibbi GN adi GN2 6 ber qaq-qa-ru qaq-qarumme laplapti ird illiku Streck Asb. 204 vi

38 and 206 vi 42; 1000 uttatu ... ber qaq-qar ana muhhi ndri ruqet one thousand(gur) of barley is half a "mile" distantfrom the river (two gur and twelve silasare close to the river) YOS 3 68:15 (NBlet.), cf. [x KASKAL].GfD qaq-qar ABL1000:2, 1342:6, 1387 r. 18, 1402:10 (all NB),also [x KASKAL.G]fD qaq-qu-[ru] ABL 608r. 11 (NA); ina kisurre GN itu madahu §aah Puratti adi qereb Ki 4§ ber qd-qd-rimiAihti A. A ipik eperi aStappakma at theborders of Babylon I made an earth rampfrom the processional road at the bankof the Euphrates as far as Kish, a distanceof four and two thirds "miles" VAB 4166 B vi 62 (Nbk.), parallels Sumer 3 7 i 21 and15 i 23; for other refs. see beruA s. mng. lb;note ber qaq-qa-ru referring to a timemeasurement, see Pingree, AfO 25 55.

b) measured in march route time: allthe way to Memphis, his residence mdlak15 ume qaq-qa-ri umelam la naparkddzktulu mddi6 aduk over a march (route)of 15 days I inflicted a heavy defeat onhim every day without exception BorgerEsarh. 99 r. 39.

c) identified by a proper name: dlkniis PN qaq-qar mdt Namar mala badi all thesettlements of the PN tribe, territory of thecountry of GN BBSt. No. 6 i 48 and ii 8 (Nbk. I);ana ka-aq-qi-[ril §a Subartu la ituara(§ama§-§um-ukin) will not return to the

qaqqaru A 3darea of Assyria ABL 356:20, see ParpolaLAS No. 45; a field qa-qa-ar BI.NE MDP28 420:5; ina qaq-qa-ru GN akcudunitiWeissbach Misc. No. 4 (pl. 3) ii 23 (Aamag-re6-uur);a house ina qd-qd-ar d§ES.KI YOS 1275:5; ul u§ab ina a[liku]numa ina qaq-qarEnlil ul alakkana [Ie]pja (as Enlil hatesme) I cannot live in your town anylonger, I cannot set foot in Enlil's territoryany more Gilg. XI 41; note qaqqar Anuas a name of Uruk: see Malku I 218, in lex.section; in gentilics: PN LO qaq-qar-dA-nuki-u Hunger Uruk 45:25, also ibid. 33:11,wr. L.KI.DI§.KI-U ibid. 48 r. 9 (all colo-phons, same person).

d) in transferred mng.: ina qa-aq-qa-ardannati ti-se-a-ni tuqqira me u gamma inaeqel Qumamiti (see eumdmitu usage c)MDP 18 250:12 (OB lit.); atta i-qd-qi-ri-imdannim tetiranni you saved me from adangerous situation Or. NS 36 411 Kiltepeb/k 95:28; qd-qu-ru-um danan uharka ib=tibitim la imuat the situation is dan-gerous, your servant must not die ofhunger BIN 6 124:10; abi ina qd-qi-ri-imdannim wadab u bit abija ekallum inaggarS. . bit abijae ihliq my principal lives ina dangerous situation and the palacewatches my principal's firm, let my prin-cipal's firm not perish KTS 37a:15, alsoHUCA 39 30 L29-573:11, adi a annakam inaqd-qi-ri-im dannim waSbdkuni CCT 247b:25, cf. ager i-qd-qi-ri-im da-nim uS=bdtini Akkadica 18 33 0 3918:23; asjer qd-qu-ru-um dannum ukalluka libbaka imar=raq since a dangerous situation restrainsyou, you will have troubles CCT 243a: 18, cf. BIN 6 214:5, VAT 13509 r. 3'; mansnum ina qd-qi-ri-i[m] rdanl-nim kaspamiddannidti Jankowska KTK 17:7 (all OA); inaqaq-qar ulme mahraka littallak let himconstantly walk before you in a territoryof well-being AfO 19 59:160 (SB prayer toMarduk), cf. ummdnum ina qd-qd-ar Sulmianakrum i-[. . .] iddki the enemy will [. . .]and defeat the army in its own safe ter-ritory YOS 10 21:10 (OB ext.); Urtaku ar

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qaqqaru A 3eElamti ina qaq-qar ba-la-ti eptiu u[li6kun] Bauer Asb. 56 Rm. 281:7, also PiepkornAsb. 60 iv 57, cf. ina ulmim epi ina qa-qa-ar baldfim luSkun OBT Tell Rimah 123:15,and see KAR 31, STT 179, in lex. section;note la altee amuwatma qd-qi-ri-i la4uI cannot (go on), I am about to die, thereis no way out for me KT Hahn 5:6.

e) other occs.: ajakam kaspam ina qd-qi-ri-im annim lu nilqe where should weacquire silver in this region? COT 6 25a:8(OA); ina qa-qa-ar izzazzu ibitma if (thetroops) stay overnight wherever they areARM 14 67 r. 6; qa-qa-ar illiku ul itdrmaul illak he does not go back the sameway he came RA 35 3 iv 13 (Mari rit.); inagakin mdtdti bel pi7atdti hazanndti u q ipiti§a qaq-qa-ra-tim anndti (whoever) amongthe governors, district governors, mayors,or (other) officials of these districts MDP2 pl. 17 iii 9 (MB kudurru), cf. lu Sakin mdti§a qaq-qar-Iu lu ina libbi rabti Sut ekalliZA 65 54:29 (early NB kudurru); why did mybrother not send his messenger? mdr4ipri a ahija annita iqtabd umma ul qd-aq-qd-ru qerbumma ahuka idemmemaulma ilapparakku mdtum riqat ana ahika

my brother's messenger said this (inanswer): The territory (of Egypt) is notnear enough for your brother to hear(about your illness) and send good wishes- the land is far for your brother EA 7:20(MB royal); qaq-qar inapan-iunu ruqu ABL280:17 (NB); (after) the servants of the kingchanged their route 3000 qaq-qar elenulshunu neberu inabtu they took a crossing-place three thousand (cubits) upstreamfrom them (i.e., the enemy) ABL 520:21(NB); 4000 ammat qd-qd-ra-am itdt dli. ..dura danna ... Bdbilam ulashir over astretch of four thousand cubits aroundthe city I surrounded Babylon with amighty wall VAB 4 74 ii 13, cf. CT 37 14 ii 46,PBS 15 79 ii 41 (all Nbk.); ammar 8104 qaq-qu-ru (var. qaq-qar) liszqunikkunu may(the gods) reduce your land in size to beas narrow as a brick Wiseman Treaties 527,

qaqqaru A 3ecf. qaq-qa-ru ammar sio4 ina KOS (paral-lel: mdssu ammar hurbdt[i]) AfO 8 24 i 5(AAAur-nirari V treaty); Sarru qa-f aq-qa-ril-§u[an]a nakriSu u5eqi the king will losehis territories to his enemy KUB 4 67 ii10, see Leichty Izbu p. 208 ii 8; KI KUR abaq=qarma eleqqe I will claim and take theterritory of the enemy Labat Suse 3:42,cf. nakru KI-ri ibaqqarma ileqqe ibid. 31,and parallel nakru KI rube ipaqqar, rublKI nakriku ipaqqar CT 30 26 80-7-19,87 obv. (!)3f., CT 20 4 K.3671+ :9f.; the king shouldknow ki bit Amikdni iqtiima Puqudu inaqaq-qa-ri-i-nu albu that the Bit Amuikaniperished and the Puqudu stayed in theirterritory ABL 275 r. 10; anini hZiu Sa qaq-qa-ru ni-hi(?)-tu (obscure) ibid. r. 13, cf.ABL (617+)699 r. 4, ina qaq-qar(!) a itblABL 262 r. 3 (all NB); qaq-qu-ru bit tara'im=mani tuabitkunu ina libbi iba (seeeabdtu mng. 11f) ABL 541:9 (NA); PN...ana mat tdmtim altappar qaq-qa-ru ul idii4ten LO mude KASKAL I I itti4u ahheja li:puru' I sent PN to the Sealand - as hedoes not know the territory, let mybrothers send with him a man who knowsthe way BIN 1 11:8 (NB); (boats) in UD.KIB.NUN.KI qd-qd-ra-am lu i-SAG-ru-i(var. Sa UD.KIB.NUN.KI' lu ia-a-a-z-ru)(obscure) JEOL 20 55:64 (NB Cruc. Mon.ManigtuSu); under the protection of DN Idefeated these peoples ina qaq-qa-rul--nu ultibunutu I let them live in theirown districts again Herzfeld API 30 r. 28(Xerxes); zeru ina qaq-qar Aandmma ulirriu he will not cultivate a field inanother district TuM 2-3 75:7, cf. ibid. 9;a andku akanna epuu u ina qaq-qa-ru

gandmma epu §u what I did here andin other districts (everything I did underthe protection of Ahuramazda) VAB 3115:8 (Xerxes); GN uhalliqluma ina qa-aq-qa-ri-u i-ul i-da-a-ar-ra-a-u attalarlu(corr. to Hitt. I sowed (?) [. . .]-plant in itsplace) KBo 10 1:17 (Hattulili bil.); ina qaq-qar nukurti sulummd iba4li in enemy ter-ritory there will be peace VAB 4 288 xi 17(Nbn.), cf. ina qaq-qar dabdd ar Bdbili

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qaqqaru A 4aAfO 20 94:109 (Senn.), cf. also ina qd-qd-arnakrim UET 5 81:23 and 42 (OB let.); apliafrata udannina qaq-qar-§d (see aratu)En. el. V 131.

4. plot of land - a) in texts earlierthan NB - 1' in gen.: qd-qi-re-e anaASur ezib I set aside plots for DN Belleten14 224:10 (Irigum); 15 shekels of silver thatPN owes the Anatolian kima 15 §iqil kas:pim qd-qi-ri-6u a urki bitim ana nud'im... iddin as the equivalent to the 15shekels of silver he gave his plots of land,which are behind the house, to the Ana-tolian MVAG 33 No. 215 VAT 9293:5, cf.x silver ana qd-qi-ri a PN ni6qul ArOr47 43 AO 22503:25; qd-qu-ru a tehi bit PNana bariunu izzazzu the lands whichadjoin PN's house are their commonproperty Jankowska KTK 103:17, see MVAG33 No. 9:7; qd-qi-ri 6unuti JNES 16 164:26,cf. tehi qd-qi-ri §a PN ibid. 6 (all OA); fuppitamlitim a mitit[im] ublunimma A. A imared~ $abtu u ka-ak-ka-ra-tim ana mudaszattadi they brought me the record fordistributing (the fields) of the dead, and Inoted down on a list (the places) wherethe redi soldiers hold fields, and the plotsCT 4 19a:22, see Frankena, AbB 2 90, cf. a.4um2 fuppi a 4 SAR ka-aq-qd-ra-tim PBS 7104:13 (OB let.); PN ana PN2 ana qa-qa-ri-imgabdtim iddin [um]ma kaspam PN2 ana PNla iddin eli qa-qa-ri-im PN-ma izzaz PNgave PN2 (x silver) for taking land in ten-ure, if PN2 does not return(?) the silverto PN, PN herself has the rights(?) to (lit.stands on) the plot CT 33 29:5 and 11; PNqa-qa-ra-am ibqurma PN brought a claimagainst the (purchased) plot CT 48 25:10(both OB); ana alp e uhdr e uhdrdtim z.MA§.HI.A u bitim la teggi ina tuppika qd-qd-ra-am e.ir do not neglect the oxen,the servants, the servant girls, the goats,or the house, draw the plot on your tabletTLB 4 12:10 (OB let.); 8 SAR qa-aq-qa-ruEqU u madu . . .PN iSdm PN bought eightSAR of land, as is MDP 23 214:1; qa-aq-qa-ru ibbaqqarma ina bitiu u BALA 3.KAM

qaqqaru A 4asikkatu mah-at if a claim is raised againstthe land, a peg is driven into his houseand into the "third section" ibid. 235:5;note eqlu ibbaqqarma fPN qd-aq-qd-as-sua-na ta-ah-hu-[...] MDP 22 76:14 (= MDP 4191 No. 15); ina qa-qa-ri ajztu (in brokencontext) BE 17 42:24 (MB let.); mannummina libbiSu[nu] abu eqla bitdte ka-aq-qa-[ra] 9a pi tuppi uzakka any of them whois present will clear of claims the field,the houses, and the land in accordancewith the contract RA 23 155 No. 50:28; 2 inaammati qa-aq-ka-ru ina letifunu PN ...ileqqe PN will take a two-cubit (frontage)plot at their (the buildings') edge StudiesOppenheim 182:10; ka-ka-ru Sa pani bztdti12 ina ammati murakJu 9 <ina> ammatirupussu the land in front of the houses,twelve cubits long and nine cubits wideJEN 239:12, cf. ka-aq-qa-ra a bitdte epluplot with buildings (opposite ka-ak-ka-rupa-i-hu and ka-ak-ka-ru halahwe lines 4and 8) JEN 101:5; ilku ga qa-aq-qa-ri PNu PN2 nag i umma qa-aq-qa-ru.ME~ dupdqirdna iraMi PN u PN2 uzakkima PN andPN2 do the ilku service on the land, shouldthat land have any claimant, PN and PN2will clear it of claims JEN 46:15 and 17, cf.ibid. 25; these are the men mualmi [Saqa-aq]-qa-ri.ME§ who surveyed the plotsRA 23 149 No. 31:42, cf. muelm a A.§A§a ka-ka-ri-im HSS 13 273:21 (all Nuzi);Summa a'u ina la qa-ki-ri-i-u lu kird iddilu biurta ihri if a man lays out a gardenor digs a well on land which is not hisKAV 2 v 19 (Ass. Code B § 13), cf. if he inala qa-ki-ri-i-u . . . libitta ilbin ibid. v 26and 34 (§ 14 and 15), wr. qa-qi-ri ibid. ii 2(§ 1), also qa-qa-ra 3-a-te iddan ibid. v 30(§ 14); iStupani dli iallim Summa ina A.SAla i4allim ina qa-qa-ar dli iiallimma hewill be compensated from the city, if hedoes not get (land as) compensation fromoutside the city, he will take compensa-tion from land in the city KAJ 152:5; kiJaparti PN ... u bit dunnu qa-qar dliSu SaPN PN3 igabbat uk4l (see dunnu mng. 4e)KAJ 53:15, cf. A.A-fu adri qa-qar dli u

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qaqqaru A 4bbirta KAJ 149:16, cf. also KAJ 160:4; qa-qa-ru ,udtu ana Smi . . . ana PN iddinu . . .AN.NA 'Sm qa-qa-<ri>-u-nu ... mahruaplu zakfi qa-qa-ra Sudtu ... PN ilaqqeKAJ 175:27, 32, and 35 (all MA); qaq-qi-riSudtu zarippu laqiu these lands are boughtand taken in possession Postgate PalaceArchive 29:7, cf. ibid. 2 (NA); enna amminiilten qaq-qar tai-bat(!)-ma ina NippurituJib (obscure) ABL 540:3 (NB), cf. qaq-qar §a abija §a arru utzramma ABL 925:9,also ibid. 15, 17, r. 3, 6, qaq-qa-r u m ibai2(in broken context) ABL 1457:10 (NB); thissmall palace I razed completely qaq-qa-ruma'du kzma atartimma ultu libbi eqletiabtuqma as an addition I took away alarge area from the fields (and added itto the palace area) Borger Esarh. 60 v 50,cf. OIP 2 105 vi 2, cited atartu A mng. le; qa-qa-ra-te mddte lu umessi (in territorybelonging to the city ofAssur) I identifiedlarge tracts of land Weidner Tn. 12 No. 5:74.

2' with qualifications: qd-qd-ru-umnadi BIN 7 170:1 (OB); qaq-qa-ra Sa (dbtimala 3 GAN A.§A i-[x-x] (the kings ofUgarit and of Sijanni said) The salt flatsamounting(?) to an area of three iku MRS9 74 RS 17.335+:59, but A.SA tdbti ibid. 60f.,cf. qa-aq-qa-ru [,]a(?) habbu MRS 6 161RS 16.281:7; x E.NUMUN qa-qu-ru rdqua field of x (extent), empty (i.e., notbuilt-on) land Postgate Palace Archive 156:2(NA); ka-aq-qa-ru halahwe JEN 101:8, andsee hawalhu, paihu, pe'i; all around mypalace qa-qa-ri pu-,a-e u[aamsik] Icleared land suitable for building WeidnerTn. 9 No. 2:42, cf. qaq-qir pu-ge-e udtuzarpu laqiu ADD 356:10, PN bet qaq-qir pu-Qe-e taddni qaq-qir 5 ina ammete urlcu[6 ina] ammete rupSu ADD 351:3 and 5, andpassim in NA, and see pui; ina qaq-qar(var.-qa-ri) uSalli in flooded land (reclaimedfrom the river) OIP 2 129 vi 49 (Senn.).

b) in NB - 1' in gen.: as in formertimes he gave qaq-qa-ra-a-ti ana rab baniSa DN YOS 6 10:12, see San Nicol6 Prosopo-graphie 65f.; whoever would say bitu kir2

qaqqaru A 4bu qaq-qar §udti ul nadnuma kaspa ul mahirTCL 12 12:33; put ibu a qaq-qar PN naziPN is liable for the tax on the field Bagh.Mitt. 5 228 No. 17 iv 8; qaq-qar makkr BeletUruk u Nand YOS 7 169:2; ina u'ilti a700 uttati Sa ina qaq-qar fa URU GN aPN BIN 2 109:1; x iddu AN.TA UJS.SA.DU

qaq-qar a Eanna BIN 1 130:4; genu makkirDN fa ina panija ultu tamirtu qaq-qar aDN iktatamu (see katdmu mng. 4) YOS 7189:8, cf. re' qaq-qar §a DN ii YOS 3200:19 (let.); fuppi A.§A qaq-qar pi ul-puBIN 1 130:1; qaq-qar a Beti a Uruk ka-sa-al u kcdlf (see kaslu) YOS 6 33:4; bar-ley ina suti a rihit qaq-qar.ME a ina panPN TCL 13 227:60; qaq-qa-ru S~ ina qdtePN ki x kaspi [an]dahar umma qaq-qa-ruibal4i itriu ina panika bi-nam-ma ... uqaq-qar a ina qdte PN anhuru fuppalukunukma bi inni I bought this land fromPN for 55 shekels of silver, (if) there is apiece of land adjacent to it available toyou, give it to me, and give me a sealeddocument about the land which I boughtfrom PN VAS 1 70 i 5, 7, and 12 (NB kudurru);x silver idz qaq-qa-ru inandinu' CT 4476:12; qaq-qar §a ina ibti Sa PN la atfruana zdqiputu bi innanimma (see zdqipitu)YOS 6 67:6, cf. mimma mala ina giimmaruina qaq-qa-ru illd whatever grows amongthe date palms and on the land Nbk. 90:4.

2' measured (in cubits) along its front-age: four shekels of silver Sim 5 KbUqaq-qar SAG.KI the price of a plot of landhaving five cubits' frontage TCL 12 55:1,also Dar. 563:2, cf. TuM 2-3 6:1, 164:2, TCL 1238:1, and passim, napharu 8 kird x putu qaq-qa-ru a kirn bit Ea AnOr 9 2:52, and passimin this text; 1 ME 50.AM qaq-qa-ru abtu150 (cubits) of land each are held (infeudal tenure) AnOr 9 1:4 and r. 97; PN putqaq-qar a' 1 mi naQi PN is responsiblefor that field of one hundred (cubits)AnOr 9 7:43; kz 1 me qaq(!)-qa-ru ina KAana muhhija u 1 me ana muhhi PN la nasku(I swear) that one hundred (cubits) ofland from the shortage (?) is charged to me

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qaqqaru A 5aand one hundred is charged to PN YOS 3110:10, cf. 4 Izm qaq-qar milhu ina muhhijanasiki mimma alla 2 me qaq-qar ina libbiul hirru (the labor is too hard for me) atract of land of four thousand (cubits) isassigned to me, nothing is dug up of itbeyond two hundred (cubits) of land Yos3 33:5f.; since the day I came 1 me 60qaq-qar babtum 2 me qaq-qar ina libbiassidir amur aherri qaq-qar §a ina muhhininasku lu mdda dannu 160 (cubits' front-age) of land have lacked (work), of it twohundred (cubits of) land I cultivate oneafter the other, look, I am doing thedigging, the (amount of) land that is as-signed to us is very difficult YOS 3 19:8f.,cf. they dig 1 K§ qaq-qar ana 3 iqilkaspi one cubit of land for three shekelsof silver ibid. 14, cf. also ibid. 3 and 5; 2 MEI KvU qaq-qar GCCI 1 376:4; 4 KU§ 6 §U.sI qaq-qar Nbn. 1128:18, for other refs. seeammatu A mng. 2k-5'.

5. location, area, region, blank space -a) on the sheep's lungs or liver: 6ummaubdn haAim qablitum qd-qd-ar-a icul (seeakdlu mng. 2d) RA 38 84:30, see RA 40 91,cf. [umma ina K]A.E.GAL $ihhu Sirubmaqd-aq-qd-ar-6u akil YOS 10 25:17, also RA 63155:19 (all OB ext.); na[plasum] ina qa-qarkittim [Sakin] the naplasu was in a normalzone JCS 21 226 A 860:8 (Mari ext. report);dumma paddnu 2-ma ina KI imitti samhuCT 20 7 K.3999:9, cf. ina KI MA§.TAB.BATCL 6 1 r. 48 (both SB ext.), possibly to beread er.etu or a4ru, see ergetu mng. 3d,aSru A mng. le.

b) in the sky or on a celestial body -1' identified by a constellation: the moonwas eclipsed ina KI MUL.GIR.TAB ABL1444 r. 1; anniu ~i udiu qaq-qu-ru E$albatdnu isahhuruni ana lumni ukallunithis is the only area where Mars becomesretrograde which they consider bad ABL519 r. 9, see Parpola LAS No. 13, also ibid. r. 19;ina qaq-qar MUL.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA ittamar(Jupiter) became visible in the area ofOrion ABL 744 r. 1, see Parpola LAS No. 290,

qaqqaru A 5dcf. Thompson Rep. 221:2; Jupiter ina ... KIMUJL.MUL U MUL.GUD.AN.NA Hunger Uruk94:6, cf., wr. qaq-qar ibid. 31, Weidner Ge-stirn-Darstellungen 11 i 5, wr. KI ibid. 14VAT 7851 Section 7:1, Hunger Uruk 27 r. 20,LBAT 1597:6ff., and passim; for KI "lon-gitude" (of the sun and stars) see Neu-gebauer ACT 2 p. 478b; for qaq-qar kigari(ibid. p. 487a) see kiru mng. 13.

2' identified by the prediction as-sociated with that area: Jumma ana KImahzr le'im qibd talakkan if you wantto make a prediction concerning the areaof the price of barley Hunger Uruk 94:1,cf. ibid. 9; Mercury ina KI Elamti IGI.LA-ma ibid. 93:5, cf. KI a attald ikcunu theregion where it (the moon) is eclipsedibid. 3; the solar eclipse in Nisannu qaq-qa-ru Sa KUR SU.BIR 4.KI la ilput did notaffect the region of Assyria ABL 1391:18,see Parpola LAS No. 110, cf. ina KI mat Ak=kadi Hunger Uruk 94:16, and passim in thistext; qaq-qu-ru bit ulappatanni u Sdri dliku... innassaha (see lapdtu mng. 4a) ABL38 r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 25, cf. (in brokencontext) Thompson Rep. 267 r. 14.

c) other set-aside areas: ana qaq-qarkit-te Sa ama4 u Adad isanniqma thediviner approaches the area selected asproper for the performance of the ex-tispicy BBR No. 75:19, cf. BBR No. 1-20:2,cf. qaq-qar tameti ann[ti]z Wiseman Treaties385; PN ina ka-aq-qa-ri a dini aSbu .. .ina ka-aq-qa-ri a dini l ibu (see adbumng. ld-5') JEN 332:2 and 9 (Nuzi); inumatuqatta mamma qa-qa-ar-§u liabat tdhazamlipuS when you have finished (the earthramp), let everyone take his place, let (theenemy) give battle KBo 1 11 obv.(!) 17, seeGiiterbock, ZA 44 116 (UrAu story).

d) blank space: qaq-qu-ru imtz[dma]there was room left (on the writing board)Hunger Kolophone No. 51:4, cf. (also referringto wooden tablets) qaq-qu-ru ma'ad ABL1277:11, see Parpola LAS No. 318 (both NA);2 Ju-i qaq-qar ina muhhi lei mulfuruJCS 6 66:26, cf. ibid. 5 and 21 (LB).

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qaqqaru A 5ee) site, location, position of a building,

an object - 1' of a building: anhussuunekkir qa-qar-gu u'eni I removed its(the temple's) weakened remains andchanged its site Weidner Tn. 17 No. 8:16; eliubtiu kitti ul epuma eni qd-qd-ar-u

it was not built upon its proper emplace-ment, its site having been changedOECT 1 pl. 25 ii 12 (Nbn.), cf. (obscure) epidget-ti kdpidu eni qaq-qar-u (see eni v.mng. lg-4' LambertBWL 130:96; akSuahratimi qaq-qar ali 6udtu u bitdt ildni la mu§-8i(see mussi v. mng. Ic) OIP 2 84:53 (Senn.),of. ibid. 137:38; over the (old) foundationterrace ofEulmai I placed this foundationterrace eli pa-ni qaq-qar agkunu au lamae temenna Eulma4 Eulma4S puS I putit (the terrace) upon the level(?) of the(former) location, (and) so that the found-ation terrace of Eulmai not be forgotten,I (re)built Eulma CT 34 33 iii 4 (Nbn.),cf. igtu pa-ni qd-qd-ri-im 18 KUl uap=pilma OECT 1 pl. 26 ii 43 (Nbn.), also pa-niqd-qd-ru ugappilma CT 37 16 iii 11 (Nbk.);umma bitu ina qaq-qa-ri-u KI asurre

URU(?) BE (obscure, see asurri mng. Ic)CT 40 2:46 (SB Alu).

2' of an object: qd-qd-ar gipkat IM.SIG4.DU8 the place where bricks arestored Gautier Dilbat 12:2; ina qd-aq-qd-arilqi agurram i-x ut&r he returns the(borrowed) kiln-fired bricks to the placefrom which he took (them) TCL 11 212:5(OB), cf. Greengus Ishchali 235:5; qaq-qa-ruana PN ukallimma ... IN.NU ... ana PNinandin he will indicate to PN the location(from which to take clay) and will givestraw to PN (for making bricks, for contextsee labdnu A mng. la) Langdon Kish 3pl. 14 1929,144:6 (NB); ina qaq-qar 5eha-[t]iuS[ettaq] he passes (the torch) by theemplacement of the censers (parallel: inamuhhi palri, ina qabal biti) Or. NS 21137: 16, cf. tallak ina qaq-qar I-yti tuSettaq(parallel: ina qabal biti, ina muhhi Sghtid)Ebeling Parfiimrez. pi. 10:5, see Or. NS 21 130f.,also (parallel: ina parakki tugettaq) qaq-

qaqqaru A 8aqar iehti la qardbi <tuSettaq? > ibid. 13(takultu rit.), and parallel STT 88 xii 16, seeFrankena, BiOr 18 201 x 16; I erected thestatue ina qaq-qi-ri e-qi at the emplace-ment of the . . . . 3R 7 ii 44 (Shalm. III), seeSchramm Einleitung 72.

f) other space: dullini ki ahd'ig nikriknepu ka-qu-ru ibaAsi u ana maggartinisIG5 we will promptly(?) perform ourritual, there is space (for it) and (thespace) is suitable for our watching (thebed) ABL 433 r. 5; ana maddkti ka-qu-ruma'da PN uktallim (see maddktu mng. la)ABL 100 r. 8; kittu qaq-qu-ru ana sadari eaias a matter of fact, there is little room formaneuvering ABL 17:8, see Parpola LAS No.174 (all NA); 20 lu-u qaq-qa-ri ina paninirapa4 5 marditi qaq-qa-ru 40 x ribit EN.NUN ABL 617:6f. (NB).

6. open country: u ina ~B duri AN.MISin ana ka-qi-ri la illak during the periodof the eclipse of the moon (the king) mustnot go to the open country ABL 437 r. 13,see Parpola LAS No. 280; dlu ana pani~unuul dlumi qa-qa-ru ana panI[unu] ul qa-qa-ru KBo 19 98 col. b 6f. (Naram-Sin legend).

7. surface, area (in math.): a brick, xis its length, y is its width, z is its heightKI SAHAR.BI . . . EN.NAM what is (its)area and its volume ? MCT 91 3, and passimin this text; 10 rup am 6utamhir 1,40 ka-qd-ra tammar square 10, the width, youget 1,40, the area TMB 130 No. 232:2, also233:2, and passim in math., see TMB indexp. 224, MCT index p. 163; qd-qd-rum eliqd-qd-rum EN.NAM SUKUD how muchhigher is one level (of water in a water-clock) than the other level? TMB 26 Nos.50:3, 51:1, 52:4.

8. the earth - a) used in oppositionto Sama: the miqtu disease itu 6am inaqa-qa-ri intaqta fell from heaven to theearth Ugaritica 5 17 r. 12 (inc.); Anum abuSaitu Samd'e ippugalli qd-qd-ar-6u-umAnu, her father, cast her down fromheaven to earth BIN 4 126:13 (OA inc.), see

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qaqqaru A 8avon Soden, Or. NS 25 142; [te]rralu ana qd-qd-ri-Su send him (Adapa) back to theearth (from heaven) EA 356:70; malkatamdmi a-ka-aq-qd-ri andku Itar I, IMtar,

am queen of the heavens to(?) the earthVAS 10 213:8 (OB hymn to IMtar), cf. ibid. 6and 10, dUTU nur 6amdme u qaq-qa-ri (var.qaq-qar) Wiseman Treaties 422; [u]sappi amal A dad bdr& Samdme qaq-qar I prayedto Aama§ and Adad, the diviners of heavenand earth Streck Asb. 258 i 33; kabtat pul:hatka qd-aq-qd-ra-am [u S]a-ma-i emdetheavy weighs your fearsomeness, itreaches earth and heaven JRAS Cent. Supp.pl. 7 ii 7 (OB lit.); [ill-su-u 6ami qaq-qa-ruirammum the heavens cried out, the earthwas rumbling Gilg. V iii 15; [ia] §ameqi[la] 9a qaq-qa-ri 6imd pija (you) ofheaven, listen, (you) of the earth, hearkento my words KAR 71 r. 2; kima amm elqa-aq-qa-ri-im habrat just as heaven issuperior(?) to the earth (so may my wordbe superior to your word) RA 36 10:11(Akk.-Hurr. bil.); [6?] ana jdSi kima AN-eandku ana idJu [kima qaq]-qa-ri BMS13:20 (+) Loretz-Mayer Su-ila 47 r. 3'; ina ilizaSam BAR.ME§ Sa qaq-qa-ri 6a'il hehas asked the gods of heaven, thesanctuaries of the earth (for a sign)gurpu II 121, also Maqlu VI 108; ina re46arrutija ... i4laknanimma iddt [da.miqti] ina Samdme (var. adds u) qaq-qa-ri Borger Esarh. 16 Ep. 12 iii 12, cf. ibid.45 ii 5, Streck Asb. 180:19; umi4amma inaniphi u riba ia famdmi u qd-qd-ri dummiqittdtia daily at (your) rising and settingmake my signs favorable in heaven and onearth VAB 4 226 iii 18 (Nbn.); k a Sameqaq-qu-ru ddrani [Sumu Sa] Sarri belija inamat ASlur lu ddra just as heaven andearth last forever, may the name of theking, my lord, last forever in Assyria ABL1173:6, see Parpola LAS No. 212; Sa ina Samla epiuni Sarru bez' ina qaq-qi-ri etapalwhat has not been done in heaven theking, my lord, has done upon earth ABL595+870+ :6, see Parpola LAS No. 129; i88i kamu qaq-qi-ri lumaka ASur luke'in ibid. 21;

qaqqaru A 8cAN-l KI / qaq-qa-ru Thompson Rep. 229:2;ta el Sdzu ina amdmi u qaq-qa-ri la idi[...] (Urartu) apart from which no [. . .]is known in heaven or on earth TCL 3 +AfO 12 146:337 (Sar.), cf. (Sum. broken) 4R 20:35;8a qaq-qa-ru agd iddinu 8a gam annituiddinu (Ahuramazda) who created thisearth, who created this heaven VAB 3 101§ 1:2 (Dar. E), and passim in Achaem.; note:x uv ina qaq-qa-ri x beru ina ame TCL6 21:5 and passim (LB astron.).

b) land (contrasted with sea): mdriPN itu qa-qa-ri u L.ME§ GN iitu ajabba(see ajabba usage a) EA 105:11 (let. ofRib-Addi).

c) in other contexts - 1' in lit.: malkua qaq-qa-ri unalMaqu Igpeka the rulers

of the earth kiss your feet Gilg. VII iii 44and VIII iii 3; [ina] qaq-qa-ri tuma'ir abrdtiana ilz rabuti tuiarbi zik[ra] on earth yougoverned the humans, among(?) the greatgods you made (your) name great LKA17:15, see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 346; nikkas anaqaq-qa-ri [. .. ] eru imqutma [Etana fell?]three cubits toward the earth, the eaglefell Bab. 12 pl. 11 Rm. 2,454 r. 17 (Etana);iulialMu ka-qd-ar-u raise him up to earth

RB 59 246 str. 7:6 (OB lit.); ina qaq-qar ibniilu dluAu AnSt 5 98:33 (SB Cuthean Legend),cf. eli qaq-qa-ru a ibnd qdtdka En. el.V 135.

2' in Achaem. inscrs.: Artaxerxes armdtdti a ina muhhi qaq-qar gabbi king ofall the countries that are on the entireearth VAB 3 123: 1, cf. a. . . ana RN SarriSarrutu iddinu ina qaq-qar agd rapidtu amdtdte md tu ina libbilu ibid. 85 § 1:5(Dar. Pg); I am Darius Sarru rab... .arruSa qaq-qa-ru agdta rabztu ruqtu the greatking, king of this wide and broad earthibid. 103 § 2:17 (Dar. E), cf. (Xerxes) Sarqaq-qa-ri rabtu rapatu ibid. 119 § 2:12, cf.ibid. 109 § 2:7, 113 § 2:6, 117 § 2:16, (Arta-xerxes) Sarri rabi [Sar]ri qaq-qa-ru ibid.125:2.

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qaqqaru B9. nether world: zunnani klina nalMi

guhhani kima dimti rzdani qaq-qar-u-unu m rain down like dew, flow down liketears, go down to the nether world AfO23 43:32 (SB fire inc.), parallel K.6057 (courtesyW. G. Lambert); ana DINGIR-tum beiti [qa] q-qi-ri rabztu to DN, mistress cf the "greatearth" LKA 62 r. 10 and 12, see Ebeling, Or.NS 18 35f., cf. ana KUR.NU.GI4.A qaq-qa-ri[. . .] CT 15 45:1 (Descent of Ittar).

10. floor: see gii.ki.ma = qaq-qarGI§.[MA] wooden floor of a boat Hh. IV365, in lex. section.

Knudsen, JCS 15 86ff. Ad mng. 3d: Balkan, Or.NS 36 411 n. 3. Ad mng. 5e: Baumgartner, ZA 3637 f.

qaqqaru B s.; (a type of wool or gar-ment); RS, Nuzi.

3 TOG qa-qa-ru ma-[...] MRS 6 207RS 15.135:12; wool given ana fimi ana2 MA.NA tabarriwe ka-aq-qa-ri to buytwo minas of red q.-wool HSS 15 329:5,cf. ibid. 11.

qaqqu (gakku) s.; name of the cunei-form sign GAG; SB; wr. GAG.

du-u, ru-u, ga-ag GAG (sign name:) qaq-qu S a

194ff.; [du-u], da-a], [ru-u], [he-e]n-bur, ga-agGAG (sign name:) ga-[ak-ku] Ea II 1-6, cf. MIN(= la-'-u) LAL.GAG (sign name:) MIN (= la-al) gaq-qa-ku = ribbdtu Ea I 253; [da-la IGI.G]AG i-gigaq-qa-k[u] = [.il-lu-u] Ea V 195'.

summa GAG if there is (a mark in theform of) a GAG sign (on his cheek?) KAR395 r. ii 7 (physiogn.).

qaqqaf s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*mu-u MU = ni- I qaq-qu-u A III/4:21.

Variant based on an exemplar in whichthe sign could be interpreted as either NIor GAG.

qaqqullu (qdqullu, qdqultu) s.; 1. (aplant), 2. (a tree), 8. (a bird); MB,SB, NB.

qaqi[6.teme(inverted NAGA)] = man-[gu], qaq-[qul-

lu], 5[a-me-fu] Hh. XVII 78ff., cf. 6. sa""aTEME =[qa-qu-lum] RS Recension 57, in MSL 10 109;te-e fJ.NAGA-ten~ = man-gu, qa-qu-lum, 6d-me-tuDiri IV 6 ff.; te-me NAGA-tenu = qa-qu-lum, man-gu,id-mi-tu A VII/4:98f.; [a.TEME] : t man-gu, Usa-me-tu, f qa-qu-lu Uruanna II 278-280, [...]:t MIN ibid. 281, [f.SAG.IL] : qa-qu-lu (in samecontext) ibid. 282-284, cf. [Ui.tem]e, [ui.sag.i]l= qa-qu-lu (in same context, see mangu B) VAT11940:6 and 9, in MSL 10 100; ft.NAGA.ginx(GIM)he.dim.e = kima qa-[qu-li] liS-[mut-su] NabnituQ 87; SUHU qa-qu-li : [U M]u ba(?)-ab(?)-xSTT 94:14.

bur[u5.x.x.mugen] = ku-lu-up-(pu>-u = ki-[ri]p(or -lip)-pu-u qa-qu-ul-lum Hg. B IV 300, inMSL 8/2 170, completed by RA 17 156 K.7712,cf. [x.x.muen] = ku-lu-ip-pd(text -ku) // ki-rip(or -lip)-pu-u = qa-qu-ul-lum Hg. C I 22, inMSL 8/2 172.

1. (a plant): qa-qu-ul-lu SAR CT 1450:24 (NB list of plants in Merodachbaladan'sgarden); I throw down (atabbak) the ene-mies ki qa-a-qi-li HS 1885:14 (unpub. MBtext, cited AHw. 901 sub qdqullu).

2. (a tree): hutpald(GIg.TUKUL.SAG.NA 4) §a GIB qa-qu-ul-li teppuS ... GI§.TUKUL dAMAR.UD au-ma (beside a hutpaliof GI§.MA.NU.TUR.TUR = mart) youmake a mace out of q., it is the mace ofMarduk K.3457+8195+10632:8 (rit.), see Bor-ger, BiOr 30 182; GI§.TUKUL dMarduk = qa-qu-ul-tu (in list of divine weapons identi-fied as marti, etc., see hihinu) 3R 69No. 3:76.

3. (a bird): see Hg., in lex. section.In the 3R ref. the last sign is probably

to be emended.For rab qdquldte (or qaqqullate) see kak=

kullu in rabi qaqqullte.

qaqfi s.; (a bird); OB, MB; cf. qaqdnu.u5.sim mugen = qa-qu-u Hh. XVIII 373;

u 5 .sim mu6en = qa-qu-t = tar-ma-zi-lu, u 5 .munmuen = pa-'-d = qa-qa-nu Hg. C I 36f., in MSL8/2 173; [u 5].sim mulen = qa-qu-i= [tar-ma-zi-lu] Hg. B IV 251, in MSL 8/2 167.

Sa .. . hiftu ina eqlim ina la ma.garMU§EN qd-q-e.ME§ ra-bu-um (for rabz=turn) ibbaSii that there occurs much

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qaqulludamage in the field because there is noguard against q.-birds VAS 16 179:11 (OBlet.); [x] qa-qu-u MUAEN (in list of birdsreceived by the fowler, between UZ.TUR.MU§EN and UZ.MU§EN) CBS 8738:2 (MB,courtesy W. van Soldt).

qaqullu s.; (a type of field); NB.*1 GUR KU qa-qu-ul-lu U§.SA.DU [...]

one gur of. ... q. (field) adjoining [...]82-7-14,1791 r. 8; x gur (of flour) LU erre)eSd KU qa-qu-lu of the .... q. (field)(parallel: erree6a itti ikkardti) Nbk. 131:20,cf. dates ZAG.LU makkur SamaS d KU qa-qu-ul 82-7-14,256:2; [meS]hdta ZAG(?) xKU(or LU) qa-qu-ul-l[u ... ] measure-ments of the .... of the .... q. (fields)(followed by measurements and names)Dar. 47:1, cf. [.. .] KU(or LU) qa-qu-ul-lu(heading of list of fields) 82-7-14,2099:1.

In each ref. the word is preceded by thesign KU (in Dar. 47:1 and 82-7-14,2099: 1 morelike LU), whose reading and meaning areunknown.

qqullu see qaqqullu.

qiqultu see qaqqullu.

qarab-biti (qerab-biti) s.; 1. storeroom,2. inner quarters of a house; OA; cf.qerebu.

1. storeroom: 35 TiG ina qd-ra-bi4-tim ibaAiu 35 textiles are in the store-room TCL 20 158:16, cf. (jars) a i-qd-ra-bi4 -tim iblianim KT Hahn 40:7; ina Aittasudtim a PN u jdti a a§iniu larmanimai-qd-ra-bi4 -tim iba £iani 9A.BA 1 suam anaPN2 dinama of the two millstones be-longing to PN and me which are stored,broken in two, in the storeroom, of thesegive (pl.) one millstone to PN2 TCL 2098:10, cf. (wagons, plows) [ina] qd-ra-bi 4-tim i-b[a(?)-i-] BIN 6 258:11; makci"u pirikanni kunukk Sa PN a ina qd-ra-bi-tim ezibu the skins and the pirikannu gar-

qarabuments under the seals of PN that I left inthe storeroom VAT 9254:6; the day you(pl.) read my tablet ana qd-ra-bi4 -tim er=bama mehrija imdma enter the storeroom(of my house) and read my documents(and collect every mina of silver outstand-ing) TCL 19 30:7, cf. ana qd-ra-bi4 -tim er:bama tuppja pitia TCL 14 19:4; Sa fkimalabini a-qd-ra-bi4-tim nuSeribma [k]ima Akunukki tuppi u kuluma fral-Q~-ru we hadthe representatives of our principal enterthe storeroom, and (it appeared) thatthe sealed room, the tablets, and every-thing were well guarded CCT 2 33:24;3 -ubdti a qd-ra-bi4-tim PN ublam PNhas brought me three textiles from thestoreroom VAT 9282:10, cf. ibid. 2, citedLewy, KT Hahn p. 50f. ad 40:7, cf. 25 TUGi-qa-ra-bi4-tim alqe JCS 26 69:16; 10GIN a-qd-ra-bi4 -tim RA 59 25 MAH 16204:10;ina x TUG kutdn ... . a PN uleiannimaina q'-ra-bi4-tim ezibu 5 kutdni andkualqe from the x kutdnu textiles whichPN sent up and left in the storeroom Itook five kutdnu textiles ICK 1 173:5, cf.fuppi ... ina qe-ra-bi4-tim ina libbi tup:pija §uknalu TCL 19 36:13.

2. inner quarters of a house: .uhdramana mamman la tulliri ina q6-ra-bi-tim-malirbi you (fem.) should not relinquish thechild to anyone else, he should grow upin the inner part of the house CCT 236a:25.

Because of the writing qd-ra-bi/bi4-tim(never qd-ra-ab bi/bi4 -tim) the word istaken as a compound.

J. Lewy, KT Hahn p. 50f. ad 40:7.

qarabu s.; battle, fight; NA; Aram. lw.sandqu, mit-hu-qu = qa-ra-bu LTBA 2 No.

2:238f., parallel No. 1 v 30f., cf. sa-na-qu = qa-ra-bu An IX 23; t-ru-mu = qa-ra-bu ibid. 25, dupl.(with var. -Su, see qardSu) LTBA 2 No. 2:242.

a) with eppuu to do battle, to fight:they have made holes in the door qa-ra-bu ina libbi uppuSu and (now) arefighting inside (mng. uncert.) ZA 511 40:69,

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qarabu

dupl. ZA 52 226:25, cf. dlu ana muhhi[u]ittabalkat qa-ra-bu ina libbi u[ppu]Su thecity revolted against him (Marduk), andthey rioted in it ZA 51 134:23, dupl. [...qa-r] a-bu utappil ZA 52 226:13 (cultic comm.);you swear that ina muhhiu la tabbalak-.katani ina gammurti libbikunu qa-ra(var.adds -a)-bu issidu la tuppa[aniSunni]you will revolt against him (the rebelking) and wholeheartedly fight him Wise-man Treaties 311; qa-ra-bu ina GN .. itap=pi4u they have made an attack on GNIraq 25 76 No. 79:4, cf. qa-ra-bu uil-pa-dSIraq 20 200 No. 47:14 (coll. S. Parpola); SituPN ina GN qa-ra-bu i-sa-ha-ji-si uppuAuhe (and) PN are fighting each other in GNABL 645:10; §umma qa-ra-bu tuppal epfauld rammea md andku ina libbi la qurbdkif you want to fight, do it or let it go,I have nothing to do with it ABL 174:14.

b) other occs.: my lord [ana q]a-ra-bi lu la iqarrib must not take partin the battle CT 53 958:5, cf. [LO].GAL.ME -- ka qa-r[a-bu luppiu?] ibid. 8, alsoina qar-a-bi la ni-il-lak ABL 1315:19, cf.ibid. 11, 17, r. 10, qar-a-bi (in broken con-text) CT 53 824:8; GIA.MA.MEA qa-ra-bimala ittiu dbe tdhazi u abbitu ina qdteall the warships he (Tirhaka, who hadfled from Memphis) had with him, thetroops captured Streck Asb. 160:23, cf. GI§til-li qa-ra-bi battle equipment ibid. 52vi 17; lullik 5a KUR Urartaja limur qa-rab-Si-nu I want to go and test how theUrartians fight STT 43:14 (Shalm. III),see AnSt 11 150:14; ina libbi qa-ra-bi usse=teqa ABL 424 r. 4, cf. (in broken context) Iraq20 182 No. 39:8, Iraq 17 26 No. 2:27', Iraq 3522:8 (all NA letters).

von Soden, Or. NS 37 264, Or. NS 46 192.

qarabu see qerebu.

qaradu A v.; (mng. uncert.); EA, SB,NA; I imp. qurud, 1/2, 11/2.

a) qarddu (EA only): qi-ru-u[d-mi]ana 6arri bil[ika] urge(?) the king, your

qarahulord (remainder broken) EA 69:30, cf.qu-ru-ud-mi ana §arri belija EA 87:25 (bothletters of Rib-Addi).

b) 1/2: [...].gal SAG.KAL [x X g]i.na tag.tag.ga [x x (x) ha.r]a.ab.be.na.a : an ilik marmaihuti Qihi qit-rad-ma le'imma liqb2ka .... smilinglyfor the task of the paiu priest, so thatthey will say of you: (He is) a skilled manLambert BWL 252 iii 17.

c) II: LU angq uq-ta-ri-da-a§-6u thepriest .... -ed him (in accordance withthe king's orders) ABL 633+(= CT 53 46):26,cf. LO.ID uq-ta-[ri-da-d-nu(?)] zaqipdniissakanunu ABL 1014 r. 10 (NA).

qaradu B v.; to pluck wool; lex.*; cf.qerdu s., qurrudu adj.

§IDqd-ra-du Proto-Izi I 257.

zA // ba-qa-a-mu II z / qa-ra-du, z // na-sa-a-hu RA 13 137 r. 5f. (comm.).

The mng. proposed is based on theparallelism with baqdmu and on the mng.of the derivatives. In the omen Summaahu libitti bit ameli i-qar(or -kdr)-ra-du

(var. u-qar-ra-zu) if pigs .... the brick-work of a man's house Leichty Izbu XXII18', var. from CT 38 45:18 and 46:18 (SB Alu),the verb seems to represent a phoneticvariant to kard4u, q.v.; [.. .] x UDU.NITAi-x-[x Zu].ME§-i i-GA-rad AMT 26,9:5 +66,10:1 is obscure.

von Soden, Or. NS 26 135 f.

qaradu see qurrudu v.

qarahu v.; to become iced up; NA; Iiqruh - *iqarruh, II; cf. qarhu.§umma qar-hu ina muhhiSu la iq-ru-huif no ice forms on it ABL 1305 r. 2; (theyshall proceed?) adi qar-hu la i-qar-ra-hu-ni before it ices up ABL 531 r. 17;PN GUD(?) ... naphar annte a GA.ME§5a salliate a qa-ru-hi a janiqi Sa gu~urePN (and five other persons) all these who(are in charge of) the milk, the (fruit)

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qaramubaskets, the sherbet(?), the januqu meat,(and) the beams ADD 909 r. 2.

The ADD ref. most likely represents aII inf.

Landsberger, ZA 42 157 f.; von Soden, Or. NS 37264.

qaramu v.; to overlay; MA, NA; I (onlystative attested), II; cf. qirmu.

tu-qar-ram 5R 45 K.253 vi 1 (gramm.).

4 armu hammurtu 5a iqi hurdEa qar-mufour recumbent armu bucks made of wood,overlaid with gold AfO 18 306 iv 8, cf. ibid. 5,(a bronze object) garpa qa-ri-im ibid. 308iv 19f., 25, 27, la qa-ri-im ibid. 28 (MAinv.); obscure: qar-mat qar-mat PostgatePalace Archive 99 case 8 and 9 (NA); aki ha hdeqa-ri-mu 1-en DU x v-ku ta ru x LKA35:13 (lit.).

qaranu see gardnu.

qararu s.; (a textile); NA*; pi. qard=rdtu; wr. syll., often qar-dru(PA).

GI§.NA adi GI§.DA(?) 3 TUG dappasdtiT<JG qar-ra-ru (listed among articlesgiven as dowry) K.880b:10 (NA let.); kirika9a TUG qa-ra-a-ru 2 TUG dappasate TUGqirmu (among garments and furnituregiven as dowry) Iraq 16 55 ND 2307:23, seePostgate NA Leg. Docs. No. 14; 2 TjG dap-paadt 1 TUG qirmu 1 TUG guleni 1 TUGqar-dru(PA) 1 TOG SI.LUH annite §a er ia bit Serua la ni-in-tu-ha two tappatu

garments, one qirmu, one gulenu, one q.,one .... , these (are articles) for the bedin the temple of DN, we have not brought(them) ADD 959:4; 2 kublu 3 $iprat SA5KAR 4 qar-dru(PA) SI ME GtN.A(!) ADD957:9; 2 TUG qa-ra-rrat1.ME§ (in list ofgarments) Iraq 23 20 (pl. 10) ND 2311:4, seePostgate, Iraq 41 101; wool ana T1YG qar-[dru] (parallel: ana TIOG qirmu) ADD 954:6.

qararu (gardru) v.; 1. to flow, to over-flow, 2. to pour, 3. qurruru to spray,to sprinkle, 4. IV (unkn. mng.); MB,

qarAru

SB, NB; I iqarrur, pl. (in mng. 2) iqarraru, iqarru, II, IV; cf. qaruru.

hal = ga-ra-ru, hal. hal = MIN Ad me-e (followedby MIN Sa L1J, nagarruru, see gardru A) AntagalIII 22 f.; [du-ru] [A] = ru-ut-bu-um, x-lum, [la]b-ku, [na]-qar-ru-ru MSL 2 126 i 7ff. (Proto-Ea).

hal I qa-ra-ra 8d A.ME§ CT 41 45 BM 76487:9(Uruanna Comm., to Kocher Pflanzenkunde 28 ii27); ig-da-nar-ru-ur: i-qar-ru-ur Hunger Uruk33:3 (comm. to Labat TDP Tablet VII).

tu-qar-ra-dr 5R 45 K.253 vi 3 (gramm.).

1. to flow, to overflow: 6umma ndru mekajamdnutu ubilma mina kima rddi i-qar-ru-ri KI.MIN idarraru if a river carriesnormal (amounts of) water, but its wateroverflows, variant: runs off, like (that of)a downpour CT 39 17:60 (SB Alu); uncert.:tettirma hiqba la qdtd qa-ri-ra tepti (seeetiru A mng. 3b-2) AfO 19 65 iii lowerportion 8 (SB lit.).

2. to pour: 1 MA.NA a-ba-ra a-naK[A-S]u i-qar-ra-ru they will pour onemina of (molten) lead into his mouth (aspunishment) 3N-T147:29 (MB leg., courtesyJ. A. Brinkman), also BBSt. No. 30 r. 4 (NB),cf. ga dabdba annd inf ... 1 MA ESIR 1 MAkupra ana pi~u i-qa-ar-ru CBS 10733 r. 9,see RA 73 188, note: 1 MA.NA a-ba-ra anapiu u-q[ar-ra-ru] UET 7 25 r. 12 (both MBleg.).

3. qurruru to spray, to sprinkle: amnapdka tumalla ana appi ularibu tu-qar-ra-aryou fill your mouth with oil (and) sprayit onto his glans penis AMT 66,7:16, cf. Ihalna ana KA-Sd tu-qar-ra-dr Kocher BAM201:12, also AMT 55,7:14; ina i hal4i inamuhhi lildni u tu-qar-ra-dr you sprinkle(the medication) onto his tongue in haluoil RA 40 116:11, also Kocher BAM 43:7; i.§IM.LI gind ana nakkaptiu tu-qar-<ra>-dr youregularly sprinkle juniper oil on histemples Kocher BAM 3 iii 48; me kaitiana muhhi reiu tu-qar-ra-dr yousprinkle cold water on his head KiichlerBeitr. pi. 1 i 13; md Sunf baluiti ana qaq=qadilu tu-qar-ra-dr you sprinkle boiled

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qarAru6unu sap on his head CT 23 26 ii 8 (= KocherBAM 480); see also UET 7 25, cited mng. 2.

4. IV (unkn. mng.): 6umma kakkabSame imqutma kima me ig-ga-ri-ir if afalling star shimmers (?) like water BM47461 :22' (EnumaAnu Enlil), with explanationA ig-ga-ri-ir libbu A.ME§ i-sa-am-bu-u'water shimmers (?) (means) as waterripples (?) ACh IMtar 30:50.

The verb qardru, said of fluids, is usedboth as intransitive (pres. iqarrur) and astransitive (pres. iqarrar). It is here dif-ferentiated from gardru A and gardru Bon the basis of the meaning as well as thedistribution of the spellings.

qararu see gardru A.

qari~u (gardfu) v.; 1. to trim, carve(meat), to make dough into loaves (?),2. qurruu (uncert. mng.); OB, SB, NB;I iqarral, II; cf. qiru A, quraStu.

pad, kid, im.kid, Au.bibr.biur = qa-ra-gum,ninda.im.kid = NINDA qi-ir-6i, ba, ku.dub(!).ba = qur-ru-Sum Nabnitu J 292-298; ki-dKID =qa-ra-F,, bu-lu-ugBuR = MIN d OGI (followed byqura.tum) Antagal G 28f.; ku-ud KUD = qd-ra-suA 111/5:77.

u-ru(var. adds -um)-mu = qa-ra- u(var. -bu)LTBA 2 No. 1 v 34 and dupl. No. 2:242.

tu-qar-ra 5R 45 K.253 vi 2 (gramm.).

1. to trim, carve (meat), to make doughinto loaves (?) - a) to trim, carve meat:uzu riqti uzu bdb urkdti uzu hilidamuuzu hini ul i-ga-ra-d6 he will not cutoff the omasum, the ... ., the hilidamu,or the fatty tissue Nbk. 247:9, cf. (insimilar context), wr. i-qar-ra-d Nbk. 416:2,also [riqi] tu bab ulkdti hilidamu uzu[hini ul i]-ga-ar-'u Peiser Vertrage 107:9(coll. F. W. Geers).

b) to make dough into loaves (?): see(with Sum. equivalents pad, (im.)kid,Su. bdr. b r) Nabnitu, in lex. section.

2. qurruSu (uncert. mng.): U4.HI.INga irld libbiluma liquru ana ger kurummd..

qarbuhutifunu li-qd-ar-ri-[f]u-ma likulu theyshould dry and save the dates that theyhave received, they should .... and eatthem in addition to their rations TLB 411:28 (OB let.); ana NU TE ina KI SUBNINDA u-qar-ra ana SILA.LIM.MA ina-x[. . .] so that (the evil) not approach (him)he . ... .- s bread on the place where hefell, [he ... ] to the square Ebeling KMI55:9 (coll. F. W. Geers); 6umma lildndu i-qar-ra-ad if he ... -s his tongue Labat TDP62:15.

qarattu see qardu.

qars'u see qeru.

qarbatu see qerbetu.

qarbitu s. pl.; (mng. uncert.); NA.*qar-ba-te-ia -ma-ma-ni uerrab I will

let my q.-s bring in the animals ABL 433r. 11; [q]ar-ba-ti-ia ina IoI-[~ assapra]nuk I sent my q.-s to him, saying ABL1346 r.(!) 6, cf. qar-ba-ti-ia [. . .] assapraCT 53 693:4; UD.4.KAM [. . .] ina libbi [dli]iqtarba qar-ba-te-Su usseia on the fourthhe arrived in Assur and brought out hisq.-s ABL 562:12; qar-ba-te-ii 4 su ma(in broken context) ABL 510:11.

The term seems to refer to a group ofpersons.

Parpola, OLZ 1979 32 s.v. qerbetu.

qarbitu s.; (a garment for the statueof a god or goddess); NB.*

TUG qar-bit (beside fer'itu and othergarments for gamag, Aja, and Bunene)BBSt. No. 36 v 43 and 55, vi 1 and 4; TUG qar-bit GAL ibid. v 49.

qarbu see qerbu s.

qarbuhu s.; (a plant); plant list.*fj qar-bu-hu : v MIN (= bu-'-Md-nu) Uruanna II

112.

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qarbfim

qarbfm (AHw. 903a) see qerb adj.

qarbuitu see qurbitu in a qurbiti.

qardammu (qurdammu) s.; wicked, ro-guish person; SB.

Iu.gil.gil = qar-da-mu Lu Excerpt II 185.Au.ur.ur.zi.ga.zu dlr.ra.ginx(GIM) lu.gil.

gil gir.gir he.en.ak : kailfki nadru kima Irraqar-da-mu lilabriq may your (Istar's) fearful weap-on strike the wicked with lightning like the plaguegod RA 12 74:19f.; ld.gil.gil si.nu.sa.e.dami.ni.i[n . . .] : qar-da-mi la [. . .] (the horses)[trample?] the wicked who are not [.. .] 4R 12 r. 5f.

qar-da-mu = eg-ru Malku I 79, qar-da-mu, a-dam-mu, tu-qu-un-td = nak-ru ibid. 80ff.; ga-ru-i =nak-ru, qar-da-mu = eg-ru An VIII 83 f.

[e.sa].gil = kdSid naphar qar-da-mu E bi-i-tusA ka-Sa-du KIL nap-ha-ru GIL qar-da-mu AfO 17133:23f. (comm. on the name Esagil).

aSSu haatm pz muStarhi kds puridi qar-dam-mi in order to muzzle the mouth ofthe insolent, to shackle the legs of thewicked TCL 3 9 (Sar.); (Ninurta) mut,taklammi qar-da-[mi] KAR 83 r. i 13; matqar-da-mu li-ge-sak-ka (see gesu) unpub.Jena text, cited von Soden, Or. NS 24 383; KI.MIN (= tele'i) sa-hi dd-ma i eli qur-da-me§akdnu you are able to place the ....of SamaS on the rogue STT 71:24, see RA53 135, cf. KI.MIN ina girri naphu qar(textam) -da-me na-Sd-a-[x] you are able tothrow the rogue into a blazing fire ibid.28; dan-ni qar-da-me (in broken context)BMS 21:46.

qardaninu see karadnannu.

qardu (fem. qarittu, qarattu) adj.; heroic,valiant; from OAkk. on; cf. qardutu,*qarittu, qarrddu, qarrddutu, qitrudu,gurddu, qurdditu, qurdu A, qurrudu v.,taqridu.

[g]f. mur.ak = qar-du-um Kagal D Section 7 :7;[...] = qar-du MSL 12 141 ND 4373 ii 5-6a.

ga-M-an GA§AN = qa-rit-tum A 11/4:217.dul dUtu dIkur ur.sag : etlal amaA dad qar-

du CT 16 20:75f., parallel ibid. 21 : 150f.; ga a an.an.na.men me.e nu.men tu.mu ur.sag dmu.ul.lil.[la.men] : iftartu ul andk mdrtu qa-rit-

qarduturn dMIN andku am I not the divine one, being theheroic daughter of Enlil? ASKT p. 126:18f.

u 4 .bi.ra.ra suh.sfih gu.mur.ak.da.meA :rihi4ti Adad teI qar-du-te Sunu they (the demons)are the scourge of Adad, they are confusion, theyare valiant CT 16 19:40f.; qar-du-tim ina Igigi(Zababa and Ittar) the most valiant among theIgigi (corr. to Sum. [nun.g]al.e.ne.er [g]ui.mur in.ak.e§. a. a) YOS 9 35 i5 (Samsuiluna),see RA 63 33:5; gu 4 .ud dAsar.re.kex(ID) :Marduk qar-du (for context see $Ihi) 4R 20 i 34 f.

qar-du, qar-ra-du, qu-ra-a-du = MIN (= qar-ra-[du]) Explicit Malku I 98ff.; qa-rit-t = dtarMalku VIII 109.

a) referring to gods - 1' in absoluteuse - a' in gen.: ina Igigz qar-da-ku inaAnunnaki gaSrdku I (Irra) am the mostvaliant among the Igigi, the strongestamong the Anunnaki Cagni Erra I 111, cf.ina ildni qar-da-ki LKA 17:10, see Or. NS23 346; i4tiat ilt[um] qar-da-at el kalailatim there is one goddess more valiantthan all (other) goddesses VAS 10 214 vi 21(OB Agugaja); luna'id urbuta i-ni-li qd-ra-at-ta I will praise the greatest, the mostvaliant one among the gods ibid. i 2, cf.qa-ri-it-ta mdrat Sin ilta telzta (incipitof a song) KAR 158 ii 16; Nan& beltu girti§urbiti ili qa-rit-ti VAS 1 36 i 2 (NB kudurru),cf. BA 5 664 No. 22:1, cf. (Itar) RA 22 58 i 2;Lugalmarada beli kullat qd-ar-dam YOS1 44 ii 17 and dupl. VAB 4 78 iii 30 (Nbk.); anaNinurta gegri dandanni &zri aSarid il UR.SAG (var. qar-du) AKA 254 i 1 (Asn.), cf.ADD 641:6, a Ninurta . . . [gaS]ri qar-di. . . andku STT 215 i 38 and dupls., see Ebe-ling, ArOr 21 409:9; Papulegarra hild'u mu.tarrir daini qar-du-um talim EnunnakiPapulegarra the noble, who makes themighty(?) tremble, the heroic one, brotherof the Anunnaki JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 6 i 8(OB lit.); Bunene §arru tizqaru qar-du MDP2 p. 115:5 (MB kudurru); Nergal dannudannuildni ka4ka ildni zi-kir qar-du TCL 1213:17 (NB); zmuruma qar-da alaredu En.el. IV 70.

b' used as a superlative with followinggenitive: ina zikri Ninurta qar-di ildniat the command of Ninurta, the most

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qardu

valiant among the gods AKA 19:6 (A6§ur-rei-ili, = Weidner Tn. 54 No. 60); etlu dannu6a IStar qd-rit-ti ilati andku I am themighty man of DN, the most valiant of thegoddesses 5R 33 i 9 (Agum-kakrime), cf. BMS32:6, KAR 144 r. 1 and dupl., see RA 49 182:1;unli atlaki qa-rit-ti ildti move on, depart,most valiant of the goddesses Craig ABRT1 55 ii 5 (= BA 5 627); ana IAtar Uruk etelletSame u eryeti qa-rit-ti DINGIR.MES BorgerEsarh. 75:1, also 73 § 47:1; atti qa-rit-tiDINGIR.ME (Itar of Arbela) Streck Asb.114:44; dNinkarmunna qa-rit-ti [x] -x ra-'i-mat dUt-ux(GI GAL)-l[u] K.232+3371:28,partly in Craig ABRT 2 16:11.

2' in apposition to a divine name -a' qarittu DN: qd-ra-at-tum I tar RA 15176 ii 15 (OB Agulaja B); qd-rit-tu(var. -tum)IStar kanut ildti heroic Ihtar, honoredamong the goddesses BMS 5:11, see EbelingHanderhebung 60:1, also BMS 1:29 (catch line),also cited BBR No. 26 iii 55, aqictu 6Ipiutuqd-rit-tum IStar Craig ABRT 1 67:22 anddupl. KAR 144:13; qa-rit-ti IStar rabi qur-di-ki STC 2 pl. 78:34, see Ebeling Handerhe-bung 132; qa-rit-td Irnini KAR 25 ii 15, seeEbeling Handerhebung 14; ASur Ninlil qa-rit-ti dBe-let-[. . .] Streck Asb. 78 ix 87.

b' other occs.: Ea qar-du BIN 2 72:13(OB inc.), see von Soden, Or. NS 23 338; Ninurtaqar-du AKA 29 i 11 (Tigl. I), 182:35, 243 i 6,261 i 21, 384 iii 127 (all Asn.), also Tn.-Epic "ii"31, KAR 128 r. 26 (bil. prayer of Tn. II, Sum.broken); Girru qar-du Maqlu I 134, also (Irra)Streck Asb. 76 ix 57 and 78 ix 82; Marduk qar-du En. el. II 95 and IV 126; Mdr-biti qar-duVAS 1 36 i 17; ilu sibitti qar-du-ti AfO 825 vi 20 (Alur-nirari V); in personal names:Qar-dum-Adad RA 59 32 MAH 15876:12, alsoTCL 21 263:6, 9, KienastATHE 3:19, CCT 145:11(all OA); for OAkk. Qar-dum see MAD 5p. 100; Sunu-qar-du KAJ 73:24, and passimin MA, see Saporetti Onomastica 1 473 s.v.

3' in attributive use: Ninurta Aurbiilu qar-du JRAS Cent. Supp. pi. 2:1, also (Nusku)Craig ABRT 1 35:4, cf. [.. .] Igigi mansd

qardu

ila qar-da KAR 158 i 40; Adad Mardukilu qar-du-ti Surpu VIII 19; ilj sibitti iluqar-du-ti Borger Esarh. 79:12 and 96:10, alsoibid. 109 iv 5; (Adad) mdr Anim qar-du1R 70 iv 10 (Caillou Michaux), also TCL 3 147(Sar.), Unger Reliefstele 1 (Adn. III), also (Sin)KAR 69:23, (Girru) Maqlu II 104, III 183, IV 75,IX 31; tabnit Barsip qar-du (Nabf) heroicoffspring of Borsippa RT 19.61 No. 2:1 (SBlit.); Irnini mdrat Sin qa-rit-ti STC 2 pl.84:105, also pl. 75:5, see Ebeling Handerhebung130ff., also Streck Asb. 182:46, Farber IMtar undDumuzi 133:115; ina ITI.NE ITI MUL.BANmdrat Sin qa-rit-tu in the month of Abu,the month of the Bow star, (month) of theheroic daughter of Sin Streck Asb. 72 ix 10,cf. ibid. 198 iii 11; [ana] Ningal ... ummiill qa-rit-[tum] Streck Asb. 286:2; alti Eaqa-rit-td atti you (Damkina) are thevaliant spouse of Ea BMS 4:10, see EbelingHanderhebung 28, cf. (Irnina) ibid. 11; (Gula)azugallatu qa-rit-tu ZA 65 58:72 (MBkudurru).

b) referring to the king: RN etlu qar-du AKA 84 vi 55, also 46 ii 85, KAH 2 68:2,75:4, AfO 18 343:2 (all Tigl. I), Iraq 14 32:3,AKA 162:3, AAA 19 pl. 85 No. 272:2 (all Asn.),and passim in Asn., KAH 2 84:23 (Adn. II), Iraq25 52:9, WO 2 410 i 1 (both Shalm. III), LyonSar. 3:17, Winckler Sar. pl. 48:4, etc., see SeuxEpithetes 92 f.; etellu qar-du CT 37 21:3(Nbk.); zikaru qar-du KAH 2 84:17 (Adn. II),OIP 2 55:3, 66:1 (Senn.), Borger Esarh. 45 ii 13,Streck Asb. 6 i 39, etc., see zikaru mng. 2b;illakku qar-du BBSt. No. 6 i 3 (Nbk. I); ur.6dnu qar-du AOB 1 112:10 (Shalm. I), WeidnerTn. 26 No. 16 i 17; gugallam qd-ar-dam mu.makkir qarbdtim valiant canal inspectorwho irrigates the fields VAB 4 104 i 18,also ibid. 176 i 18, PBS 15 79 i 13, CT 37 5 i 10(all Nbk.); (GilgameS) [qa]r-du lillid UrukIraq 37 160 i 28 (Gilg. I).

c) said of troops: dbe tdhazija qar-du-ti . . . ina qereb elippti uSarkibluntima I had my brave warriors board boatsOIP 2 74:67 (Senn.); la etli qar-di purdduittura the steps of (even) the bravest man

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qarduturned back BBSt. No. 6 i 21 (Nbk. I); [nd4]azmarika lu qar-du JRAS 1920 568:14, seeLandsberger, MAOG 4 312 n. 1.

d) said of animals: kima ere qar-du-tiQruSSa uaprig I had (my troops) fly overit (the mountain road) like valiant eaglesTCL 3 25 (Sar.); Bunene admid pare qar-du-tu who drives spirited mules VAB 4260 ii 34 (Nbn.).

e) other occs.: lillu mdru pand i'alladle~m qar-du (var. qar-ra-[du]) a aninibissu a first child is born a weakling,but the name of the second is Able, BraveLambert BWL 86:263 (Theodicy); ina libbi qar-di a DN [dlik umel]ija narkabdti u um=mdndtija a[dki] (with the .... of Ninurtawho goes? at my right) with the braveheart of Adad who walks at my left Iset my chariotry and my troops in motionAfO 6 82 i 27 (AgAur-bel-kala); (if a child isborn when Mercury has come forth) DI§qar-da-at etellet emqdanpu-ug-<gu> -lu if it(the horoscope) is heroic, lordly, he (theboy) will be of massive strength TCL 614:31, see JCS 6 66.

qardu see gardu.

qarduitu s.; heroism, valor; SB; cf.qardu.

[nam.u]r.sag = qar-du-tum Izi Q 301.

a) of kings: a .. . aariduta gzirtaqar-du-ta taqigSAu to whom you (the greatgods) have granted leadership (in battle),high position, and heroism AKA 30 i 23;melam qar-du-ti-ja usehhipunuti the bril-liance of my valor overwhelmed them AKA48 iii 2; ina 6itmur qar-du-ti-ia-ma... anaGN allik in the impetuosity of my valorI marched against GN AKA 49 iii 7 (all Tigl. I);(the king) a ina metel qar-du-ti-nu whowith the might of his bravery (subjugatesthe enemy kings) (for parallels see qarsridtu) Weidner Tn. 10 No. 4 i 6, cf. BorgerEinleitung 136 iii 30 and 137:7 (A lur-bel-kala),cf. (the king) Sa. .. ina metel qar-du-ti-6u

qarhu

i4ddina <...> at the might of whosebravery their (the countries') foundations<are shaken?> 3R 7 i 9 (Shalm. III); kieri. . .met-la qar-du-tu lu-u lab-9i puluhtu luramt let my troops be girt(?) with powerand valor, laden with awe-inspiring terrorWiseman, BSOAS 30 497 i 15; litdt ASur belijatanitti qar-du-ti u mimma epit qdtija . ..ina qerbilu alfur the victories of AAtur,my lord, the glory of my valor, and allmy own deeds I inscribed thereon (onthis stela) 1R 30 iii 22 (Bami-Adad V), cf.(in similar context) tanatti qar-du-ti-iaIraq 14 33:30 (Asn.); eflu a AASur tanattiqar-du-ti-d 6utarruhu (see etlu mng.2b-2) KAH 2 84:77 (Adn. II); kma a inaqar-du-ti-ia-ma aASMur belu kakka dannamuekni4 la mdgiri qdti u4atmehuma miirmdtiSu ana ruppuSi iqbd as by my ownvalor on account of which ASur, thelord, put the mighty weapon that subduesthe disobedient in my hand and com-manded me to extend the frontiers of hisland AKA 47 ii 96 (Tigl. I); qar-du-rusl-su(in broken context) VAS 1 69:16; ta-[n]a(?)-'-id qar-du-ti-id Wiseman Chron. pl.20 BM 33041:9 (= Strassmaier Nbk. 329, VAB 4206 No. 48).

b) of I tar: (Igtar) §a paraq qar-du-ti(var. qar-ra-du-te) uklulat who is en-dowed with all the attributes of heroismKAH 2 84:4 (Adn. II), parallel AKA 244 i 10(Asn.), WO 2 144:13 (Shalm. III).

qaretu see qeritu.

qarhu s.; ice; NA;qardhu.

pl. qarhte; cf.

6u-ri-pu = qar-hu LTBA 2 No. 2:311.

kupp2 qar-hu dn the snow and ice aresevere ABL 544 r. 6, cf. 1arru bell uda kikup[pd] qar-ha-a-te ... ida'inuni Ki.1904-10-9,60:9 (courtesy K. Deller, = CT 53 158),see also ABL 1305 r. 2, ABL 531 r. 17, citedsub qardhu.

Landsberger, ZA 42 157 f.; von Soden, Or. NS37 264, Or. NS 46 192.

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qribuqiribu s.; (a bird); NA.

1000 qa-ri-be MUAEN.ME§ (listed withother fowl for the royal banquet) Iraq14 35:113 (Asn.); PN qa-ri-bu §a bir-ti [. .. ](parallels PN KUR.GI.MU§EN, PN adamsmumu lines 11f.) ADD 469 r. 10 (coll. S. Par-pola); for qdrib maghati see maghatu inqdrib maghati.

qariru (or gdriru) s.; (a profession orstatus); OB, Nuzi.

LU.SUR.RA LU ga-ri-pi qd-ri-ri LU.GUG 4.E (in list of professions) UET 7 73iii 12 (OB); kanikam §a x eqlim 5a ana17 LU. qd-ri-ri.ME§ Jamutba[li] innaddinuuStdbilakkum ana pi kanikim §udti eqlamana LU.gq-ri-ri.ME§ idin I have sent youthe sealed document about the field of xbur that is to be given to the 17 Jamut-balian q.-s, give the field to the q.-s inaccordance with that document BIN 7 4:7and 13 (OB let.); minumm [eql]eti §a dimti§a qa-ri-ri(-)f x-du u dimti GAL HSS 192:12.

The Nuzi ref. may represent a propername.

*qarittu s. fem.; heroic behavior; SB*;pl. qarddti; cf. qardu.

Date palm a nam.ur.sag.ga.kex(KID) : idi qar-da-a-ti the support ofheroic behavior CT 16 48:244 f., restored fromAfO 16 299 i 7 f., for parallels see qarrddutu.

qaritu (qiritu) s.; storeroom, granary;from OB on; pl. qardtu, qar&tu, qirdtu;wr. syll. and GAX~E; cf. qartu in bitqariti.

[a-sag] [t]x§E = qd-ri-tum MSL 3 220 G6 iv 5(Proto-Ea); [e-sa]g E.[§E] = qd-ri-tum (betweenaSlukkatu and isru) Diri V 286; sa-ag §E = §dSx§E qa-ri-tum A VII/4:34; e-sag oAXSE = qa-[ri-tu] Sb I 317; [e-sag] GAx§E = qa-ri-tum (fol-lowed by isr) Ea IV 250; u-si GAxE = qi-ri-tumrn Sb I 313a; GAXSE = qi-re-e-tum (ingroup with aclukkatu and isru) Antagal C 125;[a.sa]g = qd-ri-tum Proto-Kagal Bil. Section E 1.

qaritua-ru-u, a-ka-mu = qa-ri-tum Malku I 269 f.;

[i]s-ru, [a-ru]-u, [a-ka]-mu = qa-ri-t[u] ExplicitMalku II 122-124.

a) in econ. contexts: if a man handsover his grain to be stored in anotherman's house and ina qd-ri-tim ibbum it=tabli a loss occurs in the granary CH§ 120:8; x le'um 6u-ta-ap-ti qd-ri-i-tim §u.TI.A PN x barley, .... of the granary,received by PN ZA 36 92 No. 3:3; x silver,two silas of oil, one PI of barley (underthe responsibility of) PN a a-na qd-ri-ti-ni nadi which are deposited in ourgranary VAS 9 15:5 (all OB); x barley inaqd-ri-tim (in broken context) TIM 2 130:32(OB let.); x barley oAxAE ma-ki-si PBS2/2 112:1 and 2 (MB); §E.ME a fPN inaqa-ri-ti LU.ME ta-mu-du itbukuma ukunukkdtiunu ittad u PN2 u PN3 ... qd-ri-ftal a fPN iptet u kunukkdti Sa LTj.ME9ta-mu-du ihtepu u 9E.ME -su [] a fPN ilteqthe tamidu men stored 'PN's barley inthe granary and placed their seals (on it),but PN2 and PN3 opened fPN's granary,breaking the seals of the tamudu men, andtook fPN's barley JEN 381:6 and 11; x barleyina qa-ri-ti a .GAL iddizS IM 73428:5,cf. a ina qa-ri-ti nadr IM 73419:8 (cour-tesy A. Fadhil); for other Nuzi refs. see qarituin bit qariti; dates Sa ina qa-ri-td nadwhich are deposited in the storehouse VAS6 72:3; qa-ra-a-tum a uttati TCL 12 70:4;PN x GUR [. . .] ul[tu] qa-[ril-tum ana bztiittadin PN gave out five gur [of.. .] fromthe storehouse for the household TCL 9101:14 (all NB); uncert.: x GUR. E TA qd-(text GUD) -ri-tum U.TI.A PN BRM 3 189:1(early OB).

b) in hist.: qi-ra-te nakkamdte upattima§E.PAD.ME§ la nibi ummdni uidkil Iopened the granaries (and) storeroomsand fed my troops limitless quantities ofgrain TCL 3 186, also 219 (+KAH 2 141), 274,295, cf. qi-ra-a-te-Su-nu ma'ddti la minaupattzma SE.PAD.ME§ la nzhi ummdnuJdkil ibid. 166, cf. also qi-ra-a-ti-Si-nuummdnz uSdkil Winckler Sar. pi. 15 No. 32:9,

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Lie Sar. 336; tabkdni rabuti ia §E.PAD.ME§§E.GIG.ME§ a ina ime ma'duti ana baldtmdti u ni e iSpuku qi-ra-a-te nap ar ummdnija ina is ... .. uazbilma I had allmy troops carry away (loaded) on horsesthe large piles of barley and wheat whichthey had heaped up in the granaries overa long time for the sustenance of thecountry and (its) inhabitants TCL 3 262.

c) in lit. and omens: §apdk e'i inaGAX§E.ME§ heaping up barley in thegranaries ACh Sin 33:60, 68, and 77; 6e'u anaGAX§E ul irrub ACh Supp. 2 Sin 15:2; inaoAX§E.ME§ e'u irrur the barley will rotin the granaries ACh Sin 3:67 and 127; e'Uuina GAxkE.ME§ ia-ru-ur ACh Sin 35:5, dupl.K.8263:6, in Bezold Cat. 911; GAxE iarrurthe granary will .... KAR 178 iv 49, 56,vi 68, dupl. KAR 179 ii 18; nuSurreiGAX§E CT30 15:20 (SB ext.); niu GAX§E-i-na umalldVAT 10218 iii 31, cf. ra-§u-u GAAx§E-§i-nau-Sam-ru-[x] ibid. 32; DID ina E.GI§GALMIN (= me irmuk) . .. (with explanation)ina 6iddi qa-ra-a-t[e . .] KAR 52:9 (AluComm.); in broken context: [. .. ] qd-ri-ti-i-u PBS 1/1 2 i 19 (OB lit.); [.. .] x a qa-ri-t Lambert BWL 180 K.1835+ :22 (SB fable).

In MSL 2 147:17 collation shows ma-ri-tu-um.

qaritu in bit qariti s.; storehouse; Nuzi,MA, NB; cf. qaritu.

a) in Nuzi: x E.ME igru a E qa-ri-ti PN ilqe PN received x barley as rentfor the granary HSS 13 401:21; 6 LJ.ME§anntu afar E qa-ri-ti a libbi dli inagsaru(these are) the six men who guard thestorehouse inside the town HSS 16 356:33,cf. ibid. 5, 10, and 24; PN itti PN 2 a6um Eqa-ri-ti a pal4u ina dini ana pani dajdni... ztelu PN entered a suit against PN2before the judges on account of thegranary that had been broken into JEN386:3, and passim in this text; Summa L(.ME§sarrutu Sa f -it qa-ri-ti Sa iQ?a hathummaga zpuu la zde (I swear) that I do notknow the criminals who broke into the

qarnanfstorehouse for wood HSS 13 422:8, alsoibid. 22; barley i4tu E qa-ri-ti ma[lzti]from the full storehouse HSS 13 221:2, 14,i6tu E.ME -ti qa-ri-ti maliti ibid. 237:28,cf. HSS 16 19:2, 60:2, ultu libbi f qa-ri-tumibid. 73:24; iltu t qa-<ri>-ti a URU Nuziibid. 6:32, and passim in similar context; wheatina E qa-ri-ti a nad which was put inthe storehouse ibid. 169:2, barley ina fqa-ri-ti a nadnu ibid. 58:2, cf. ibid. 8:8, andpassim in similar context; annum §E.ME§ inaE ka-ri-ti la-bi-ri ina atti annim nadinRA 23 159 No. 68:5, cf. qa-ri-ti(text -e)ibid. 156 No. 55:3.

b) in MA: if a man rapes a womanlu ina miie ina ribete lu ina E qa-re-e-teeither in the street at night or in thegranary KAV 1 viii 18 (Ass. Code § 54).

c) in NB: x gur of dates a DN inaE qa-ri-ti a UGTU -ru belonging to DN,in the storehouse above the .... BRM 123:2, cf. naphar x GUR ina qa-ra-a-ti aUGU u-ru ibid. 8; x silver E qa-ri-tipappasu nuhatimmtu 82-7-14,1107:10.

qaritu see qeritu.

qariu see *qar.

qarnanu adj.; 1. with (large) horns, 2.sprouted; lex.*; cf. qarnu.

am.MIN (= gub.ba), am.si.e, am.si.gub.ba, am.si.hal.hal = qar-na-nu wild bull with(large) horns Hh. XIV 50a-52; munu 4.si. ,munu 4 .si.ma 4.a = qar-na-nu Hh. XXIII iv 6f.

1. with (large) horns: see Hh. XIV, inlex. section.

2. sprouted (said of malt): see Hh.XXIII, in lex. section; for Sum. munu 4.si. e see Oppenheim, Eames Coll. W 6:1, FishCatalogue 739:1, CT 9 22 i 1, etc.; note in thename of a field: a.§a qar.na.an.nu.um = iu-ma Nabnitu XXII 86.

qarnnd (fem. qarndnitu) adj.; horned;Nuzi, SB; wr. syll. and (NAGA.)SI; cf.qarnu.

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qarnu[...] = kar-na-nu-u, [...] = kar-na i-nu-u KUB

3 112:4f. (Bogh. Proto-Lu), in MSL 12 83, alsoibid. 2f.; naga = u-hu-l[u], MIN.Si = qar-na-n[i-t]um, MIN. hu.gultuul, MIN. gu.1i = ba-rqil-il-tumHh. XXIV 286 ff.

giA.§inig ... naga.si ka.sur.ra a.biu.me.ni.Aub : biu... i-hu-lu qar-na-nu-<u> i-ka-ru mazu ana libbi idima put into it tamarisk,"horned" alkali, (and) mazi beer 4R 26 No. 7:35 f.,cf. i-hu-la qar-na-nu-[u] (in similar context, Sum.broken) CT 17 38:38; ni.ga si.ga : i-hu-la qar-<na>-ni-ta STI 197:55f., see JNES 26 210.

NAGA.SI teleqqe ... iptu ~-hul-te-iau-hul-td qar-na-ni-tu ina muhhi tamannuyou take "horned" alkali (together withother drugs) and recite over it the in-cantation "My alkali, 'horned' alkali"KAR 43:10 and 12, cf. ibid. 21 and 30, dupl. KAR63:10 and 12; 5 MA.NA §ipdtu a-fna li-ima-nal [i-hul-t]um qa-ar-na-<ni>-tum fiveminas of wool as the price for "horned"alkali HSS 13 373:2 (translit. only); i.DUG.GAeli kulbabi u pilZiunu tasallah gaqsaNAGA.SI ana hurrT4unu tetemmir yousprinkle sweet (smelling) oil over the antsand their holes and bury gypsum and"horned" alkali in their tunnels KAR 377r. 38 (SB Alu rit.); NAGA.SI (among medicalingredients) Kocher BAM 96 i 6, 10, 15, ii 10,Iraq 19 40 i 6, KAR 389 i 9, RA 53 6:31, HungerUruk 46:12, and passim, see uhuilu.

Oppenheim Glass 74.

qarnu (qannu) s. fem.; 1. horn, 2.pincers of the scorpion, 3. horn, cuspof the moon and other celestial bodies,4. horn as container, rhyton, 5. pro-truding (horn-shaped) part or decorationof objects, 6. power(?, in transferredmng.); from OA, OB on; dual qarndn,pl. qarnu and qarnmtu; wr. syll. and sI;cf. qarndnu, qarndn2, qamrn.

si-i sI = qar-nu S b II 175; si = qar-nu, i-ta-nuCT 19 6 K.11155 + CT 11 44 K.14938 r. If., alsoCT 19 12 K.4143 r. 2f. (text similar to Idu); [si-i][si] = [qa]-farl-nu, [i]-ta-nu S Voc. N 1'f.; sI =qd-an-nu MSL 9 131:376 (Proto-Aa); si = qar-nu= (Hitt.) sI-ar Izi Bogh. A 184.

sa-ag SAG = qar-[nu] Idu I 132; sag = qar-nu5R 16 ii 11; a A = emuqum, idum, qd-an-nu-um,ahum MSL 2 139 ii 5ff. (Proto-Ea); "A = qar-nu,

qarnuAas-tegITA 4 = sa-par-tum, B(JRdUdUBtR = MIN qar-nuAntagal F 176f.; . qdara-3 qd-ar-nu-um FSa(?)1 a-[a-lim]Proto-Izi II 20; u = qar-n[u] Izi E 250F; x-xEZENXGIR(?) = qar-nu, ia-I[u(?)-bu-u(?)] AVIII/2:86 f.; mu-s[u-ub] MUNSUB, = 6a-ar-[tum],qd-ar-nu-um MSL 3 223:3f. (Proto-Ea); [...] =[s]ig.mu = ar-tum, sig.SAR = sig.mu = q[ar-nu]Emesal Voc. II 173f.

[...] = [kar-na]-nu-u, [ka]r-na i-nu-[u], [...] =kar-na-nu-u, kar-na i-nu-u, [...] = kar-nu ,u-bal-[ku-tu] KUB 3 112:2-6 (Bogh. Proto-Lu), in MSL12 83; bu-ur BOR = MIN (= §a-la-tu) §d qar-niA VIII/2:176; [su]-6 i = ke-e-su 9d MA (var. SI)Idu II 371; si.ka.sur.ra = qar-nu §d pi-d MIN(= [ri-i-bu]) Nabnitu J 134; git.si.di.a.gigir,gig.du.a.gigir, gig.hub.a.du.gigir, gig.A(text .DA).§ITA4 .gigir = qar-nu Hh. V 25-27a;gi. si.ma = qar-niMIN (= elippi), git.si.i..ma =qar-na-a-ti MIN Hh. IV 367f.; gi..dir = bur=siktu, gil.dur.si = MIN qar-ni Hh. VII A 119f.;giS.UD+SAL+HfB.si = ku-ut qar-ni Hh. IV 215;[kul.e.ib.s]i = MIN (= mesirru) qar-ni = MIN(= me-za-ah) 6d up-pi-ti Hg. A II 173, in MSL7 151; [tdg.e.i]b.si = me-si-ru [qar-ni] = [me-za]-ah fd rupl-pi-te Hg. D 401, in MSL 10 140;[gi]i.bal.si = pi-lak qar-ni Hh. VI 25; [6] .si= eb-lu qar-nu Hh. XXII Section 12:8.

amar.ban.da si.gur 4.gur 4.ra : buruekduaqar-ni kabbaru the impetuous calf (Nannar) withthick horns 4R 9:19f., cf. si m .miu :qar-niba-nu-u Lugale IV 8; see also zaqtu lex. section;an.kur(var. KtRkur) za.ra si hu.mu.ni.in.birNA4 .KU.GAN. 9 n. a : ana muftaptitika qar-nili allitkama ana lule nandi (see mutaptitu) LugaleXII 38; ddra im.ra si.bi nu.mu.un.su.ub.su.ub : [tu]-ra-hu imha.ma qar-ni-i (var. qar-na-a-9i) ul uaklil (the head disease) has struck the ibexand has not let it grow horns to full size CT 1725:40f.; alim kur.ra si.gur.ru.me.en : 9d qd-ni-in na-,u-u TCL 16 69:15'; dira si.hal.hal.la.ta nam.ta.ex(DU6+Du).d6 si bar.ra si gul.gul.la.ta nam.ta.ex.d : itti (var. iotu) turahiana qar-nu(var. -ni) pe-ta-a-ti(var. -ta) urdu i4tuqar-nu(var. -ni) pe-ta-a-tii(var. -ta) ana qar-nu(var.-ni) rab-ba-a-[tu](var. -ta) ur[du] (the headachecame down to the land from the innermost moun-tains), it came down with (var. from) the moun-tain goat to (the animals with) widely spread horns,it came down from (the animals with) the widelyspread horns to (the animals with) large hornsCT 17 12:9-11, cf. (in broken context) OECT 6pl. 3 K.5992:15f.; for other bil. refs. with sisee mngs. la, 5d.

murub 4 .bi.a am.gal.ginx(GIM) a.bi mi.ni.in.il.il (var. [mu.u]n.il.le) : ina biriunu kimarime rabL qar-na-a-li ittanalli like a mighty wildbull (alone) among them he (Ninurta) tosses hishorns Lugale I 36; dNin.hur.sag.g.ke(KID)

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qarnugu 4 .ginx &.bi ib.fl : dBe-let-DINGIR.ME ki-male-e qar-ni ui-d-dd-§u-u DN gave him horns likea bull K.5003:2, cited Bezold Cat. p. 682; am.gin, A sahar.ra me(var. mi).ir.ri.gins.za.na.ginx (later version mu.e.ri.za.n[a.ginj) : ki-iri-mi GAL-i qar-ni-ka i-na e-pe-ri ki-i tu-[bal-li-lu]because you (kasurru stone) have covered yourhorns with dust like a huge wild bull Lugale X 24;[e.z6].mu a.rurrl.a.gur.ra.[zu] : [im]-me-ru-ka 9d qd-an-ni(var. omits -ni) kab-ba-rrul JNES26 206 A 18 and dupl.

qar-nu, NE-nu = u-lap lu-up-pu-tim An VII273f.; qar-nu = qa-ni-nu Malku II 207; a-[x]-x-rum = qa-an-nu [x x] (among headdresses) MalkuVIII 62, probably variant of kannu, see kannu Busage b.

'ip-ru = qar-ni (see pipru mng. Id) Izbu Comm.352; e-de-du // ga-pa-ru ea qar-ni Thompson Rep.27:6, 36 r. 1 and 34:8; SI.DARA.MA§ /I qar-nua-a-lu / sI / qar-nu I DARA.MA§ /I a-a-lu BRM 432:1 (med. comm., to TCL 6 34 ii 2); [A] // i-di /A qa-nu K.1522+ :8 (astrol. comm.).

1. horn - a) of animals - 1' in gen.:summa awZlum alpam zgurma sI-6u i birif a man hires an ox and breaks its hornCH § 248:30; qar-ni-u la uarrim (if theowner of the goring ox) does not trim itshorns CH § 251:57; ana ini qd-an-ni upriu 8ibbati izzaz he (the lessee) is respon-sible for the eyes, the horns, the hooves,and the tail (of the hired ox) PBS 8/2196:11, also YOS 12 466:9, wr. qd-ar-niTLB 1 213:12; AB 6alimtam inam qd-an-na u supra ipaqqid he will take care thatthe (hired) cow has intact eyes, horns,and hooves YOS 13 17:11 (OB); I killedfour wild bulls ma4kiunu SI.ME -u-nuana dlija AMur ubla I brought their hidesand their horns to my city Assur AKA 85vi 68 (Tigl. I), cf. I killed 6 pu4l [rimedann]ite Slt qar-ni six mighty hornedwild bulls Borger Einleitung 136 iii 31 (AlAur-bel-kala), also WO 2 38:43, 40:21 (Shalm. III),cf. 50 lim binr tak-di-ri fa up(u) ru bunnqar-nu §almu fifty thousand .... calveswith perfect hooves and intact horns STr41:19, see AnSt7 128 (let. ofGilg.); alpuS uklulugalmu a SI.ME§ U quprz 6almu an un-gelded black bull with perfect horns andhooves RAcc. 10:2, cf. immer ... . a SIu qupru p uklulu ibid. 79:29 and 32, also

qarnuUDU BABBAR d SI UMBIN §U.DU 7 BiOr 30178:28; kdm puhdda annd i4tu reli anaqa-an-ni (var. adds qaqqadi) u zibbati... . eppu thus I examine(?) this lamb(for extispicy) from head to horn and tailIM 67692:229 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert);alap qa-ni uiturute a bull with superbhorns KAR 334 r. 7 (hymn of Asn. I), cf. alsoam.gal ... mu.lu a.dar.[...] rnmurabi na ... qar-nu [. . .] LKU 16: 11f.; dArasag.g&.na si ba.ni.in.dib : turdhaina qaqqadi4uu qar-ni-~i inabat he seizedthe ibex by its head and its horns 5R50 ii 46f., see JCS 21 8:69, cf. alpu ina qar-ni-Si isbat AMT 61,7 r. 11, also littu inasI-d lahru ina dipdtiJa the cow by itshorn(s), the ewe by its fleece Kocher BAM124 iv 7, also ibid. 127:6 and CT 23 1:7 and 2:20(inc.); GU 4.AN.NA i$.[abat] ina qar-ni-[ u]he (Enkidu) seized the bull of heaven byits horns Gilg. VI 131, cf. ina birit tikkiqar-ni (in broken context) ibid. 145 and 152;ina SI.MU qaqqaru terdku ina zibbatijauteilera turbu'i Kocher BAM 248 iii 56 (inc.),cited as ina qar-ni-ii qaq-qar te-ra-atJNES 33 332:15 (comm.); Summa alpu itbimaina si IumeliSu eperi islu if the ox getsup and stirs up dust with its left hornSTT 73:137, see JNES 19 35, cf. ibid. 136; [Sum=ma] izbum i4tu libbi ummi4u qd-ar-na-4u[wa]d if the newborn lamb's horns areout from (the moment it leaves) the bellyof its mother YOS 10 56 iii 24, see LeichtyIzbu 206; [umma izbu] qa-an-na-u inapitifu [akna] if a newborn animal'shorns are located on its forehead LeichtyIzbu 209 iii 5, cf. ibid. 7, cf. also i4-di qa-an-ni-lu qa-an-nu-um lanitumma wa iatibid. 10 (Bogh.); umma littu ulidma 2 si.ME- i ina qaqqadiu acd if a cow givesbirth and (the calf) has two horns pro-truding from its head Leichty Izbu XIX 8,and passim in this tablet, also CT 40 30 K.2937r. 2f., K.4073+ :6f., 32:lff. (SB Alu); Summalahru alpa ulidma qd-an-ni lakin if a ewegives birth to a bull (calf) and it hashorns Leichty Izbu V 104, and passim; summaUDU.NITA ina nakkaptiku SI.MES-Ju a$A

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if a ram's horns protrude from its foreheadLeichty Izbu XVII 87, and passim in tablet XVII,cf. KAR 394 ii 8 (Alu cat.), CT 29 48:4 (SB prod-igies), of. ibid. 3; gumma izbum qd-ra-analpim if the newborn lamb (has) a bull'shorn YOS 10 56 iii 35 (OB), see Leichty Izbu207; umma SI alpi imur if (the exorciston his way to the patient) sees a bull'shorn Labat TDP 4:22, cf. umma alpu sI-uiddima imur ibid. 19, with comm. si //qar-nu I/ s / nu-ur // si / d-ru-ru HungerUruk 27 r. 6; §umma izbu qd-ra-an ina 15[.. .] Leichty Izbu IX 11, and passim, wr.SI, in tablet IX; Summa immeru (UDU.NITA) KI.MIN (= SI.ME§-,fi) kima SI.ME§turahi if a ram's horns are like ibex hornsLeichty Izbu XVII 91; Summa alpu SI imittiSuitahat if an ox sheds its right hornLeichty Izbu XIX 38, cf. (with ituq) ibid. 39;Aumma immeru Sikitti arandi aakin SI.ME -id(var. -u) kurrd 14 tirdnuSu if the sheephas the appearance of a wild ass (and)its horns are short, it has 14 intestinalconvolutions CT 31 30:7, dupl. CT 41 9:6, seeMeissner, AfO 9 119:7, cf. also CT 31 30:16f.;if the "crucible" (of the liver) kcma sienzi zfrat is twisted like a goat's hornCT 20 32:72, also Labat Suse 3:16f., cf. BoissierChoix 46:10ff.; umma izbu SI.ME§-u iroimaid if the horns of the newborn animalare full of protuberances Leichty Izbu IX 62,see also lar usage b; [... fa] qa-an-naiaknu [if ... birds] which have horns(multiply in a country) CT 41 4 K.3701+ :3(SB Alu); for ger qarni "horned snake" seeeru B mng. le.

2' used as a medication: si alpi 5aSumei si ajali turrar you char the lefthorn of an ox (and) a deer horn KocherBAM 216:64, cf. Biggs Saziga 56 iv 3 (Bogh.),also KAR 56:9, Kocher BAM 503 i 16 (= AMT33,1:16), 470:16 (= AMT 94,7:3), 473:3 (= AMT99,2 iii 2 + 1,4:3), SI alpi 5a imitti sI MAS5a Sumeli AMT 102:38f.; SI rz Kocher BAM237 i 38, qa-an-fnil abti KUB 37 55 iv 24;t SI DARA.MAR Kocher BAM 210:12, also166:11, STT 286 r. (!) ii 2, and passim, see ajalu

qarnuA mngs. lc-1' and 2; §apparti SI.DARA.MA§ gapparti SI UDU.MA Kocher BAM 237iii 6.

3' used in manufactured objects: [. . .]objects, their [...] a sI UDU.ME§ madeof sheep's horn EA 25 iii 33, cf. a SIibid. 72 (list of gifts of Tutratta).

b) of gods who are likened to buttinganimals: unakkip nakreja ina SI.ME§- agaSrdti (Ninlil the wild cow) gores myenemies with her strong horns Streck Asb.78 ix 78; Bel SI.ME§-Md ukarrit Bel cut offher (Tiamat's) horns KAR 307 r. 13, seeTuL p. 36; (Nergal) n&d SI.ME§ eddeti Bol-lenrticher Nergal 50:3, cf. Zababa e-da-< ta -am qd-ar-ni-in (see eddu) AfO 13 46 (=pl. 1) ii 5 (OB lit.), cf. e-di-id qar-n[i] Lambert,Symbolae Bohl 279:8.

c) of representations of animals orgods: kisitte qar-ni-§u-nu a aarpi [a]ppiqar-ni-§u-nu a huradi the base of their(the alu animals') horns is of silver, thetip of their horns of gold AfO 18 302 i 20f.(MA inv.), cf. qar-na-Su-nu 5a GIB MI qar-na-Su-nuu ildi qar-ni-Su-nu ina 9-TA.AMturri a hurai ahhuza their horns are ofblack wood, their horns and the basesof their horns are mounted with nine goldbands each ibid. 306 iv 10, of. also ibid. 304ii 6; qar-na-at turdhim ibex horns ARM18 12:19; a cup [Sa p]ani gumdhi SI.ME§-Su NA 4.BABBAR with the face of a gumdhubull, its horns (are made of) white stone(among gifts for Egypt) KUB 3 70 r. 12(let.); 1 [.. .] qar-ni TCL 3 372 (Sar.); sevenfigurines of the Seven Gods SI.MEURUDU laknu having copper horns KAR298:24, cf. ibid. 31, see AAA 22 66, also BBRNo. 46-47 ii 3; salam efemmi . . . teppuJsi alpi taakkanu you make a figurineof the ghost (and) provide it with a bull'shorn KAR 267:5, see TuL p. 138; SI k ,abitiitdt ana kutallUia terdt sI ki sabiti ietdtana paniQa ed-ra-at . .. 6drtum iStu birtSI.ME -4 ana Saalli a naddt (the statueof dAM.MA.KUR.KUR has) a horn like a

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qarnugazelle's, one (horn) is pointed towardher back, (she has) a horn like a gazelle's,one (horn) is curved toward her front,(her) hair falls on(to) the nape of herneck from between her horns MIO 1 72iv 6f. and 13, and passim in this text, cf. qaq=qadu si u au-ku-su ibid. 76 v 13.

d) as votive object: qd-ni-in bibil idiEnlil u dNIN.LiL-ti-im ina Isin l arrutijaina bdb ekallim ... epu I made twohorns as desired by DN and DN2 (and setthem up?) in Isin, my capital, in the palacegate Gadd Early Dynasties pl. 3 i 20, dupl.Sumer 4 57 (Lipit-Igtar), and delete this ref.sub ganunu A; eri ti qd-ar-ni-in (var. qd-ar-nim) a DN request of DN for two hornsYOS 10 51 i 17, var. from dupl. 52 i 17(OB ext.); 2 qar-na-at AM GAL.ME § aihzuiina u ni-ih(text nik-ka) -su-gi-na <KU.BABBAR) (see nihsu) TCL 3 384 (Sar.);7 qar-na-t[e] a UDU KUR-e seven hornsof mountain sheep (in enumeration ofobjects) Tell Halaf No. 55:4; qar-na-at nadlu ajdl (as ornaments) ARMT 13 55:6.

e) other occs.: Dilbat... ina sI M[UL.uz] ud ... ina SI MUL.SUDUN [. . .] (if)Venus comes out of the horn of the Goatstar (and) [. . .] the horn of the Yoke starACh Itar 6:18f., cf. SI MUL lu-lim HungerUruk 95:7; ina qereb mat Kaldi giiimmaruqar-nu akin CT 29 49:32 (SB prodigies);obscure: dQa-an-nu : a URU KAS4 .KI 2R60 No. 1 i 31, see TuL p. 12.

2. pincers of the scorpion - a) of theanimal: tamhai ina qar-ni-ki tu.ardi inasimbatiki you (scorpion) have stung withyour pincers, you have let (the poison)flow from your tail Kocher BAM 398 r. 8,dupls. K.8939, STT 136 i 34, see von Soden,JNES 33 341 f.; tarea qar-na-a-§d... turratzibbassa its pincers are extended (likethe horns of a wild bull), its tail is curled(like that of a raging lion) CT 38 38:60f.,see Or. NS 34 121:6', cf. qa-an-ni-Iu anapa-ti-a sibbassu ana tu-ur-ri-i ul addinuI did not allow it (the scorpion) to open

qarnuits pincers, to curl its tail KBo 1 18 iv 17(inc.); umma yep qa-an-ni zuqaqpi 6akinif he has feet (in the shape of) the pincersof a scorpion Kraus Texte 22 i 30', cf. Summaubdn si zuqaqpi akin ibid. iii 9 and 12dv 4'; umma zuqaqpu MI ina bit ameliinnamirma SI imittiu NU GAL if a blackscorpion is seen in a man's house and ithas no right pincer CT 40 26:30.

b) of the constellation Scorpius: UDmul.gir.tab u4 si.bi igi.dug.a : MUL.GIR.TAB u4 -um qa-ra-an-6u innamru if,when the pincers of Scorpius becomevisible K.2241+ :16ff., also 20ff.; MUL.ZI.BA.AN.NA SI MUL.GIR.TAB Libra is thepincers of Scorpius CT 33 2 ii 11; ummaMUL Zuqaqipu SI.ME§-6 d arura na8d ifthe pincers of Scorpius have a brightsheen ACh Supp. 48:7, cf. SI.ME§-d zu'uraibid. 6, also ACh IMtar 28:6, and passim.

3. horn, cusp of the moon and othercelestial bodies - a) of the crescentmoon: ina reS arhimma napdhi eli mdtiqar-ni nabdta ana uddi 6 umi at thebeginning of the month, while rising overthe land, you shine with horns to marksix days En. el. V 16; note in epithetsof Sin: ittad Sin bel qar-ni RA 12 191:7;Sin naSi SI.ME § Qrdti Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 6, cf. ndS qar-ni ga rdti LangdonTammuz pl. 6:7 (Esarh. ?); umma ina qd-an-niSin [. . .] MUL GAL-i izzaz if a large starstands in the horn of the moon KUB 37162:2, cf. Summa qd-an-na-at Sin ki[lattdn]MUL.ME§ wau ibid. 5; fumma Sin inatdmarti4u MUL.GIR.TAB ina SI imitti4uizziz if when the moon becomes visible,Scorpius stands in its right cusp (quota-tion from an astrol. omen) ABL 1214 r. 12,cf. Summa bibbu ina SI imitti Sin izzizZA 52 240:23b, cf. ACh Itar 19:2 ff.; Summa SinSI.ME S-il kima qaSti if the horns of themoon look like a bow ACh Supp. 2 Sin 6:7,cf. (kEzma makurri like a boat) ibid. 8, (kima dddilike a dddu fish) ibid. 9; for other refs. seeededu, haldpu, kar, , kep u kurr, mithdru,paldiu, gapdru B, tardku, tard4u, terfi; in

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qarnucomparisons: Summa ulmu kima uskari. . . sI-ii (var. uv.sI-Ai) rEs marti ipluSmaui if the Sulmu looks like a crescentand its "horn" (var. finger) perforates thetop of the gall bladder and comes out (onthe other side) CT 30 14 Rm. 2,223:7, cf.ibid. 8-11 and 15-17, vars. from TCL 6 3:19-22and 26-28.

b) referring to the visible part of themoon's or sun's disk during an eclipse:umma. . . attal iSakinma ilu ina addriu

idi iltini eli adirma idi uiti lapliS izkuamurr ma qarti §aturri imul sI imittigukapgat if (on a certain day) an eclipseoccurs and the god (i.e., the moon) in itsdarkening becomes dark on its north sideabove and clears on its south side below,(and) the west wind (blows), the lastwatch is half over, (and) its right cuspis curled AfO 17 84:11, restored from K.3561+r. 19f., cf. AfO 17 85:8 and 20; Summa ...Sama attald igkun ina iltdni uarrima inaiuti ikin sI umeliSu eddat sI imittiu arkat

if the sun is eclipsed, (and the eclipse)starts from the north and remains in thesouth, (and) its left cusp is pointed (and)its right cusp is long Thompson Rep. 269: 10f.;ilu §a ina §urinni4u si imittigu tarat sISumeliSu kap-pat(?) the god (i.e., themoon) whose right cusp was straight,whose left cusp was curved at its lastvisibility BM 46239 r. 3, cf. ibid. 2, cf. SI.ME§ -i kandama §amami IGI.ME§ ibid. r. 9and dupl. K.12687:11'; ilu a . . . SI.ME§-[ i mithdra] itet la ikbiru itet la iqtinuND 4357 iv 15 (courtesy D. J. Wiseman); SI.ME§-u ina napdlhiJu la innattalama inarabi4u innammara AfO 17 pl. 1 i 20; (themoon) itti Sama4 Ioi-ir SI.MEA-[ii amnakpa] ACh Supp. 27+28:7', dupl. itti ramaSSI.ME §-§ AN-e nak-pa AfO 17 pl. 1 i 8.

c) of Venus: UD E§ 4 .DAR ina SI imitstia kakkaba leqdt if the planet Venushas "taken" a star in its right cusp AChITtar 1: 10, also ibid. 4:15; note [Summa MULDil-ba] t ina A Jumelida kakkaba leqdt LKU

qarnu111:7, cf. (referring to right side) ibid. 4, and seeK.1522+ :8, in lex. section; UD ES 4.DAR inasi imittia kakkabu la innamir if in theplanet Venus's right cusp no star is seenACh IMtar 1:5, cf. ibid. 6.

d) other occs.: gumma (wr. [DI§] UD)SI-r l §UB-ma [.. .] ACh Supp. 2 Aamal39:30, cf. DI§ UD SI-Su §UB-ma Sin adir.. . sI qar-nu sI Sd-ru-ru if it (probablyreferring to the moon) lets its "horn" falland the moon is dark, (with comm.) sI(means) horn, si (means also) bright-ness ACh Adad 33:21; DI§ UD ina SI imitstilu kakkabu izziz ACh Supp. 2 Ittar 66 r. 10and ibid. 11.

4. horn as container, rhyton - a) hornas container - 1' in OA: itta qd-ar-na-tim PN na'akkunti ammakam famnamfdbam ana PN2 u PN mallianiunu PN isbringing you (pl.) two horns, fill themthere with good oil for PN2 and PN Jan-kowska KTK 19:12 (= Gol6nischeff 20); qd-ar-nigamnam tdbam mallia fill (pl.) the hornswith fine oil BIN 4 49:26 (coll. M. T. Larsen);3 ma-na(!) harSu qar-ni a 1.GI§ TCL 20113:17; a umi qd-ar-na-tim Sa alpura[kkum] x GIN kaspam PN ublakkum ammakami.o gi§ mamma concerning the horns Iwrote you about, PN is bringing you xshekels of silver, buy oil for me thereTuM 1 3c:5; uncert.: (x silver?) ra-qd-ar-niml a A-lim.KI [xl addin KTS 51b:22.

2' other occs.: kuburqar-ni-u una'adumdri ummdnu ... 6 GUR amnu Qibitkilall& the craftsmen were praising thethickness of its (the bull's) horns, thecapacity of the two is six gur of oil Gilg.VI 170; muhri Sa tamkdri qa-an-na-gi uQi-di-<<i>>-su take (addressing Lamatu)from the merchant his horn (filled withoil) and his travel provisions RA 18 167r. 24 (Lamagtu inc.); rqdl-ar-na-am Sa [x-x] -ka iSbilam TIM 2 90:15 (OB let.); qd-ar-nu-um UET 5 882:25 (OB exercise tablet); analibbi SI.GUD tagappak you pour (themedication) into an ox horn AMT 89,3 iii (!) 2.

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qarnu

b) rhyton: 1 GAL Sirim SI K1.BABBARx KI.LA.BI one cup, .... , (made) of silver,weighing 28j shekels ARM 7 119:1, cf. 117:9,ARM 9 46:4, 268:3, cf. 1 GAL Sirim qar(!) -niARM 7 219:5 and 19, 273:5; 1 SI §a ha-i-gal-la-at-he HSS 14 105:23 and passim in thistext; 20 sI ajigalluhu hurda uhhuzu rit=taAunu KA. GUL twenty rhytons in the formof ajigalluhu animals, mounted in gold,their handles of . . .. EA 25 iii 49 (list ofgifts of Tuiratta), cf. 1 SI rzmi ibid. 42, 43,45, and 51, 1 SI Sa GUD KUR ibid. 44, 1 SIKA.GUL ibid. 39 and 41, 1 SI lulutum ibid.46f.; 1 SI qar-nu JCS 8 29 405:5 (Alalakh).

5. protruding (horn-shaped) part ordecoration of objects - a) of a boat: inabirit sI.ME§-gd (var. qar-ni-ad) naldtpilirtu (the boat) carries between its bowand stern (lit. its horns) release (fromsorcery) Maqlu III 129, cf. bdb makurritakannakma si-ii ana muhhi LAL you sealthe opening of the (model) barge andfasten its prow on top Iraq 22 224:24 (inc.),and see Hh. IV 367f., in lex. section;see also makurru mng. la-2'.

b) of a chariot: luamidka narkabta... a magarrua hurdamma elmeu qar-na-a-Sd(var. -Si) I will have a chariotmade for you whose wheels are truly ofgold, whose "horns" are of electrum Gilg.VI 11, and see Hh. V 25ff., in lex. section.

c) of a temple tower: Surli Elarrainaffala qar-na-a-iu(var. -u) En. el. VI 66;ukappira SI.ME -a (var. qar-ni-ga) pitiqeri namri I cut off its (the temple tower's)"horns" (which were made of) shining castcopper Streck Asb. 52 vi 29, cf. qar-ni ziq:qurratifu uabbira Bauer Asb. 2 78:11.

d) of gods' crowns: you, Ninurta agasag.la.l : .a ina age qar-ni the onewith the horned crown BA 5 638 No. 7r. 19f.; (Lugalbanda) apir agd Sa qar-nikarpadti Or. NS 36 126:171 (hymn to Gula);age qd-ar-ni Qzrdti ... ina qaqqadilu luakunuma I set upon his (Marduk's) heada crown with mighty horns 5R 33 ii 50

qarnu(Agum-kakrime); si Ae.ir.zi si dutu mul.mul.la.ginx : qar-na-a-ii kima §aruramli ittananbitu (Enlil) whose horns

gleam like the rays of the sun BA 10/1 18No. 9:14f., see OECT 6 p. 17.

e) spur of a bone: 6umma ubdnumkima qa-an-ni e.em[tim] ana imittimkappat if the "finger" is bent to the rightlike the spur of a bone YOS 10 60:9 (OBext.); Summa qd-ra-an naglabim a Iumelimtarik if the ridge of the left scapula isdark YOS 10 47:54, cf. ibid. 53-60 (OB be-havior of sacrificial lamb), see naglabu A.

f) of a part of the exta: umma inaSI SAL.LA NIG.TAB paddni a imitti kakkuakinma if there is a "weapon-mark" in

the "horn" of the ruqqu of the "crucible"of the "path" on the right side CT 2031:37, also (with the left) ibid. 38, cf. TCL 6 5r. 18.

g) of plants: urgiu qaqqara malSI.ME§-li glame nakpa its (the plant's)roots fill the ground, its "horns" reach thesky Kiichler Beitr. pl. 3 iii 31; U NAGA : Tqi-il-tu[m], U NAGA.SI, U SA.AD.GAL : Uqi-il-tu qar-ni, u Si-mi ru-pa-di : 6 NAGA.SI.ME Uruanna II 271-274.

h) of a configuration of oil on water:gumma Samnum .. . qd-ar(var. -an) -ni-inirtali YOS 10 58 r. 4, var. from CT 5 6 r. 58;Summa Samnum imittam u umelam qd-ranl-na-u (vars. qar-na- u, qd-ar-na-gu)hasra YOS 10 57:19, vars. from IM 2967 andCT 5 4:16, see Pettinato Olwahrsagung 2 16.

i) an excrescence on the head: ummaus neia ulidma SI.ME§ a ,iri akin ifa ewe gives birth to a lion and it hasfleshy protuberances LeichtyIzbu V 15; um:ma sI Sakin if he has a "horn" (pre-ceded by abbuttu) Kraus Texte 6 r. 9; if amole ina sIn GAR (preceded by rightand left SAG.KI) ibid. 47:8'.

j) flank of an army: PN rzti muiiulillika sI Sa PN2 lilbi let PN come duringthe remainder of the night and surround

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qarnuthe flank of (the army of) PN2 ABL 222r. 13 (coll. K. Deller).

k) other occs.: au-ri-in An-nu-ni-tiSSi-la-ba ki-la(text -ki)-la-al ki-la-la-ali-mi-ta-am i u-wi-la-a-am qd-ar-na-amqd-ar-na-a-am the standards of DN andDN2, two by two, right and left, horn byhorn AfO 13 46 ii 7 (OB lit.); SAL fi qar-na-tim udammaq [. . .] wu'erima SAL.TUR.ME la kima a-na qar(?)-ni [...] natdqar-na-tim damqi [...] this woman canmake good quality "horns," give ordersthat the servant girls, as many as aresuited for [...] "horn(s)," [.. .] "horns"well ARM 10 130:16 f.; kakkusdni annutiajaka akdnu ina muhhi kipili a DNakdnu pani4unu ana qa-an-ni 7-u-nu

5 man e... hurd u ququltalunu (con-cerning) the question about the placementof these kakkussu stones, (they) are to beput on the kiplu ofDN, facing the "horn(s),"the weight of the seven of them is fiveminas of gold ABL 438:9; ki a si (var.qar-nu) §a [...] ina libbi faknuni Ia-tila iparruni just as the "horn" of [theplow?] is within it (the soil?) and doesnot cut a furrow(?) Wiseman Treaties 540;see (beside battering ram) A VIII/2:86f.,in lex. section; see also (referring to abursiktu, kitu, mesirru, pilakku, a rope)Hh. VII A 120, Hh. IV 215, Hg., Hh. VI 25, Hh.XXII, in lex. section.

6. power(?, in transferred mng.) - a)in gen.: a kdJir anzilli qar-na-id tuballa(see bal~ v. mng. 2a) Lambert BWL 130:95;see also eni v. mng. Ig-1'; PN itu .ihruina ekallim annim irbi ina qa-ra-an Si-ba-ti-4u ana PN2 ana NIG.BA tanaddi46u PNgrew up in this palace from the time hewas a small child, (now) in the q. of hisold age you want to give him to PN2 asa present ARM 10 57:7; ka-ar-ni-ia tEtepla(obscure) UET 6 396:20 (OB lit.).

b) in personal names: Adad-qar-na-a-aJAOS 55 291: 18 (OB), cf. Adad-qar-na-ia ibid.292 seal, also SI-Adad Birot Tablettes 70 D

qarriduii 12; DINGIR-qa-na-a ADD App. 3 ii 35,d d-ma-qa-na-a ADD 742 r. 19; Qa-na-a-DINGIR ADD App. 3 iii 26, see Stamm Namen-gebung 212 and 322.

The ref. ka-ra-an IGI"-u addu LabatTDP 238:3, explained as kakkultu ini4u anabzitnu iru[bu] AfO 24 83:3 and §a kakkultuiniu u d Hunger Uruk 40:8f., belongs tokaranu "wine."

qarnu see qannu B.

qarnu adj.; horned; SB; cf. qarnu.udu.si.gar = qar-nu-u horned sheep Hh.

XIII 176; AS.SUD.NUN.KU.TU = 6um-man-nu = kur-se-e qar-nu-tum "horned" fetters Hg. B VI 55,in MSL 11 41.

am si.mi a.a dIkur.ra : ri-i-muqar-nu-u a-bi Adad horned wild bull,father Adad SBH p. 23 No. 10 r. 10f., parallelibid. p. 20 No. 9 r. 26f.; for Sum. refs. seeSjoberg Mondgott 143f.

For the descriptive name of uhulu seeqarndnu.

**qarpasu (AHw. 904b) see qardru s.

qarridu s.; 1. hero, 2. warrior; fromOAkk. on, Akkadogram in Hitt., Akk. lw.in Sum. (Lugale I 38); pl. qarrdui (qarsrddutu AnSt 5 108:163 and Bauer Asb. 1 pl. 24K.2634:4); wr. syll: and UR.SAG; cf. qardu.

u1.ur.sag = qd-ar-ra-du OB Lu B v 16, also,wr. [qar]-ra-du-um OB Lu A 142; [ur.sag] =qar-ra-du Igituh short version 28; ur.sag = qar-ra-du, ur-§d-nu CT 18 29 K.2054 ii 30f. (groupvoc.); ur.sag = qar-ra-du, nam.ur.sag = qar-ra-du-tu CT 19 33 79-7-8,30+37:8f.; sag.ur.sag= qar-ra-du Sag. Bil. B 13; [...] SAGXX = qd-ar-ra-d[u-um], [x]-x SAGXU[R] = [qd-ar-ra-du-um]MSL 2 154 r. 14f. (Proto-Ea); [gu]-ud SAGXUR =qar-[ra-du] MSL 14 143 No. 21:3 (Proto-Aa); sa-ag SAG = Sd UR.SAG qar-ra-du Idu I 118; ur.sage.x.[x.i]b = qar-ra-da MIN (= mu-hur) NabnituK 63; [6.durus.ur.sag.e].neki = MIN (= ka-par)qar-ra-di = ki-Sd Hg. B V iv 22, in MSL 11 39;[ninda.i].d6.a.u[r.sag].e.ne = MIN (= me-ri-is) qar-ra-du = MIN (= mir-is) qi-te-e Hg.B VI70, inMSL 11 88; k &.ur.sag.e.ne.kex(KID)

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qarrAdu= bib qar-ra-di Ai. VI iii 40; ur.sag, gudud =qar-ra-du Igituh 187 f.; gu-u GUD = qa[r] -ra-du, lu-uiIdu II 213f.; gu 4-ud GUD = qar-ra-du Ea IV 136;gu-tu(var. -ud) SAGXUR = qar-ra-du Sb I 248;

UDgu-ud-gu-udGUD = DINGIR (var. omits) qar-ra-duCT 25 36 r. 25, var. from 35 r. 19 (list of gods).

u-mun u = qar-ra-du A II/4:84; [d-kur] [GAL.§AH] = qar-ra-du Diri VI D 13'; [ui-u-um] BoR =rqarl-ra-du VAT 10296:6 (text similar to Idu),cf. aSaridu, qar-ra-du, git-[ma-lu] (Sum. broken)CT 19 7 79-7-8,60 r. 3ff. (group voc.); an.gar =dSin, qar-ra-du, AN qar-ra-du SilbenvokabularA 86; gar.an = qar-r[a-du], qar-ra-[du-tu] ibid. 87.

gu 4 .ud nim.kur.ra mu.lu ta.zu [mu.un.zu] : qar-ra-du aqu §a mtu gattuk mannu il[am=mad] exalted hero of the country, who under-stands your form? SBH p. 36 No. 18:1f., cf.gud : qar-rad ibid. p. 20 No. 9:28f.; gud.dau5 .a : qar-ra-du Saqi ibid. p. 137 No. IV 54 f., cf.also p. 23 No. 10:62f.; An.me.a (var. dA.me.a)gu si.s tu..a = qar-rad a i- d-rid dl-bu An =Anum II 117a.

me.e ur.sag.me.en : andku qar-ra-da-kuStudies Albright 345:22; e ur. sag : e qar-radLugale V 29; for other bil. refs. with Sum. corr.ur.sag see mngs. 1 and 2.

ga-nun-du, ur-4d-nu, kasuifu, dlilu, pi-ia-a-nu,allallu, mamlu, etellu, §a-ga-pi-ru = qar-ra-du MalkuI 22-30; la-nu-du, ur-Sa-nu, ur-su-nu, qar-du, qar-ra-du, qi-ra-a-du, pi-ia-a-mu, dapnu, datnu, al-[t]ar-rum, itpubu, biru, kassusu, mutu, dru, kaliu =qar-ra-[du] Explicit Malku I 95 ff.; ililu, ur-.d-nu,mutu, karubu, kaSisu, Ial-ba-bu, muqtablu, kaulu =qar-ra-du LTBA 2 2:39-46; Sa-nun-du = qar-ra-duCT 18 27 i 20; mu-tu-ul-[ful = qar-ra-du LTBA 22:396, dupl. CT 18 24 K.4219 r. 15.

[x]-li : qar-ra-du Lambert BWL 82 comm. toline 210 (Theodicy Comm.).

1. hero - a) referring to a god - 1'in gen.: ur.sag sa.Au.u§.kal.bi ld.erim.ma iu.a : qar-ra-du a §ulkallaAuajdbu isahhapu (Ninurta) hero whose netswoops down on the enemy Lugale I 13;dNin.urta ur.sag.me.en : dMIN qar-ra-dat Ninurta, you are a hero Angim II22 (= 81), and passim in Lugale and Angim re-ferring to Ninurta, note: ur.sa g. hur.sag.g .kex(KID) : qar-[ra-dul adi Angim II35(= 94); a .ni ur.sag.Am : §a ediSiluqar-ra-du (Meslamtaea) who alone is heroBollenrticher Nergal p. 42 No. 7:5f., cf. g a anan. na A§.ni GI KID (var. ur. sag) : Itarel-te-ni qar-ra-da-at SBH p. 136 No. IV 17 f.,var. from CT 42 pi. 4 iv 23 (unilingual version),

qarradualso (referring to a goddess) qar-ra-da-ku-ma I (Bau) am heroic Or. NS 36 122:101;ur.sag me.l6m.mah Au.gir.ru :qar-ra-du 4a melamme giruti nal2 Borger,Symbolae Bohl 48:9f.; §a maru qar-ra-dumutir gimillini ninu a zanini i nulli 6umulet us (the gods) extol the name of ourprovider (Marduk), of the son, the herowho avenged us En. el. VI 163; da§Uu-a-na-biSANABI : MIN (= Ninurta) 5d qar-ra-di CT25 11:30 (list of gods); ur.sag §ul dUtUi :qar-ra-du etlu Sama 4R 17:3f., and passimin bil. addressing Ramag, also UR.SAG §ULdUTU (against amad qu-ra-du in Akk.lit.) CT 37 2 i 25 (Akk., Samsuiluna); noteqar-ra-du etlu Nergal (corr. to ur.sagul dUtu) Gilg. XII 78, also ibid. 77 and 82;

[UR].SAG (var. qar-ra-du) Marduk BMS11:1, see Ebeling Handerhebung 72, and passimin this text, UR.SAG (var. qar-ra-du) Nergalibid. 34, cf. ibid. 30, see von Soden, Iraq 31 83,also ZA 43 17:52, ur.sag dAsal.lu.hi :qar-ra-du Marduk BA 5 396 K.5201:5f., andpassim in SB lit., also Dream-book 342 79-7-8,77:9,5R 62 No. 2:46 (gamag-Aum-ukin); rg 1.me.en [ur].sag.gA dAsal.lu.hi : ana-ku(copy §u) Sd qar-ra-di dAMAR.UD RT 19 49No. 4 (MB? seal); ur.sag dLugal.gir.ra :[qa]r-ra-du Lugalgirra AfO 14 142:29f.;note qar-ra-du Irra (for the usual qurdduIrra) Cagni Erra I 76; UR.SAG NingirsuWeidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 24 Libra 41 VAT7816:18; iti dNin.gir.su ur.sag : ITINingirsu qar-ra-di KAV 218 A i 17 and 24(Astrolabe B); Ninurta qar-ra-[du] AAA 20pl. 100 No. 105 r. 29 (Adn. III), also JRAS 1920567 K.2279+r. 13; dIr.re.e ur.sag : Ere[§qar]-ra-du SBH p. 138 No. IV 106f.; dEn-lilqar-rad m[a$qdr aliu (?)] (name of a wallof Assur) KAV 43 iii 7, see Frankena Takultu125:138; Zababa qar-ra-du-um ra-bi-umCH xliii 82; (gama) qar-ra-du rabiu VAB4 102 ii 31 (Nbk.), also (referring to BamaS):ur.sag ur.sag. gal : qar-ra-du qar-ra-du rab SBH p. 47 No. 23:1 f., p. 48 No. 24:13f.,AJSL 35 138 Ki. 1904-10-9,64 obv. (!) 16 f., restoredfrom dupl. Rm. 379 + Rm. 2,218:11; ur.sag.gal : qar-ra-du rab (referring to Nergal)

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qarraduBA 5 642 No. 10:9f., (Enbilulu) Weissbach Misc.pl. 13:5f., dupl. 4R 18 No. 2, (Ninurta) qar-ra-du rabi Streck Asb. 78 ix 84, wr. UR.SAG GAL BBR No. 25:3, (Nergal?) 4R 30 No.1:4f. and 8f.; zi dBa.u dam ur.sag.gal(var. adds .la).kex [he.pad] : niBa[u a]lti qar-ra-du rabi lu [tamdt] beconjured by DN, the wife of the great heroArOr 21 385:33f., cf. [da]m.ur.sag.[. . .] :[anal al-ti qar-ra-[di] OECT 6 pl. 19:1 f.(coll. R. Borger); dandn qar-ra-di rabi Marsduk the power of the great hero MardukBorger Esarh. 28 vii 13, cf. UR.SAG GAL-UDN Weidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 25 passim, 42r. 6, 45 passim; igi dGIR.UNU.GAL ur.sag.kala.ga dEn.lil.la.kex : ina mahardMIN qar-ra-du(var. -di) dan-nu(var. -ni)§a Enlil CT 16 15:16f.; ana Nergal qar-ra-du gitmdlu Streck Asb. 176 No. 5:1; anaLugalmarada qar-ra-du muttallu CT 3623 i 16, of. Lugalmarada belu lurbu UR.SAGmug-da-Bar ibid. 35 (Nbn.); (Girra) u r. sagmah.di dEn.ki.ga.kex : qar-rad tiz:qdru la dMIN BA 5 648 No. 14:4; ilu Sibittiqar-rad la aandn Cagni Erra 18, 18, and passim,also RA 22 87:1 (Sar.); [qar]-ra-du la pddgalri ilz ahhieu Streck Asb. 182:49; inpersonal names: DINGIR-qar-rad YOS 4156:1, DINGIR-su-qd-ra-ad N569 (unpub.),E-la-qd-ra-ad Pinches Berens Coll. 80:21 (allOAkk.); Sin-qar-ra-ad YOS 14 145:29, 158:5,etc.; I-li-qar-ra-ad ibid. 131:5 (OB); DINGIR-UR.SAG MRS 6 169 RS 16.145:5, 195 RS11.839:21, DINGIR-ka-ra-ad JEN 39:12,291:11, amal-qar-ra-ad JEN 611:6, etc.;Qar-rad-§e-mi UET 7 19:5 (MB); for MAnames of the type DN-UR.SAG, UR.SAG-DNsee Saporetti Onomastica s.v. qarrddu; mEN-UR.SAG KBo 1 14 r. 11 and 18.

2' used as a superlative with a fol-lowing genitive: dir.ra ur.sag dingir.re.e.ne : Nergal.. .qar-rad ilz BA 5 642No. 10:3f., cf. qar-rad ili ni-bit-su STC 1205:18, see Ebeling Handerhebung 94, cf. CraigABRT 1 59:9; Irra qar-rad ilz Cagni Erra I 5,also 40, 130, cf. (Nergal) Wiseman Treaties 455,Streck Asb. 196 No. 7:22, OECT 6 pi. 29 K.3507

qarradur. 15 (Asb. colophon), also (referring to Sin) LyonSar. 9:57, (Nabi) Craig ABRT 1 5:3 (NA), seeStreck Asb. 344, (Ninurta) AKA 243 i 6 (Asn.),KAR 31:10, wr. UR.SAG DINGIR.ME§ 1R29 i 3 (gami-Adad V); dl qar-rad ili laqed t-Ux(GI§GAL)-lu WO 4 32 v 4 (Shalm. III);ur.sag A.nun.na.e.ne : qar-ra-duAnunnaki ArOr 21 361:18f.; Ninurta qar-rad(!) IgigzuAnunnakki Layard 87:9 (Shalm.III), also KAH 2 89:9, 90:3, 91:2 (all Tn. II),KAH 2 84:2 (Adn. II), AnSt 19 116:9 (Asn.);Adad ... aAarid Igigi qar-rad AnunnakckUnger Reliefstele 3 (Adn. III); (Ninurta) UR.SAG Igig AKA 255 i 2 (Asn.); for further refs.see Tallqvist Gotterepitheta 162ff.; note re-ferring to a goddess: AguSaja qd-ra-adi-li RA 15 179 vii 6 (OB Agugaja B).

b) said of a king: gar-kali-arri ilumUR.SAG Akkadi Adab 767 (unpub. OAkk.),cited MAD 3 27; UR.SAG gamil Larsam thehero, the one who spared Larsa CH ii 32;Hammurapi lugal ur.sag kala.ga :Sarrum qar-ra-du-um dannum the king,the mighty hero LIH 60 iv 6, of. ana Samssuiluna 6arrim dannim re'im qar-ra-dimYOS 9 35 ii 64; urdndku qar-ra-da-ku (var.UR.SAG-ku) I am indeed a hero AKA265 i 32 (Asn.), also KAH 2 84:15 var. (Adn. II);ina 3 umeUR.SAG adu ihLza in three daysthe hero (king) penetrated into the moun-tain (to find and defeat the enemy) AKA271 i 51 (Asn.), also, wr. qar-ra-du 3R 8 ii 71(Shalm. III); RN UR.SAG AKA 306 ii 35 (Asn.);qar-ra-du gitm[dl]u Borger Esarh. 96:22;qar-rad par-ri-k[i] Borger Einleitung 103:4(AA§ur-re§-iti I); qar-ra-ad qar-ra-[de-e]hero of heroes VAB 4 66 i 12 (Nabopolassar),cf. qar-ra-ad qar-r[a-di ... ] (corr. tour.sag ur.sag.e.ne TLB 2 3:11) UET 1146 Fragm. B ii 2', see Sjoberg, ZA 54 51 f., alsoqar-rad qar-ra-di STT 70:3, see RA 53 132;umma Sami RN arri rabi ar mat HattiUR.SAG thus says the Sun, Suppiluliuma,the great king, the king of Hatti, the heroMRS 9 48 RS 17.340:1, ibid. 40 RS 17.227:2,and passim in the titles of Hittite kings in treaties,for refs. see Labat L'Akkadien p. 185, rarely

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qarridu

as title of the king of Egypt: RN §arrurabi ar Mi4ri UR.SAG KBo 1 7:4, 5, 6,25:6; see also Seux Epithetes 229-231; note ina personal name: Samsuiluna-qar-ra-adCT 45 48:5 (OB).

c) other occs.: umma ima andku qar-ra-da-ku-u-mi elteqemi atta §a tamahharuma muhurmi he (said): Am I a hero?I have taken (the house), as for you, getwhatever you can A XII/66:24 (unpub. Susaletter, courtesy J. Bottkro); lillu mdru pandi'allad le' qar-du (var. qar-ra-[du]) aani nibissu (see qardu mng. le) Lambert

BWL 86:263 (Theodicy); [§umma ana] kuqar-ra-da-ku ibdA if (he says) "I am ahero," he will come to shame ZA 43 96:8(Sittenkanon), cf. sarrdr qar-ra-ad (apod.)Labat Suse 8 r. 29, 6umma qar-rad CT 51147:32; libbu ddn libbu qar-rad kima neiima[l]i puluh[tu] the heart is strong, theheart is a hero, it is full of terror like a lionKiichler Beitr. pl. 4 iii 65; urudu.nig.kala.ga ur.sag.an.na.kex: MIN-U qar-ra-du (var. qar-rad) Anim CT 16 24 i 25and 27; ur.sag na 4 .gi .nUx(IR). galgar(var. [k]a(?)) .ra.du.um.bi uruba.ab.lah 4.lah4 (var. ba.ab.lah.e) :qar-ra-du NA 4 MIN qar-rad-su-nu dldniiallal4uniti Lugale I 38; as personal name:Qar-ra-du ARM 5 72 r. 6' and 19', etc., alsoOBT Tell Rimah 322 ii 42, Loretz Chagar Bazar40:8; Qar-ra-di Iraq 30 pl. 45 TR 2021+ :16,JCS 7 126 No. 12:1, 14 (MA), PN DUMU Qar-ra-di-im JCS 9 101 No. 98:11 (OB), also,wr. Qa-ra-ti MRS 6 106 RS 16.206:6; as geo-graphic name: URU Qar-ra-di Iraq 17 40No. 9:18 (NA).

2. warrior - a) in lit.: anna mithu=rumma a qar-ra-di now is the clashingof the warriors RA 45 172:17 (OB lit.);ur.sag.dib.ba.mu : qar-r[a-du] aakmin the warriors I have captured AngimIV 6 (= 158); u[r.sag A].rgan1 i.me.eS.a Sa.di.e in.da.an.gl.la.e§.aa.ba sag mu.un.gA.g6 : an[a] qar-ra-di gitmdluti a [i]Stn libba laknu man-nu-i a-lia-ar <<ar who will go against

qarradu

mighty warriors who have but one pur-pose? Lambert BWL 268 iii 5, cf. [ur.sag.k]ala.ga a.gi 6.a gaba gi 4 .gi 4 .aqar-ra-du-u da[nnutu ... ] only a strongwarrior can resist a flood ibid. 265:8;dam ur.sag.rgt.kej dumu ban.da.e dumu.ni mu.un. ub : alti qar-ra-du martu Qihirtu mara4u iddi thewarrior's wife lost (from her womb) thelittle girl, her child SBH p. 131 No. I 60f.;ekkalu qar-ra-du ina buginnija warriorseat from a trough made of me (the tam-arisk) Lambert BWL 158:23 (MA Tamariskand Date Palm), cf. ina bukinnija [ik]kaluqa-r[a-du] ibid. 156 r. 4 (OB version); inabdb qar-ra-di a raAubbata mal [inae]rebika KAR 3:11; (hand) Sa ... kimaSeti ukattimu qar-ra-du which covers thewarrior like a net Maqlu III 162; qar-ra-di-u lidamqit may she (ITtar) strike downhis warriors CH xliv 8; you (Igtar) areekallu munapp[igat] qar-ra-di a palacewhich crushes the warriors (within it)Gilg. VI 35, cf. le'itu mudammiqat para4qar-ra-di BA 5 627 No. 4 ii 6; kz UR.SAGmuttahhip ina damsa Qallat she (thewoman in childbirth) lies in her own bloodlike a fighting warrior Iraq 31 31:40 (inc.);ihuzma qar-ra-di-i-la Idiglat ina kutldtisiparri iskir she (Ittar) took her warriors(and) dammed up the Tigris with bronzefences CT 15 2 viii 7 (OB lit.), see Romer,WO 4 13; lizuzu hurd4a UR.SAG RN let thewarriors of Sargon divide the gold VAS12 193:20 (ar tamhari), cf. ibid. 23 and passimin this text, note ul qar-ra-da-nu we areno warriors ibid. 18; ar arrdni pi4u[zpulamma] ana qar-ra-a-ti-[Su izakkar]qar-ra-ti-ia-ma 6imd [. . .] KUB 37 139:6f.;for QAR-RA-[DI-IA] as Akkadogram in Hitt.see Giiterbock, ZA 44 70:18; note the ad-jectival pl.: 7 lm qar-ra-du-tu-u-a (inbroken context) Bauer Asb. 1 pi. 24 K.2634:4(SB lit.); qar-ra-du-ti-ka uur AnSt5 108: 163(Cuthean legend).

b) in omen texts: larrum qd-ra-diiralli the king will acquire (enough) war-

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riors YOS 10 42 i 9, ii 63, and 41:65, wr.qd-ar-ra-di RA 67 42:24 (all OB ext.), cf.rub2 qar-ra-de-e irag4i Leichty Izbu V 98,Sarru UR.SAG.ME§ irali ibid. XVII 59, cf.ibid. VII 145, BRM 4 13:57, rubc UR.SAG.MEAiragi TCL 6 3:35 (SB ext.); qd-ar-ra-duja'utun u a LtI.KUR iteni imaqqutu mywarriors as well as those of the enemywill fall (in battle) YOS 10 42 iv 22 (OBext.), cf. rubi u UR.SAG.ME9-42 mithdri4imaqqutu Boissier DA 96:15 (SB ext.), qd-ra-du Sut reim imaqqutu YOS 10 42 iv 3,qar-ra-da-an gina imuttanim ibid. 31 ix 25;qa[r(?)-r]a-ad LUGA[L an]a nakrim igtaddih RA 67 44:48, cf. ibid. 50 (all OB ext.);Sarru UR.SAG.MES-i inirrulu the king'sown warriors will slay him Labat Calen-drier § 66':6, cf. CT 20 7 K.3999:16; eli UR.SAG.ME -e-l puluhtU SUB. UB-Ut BRM 413:8; 9A.HUL UR.SAG.MEA-U-a [...] (inbroken context) CT 20 12 K.6393 r. 2 and 4,cf. CT 31 14 K.2090 ii 6 (all SB ext.).

qarradfitu s.; heroism, valor, bravery;OB, Bogh., SB; cf. qardu.

ur.sag = qar-ra-du, nam.ur.sag = qar-ra-du-tu CT 19 33 79-7-8,30+37:8f.; gar.an = DU-X-X,ru-um-mu-ku, qar-r [a-du], qar-ra-[du-tu] Silben-vokabular A 87.

lipiA.m6.am nam.ur.sag.ga A.nam.ur.sag.g A me.[e] : qurri tdhazi idi qar-ra-du-tiemiqdn [qa]r-ra-du-ti ana-[ku] I (Iitar) am theheart of battle, the arm of heroism, the strengthof heroism SBH p. 105 No. 56:27f.; a.a.zuA.nam.ur.sag. g.zu.9 nig.ba ha.ra.an.b a. : abaka ana idi qar-ra-du-ti-ka qgita liqgikayour father should give you a present because ofyour heroic strength Angim II 31 (= 90), also ibid.32 (= 91), and passim in Angim, cf. a.nam.ur.sag. g.mu = ana idi qar-ra-du-ti-ia LugaleXI 12; ur.sag nam.ur.sag.ga.a.ni pa.6.a.k ex(KID) : qar-ra-du d qar-ra-du-us-su diupta thehero whose heroism is manifest Angim IV 49(= 201); nam.[ur].sag Au.du,: qar-ra-du-tamJuklulu ArOr 21 376:50.

mig~u dandnu qar-ra-du-ti-ka what hasbecome of your great valor? (addressingEnkidu) Gilg. Y. iv 145 (OB); idt qar-ra-du-ut-ka 6arrdni itanaddaru qabalka thekings know your valor, they fear your

qarratu

attack Tn.-Epic "ii" 11; qar-ra-du-t a iSzmininni il rabiti the heroism whichthe great gods bestowed on me StreckAsb. 258 i 29, cf. (the king) §a A ur ...Ihtar ... imat qar-ra-du-ti i6smu ibid.308 e 1; [. . .] ana qar-ra-du-ut-ti-ka4 andkud M [. .. ] GI.TUKUL.HI.A qar-ra-du-tiandku ad-x-[...] [. .. ] for your valor, I,the storm god, will give(?) you weaponsof valor KUB 3 87:21f.; (the king) §aina mezez qar-ra-du-ti-vu ulekniu rubekal Sarrdni who with the fierceness ofhis bravery subjugates the rulers, all thekings Weidner Tn. 26 No. 16:9, cf. Rost Tigl.III p. 74:24; tamhdk tilpdnu iiqu ulapralsimat qar-ra-du-ti I can handle the throwstick, I can let the arrow fly, as befitsvalor Streck Asb. 256 i 21; ana simat qar-ra-du-ti-d Sa DN in order to (make it)fitting for Iitar's bravery (I rebuilt hertemple) AAA 19 109 (pl. 86) No. 272:34 (Asn.),cf. (a processional chariot) rukibu ...simat qar-ra-du-ti-Su RA 11 112 ii 21, dupl.CT 36 23 ii 21 (Nbn.); musaru ~ifir §umijau tanitti qar-ra-du-ti-ia a foundationdocument inscribed with my name and thepraise of my heroism Piepkorn Asb. 98 viii76, also Iraq 30 103:76 (Asb.); qurdi Arurbelija u tanitti qar-ra-du-ti-id iqanabbdhe proclaimed again and again the powerof Ai§ur, my lord, and the praise of myheroism Borger Esarh. 103 i 7; rubt a ta=nitti qar-ra-du-ti-ia idabbubu mdhira ajiri the prince who will utter the praiseof my (Irra's) heroism shall have no rivalCagni Erra V 52, cf. tanitti qar-ra-du-tiAS ur Borger Esarh. 99 r. 50, cf. ibid. 89 iii 6,also tanitti qar-ra-du-ti-u ibid. 91 § 61:5,also AfO 20 94:109 (Senn.); note ga paraqqar-du-ti (var. qar-ra-du-te) 6uklulat (seeqardutu) KAH 2 84:4 (Adn. II).

qarratIu s.; (a plant); plant list.*(i pi-ndr-tzt: i6 qar-[r]at-hu (vars. qa-frat-hu,

qa-a[r-rat-hu]) Uruanna II 498.

qarrltu s.; (name of a month and of afestival in Assyria); OA, MA, NA.

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qarriguITI Qar-ra-a-ti = ITI SE.KIN.KUD 5R 43 r. 12

(list of months), see Bab. 6 181:72.

a) name of a month - 1' in OA: ITI.KAM Qd-ra-a-tim CCT 5 19a: 7, 45b:5', KienastATHE 55:6, ICK 1 143:16, ITI.1.KAM Qd-ra-a-tim Hecker Giessen 16:26, and passim inOA.

2' in MA: ITI Qar-ra-a-tu AOB 1 88No. 9:38 (Adn. I), also VAS 19 14:37, 25 leftedge, 68:19, KAJ 131:12, AfO 10 36 No. 68:13,and passim, wr. Qar-ra-tu KAJ 49:24,AfO 10 36 No. 67:9, No. 69:7, and passim, Qar-ra-a-tum KAJ 43:20, 99:28, Qar-ra-te AfO10 37 No. 72:13, Qar-ra-a-te ibid. 36 No. 64:1;itu ITI Qar-ra-te KAJ 306a:1, 5, 12, adiITI Qar-ra-a-ti KAJ 80:3, ITI Qar-ratKAJ 196:11; note ITI Qar-ra-tu.ME§ KAJ118:24.

b) name of a festival (NA): 1 (BAN)UD.17.KAM 1 (BAN) UD.18.KAM a ITI.§Eina qar-rat one seah (of wine) on the 17th,one seah on the 18th of the month ofAddaru at the q. (festival) (cf. naphar xkardnu §a i-si-na-a-te line 12) KAV 79 r. 9.

In OA, Qarrdtu is the eighth month ofthe eponymy year, see Larsen The Old As-syrian City-State 53 n. 18.

Hirsch Untersuchungen 55 n. 282.

qarrilu (qarsu) s.; (a caterpillar); SB.n[a-x]-u = qa-ri-4u An IX 85.u-ia-a-hu (var. u-a-u-hu) : nap-pi-lu qar-ri- 4,

nap-pi-lu: na-pu-u qar-ri-Su (var. qar-su) ad ep-riUruanna III 260 f., in MSL 8/2 64, var. from KocherPflanzenkunde 21 ii 12.

[.. .]-i qa-ri-ii irtanab[bi4?] [if] acaterpillar lies [in.. .] (in broken context)Dream-book 321 Sm. 1458:x+6.

Landsberger Fauna 128.

qarru adj.; (mng. unkn.); SB.*<ina kibsa qar-ra ikunu ina 6peija

they have laid a .... path for my feetLambert BWL 200 i 15, and delete this ref.from karru B s.

qaru A

qarru s.; (a topographic feature); Nuzi.*a[Sum] 8 awihari A.§A §a ina muhhi

rqarl-ri 4ibuti mugelwu a eqli ana panida[jdni] iqtabt A.SA 8 awi[hari a ina]muhhi qar-ri nenu nugelw' (PN broughtsuit against PN2) in the matter of an eight-awiharu field that is on the q., the wit-nesses who surveyed the field said to thejudges: We ourselves surveyed the eight-awiharu field that is on the q. JEN 650:5and 8; 8 awihari fA.§A1 ga ina muhhi qar-ri addin ibid. 17; 8 awihari A.SA Sa muhhiqar-ri ilteqe ibid. 20.

qarruhu (AHw. 905b) see qardhu andqarrathu.

qarrurtu see qarurtu.

qarrutu s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*[x.x g]al.la = [qarl-ru-tum Nabnitu 0 341.

qarsu see qarriu.

qarfu see karqu.

qartappu see kartappu.

qarfuppu see qan tuppi.

*qarf (qariu) adj.; invited; NA; cf.qeru.

47074 ERIN.ME SAL.ME§ qa-ri-u-tix invited men and women (as guests atthe banquet of AgAur-nair-apli II) Iraq 1435 iv 142.

qarfi see kar2 B and qer.

qarraru see qardru s.

qru A s.; (an ornament); MA, NA.A total of 449 gold rosettes Sa kisitte

riksi inbe upir'e u qa-ri Sa alamite for thetrunk, the branches, the flowers, and thebuds, and the q. ornaments(?) of thealamitu tree AfO 18 302 i 16 (MA inv.), cf.

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qiru B(precious stones) ina qa-a-ri §a riksdnion the ornamental design of the bandsibid. 7, also [.. . in]-be u pir'e 6 qa-a-ria libbi riksdni ibid. 3; qa-a-ru a hurdai

issu muhhi paM uri uttdri a ina pan DNiqalapa (PN committed a robbery) hepeeled off the golden q. from the ....table that is in front of the Iitar (statue)ABL 1389:8.

Kocher, AfO 18 309.

qaru B s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*GIGai-im-mu dUTU / si-im-[(x)]-mu qa-ri CT 41

45 BM 76487:15 (Uruanna comm., coll. W. vonSoden), cf. [aIo] dUTU : sim-mu §a[m-Si] CT 37 27iii 5.

qarurtu (or qarrurtu) s.; (mng. unkn.);MA, NA; pl. qarrurdtu.

3-su qa-ru-ur-td mu-bu-u kare onethird of a q., (of) a stomach's thicknessvan Driel Cult of AAur 100 x 8' (coll. from photo-graph); 2 kirru 12 li-bu 12 qar-ru-ra-tuVAS 19 29:15 (MA).

qarfiru s.; receding (of water); SB*;cf. qardru v.

illik dribima qa-ru-ra a m z'murmamy raven went out, it saw the recedingof the waters Gilg. XI 153.

Schott, ZA 41 217.

qaspu (or qazpu) s.; (a tool); NA.*5 qa-as-pe parzilli Postgate Palace Archive

155 iv 15.

*qapapu v.; to be angry; WSem. glossin EA; IV (only WSem. perfect attested).

ul tidi atta mat Amurri urra m ila tu=ba'una qdbe pitdte u-ul ta-Ja-a4 // na-aq-ga-pu do you not know that the Amurruare asking for the archers day and night,is it (Amurru) not distressed, gloss: arethey (not) angry? EA 82:51, cf. [at]ta.6a andku [//na]-aq-ea-ap-ti EA 93:5 (bothletters of Rib-Addi).

qagdu

qagaru see kadru.

qagirtu (or kagirtu) s.; (mng. unkn.);lex.*

eme.u(?).a.§a = qa-qi-ir-tum Sag Bil. Re-cension B 233; i[nim.x.x] .x = qa-i-ir-tum ibid.288.

Since the orthography of this recensionpoints to a north Syrian provenience, theword may represent an aberrant spellingof kagirtu or may be a WSem. word.

qafabitti see qdt ibitti.

qaggibitti see qdt ibitti.

qaui see kai A.

qaiadu see kadidu, qa4du, and qulSudu.

**qaAlu (AHw. 906a) ABL 713:10 isprobably to be emended to ak(!)-tal(!)-dc-6i I imprisoned him, cf. Aa-ab-ta kil-ds-8G ibid. 7.

qagbu s.; (a variety of dates); NB*;Aram. word(?).

4 (BAN) asn2 5 (BAN) qa-dd-bi u iltenkuaja x Telmun dates, x q., and onecold weather(?) date palm VAS 3 180:11.

von Soden, Or. NS 46 192.

qaldatu s.; (a priestess);qaddu.

m[u.g]ibx(GIL) = nu.gig =itar[itu] Emesal Voc. II 78f.

lex.*; cf.

qa-dg-[da-tu],

Byform of qadiStu, q.v.

qagdu (fem. qaditu) adj.; holy; OB,SB; cf. qaddu.

UDta-am-maMA = qd-al-du (var. qa-d4-du) Erim-hu§ V 117.

al-lum, qa-dS-du = al-luin An VIII 47 f.

a) said of gods: ilu qd-aA-du-tum(text-kum) 6unu lilliluka may the holy godscleanse you CT 42 32:13, dupl. ilu qd-

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qalduaJ-du-tum kaluSunu a Aadim lillipukamay all the holy gods of the mountainsconjure you Bohl Leiden Coll. 2 3:9 (OB inc.),see von Soden, BiOr 18 71 f.; enimapi qa-d-diLUH-U when you wash the mouth ofthe holy one Or. NS 34 112 K.10664:6.

b) said of a temple: rfl.UL.MA qa-d-du Subat ilz [.. .] 4R 58 i 4 with unpub.join, courtesy F. Kocher, cf. Ul-ma qa-d[-du]Ugaritica 6 398:21 (Lamatu).

c) said of offerings: parqz Esagil qa-dg-du-te ana adrilunu utir I restored theholy rites of Esagil Borger Esarh. 24:13;gumdhz riMtIti gukkalli maruti zi'b qa-dg-du-ti ... aqqima I made sacrifices con-sisting of first-quality bulls, fattened guk;kallu sheep, (and) holy food offerings BohlLeiden Coll. 3 p. 35:33, also RA 10 203 iv 13(both Sin-Aar-ilkun).

d) other occs.: libkica Ulai qa-di-tulet the holy Ulai River mourn you JCS 892:11, dupl. K.9997:5 (Gilg. VIII i 18); ummaqd-a4-da-at YBC 1299:7 (OB), cited AHw. s.v.qacadu; ahu la qa-Sid [...] the pig isunclean(?) [...] Lambert BWL 215 r. 13;

amui qd-aS-[du], [...] KI-tim qd-a -da-[at] Maqlu VI 76f., restored from K.13241, alsoK.10341:3 f., see W. G. Lambert, JSS 19 84.

For MSL 4 28 Emesal Voc. III 14 see kafddulex. section; for STT 394 (= Malku VIII) 109 seeqardu.

qatdu see *qatu.

qadfitu s.; status of a qaditu woman;lex.*; cf. qadaiu.

Aa .ki.Ag.a.ni.ta nam.nu.gig.a.niin.ne.in.tuk.tuk : ina r4meu qd-al-du-us-su hussu because of his love forher, he married her even though she wasa qadi4tu woman Ai. VII iii 9f.

qalatu s.; (a consecrated woman);Mari; cf. qaddiu.

PN qa-a-Ja-tum (beside women desig-nated as amat PNor as almattum "widow")

qatu

ARM 9 291 i 5, 14, 36, ii 3, 4, 19, 23, and passimin this text; note PN qa-ag-a-at ibid. i 21.

Apparently, qalatum is a Mari byformto qaditu. For Alalakh refs. see ka1i2adj. See also qadu adj.

qa§§u see kal4u A and B and qadu.

*qaltu (or qaldu, fern. qaittu) adj.; (qual-ifying a type of net); lex.*

gig.sa.galam.kad = qa-git-tum .... net Hh.VI 180; gig.sa.galam.kad 5 = qa-it-tum = MIN(= §e-e-tum) Hg. A II 34, in MSL 6 78.

qatu (qaltu) s. fem.; 1. bow, 2. archer,3. (a constellation or star), 4. bow fief,i.e., land granted by the king to whichoriginally was attached the obligation tooutfit an archer; from OA, OB on; pl.qagdtu; wr. syll. and (GI§.)PAN, in mng. 2also LoT.(GI .)PAN; cf. qagtu in bel qati,qatu in bit qati, qatu in rab qagti, qatuin §a qaSti.

pa-na PAN = MIN (= [qa-a.-tum]) A VIII/4:83,also Sb I 288; GIS.Pa-aPAN = q[a]-aS-tum AntagalC 247; GI .PAN = qdl-tu Hh. VII A 48; gi-e GIL =qa-d-tu A III/1:237; te-er GIS.TIR = qd-al-tum,pa-na GIS.PAN = qd-a4-tum Proto-Diri 132f.; te-erTIR = qi-tum, qa-ag-tum A VII/4:83f.

[GIsgi'-e-buR]U, [GI§][il-lu-luRU = til-pa-nu = qa-a4-[tu x x] Hg. B II 61f., in MSL 6 109, [gig.RU]. du = dliktu = qa-aS-[tu] ma-li-tum, [gi 4. Ru.zi]= te-bi-tum = MIN MIN, [gi6.RU.nigin] = sa-hir-tum = MIN MIN, [gi.RU.6ub.ba] = [m]a-qit-tum = MIN ra-mit, [giA.Ru.me.te] = [atml] 9a

Su-ti-i = qa-[Sat] kad-[re-e] ibid. 63 ff.[L(I.PAN] = [9a qd-aS]-rtiml OB Lu A 453;

Lt.GI.PAN Bab. 7 pi. 5 ii 30, see MSL 12 238;lu.pan, lu.pan.zu.zu (after lu.bara 2.tag.tag, 16.ma.an.du.um = e-pi-i ba-Sa-mi) OB LuD 296f.; L[.ZADIM.GI].[PAN.ME1 MSL 12 234ii B 23 (NA list of professions).

mul.[giA.pan] = [qa]-dS-tum Hh. XXII Sec-tion 10:6.

mir lu.ra te.a.ta s'pan a.ma.uru5 .mu :ibba Sa ana amli ite dT qa-a-t [alubija] (I

hold) the serpent which attacks man, the bow ofmy abiibu weapon Angim III 35 (= 142); ofRzag h[6].e.*ckbe gi tir h6.e.l da.ba.anrfu.tag1.ga.ab si'mud [tu.t]i (?).a.ab : anan=tam kiqsar q[d-a-t]am i-Ji lar-[da]-pa tu-ru-[u]kak[ka] tumu[h] get ready for battle, take up the

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qatu labow, pull taut the reins, grasp the mace 2N-T343(= A 29975) r. 6 (MB).

til-pa-n[u] = [qa-a4-tu] Malku III 17; PA.NA =qa-a -ti Izbu Comm. 117; sir = qa-dJ-tu JRAS1917 103 r. 36 (Kassite vocab.), see Balkan Kassit.Stud. 4.

1. bow - a) parts, manufacture, opera-tion: GI§ qa-Sa-tim egetim . .. maJkisarputim li-ha-ab/p-b/pu-i-na-ti u epi=tam ana libbim literru oGI qa-Sa-tum ginaittija ana harrdnim illaka they shouldwrap (?) the new bows with tanned leatherand turn the end toward the center (i.e.,bend the bows?), these bows will go onthe campaign with me ARM 18 9:4 and 10;(large amounts of some material) inamuhhi 8 ERIN.MES GAL.ME§ LfT.ZADIM.PAN.ME§ ana i4kar x [...] §a 500 Gi§.PAN.MES ana epdSe charged to eight....of the bowmakers as working materialto make five hundred bows AfO 10 30and 50 VAT 15400 r. 9; sihpa fa GI§.PANegiani ana ikari a Lt.ZADIM dina (see

i4karu A mng. 2d) KAV 100:20; 20 GI§.PAN.MES la sahptum .. . a qgt PN sasinnitwenty bows not wrapped with bast (to bedelivered by) the bowmaker PN VAS 1920:2, cf. ibid. 11 and 17 (allMA); PNLt sasinnu§a GI§.PAN.ME§ HSS 13 445:21 (Nuzi); KU§gi(copy ri)-ril-di GUD] ana KU§ me-§e-e-tiId GI .PAN ox sinews for .... for bows(given to PN, the bowmaker) 82-7-14,2610r. 5 (NB); mummu GI.PAN ana qidatiki(return) frame of the bow to your forests(arrow to the canebrake, bow string to thesheep's tendon) RA 46 32 ff. ii 12, 26, 42, dupl.STT 19:79; iblimma GI .PAN kakkaSu uaddimulmullu uStarkiba ukinSi matnu (Mar-duk) fashioned a bow, designated it as hisweapon, he nocked an arrow (on it), fixeda bowstring on it En. el. IV 35, cf. ibid. 38;Summa GIS.PAN immelil Dream-book 329 r. ii11, also (with umalli, iddanaggal, ittanassuk) ibid.12ff., see Oppenheim, ibid. p. 286 n. 132; GIa.PAN 7 GI.KAK.UD.TAG.GA qaqqadparzilli.. .ina qteiu tuSalbassu .. . iltahu isabbatma ilalla GIS.PAN-ma ilakkanma youhave him (a man who does not know the

qagtu Ichouse) take in his hands a bow and seveniron-tipped arrows, he takes an arrow andshoots (it), he sets aside the bow LKA120:8 and 11 (namburbi), see Caplice, Or. NS 39142f.; GIS.PAN 5a GIS.MI (= gill) D-uS

you make a (model) bow out of a needle (?)(for context see matnu mng. 2) KocherBAM 272:4, restored from AMT 73,2:7, see Biggsgaziga 53; tulul GIS.PAN ukuduka imtalibillu (var. liblu) draw the bow, let yourarrows carry poison RA 46 28 i 10, dupl.STT 21 (SB Epic of Zu); ina irat GIS.PANqand ubilummu STT 19:60, also tu[lul]ina irat GIS.PAN-ka STT 21:111, also, wr.[qa-a]l-ti-ka RA 46 38 iii 14, 37; cobwebsare spun over our armor qa-6at-ni fdbtuibbalkitma idnina [e]li emuqini (see narbalkutu mng. 3g) Cagni Erra I 89; may thegods GIS.PAN ina qdtikunu lugabalkituWiseman Treaties 574; a tilpdnu la idu maldtGI§.PAN-U he who did not even know(how to hurl) the throw stick has his bownocked Cagni Erra IV 8; when I took overthe kingdom inuhu ulmeunu eelutiulapihu GIS.PAN-,u-un mal[ati] (seemale adj. usage e) Streck Asb. 260 ii 16.

b) types and decorations: 6 GIS.PAN.MES ina libbi 2-ta ak-ka-de-e-ti (besidelances, daggers, etc., as equipment ofbowmen) TCL 12 114:1, cf. 60 GIS.PAN.MEURIki-ti 60 GI.PAN.ME gimirru'zti sixtyAkkadian bows, sixty Cimmerian bowsAnOr 8 35:25, also YOS 6 237:3 and 15, 1-etGIS.PAN a-kat(!)-ti-tu 82-7-14,605:1 (allNB),see also *anSanu; 96 6ukurri kaspi gurpisikaspi GIS.PAN kaspi iltahi kaspi a nihziu ihzi hurJdu 96 silver lances, coats ofmail with silver scales, silver bows,silver arrows with gold inlay (as bootyfrom Urartu) TCL 3 378 (Sar.); x GIS.GIGIR.MES kaspi GIS.PAN kaspi ipat kaspi ibid.382, cf. (of copper) ibid. 394; for decoratedbows see EA 29:184 (let. of TuIratta), citedilpatu mng. lb.

c) used on the royal hunt: ina GiS.PAN-ia dannate Sukidparzilli u mulmullUjazaqtte (I killed four wild bulls) with my

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qagtu Id

strong bow, iron (tipped) arrows, and mypointed mulmullu arrows AKA 85 vi 65(Tigl. I), cf. tmih GI.PAN la San*n ibid.84 vi 56; 5 nele ... ina GI§.PAN-a ezzeteusamqit AKA 226:34 (Asn.), cf. AKA 139 iv 7(Tigl. I); almad 5al GIS.PAN rukkib AN§E.KUR.RA GIA.GIGIR ,abdt aStte I learnedto shoot with a bow, ride a horse-drawnchariot, hold the reins Streck Asb. 4 i 34,for other refs. see gal, cf. §i-[l]a(?)-a(!)-

at qa-al-ti-du LKA 62:14, see Ebeling, Or. NS18 35.

d) used in warfare - 1' as royalweapon: belum ilz p[atram qd-d]S-tdmaritam liddinaSSum may the lord, my god,give him a dagger, a bow, (and) a shieldBelleten 14 228:74 (Irigum), see von Soden, Or.NS 25 145f. n. 1; Itar belet qabli u tahaziGIA.PAN dannatu giltahu Aamru iqSanniana qlti Borger Esarh. 46 ii 38, cf. ibid. 98r. 28, cf. also 65:8; GIE.PAN dannatu 6aAsurulatlima ina qdteja agbat OIP 2 44 v 71(Senn.); Ninurta u Nergal kakkeunu ezziteu GIA.PAN-SU-nU grta ana idi belitijailruku DN and DN 2 lent their fierce weap-ons and their supreme bow to my lordlyarm AKA 84 vi 59 (Tigl. I); ul [ina dand]nija ul ina dandni GOI.PAN-ia inae[muq] dandni i4tardtija (see dandnumng. 1) OECT 6 pl. 11 r. 4 (prayer of Asb.);for nice hubut GI§.PAN-ia Borger Esarh. 49iii 10, 59 v 48, and passim in Senn. and Esarh.,Camb. 334:4, see hubtu mng. 3b; amitKubaba sabiti §a zI-ma PAN MURUB 4muh-ri (appearance of) the liver (re-ferring to) (Queen) PN, the tavern keeper,referring to "...., receive the bow ofbattle" BM 75224 r. 13 (SB ext., coll. C. B. F.Walker), cf. the parallel: amut Kubbabi§a tibe 6alamtum GI§.P[AN (?) x] mu-uh-ri-iYOS 10 46 v 14 (OB ext.), cf. qa-Sat M[ ... ]Sm. 1093+ :7 (astrol.).

2' used by archers: (I captured withmy own hands) mundafh su na-Si GI§.PAN Rost Tigl. III p. 34:198, Suti n~d GI§.PAN Iraq 16 183:71 (Sar.), see also naMi2A v. mng. 2c-2'; IStar belet qabli u

qaltu letahazi ... idaja tazzizma GI.PAN-8u-nutaSbir the goddess of warfare stood atmy side and broke their (the enemies')bow Borger Esarh. 44 i 75, cf. (Itar) inaMi danni GI.PAN-ku-nu li,-bir WisemanTreaties 453, cf. ibid. 573, also Borger Esarh. 109iv 18, Streck Asb. 194 r. 25, cf. (IStar) GI§.PAN-8U-nu lzkim x-x-tu-Sd-nu liikun AfO8 25 v 13 (treaty of ASfur-nirari V); 9 adbeissiu ina libbi GI§.PAN mahhuyu 2 inalibbiSunu BE nine men with him (theofficer) were struck down by a bow, twoof them died ABL 424 r. 6; mannu 5aina muhhini illakni ina GI§.PAN nikarraruanyone who moves against us, we willrepulse(?) with the bow ABL 727 r. 11, seePostgate Taxation 293:24 (both NA); the rulersof GN and GN2 u ~gbeunu ana muhhiahdmeS ina GI§.PAN GAR.ME kibsu a ar=ddni a larri ... ki i muru ina muhhi nahalana uubti ... ittaSab and their troops,all armed(?) with bows, when they dis-covered the tracks of the king's men, laidan ambush along the wadi ABL 520:16 (NB).

3' referring to Elamite noblemen: GI§.PAN tuklat (var. simat) idiu AfO 8 182 ii10; GI§.PAN.ME§ a RN §ar Elamti inalibbiina ultarrihu ana mithus ummdndtejathe bows with which RN, king of Elam,made boast that he would give battle tomy armies ibid. 196 ii 28, also Streck Asb.174 K.1703 iv 1; PN, overwhelmed by theterror-inspiring sheen of my kingship GI§.PAN-SU ibirma broke his bow (and sub-mitted to me) AfO 8 184 iv 4 (Asb.); qdteSuukarrit Sa GI .PAN ibatu I cut off itshands (those of the statue of the kingof Elam) that had taken up the bowStreck Asb. 214 iii 12.

e) as a weapon of gods: Itar ...tam at GIS.PAN ina idia Streck Asb. 192:28;Anuntu beet tdhazi na-iS-ta GI .PAN UiSpati Anunitu, goddess of battle, whocarries bow and quiver VAB 4 228 iii 22(Nbn.); Tilpak na-6i GIA.PAN-8U Rm. 294:8(comm., courtesy W. G. Lambert); Nergal beltille u qa-6d-ti kakkziu ligebbir BBSt. No. 8

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qaltu Ifiv 21 (NB); Teup EN GIS.PAN KBo 1 3 r. 2,see BoSt 8 50 r. 19; GI§.PAN-4U-nU pandt6arri lu ta-al-[lat] may they (the gods)go with braced bow before the king ABL1400:13 (NA); jalam Aur ... .GI.PAN kiea nal ina GI.IGIR a rakbu (I made)a relief (showing) A§Aur holding the bowand riding in the chariot (in the battleagainst Tiamat) OIP 2 140:7 (Senn.), cf.(all gods) ina pan GI .PAN-,U ezzeti im:medu amdmi STC 1 205:20 (hymn to Marduk),cf. also imuruma GI§.PAN ki nukkulatbinita (see binutu mng. 1) En. el. VI 84;(Nergal) GI§.PAN-u [i]t-lul STT 28 vi 17,see Gurney, AnSt 10 126 (Nergal and Eregkigal);note in a personal name: URU mGI§.PAN-Adad YOS 7 147:17.

f) in comparisons and as metaphor:Summa paddnu 2-ma eli kima GIS.PANJaplu kima matni if there are two "paths"and the upper (looks) like a bow, thelower like a bowstring CT 20 3 K.3671+:23; 6umma padanu kzma GIS.PAN anaAN.TA iktapap (see kapdpu mng. 2) TCL6 5:17, cf. Summa paddnum [kima] qd-ad-tim YOS 10 11 i 5 (OB); uhmma A.NIGIN kzma GIS.PAN ana imitti/ umeli BRM4 13:6f.; if the cusps of the moon arekzma GIS.PAN ACh Supp. 2 Sin 6:7; notethe taut bow as metaphor for potency:aj i[riq]a [iSJpatu raj irmdl GI.PAN maythe quiver not be empty, may the bownot be slack Biggs Saziga 37 No. 18:3; mindema ... ina GIS.PAN ramiti igabbatumaperhaps they can catch him (Nabfl-bel-§umate) with lax bow (i.e., off guard)ABL 281 r. 9 (NB).

g) other occs. - 1' in adm.: 10 sin=ndtim 10 qa(!)-Sa-tim.HI.A a ekallim .. .likfudunim let ten lances and ten bowsfrom the palace (and other equipment)arrive here ARMT 13 56:5; 2 GIS.PAN(?)(followed by tilpdnu) ARM 7 243:2, cf. GIStijdar Sa GIS.PAN ArOr 17/1 329 (pl. 5)B 130:1 (Manri let.); 1 GI.PAN PN MDP 4 186No. 10:2 (= MDP 22 150); qa-d4-ti-Au-nu inaqdtiunu leqe A XII/99:15 (Susa let., courtesy

qaltu IgJ. Bott6ro); (various horse trappings,etc.) four hundred bronze arrows 13GI§.PAN.MES naphar ribbat tille narkabtiqdt PN 13 bows, total the balance duefrom the trappings for the chariot underthe responsibility of PN PBS 2/2 54:17(MB), cf. GIS.PAN (beside bronze arrowsand daggers) Iraq 11 141 (= 148) No. 11:10,cf. also (followed by addu in inv.) Sumer 9 34ff.No. 24 iii 2, BE 14 163:38 (all MB); 1 GIS.PANana PN LUJ.GIS.GIGIR one bow for PN, thecharioteer (beside arrows) WisemanAlalakh206:1, cf. ibid. 2ff., 17, 17 GIS.PAN 60 GI.HI.Aibid. 203:17, JCS 8 30 No. 429:1, 3,5; u lu tuwaJ:laruna unutufu 1 ikpatu qadu 30 GI.KAK.TAG.GA siparri 1 GIS.PAN Sa KUR Me-t[a][k]i release his equipment, (namely)one quiver with thirty bronze arrows, onebow of the GN type ZA 63 71:16 (Kamid el-Loz); [6] GIS.PAN u 3 GIR URUDU G 3 nam-qaruta EA 333:13; 2 GIB magarrima u GIB.PAN u 2 kuppaJianima BASOR 94 21 No. 2:9(Taanach let., coll. E. I. Gordon); 1 GI .PAN UKU igpatu MRS 12 162:5; LU.MES DIM f 1GIA.PAN ibid. 131:1 ff., cf. (ten arrows per bow)ibid. 133:1 ff.; 1 GIS.PAN uStu bit nakkamti

a GN HSS 13 354:1 and 4, cf. tuppu aBA.ZI Sa GIS.PAN [.. .] a dsib ekalli HSS15 37:1; §a PN 2 rGIS.PAN.MES1 la-ab-ku(text -BU) HSS 15 37:4, and passim, for otherrefs. see labku mng. 1; 10 qa-6a-du dam=qdtu ana qdt PN nadnu HSS 9 55:5, cf. (Iadopted fPN and) anajdSi 1 GIS.PAN ktmuqitija ittadna she gave me one bow as thepresent due me AASOR 16 15:12; 1 GI§.PAN emuqa PN ilqe PN took away onebow by force (listed among other be-longings, such as a bed, a sheep, etc.)ibid. 8:57; [x] GIS.PAN.MES itti PN halqat(followed by quivers with arrows) HSS 13195:1, cf. (beside ilpatu, q.v.) JEN 527:27, andpassim in Nuzi; GIS.PAN GUN URUDU.MESana Ninurta dlib Kalha uSelld ADD 310r. 5 (coll. S. Parpola); GIS tupninna a GIS.PAN.M[ES pitia] 1 GIS.PA Sgei[anima] 6Sebilani open (pl.) the chest with the bows,take out one . ... , (and) send it to meKAV 98:46 (MA); 1 GIS.PAN (in broken

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qatu 2acontext) ADD 1040 r. 1, 2 GI§.PAN.ME§6uqdi two bows of almond wood ADD978 ii 7, cf. ADD 693 r. 2, ADD 815+986 r. ii 4and 6; 3 GI§.PAN.ME§ k2 12 KOt.BABBAR(part of a royal grant) BBSt. No. 9 iii 19(NB); five and one half shekels of silverSi'm 5 GI§.PAN.ME§ (received by a bow-maker) GCCI 1 371:1, cf. (give the silver)ana GI§.PAN.ME YOS 3 170:11; twelve andone half shekels ana 6 GIA.PAN.ME§ UCP9 84 No. 9:4, cf. (beside 6ir'am) Nbn. 661:9;mmnamma GIA.PAN.ME§ ana belija uebilabelu ul wuebila BIN 1 3:19; 1-et GI§.PAN1-et GI§.GfR 4 AN.BAR azzami one bow,one dagger, four iron lances Nbk. 332:2,for other NB refs. see azmaru usage a-2';URU.PAN BE 14 110:2 (MB), for NB refs.see dlu mng. lc-2'.

2' in lit.: 6umma GI§.PAN nagzma GIB.PAN-8U ilebir Dream-book 329 r. ii 16, cf.CT 38 21:9; ilten etlu zumurlu kima ittealim .. . ina umeliu GI§.PAN nami ina

imni'u namgaru f$abit1 (in my dream Isaw) one man, his body was black likepitch, holding in his left hand a bow,in his right a sword ZA 43 17:50 (SB lit.),cf. ina imittiu hutpali nai ina 6umeliuGI.PAN U qane nali MIO 1 80 v 58 (descrip-tion of representations of demons); figurines ofthe Seven gods GIA.PAN.ME§ ipdati inaidi4unu fal-lal bows and quivers arehanging at their sides KAR 298:24, see Gur-ney, AAA 22 66; mamt GI§.PAN GIE.GIGIRGfR.AN.BAR U GI§.IGI.DU tam urpu VIII77, cf. mamit GI§.PAN U GI§.GIGIR ibid.III 27; obscure: GI9.PAN GI§.PAN ul-ta-ma-la 2R 47 r. v 59 (comm.); in transferredmng.: ultu LI.DUR GI§.PAN §a bdb bitDN adi kidd nari (see abunnatu mng. 2c)Unger Babylon 237:6, see Iraq 36 46:100.

2. archer- a) in OB: Saddagdim RA.GAB.ME§ Lj.PAN ana eqldtim ubutimatrudakkum last year I sent you therakb's of the archers to have them takepossession of fields TCL 7 11:3, cf. (alsoreceiving fields) aIR.Si.GA.ME§ Sa PAN

qatu 2bibid. 32:5 and 13, JCS 29 148 No. 8:17, cf. PNRA.GABA Lf.GI§.PAN TCL 11238:6.

b) in later texts - 1' sdb qaSti: itti ...1000 pithallija 6itmurti fdb GIS.PANkabdbi azmari (I set out) with a thousandimpetuous cavalrymen, with bowmen,shield bearers, and lancers TCL 3 320 (Sar.),cf. Lie Sar. p. 72:11, and passim in Sar.; LTO.ERIN.MEA GIS.PAN n#ii tukSi u azmare.. .. kisir larrutija uma'ir erumlun Isent against them archers, shield andlance bearers, my royal army OIP 2 61iv 69, see Borger Babylonisch-Assyrische Lese-stiicke 2 73f., cf. OIP 2 62 v 6 (Senn.); iduadi L.ERIN.ME GIE.PAN- a ina libbiuetiuma I had him and his archersman it (the fortress 8a-pi-Bel) BorgerEsarh. 53 iii 82, cf. ibid. 110 § 72:13; adu inaERIN.MES GIS.PAN ninampar ABL 617 r. 3(NB); ERIN.ME Sa GIA.PAN dikdni ki unuERIN.ME GIA.PAN la id-di-ku-ni mammaki jdnu umma la idekkd (see dekt mng.3a-1') ABL 1255 r. 3f.; barley ana kurum.mat LU.ERIN.ME§ §d GIS.PAN §a dullu inamuyhi qu-uq ipu5 as food provisions forthe archers who do work on the ....Nbn. 23:9, cf. Camb. 262:2f., Nbn. 753:20,Camb. 82:3, Dar. 4:9, wr. LU.ERfN GIS.PANDar. 6:4, wr. L.ERIN.ME§ a PAN VAS4 77:1; note referring to foreign troops,especially Elamite bowmen: Al a[di]4500 LI Elamaja ERfN.ME§ GI.PAN hewith 4,500 Elamites, bowmen (fled)Winckler Sar. pl. 24 No. 50:409, cf. ibid. pl. 33:82,Bauer Asb. 2 87 edge (, LU.ERfN.ME GI9.PAN.ME§ narkabdti sise Sa ar MeluhhaOIP 2 69:23, also 31 ii 79 (Senn.); note tup-pu ERIN.ME§ Sa GI§.[P]AN.ME (on edgeof Ugar. tablet) Syria 21 136, see M. Heltzer,The Rural Community in Ancient Ugarit 18 n. 2.

2' LU.(GI.)PAN: Urukaja arddni aarri . . . L1.GI.PAN 5 me 6 me ina qdtja

LO k agbatu when I had seized thepeople of Uruk, servants of the king, fiveor six hundred archers (I went with PNto Uruk) ABL 754:10, cf. Bel-ibni ...

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qatu 2bLT.GI§.PAN.M[E . . . it]tilu ultu mdtElamti ki [illik]uni ABL 267 r. 13, cf. [...]GI§.PAN.ME Aa Uruk ibid. obv. 14 (bothNB); 3 LY.PAN ABL 1009:10ff. and 21, but5 GIN.PAN ibid. r. 6ff. (NA); 6 L.GI§.PANina GN ina.pan PN Ltj aknu 5a Lt.PA.ME§ADD (815+)986 r. iii 5; naphar simmdani ax LU.PAN.ME§ (various weapons) thetotal equipment of the x archers TCL 12114:11; le~u §a LU.PAN.ME [] 5a LU.GALLU. SAG ina muhhi 6atratu the list on whichthe archers of the chief §a riei officialare inscribed YOS 6 116:8; napharma 39LO.PAN.ME ina pani PN grand total: 39archers under the supervision of PN YOS7 65:33, and passim in this text; naphar 29LU.GI§.PAN.ME aC LU.SIPA.ME §a qdt rabbilim a enu a total of 29 archers amongthe shepherds under the supervision ofthe overseer of flocks of sheep and goatsTCL 13 140:4, cf. TCL 12 110:2, 112:6; §a adiUD.20.KAM L(.PAN-U ana bit kddu laibbakuma anyone who does not bring oneof his archers to the outpost by thetwentieth day (commits a crime againstthe king) YOS 6 151:15, for other refs.see kddu mng. lb-2'; eight men LU.GAL.10.ME§ 5a 70 LU.PAN.ME§ a re YOS6 151:9; PN 5a muhhi LUJ.PAN.ME§ 5a r? e§a itti 5arri YOS 7 7 iv 142, for parallelssee qatu in rab qa ti; note in Hitt.: LU.ME§ GI§.[PAN] Friedrich Gesetze I § 54:16.

3' GIS.PAN: 350 GI§ arit 240 GI§.PANnaphar 590 §a illikuninni (entire text)ADD 856:2; ina 5allat mdtdte Adtina 5aaoiula 10000 GI§.PAN 10000 aritu inalibbilunu akqurma from the prisonersfrom those lands whom I took, I organizedten thousand bowmen (and) ten thousandshield carriers into units OIP 2 60:59 (Senn.),also 63 v 16, cf. 30500 GI§.PAN.ME 30500artu ina libbiunu ak.urma ibid. 76:103,cf. also ana GI§.PAN akurSunuti StreckAsb. 62 vii 79; ERIN.ME§ 20 ina libbiunumuhuu u andklu GIS.PAN 600 5a rehetuu s~sd 50 ina qdtja ki agbatu ina GNattaliz twenty of the men were wounded,

qatu 3and when I had captured the six hundredarchers who remained, and fifty horses, Itook up quarters in GN ABL 520 r. 10,cf. 4 me GIS.PAN (see manditu mng. lb)ABL 1000 r. 5; GI§.PAN-ka ... dekema ABL291:20, for other refs. see deku v. mng.3a-1', and dekl; GI§.PAN.ME ga LU Pusqudu ittalliku ana muhhi GN itb4 thearchers of the Puqiidu left to marchagainst the town of GN ABL 1028 r. 4; PN... u GIS.PAN 5a Nippur gabbi ittiu inama4arti aAr arru ipqidulu uuzzu PNandthe bowmen of all Nippur with him servewhere the king appointed him ABL 797:17;GIg.PAN a arri ul nuzekki we did notrelease (and dedicate to the god) theking's archers ABL 210 r. 3 (all NB); notereferring to foreign archers: ana dl dan:nutiSu GI§.PAN-Au danniti ummdndteurapdte u mdtA rime ittikilma (see dannutumng. 3b) KAH 2 84:50 (Adn. II); GI§.PANina mat Elamti uptahhir PRT 105 r. 7; [...]babban mddi5 andku GIA.PAN-a-nu madi5[andku] I (Darius) am a fine [charioteer],I am a (fine) archer Borger apud Hinz AFF59 § 8h:26 (DNb).

3. (a constellation or star): GIA.PANittaliq Ai lu mdrti imbima §a GI§.PAN kzam§umea . .. alu Suma MUL.PAN ina ameu dpi (Anu) kissed the bow (and de-clared), "Let it be my daughter," he gavethe bow names as (follows) - its thirdname is Bow star, he made it appear inthe sky En. el. VI 90; rabutum ilz multim... qd-a5-tum ngrum §itaddarum mulhu§=Sum the great gods of the night, the Bowstar, the Yoke star, Orion, the Dragon starZA 43 306:17, parallel qd-al-tum elamdtumzappu itaddaru mu6hulum RA 32 182:17(OB lit.); ina arah A bi arah nanmurti MUL.PAN Streck Asb. 190:7, cf. ibid. 198 iii 11, 72ix 9; (in summer and winter) 5a qa-a-tu6ukuddu <ina> Aeri hldti u[5tabarrd] ni=pifhun when the Bow star and Siriusshine in the morning and in the eveningrespectively TCL 3 + KAH 2 141:100 (Sar.);MUL.PAN MUL Dilbat ina ITI.NE Bow star

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qagtu 4ais (the name of) Venus in the fifth monthLBAT 1564:3, cf. MUL.PAN MUL Itar NIM.MA.K[I] Sm. 1492 r. 1, inaITI.NE MUL.PANIStar NIM.MA.KI Sm. 1150:1; MUL.MULMUL.PAN MUL.KAK.SI.SA $albatdnuNarudu lipturu may the Pleiades, theBow star, Sirius, Mars, Narudu giverelease Aurpu II 182; you sacrifice a kid[ana IG]I MUL.PAN (against HUL GI§.PAN)Or. NS 39 116:4 and dupl. LKA 113:6 (namburbi).

4. bow fief, i.e., land granted by theking to which originally was attached theobligation to outfit an archer - a) in NA:A.A GIA.PAN-§U §E.IN.[NU.ME§] §E.PAD.ME zaku his bow field is exempt from(taxes on) straw and barley ABL 201:6,see Postgate Taxation 263.

b) in NB - 1' in gen.: SE.NUMUNE.GOI.PAN ... zittU §a 1-et GI§.PAN Saina GN 1-en GI§.PAN §a akkulldtu Sa GN21-et GI§.PAN a ina GN3 land belongingto the bow fief, the share of one bow whichis in GN, one bow of the akkulldtu-typeland from GN 2, one bow which is in GN 3Camb. 85:6f.; the rent for the fields SaGI§.PAN SaPN u bel [qaSdtiu] (for parallelssee qatu in bit qati A) BE 9 8:2, andpassim in the Muralu texts, cf. TuM 2-3 186:3and 191:3; note five individuals' GI§.PANadded up as naphar 5 E.GI§.PAN BE 982:3ff., with four further E.GI§.PAN andmi[il GI§.PAN added up as nine and onehalf GI§.PAN ibid. 10; silver, (representing)the complete ilku duties received by PN§a ina muhhi GI§.PAN eSetu BE 10 115:13,for other occs. see ilku A mng. 3g, andCardascia MuragS 8 n. 7; note, wr. PAN aPN TuM 2-3 242:1, 4, and 6, cf. PN a mi4ilPAN ibid. x+3 (all Achaem.); sale ofprebendalincome gabbi fa ikka idu ana 1-et-tumqa-al-tum Sa 6iJu mat i a itti UrukajaEN.ME§ qa-Sd-a-td a abul Adad . . . umimma gabbi Sa ana isqi 6udtu ikkaSliduSa itti ahhi~unu u bele zittiunu gabbi allthat is attached to the five sixths of oneq. which (they hold?) with the men fromUruk, the co-owners of their q., from the

qaltu 4bAdad Gate (district), and whateverpertains to this prebend which (they hold)with their colleagues and with their co-parceners TCL 13 242:6, cf. (in similar con-text) ana 1-et qa-dS-tum ina UD.13.KAM

a arhussu BRM 2 29:5, also ibid. 22 (bothSel.).

2' referring to payments and servicesdue from such land or its occupants:telt ana muhhi GI .PAN-Si-nu uFSeli' udab-larriSunu uzzizzuma they brought the

tax (levied) on their bow and put up theroyal soldier (tax) (that was required of)them Camb. 13:6 (earliest occ.), cf. (silver)kumu kutallutu a MU.16.KAM . . . anamuhhi GI§.PAN a PN (see kutallutu) Dar.430:4; kaspu . . . qme... idz u viditu Sa2 Li.ERIN.LUGAL a MU.4.KAM Sa inamuhhi GI§.PAN.ME§ Adtina silver, flour,the wages and provisions for two royalsoldiers (levied) for year 4 on those bowfiefs TuM 2-3 183:12, cf. ibid. 2; kaspu.. .utfatu u qeme... .ikaru ret . . . immeruilki gamrutu db-6arri qeme Sa 6arri bdra umimma naddndtu a bit Sarri ... . a inamuhhi zeri zaqpu u pi ulpu GI§.PAN §aPN u Lt.EN.ME GI§.PAN-i silver, barleyand flour, first-quality beer, sheep, thecomplete ilku obligation, the royal soldier(tax), the bdru tax, and any (other) presta-tions to the royal estate (levied) on theland, whether date orchard or grain field,the bow fief of PN and his co-feudatoriesTuM 2-3 184:5, cf. ibid. 180:2, 187:3, 188:3 and9, 189:3, and passim in the Muradt texts besideor replacing bit qati, see ilku A mng. 3g;zeru zaqpi u pz ulpu a GI§.PAN.ME§ USuzsza'e[ti] u pa'e gti u riihti eqleti §a bit mal=kandtija u bit rittija the field, date orchardor grain field, from the bow (fiefs),whether released from feudal obligationor not, and the rest of the fields that Ihave pledged or that belong to my rittuholding BE 9 60:5; (receipt for) urdSuSa ladddu a kdri a zebelu Sa upidtu . . .u pa-na-<at> GI§.PAN MU.32.KAM theurdlu payment for towing (?) in (?) the har-

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qa tu

bor and for the delivery of the upidtutax and the preferential share (?) of the q.for the 32nd year (of Darius) VAS 6 160:7,also TuM 2-3 220:2, cf. u mimma pandt PANgabbi ibid. 221:9, cf. 18-ta GI§.PAN uSuz=gajztu [...] hadri a kerkaja ... a qdtPN 2 rab k[dri] PN2 ana Saddda Sa 2-ta GIA.[MA(?) . . .] VAS 6 302:1; two and onehalf minas (of silver) a GIS.PAN a PN(among various large items of silver) ibid.194:7; eight shekels of silver PN ina GIB.PAN Sa PN2 ana muhhi PN 3 ittadin Dar.199:3; kaspu Sa dzsi a GI§.PAN (paid inadvance for three years) (see dik.u s.mng. 1) VAS 4 96:1 (Dar.), cf. kaspi aPAN ibid. 11; miSil GIA.PAN [.. .] Sa er=reSe u nukaribbe a ina muhhi PN PN2 anax x Garri ana LU. X. PAN a Ebabbar inandinput SUR su-ur x a GI§.PAN mala zitti1 GI.PAN-r i1 ... PN2 naSi PN2 (thetenant) will deliver to the .... of theking, to the chief(?) of the archers ofEbabbar, half of the archers(' service?)of the farmers and gardeners that is leviedon PN (the lessor), PN2 guarantees thepayment of.... of the archers(' service?)in proportion to his(?) share of one bowfief BRM 1 101:24ff. (Dar.), cf. x (barley?)re'e erreSe u nukaribbe a GI§.PAN Nbk.220:2.

A possible reading of LU.PAN as a qaStiis suggested by OB Lu A 453, in lex. sec-tion; the writing LO.PAN-U YOS 6 151:15,on the other hand, points to a readingqaSat-su. For Nuzi refs. see qaStu in SaqaSti.

Ad mng. 2: Manitius, ZA 24 127ff.; KimmelFamilie 50 ff.

qaltu in bl qati (bel *qalti) s.; holderof a bow fief; NB; pl. bel(e) qaddtu; wr.EN (GI§.)PAN; cf. qaStu.

We will rent you zeru zaqpu u pz ulpu... [a i] GI9.PAN-in-ni u a EN GI§.PAN.ME"-in-ni the field, date orchard orgrain field, which is our bow fief and(that of) the co-holders of our bow fief

qaltu

BE 10 53:6, cf. ibid. 11, also .GIS.PAN aPN PN2 .. .. ana mala zittiiunu a itti LU.EN.ME§ PAN-SA-nu the bow fief of PN,PN2 (and others) according to their sharewhich (they hold) in common with theirfeudal partners BE 910:4, also LU.EN PAN-ti-di-nu ahi mala zitti4unu UET 4 41:9,cf. ibid. 106:6, LU.EN.ME PAN-ku-nU ibid.194:13, and passim, see zittu mng. 2e-1'b';note a itti Urukaja EN.ME§ qa-Sd-a-tdTCL 13 242:7; (obligation to deliver theroyal tax) [ina muhhi] zeri zaqpu u piulpu ].GI9.PAN §aPN [uPN2] uLU.EN.ME

GI§.PAN.ME§-g2i-nu PBS 2/1 29:4, and passimin the Murasu texts, see Cardascia Murasu p. 29and n. 5, also TuM 2-3 124:3, 183:3 and 12,184:5f., etc., 188:4, 189:3f., etc., BRM 1 83:3,VAS 6 188:11, wr. LU.EN.[ME E].GI9.PAN.ME§-2i BE 10 35:3, note referring to asingle feudal partner: PN LU.EN GI§.PAN-Si TuM 2-3 142:5, BE 9 18:2, (as witnesses)VAS 6 188:23 and 24.

qagtu in bit qagti A (bit *qalti) s.; bowfief, i.e., land granted by the king (lit.bow property) to which originally wasattached the obligation to outfit anarcher; NB, LB; pl. bit qadtu; wr. syll.and E.GI.PAN, I.LU.PAN; of. qaltu.

1 qa-6d-a-tu a Gumatu ... ikimuuznutu the bow fiefs that Gaumata tookaway from them VAB 3 21 § 14:26 (Dar.),see von Voigtlander Bisitun p. 17; rent of§E.NUMUN.ME§ a LU pa'ietu a LU Nipspuru bit rittilu a ina GN elat §E.NUMUN.ME E. GI§.PAN.ME~ a ina libbi u elat§E.NUMUN.ME§ bit ritti a PN the fields(among the properties) of the men ofNippur which are released from feudalobligations, his rittu fief which is in GN,not including the fields which are bowfiefs which are in it and not includingthe fields which are the rittu fiefs of PNTuM 2-3 145:3, cf. bit rittika u bzt malkandtika a ina libbi elat 2.GIE.PAN.ME -kaPBS 2/1 62:5, also (beside bit ritti) BE 9 30:3,86a:3 ff.; the crop from the fields a bit s is

.GI§.PAN.ME§ of the horse fief and the

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qa§tu

bow fiefs TuM 2-3 181:l1; E.NUMUN majaridi(text ki) -ku-u-tu a ina E.GI.PAN Sa PNDar. 307:1; zeru zaqpi E gapan 0.GIS.GI IMMAR I.GIS.PAN nidintu Sarri ma=hiri kaspi a plot of land, planted withtrees, fruit trees, or date palms, (be it) abow fief granted by the king or boughtBE 9 99:1; give us water ana zeri E.LU.PAN-ni ... nildudu and we will channelit into the field which is our bow fiefBE 9 7:8; [E].GI§.PAN (rented) BE 8/1122:2, 128:1, and passim, wr. E.LU. PAN ibid.125:2, BRM 1 83:1, TuM 2-3 146:3, UET 4 41:3and 4, 42:3 and 5, <E(.LU.PAN BE 9 63:2;E.LU.PAN Sa PN u kutalldtu (see kutallumng. 6) UET 4 60:1, see also kinattumng. 2g-2', qatu in bel qati; A.§A .GI .PAN-S ... makanu the field that is hisbow fief is the pledge BE 8/1 151:33, andpassim in Murasu texts, see Augapfel p. 103 s.v.,pl. E.GI§.PAN.ME§ BE 9 28:3, 72:1, PBS 2/162:5, 107:6, TuM 2-3 179:3; note the earliestOcc.: zeru E.GIS.PAN Camb. 85:1, Cf. zeru

§a DN a DN 2 a Sarri u Sa LU.PAN malaina libbi qabtu YOS 7 156:9 (Camb. year 3).

In view of the parallel terms for landgrants in texts of the Achaemenid periodbit sist and bit narkabti, the bit qaitiseems to have been granted with the re-quirement that its tenant outfit andsupply an archer for the Achaemenidarmy. However, texts in which the termoccurs refer less frequently to specificmilitary obligations than to other regularencumbrances, including both paymentsand service; see qaAtu mng. 4b.

Eilers, OLZ 1934 95; Dandamayev, FestschriftEilers 37 ff.; Cardascia, Recueils de la Soci6t6 JeanBodin 1, 2nd ed., 55ff.

qagtu in bit qalti B (bit qalti) s.; bow-case; MB*; wr. ].GI§.PAN; of. qatu.

git.6.pan = B MIN (= qdl-tu), um-mu, igpatuHh. VIIA 49ff.; TaOG. .GI.PAN Practical Vocabu-lary Assur 290; l[ii.gi§.6.pan] = [a bi-i]t(?)qd-al-tim OB Lu A 455.

1 A.GIA.PAN ir-pu PBS 2/2 54:11 (MB).

qaltu

In Hg. A II 162, in MSL 7 150 read [kuA.lu. ib].pan = ni-pi-tum = fxrl-hu-ti(coll. C. B. F.Walker). In MSL 7 127 (= Hh. XI) 101 readku..6.ul.lu.lu = bi-ti ul-lu-lu, see MSL 9 198.

qaltu in rab qati s.; chief of the archers;SB, NB; wr. LU.GAL.GI§.PAN (LU.GAL.PAN VAS 6 155:3); cf. qagtu.

a) in hist. (Asb. only, referring toElamites): I took to Assyria from Elamqpdni hazanndti 5a dldni 6dtunu malaakudu LJU.GAL.GI§.PAN.ME§ Iaknutimukil appdti taglI4dni §a pithalli Sdbi qa4ti(see appatu A in mukci appti) Streck Asb.56 vi 86; PN bel dli GN PN 2 bel dli GN 2 PN3LU. GAL. GIS.PAN PN4 dlikpani ummdndti 5aElamti Zazaz, ruler of Pillate, Pari, rulerof Hilmu, Attametu, the chief of thearchers, Neiu, the general of Elam Piep-korn Asb. 76 vii 17; I captured ImbappiGAL.GI§.PAN (var. qipu a) Bit-Imbi hatdnRN ar Elamti Imbappi, the chief of thearchers (var. the official) ofGN, son-in-lawof Humban-haltag, the king ofElam StreckAsb. 42 v 1 var.; Te'umman LU.GAL.GI.PAN§a GN AfO 8 198:24 (epigraph to Asb. reliefs).

b) in NB: 3 MA.NA kaspu ultu irbi §abdbi ina hindi U al MU.5.KAM ana SadunuLU.GAL.GI§.PAN nadin three minas ofsilver from the offerings at the gate, in amoneybag, for year 5, given to PN, thechief of the archers Nbn. 215:2, cf. xkaspu (<adi ana Sadunu LOJ.GAL.GI§.PANU LUT.ERIN.ME-tc aana kurummdti a [.. .]nadin Nbn. 288:11; x kaspu irbi ana 5saqqta ana adunu Lru.GAL.OGI.P[AN] SaLU.SIPA.[X].ME§ nadin x silver from theofferings, for five sacks, given to PN, thechief of the archers of the shepherds82-7-14,1467:4; LO.GAL.10.ME§ a 70 LU.PAN.ME§ a re'i a DN ... LU.PAN.ME§a 70 ideckkma ... ana PN L.GAL.PAN.ME inandinu the leaders-of-ten ofseventy archers of the shepherds of DNwill muster those seventy archers andturn them over to PN, the chief of thearchers YOS 6 151:14; Sa[dunu] L(T.GAL.GI§.PAN Ebabbar 82-7-14,1373:3, (referring to

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qaltuthe same person) 82-7-14,43:3, 82-7-14,1794:7,Nbn. 228:13; x MA.NA kaspu irbi a babiultu quppu ana A rad-A nunitu Lt. GAL. GI.PAN nadin x minas of silver, offeringsfrom the gate, from the cash box, givento PN, the chief of the archers Nbn. 1058:4,cf. 4 MA.NA Arad-Anunitu LU.GAL.GI .PAN U ERIN.MEA nadin 82-7-14,1630:5;x kaspu ... Sa PN ina muhhi LU.GAL.PAN§a bzt narkabti a PN3 qzpi Ezida x silverof PN's owed by PN2, the chief of thearchers of the chariot fief of PN3, officialof Ezida VAS 6 155:3 (reign of Dar. I), cf.[kas]pu Sa ana dullu LUGAL ... ana muhhibit narkabti Sa qzpi Ezida nadnu (the debtoriginates) as money paid for royalservice incumbent on the chariot fief ofthe official of Ezida ibid. 6-8; X KUT.BABBAR. . .put zitti Sa PN ... PN2 L(J.GAL.GI.PANSa PN ina qdte PN3 ummu a PN mahirPN2, the chief of the archers of PN, receivedfrom fPN3, the mother of PN, x silver, theportion to which PN holds title (for ser-vice(?) in Elam) VAS 4 126:6 (reign of Dar. I).

The passages in texts of Asb. appar-ently refer to high-ranking political andmilitary functionaries. The majority of NBpassages, from the reign of Nbn., refer toa commander of police or guards in thetemple service. The two references fromthe reign of Darius I (VAS 6 155:3 andVAS 4 126:6) apparently designate personsdischarging military service obligationswhich are incumbent on properties in thecategory bit qalti, see qaStu in bit qaStiA and qaStu mng. 4, to which otherindividuals hold title.

qaltu in Aa qati s.; (a class of persons);Nuzi; wr. Lt (ia) GIS.PAN; cf. qa4tu.

LU.ME§ Sa GI§.PAN ana e-se-<ri> iterSuu PN Sa GIS.PAN a4ar PN2 LJT.ME§ Sa GIS.PAN teri u PN ana Sa GIA.PAN iddin uetesir u umma PN2 -ma PN ana Sa GI.PANana PN3 la addin I (?) requested that the"men of the bow" be confined, and PN isa "man of the bow," and the "men of the

qslubow" requested him from PN2, and hehanded PN over to the "(men) of the bow"and confined (him) - PN2 declared: I didnot hand over PN to PN3 to (be) a "(man)of the bow" HSS 9 11:14ff., cf. ibid. 23;(list of tenants from GN) 2 LU.ME§ GIS.PAN Sa PN .. . 3 L<J.ME GIS.PAN Sa PNRA 28 38 No. 6:5 and 7ff.; x barley ana Lt.ME GIS.PAN U ana L1Y.ME§ dlik ,eri HSS15 264:18; 3 LU.MES Sa GI§.PAN a P[N?]HSS 15 22:2, cf. ibid. 13ff.

q& u (qidSu) v.; 1. to deed, make adonation, to make a land grant, to make agift (of silver or goods) with the under-standing of receiving something of equiv-alent value, to make a votive offering,dedicate, to give a present, 2. to bestowhealth, good fortune, etc., to grant wis-dom, power, riches, etc., to grant progeny,3. II to bestow many gifts, 4. II/2 tobe dedicated (passive to mng. 1); fromOAkk. on; I iqi - iqdS (OB, Ass. iqia4),pl. iqilu - qi~, 1/2, I/3 (lex. only), II,II/2; wr. syll. and BA, NfG.BA; cf. qajau,qitu, q u adj.

ba-a BA = qa-a-Iu Ea II 303, also Sb I 219;[BA] = qi-a-hum MSL 9 135:574 (Proto-Aa); ba =qa-u, nig.ba = qiM-tu Nabnitu J 67f.; u.bar.zi, Au.ba, sag.ki.Au = qa-a-u Nabnitu J150-152; fIR1 = qi-a-6um MSL 9 130:333 (Proto-Aa).

in.na.an.ba = i-qi-i Hh. I 6; [ma.an.ba] =ril-qi- a Izi H 160; [in].ba = i-qi-i, [in.ba].eA = i-qi-Su, [in.na.a]n.ba = i-qi-is-su, [in.na.a]n.ba.e = u-qa-a8-su (all followed by therespective forms of zdzu and nafdru) Ai. I i 29,32, 35, 38; i.ba = i-qi-iJ, i.ba.ba = iq-ta-ni-iS,a. ba = iq-ti-il Silbenvokabular A 42 ff., see StudiesLandsberger 23 and 25.

[egi] dInanna.kex(IKD) an e.ra.an.ba.ginx(GIM) ki in.Du.gi.d [a ... ] : [rub]dtu Itarkima Aamu qi-i-ki er$[etu qifatki] 0 princessIitar, just as heaven is given to you as a gift,so is the earth [given to you] BiOr 9 89:3 (Exalta-tion of ITtar); [ki.fr.ra am] as.ki.ag.ga.a(var.omits .a).ni.§e nig.ba.ah ga.an(var. omits.an).na.an.ba : [.iU].tr maStak nardmija anaqif-ti lu-qi-is-si I will give her as a present theKiur, my (Sum. for her) favorite private quartersSTT 151 r. 13f., see JNES 26 203:37; Au.barSi.bi ak.a.ab Si.bi ba.mu.u[n.na.ab] : qi-is-

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qg&usu napilta4u qi-is-su napil[tabu] grant him his life,grant him his life OECT 6 pl. 2 K.4664:12f.;see also q 4tu A lex. section.

qd-a-§u = na-da-nu Malku IV 188; qa-mu-u,qa(var. qi)-a-au, qa-a-du, qi-a-du = id-fral-[pu]LTBA 2 147ff., var. from dupl. ibid. 3 iii 1ff., var.qi-a-ii = id-r[a-ku?] CT 18 24 K.4219 ii 13.

qa-a-ii // [na-da-nul (comm. on qajau, q.v.)Lambert BWL 80 comm. to line 196 (TheodicyComm.).

1. to deed, make a donation, to make aland grant, to make a gift (of silver orgoods) with the understanding of re-ceiving something of equivalent value, tomake a votive offering, dedicate, to give apresent - a) to deed, make a donation: 1SAG.GME .... PN anaPN2 DAM.A.NI i-qi-i-i§ PN gave one slave girl to PN2, his wife(to bear him children) VAS 8 15:4 (OB);andku ina fibija ina GN akkali ul belZ anaPN i-qi-6a-an-ni I stayed in GN of my ownfree will, it was not my lord who gave meto PN A 165 (unpub. Mari let., cited ARMT 14262); manahti igdrim a PN ipulu anaPN2 i-qi-i4 PN deeded the improvementswhich he had invested in the (party) wallto PN2 (i.e., renounced compensation duehim) TCL 1 87:13 (tablet) = 88:10 (case, OB);A.SA ... PN ana PN2 aSatiu i-qi-i4 i-di-i-8i PN transferred a field (and otherproperty) to PN2, his wife, by a deedMDP 22 131:10, cf. [iddin]ma iqi4 MDP 23284:13, MDP 24 376:12, mahar 6 6ibiti i-di-in u i-qi-i[4] MDP 24 375a r. 12, i-di-il-iu i-qi-i4-6i ibid. 382bis:21, i-di-i6-Si-in ui-qi-il-s8 ibid. 378:7 and r. 3, id-di-i4-i ui-qi-iS- i ibid. 379:6, i-di-6i-[i]m i-qi-iS-[8]i-im ibid. 380:8; na-di-i-i qi-i6-6i it isgiven to her by a deed ibid. 379:9 and38, qi-i4-8 na-di-u-u(?) ibid. 376:23, notethe writing NfG.BA U ta-di-in MDP 28 404I 5, 20, dupl. II 5 and 20; [kzma] abu anamari i-qi-Au just as a father deeds to ason MDP 22 79:7; PN aia ugbabuitim terubmaPN2 PN3 i-qi-il-i inanna PN ana PN4 ...PN ta-qi-iS when PN became an ugbabtu,PN2 deeded PN3 to her, now PN has deededPN3 to PN4 MDP 28 400:6 and 13, cf. MDP 23200:34, 36, and 38.

q&Aub) to make a land grant: PN sukkal

Elamtim ... ana PN2 u PN3 ... inunmaitu GN adi GN 2 ... i-qi-is-8s-nu-i-FimlPN, the sukkallu of Elam, granted a privi-lege to PN2 and PN3 and gave them (theland) from GN to GN 2 VAS 7 67:10 (OB Elam).

c) to make a gift (of silver or goods)with the understanding of receiving some-thing of equivalent value: kim isqi atituPN NIG.BA ana PN2 iq-ti-i PN gave (xsilver) as a present to PN2 for the door-keeper's prebend VAS 5 37:17 (NB); fPNsaid to PN2 zera 4a ina qat PN3 malkanuQabtdta NIG.BA qi-4a-an-ni-ma ummi A. A.ME luddakkamma zeru udti panika lidgulPN 2 10 GfN KU.BABBAR NIG.BA ana 'PNi-qi-i4 fPN ummi A.§A.MEA ana PN2 taddin"Concerning my field that you took aspledge from PN3, give me a gift and I willgive you the .... of the fields and thisfield may (then) be at your disposal,"PN2 gave ten shekels of silver to PN as agift (and) she gave the .... of the fieldsto PN2 Cyr. 337:11 and 15, cf. (in similarcontext) 10 GfN KU.BABBAR [NfG].BA...[i] q-ti-iS BE 8/1 35:10, see Petschow Pfand-recht 141 n. 428; 6 GfN KU.BABBAR NfG.BA

. i-qi§ Dar. 287:11.

d) to make a votive offering, dedicate- 1' persons: PN Sa ana DN 6arrumi-qi(text -di) -u PN whom the king de-dicated to DN VAS 13 36:5; PN is thedaughter of PN2 PN2 ... ana DN i-qi-is-siellet PN2 dedicated her to Igtar, she isfree TCL 1 66:3 (tablet), = 67:3 (case), cf.(in similar context, two persons) anaSamal u Aja (<i-qi-si i-qi-6a-a-4i TCL 168:5f.

2' votive objects: [a]na DN ... [an]abaldkfiu [i]-qi-iS (wr. on a vase) Bab. 4248 (pl. 5) 8, cf. CT 32 9 BM 10248:9 (OB); anaMarduk. . . ana bald[t] napSatPN. .. liianpal[ti] ... i-qi-[iJ] (on an ax) RA 1491:12 (MB), also MDP 4 pi. 18 No. 2:5, (on abronze dagger) Iranica Antiqua 2 153 (pl. 14) No.7:4, wr. BA-eS ibid. 160 (pl. 26) No. 16:2

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(NA), Thureau-Dangin Til Barsib p. 157:5,MAOG 3/1-2 32:5, wr. BA ibid. 14:4; anabaldtiu u §aldm bztilu i-qi-i§ WVDOG 58p. 129:4, cf. also KAH 2 138:5 (all NA), [anaurruk UD].ME-~i BA-eS Delaporte CatalogueLouvre 2 A 829 r. 2 (eyestone, NB), cf. VAS 1 61:7;ana baldt napidtija ardk imja 6um'ud6andtija ulum zerija mdtija NIG.BA (on analtar) AKA 160:4, cf. (on a mace), wr. BACT 33 50 K.10411:3 (both Asn.), also 1R 35 No.2:12 (Adn. III), wr. a-qil WO 1 264 No. 21:3(Shalm. III); DNlugal.a.ni.ir RNin.na.ba Kurigalzu dedicated (this object) toNinurta, his lord RA 63 67 AO 22497:4, cf.ibid. AO 11206:4, cf. [a]-n[a] D[INGIR] GALDN beliu RN i-qi Weissbach Misc. No. 2:5,see ZA 59 101 (Meliiipak), also AOB 1 140 No.7:8 (Shalm. I), also, wr. BA-e RA 22 87:4(Sar.); [ana] Adad . . . Kurigalzu ana ba=ltdfiu i-qi-il RA 63 67 AO 21306:6, also LimetSceaux Cassites 12.1:6, also, wr. BA KAH 131:5, 33:3 (both gamgi-Adad V), 35:4, 36:3 (Adn.III), VAB 4 202 No. 38a-d, BRM 4 48 (Nbk.);ana Marduk belidu Bel-zpuS ana baldf nap=.Sdti DU-us-ma BA-eA (inscribed on a macehead) ZA 12 257 No. 1:3 (= Jacobsen Copen-hagen 77), cf. No. 2:3; ana DN... UR.GI 7 . . .Dr-ma BA I made (this) dog (of clay)for Gula and presented (it to her) ScheilSippar p. 92:2 (MB), cf. NA.BI UR.GI 7 huradiDfJ-ma ana dME.ME BA-d Kocher BAM 315iii 40.

3' other property: a field (describedin detail) ana urruk im u aldm ziriuu almi atalluki mahar §arriu ana UQur-amassa ... i-qi-i(text -ka) he dedicatedto DN for lasting days, the well-being ofhis offspring, and to live safely in thepresence of his king RA 19 86:12 (= RA 16123, NB); (a future king) ana amat DN ...liplah likkudma atril li-qis-su should fearand respect the command of Nan& andmake even larger grants VAS 1 36 iv 19;(precious objects) ana sama . .. u Aja. . . lu a-qi-i6 CT 32 4 xi 14 and 34 (NB Cruc.Mon. Manittulu), cf. AKA 44 ii 60, 59 iv 6 (Tigl. I),wr. NIG.BA AKA 374 iii 92, cf. a-qi-su-nu-ti

q&au

(in similar context) Iraq 14 34:68 (both Asn.);dlu 6i ana A§ur belija a-qi-su this city(of Calah) I presented to A9Sur, my lordIraq 14 33:40 (Asn.), cf. MAOG 6/1-2 12:12(Broken Obelisk); 25 ildniSunu [. . . an] aildni §a dlija AIur u iStardti §a mdtijaa-qi6(var. -qi-i4) namkii[rlunu] ana Adadbelija aS-ru-uk [.. .] their 25 gods, I gave[their . . .] as a present to the gods ofmy city Assur and to the goddesses of mycountry, their property I presented to mylord Adad AKA 117:6, dupl. AfD 18 360:24(Tigl. I), cf. ildnisunu ki qi(var. qis)-s[u-te] ana ASur . . NIG.BA (var. lu a-qid)KAH 2 83:17 (Adn. II), vars. from AfO 3 158r. 13 (Aggur-dan II); upi ma agurra anaepeS Ezida ... ana baldt napiltija BA-eSI had baked bricks made and dedicated(them) for the building of Ezida for myown good health Streck Asb. 380:7 (Aggur-etel-ilani); I rebuilt the temple of A§Aurana baldtija ulum zerija u Saldm mdtAgMur... a-qi (and) dedicated (it to Ag4ur)for my health, the well-being of my off-spring, and the security of Assyria AOB 1140 No. 6:11 (Shalm. I), cf. ana Samal ...Tukulti-Mer 6ar Hana ... a-n[a x] xmdtilu u nadr baldfiu i-qi-ii Syria 5 279ii 3, cf. Iraq 24 94:36, iq-i-di (in brokencontext) STT 43:64, see AnSt 11 152 (bothShalm. III), cf. also i-qiS KAH 2 79:7 (Samgi-Adad IV), lu a-qi-i§ VAB 4 242:15 (Nbn.);the queen had a pectoral of red gold madeana bald napdti }a RN ... u dJa anabaladfia kunnu pale&a gulmia talkunmaBA-eS and presented (it to Belet Ninua)for the health of Esarhaddon (her son),and for her own health, for the stabilityof her reign, (and) for her well-beingADD 645 r. 8, also ibid. 644:8, see Streck Asb.394; ana pigSat iliu DN i-qiS he pre-sented (the horns filled with oil) as oint-ment for his god Lugalbanda Gilg. VI 174.

e) to give a present - 1' in letters:[.. .] ana PN PN2 ... a-qi-iS-su4 -ni-si-imI gave [...] as a gift to PN (and) PN2MDP 14 114 No. 78:3, cf. i-qi-if ibid. 5 (OAkk.

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let.), [a]-na PN i-qf-ig MDP 14 93 No. 44:3(OAkk. leg.); I gave you fleecy(?) hides,you said ana rubd'im a-qi-dd I will give(them) as presents to the ruler CCT 4lb:8; tusalliamma ... 20 TOJG kutdn a-qi-a-kum (I did not promise it but) youbegged me and so I made you a presentof twenty kutdnu textiles CCT 3 6b: 10;(seize at least one talent of silver) kima§a atta ta-qi-§a-ni libbi haddi make meas happy as if you had given (it) to meas a present HUCA 39 31 L29-573:28, cf.ki-ma §a ta-qi-a (!) -< u> -ni (end of text)Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappadociennes18:25; kasap awilim ana naruqqim mimmala tana i u Summa i-qi-§u-ni mimma latalaqqe do not invest any of the man'ssilver in the business funds, and even ifthey give it as a gift, do not accept it!HUCA 39 24 L29-568:15; 1 GfN PN 1 GfNPN2 ... mimma annim ana amtija i-qi-§uone shekel PN, one shekel PN2 (and otherpersons), all this they presented (?) to myslave girl TCL 20 179:20 (all OA); (this seal)RN iSak GN ana Bilalama DUMU.NI-§Ui-qi4 -ig OIP 43 145 No. 12:8 (OB seal); anaarrim ... qubdtam a kima [lu]buStika

a-qi-i-ma I presented to the king agarment that is as (fine as) your ownattire ARM 10 39:31; Sa PN i-qi-4a-an-ni-a-6i-im whatever PN presented to usTLB 4 2:20; amtum §a PN andk[u] belti i-qi-ia-an-ni I am PN's slave girl, my (former)mistress gave me (to him) as a gift KrausAbB 1 27:19, cf. [x G]UD.HI.A a irihu attata-qi-Ma-am TLB 4 22:21; GIg.MA anntamatta qi-a-Sum ta-qi-6a-am this boat youdid indeed grant me TLB 4 27:30; Summaana ajzmmaki'am ta-aq-ti-i-s8i andakuminam aqab[bi] if you should present it(the field) to anyone else, what could Isay? TCL 18 85:12, cf. lillikamma li-qi-iSTIM 2 110:12 (all OB).

2' in lit.: gikil akalu iqi kuru[nn]uerigti qi-i-6i give food to eat, beer todrink, grant what is asked Lambert BWL102:62; inbika jdli qa-a-Iu q-lam(var.

qalu

§d-am)-ma (see inbu mng. 3b) Gilg. VI 8;he took away the tablet of office (and)ana Ani iq-ftil-Sd presented (it) to AnuEn. el. V 70, cf. [Marduk] ... [l1'i baltf]ii-qi-ki kdi (referring to Tagmetu) EbelingHanderhebung 124:13; kackku la ma-hi-ru i-qiS-[ka] DN Nudimmud presented you(Nergal) with an irresistible weaponBollenriicher Nergal p. 50:12; a kini dbitzibdniti ma'd[a.. .] mimma umu ma'd[i]qi-d-d-ii [.. .] the honest (merchant)who holds the balances (has) much [prof-it?], much of everything is presented tohim [. . .] Lambert BWL 132:111; guh4etumalldma ta-qa-su you heap (offerings)on the reed altars and present (them) tohim (Samag?) KAR 66:17, cf. TTjG.HU§.A. . a-qi-ku-nu-4i I brought you (Ea,gamai, and Marduk) a .... garment asoffering Iraq 18 62:21, cf. AnBi 12 284:52,and passim in rit.; zammeru .. . qdt bel niqigabbat qe-e-su iqabbi the singer takes thehand of the man who gave the offeringand says: Present it (now) BBR No. 60r. 25 (NA); note royal exchange of gifts:[gabba] Sa[lldti]Sunu a ilteqiuni [u ana]RN i-qi-i4-u-nu-ti all the booty they havetaken from them he (the Hittite king) hasgranted to Niqmandu (of Ugarit) MRS 950 RS 17.340:21, of. ibid. 24 (edict of Auppilu-liuma); I made a treaty with RN narkabdtis8zs pare ana rukub belitifu a-qis-su Igranted him chariots, horses, and mulesfor his royal equipage (parallel: addinuii 13) Streck Asb. 14 ii 14.

2. to bestow health, good fortune, etc.,to grant wisdom, power, riches, etc., togrant the use of, to grant progeny - a) tobestow health, good fortune, etc. - 1' indivine epithets: iliellu 6urb qa-i-4u TI.LAmy great, holy god who grants health KAR39 r. 6, dupl. Craig ABRT 1 21:13, see Lambert,JNES 33 280:109; (Marduk) qa-i-[Su ba]-la-ti AfO 19 56:29 and 31, also (Nabs) LKA42:17, and dupl. PBS 1/1 18:15; qa-i-i TI.LABMS 22:5, qa-i-d ba-ld-tu BA 5 664 No. 22:4,qa-i TI.LA Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 4, also

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qfAu(Ninurta) AKA 257 i 9 (Asn.); (Sin), wr. NfG.BATI.LA KAR 74 r. 11, cf. (Marduk) nig.banam. ti. la Limet Sceaux Cassites 3.2:4, 3.3:4,4.23:4, (gamag) [n]ig.ba ti.la ibid.4.16:3, (Sin) ibid. 4.25:4, (Ninurta) ibid. 4.17:4,(Adad) ibid. 4.18:4, (Nergal) ibid. 4.24:4; (Igtar)qa-i-Sat TI.LA.ME§ AKA 208 i 7 (Asn.), also(Sarpanitu) LKA 48:3 and dupl. BMS 9 r. 12,(Gula) BMS 4 r. 3, VAB 4 280 vii 31 (Nbn.);(Ninmah) BA-t DIN RAcc. 139:332; (I§-hara) qa-i-Sat zi-ti BMS 7 r. 4, also (Gula)b a nam.ti.la.kex : qa-i-Sat napiltibaldti KAR 73 r. 15f., (Nisaba) qa-i-1d-atZI-tim Lambert BWL 172:17.

2' other refs. to gods as bestowers:DN DN2 u DN3 ftbi libbi fubi eiri ardku lumu labdr pale ana betl arrdni ... li-qi-gi(text qi-li-u) may AgAur, ama, andMarduk grant to the lord of kingshealth of mind and body, length of days,and a long reign ABL 280:5, and passim inletters of Bel-ibni, with the formula shortened ABL285:3, 520:3, 789:3, 790:3, also in greetings ofother letters, e.g., ABL 839:8, cf. Marduk uSarpdnitu imu arkiti 6andte ddrdt tblibbi u tub Ser li-qi-Su-nik-ka ABL 496:7,also (Bel and Nabf) tu-lib-bi u arakuumu ana beenu li-qi-u-' CT 22 10:7 (allNB); (Igtar) umi arkuti ana 6arri belijalu ta-qi4 ABL 378:10 (NA); Be u Nab~§andti §a mA-lu-l[im ana Sarri] belija li-qi-fi may Bel and Nabfi grant to the king,my lord, the (number of) years of Alulu(i.e., to enjoy a prolonged life span) ABL796:5 (NB), cf. (in broken context) li-qi-IdiABL 605:3 (NA); ela DN itartu ajitu i-qi-4dnapiassu besides Sarpanitu, whichgoddess will grant him life? Lambert BWL58:34 (Ludlul IV); anapdtlihija a-qa-ii baldtiI (Bau) grant health to him who honorsme Or. NS 36 122:107 (SB hymn to Gula);DN uur napitz DIN BA-Xd 0 Marduk,protect my life, grant me health OIP 37 61No. 129 (NB seal), also, wr. PAP ZI DIN BAWiseman Cylinder Seals of Western Asia 98:2,PAP SI DIN BA-e Porada Corpus of AncientNear Eastern Seals 747, and passim on NB seals;

qS§uardku umi i-qi-4d-an-ni he granted melong days (of life) BBSt. No. 37 i 2 (Nbn.), cf.SibutiX-KU-§ID littu[ti a]j i-qil-ku-nu mayhe (AAlur) not grant to you old age (and).... of extreme old age Wiseman Treaties416; bald umi arkuti fib libbi qi - lim-magrant me (0 Ninlil) a long-lasting life ofcontentment Streck Asb. 276:17, cf. Aurkanitub libbi [b]altda qi-§d-a-ni PBS 1/2 106 r. 2,see ArOr 17/1 178, cf. KAR 267 r. 24, wr. TI.LABA-a-ni BMS 47:4; (0 river) Suridilu[apsii]ki gajahdti TI qi-i-Si take it (theevil) down to your depths, you are smiling,grant health RA 65 163:34, wr. TI.LA qi-dam Or. NS 34 127 r. 12, Or. NS 36 4 r. 18,also BMS 22:22, Lambert, JNES 33 276:53, [ba-la]-tu qi-i-d LKA 29k r. 20, cf. KAR 267:25f.,dupl. LKA 85 r. 19, and passim in prayers, wr.TI.LA NIG.BA LKA 43 r. 4; napit qi-i-SdSTT 55:19 and dupls., see Ebeling Handerhebung64:21, cf. Schollmeyer No. 12:11, 4R 59 No. 1:29,Farber Iitar und Dumuzi 134:131, ASKT p. 75r. 7, see JCS 21 10:97; note ki a ana i qirianni napiSta a-[qiS-§u] jdli napilti qi-Sdjust as I grant life to this bird, grantlife to me AfO 12 43 r. 23 (SB inc.).

3' referring to the king: HammurapiSu i-qi-§u naplatam ana URU GN whogranted life to the city of GN CH iv 1.

b) to grant wisdom, power, riches, etc.:ina hissat libbija §a Ea ... uznu rapatuNfG.BA-ni by my own intuition (for) whichEa granted me great intelligence Iraq 1441:23 (Asn.), cf. uzun nikiltu Sa Ea ...i-qi-4-Sid VAS 1 37 iii 6, also Iraq 15 123:19(both Merodachbaladan II), also (in brokencontext) [...] NAM.ME§ NIG.BA-8U BiOr28 7 i 13', cf. ibid. 6' and 10 iii 6' (Marduk proph-ecies); afaridita girta qarduta ta-qi-Sa-lu you (gods) have granted him firstrank, glory, and heroism AKA 31 i 24 (Tigl. I),cf. meSrd nemela ta-qa-a-d you bestowriches and profit Craig ABRT 2 21:8; ta-qi-Si-ma kinite 6izuba gamilu you (Ittar)have granted (me the power) to save andspare the loyal ones ZA 5 79:30 (hymn ofAsn. I); GN sa-tu erenim u tiamtam alitam

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i-qi-iS-f\uml-ma (Nergal) granted himthe Amanus, the cedar mountain, and theupper sea AfO L0 74 i 28, cf. gnu kibrdtim. . . i-qi-u-mum BE 13380:7, cited AHw.p. 919b; nire Sat DN eli i-qi-su-Jum thepeople whom Dagan granted him anewAfD 20 74 ii 18 (Naram-Sin); Anu and Enlilkuss2 ag4 hatfu u libirri ... i-qi-u-humgranted him throne, crown, scepter, andstaff CT 36 21 i 7, dupl. RA 11 109:7 (Nbn.);(Itar) re4'it matiki ta-qi-e-e-§u KAR107:20, dupl. KAR 358:7; sugulldt na-a-li.ME ... a DN u DN 2 . . . epee bu'uri i-qi-,d-ni herds of deer (gazelles, etc.) thatAgAur and Ninurta gave me for me tohunt AKA 90 vii 8 (Tigl. I); may Mardukwhen he sees this tomb [an]a mdnahtijali-[q]i-la grant it to me as a place ofrest AOB 1 40 r. 3 (time of A§Aur-uballit I);my numerous troops a ASrur i-qi- athat AgAur granted to me Streck Asb. 82ix 128; tilka a baldfi qi- a-ma grant me(the use of?) your life-giving incantationUgaritica 5 17:36.

c) to grant progeny - 1'[...] far-ra i-qa-a-d ze-ruNo. 22:6.

in gen.:BA 5 664

2' in personal names: Ezida-apla-BA-Id Coll. de Clercq 2 p. 120 B pl. xxviiNo. 2:15 (NB), Ezida-BA- d Nbk. 201:12; dgSaamal-NUMUN-BA-Id ama-Has-Granted-an-Offspring ADD 481:4, and passimin NA, Iftar-MU-BA-d ABL 205:2, seeTallqvist APN 304a; Qi-i-ahum A-Brother-Was-Granted-Me TLB 1 180:15 (OB);I-li-i-qi-a-am Boson Tavolette 371:4 (OAkk.),also YOS 13 5:26 (OB), and passim, seeibid. p. 58f.; Sin-i-qi-a-am YOS 2 40:9(OB); Anu-qi-§d-an-ni VAS 15 38 edge, cf.Speleers Recueil 276:21, Dar. 527:16, 561:4,wr. Marduk-N G.BA-an-ni Dar. 245:10;Marduk-ta-qi-u BE 14 32:7 (MB), I-qi-ga-Marduk ibid. 34:17, PBS 2/2 12:22 (MB),BA-Sd-Marduk Nbn. 1116:16, Cyr. 170:21,note URU BA- 4-DINGIR TuM 2-3 220:2,222:2 (NB); Ta-qi-Ma-dGula BE 14 151:31,and passim in MB, for MA see Saporetti Onomastica

qit pibitti2 149 s.v. qidFu; Nusku-ta-qi-bu-ul-lit PBS2/2 14:3 (MB); dA.KU-BA-TI.LA = Sin-ta-qi-.a-lib-lu Sin-You-Have-Granted-(ason) -May-He-Live 5R 44 iii 53, cf. ADDApp. 5 r. 4; fdGula-qa-'i-Ad-at Nbk. 283:4,Nbn. 508:10, also, wr. Sin-MA.AN.BA JENu297 r. 4, cf. dNanna.ma. (an.) ba citedLimet Anthroponymie 500; I-qi-Su-ni MDP 24381:20, 393:7, 13, 14, 19, 49, 394:11, also BE14 10:28, 128a:22 (MB); BA-ld-a Nbk. 102:2,Dar. 415:12, BA-Sd Nbk. 220:10, Ina-S.KAR.RA-BA-.d CBS 3799, cited Clay PN 88b; I-qi-Sum BE 14 110:15 (MB).

3. II to bestow many gifts: tdmartakabittu uamhirunitima u-qa-ig qi-§d-a-te I offered them (the gods) substantialpresents and gave them numerous giftsBorger Esarh. 5 vii 12, cf. niqe4u uamhirau-qa-i-4d NfG.BA.MES-te WO 4 32 v 5(Shalm. III); DN DN2 u DN3 4-qa-i-u-u5 qi-§d-a-ti En. el. V 80; qi-6d-a-ti ana malkAnunnakk. . . [u]-q-a-a-a-i (see malkuB usage a-3') TuL p. 58 i 19; I gave aparty for the people of Babylon andBorsippa NfG.BA.ME~ -qa-i-su-nu-tiand gave them many gifts WO 4 32 vi 5(Shalm. III); see also qgtu.

4. II/2 to be dedicated (passive tomng. 1): ana DN lippaqidma [...] anaBel liq-da-'-ii may [...] be entrusted toDN, be presented to Bel RAcc. 26 i 25;uncert.: 6 T§TG ter-qum [x x] EZEN.MAHiq-qi(text -di)-5u Riftin 52:13 (OB).

For ARMT 13 38:16, see nakdau. In VAS 10 214iv 2 read an §c3 na-ti gimru (the royal scepter,crown, and throne are granted to Ittar) everythingis suitable for her.

qfAu see gdSu v.

qit pibitti (qaqibitti, qajabitti) s.; stolenproperty (found in the thief's possession);NA, NB; cf. qdtu.

annitu Sa 14 MA.NA 30 ofN KtT.BABBARqa-i-bit-te ina qdteunu iquabtu thesestolen goods, valued at 14 minas ofsilver, were seized in their very hands

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Iraq 32 132:4; AN§E.NITA a qa-ga-bi-ti ina qdt PN qa-ga-bi-it-te ilbatuniPN 2 ussallim the donkey, stolen property,which they seized in PN's hands, PN2 paid(the fine on it) VAT 8737:2 and 4, citedDeller, Or. NS 33 93 f., cf. (in similar context)F a qa-i1-[bit-ti] -Su ibatuni Postgate PalaceArchive 92:17, eleven thieves stole (?)seventy sheep UDU.ME[§] q[a-a]t gi-bit-ti-ii qdt PN jabtu the sheep stolen bythem (text: him) were seized in PN's pos-session ibid. 119:20 (all NA).

For qdt ibitti in NB see gibittu mng. 4.

qatilu v.; 1. to kill, slaughter, 2. guq=tulu to cause to slaughter; Mari, Rimah;WSem. lw.; I iqtul - iqattal, III.

1. to kill, slaughter (in hdra qatdluto kill a donkey foal, as a symbolic actaccompanying the making of a treaty):AN§E ha-a-ri i ni-iq-tu-ul [ni]S ilz inabirini i nilkun let us kill donkey foals(and thus) make a mutual sworn agree-ment OBT Tell Rimah 1:11, cf. ARM 4 78 r. 16';itti PN hdram aq-tu-ul u ina nij ildni andkuana PN kcm aqbi I slaughtered a foalwith PN and I declared under oath to PNthus Syria 19 108:19; ana minim tahmutmaitti PN [u DUMU.ME§ Si]m'al hdr ta-aq-tu-ul Melanges Dussaud 991; PN u Sarrdnu9a Zalmaqimm[a] sugdgi u ibui[tum] SaDUMU.ME§ GN ina bit Sin a Harrdn hdriiq-tu-[u-l]u ibid. 986:11, cf. hdrtza DUMU.ME GN la ta-qa-ta-al ibid. 984:25 (all Mari);for other refs. see hdru.

2. Juqtulu to cause to slaughter: [h]dram mdr atdnim [a]ndku i-Ja-aq-ti-ilsalimam birit Hand u Idamaraq aSkunI made (them) slaughter a foal of a don-key mare and arranged (thus) for peacebetween the Haneans and the IdamaraARM 2 37:12.

For TIM 2 79:21f. see qatdpu.

qitam see qdtamma.

qitamma (qdtumma, qdtam) adv.; thesame, similarly, in a like manner; OB,

qitamma

Mari, Bogh., EA, MB Alalakh, SB, Ak-kadogram in Hitt.; qdtumma OBT TellRimah 61:10; wr. syll. and uv-ma; cf.qdtu.

a) qdtamma- 1' in letters, leg., andlit.: warki RN . . . 10 15 arrdni illakuwarki RN2 ... qa-tam-ma ten (to) fifteenkings are allied with Hammurapi - withRim-Sin, the same Syria 19 117:25, also 26f.;andku mdtam ... ubbab ... u atta qa-tam-ma mdtka tubbab I will take a censusof the land, you likewise will take acensus of your land ARM 1 129:28, cf. [. . .]ilhi[tu] u ina GN [q]a-tam-ma ihi[tu]ARM 183:21, cf. ibid. 5:6, ARM 104:8, ARMT 1350o:11, 1-pu 2-u adinu u awzil dajdniqa-tam-ma idinuu ARM 5 39:11; anaSarrim ithema qa-tam-ma zpulma u i tu anaarrim u RN [if]-he-ma qa-tam-ma ipuluma

[ana] belija illikma he approached theking and (the king) gave him the sameanswer, and after he had approached theking and RN, and they gave him the sameanswer, he went to my lord ARM 5 72 r. 14'and 16', cf. u ana fPN qa-tam-ma aqbi OBTTell Rimah 62:10; an[nitam a]pufuniiti uana awil a bazah[dtija] qa-tam-ma dan:ndtim a kun this is how I threatenedthem, and similarly I gave strict orders tothe men in my outposts ARM 2 92:22, cf. ibid.126:17, wr. qa-ta-am-ma ibid. 35:10; ulmillakam u atta qa-tam-ma ARM 4 69:14; aamdti&u qdteina ina eri uddappir u aarddnifu qd-ta-am-ma ina qdti.unu ud=dappir (the Hittite king) released his slavegirls from the grindstone, and likewisefreed his slaves KBo 10 1 r. 12 (Hattugili bil.);kim ana gam i nakirSu ana RN qa-tam-manakirhu just as he is an enemy of theSun (i.e., the Hittite king), so too is he anenemy of RN KBo 1 5 ii 27, also ii 6 and 36,cf. k1cme ami . . . mdssu inaar-u a RNm8su ... qa-tam-ma inaggar ibid. i 52and 57; ki awatum anummidmmi . . . luqa-tam-ma-mi "what situation would thatbe?" He said, "Indeed the same" ibid. i 29;Sa LUGAL GAL qa-tam-ma (at the ends

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of paragraphs of the treaty) KUB 4 76:4,8, 10, also in the dupl. KUB 31 82:8, 12, 13, etc.,corresponding to KI.MIN in the Hitt. version ibid.81:6, also (as Akkadogram in Hitt.)DI-IN-gU-NU QA-TAM-MA their sentence (thatof a free man or an unfree man) is thesame Friedrich Gesetze I § 32:21, 33:22, 9I-IM-gU QA-TAM-MA ibid. II § 63:35, cf. ibid. I§ 73:69, and passim; kzme mdre marijannu§a Alalah u PN qa-tam-ma mdrmdriu anaddria marijanni (see mariannu usage b)Wiseman Alalakh 15:7, cf. kime L1Y.ME§SANGA Sa DN u Sa DN2 6unu qa-tam-maibid. 14 (MB), abini [ina] biri unu mdmitamilkunu u ninum qa-tam-ma ibid. 122:6;(various precious objects) qa-tam-ma kalimimma damqi RA 31 127:11 (EA); ana u9u SAL 1-ma ... Gd-niG ana GAL U TUR§u-ma it is the same for men and forwomen, variant: it is the same for old andyoung STT 89:212.

2' in lex.: ga.na = §u-ma (i.e., gana)Izi V 159; [gu]du 4 .bal.l.ta.e = §u-maLu IV 74, and passim in lex. to indicatethat the item in the right, Akk., sub-column is identical with that of the left,Sum., subcolumn.

b) qdtumma: mimma bitam la tanassahu fPN qa-tum-ma mimma bitam ul inassah(see nasdhu mng. 4c) OBT Tell Rimah 61:10.

c) qdtamma Sa, qdtam a: assurrimaqa-ta-am-ma fa PN PN2 ippeA surely PN2will act just like PN ARM 2 124:27; qa-tam §a abika epu Syria 19 109:30; qd-ta-am a laddaqdim u SaluSdni Se'am lim=dudu let them measure out the barleyjust as (they did) last year and the yearbefore Kraus AbB 1 125:9, cf. qa-ta-am §aSaddaqdim ekallum le'am itabbalma UET 578:18; qa-tam §a umu ARM 1 6:36; qa-tam a inannama OBT Tell Rimah 86:5.

d) qdtam panitamma: S2 qa-tam pa-ni-tam-ma waklit itinnilama ippe he willcarry out the overseeing of your buildersjust as before ARM 2 2:16, cf. [qa-tamp]a-ni-tam-ma lu kal ARM 1 76:19; qa-

qatanutam pa-ni-tam-ma tuppdti gindti ana GN4ubilSindti ARM 1 11:11; a . . . eqldtimukillu [qa-t]am pa-ni-tam-ma eqldtimlikillu ARM 1 6:43, cf. qa-tam pa-ni-tam-ma [1]iquru4uniti ibid. 22:42.

In lex. texts, when there is no transla-tion for the item in the Sum. subcolumn,§u or §u-ma indicates that the item is thesame in Akkadian, as opposed to §u-,etc., i.e., §u with a phonetic complement,which indicates that there exists an Ak-kadianized loanword. §u-ma is probablyto be read qdtamma. Whether §u aloneis to be read qdtam or whether §u and§u-ma are both graphic symbols in-dicating equivalence horizontally, as dittosigns do vertically, is not known. Notealso the use of §u-ma instead of the dittosign in the Akk. version of the bil. texts5R 52 No. 1 i 20, 30, ii 19, etc. + SBH No. III i 36,40, etc., also ASKT p. 120 No. 17 r. 6 and 14,4R 18 No. 2:8 and dupl. Weissbach Misc. pl. 14r. 74, and, instead of repeating (part of)the apodosis, possibly short for §U.BI.DIL.AM, in CT 40 2:28ff.

qitamqiti see qdtaqdti.

qatinu v.; 1. to become thin, narrow,2. quttunu to form into single file; OB,Bogh., SB; I iqtin - iqattin, II; wr. syll.and SIG; cf. qatnu adj. and s., qattanu,*qutantu, qutdnu, qutnu, quttunu.

1. to become thin, narrow: GI.IG lubirujat mddi la i-qd-ti-in u la ikabbir thereed door must be the right size, it shouldbe neither too thin nor too thick TLB 434:29 (OB let.); Aumma martum kima gillimiq-ti-in if the gall bladder is as thin asa needle RA 27 149:6, see Riemschneider, ZA57 128, cf. Summa martum ressa kima DUBle'im iq-ti-in YOS 10 28:4; Summa [rieub]dnim iq-ti-in-ma ana imitti ubdnimiknu if the top of the "finger" is thinand bends down to the right of the "finger"YOS 10 33 iv 11; Summa martum medehtumedhessima ina i[mittim ir-p]i-iS-ma ina

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qatipulumelim iq-ti-in if the gall bladder iscovered with a network and it (the net-work) is wide on the right side but narrowon the left side YOS 10 59:3, also (with reversedirections) ibid. 4 (all OB ext.), cf. iq-tin (inbroken context, parallel: irpid) KAR 438:2and 3 (SB ext.); umma martu qutun4a epiqmaupuqla SIG-in if the thin part of the gallbladder is solid and the solid part is thinCT 30 20:12 (SB ext.); gumma mnru iq-ti-in uighir if the "yoke" is thin and small KUB4 66 ii 10 (ext.); the moon's horns are thesame size [i4t&t la ikb]ir itit la iq-ti-inK.3561+ r. 25, cf. ND 4357 iv 16, cited qarnumng. 3b.

2. quttunu to form into single file:qurdja ... iltenn i -qa-tin-ma inapuqiunu uretiq I formed my soldiersinto single file and (thus) brought themthrough their (the mountains') defileTCL 3 332 (Sar.).

In Maqlu V 163, §adi linerkunili adiili-qat-tin-ku-nu-ti "may the mountainslay you, may the mountain .... you(sorcerers)" is most likely an error orvariant spelling for liqattikunuti, see qativ. mng. 6. It is uncertain whether adiihtam rabdm i5[gahhitu] ul 8a qu-tu-[. . .]

ARM 1 83:24 is to be restored, with von So-den, Or. NS 21 82, as qu-tu-[nim].

qatapu (*qatdpu) v.; 1. to pluck, pick,to trim timber, to cut off, 2. quttuputo pick fruit, to dismantle a raft, to cutoff an excrescence, 3. II/2 to be picked,plucked, cut off, 4. IV to be picked;from OA, OB on; I iqtup (iqtup TCL3+ :225, BIN 1 94:21) - iqattap - qatip,II, II/2 (uqfatapa Kocher BAM 168:51), IV;cf. qatipu, qatpu, qitpu.

KUD = qa-[ta-pu] Izi D iii 16; ku-u KUD = qa-ta-pu A III/5:39; ku-ud KUD = qa-ta-pu Idu II281; ta-ar KUD = [qa]-ta-pu A III/5:146; KUD =qa-ta-pu, p a KUD. ru = MIN §a TTG, pa. KUD. du= MIN a TG Nabnitu J 307 ff.

§[U.B]U = qa-ta-pu, §U.BU.BU = Sd-ma-puErimhu II 215f.; zi.zi = MIN (= qa-ta-pu) $aGI§.HARHUR, tu.su.ub, §u.§ab, tu.bu.i = MIN

qatapu6a GIS.NU.TR.MA, Au. gur.ra = MIN a GI§.GESTIN,Au.zil = MIN a UKfrg, u.la, KUD.mah = MIN8a GI§.MA Nabnitu J 310ff.

kud.dub.ba = qu-ut-tu-pu Izi D iii 34; Au.KUD.KUD.ru = qu-ut-tu-pu, kL.ddb.ba, ki.dub.ba = MIN (for kuddupp2, q.v.) a iR Nabnitu J318ff.

gi. m . d a.&1 .zil.16 = qan tillat e[lippi], MINqu-ut-[x x], ni-iq-[ru] Hh. IX 333ff.

[. . .] gur 5 .gur 5 .ru.uA [...] : [.. .] ri-i'l-8in-ii uq-ta-at-ti-pu [...] OECT 6 pl. 20 K.4958:4f.

(coll. R. Borger).

1. to pluck, pick, to trim timber, to cutoff - a) to pick fruit: my mighty warriorsentered his luxuriant gardens inbiluma'du a minitu la is iq-tu-pu-ma theypicked much fruit, beyond counting TCL3 + KAH 2 141:225; PN expelled me from thefield which the 6ang4 had entrusted tome kardna ki iq-tu-pu ittafi ... minamma§a la Sangz biti kardna agd ta-qat-tap afterhe gathered the grapes he carried (them)off, (I said) Why do you pick these grapeswithout the temple administrator's per-mission? BIN 1 94:21 and 25 (NB let.); inagapnu 2 (BAN) kardnu ana qa-ta-pu withtwelve silas of grapes per vine to pickNbn. 606:6; note in figurative use: qa-ta-pu§a inb7lca endja limura may my (Tag-metu's) eyes behold the gathering of your(Nabfi's) sexual attractiveness (lit. fruit)TIM 9 54 r. 20, cf. left edge 1 (NA lit.).

b) to pick a branch clean, to trimtimber: ina libbi qilti i-qa-tap urna he(Urganabi) is trimming the cedar in theforest Gilg. X ii 29; e'ra arqa TI-[qi.. .t]a-qa-at-ta-ap you take a green ashbranch, you pick it clean (of its leaves)AMT 62,3:13, see Biggs gaziga 51; 6ummatikaru emis [...] rxl [...] §E.KAK rdal-ha-am habburdu ta-qa-ta-ap-ma if the beeris sour you pick out the .... stalks fromit TIM 9 52:13 (OB recipe for making beer).

c) to cut off: ki a qaqqudu a hurdpuanniu q[a-ti-pu-ni ku]rsinnuu ina piQuSaknatun[i k anni qa[qqu]du Ia KI.MIN(= Mati-ilu) lu qa-ti-ip just as the headof this spring lamb is cut off and its

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qatipuknuckle is placed in its mouth, so maythe head of RN be cut off AfO 8 24 i 25and 27 (A66ur-nirari V treaty); note in figura-tive use: a-qd-at-tap e-lu-u-ti I will cutdown the young men HS 1885:10 (MB epic),cited von Soden, ZA 53 231.

d) to pick off bits of wool from thesurface of a textile: a ubdtim panamiltenama limSudu la i-qd-ti-pu-u 6uttSulu mddat let them comb one side onlyof the textile, they must not pick thewool off it, its weave should be close(?)TCL 19 17:13, cf. panam 6aniam i-li-lalimAudu4u 6umma Idrtam i-ta-d-u kzmakutdnim li-iq-t-pu-§u let them comb theother side lightly (?), if it still has loosehairs let them pick it clean like a kutdnuibid. 22 (OA), see Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 104;see also Nabnitu J 307 ff., in lex. section.

2. quttupu to pick fruit, to dismantlea raft, to cut off an excrescence - a) topick fruit: PN went down into PN2'sorchard at night u 6allire uq-[te] -et-ti-ip uGI§.ME§ sabumma ztepun u ag5abassu andpicked the ... .-fruits and denuded (?) thetrees, and I caught him HSS 9 141:10(translit. only), cf. gallire [la] u-qe-et-ti-ipibid. 16, also r. 10 (Nuzi); [. . .]-u ki-i U-qat-

ta-pi (in-fragm. context) LKA 72:16 (culticcomm.).

b) to dismantle a raft: see qan (til:lati?) qut[tupi(?)] Hh. IX, in lex. section.

c) to cut off an excrescence: torelieve a man's constipation u vR -e GAZ.ME§ umedte qut-tu-pi and to break(?)the .... , to cut off the excrescences (yougive him a medicated enema) KocherBAM 168:66, dupl. 108:2; Summa ameluJuburraJu umedti mali bdblu pehi anaumsdti qut-tu-pi if a man's anus is full ofexcrescences and its opening is blocked,in order to cut off the excrescences STT97 iii 19, cf. ana amelu vR-Se GAZ umdtiqut-tu-pi KA.MUD-id muggz in order tobreak(?) the .... , to pick off the ex-crescences, to widen his rectum (you

qitaqati

apply a suppository) ibid. 10 (coll. O. R. Gur-ney), dupl. Kocher BAM 95:12.

3. II/2 to be picked, plucked, cutoff: see OECT 6, in lex. section; SummaUR -e GAZ.ME§ Summa umdtu uq-a-ta-paGIG upta lah 6uburraJu urtappai if the.... have been broken, if the excres-cences have been cut off, the illness willbe relieved, his anus will be widenedKocher BAM 168:51; ina imdti anndti taspallassu umedte uq-ta-t[a-pa] you putthe salve on him on these days, (and)the excrescences will be removed AMT40,5 iii 5; see also (in broken context)OECT 6 pl. 20, in lex. section.

4. IV to be picked: GI§.NU.YR.[MA]li-iq-qd-ti-ip la x nu la iq-qd-ta-ap letthe pomegranates be picked, the ....must not be picked TIM 2 79:21f. (OB let.).

The Sum. compounds kud. dub. ba IziD iii 34, kfi.dib.ba, kfi.dub.ba NabnituJ 319f. appear to be loanwords from Akk.quttupu, lexicalized as compounds in Sum.

Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 106f.

qataqati (qdtamqdti, qdta ana qdti, qdtaana qdtassu) adv.; immediately; Mari,Shemshara, Rimah, Nuzi(?); cf. qdtu.

andku tuppam ina ibulim ul uhhir qa-t[a]m a-na qa-tim-ma fuppam uadbilakkumI was not late sending the letter, I sentthe letter to you immediately LaesseeShemshara Tablets 50 SH 878:31; um uppiteemm qa-tam a-na qa-tim mihir tuppija6ubilam ARM 14 6:30; um fuppi belijaik udam qa-tam a-na qa-t[im] euhdram§dtu a(fardam ARM 3 52:13, cf. ina umilumaqa-tam ana qa-timl awile dmiri... af=fardam OBT Tell Rimah 7:9; qa-tam a-naqa-tim-ma ... aStapram ARM 14 4:13, cf.ARM 2 105:17, ARM 3 28:11, 68:7, 71:20, wr.qa-tam a-na qa-ti-ma ARM 6 32:7; fuppam6Stu eSmima qa-tam a-na qa-tim-ma inaqablt girrimma ana GN atur when I readthat letter I returned immediately to An-dariq from the midst of the campaign

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qataruRA 66 128:20 (Mari), cf. qa-ta a-na qa-ti-im-ma ... argumma ARMT 13 111:10; theplant that your physician used in a poul-tice for me is excellent simmum mimmauOima qa-ta-qa-ti 6ammum ui ihessiluwhen any sore erupts, that plant cures itimmediately ARM 4 65:10, cf. ARM 3 67:7;qa-tam-q[a] -ti ana ger PN adtapram ARMT13 144:36; note the exceptional construc-tion: u qa-tam a-na qa-ta-as-su-um-maPN u andku ana pani4u ana abullat nlqi(PN2 arrived in Mari) PN and I went outimmediately to meet him at the entranceRA 66 119 A 2801:9, cf. qa-tam ana qa-ta-[. . .] ... danndtim apur ibid. 34 (Marilet.); possibly in Nuzi: ka-ti a-na ka-ti[. . .] iddin HSS 9 2:11 (let.).

qataru s.; incense; NA*; cf. qataru v.

[kima] pa riure a rabiti uzzauzu qa-ta-a-ri f5al napteni anni gabbu ina muhhimaksuate §a qa-ta-a-ri a ina put larrigakndni iakkunu (see maksitu mng. 3)MVAG 41/3 64:34 and 36.

qatiru v.; 1. to rise, billow, roll in(said of smoke, fog), 2. to becomegloomy, dejected, despondent, 3. qutturuto cause something to smoke, to make anincense offering, to cense, fumigate, tofume incense, 4. qutturu to make somber,dejected, 5. II/2 to fumigate oneself(reflexive to mng. 3), 6. II/2 to becomedejected, despondent (passive to mng. 4),7. III to cause smoke, fog to rise, incenseto billow; I iqtur - iqattur, II, 11/2, 11/3,III; MB, MA, SB, NA; wr. syll. andSAR; cf. maqtaru, muqattirtu, muqattiru,qatdru s., qatru, qutaru, qutrinu, qutrinuin a qutrini, qutru A, qutturu, quturtu,taqtiru.

i.bf.dug4 .ga, i.bf.m i = qut-tu-ru (precededby qutru) Izi V 17f.; ta-ar KUD = pa-ta-rum, ku-ut-tu-rum, ta-ra-klu, na-qd-rum A III/5: 132 ff. (textcorrupt, KU-ut-tu-rum is possibly to be emended topufturum or to turruku).

gaian.mu sir.sir.ra.ta gig.ga ba.an.di.e : tu-qat-tir-in-ni-ma margil tuieminni my

qataruLady, you have made me dejected, you have turnedme into a sick man 4R 19 No. 3:11f., see OECT6 p. 38.

du DUs = eld a qutrinnu [...] Iani si-li //qa(text KAT)-ta-ri §a nin-da-bi-[e] A VIII/1Comm. 14.

uq-ta-at-tar / i-mar-ra-ao he will have worriesIzbu Comm. 148; [. .. qut]-tu-ri = qa-ta-ru MeissnerSupp. 17 K.13663 r. 3 (med. comm.).

1. to rise, billow, roll in (said of smoke,fog): ammeni ina bztiki i-qat-tur qut-ruwhy is smoke rising from your house?(addressing a witch) Maqlu VI 46; ummakinuna arru anaMarduk ippuhma iq-tur ifthe king lights a brazier before Mardukand it smokes CT 40 44 K.3821:8, also ibid.39:36 (SB Alu); §umma ina MN imbaru iq-turif in MN a dense fog rolls in Thompson Rep.249A: 1, also 250:5, 250A: 1, 251:1 and 5, also STT305 r. 17 (iqqur ipu), Labat Calendrier § 98; forother occs. see imbaru mng. la; obscure:[.. .] UD.ME§ [i]m(?)-ba-ri-im(?) A9i-qa-tur-m[a] KAR 180 r. 4 (comm. to prod-igies); [...] X.ME§ iq-ta-tur BHT pl. 14iv 3 (Nbn. Chron.).

2. to become gloomy, dejected, de-spondent: zime nisz ina kiiri u ni[ssati]iq-tu-ru kima q[ut-ri] the faces of thepeople became gloomy, as if by smoke,by troubles and woes Iraq 29 55 ND 5406ii 7 (Asb.); Igigi i-qat-tu-ru dalhiJ JCS 31 86iii 99; kzma laknama illakam tene&etumminu atta ta-qd-at-tu-ur ana mdddtimmankind will go on as it has beenestablished for them, why are youdespondent over so many things? CT46 44 ii 7 (OB lit.), cf. a-qat-tur (in brokencontext, among laments) Rm. 2,273:13'.

3. qutturu to cause something tosmoke, to make an incense offering, tocense, fumigate, to fume incense - a) tocause to smoke: Summa izi ina kinuniLarri ie abliti -qat-tar if fire in theking's brazier causes dry wood to smokeCT 40 44 K.3821: 1 (SB Alu); [am]mini anaki-rim api ugguli tazarru nablz [in]a qitiSa Sdbulat tu-qa-at-ta-ar qu-ut-ra why doyou (wolf) spread flames to the .... of

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qataruthe .... reed thicket, send up smoke fromthe tinder-dry forest? Lambert BWL 194 r. 16(MA fable); ina imnika qut-ru u-qa-at-ta-<ar> ina lumelika idtu ua[hhaz] I (I tar)make smoke rise up at your right side,I kindle fire at your left 4R 61 iv 70 (NAoracles for Esarh.).

b) to make an incense offering (withqutrinnu): nddin [su]rqinni ana [...]mu-qat-te-ru qut-rin-ni (Nabfi) who pro-vides [. . .] with grain offerings, who pro-vides incense offerings STT 71:5, see JNES33 340, cf. 3-7i 4umka dASAR.RI 4itnunumu-qa-tir qut-r[i-ni] your third name isDN, the fighter(?) who provides incenseofferings LKA 16:11 (both hymns to Nabf);u-qat-tar-ku-nu-i erena ella kiera siltaza'a tdba I make incense offerings ofpure cedar, "knots," cuttings, sweet resinto you (gama§ and Adad) BBR No. 75-78r. 56, cf. ibid. 77, also -qat-tar abd erenaibid. 58.

c) to cense, fumigate, to fume incense:[KI(?)].NE.ME U §a qu-ut-tu-ri-im inapaniu ula4[Sdma] (the exorcist) has thebraziers (?) and the material (needed) tofumigate carried ahead of him LKA 108:5(namburbi); alpa Sd§u tapallaqma GIg.x.ERIN SAR you slaughter that ox, cense(it) with cedar [. .. ] RAcc. 14 ii 16 (kalerit.), cf. kibritu tu-qat-tar-ui you fumigatehim with sulphur Surpu p. 53:5; NA4 fTu GIA ana margi tapaa tu§akkalu tu-qat-tar-ui (these are the pertinent) min-erals, plants, and aromatics, as for thepatient, you rub (him), dose him, andfumigate him (with them, respectively)LBAT 1593:18, cf. tuaakkal4u talaqq utapalSassu u ina NE SAR-l-ma iballutTCL 6 34 i 8; (several plants) ina NE aidgitu-qat-tar AMT 62,1 i 6, 101,3 i 13, for otherrefs. see aldgu usage b-2'; mutdfi inaNE tu-qa-tar Kocher BAM 66:19; ina NEe'ri SAR-rlU1 CT 23 8:43; annunitu inaqutrinni tu-qat-tar-[Su] Kiichler Beitr. pi. 19iv 31 (coll.), of. ibid. 18 iii 17; (with various

qataruingredients) adi ulladu ina NE SAR-Siyou fumigate her in .... until she givesbirth KAR 223:15; atd'ia nikipta ina NEtu-qat-tar-6i you fumigate him withata'ilu (and) nikiptu aromatics in ....CT 23 40:25, AMT 20,1:13 (= Kocher BAM 471),94,2 i 13, 80,6:8 (= Kocher BAM 469:25) and 10,wr. SAR-SZi ibid. 4, 6, Kocher BAM 183:15,216:14, 494 ii 36 (= AMT 64,1:28), and passim,Oefele Keilschriftmedicin pl. 2 Rm. 265:18; (youmix various ingredients) ina NE tu-qat-tar-4u AMT 98,1:7 (= Kocher BAM 471 iv),also ibid. 9, and passim, wr. SAR-[U4 ibid. 5,101,3 i 19, Labat, RSO 32 117 v 11; Sdrat UR.GU.LA Sarat enzi ina NE SAR-Ai youfumigate him with hair from a lion andhair from a goat in .... Kocher BAM 248iv 41, cf. ibid. 94:6, 104:62, Sdrat UR.GU.LASdrat enzi ina NE IGI.ME9-iii SAR KocherBAM 183:11; (with) unsifted flour, onionskin ina NE SAR-Si 4R 58 i 32 (Lamatu II),cf. (with zfD.SE barley flour) AMT 101,3 i 10 and16, (with sulphur) AMT 33,1:10 (= Kocher BAM503 i), 51,4:6; note ina NE SAR-Szi ina KU§AMT 103 ii 7; ina NE aadgi qaqqassu tu-qat-tar CT 23 26:11; nahzri u tu-qat-tarAMT 64,1:21 (= Kocher BAM 494 ii 29), and seenahzru usage b-2'; (various plants) anaidti tanaddi uzneSu SAR Kocher BAM 3 iv15, cf. (ears) AMT 33,1:29, 35,1:3, 5, 38,2 iv 2,ina NE libbi uzneu SAR AMT 33,1:30, 32,34f., 37, AMT 35,2 ii 5, cf. AMT 37,2 r. 18; §u=

burragu tu-qat-tar AMT 53,9:8; you throwsulphur into fire Sepiu SAR-dr KocherBAM 152 iv 10; [. . .]-te-6i tu-qat-[tar] AMT43,2:1; for other refs. see qutdru usage b;tu-qa-tar-4u-ma zu'tu imaqqussumma ibal=lut you fumigate him, he will sweat andrecover Labat Suse 11 v 19, cf. tu-qa-tar-utukapparluma iballuf ibid. 14; note in II/3(iterative): qutdrf ... lu-qa-at-t[i-ru]kma uq-fa-nat-[ti-ru] ABL 570 r. 4f., seeParpola LAS No. 253; you boil (severalingredients) ep&4u tiq-ta-na-tar andrepeatedly fumigate his feet AMT 70,3 i 2,cf. [his ears] [UD].3.KAM SAR.SAR-maiballut AMT 38,4 i 5, cf. also SAR.SAR-drFarber Itar und Dumuzi 186:62.

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qitatu4. to make somber, dejected (lit.

blacken as with smoke): kiru u nissatuu-qdt-ti-ru zimu[a] depression and mel-ancholy have made my face somber Lam-bert BWL 72:30 (Theodicy); aj ibind5irift[um] lu qu-ut-rtul-ur ma-[.. .] theremust be no merrymaking for them (man-kind), let [their faces?] be despondentLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 72 II i 21; see also4R 19 No. 3, in lex. section.

5. II/2 to fumigate oneself (reflexiveto mng. 3): kibritu ru'titu ina NE uq-ta-at-tar he fumigates himself with sulphurand ru'titu in .. .. BBR No. 11 iii 9; inaurigal[li uMabm]a imilam uq-ta-at-tarCT 37 46 i 15.

6. II/2 to become dejected, despon-dent (passive to mng. 4): matu uq-ta-at-tar the land will be darkened (bydistress) CT 40 39 r. 51, and dupl. ibid. 44K.3821:9, TUR.DI.BI uq-ta-at-tar thatchild will live in dejection Bab. 1 194:5,see Labat Calendrier § 64; 6anitam itahaz uq-ta-at-tar (if) he marries a second (wife),he will be despondent CT 39 46:55 (SBAlu), see also Izbu Comm., in lex. section.

7. III to cause smoke, fog to rise,incense to billow: ina SE.NUMUN u hirrdtiqut-ri-nam 4-a-aq-ti-ir he sent theincense offering billowing up with seedsand hirqu plants JAOS 88 193:24 (MB);isarru Enlil qablat ajdb -a-aq-tar nablaDN whirls in the midst of the enemy andfans the smoky flames Tn.-Epic "ii" 26; tebiiSri [4]uznun kadaa Iu-uq-tur imbari(see kasdqu s.) En. el. V 51.

qitatu s. pl.; 1. guarantee, 2. se-curity, pledge, 3. guarantor; OA, OB,Mari, Elam, MB Alalakh, RS, MA, NA;rarely sing. qtu (Hh. II 95 f., Ai. III ii 46ff.);wr. syll. and SU.DUs.A (OB also §u.DO.A, Elam 9U.DU.A), SUII(.ME§), §U.ME§; cf. qdtu.

rfu.dus.al = qa-a-tum, Su.dug.a.ni = qa-as-su, tu.dus.e.ne.ne = qa-ta-tu-Su-nu, gu.dug.e.

qAtitune.ne §u b a.ab.ti = qa-ta-ti-Su il-qi Hh. II95 ff.;[§u].dug.a = qa-ta-tu, [§u.du].a. = a-na qa-ta-te, [u.dug.a. I9 in].sum = a-na MIN id-din,[9u.du8 .a. A mi.ni.in.su]m = a-na MIN id-din-Au, [Au.dug.a. 6 a]l.[g]ub.ba = a-na MIN u.-zi-iz Ai. III ii 41ff.; [8u.du 8.a].ni = qa-as-su,[Au.dus.a].ni Au bi.in.ti = MIN il-qe, [iu.dug.a].ni Au ba.ab.te.ga = MIN i-laq-qe, Au.dug.a.ni Au bf.in.ti.et = MIN il-qu-u, tu.du8.a.niAu ba. ab.te. g . <ne> = MIN i-laq-qu-u ibid. 46 ff.;Au.dug.a.ne.ne = qa-as-su-nu, u.du 8.a.ne.neAu bf.in.ti.ei = MIN il-qu-d, Au.du 8.a.ne.neAu ba.ab.te.ga.ne = MIN i-laq-qu-u, u.dug.a.ne.ne ib.zi.ge.et = MIN is-su-hu, Au.du8 .a.ne.ne ba.ab.zi.ge.ne = MIN in-na-ds-hu ibid.51ff.; Au.dus.a.ne.ne. i = a-na qa-ta-te--u-nu,Au.dus.a.ne.ne. 8 al.gub.ba = MIN uS-zi-izibid. 56 f.

1. guarantee - a) qdtati leqt to give aguarantee, to guarantee (OB): qd-ta-atPN adi x MA.NA [Ki.BABBAR] le-qe qd-ta-[tu-Su] lu att[ama] act as guarantorfor PN for the one mina of silver, yoube his guarantor CT 6 32b:10 and 12, cf.TCL 1 15:24; a um mdrezPN §a qd-ta-ti-u-[nu] ana kaspim ... te-el-[qu-u] YOS2 27:6; PN qd-ta-at PN2 kikgdt PN3 anax KO.BABBAR ana ITI.I.KAM il-le-e-ma(see kiSdtu mng. Ib) VAS 8 26:14, seeKoschaker Birgschaftsrecht 21 ff.; ana minimaSMum SU.DUg.A PN [e]l-qi-i . . . udabba=buninni why do they bother me justbecause I became PN's guarantor? CT 5275:5; PN ina jm tal<li>kam ina qubatim§ardqim bur PN qd-ta-ti-u il-qe aSum qd-ta-ti-6u il-qui- ittalkam on the day youarrived PN was convicted of stealing a gar-ment, PN2 gave a guarantee for him, sincehe (PN2) had given a guarantee for him,he (PN) left Kraus AbB 1 101:9f.; awi amia ... qd-ta-ti-Su u qd-ta-at kaldipdtilute-el-qzi-u ... Auriamma JCS 23 32 No.2:13f.; PN ana UD.2.KAM qd-ta-ti-Ja ilqeana UD.2.KAM DAM PN2 ... ul ubbalammabi-il-la-at dipdtim u ha-al-q[i(?)] PN ippalPN guaranteed her (compliance) withintwo days, if he does not produce PN2'swife within two days, PNwill pay the ....of wool and fine oil(?) YOS 13 25:13, cf.ibid. 10; qd-ta-ti PN PN2 il-qd-e PN2 PN ulug-zu-az-ma 10 GIN K.BABBAR Kgt 1.

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qitatuLA.E PN2 guaranteed to produce PN, ifPN2 does not produce PN, he will pay tenshekels of silver UET 5 425:1, cf. §U.DtT.APN itti PN2 PN3 §U BA.AN.TI ana UD.4.KAMPN ulzdz ul ulzizma 10 GfN KU.BABBARkiSMtiu PN3 ilaqqal TIM 5 62:1, also, wr.§U.DT BIN 2 81:1; akhum hubtim §a bitPN §U.DUg.A PN2 PN 3 il-qe-e afar pdduue$Su PN3 assumed responsibility forPN2 (who had been arrested) for theburglary of PN's house, he bailed him outof the place where he was confined TLB1 144:5; PN SU.Dtr.A §U BA.AN.TI YOS 83:6, 11:7, 15:6, 19:7, 27:7, 28:8, 33:7, 46:8,49:6; §U.DU 8 .A.NI PN DAM PN2 PN 3 U PN4§U BA.AN.TI.E§ ... ekallam ztanappaluYOS 14 299:1; qa-ta-at PN PN2 §U BA.AN.TIibid. 123:1; qa-ta-a-ti il-qi-u (in brokencontext) MDP 18 242:12; PN2 borrowed xsilver from PN qa-ta-at PN2 PN 3 §U BA.AN.TI ARM 8 50:6; qa-ta-at PN PN2 PN 3 ...PN4 Lj GN hatan unu DUMU PNs [ilqe] PN4,the Hanean, their kinsman, son of PNs,became guarantor for PN, PN2, and PN3ARM 8 68:1; §U.Dt.A PN PN2 ... U.DU.A§U BA.AN.TI PN2 (and six other persons)gave a guarantee that PN (would be avail-able) ARM 8 63:1 and 10, also 64:3, wr.qa-ta-at ibid. 65:2, 69:1, and passim, (with ittiekallim) ibid. 62:1, wr. §U.DUs.A Bagh. Mitt.2 72a 1, 73b 1, §U.Dt.rA1 AJSL 33 220 No.2:1 (coll.); qa-ta-at PN ana x kaspim PN2

il-qe-e ana mazzazdni fPN3 a46at PN anaPN2 nadgt PN2 guaranteed PN's debt of xsilver, 'PN3, PN's wife, was handed over toPN as a mazzazdnu pledge (should thedebtor not pay the silver within twomonths, 'PN3 may be sold) ARM 8 71:1;with itti: PN and PN2 borrowed x silverfrom PN3 PN4 itti PN3 qd-ta-ti-Su-nu ilqemainnabituma PN3 PN4 iqbatma PN4 gave aguarantee on behalf of them (the debtors)to (lit. with) PN, (the creditor), but they(the debtors) fled, so PN3 took hold ofPN4 (and PN4 paid the creditor, in what-ever town PN4 finds the debtors he maytake the silver from whichever one issolvent) YOS 14 158:6; x K1.BABBAR a

qatitua4um PN qd-ta-ti-im itti PN2 ... ilqumaJean gumer et Akkad 194:3; PN itti PN2 §U.DtT.A PN3 §U BA.AN.TI ... PN ipparakkumma 1 MA.NA kaspam §a eliu PN3 i<aqgal PN3 gave a guarantee on behalf ofPN to PN2 (the creditor), should PN be de-linquent PN3 will pay the one mina ofsilver owed by him (PN) TCL 10 134:3, seeLautner Personenmiete p. 11 f., cf. (for doing corveework) TCL 10111:1, 118:1; (concerning) PN'ssilver which PN2 borrowed qd-ta-at PN2itti PN3 PN4 il-qzi- illik PN ,mahar PNs PAMAR.TU rilkunma(?) 1 (and concerningwhich) PN4 became guarantor for PN2 withPN3, PN (the creditor) went and lodged(a complaint) with PN5, the PA MAR.TUofficial YOS 12 444:4; AU.DtT.A [PN] ittiPN2 aSum amtim PN3 U BA.AN.TI PN3guaranteed to (lit. with) PN2 (the creditor)that PN (would purchase?) a slave girl,(if PN does not [bring her?] at the success-ful completion of his trip, PN 3 will payone third of a mina of silver) VAS 1330:1; note the atypical: PN has borrowedx silver from PN2, she will repay it atharvest time, PN2 has taken over(?) (§uBA.AN.TI) (x field) from PN for cultivation,for (a rent of) one third (of the yield)§U.DUg.A.NI PN A.MA ,U BA.AN.TI thefield assumed guarantee for PN PSBA 33pl. 47 No. 29:16; see also leq2 v. mng. 5b.

b) ana qdtdti naddnu to give as guaran-tee - 1' in OB: idpurunimma a-na qd-ta-tim ittadnuninni ummami aSal larrikubburat TLB 4 55:24; PN 8a PN2 u PN3(( a ana qd-ta-tim [i]ddinukuSu VAS 1673:8; [PN] u PN2 ana PN3 ana qd-ta-tim na-ad-nu YOS 13 265:5, cf. ana PN ana qd-ta-a-tim [. . .] TCL 18 92:18.

2' in Nuzi: they sentenced PN to payme 36 sheep u andku ana qa-ta-ti anaPN2 attadindumi and I handed him overto PN2 as guarantee (now PN2 has returnedPN to me, I have taken him back) HSS5 19:8; PN u 'PN2 bel diniJu §a PN3 ana§U.ME-ti idinma u ina muhhi ~ibila ibid.102:9.

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qatituc) other occs.: 1 GJD x U.DU.A.NI

KI PN MDP 28 436:9; uncert.: aMumnepitim §a ina mahrij[a]ma akl . . . PN iuna(?)-din(?) ana qd-ta-ti a-ka-[ni]-imVAS 16 172:16, see Frankena, AbB 6 172; forRS see jabdtu mng. 8 (qdtu d).

2. security, pledge - a) in Mari: ifPN (the borrower) does not repay the bar-ley PN2 ana qa-ta-ti-6u ARM 8 60:14, cf.[an]a qa-ta-ti-im [. .. ] ibid. 53:5.

b) in later texts: (for the loan) Uv.DU 8 .A A.SA-U i-t u GIg.GE§TIN-4U Wise-man Alalakh 49:18; if PN (the debtor) runsaway or dies DAM-u DUMU.ME -U mim:mrnu §U.DU8 .A x ra(?) bi ibid. 48:18, cf.al6um fPN ana PN2 U.DUg.A... [a-n]a qa-ta-ti ana PN2 irrub ibid. 82:3 and 11, wr.arna U.DU8 .A-§u ibid. 84:4, ana U.DU8 .Aibid. 83:6, 85:3, 'PN §U.DU8 .A-tU ibid. 82:8;ina SU.DUg.A (in broken context) ibid.70:15; 6umma ana qd-ta-di in-[...] ibid.4:15 (all MB); SUII.ME§-kU-nu a x §E.BAR... x kaspa dtaha[z] (see ahdzu mng. 6(qdtdte)) VAS 1 96:11 (NA); for MA refs.see leqi mng. 5b.

3. guarantor - a) in OA: andku anakaspim Sa qd-ta-at PN ana PN2 al-ta-ap-tifor the silver for which I have registeredas PN's guarantor with PN2 RA 60 123 MP1:27; x kaspam §a PN qd-ta-[at] PN2 al-ta-pd-at BIN 6 123:7; anger 10 MA.NA KU.BABBAR qd-ta-ti-6u na-al (!) -pu-ta-ku-ni... u-na-ha-ni u kaspam madam uSagma,ranni in addition to the fact that Ihave been recorded as guarantor forthe x silver, he is cheating me and ismaking me spend (too) much moneyVAT 9215:45 (translit. only), see MVAG 35/3No. 325; x Kt.BABBAR ana PN qd-ta-ti-ui na-al-pu-ta-ku BIN 4 114:26; for other

refs. see lapdtu mngs. 2b and 8c; PNSa qd-ta-ti-kd la iltaptuni PN, whomhe did not record as your guarantor VAT13509:12, cited MVAG 35/3 p. 75 note c; forone mina of silver borrowed by PN PN2

qiattu

qd-ta-tum i-qaqqad falmiunu rakis PN2is guarantor, (the silver) is charged towhichever of them is solvent MVAG 33No. 226:43; ana amtim PN u PN2 (PN's son)qd-ta-tum umma aggumi amtim ana PN3mamman ituar PN u PN2 amtam ana PN 3ubbubuim (see ebebu mng. 2c) ICK 119b:10; tuppum . .. [ia] qd-ta-[at] PN uPN2 ICK 2 112:5, cf. BIN 6 73:29; tuppi aqd-ta-ti-a tuppima VAT 13509:9, cited MVAG35/3 p. 75 note c; 3 tuppjapiqissunu 1 tuppi§a 2 MA.NA huradim a PN andku qd-ta-tum entrust them with my three tablets,(on) one of my tablets concerning twominas of gold belonging to PN I am guar-antor Kienast ATHE 64:15, cf. PN [qd] -ta-ti-a CCT 2 49a: 12, PN qd-ta-at CCT 4 29b:10,atta qd-ta-tum TCL 20 110:7; ina tuppim[atta] qd-ta-tum ICK 2 147:10, and passim;

a Aut qd-ta-tit-ni BIN 6 35:10, and passim;adi tuppim ibuiti qd-ta-tim u PN a taspu.ranni BIN 6 73:3; ana 20 mana kaspimPN DUMU PN2 rabi alahhinim §a rabi sik=kitim qd-ta-tum PN, PN2 's son (who hadredeemed the debtors), the chief alahhinuofficial of the rabi sikkatim, is guarantorfor the twenty minas of silver JankowskaKTK 106:8 (= MVAG 33 No. 188); x kaspamga PN ana PN2 habbuluma PN3 ahassu qd-ta-tc-ni x silver which PN owed to PN2(and for which) PN3, his sister, was guaran-tor VAT 9293:4, see MVAG 33 No. 215, cf.JCS 14 1 S.558:4, ICK 2 117:7, qd-td-tumTCL 21 232:6, qd-ta-(<ta>-tum CCT 5 21c:15,note: PN u PN2 agassu qd-ta-tum PN andhis wife PN2 (both native Anatolians) areguarantors Kienast ATHE 75:18, cf. I 697:11,cited Matou, Studies Landsberger 181 n. 44; inax kaspim §a PN ana PN2 habbulu PN3 u PN4qd-ta-tic-ni ina kaspim annim 3 ninu qd-ta-ti-ni PN3 mimma kaspim ula ilqe JCS14 9 S.562:10 and 11; udi andku u qd-ta-t[ ]- nil [in]izzazzuni ana Sa ibbarini lauggar ICK1 103:16.

b) in OB: PN (case adds $U.DU8 .A) XKtR.BABBAR ana PN2 i2qul qdti PN itti PNu PN3nahat PN, the guarantor, has paid x

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qatitu

silver to PN2 (the creditor), the claims ofPN2 against PN and PN3 (the debtor) arewithdrawn PBS 8/2 207:13; U.Dr.A PN PNisthe guarantor BA 5 427 No. 19:13, cf. PN qd-ta-tu-gu Meissner BAP 57:18 (both harvest laborcontracts), cf. Grant Smith College 255:9; PNhired three slave girls for harvest timefrom naditu women idi4ina 3 §E.GUR . . .PN2 §U.DU8 .A (tablet omits §U.DU8 .A)imaddad PN2, the guarantor(?), willweigh out their wages, three gur (ofbarley) VAS 9 110:13 (case); PN U.DU8 .A PN2(receiving silver) PBS 8/2 251:7; PN §U.DUg.A (first witness to field sale) VAS 13 81r. 7; note in an adm. text: (dates allottedto several persons) §U.TI.A PN maratNIN.DINGIR dLUGAL.G.DUg.A §U.DUg.

A.NE.NE received by PN, daughter of theugbabtu priestess of DN, their guarantorPBS 8/2 204:11.

c) in SB: qa-ta-te la te-p[u-u. . .] uatta qa-t[a-te ... ] Lambert BWL 95:12f.,corr. to Sum. Au.dus.a nam.mu.un.tm . .. za.e Au.dug.a nam.mu.e.akAlster Instructions of uruppak 34:19 f.; uncert.:al-la-ak qa-ta-ta ibissi ul i-t[i-x] KUB 440 i 6 (= Lambert BWL 278).

Szlechter, Revue historique de droit francais et6tranger 34 (1956) 1 n. 1 (with previous lit.);RIDA 3e s6rie 10 (1963) 77ff.

qatatu in amil qitati s.; ward, (bonded)dependent; lex.*; cf. qdtu.

li. DUN.a = a-wi-il qd-ta-tim OB Lu A 280,cf. lii.DUN.a = a-mil(text -RA) qa-a-te (for qa-ta-a-te?) ND 4373 iii 18, in MSL 12 142.

For 1 u. DUN. a see Bauer Lagasch 111 f.

qatatu in bel qitati s.; guarantor (ofa loan); OA, NA; wr. syll. and EN U(II)

ME§, EN Su"; cf. qdtu.a) in OA: PN ana PN2 i -batnidtima [PN)

PN2 a4fa qdtdtim iddin umma PN-ma anabe-el qd-ta-ti-6u-nma awzil urram tutarramPN took hold of us in the matter of (thedebt of) PN2 and PN had PN2 provide aguarantor, PN said to his guarantor: You

qiattu

must return my man(?) to me tomorrow(if you do not return him, you will payme what his father owed to my grand-father) ICK 2 141:6.

b) in NA: ina MN PN illaka ina kutalfPN2 amtiSu izzaz Summa la illika amta inakim amtiu 'PN2 taddan PN3 EN SUII.MES5a fPN2 adi §A MN 6umma SAL la iddin amtaina kum amti PN3 ana 1 Ka-nu-ni iddanin MN PN will come and serve as a replace-ment for 'PN2, his slave girl, if he doesnot come, fPN 2 will provide another slavegirl, PN3 is the guarantor for PN2 untilMN, if he (PN?) does not provide a (slave)girl, PN2 will provide another slave girlon the first of MN ADD 166 r. 2 (coll. S. Par-pola); PN EN §U 11 8a MAN (contract forwork delivery) ADD 80 r. 1, also (with faLUGAL) ADD 94 edge 1, (with a LC) Iraq 25 95(pl. 23) BT 118:18; PN EN §UI.ME§ a PN(debt note for silver) AJSL 42 185 No. 1165r. 1, PN EN SU II .MES a SAL ADD 228 r. 1,cf. PAP 5 ERIN.[ME .. .] EN.UII".[ME§(?). . .] Postgate Palace Archive 76:4; x silvera PN ina pan bel pdhiti a GN EN UI I

§a kaspi ina pan PN2 ina pan PN 3 PostgateNA Leg. Docs. No. 20:7, cf. AJSL 42 233f. No.1186:9, 1187:6, (as witness) ibid. 181 No. 1161:8;EN SUII.ME (in loans) ADD 56:4, 67 edge 1,100 r. 1, 113 edge 2, 119 r. 1, 150:4, Iraq 25 94(pl. 23) BT 115:6, 96 (pl. 24) BT 120:7, (as wit-ness) ADD 5 edge 2, 77 r. 5; PN EN UII.ME§§a URUDU.ME§ Iraq 25 89 (pl. 19) BT 100:9;(contract for delivery of straw) EN §U 1 .ME§ Sa §E.IN.NU.ME§ ADD 151 r. 3, (forbirds) Iraq 15 143 ND 3439:10, see Postgate NALeg. Docs. No. 37; (debt note for barleyowed by PN, PN2, and PN3) PN and PN2(two guarantors of several debtors) EN

UII .MES Sa SE.BAR Tell Halaf No. 105 r. 4,Iraq 16 pl. 8 ND 2334:22, see Postgate NA Leg.Docs. No. 33, wr. [EN] §U.ME Sa SE.BAR[U Sa] IN.NU Tell Halaf 108:13, (for silver)ibid. 116:8; PN PN2 (guarantors of a debtor)EN §UII Sa §E Su-'u ADD 147 r. 2; atypical:x silver Sa PN Sa PN2 Sa 3zmi Sa PN3 ENSUII.ME ana PN3 ittannu illak ana PN4 iddan

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qaittu

which PN and PN2 gave to PN3 as the feeof PN3, (their) guarantor: he (PN3) willgo and give (it) to PN4 TCL 9 62:4; uncert.:PN [da1 x x1 x PN2 EN U11 9a PN3 i-ha-Qu-u-ni PN, whom PN2, the guarantor for PN 3(the creditor), slapped Iraq 15 pl. 12 ND3443:2, see Postgate NA Leg. Docs. No. 49.

V. A. Jakobson, Palestinskii Sbornik 25 (1966)45-52; Postgate NA Leg. Docs. 45 and 54f.

qatatu in rab qatiti s.; (mng. unkn.);NA, NB; wr. syll. and rab SUII.ME§-ti;cf. qdtu.

LO rab SUII.ME§-ti (in obscure context)ADD 680 r. 6; LTJ.GAL qa-ta-a-ta Cyr. 158:4.

In ABL 755+1393:16, Unger Babylon 285No. 26 iv 13, one may have to emend toL(.GAL) §U. <SLA).DU 8 .A(.ME§), forwhich see rab ~dqi.

qititu in Aa qititi s.; guarantor; OA,OB (Elam and Alalakh); cf. qdtatu.

ld.Au.dus.a = ia qd-ta-tim OB Lu A 279.

a) in OA - 1' in gen.: PN and PN2took hold of me, saying Sa [qd]-ta-timta'uram utarram the guarantor willcertainly make (you) come back TCL 4110:5; let the goods reach me be qiptijabdb harrdnija la qd-ta-tim la erriifma sothat the person making the qptu loangiven to me will not ask me for a guarantorbefore I leave CCT 3 8b:14.

2' ana Sa qdtati itaddunu to require adebtor to supply a guarantor: if theyrefuse to pay the silver sikka unu ka'ilau a-Ja qd-ta-tim adi allakanni itaddina=kunu hold (pl.) them (lit. their hems) andmake them provide a guarantor until Iarrive KTS 38c:12, cf. awilum sikkiukdlu ana Sa qd-ta-tim ittanaddinanni TCL 1928:26; (PNsaid) kEma din kfrim la imu'umasikk ukaUu u ana Sa qd-ta-tim ittanad=dinini ICK 2 141:30, cf. PN a-Sa qd-ta-timiddin (for remainder of text see qatatu inbel qdtatiusage a) ibid. 4, cf. also TCL 4 103:3;assurri sikkufu i la taqbatama u ana Sa

qatinnuqd-ta-tim e la ta-di-na-Su-ma eqlam eittalak heaven forbid that you not gethold of him and make him provide aguarantor, and that he go abroad VAT13473:16, cited Or. NS 29 p. 33f. n. 1, cf. sikkiPN ka'ila u ana <Sa> qd-ta-tim itaddinaSuibid. 10; klma ibhzi-qd-ti-a la ukallu awilamana a qd-ta-tim <itaddunim> palhakusince I have no witnesses at hand, I amafraid to ask the gentleman to provide aguarantor CCT 2 14:12.

b) other occs.: PN ana RN arri anamanzazniti wa4bu PN2 a qa-da-ti PN(the debtor) is staying in king RN's palaceas pledge, PN2 is guarantor Wiseman Alalakh22:10, also (guarantor fPN, (the debtor's?) wife)JCS 8 5 No. 21:8 (OB Alalakh); [A]d qd-td-ti-im telqina (in obscure context) MDP 18239:8 (OB let. from Elam).

qatihu v.(?); (mng. unkn.); EA; foreignword.

belz kimg URU GN ina KUR Ube anaSepeka / qa-ti-hi u kam URU GN2 anagepeka /1 qa-ti-hu li-eS my lord, just asDamascus in Ube is at your feet, gloss:qatihu, so also is Qatna at your feet, gloss:qatihu lei EA 53:64f. (let. from Qatna); arribeli[j]a qa-ti-hu da-an-na [S]a [...] (inobscure context) EA 284:19 (let. of Suwar-data).

qitima conj.; (mng. uncert.); OB; cf.qctu.

mSdehi Sa bitam Mdti imal4ahu maharmamman ul aakkan qd-ti-ma i tu reJimbitam 4dti tupahhiru u tuballituu I willnot "place before anyone" the robberswho are despoiling this house(hold), al-though(?) you have kept together andprovided for this household since thebeginning Kraus, AbB 5 76 r. 6.

qatinnu (qattinu) s.; (a profession);MB, MA, NA; cf. qatinntu.

L< qa-tin Bab. 7 pi. 5 iii 9 (NA list of pro-fessions), see MSL 12 238.

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qatinniutua) in MB: errez ga dliu lu qa-at-ti-ni

lu 5dib dli lu ameluti §a temilu the tenantfarmers of his city, whether they are q.-sor living in the city, or any (other) personsunder his command MDP 2 pl. 21 ii 35;(rations of barley) ana errei qd-at-ti-ni BE 15 37:1, cf. PN imhurma ana qa-ti-ni i-din BE 14 110:9.

b) in MA: LU qa-ti-nu (in brokencontext) KAV 193:10 (MA royal rit.); x barleyana kurummat ERIN.ME ka-i-e qa-ftil-ni AoF 1 60 i 41, cf. ana kurummat qa-ti-ni ibid. 68 iv 5; household of two widowsof a q. (included among itinnu's) VAT18136 ii 1-13, cited Freydank, AoF 4 125.

c) in NA: sarru atd uba'a [ina] bitLU qa-tin-ni [a]td uba'amma why doesthe king search (and) why does he searchin the home of a q.? (referred to as §aeqlu iru uni r. 9) ABL 74:11, see ParpolaLAS No. 38; naphar 8 La qa-tin JohnsDoomsday Book 9 iii 2, PN LU qa-tin-nu(beside ikkdru) ADD 742 r. 37, cf. (in brokencontext) ADD 741:29 and 748:8 (all census texts),L[U] qa-tin-nu (among persons of variousprofessions) Iraq 32 156 No. 24 r. 5, cf. Iraq16 47 ND 2345:2; PN LU qa-tin mar larri(witness, among craftsmen) VAT 10007r. 23; 60 LU qa-tin.MEA (among templepersonnel receiving rations) ADD 757:4;PN LU qa-tin-ni STT 49:17, see Deller, Or.NS 34 469; PN LU qa-tin-nu 'a Nabu Iraq15 146 ND 3436:2 (photo Iraq 17 pl. 25/1); PNLO qa-tin-nu a I.KUR.ME§ VAT 8657:7;PN La qa-ti-en-nu (witness) Postgate PalaceArchive 82:9; LU GAL qa-tin-nu (recipientof rations) ADD 1077 i 21; exceptionallyin a NB let.: L qa-at-tin (in brokencontext) CT 54 32 r. 7; as personalname: Qa-ti-nu VAT 14428:27, 14439 r. 7and passim, see Deller, Or. NS 34 477.

Deller, Or. NS 34 476f.; Freydank, AoF 4 124ff.

qatinnitu s.; status, position of qatinnu;NA; cf. qatinnu.

nap har 41 napdti GN ana La qa-tin-i-teana DN addinguniti in all, 41 persons

qatnufrom Arba'il, I gave them to (the templeof) Zababa to serve as q. KAV 39 r.(!) 12,see Ebeling Stiftungen p. 11.

qitipu s.; (a textile worker); OB lex.*; cf.qatdpu.

lu.tug.pa.KUD.da = qd-ti-pu OB Lu D 10, inMSL 12 204, [lu.tug.pa.K]uD.ru = qd-ti-pu-umOB Lu B i 14, also OB Lu A 12.

For the textile operation involved seeqatdpu mng. 2.

qatnu (fem. qatantu, qatattu) adj.; 1.thin, fine, narrow, 2. younger; fromOAkk. on, Akkadogram in Hitt.; wr. syll.and SIL; cf. qatdnu.

si-ig SI = en-[fu], qa-[at-nu] Sb II 314f.; [. .. ] =qd-at-nu-[um (. .)], x. x.xl = qd-at-nu-um [(...)]Bogh. Lu Fragm. II 2f., in MSL 12 82; SIG =en§u, qat-nu Izbu Comm. 66 f.; for other lexicalequations with Sum. equivalent sIG see mng. 1.

l al.sig.ga = qd-at-nu-ui (preceded by qut=tunu) OB Lu A 86.

1. thin, fine, narrow - a) said of partsof the body: u zu. a.mah = ir-ri kab-ri,uzu. a. sig = MIN qat-ni Hh. XV 103f.;[uzu.gig.kun.tur] = qa-ta-at-tu = ra-pal-tud e-her-tu Hg. B IV i 36, in MSL 9 35;Aa.mah 9a.sig.ga.ginx(GIM) §u mu.un.dib.dib.[x] : Jamahu kima irri qat-ni igappir (the sag . gig disease) twiststhe colon as if it were the small intestineCT 17 25:34f., dupl. KAR 368:6f.; see alsoirru mng. lb-2'; Summa (panufu) SIG.ME§if his face is narrow Kraus Texte 7:4, cf.umma pant SIG ibid. 24:18, CT 28 28:24,

(referring to the brow) umma GOB SIG(opposite kabar) KAR 395 i 7, also ibid. 2 (allphysiogn.); [Summa immeru] ... MURUB 4-'u SIG if the sheep's flank is thin CT

28 14 K.9166:4, and dupl. CT 31 30:4, wr.MURUB 4.ME§- iu qat-nu CT 30 48 K.8044:4(behavior of sacrificial lamb); Summa aplzqd-tan Kraus Texte 22 i 17; Summa oG1 SIG-ma Kraus Texte 9d r. 12 (= AMT 22,1); Summa... muleniqtau tuld sIo-at if its (theinfant's) wet nurse has (too) small a breastLabat TDP 220:36; a kidssu sio-ma u ofD.

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qatnuDA (he has a [...] neck means that) hehas a thin but long neck Kraus Texte 24:4;[a p]du ilkilalln R.ME SIG.MES (thatmeans) that both his legs have thin thighsibid. 22 i 34; idid appi qa-ta-an SAG.DUappi GAL (the sheep) has a narrow baseof the nose (and) a large top of the nose(explaining pan Huwawa) Izbu Comm. 191.

b) said of textiles: [tug ... ] = ka-x-x = su-u-nu qat-nu Hg. D 435, also Hg. C IIr. 12, in MSL 10 140f.; [tug .. .] = [e-dap]-pa-tum = na-ah-lap-tu qa-tan-ti Hg. CII 16,in MSL 10 139; 12 TOO a Akkid alqe iq:qerbim [1] TJG qd-at-na-am PN ilqe Itook twelve "Akkadian" textiles, fromamong them PN took one q. textile CCT 539b:20; 1 ToG qd-at-[nam] (beside kutdni)TCL 19 72:25, cf. ibid. 32; i qerpanim ubdtim

a tue"bilini §aptam 1 MA.NA.TA raddimalu qd-at-nu compared to the textile you(fer.) sent previously, add one mina ofwool extra in each, but let them be thinTCL 1917: 18; umma Qubdti qd-at-nu-tim latakallidi a4ammma ammakam a smimmddu if you (fem.) are unable to (make)q. textiles, I hear that there are manyfor sale there ibid. 29, cf. qubdtam qd-at-na-am a tulebilini (worth thirtyshekels of silver) ibid. 6; 1 TJG raqqatamdamiqtam qd-ta-tdm damanimma buy forme a thin textile of good quality withfine weave CCT 4 48b:18 (all OA); 1 abar=nium 2 qd-at-nu-tum 4 §a qdtim BohlLeiden Coll. 2 p. 41f. LB 1201 r. 3, see VeenhofOld Assyrian Trade 120; sindtim 1 MA.[NA]ulama 2 MA.NA qa-at-na-tim damqtim~ibilam send me one or two minas ofsunu textiles, fine and good quality onesARM 18 38:11; PN TOG ubdssu qa-at-na id=dinamma PN sold me his fine garmentKraus AbB 1 39:26, see also maqu A; 1 TUGnalaptu qd-tan(or -lip)-tum PBS 2/2121:38, also ibid. 30, 42, 127:21, 128 ii 5, 13,135 ii If., Petschow MB Rechtsurkunden 48:4,see qalpu adj.; 1 TjG.HI.A qa-at-nu (ofblue wool) AfO 19 pi. 6:7 and 8, also (ga'upu)ibid. 9 (MA); 2 TOG.ME§ qa-at(text -ab)-

qatnu

nu-tum nasqtu JEN 61:9; 11 TYJG.SIG§A.BA 7 QAT-NU eleven fine(?) textiles,among them seven q. (and one blue, fourwhite ones) (a color is expected) KBo 18181:19; 3 GADA SIG 3 GADA (G<T>.i.A SI[G]EA 31:31 (let. from Egypt), see Edel, Studien zurAltagyptischen Kultur 1 135ff.

c) said of wool, thread, hair, string(of an instrument): s ig. sig = qa-at-na-a-tum Hh. XIX 35; I am sending you 13MA.NA SIG.HI.A qa-at-na-[tim] CT 52 12:7,cf. 13:7, 14:7, Cf. SIG SIG ibid. 28:11, YOS 245:7 and 12; x-x-bu-qi qd-at-na-tim ana lu=bugti awilim 3 MA.NA SIG ana 1 GIN KtJ.BABBAR the thin ... .- s for the gentle-man's clothing, three minas of wool pershekel of silver (parallel qutnu, seequtnu mng. 1) VAS 16 189:4; ummatiranu kima GU.ME§ SIG.ME§ if theintestines are like thin strings BRM 413:21 (SB ext.); tudnu GADA qa-at-nu finelinen thread ADD 953 v 13, see PostgateTaxation 326 iv 12; kima drti qa-tan la idilina gri (the makadu disease) is as thinas a hair (so that) it is not perceptiblein the body Kocher BAM 124 iv 17, cf. qa-ta-an kima §ar-te ul i-'1-ad ina pagriStudies Landsberger 285:4; sa.3 sa.sig =Sd-al-Iu qa-a[t-nu] third, thin string (ofthe harp) Nabnitu XXXII i 3, SA 3-Si SIGCBS 10996 i 15, 18, and 21, see Studies Lands-berger 266f., also (restored) Iraq 30 229 rightcol. 2.

d) fine, said of work: dullu qd-at-nufine work (in broken context) EA 14 ii 31(let. from Egypt), wr. SIG ibid. iii 75f., iv 1,see dullu mng. 3e.

e) narrow, said of scarves, belts, etc.:2 parzigi qa-at-nu-tu YOS 2 16:38 (OB let.),1 parSzgum qa-at-nu-um TCL 10 94:1 (OB);ina TtJG hud4n qat-nu qabliou rakis he isgirt around the waist with a narrow sashUVB 15 40 r. 4 (NB rit.).

f) narrow, said of streets, roads, gates,etc.: sila.tur = s[u-qa-qu-u], sila.sig= qa-[at-nu], su-q[a-qu-u Izi D ii 7ff.;

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[Ku-n]u-uS-kdd-ru : su-q qat-nu LambertBWL 56 line o (Ludlul Comm.), cf., wr. SILASIG-nu Iraq 36 44:63 (Topography of Babylon);(a garden) DA suqim qd-at-ni VAS 1821:3, wr. SILA qd-a[t-ni(m)] (var. sio)TCL 1 136:4 (case), var. from 135:4 (tablet, allOB); a house DA suqu qa-ta-an by thenarrow street VAS 5 32:4, wr. SILA qa-ta-nu Dar. 275:2, SILA qa-at-nu PeiserVertrage 117:7, and passim, SILA qdt-nu VAS15 39:43, VDI 54 (1955/4) 142:7, 151:9, andpassim, also SILA qat-nu Cyr. 128:10, andpassim, DA SILA qat-ni VAS 1 35:13, SILASIG Nbk. 156:3, and passim, suqu sIG-nuCT 49 137:3, BRM 1 34:11 (all NB), see alsomutaqu usage b, aQ mng. 2; a field inahuli qa-at-ni on the narrow road ADD382:6; girra qa-at-na ... ana meteq um=manija ... utib I improved the narrowroad for the march of my army TCL 3 330(Sar.); appalisma kari abz ikuru qa-ta-an,ikinfu dura danna ... abnima I dis-covered that the construction of the quaywall which my father had erected was toonarrow and (therefore) I built a strongwall VAB 4 196 No. 28:4, parallel ibid. 82 i 21(Nbk.); A.GAR AMBAR (?) qa-at-ni RA 66164:9 (MB kudurru); note: A.GAR qd-ta-an-tur (as "Flurname" ?) TIM 2 3:10, cf.(fields) UA qa-ta-tum (parallel: §A ra:pa'tum) TCL 11236:6 f. (OB),cf. ibid. 8f.; DA A.AN.NA qereb KA qa-ta-an (houses) ad-jacent to Eanna within the district of theNarrow Gate RA 16 125 i 13 (NB kudurru),cf. a KA qdt-nu AnOr 9 9 iv 3, also PNL(J.I.DU 8g a KA qct-nu YOS 7 42:8 and 15;,ihi a qdt-nu GAL-i AnOr 9 19:34 (all NB).

g) other occs.: lii.sa = §a le-e-tim,lu.sa.gal = a ra-bi-tim, lu.sa.sig = Saqd-ta-an-tim (fowler) with a fine-meshednet OB Lu A 429ff., also OB Lu C6:10, in MSL12 196; umma rigma qd-tan if he hasa soft voice (opposite icabar) AfO 11 224:82(physiogn.); if the smoke ana ildiu qd-ta-an is thin toward its base UCP 9375:23 (OB smoke omens); SUH[U~-] i DAGALKA-Sd qa-ta-an (explaining kakkullu, q.v.)

qatranuKAR 94:27 (Maqlu Comm.); mihham qa-at-nam tarassan (to clean a garment) youbrew thin mihhu beer (for soaking the gar-ment) UET 6 414:7, see Gadd, Iraq 25 183(OB lit.); eme. ID (var. eme.DIR) edin.na = qa-ta-at-tum Hh. XIV 215, for EME.§ID.EDIN.NA see urdru A mng. Ic; qa-at-nu (in broken context) Lambert LoveLyrics 126:1 and 6; as personal name: Qd-at-nlm MAD 1 163 viii 36, for other refs. seep. 197; Qa-at-nu MDP 23 318:14, KAJ 128:18(MA).

2. younger: mA-a-[ri-du] qa-at-nuPN the younger ABL 796:2, also 255 r. 3,Thompson Rep. 136D r. 6, 220 r. 2, contrastedwith Aaridu mahrU, see Oppenheim, BASOR 9726f.

In TCL 14 36:27 read kd-ta ta-am-a-ti.Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 214ff.

qatnu s.; (a garment); syn. list*; cf.qatdnu.

qa-at-nu = MIN (= qu-bat) ra-bu-u Malku VI 64,cf. qa-at-nu = MIN (= [Qu]-bat) qal-pu An VII 156;qd-dt-nu = MIN MIN (= qu-ba-tu ba-nu-u), MIN la-bi-rum Malku VI 39 f.

Probably a garment worn thin.

qatpu adj.; plucked; OA, SB; cf. qa:tdpu.

a) said of a date cluster: as thesedates are stripped off and thrown intothe fire ana sissinni qa-at-pu la iturru(so that) they cannot return to theplucked cluster (so may the evil bestripped off) gurpu V 75.

b) said of textiles: 1 TJG kutdnam1 TjG 1d qd-at-pd-am ana PN ezib leavefor PN one kutdnu (and) one unplucked (?)textile ICK 2 299:11 (OA).

qatrinu s.; cedar resin, tar; plant list.*fj qat6(var. qat)-ra-a-nu: 6 A.KAL GI§ eri4 -ni

Uruanna II 514.

Meaning based on the equivalence andon etymology (Arabic qa.trdn "resin, tar").

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qatrenuqatrenu see qutrinu.

qatru (*katru, fern. qatirtu, katirtu) adj.;smoky; MB, SB; cf. qataru.

ec qat-ru limmer kiniln may mydimmed (and) smoldering hearth light up(again) (i.e., may my home be inhabitedagain) STC 2 82:87, see Ebeling Handerhebung134; kal imi iJdta la ka-tir-tdm[ta]arrap you keep a smokeless fireburning all day RA 60 30:15 (MB recipefor making colored glass), cf. [i'adta debta laqa-tir-ta talarrap Oppenheim Glass 34 A§ 1:16, also 37 A § 6:63, B § 4:6', and passimin glassmaking texts, wr. qa-tir-ti ibid. 38 C§ 5:17, also iSdta dannata la qa-tir-tataarrap ibid. 34 B § 2:36; in transferredmng. (cf. qataru v. mng. 2): qa-at-rulib-bi [. .] BM 68039:7 (SB prayer, courtesyW. G. Lambert).

qattanu adj.; thin, fine (also used aspl. of qatnu); OB, SB, NA, NB; cf. qatdnu.

.s i g.sig = i-du qd-at-ta-nu-tum thin arms(?)Proto-Izi II Bil. Section A ii 16; giA.zu.sig.gagi immar = MIN (= su-u) qa-at-ta-nu-td finepalm fibers Hh. III 370.

a) in gen.: §umma r5drat1 qaqqadiqa-at-ta-an if he has a thin growth ofhair on his head (opposite kabbar) KrausTexte 3b ii 62, dupl. 2b r. 8.

b) used as pl. of qatnu: Summa qerbikabbarutu qd-at-ta-nu-ti altu if the thickintestines have "swallowed" the thin onesRA 65 71:16, also Summa qerbi qd-at-ta-nu-tu kab<ba>ruti altu ibid. 17, Summa inaqerbi qd-at-ta-nu-ti irru atru ittabli ibid.14, cf. also ibid. 4 and 73:56 (OB ext.); Summaqat-ta-na if (a woman's buttocks) arevery thin (opposite kabbara) Kraus Textelib viii 2, cf. (the lips) ibid. 5, (the arm sockets)ibid. llc vi 9, umma x-x-x-d SIG.ME§(opposite kabbara) ibid. 5, also (a-hi-lu) ibid.11, (qdtdia) ibid. 17; [. . .] qd-at-ta-na a [. . .](in obscure context) Kocher BAM 40:13;[34 kappz kas]pi §U.SI.ME§ danndti [qalslate] qa-at-ta-na-a-te 34 silver bowls with

qat Alarge, light, and thin fingers (as design)TCL 3 p. 78:33, restored from TCL 3 359; 40GI§.ASAL qa-at-ta-nu-tu PN mahir PN hasreceived forty thin (logs of) poplar (as wellas willow and 6umtu wood) BIN 1 165:14(NB).

qattattu (or kat(t)at(t)u) s.;of furniture); MB Alalakh.*

(a piece

10 GI ka-at-ta-ad-du 5 GI § undnu(after one, two, or three tables, beds,chairs) Wiseman Alalakh 421:3, and, wr.GI§ ka-at-ta-tu ibid. 6, 8, and 11.

qattinu see qatinnu.

*qattf (fem. qattitu) adj.; (mng. unkn.);lex.*

[SAL . . .].UL = qdt-ti-tu Lu III ii 7'.

qattunu see quttunu.

qatfl A (fem. qatitu) adj.; 1. finished,completed, final, 2. entire, complete;SB, NB; cf. qat v.

kin = §i-ip-ru, kin.ak.a = MIN ep-Su, kin.til.la = [MIN] qa-tu-u, [MIN] ga-am-ru, kin.nu.til.la = [MIN] la MIN Ai. VII i 18ff.

[na 4 .gi§.zax(§ID).ga.za.gin] = [su-ud-du-ru] = qa-tu-u x [x] Hg. B IV line q, in MSL10 36.

ar-ka-bi-in-ni = MIN (= daltu) la qa-ti-tum MalkuII 172, also CT 18 3 r. ii 22.

1. finished, completed, final - a)buildings: ipir Esagil la qa-ta-a usaklilI brought to completion the unfinishedwork on Esagil Streck Asb. 230:12, cf.bita la qd-ta-a agmur sipiru VAB 4 68:27(Nabopolassar); bitu epSu la qa-tu-u an im-proved plot, unfinished BE 8/1 115:1 (NB).

b) artifacts: gold KI.LA 2 X. GA.ME9la qa-ti-ti in the form of two unfinished.. . .- s 82-7-14,589 r. 2; (precious stonesfor a necklace for Marduk) among them1 ME NA 4.ME§ qa-tu-tum ina pani PNTCL 12 101:15 (both NB); uncert.: 1 BANka-si-ia qa-tu-tum one seah of.... kaszi

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*qatfa B(for making beer) VAS 6 182:4; see alsoMalku, in lex. section.

c) calculations: siman qa-tu-u final(value of the) duration (of the month)Neugebauer ACT 200 ii 27 and 28, r. i 2.

2. entire, complete: akdpitu qa-ti-tiulammassu he will teach him the entirecraft of the leather worker Dar. 457:6,cf. (kdoirutu) Camb. 245:7, (nuhatimmutu) Cyr.248:6, BOR 2 119:7, 12, (purkullutu) Cyr. 325:8,(sabsinnutu) Nbn. 172:7, pjigammutu qa-tu-u(for qatitu) Cyr. 313:6, but iSparutu gabbiCyr. 64:6; (emu qa-tu-u [ana] belija al=tapra CT 54 514:5.

Ad mng. 2: San Nicol6 Lehrvertrag (= SBAW1950/3) 12f.

*qati B (fem. qatitu or kad/titu, gad/ttu)adj.; (a quality of wool); OA.*

rfaptaml GA-Df-tdm(!) mimma taddnamla imua he is not willing to hand over.. . wool CCT 4 45b:37, also ibid. 36, seeVeenhof Old Assyrian Trade 131 and n. 323.

qatfl v.; 1. to come to an end, to beused up, 2. to perish, 3. to becomecompleted, finished, settled, 4. quttdCto finish, to complete, to bring to an end,to go to the end of a period of time, acourse, to settle, to pay in full, 5. quttto use up, to end, 6. quttt to destroy,put an end to, 7. II/2 to be finished,completed (passive to mng. 4), 8. uqttto bring to an end, 9. §utaqt to bringto fulfillment, completion; from OB on; Iiqti - iqatti - qati, I/2, II, 11/2, 11/3,III, III/2, note qu-ti-ti (WSem. passive?)EA 75:37; wr. syll. (note uq-a-at-ti Scholl-meyerNo. 18:17) and TIL, AL.TIL (for (AL.)TIsee mng. 3b, u11I CT 22 20:18); cf. qatiA adj., qdtu in la qdt, qattu s., qtdj,qtu, quttH, taqttu.

ti-il BAD = ga-ma-rum, la-qd-a-tum, qd-tu-u-umMSL 2 130a v 11-13 (Proto-Ea), see MSL 3 218;ti-il BAD = qa-tu-[u], ga-ma-r[u] Idu II 240f.;ti-il BAD = g[a-ma-ru], qa-tu-[u'] S" Voc. V If.,also U 9f., A II/3:12f.; [BAD] [ti-il] = [g]a-ma-

qatif laa-ru = (Hitt.) zi-in-nu-ma[r], [BAD] [ti-il] = qa-a-du= (Hitt.) §u-[aA] Izi Bogh. B r. 10f.; til.la = qi-i-tum, til.til = qut-tu-u Izi J iii 13f.; til = ga-ma-ru, qa-tu-u Igituh short version 61 f.

[za-al] [NI] = qa-tu-u A II/1 iii 3; za-al NI =ga-ma-rum, qd-tu- MSL 9 149 ii 11f. (Proto-Aa).

NI. bi = gu-taq-tu-u Erimhu§ III 85; AN = §u-taq-tu-u Haupt Die Akkadische Sprache pl. 9K.4808:24.

9ir.ri nu.ti.le ba.ni.[...] : irih la qa-te-eliq[bi ... ] let him recite an endless dirge BA10/1 76 No. 4:35f.; [hi].li.bi nu.til.la : akuzubu la qa-tu-u whose sexual charm is inex-haustible Lugale IV 6.

U4 mu.da.an.zal : imu iq-ta-ti the day hadpassed (in broken context) SBH p. 54 No. 27:18f.

u 4 mu ti.a u 4 gi 6 ti.la :mu elu igammarumu ardatu u-qat-[ta] the umu demon finishesthe man, the umu demon destroys the womanSBH p. 95 No. 52 r. 19f.; ul.A.tuku &.na mu.un.da.til : §a etli bel emiqi emiqiu uq-ta-at-ti(the demon) brought the strong young man'sstrength to an end CT 17 22:149f.; im.mu.un.gam.ma im.mu.un.til.la : a uqaddidanni u-qa-at-ti-an-ni who bent me down, destroyed me 4R21* No. 2:14f., see OECT 6 p. 2; 6.a gig til.le.ginx(oiM) ma.ra ta ma.ma.a[1] : ki-ma bi-ta(var. -turn) ma-ru-uS(!)-tum(var. -ti) i-qat-tu-u(var. omits -ui)-u jdti minu i6gakn[a] KAR 375 iii21f., var. from dupl. 5R 52 No. 2:45f.; dr.ra.a.nigi 6 .dfg.ga.bi nu.til.la.e.da.ni f.di.na.nam : ina utlu mili tabu la iu-qat-ta-a §itti I didnot get enough sleep in the sweet lap of the night4R 20 No. 1:7f.

i NI I /qu-ut-tu-u // KI.'a-aNI / qa-[tu-u . .. ]A II/1 Comm. B 7'; i 'BAD = qa-tu-u Izbu Comm.15; el-la-me-e : AGA ta-ri-ih-ti kA-bu-u 6.lam4.ma : er-bi gd-niS si 6.gars.bi til.la : el-la-mu-u d nu-u-ru la-ni-u u-qat-ta-a: si : nu-u-rum : 6.gars : la-a-nu : bi : lu-u : til : qa-tu-uJNES 33 332:17 ff.; rul-tab-ru-u / qa-t[u-u] A II/1Comm. B 18'.

1. to come to an end, to be used up -a) said of periods of time: bardrtu kziq-tu-u ummu inabassi when the eveningwatch ended, fever came over her BE 1733:10 (MB let.); imi iq-ta-tu-u ztetiq adannuthe days have come to an end, the dateset has passed Cagni Erra IIc: 13; pale arBdbili i-qd-at-ti [.. .] the reign of theking of Babylon will come to an endBiOr 28 15 v 15, cf. BALA LUGAL TIL LeichtyIzbu XI 1, also ibid. XIV 7, BRM 4 13:79, LabatSuse 9:13, BALA LUGAL qa-ti KUB 4 1 iv 22(ext.), BALA 3,20 qd-ti ACh Sin 34:62, cf.

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MU.ME§ BALA LUGAL qd-t (tU > LeichtyIzbu X 25, cf. also UD.MES qa-tz-u MDP14 p. 56 i 19; [x (x)].ME i-qat-ti Dream-book 318 iii 4; iq-ta-at-a landtija STT 55:44and dupl., see Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen470:15; obscure: un-mu qa-tu-u-ma AChSin 19:3; witnesses before whom PNswore k MN iq-ta-tu-u adi mimma malaina bit PN alkunu uSleqi the month ofTaritu will not have ended before I takeout whatever I put in PN's house VAS 635:4, cf. (in similar phrase) Nbk. 307:8, Nbn.849:14, Evetts Ner. 47:7, cf. also adi MN TIL-2ietir VAS 6 200:14 (NB), MN qa-ta CT 2214:21; adi PA KASKAL (= pa-ras?) i-qa-at-tu-f[l GCCI 2 388:7 (both NB letters).

b) said of a business trip: uletteqmaqa-ti harrdn GN annakam 1.LA.E if he lets(the term for repayment) pass, he willpay the tin at the completion of the busi-ness trip to Susa Leemans Foreign Trade59:13 and 60:12 case, also 62:10 (= TCL 10 125and 20).

c) to be used up: §a GN maiqtu qa-ta-at (the water in) the irrigation outletfor the city of GN is exhausted BE 1727:33 (MB let.); E.ZfD.DA qa-ti YOS 3 66:5(NB let.); lubuti iq-ti my clothing is wornout Gilg. X v 30; kaspu §a ina paniunu§u" (= qati) the silver at their disposalis used up CT 22 20:18 (NB let.); [i]q-ta-taiddni burkdni itanha ina alaki urhi ourarms have no more strength (lit. havebecome used up), our feet (lit. knees)have become weary from travel VAS 12193:12 (Jar tamhdri); libbau itti £arri belijaqa-tu-u he is completely devoted to theking, my lord (replacing gummuru, seegamaru v. mng. 3h-1') ABL 958 r. 10, also,wr. qa-BU-u ABL 1136:6 (NB), cf. [Aa.al.til] = [ .A] qa-ti MSL 9 92 i 3 (list of diseases);la qa-tu-[u zimia] (how could) my looksnot be exhausted? Gilg. X iii 10; kuppu. . .libbaka Sa la i-qdt-tu- nagab[du] yourmind is a catchwater whose spring neverfails Lambert BWL 70:23 (Theodicy).

qatf 2bd) other occs.: mimm bz'ti iudti i-qat-

ti (var. i-SU-UR) the wealth of that housewill come to an end Boissier DA 1:12, var.from KAR 376 r. 11, cf. NfG.NAM-u? TIL CT39 7 K.3900:1 (Alu); nissatu i-qat-ti KAR 206i 12; amelu i imdtma bissu ina bikiti i-qat-ti that man will die (and) his estatewill come to an end in mourning KAR423 ii 65 (SB ext.); kima ab-ra alaktau TIL-?i(iqtat2 or uqtattl) when the blaze in thebrushwood pile has burned out 4R 55 No.2:18, see Ebeling, ArOr 17/1 187; the singerizammur i-qa-ta BBRNo. 60:33; [x (x)] KURla i-qat-tu-u ana dur ddr [...] that willnever end Gilg. VII iii 7.

2. to perish - a) with napi4tu: PNa in uwi muhhuu la iq-tu-u naplSte

PN who was wounded by an arrow but didnot die (immediately) Streck Asb. 314 6:2,parallel AfO 8 182 ii 4 (Asb.); ina ungi u ububtinapi4tuS liq-ti BBSt. No. 36 vi 53 (NB), cf.ina 6atti4u napiStalu iq-ti Piepkorn Asb. 60iv 58; terra kunndt ana qa-tu-u napilte(the woman in labor) is (too) tenderly at-tached to the child, to the point of endingher life (rather than delivering) Iraq 3131:35 and 52; note with napitu as subject:ina bubuti napidtu[Sunu] qa-ta-a theirlives ended through starvation BE 17 96:9(MB let.); on the day you bore me I shouldhave stayed in your womb [n]a(?)-[p]i(?) -ta-ni lu iq-[tul-ma lu nimut it-[ti]rfa-ha-m[iS(?)] our life should have cometo an end, we should have died togetherCagni Erra IV 90; ina ta-[ni-hu] diliptunapitakunu liq-ti by woe (and) sleepless-ness may your life end Wiseman Treaties 487;ina zdbi u hdli u'a a'a iq-ta-ti napituS(the enemy king's) life trickled woefullyaway AAA 20 pl. 97 (p. 89):161 (Asb.).

b) other occs.: kima m nddi ina tikiliq-tu- may they come to an end, likewater from a waterskin, by dripping MaqluI 118, cf. [n]apiltalunu kma md nddi liq-

[ti] AfO 18 294:77; ina nifi u mdmzt tu-qat-ta-in-ni ina nili u mdmit pagarkunu

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qatfi 3aliq-ti you strive to put an end to me byoath and curse, may you yourselves cometo an end by oath and curse Maqlu V 72,cf. §unu liq-tu-i-ma andku lum'id MaqluII 95, cf. la a-qat-ti OECT 6 pl. 13 K.3515r. 7; [amel]utu u dipir ibbani iteni i-qat-t[i] (whatever men do does not lastforever) men and their achievements alikecome to an end Lambert BWL 108:10; ina[ni]ziqti i-qat-ti he will perish in miseryCT 28 27 r. 39 (physiogn.); ina laliu i-qat-tiDream-book 323:y+15; adi umi iuti §a baltaliq-ti-ma may he perish after a life ofbut a few (more) days BBSt. No. 5 iii 40(MB); ina ihhat §iri liq-ta-a zumurfu mayhe (lit. his body) come to an end bywasting away VAS 1 37 v 44 (NB kudurru);the king of Elam a. .. . ina tdanhi iq-tu-uizibu Piepkorn Asb. 60 iv 56; lilmad §arrubelZ inima iqabat far GN kali mdtdti qi-ti-ti the king, my lord, should know thatthe king of Hatti has conquered all lands,(and) I am finished (WSem. passive?)EA 75:37; ul ina libbila itti bit belikd qa-ta-a-ta will you not perish accordingly (?),along with the house of your lord? ABL290:19; ana libbila re-e$-su itti bitdtini qa-ta-a-ni accordingly (?) for the first time (?)we are perishing, together with our housesABL 1241+ r. 2, see Dietrich Aramaer 200 No. 156,cf. Sarru belija idi ki GN iq-tu-ma LaJPuqudu ina qaqqarilunu abu the king,my lord, knows that the Bit-Amuikanitribe has vanished and that the Puquduare (now) settled in their territory ABL275 r. 9 (all NB); umma §erru ina nikiptiSin qerbulu purrudu u qa-tu-um-ma i-qat-ti if the baby's intestines are disturbedby an "attack of Sin" and it is wastingaway Labat TDP 222:42.

3. to become completed, finished,settled - a) work, manufactured objects:nadappu kaspi 'a ki la qa-tu- itein nalaprpu kaspi land ana elSeu kiniStu ittifunulilkunu since the silver nalappu bowlhas not (yet) been completed, the kinitucollegium should provide them with

qatl 3canother silver nadappu bowl for the elle ufestival YOS 3 51:14 (NB let.); um [ip]ri iiiudti i-qat-tu-u when the (repair) work

on this (statue of the) god is completedTuL p. 111:21, cf. adi lipri ili Sudti i-qat-tu-uibid. 19, adi bit iii Sudti i-rqat-tul- RAcc.44 r. 11; note: 40 qaqqar inapanattua iherradi muhhi umu 'a ul iq-tu(!) they weredigging forty (measures of) terrain beforeI came (and) to this day it is still notfinished YOS 3 19:7; as for our work ahualiqbma liq-tu-u BIN 1 50:24 (NB let.).

b) tablets, literary compositions: [1] e'dni qa-tu-u the tablets are finished ABL1340:11 (NB); AL.TIL completed Ai. VI iv55 (colophon), NU AL.TIL TCL 6 4 r. 16, andpassim in colophons, see Hunger Kolophone 172s.v., wr. AL.TIL.LA SBH p. 102 No. 54 r. 49,wr. qa-ti KBo 1 3 r. 46, KUB 3 1:19, VAS 12193 r. 29, as Akkadogram in Hitt.: QA-TIKBo 6 6 subscript, KUB 21 29 iv 17, KUB 30 50r. v 14, 18, and passim, U-UL QA-TI KUB 30 42i 4; din4u ul fqal-ti u ul latir (see dinumng. 2) SPAW 1889 828 (pl. 7) iii 1, see Lands-berger, Symb. Koschaker 224 n. 23; referring toliterary compositions: note, wr. AL.TIJRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 9 iv 3, vi 32, CT 15 3 i 2,NU.TI ibid. 2 viii 11.

c) accounts, lawsuits: Dt-u nikkassz§a idi kurummati §a PN u PN2 a adi qtMN itti PN3 qa-tu-u the rendering of theaccounts (construed as pl.) for wages andfood allowances of PN and PN2, up to theend of MN, is settled with PN3 VAS 6 181:5;epi nikkassz Sa suluppz. . . itti PN qa-tu-uVAS 3 40:7, epiS nikkassiunu itti ahdmeqa-tu-u Nbn. 838:9, cf. TuM 2-3 127:8, BIN 1122:5, TCL 13 160:11, CT 22 238:6, 239:4, epuSnikkassi . . itti ahdme4ul qa-tu-u Moldenke28:9 (coll. L. Hartman), also Nbk. 254:6, Dar.426:13, and passim in NB replacing gamdru;mehassunu a biti itti ahdmel qa-ta-a-tiBE 8 115:45 (NB); ina pani dajdni akannadibbi'unu li-iq-tu-' let their lawsuit besettled here, before the judges CT 22210:21 (NB let.); dibbiunu itti ahmeA qa-tu-d their lawsuit is settled by mutual

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(agreement) TCL 12 115:6, dibbi~unu §abiti itti ahdmed qa-tu-u Cyr. 128:24, alsoTCL 13 159:17, Evetts Ev.-M. 7:8, ZA 3 224:19,Dar. 260:15, and passim in NB, cf. adi muhhi§a dibbi ... i-qdt-tu-ma AJSL 27 216 RCT12:10; dib-bi ul i-qat-tu-u (in obscurecontext) TCL 6 11:11 (astron.).

4. qutt to finish, to complete, tobring to an end, to go to the end of aperiod of time, a course, to settle, to payin full - a) to finish an object, a building,to complete work - 1' in gen.: the temple.a ipi tam ukluluma umm&nitam qz-ut-tu-u that was constructed with perfectworkmanship, completed with masterlyskill Syria 32 15 iv 7 (Jahdunlim); let thecarpenters go dalassunu li-qa-a[t-tu] -UARMT 13 40:10; adi muhhi SIG4.AL.TR.RAu-qat-tu-u until he has finished (making)the bricks (he must not go elsewhere)BRM 1 33:7, cf. bdbdni gabbi ... i-qat-tl VAS 5 117:14 (both NB); adi qt Sa MNattadd ... i -qa-at-tu-u by the end ofMN they will have completed the spill-way(?) Nbn. 553:13, itteme ki adiuD.8.KAMa MN al<la>kamma su.x.x.MA u-qa-tu-u

Dar. 229:6; halldtu qu-ta-' finish (thework on) the baskets BIN 1 45:19 (NBlet.); ultu ipri ekallija u-qat-tu-u afterI completed the construction of my palaceOIP 2 116 viii 65, parallel ibid. 98:91, 125:49(Senn.), cf. §umma . .. la u-qat-tu-u lipirla(oath) ibid. 81:26, ultu §ipir dli u .GAL.ME § -ia i-qat-tu(var. -tu) -i Lyon Sar. 18:98;ultu Sipri biti dtu agmuruma u-qa-tu-uipira when I had finished the construc-

tion of that temple and completed work onit Borger Esarh. 72:32, cf. [ultu. . .] iggamruu-qat-tu-u her2ssa OIP 2 81:26 (Senn.); ultu6ukutt unammiruma i-qat-tu-u 6ipri afterhe (the Fire god) had made my jewelrygleam again, had finished the work I(commissioned him to do) Cagni Erra I 142;Sipir Esagil a zdra la ?-qa-at-tu-t andckuu;aklil the work on Esagil which myfather had not finished, I myself com-pleted Streck Asb. 246:57, also ibid. 226:8,

qati 4a240 No. 5:8; ana muhhi qu-ut-ti-i a Ebabbarconcerning the completion of EbabbarYOS 3 161:15 (NB let.); Jumma epe biti qi-ut-tu-ma CT 38 12:72 (SB Alu); ina nimrikaDUMU L(.ENGAR i-qa-ta-a za-ru-[su] byyour light (addressing the moon) thefarmer finishes his sowing Ebeling Par-fimrez. pl. 49:21; epram aapdka abta inimatu-qa-at-ta-a mamma qaqqarru lisbat startpiling up the earthen ramp, when youhave finished, each should take up hisstation KBo 1 11 obv.(!) 17, see ZA 44 116;maddatta ki i-qa-tu-u attadin when Ifinished the work assignment, I deliveredit BE 17 27:28 (MB let.); [ip]ra ul tu-qa-ta-' UET 4 183:7 (NB let.); abalu lindl ittabu li-qat-te [um]mau Epite ilkari li-qat-ta-a ilkaria may his (the baby's) fatherlie down (and) finish his sleep, may hismother, who performs the task, finish hertask KAR 114:10f., see Ebeling, MAOG 5/3 9;[adi] dullau u-qat-tu-u PN §issinnu ulinandau PN will not give him (the gar-dener) the dates as his compensationbefore he has finished all his work VAS 612:6 (NB); ki a dullani nu-uq-ta-at-tu-uas soon as we have finished our workLandsberger Brief 9:48, cf. ina panTlu atte:merka adi ina panija u-qat-tu-i(text -RI)allakamma ibid. 8:8, ana muhhi dulla a . ..ammerk dulla uq-te-t[u .. .] ABL 968:11(both NB), cf. dullaka numarku qibima dul=laka qutUt-tu (I hear that) your work islagging, give orders that your work be (?)finished PSBA 18 pl. 1 (after p. 255) 81-11-3,478iv 3 (school tablet); uncert.: ittilu ul adabbuana UD.16.KAM ittiu i-qa-at qalla Sabelija limurma minu ki i-qa-at ana belijalu-u-pur-ru (obscure, for uqatta?, textcontains many errors) CT 22 138:15 and 18(NB let.).

2' in hendiadys: ultu ekurru udtuuSaklilu i-qat-tu-u agmura 6ipirdu after Ihad completely built this sanctuary (and)finished the work on it Thompson Esarh.pl. 16 iii 31 (Asb.); adi kura tuq-te-et-tu-matiteplu as soon as you have completely

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qatii 4bfinished building the kiln Oppenheim Glass32 A:3, dupls. B:4 and C:2; adi qt MN a-qa-

at-tam-ma iherri before the end of MNhe will complete digging up (the field forirrigation) VAS 5 49:22, cf. zeru gabbi u-qa-te-e-ma iherrima ibid. 26:19, zeru gabbiiherrema u-qat-ta Dar. 273:19, iherremau-qdt-te-e-ma Dar. 316:15; SIG4.HI.A i-qdt-te-e-ma ilabbin he will finish making thebricks 82-7-14,155:7; adi muhhi §a neberuu-qat-tu- zbiruni until they have com-pletely crossed to this side ABL 520:23;lu-qat-ti-ma ana 6arri belija luddin I willdeliver the finished (decorations) to theking, my lord ABL 498:25, cf. ultu s8t6ami adi ereb §ami lu-qat-tu-ma ana 6arribelija liddinu may (the gods) give theking, my lord, complete (dominion over)the world (lit. from east to west) ABL277:9 (all NB).

b) to bring (a ritual, an incantation) toan end: kima takpirdti tuq-te-et-tu-u assoon as you have finished the purificationrites BBR No. 26 ii 3, also ibid. i 19; la i-qa-at-ti ensi sir[qlu] the diviner must notcomplete the libations for him AfO 1953:164 (SB lit.); note in hendiadys: 6iptaili ul ide tu-qat-ta-ma tadabbub you recitethe incantation "My god I do not know"to its very end KAR 90 r. 6.

c) to go to the end of a period oftime, a course: ina (text ana) hu i u hZplibbi li-qat-ta-a MU.AN.NA.ME - a mayshe (the sorceress) finish her life (lit.years) in woe and heartbreak (parallel:lubil imna live out her days) 4R 59 No. 1r. 16; adi arha a alddi ugettequma [. . .] -dla i-da-'-ip MN u-qa-ta-ma ullad untilshe lets the month of birthgiving go byshe must not .... her [. . .], she will givebirth by the end of the month of NisannuKAR 223 r. 12 (SB inc.); imia ina qu-ut-ti-i (var. mull) arhSa ina ga-ma-ri whenshe has ended her days (of pregnancy),when she has finished her months KocherBAM 248 iii 20, dupl. AMT 67,1 iii 10, var. fromIraq 31 31:56; note: 1-en GUD bzri a ina

qatif 4elibbi immalladu 2-i tu-u-qa-ti-ma ... ib=bakka when a bull calf is born (to theheifer that was sold), she (the heifer) willhave to bring to term a second (calf) andonly then may he (the owner) take itDar. 257:7; Mercury ume6u TIL-ma inaadannitu... NU IGI K.12646:11; [... inaMU.A]N.NA 12 lumJadi -qdt-ta ina arhiiten MUL lumaS umajSar [the sun] com-pletes in one year (its course through)the twelve signs of the zodiac, each monthit leaves one sign of the zodiac behindTCL 6 20:13, see Hunger, ZA 66 238; §ummaMUL.SAG.ME.GAR ultu MtJL.NAGAR nishuularrema adi MUL.UR.RA u-qat-[ti] ifJupiter starts the .... in Cancer andends (it) by Leo Hunger Uruk 94:29; umma... ina bardriti KI.MIN ina 6aturri SAR-ma u-qat-ti-ma izku if (the moon) starts(its eclipse) in the evening watch, variant:morning watch, and, ending (it), clearsup ACh Sin 33:28; ina ,abdt libbi u la tubSri ramani uq-ta-at-ti I have ended my

life (lit. self) through anguish and illhealth Schollmeyer No. 18:17; note in 11/3:An... likkelmiuma iditta4u lissuh 6arrus=su ina tdnihim li-iq-ta-at-ti may Anulook with disfavor upon him and uproothis foundations so that he end his reignin sorrow ZA 68 116:75 (Takil-ilil u).

d) to settle an account, a lawsuit:nikkassa4u qu-ut-ti settle his accountABIM 20:55 (OB let.); itu dinfu tu-qd-da-lwhen you settle the lawsuit with himPBS 1/2 1:5 (early OB let.), cf. dibbiu ittiPN u-qa-at-ta TuM 2-3 213:6, Nbk. 379:4,wr. u-qdt-ta Cyr. 349:8, Dar. 159:14 (all NB).

e) to pay, deliver in full: irbi S& Ja... inaddinu qu-ut-ti-a-a[m] deliver tome in full the income in barley that hedelivers Kraus AbB 1 6:36; aSSum bilateqlija a []addaqda la i-qd-at-ti-a sincehe did not pay in full the rent for my fieldfor the last year CT 4 28:7, cf. (the rentof the field) M[U.3.KA]M i-qd-ti-ma PBS8/2 228:14; uim tuppi irdtim iSafttaru 6ittiriksiunu i-qd-at-tu- when the sales

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qatf 5adocument is written they will pay in fullthe balance due according to the contract(for parallels see gamdru v. mng. 3c)TCL 1 221:20 (all OB); rihit §E.NUMUN adiqt MN PN u-qa-tu-ma ana PN2 umalla PNwill pay the rest of the seed barley in fullto PN2 before the end of the month ofBabatu Dar. 388:8, TuM 2-3 161:25 (NB), cf.u-qdt-tu-u... inandin Nbn. 373:8; uncert.:5 limi u 6 mdti bappirana qu-ut-ti-i nadnu5,600 beer breads given in full dischargeof the obligation HSS 13 28:4 (Nuzi).

5. qutti to use up, to end - a) to useup, to exhaust: me ... ana PN erreisuittassunutu ana muhhi aa §E.NUMUN-Auu-qa-tu-u m& mamma ul ittannuu heallotted the water to PN, his tenant farmer,since he used up(?) (the water for) hisfield, no one gave him any (more) waterBIN 1 44:14 (NB let.); ki mimmu gabbi lau-qa-at-tu-u (by 8amag) they have usedup all (the food allowance) YOS 3 21:32;kima riksu ittuhu NfG.NA PAD-SU TIL-tiwhen the offering arrangement has beenmade ready and the censer has exhaustedits portion (of incense) Or. NS 36 34:11(SB namburbi), parallel LKA 123:10, 132:5, RA 1822 i 8, also [kima KE§DA ittuhu] rNfIG.NAPAD-SU uq-ta-[at-tu-u] AMT 7,8:13, alsokima ... nignakku ... [...] (text: hzpieSu) uq-ta-tu-u 4R 25 ii 16; eliina abkiu-qd-at-ti dimmatiina qeriSin I wept overthem, I exhausted my moans over themLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 96 III iv 11; u-qe-tii-si-ta-ni (obscure) Tn.-Epic "ii" 20.

b) to end sleep: [Sit]tu ... eliu imqut[ina] qabliti JittaSu -qat-ti sleep cameover him, in the middle watch of the nighthe woke up (lit. ended his sleep) Gilg. Viv 8; [i]na tazzimtiSina ina majdli ul u-qat-ta 0itta due to their lamentation he cannotfinish (his) sleep on his bed STC 2 pi. 73i 11 (SB lit.); ina majal mitim ul i-qa-at-ta-a litti (tbti upon the bed at night Icould not get my fill of sweet sleep OECT1 pi. 25 ii 21 (Nbn.); see also KAR 114:10,

qatfi 6acited mng. 4a-1', and 4R 20 No. 1:7f., inlex. section.

c) other occs.: iten akala itti pappasiul u-qd-at-ti she (the patient) did notfinish (eating) a single piece of bread withgruel BE 17 33:9 (MB let.); RN amata [i].tupiu ul u-qd-at-ta(m) Sarru-kin uhtapparadlu Nurdaggal could scarcely finishuttering his reply when Sargon sur-rounded his city VAS 12 193 r. 8 (ar tamhdri).

6. qutt to destroy, put an end to -a) a country, a people, persons: KURDINGIR.MEA-ad u-qat-tu-li its gods willdestroy the country ACh Adad 35:47, cf.LUGAL KUR.KUR i-qat-ti Thompson Rep.172 r. 4, also ZA 52 248:62; ina nii u mdmttu-qat-ta-in-ni ina nii u mdmitpagarkunuliq-ti (see mng. 2b) Maqlu V 72, cf. Sin ...li-qat-ta-a pagarki Maqlu III 100; naka=ruteka i-qa-at-ta I will destroy yourenemies 4R 61 iv 50 (NA oracles); sittatnie. . . Adad ... ina urpat rihi u aban8am ui-qat-ti reha as for the rest of thepeople, Adad put an end to the remainderwith cloudbursts and hail TCL 3 147 (Sar.);note the spelling: Adad . . . ina sunqisugi huSahhi §a RN massu ni e mdtihu liq-qat-ti-ma may Adad put an end to theland of Mati'ilu and to the people of hisland through want, famine, and hungerAfO 8 25 iv 10 (AgAur-nirari V); LJ Puqidu inatibi Bit Amicdni arddni a §arri belijauq-te-et-tu-u in an uprising the Puquduhave brought an end to the Bit-Amikanitribe, the servants of the king, my lordABL 275:7; ina ddku u hubutdnu uq-ta-at-tu-na-a-di by murder and plunderingthey have ruined us (cf. qatani r. 2) ABL1241 r. 5; gabbi ndi u-qdt-te-e-ma inatukkdti [i] ddki he will ruin all of us, (andfinally) he will kill (us) through (his)calumnies ABL 1255 r. 18 (all NB), cf. u-qa-ta-an-ni (in broken context) PBS 1/279:17 (MB let.); note with sorrow as sub-ject: nissatu li-qat-ti-6u Hinke Kudurruiv 12.

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b) napitu: Sargon ga RN 6ar GN inapuluhtiu rabiti ina kakki ramaniu u-qat(var. -qa)-ta-a napiltu in great fearof whom Ursa, the king of Urartu, broughthis life to an end with his own weaponLyon Sar. 5:27, cf. ina qdte ramaniu inapatri parzilli 6ibbiSu napitau ?-qat-tiWinckler Sar. pl. 33:77, cf. also Lie Sar. 165;ina patri parzilli hanti miqit ildti huahhilipit Irra u-qdt-ta-a napSassun with thequick iron dagger, conflagration, famine,(and) pestilence I will bring their life toan end Streck Asb. 32 iii 126, cf. AfO 3 154:12(AAAur-dan II); the lion I wounded with anarrow [na]piltalu ul [i]-q[dt]-ti StreckAsb. 308 6:2.

c) other occs.: makisku uq-tal-at-tu-udumuq Iereiu the skins (he was wearing)had hidden the beauty of his body Gilg.XI 238; [ultu d]unni qigdtu uwdmma NUu-qat-ti-ma x [.. .] (the fever) came outfrom the depths of the forests but it(?)did not consume [. .. ] LKU 59:9 (fire inc.);bel nagbi u tdmdte BE -u (to be read mu.qattu, muness, or peti) tu-qu-[un-ti] KAR26:14, restored from Rm. 2,171:16.

7. II/2 to be finished, completed(passive to mng. 4): kima e'um mereSdlim ina e-?e-di uq-ta-ta-at-tu-u abulgama4 petiama adi §e'um meres dlim uq-ta-at-tu-u dajdn gi§ibama a[n]a abullimn[a] drim l[a] igg~ when the harvestingof the barley planted by the city isfinished, open (pl.) the gate of (the templeof) 8ama§ and, until the barley plantedby the city is completely brought in,have the judges be present, and theyshould not be careless about watching thegate TCL 1 8:14 and 16 (OB royal let.); um(uppi Simat eqlim i4 atfaruma ikkannakuI.tdt rikse uq-ta-at-ta-um when the salesdeed for the field is written and sealed, theremainder of the (amount stipulated inthe) contract will be paid to him in fullRA 69 114:11 (OB); bitu IA ul uq-ta-at-tuutaklal this house will not be completelyfinished, (variant:) will be completed

qituLabat Calendrier § 1:13; dibbz §a PN uq-ta-at-ta PN's claim will be settled Yos 3109:22 (NB let.).

8. Juqt to bring to an end: DN .u;

kuttala ui-aq-ti Belili completed heradornment CT 15 48 r. 26 (Descent of Ihtar),see von Soden, ZA 58 193:131; um warhi§andt paleu ina tdnehim u dimmatim li-6a-aq-ti may he (Sin) make him (theking) end every day, month, and year ofhis reign in sighing and mourning CHxliii 56; 4 puhsa rimdni dannite ... na:pigtasunu i-eq-ti I put an end to thelives of four powerful wild bulls (with mybow and arrows) AKA 85 vi 67 (Tigl. I);[u§J-tag-mir kullat mimma SumSu [m]i-si-ma-mi u-taq-ti u kalama ihmum she(?)encompassed everything, brought to com-pletion (?) .... and gathered all 8arrat-

Nippuri hymn iii 38 (courtesy W. G. Lambert).

9. §utaqt to bring to fulfillment,completion: ulu 5a arddti mimma lumSuul-taq-ta-a she (Antu) brought me thepleasures of girls in full measure Or. NS36 124:141 (SB hymn to Gula); nereb kiqi§a ul(var. uS)-taq-tu-u iqpSu Enlil JCS31 80 iii 5 (SB Epic of Zu); [. . . tu-u4]-ta-aq-ti narbiam (in broken context) JRASCent. Supp. pl. 7 ii 11 (OB lit.).

In Labat TDP 168:104 DI uq-ta-td isprobably best taken as a new protasisand not, with Labat, ibid. n. 290, as con-tinuing the apodosis of the precedingline, murussu sili'ti UD.1.KAM. The signsmay also be read uk-ta-par, uk-ta-tam,etc.

In Or. 23 214:14 (= KBo 1 12 r. 14) read lig:geltd, see nagalti.

qatf see katu adj.

qatu s. fern.; 1. hand, 2. paw, 3. handle,4. self, person, 5. power of gods, 6.authority, possession, custody, charge,care, control, jurisdiction, 7. in construc-tion with verbs, 8. in idiomatic uses,

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9. in adverbial use, 10. handiwork,workmanship, 11. one of several equalparts, 12. share, 13. item, 14. list,15. (a unit of measure), 16. qdtum,§a qdtim normal quality, current quality,loose amounts; from OAkk. on; pl. (inmngs. 11, 12, 13, 15) qdtdtu, dual qdtd(n)(ana §a qd-ti-e PN KTS 23:34, ICK 1 119:8,OA), note the reduplicated (locative) qa-tu-qa-tu-us-su-un (see abdtumng. 9a-1)Gilg. III i 19; wr. syll. (ka-ti Edzard Tell ed-Der142:9, for qd-ti, qd-at in later texts cf. AMT52,1:6, Dar. 206:9,321:16) and §U, §u n (uzU.§U Dream-book 315:25f., EA 129:10, and passimin EA), exceptionally §U.DUs.A (YOS 13364:5, cf. 311:6), in colophons also GI§,see mng. 10; cf. i, qdti, qdt sibitti, qd:tamma, qdtaqdti, qdtdtu, qdtdtu in amilqdtdti, qdtdtu in bel qdtdti, qdtdtu in rabqdtdti, qdtdtu in 5a qdtdti, qdtima, qdtu inbel qdti, qdtu in bit qdti, qtu in §a bitqdti, qdtu in §a pan bit qdti, qdtu in aqdti, qdtu in 6dt qdti, db qgte, gcbit qdte.

Au-u Au = qd-a-tum Sb II 23; [Au-u] [Au] =qa-[tum] Ea VI Section B 1; Augqdtum Nigga 280;Au, r u.du 8.al = qa-a-tum, Au.dug.a.ni = qa-as-su (followed by qdttu, q.v.) Hh. II 94ff.; i[u] =qd-tum Nigga Bil. B 120; Au.mu = qd-a-ti UgumuBil. Section D 22; giA.hur. u.mu = u4-t-ra-atqd-ti-ia, [Ai]. u.mu = li-bil qd-ti-ia, sa. Au.mu =fe-er-hal-an qd-ti-ia, umbin.Au.mu = ,i-pu-urqd-ti-ia ibid. 28 ff.; utr. u = if-di qa-ti AntagalD 171; [A]u.zu.hu.ul = qd-tum 8d-hi-il-t[um]Nigga Bil. B 188, also (rubu'tu, kabittu, qallatu,haruptu) ibid. 190ff., (wata[rtu]) ibid. 179, (bi'itu)ibid. 215, Nigga Bil. A v 6, F ul.pe6 = qd-tumwu---um Nigga Bil. B 220, (with broken equi-valents) ibid. 180f., 237f., (ebbetu) Nigga Bil. A v 5,(ettu) ibid. 10; [Au]. ilig = u K -tum, [AU].nig.gig = Au maruitu Antagal C 240 and 242;A[u.A]ag 5s.ag 5 = [qd-t]a-an dam-q[d-tum], Au.Ailig.ga = qd-ta-an na-am-r[a-tum], Au.rsulugl.ga = qd-ta-an na-am-r[a-tum], Au.[gall.gal = qd-ta-an ra-ab-b[i-a-tum], rful.tur.tur = qd-ta-an.i-ih-hi-r[e-tum] Nigga Bil. B 183ff.; [til] [ti-il(pronunciation)] = qa-a-du = (Hitt.) Au-[al] IziBogh. B r. 11; Au.gir.l6.e = u" u OIR" u.-qu-la-ti Antagal E b 10; Au an.tAl = qd-ta-am pe-te,Au.ni al.fl = qd-ta-u za-an-bi-la OBGT III 170f.;[l6.6u.dim 4.bad] = [Ja] qd-sipa-ti-a-at OB LuA317; Au.ka.ta.si.a = qd-at(var. -a)-su pi-Iu ka-al-da-at, Au.rzabar.el.[du 7] = [qd]-tum Sa qd-e[w]a-ds-ma-at Nigga Bil. A v 7 f., var. from B 216;

qatu laAu.ne.n[e] = [qa-as]-su-[nu], Au.ne.ne Au bi.in. ti. e [A] = [MIN il] -qu-[u] they have taken theirshares Ai. II ii 47f., cf. ibid. 49, also Au.ne.neA. akm = MIN iS-ta-a-[at] ibid. 50.

A = qd-tum MSL 2 143 i 15 (Proto-Ea); [pa-a][PA] = i-u, qa-tum A I/7 Section B ii 7 f.; [gi-ig] Goi = qa-a-t, i-qu Idu II 184f., also (broken)A IV/3:254; ti-bi-ir TAG, TAGX§U, TAGXUD(textERIN), TAGXKU, TAGXGUD(text BI) = rit-tum, qa-tum A V/1:252-61, si-lig TAGXUD = rit-tum, qa-tum ibid. 262 f.; i u = qd-tum A II/4:28.

giA.na 5 . Au = [d qa-ti] (var. pit-ni qa-tum) Hh.IV 61a; [gi]A.bal.tur.ra = §d qu qd-tim (seequ A) Hh. VI 24; Ae.nig.Au = MIN (= e-im) qa-tiHh. II 113; giA.giAimmar.nig.Au = a qa-a-tiHh. III 322; for other objects qualified as (Sa)qdti see akkullu, erf2 B, gizallu, immeru, kakku,kuss , lahannu, littu, marru s., nappdhu, pitnu,semeru, supinnu, takaltu; [. .. ] = [ka-id-Ju] id AuNabnitu S 12; see also kepu, sandqu, apd.

gil.ma.nu Au.ak.a = Sd ina qa-a-te qdl-pu-e'ru wood peeled by hand Hh. III 163; Au.muh6.en.sikil.la : qa-ta-a-a lu ella may my handsbe pure BiOr 30 171 iv 36, cf. Au ku.ga.na :ina AU-Sd Kt-ti AMT 11,1 iv 28f., cf. also urpuV-VI 162f., RAcc. 26:15f., CT 17 22:132f., [xAu].sikil.la z6e.m.ma. [...] : [be]-li 9d qd-timel-le-tim in-na-[...] Langdon BL 194 r. 24 (= ZA29 199), and passim; Au bar mu.un.ba.x.te.tema.ra <... > : qd-tum [sa-hi]-il-tum jdti <...> apricking hand has ... .-ed me OECT 6 pl. 21:13 f.;Au.ne.ne Au.a.ni.ta ... ba.ra.an.te.gA.e.d6 : qa-ti-d-nu ana qa-ti-4. ... aj i4kunu let them(the demons) not place their hands on his hand(their feet on his foot) ASKT p. 90-91:68, cf. CT16 11 vi 7f., 16 vi 7f., JTVI 26 154 ii 3f., seeLackenbacher, RA 65 126, and passim; rab(textgab).ra.ra Au kuiA...e.de : ina qa-ti-id Sa inarappi uinuha (see anahu A lex. section) OECT 6pl. 19:13f.; Au.bi Ai.in.Aid.da : qa-tu[I-Jupaqid] CRRA 19 436:30; [A]u.mu gid.mu Auim.mi.si.[si] : [qd-a]t-ta-ia i-Sa-ad-d[a-di] ziu-ta-Sa my hands became weary(?) from pullingVAS 10 179:9f. (OB); urt.zu hul.de.6m Au ur.ra. a mi. ni. [...] : dlka lemniJ ana qa-at nakritu-x-[...] SBH p. 119 No. 67 r. 9f.; for other bil.refs. see mngs. la-2', le-1', 4a, and e'elu lex.section, elepu mng. la, emedu lex. section, e.elulex. section, kasi2 A v. lex. section, lu' adj., nalfA v. lex. section.

kinkimmu = iJdi AUII.ME§ Malku IV 224.d.Su-lak Sa iqb / Bu / qa-tum 1/ LA / la-a //

KO // el-lu Hunger Uruk 47:4; Au (gloss) zu-ru-uh EA 287:27, 288:34; ina u-ti-Ju I ba-di-uEA 245:35; A // qa-ti PBS 10/4 12 iv 7.

1. hand - a) physical characteristics,gestures - 1' in physiogn., Izbu, and

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qitu lamed.: Jumma awilum hadli almutim pa:niue irassu [1]ibbalu qd-ta-Ju gipdJumithdri4 mali if a man is full of blackmoles all over his face, chest, belly, hands,and feet AfO 18 66 iii 9 (OB), cf. (if a mole)ina qabal qd-ti awflim a imittim [GAR]YOS 10 55 r. 4 (OB physiogn.), and passim; if awoman gives birth and §u-su i4tiat it(the child) has (only) one hand LeichtyIzbu III 47, cf. 4 9U.ME§-6i ibid. II 25 andpassim, also &ep u u 9U.ME9-ti kima araqqi its feet and hands are like a turtle'sibid. III 89; gumma sinnitu qd-ti ulid ibid.I 37; if a woman is sick and u"-§d inaqaqqadi a aknama la urradani her handslie on her head and do not come downLabat TDP 214:11, cf. AU-8U u aqqa he liftshis hand ibid. 188:6, also AMT 77,1 i 3; qd-ta-a-guu IepJdu kagia his hands andfeet are cold TLB 2 21:4 (OB diagn.), andpassim with various symptoms in med., seeakalu, ak, ebetu, kandnu, paldJu, qaldlu,ra'dbu, gamdmu, tardru, etc.; 16 stonecharms fimmat 8a §u umeli againstparalysis of the left hand BE 31 60 r. i 10,cf. ibid. 16.

2' in other texts: [Summa] amelu u 1-id kilattdn zu-qat-su ukalla if both a man's

hands hold his chin CT 39 40 r. 41, cf.Summa ... u-su ina pi u parkat CT 3821:15 (both SB Alu); (demon) 9u nu.tukgir nu.tuk : a qd-ta la ilc yep la iiuCT 17 29: 11f.; the demon has a bull's head4 gu" epa L1T.ME§ ZA 43 16 r. 46; qa-tiu gipiz alimmu I (Nabonidus' mother)have sound hands and feet VAB 4 292 ii 31,parallel AnSt 8 50 ii 30; ubdn 4arrim a qd-ti-Su imarra4 the king's finger will becomediseased YOS 10 24:37 (OB ext.); if a manawilam ... iskimma -v-su iMtebir knocksdown(?) another and breaks his handGoetze LE § 44 A iii 37; LtY.ME ana qa-ti-qanadnu uur ka-du-qa lu la inakkisu themen were handed over to you, guard(them) lest they (the authorities) cut offyour hands HSS 14 14:25 (Nuzi let.); igsmilima Nergal irmd qd-ta-a-6u when

qtu lbNergal heard her (Eregkigal's, pleading),his hold (lit. hands) relaxed EA 357:81(Nergal and Eretkigal); Tepdka la issanammdla inarrua UII.ME§-ka (see nardtu mng.lb) Craig ABRT 1 5:8 (NA oracles for Asb.),see also ra'dbu; qa-ta-a-a lu kuzbu (seekuzbu usage f) PSBA 23 120 r. 2 (SB lit.),see ZA 32 174:49 and RA 49 182:3; a statue ofArgiiti §u" imittilu kdribat making agesture of blessing with his right handTCL 3 402 (Sar.).

b) with ref. to activities and ritualscarried out with the hands - 1' in gen.:ina hep& bitiSu vu"-6u di-da Izruba (seeerebu mng. 1 a-3 'c') BBSt. No. 6 ii 58 (Nbk. I);a footman is on duty (at the banquet)sri .. . ina §u-di whisk in hand MVAG41/3 62 ii 22 (NA royal rit.), and passim in thistext, cf. I sent two of my officers kunukkuina vu"-i-nu ABL 138:8 (NA), cf. alsokaspu ma'du ina uSv"-S-nu nagini ABL336:5 (NB), cf. ABL 458:9 (NB); 2 ?alam bini... ina ~UI-ka tanaM'zma KAR 80:11, cf.AMT 55,4:5, and passim in rit., see also naSimngs. la, Ib, 2a-2', and 7a; qalta ...ina u"-Ai tuSaqbassu you have him holda bow (and arrows) in his hand Or. NS39 142:9 (namburbi), and see gabdtumngs. 7aand 1 c; me muti §u-ka aj iltapit (seelapdtu mng. 2c) Gilg. X iv 3; (the medica-tion) ina §u GoYB-i ilattima iballut hedrinks using his left hand and gets wellKiichler Beitr. pl. 3 iii 39, cf. [. . .] GI.IG inaSU-i GAR-ma Kf AMT 13,1 r. i 8; §U-SU. . . irakkasma he ties (red, blue, andcombed wool) around his hand 4R 25 ii 12,cf. also (colored threads) ina §u"- d uGIR-Az KE -8U Sm. 1301:8, also BE 31 60 ii11, NA4.§UBA A(!).ZI.DA ina §U" 15-itarakkas NA 4 .§UBA A.GOB.BU ina ~§u2,30-ii tarakkas RA 18 164:3; §A Kt-tigi/immari ... ina vu-ka tepettil you twistleaves(?) of a pure date palm into arope with your hand AMT 11,1 iv 8, cf.[. . . ina q] a-ti-ka tulappat AfO 12 143r. i 5, ina §u-ka tapallal AMT 64,1:7(= Kocher BAM 494 ii 15), and passim in rits.,

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qitu Icsee also gab mng. 2a; note in a technicaltext: ina qa-ti-ka (in broken context)Ebeling Parfiimrez. p. 23:22; with ramanu:ina Au" ramaniSu ... napitau uqattihe (Ursa) ended his life by his ownhand (with the dagger in his belt) Winck-ler Sar. pl. 33:77, cf. AfD 8 182:16 (Asb.),see also ramanu; note Sepka ina E.KUR u§U.ME§-ka [in]a irat ASSur ilika lu tabamay your steps in the temple and your actstoward your god A Aur be pleasing (ad-dressing the king) MVAG 41/3 12 ii 32 (MA rit.).

2' with ref. to washing or purifyingthe hands: ina pit bdbi ubbib gu[ -ka]purify your hands at the opening of thegate (ceremony) RAcc. 145:440, cf. ikribmar badr ina me KA-S u u uI-Su ulluluBBR No. 97 + K.3471 r. 7, ina m& pdcu §U"-iuimessi ibid. No. 75:17; mesd qa-ta-a-a AnBi12 283:35; for other refs. see mesa adj.,mesi v. lex. section and mng. la, misu A,musdtu; Esarhaddon Sa9uIi-d ella BorgerEsarh. 80:35, cf. Cagni Erra I 158, BMS 12:46;I made the first brick of Esagil inaSuI-id elleti 5R 66 i 10 (Antiochus I), cf.VAB 4 158 A vi 18 (Nbk.), cf. also (offeringsto be made) ina te-bibtu gu 1" RAcc. 79 r. 34;see also ellu adj. mng. 2, eleru mng. 7b;open the storehouse for wine PN kima aiddi qa-ti-§u lillilma ... liberma let PNpurify his hands as is proper (?) andselect (wine) ARM 10 131:7; m ana[§]u Marduk 6angi inai ZA 50 194:19(MA rit.), see also mi A mng. Ic.

c) as inscribed with the property markof the owner of a slave: PN LO.ARAD-SU au" imittiu ana lumi §a PN 2 3atrat PN 3

Lj.ARAD PN4 amtu naphar 2-ta atapir... . a u" imittiunu ana Sumi a PN 5afrat (he sold) PN, his slave, whose right

hand is inscribed with the name of PN2,(and) PN3, a slave, PN4 , a slave girl, inall two household slaves whose righthands are inscribed with the name of PN5(the seller) BRM 2 2:2 and 4, also ibid. 5:2,6:2, 10:2, 25:2, VAS 15 3:3, 20:2, TCL 13 248:2,VDI 1955/4 139 No. 1:4 (all Sel.).

qatu led) with ref. to objects, jewelry, man-

acles, worn or carried: 1 HAR KtT.GI 4 a qa-ti ilim one gold ring (with)four (coils?) for the hand of the deityRA 43 140:20 (Qatna inv.); for other refs. seesemeru; [x] NIG.§U.LUH.HA §u (parallel:iepi) EA 13 r. 24 (lists of gifts from Babylon);for manacles see birztu mng. 4b, i$ qdti,eibtu B mng. 7b, gi$qu; dIM ina kakki aqa-ti-§u lihbussu WisemanAlalakh 1:16; hattiqd-ti-ka leqe'amma take the staff into(lit. of) your hand (and come here) TCL18 89:8 (OB let.); see also hu(drtu A, kisu A,ziqpu.

e) referring to gods - 1' as beneficent:EN ahu ina muhhi ahija issakan md qa-tiina qa-ti-ka the lord (in my dream) puthis arm on my arm, saying: My hand isin your hand ABL 1021 r. 1 (NA); DN Au.fir.ra sikil.bi h .im.ma.an. ed 7.de : Gula ina me-lid qa-ti-6d ellete li4ap=

ihMu (see midu) urpu VII 73ff., cf. lir.kuska Ninkarrak ina rabbatim qd-ti-4a CT42 32:8 (OB inc.); see also damqu mng. 6,ellu adj. mng. 2, pahu; in personalnames: Ana-qd-ti-Samal-anattal CT 47 1laseal 3.

2' as maleficent - a' in gen.: inagU" Gula . . . murqu la pddu ina libbiuli-[ib-Si(?)] may an unremitting illness bein his body through the hand of GulaKAR 111 r. 8, see Hunger Kolophone No. 233, cf.LKA 76 r. 16, 109 r. 17, KAR 386 r. 50, STT40:47,256:46; dannat §u-ka dtamar IeretkaJNES 33 274:33, cf. qa-at DN elija dannatARM 10 87:18; kabtat u-su Lambert BWL48: 1 (Ludlul III), cf. the personal name § u.ni.al.dugud Biggs Al-Hiba 2 ii 3, 10 xi 1(Pre-Sar.), and see kabdtu mng. 2a; [q]a-ta (var. Au) a ili ana ameli babalu BMS11:15, see von Soden, Iraq 31 83; in per-sonal names: Amur-qd-sd PBS 11/1 7 i 14,30:3, 31 iii 1 (OB), Atamar-Su-sa PBS 2/253:16 (MB), uS-ASur-ioi Assur 2 103 MAH16154:2 (NA).

b' qdt ili, qdt DN a calamity, a specificillness - 1" qdt ili: ana marqim qd-ti

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qitu lei-lim for the sick person, (it means) itis the "hand of a god" CT 3 3:33 (OB oilomens); ina la alimti arnu hzu §u DINGIRBoissier DA 211 r. 7 (SB ext.); 1 quhdrum an:nikam qa-at DINGIR eli4u ibbal6i there isa boy here, the "hand of a god" is uponhim OBT Tell Rimah 65:14, cf. ibid. 9 and 17,cf. §u DINGIR-6U eliu ummuda<t) imdtLabat TDP 32:4; Summa ana §u DINGIRtepu adi im adanni iballut if you per-form (the extispicy) in regard to the "handof a god," he will live until the pre-determined time (after his time is up,he will die) CT 31 36 r. 8, cf. ana uDINGIR-lim-d eterilu (see eteru A mng.3b-1') KUB 4 56 i 12; §U DINGIR -2 (asdiagnosis) Labat TDP 112:15, and passim;§U DINGIR ikalassu KAR 395 r. ii 13 (SBphysiogn.), cf. KAR 212 ii 17, and passim, note§U DINGIR URU- U LabatTDP 104f. iii 23, 37,CT 39 49 r. 34, §U DINGIR rabbiti LabatTDP 186:3, emended from Hunger Uruk 37:3,§U DINGIR AD.A.NI Hunger Uruk 37:1, [luq]a-at DINGIR AN-e lu [...] PRT 59:3;§U DINGIR-ti Labat TDP 112:32, and seeilutu mng. Ib, see also nadru, Sudingisrakku.

2" qdt iMtari: umma . . . miqtu kima§U DINGIR imtanaqqussu U dINNIN ek.kemtu Labat TDP 220:27, cf. ibid. 28; U dl5Hunger Uruk 28:9, cf. CT 39 40:47, CT 40 36:33,Labat TDP 60:44ff., and passim, possibly tobe read 6uinninakku; ana §u dINNIN lazzinasdhi Kocher BAM 311:30, and see lazzu;see also itaru mng. Id, and note §udINNIN Itar ina ,ibsdti irteneddi u KI.MINItar ana damiqti iftene'e'u CT 40 36:38.

3" with named gods: u Adad LabatTDP 62:26, 82: 16, and passim; §U dDa-mu 116 i52, 120:44, 226:72; §U Ea 118 ii 18; §UEreSkigal 114 i 39; u Gula CT 38 45:19,Labat TDP 108:16, and passim; U IhfaraLabat TDP 98:48; §U Lugalbanda 76:65;§u Lugalgirra u Meslamtaea 76:58 and 65;§U DINGIR.MAH 222:50, 118 ii 18; §U Marsduk 76:51, 100 i 3, cf. §u Marduk arhi4ikallassu CT 38 33:15 (SB Alu); §U DINGIR

qitu le

MAA.TAB.BA Labat TDP 88 r. 7, 104 iii 13, 21,110 iv 26, 118 ii 17, 19, 126 iv 12, cf. inamatija vU-ti DINGIR MA§.MA§ EN-le-iagabba ameluta §a mdtia idik EA 35:13 (let.of the king of Alagia); AU [Nan... ina biriiaknalli] PRT 42:3, restored from KnudtzonGebete 103:3; §U Nergal Labat TDP 100 i 4,118 ii 21, but lipit §u Nergal 104 iii 10;§u dNin-getin-an-na 226:71, AMT 27,6:2;§U Ninurta Hunger Uruk 27 r. 17, also LabatTDP 66:68 and 73; §U Nusku ibid. 230:117,cf. GCCI 2 406:2; §U Papsukkal Labat TDP118 ii 18; §U DINGIR.IMIN.BI 104 iii 22; §USin 220:35, and passim, AMT 78,7:5, KAR211:22, LKU 58:3 (all SB med.), CT 20 48 iv 42(SB ext.); §U ama Labat TDP 116 ii 5, andpassim, note §u dUTU a4um kasap alirti100 i 5, cf. CT 23 13:8 and passim in med., CT38 26:46f., CT 20 48 iv 36, §U dUTU §Uikribidu Labat Suse 11 iii 5, note: AU dUTUU INNIN dUTU U dINNIN i-bu-ku-§u CT 4035:3; §U Sulak Labat TDP 108 iv 17, 118 ii 10;§u dUra(IB) 56:16; for a group of apod-oses with §U DN see Boissier DA 209f.,CT 38 31:3ff. and dupls. ibid. 26:44-47, 45:20ff.,also KAR 379, KAR 423 i 55-58, ii 9-12, 29f.,CT 20 6 Rm. 86:15-17.

4" with names of planets: u"I Dilbatmar dka ABL 203 r. 1 (NA); §U rulpaeaLabat TDP 108 iv 23; §U dUD.AL.TAR ibid.76:59, Hunger Uruk 37:21.

5" "hand" of demons and ghosts: seeahhdzu mng. 2, ardat lilt, etemmu mng.2c-1' and 2', kinunu mng. 3, kibu A mng.2b, lamatu mng. 2b, malku B, mdmitumng. 2a, rdbiu; Sa ... §U NAM.LT.Ux(GI§GAL).LU eliu bai2 BBR No. 11 ii 13,cf. AfO 18 290:14, KAR 26 r. 8, etc., possiblyto be read Sunamlullu(kku); §u bel uriLabat TDP 214:11, §U ergeti ibid. 110 i 6,220:30, §U LfL.LA.EN.NA (see lilh) HungerUruk 30:6; §U ,€ri u bamdti Labat Suse 11iii 7; §U mdrat Anim (= Lamatu) LabatTDP 114 i 37, 220:30, 224:51f.

6" "hand" of evil spells and illnesses:see kilpii usage a, milittu A usage b,

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qitu 2zikurudi usage c, see also aJirtu A mng.Ic.

3' other occs.: dipdru nalpartakapiriItu v§(?)-ka (see nalpartu A mng.la-3') KAR 58 r. 20, see Ebeling Handerhebung40; [. . .] Nippuru qa-ta-a-a (parallel: 6adireija, etc.) BA 5 388 K.2356:11, cf. qa-ta-a-ka (parallel: rittaka) Pallis Akitu pl.8:17; if Adad causes lightning and §u-suKI birqi innamir his "hand" is seen with (?)the lightning (obscure) JNES 33 199:33.

2. paw: if a ewe gives birth to a lionand §u-su guppulat its paw is massiveLeichty Izbu V 41.

3. handle: 29 nalpattu a kaspi qa-a[t-S]u-nu taskarinnu u u4i (see nalpattu)EA 14 ii 55 (list of gifts from Egypt), also, wr.[qa]-at-u-nu ibid. iii 7, cf. (of knives, seenaglabu B usage a) ibid. i 38, 80, iii 4; notedesignating a jar (referring to the handleor to the shape) in Hitt.: 1 DUG QA-DUi.D.tG.GA KUB 7 29:14, also, wr. QA-TUMKUB 42 104:13, wr. QA-TAM KUB 41 13 ii 9.

4. self, person - a) as subject of averb: andku u"-a-a issiAunu a-ta-la-kaI personally went with them Postgate PalaceArchive 180 r. 5, cf., wr. qa-ta-a-a ABL 138r. 8, [andklu ]u"-a-a alla[ka] K.16057:5(courtesy S. Parpola), cf. (with aradu) Iraq 18 47No. 31:9, (with naddnu) ABL 638:3; Sum[ma qa-t]a-a-gd ina muhhikunu il[laka] whetherhe comes to you in person K.5084b r. 6(courtesy S. Parpola) (allNA); atta U".MES-kaittf alik go with him personally TCL 993:10 (NB let.); ereni [a] ik[kisa] qd-ta-a-acedars which I personally felled VAB 4194 No. 27a ii 5 (Nbk.), cf. a qd-ti PN i4bu§uwhich PN collected personally (?) TCL 1090:18 (OB); (uppam qd-ta-kd lu-la-pi-ta-mawrite a message yourself (lit. your twohands) VAT 9271:8 (OA); he incited thekings of neighboring regions to rebelliona. . .. itakkana (var. altakkana) vu"-a-a

whom I personally had installed StreckAsb. 30 iii 104; qa-ta-a-ka Gilgdme ikld[...] you yourself, Gilgamei, prevented

qitu 4b[the crossing] Gilg. x iii 37; nar hegalliunuiskira UII-Siz-un (var. qa-ta-d-un) theythemselves dammed up the canal thatbrings them abundance Cagni Erra IV13; GN §U-ti ikud WO 2 36:37 (Shalm.III), §u"-a taktalad BHT pl. 8 v 7 (Nbn.Verse Account), and passim, see kaAddu mngs.2a, 2b, 2c, 2g, 2h, 7g; note in the locative:tuppi zimdti ik-u-da qa-tu§-Su CT 15 39 ii47, 40 iii 21; note qdtu without referent toexpress general subject: mar bdrim qd-tum i-ka-[§a]-as-fsul someone will takethe diviner prisoner YOS 10 18:18, also,wr. §U CT 30 44 83-1-18,415:7, CT 31 43 obv. (!)11 and dupl. Boissier DA 222:14, cf. YOS 10 40:23,42 ii 35, 59:7, E .BI §U ikalassu CT 3814:12, 26:19, 25 K.2942+ :17, wr. qd-tumYOS 10 26:5 and 7, cf. also KAR 377 r. 22, CT30 7 Rm. 115:1, 16 K.3841 r. 6f., TCL 6 1:38,2:2, r. 28; rubdm ina bitilu qd-tum ibab:bas<su> YOS 1023:11 (OB ext.); an.dib.bamu.un.dui §u nu.mu.un.tu.tu : rikisam tepu ma qa-at ul iharri SBH p. 130:32f.,

cf. ki.bal.a i.gul.[gul] : mat nukurtuqa-tum u'abbat (see abdtu A lex. section)ASKT p. 127:33f.; baltussun uabbit u"I(var. ina qa-ti) Streck Asb. 74 ix 21; for otherrefs. see bane A v. mng. 3, kullu mngs. Icand 3g-1', lapdtu mng. le, qabdtu, faldlu,sdmu, §aqdlu, tamdhu.

b) qualifying another substantive: NIG.§U.ME § u-ia nakru uesi the enemywill remove my personal property KAR153 r. (!) 18 (SB ext.); obscure: btssu amdtiluu ha-at-tim qd-ti-6u ana pang a nadi AfO24 121 Dring No. 2:8, cf. ibid. 13 (OB let.); niqzqd-ti-i-§u RA 22 171 r. 43 (OB lit.); he willteach the apprentice nuhatimmutu dulluqa-ti-Su gabbi (for var. qatitu see qati Aadj. mng. 2) BOR 1 88b:6; for other refs.see biblu A mng. 4, binitu A mng. 1,binitu mng. 2b, bEZu s. usages a and b,dullu mng. 3f, epiltu mngs. la, 4b, ipluA mng. 3a, kakku mng. la, kidittu mngs.lb, 2b, knu mng. 3, liptu A mngs. la-2',lc-2', 4, pisannu, simtu, gibtu B mng. 7b,gztu mng. 4b-1', liknu, ipru.

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qitu 4cc) qualified by an adjective to indicate

indeterminate subject or in adverbial use:§umma... qd-a-tum haliptum ... ibbaMiif there is a theft (of barley in your houseor threshing floor) Kraus AbB 1 90:16, cf.TIM 4 36:12, cf. also UII zdritu sakinmathere was squandering (see zdrd adj.) TCL12 86:13 (NB); ina qd-tim eritim allak I willgo empty-handed Gol6nischeff 14:27 (= Jan-kowska KTK 20), cf. itti qa-ti maliti Salmeatira I returned safely, laden with spoilStreck Asb. 16 ii 47, cf. ibid. 46 v 41; see alsoqdtu ahitu cited ahi mng. lb; for qdtampanitam in OB and Mari see panu adj.

5. power of gods: the night watchesare of equal duration a Lugalgirra kalis

inana a u"- Saknu they all belong toDN, they are in his power AfO 14144:54; kca=sd patdri <ina> u'"-ka-ma it is in yourpower (Aama) to release the fetteredSchollmeyer p. 139 VAT 5:9, for other refs.see kasi adj. usage b, cf. §smdtu Sdmuuwurati uWuru a qa-ti-ka-[ma] ZA 23370:16, also OECT 6 pl. 5 K.2727:14, pl. 22K.2784:4, see JRAS 1929 285, LKA 109:5, etc.;mutu u na[pitu? ina] gu-ku-nu-ma you(gods) dispense life and death PBS 1/2106:16; §uqi u uSpulu 4i lu Sv-ka (var.qd-at-ka) En. el. IV 8; in personal names:I-na-qd-ti(var. -qa-at)-DINGIR CT4711:37,var. from seal 1 (OB); Ina-uI"-DN-bultu TuM2-3 236:5, also Ina-gU"-DN-akin YOS 6129:5, and passim in NB, Gabbu-ina-u"-DINGIR ADD App. 1 viii 20, etc., ab-breviated Ina-UII-DINGIR.ME§ ibid. 21,fGabbi-ina-§u" Cyr. 284:8, see Tallqvist APN304 and NPN 330 s.v.; note with WSem.prep.: fMe-e-Iu" -dNa-[na-a] UET 4 3:8and 15.

6. authority, possession, custody,charge, care, control, jurisdiction - a)ina qdt - 1' in gen.: if a child ina qd-atmuSgniqtim imtit dies in the care of thewet nurse CH § 194:27; kaspam udti inaqd-ti-ka-ma uur keep that silver in yourown custody YOS 2 1:l10; give them afield Summa amirtalunu Summa a ina

qatu 6aqd-ti-ka ibai d either what they chooseor what you have available OECT 3 33:37,cf. kaspam a ina qd-ti iba4~ zilbilam sendme the silver that is on hand CT 29 38:21;ana mali Sa ina qd-ti-ka ibaS lu e'amlu kaspam ilbilamma according to whatyou have on hand, send me either barleyor silver Kraus AbB 1 138:36, of. Summaina qa-ti-ka la ibalMi afar ibama ina qqaqqarim Auliamma gubilam (see qaqqaru A mng.Ic) Sumer 14 73 No. 47:15; hulqu I2 lummaina qd-ti quh[drij] a ibaMi kima gi[md] atimSa ina qd-ti-ku-nu ibaA2i 6uhiza if thatstolen object is in the possession of myemployee, hand down a decision ac-cording to the decree that is available toyou (pl.) ABIM 33:12 and 14, see also dinumng. 2; paqddu ina qd-ti-6u ul ibaMi hehas no authority to make apportionmentsKraus AbB 1 46:37, alpi ina qd-tim ul ibaSS4TIM 2 84:33, and passim with bar, see baSuimngs. lb-2', lc-6', 4c; x kaspum a inaqd-ti-ia izzizu VAS 16 1:20, cf. CT 4 28:12,YOS 13 126:4, 135:8, wr. ina qd-ti <ti >318:9; ki4um ina qd-ti ekallim CT 52 58:5(all OB); mimma ina qd-ti-6u-nu ul Qabitnothing was found in their possessionKraus AbB 1 76:7; (a fugitive slave) ina §uPN ina GN igbassuma Petschow MB Rechts-urkunden 10:5; 4 sarrg kz sarti ki izbilu inaqa-ti-Su-nu ayqabat I seized in their pos-session the four stacks that they hadstolen PBS 1/2 51:7 (MB let.); (stolenproperty) ina un PN ittammar (see amdrumng. 7b-3') ABL 429:9 (NA), for other refs.from OB on see amaru mng. Id-1', cf.(with amdru) YOS 13 74:12, also a inaqd-ti-Su-nu fe'am zabalam imuru TLB 470:13 (OB let.), see also eli mng. 2d-1'b',ka ddu mng. 9, kullu mng. Ic, le, gabdtumng. 3a; also in nominal clauses: §ummabilat eqlija a ina qd-ti-§u la ugdammirmala ittadin if he does not deliver in fullthe tax on my field which is in his pos-session CT 4 28:16, see Frankena, AbB 2 96;awat eqldtilina ul ina qd-ti-ia ina qd-ti6dpir ndrimma the matter of their fieldsis not under my jurisdiction, it is under

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qitu 6b

the jurisdiction of the Sdpir ndri officialCT 29 27:13f., cf. YOS 13 30:21; kaspum inaqd-ti-Su CT 6 27a: 12, cf. TCL 18 151:16, ,ib2=S

turn ina qd-ti-ia VAS 16 57:20; tuppdtujaina qd-ti abijama PBS 7 55:23, cf. YOS 248:20 and 23, VAS 16 4:28 (all OB); note inOA as part of the subscript of legal texts:i-qd-tiRN rubd'im OIP 27 49:24 and 49b:26,also ibid. 1 reverse, 53:13, TCL 4 122:15, TCL 21214A:19, JSOR 11 p. 134 No. 43:19.

2' in adm. contexts: (barley) ina§U PN PBS 2/2 117:4ft., of. ibid. 42:3, (persons)ibid. 111:20, and passim in MB; barley SaPN ina U PN2 KAJ 74:4 (MA); maddattuluina uI"-§u Iraq 20 195 No. 44:11 (NA let.),cf. Iraq 17 134 No. 16:38, kanku ina uII-§iibid. 131 No. 14:7, maqtu ina Au"-i ABL343 r. 3, x 8s 9i ina U"-4 z ABL 529:10,cf. also ADD 812:1 and 3, r. 6 and 8, 1009 r. 2,dullu ina vuI"-gi lau ABL 447:13 (all NA); afield a ina ia u PN LfT paqdu a PN2 TuM2-3 148:3; thirty talents of wool ina u"PNMu.10.KAM ana6 MA.NA TCL 13 224:13;x barley ina u 11 PN a muhhi er in thecharge of PN, the tithe collector ibid.227:28, dullu a MN a ina §u 11 ilpare Nbn.320:1, and passim, wr. ina Su", in NB adm.,wr. ina qa-at 5R 67 No. 1:26, qd-at Dar.321:16, ina qa-tim PN Nbn. 178:30, note at theend of text: Nbn. 544:7; note with putu naszi:put PN ana aldku ana Bdbili ana paniGubaru ina §u" PN2 atam Eanna u PN3bel piqitti Eanna nali they guarantee toPN2 , the administrator of Eanna, and toPN3, the official of Eanna, that PN will goto Babylon (to appear) before GobryasAnOr 8 46:9; fPN put iepi a PN2 mutiSu ina§u 11 PN3 naldtu 5R 67 No. 3:6, put egrua kaspi... ina u" PN nai VAS 4 167:13,

and passim, note kaspu Ia pitu ina Su"PN nadii Bagh. Mitt. 5 232 No. 18:3.

b) in the locative: Earrama panukkaA.ENGUR.RA-ma qa-tuk-ka (var. vu-ka)Efiarra is at your disposal, i.ENGUR.RAis under your control Cagni Erra IIId 7.

c) Sa qdt - 1' in OA: 1 tamalakkumSa qd-ti-a one box at my disposal(?)

qatu 6cTCL 20 113:13, cf. ibid. 14, Contenau TrenteTablettes Cappadociennes 19:18, cf. a4iqd-ti-athe iron available to me CCT 3 23b:14;for limum (also hamutum) a qd-ti PN seelimu A mng. lb and Larsen The Old AssyrianCity-State p. 53 n. 18.

2' in OB, Mari - a' referring to silver,staples: ina URUDU a qd-ti a nappdhimfrom the copper which is in the handsof the smith VAS 16 89:24, cf. [ina?] e'ima qd-ti-ka UCP 9 335 No. 11:10, cf. ABIM

21:36, x §E.GI§.1 NfG.AU PN UCP 10 106No. 30:2 (coll. B. Landsberger); a4um kaspima qd-ti tamkdrim dekrmma gamddim CT

29 40:1, cf..CT 52 162:4, 163:2; barley 9A,e-e a qd-ti-u BE 6/2 127:2, barley Nfo.§u abarakki JCS 2 97-No. 24:2, reed matsNfG.§U PN TCL 10 80:16, (beside namhartu)TCL 1 206:8, BA 5 431 No. 26:5, (beside PN2 mahir)BE 6/1 40:6, Waterman Bus. Doc. 19:2; x kas=pum ... a PN mdrat PN2 a qd-ti-u CT33 27:6; (jewelry, seals) a qd-ti PN TCL10 120:19ff.; (wool from the palace) Nfo.§U PN CT 8 21a:3; unut URUDU a qd-ti-au YOS 13 125:3, cf. (copper) a qa-ti-ka ARM 18 10:9; x dates NIG.§U PN§U.TI.A PN2 TCL 11 240:3, note (in similarcontext) ga NfIG.U PN ibid. 192:9.

b' referring to persons, workmen:awzit ul a qd-ti-ka are the men notunder your jurisdiction? Kraus, AbB 5127:11; [L (?)].MA.HI.A NfG.§U PN VAS 1651:9, cf. DUMU.ME GN NfG.§U SIPA ibid.17:6, and passim, see bd'iru, iSakku, ka=parru, ndqidu, rakbu, redii, re'i", ,abu,gdkinu, atammu, etc., cf. dbam a [q]a-ti-ia ARM 3 3:24, auum quhdrija a qd-ti PN TLB 4 2:4, and note: 12 lmi ,dbama qa-tim Studies Landsberger 194:56 (Shem-

shara let.); note: barley borrowed KI PNNfG. U PN2 TCL 1 179:4.

c' referring to herds, fields, etc.: or-chard land Sa PN Sa qd-ti PN2 Jean 9umeret Akkad 198:3 and 5, cf. (a field) NfG.MUPN PA.MAR.TU CT 8 7a:9, A.§A G(T.UNNIG.§U PN TCL 7 18:8, cf. erget mdtim Saqd-ti-u-nu ligrigu ibid. 19:11; g6tat genim

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qitu 6c§a qd-ti-ka TCL 1 4:28, cf. ibid. 6 and 18,AB.GUD.HI.A a qd-ti-§u LIH 37:5, 313AB.GUD.HI.A §A NfG.§U Nf.TE.NI Ut NfG.§U UTUL.E.NE 313 head of cattle fromhis own jurisdiction and that of the chiefherdsmen UET 5 819:13f.; alum annum§a qa-ti-k[a] this town is under yourcontrol Sumer 14 65 No. 39:17.

3' in MB, MA, Nuzi, RS: ERfN.ME§Sa qa-ti-ia CT 43 102:22 (MB let.); x barleyration Sa uv akni PBS 2/2 53:41 (MB),cf. ibid. 115:6; SfG.ME § a qa-ti-ka k& magiiballi irehha as for the wool at yourdisposal, how much is available as re-mainder? KAV 106:9 (MA let.); 4 ITI 20UD.ME § a u PN KAJ 246:1; x head ofcattle sugullu a u PN re' alpi KAJ289:14; x barley a §u PN ina §u PN2belonging to PN is in the hands of PN2(the borrower) KAJ 82:4f.; (craftsmen)§a qa-ti-Ju-nu (in broken context) AfO17 290:126 (MA harem edicts), and passim in MA;x barley §a ka-ti a PN TCL 9 34:2 (Nuzi);(list of persons) anndtu Sa §u PN JEN503:22, cf. JEN 665:6 f., also 533:3 and 12; tam=kar Sa §u-ia the merchants under myprotection (were killed in Ugarit) MRS 9172 RS 17.145:4.

4' in NA: eight persons a §u" PN§a URU GN ADD 852 i 4, cf. ADD 160:4, andpassim in ADD, also ABL 32:11, bel didni Sa§u"-ia ABL 136:5, 50 ,dbe a uv"-dABL 186:16, Wiseman Treaties 4 var., and passim.

5' in NB: two hundred vats of beer[§a PN] Sd gu" PN2 PN3 u [bel qad4tiunu]belonging to PN, (borrowed) by PN2, PN3,and the holders of their bow fief PBS 2/158:2, cf. (bricks) BE 9 51:2, and passim; weaversd Su" PN AnOr 8 26:14, cf. (gardeners) YOS

7 84:23, 124:3, PN a §U" qpi Nbn. 662:15;dates Sa §u" PN gugallu Strassmaier, Actesdu 8e Congrbs International No. 22:3; flocks ga§U PN rab bulu YOS 7 83:4.

6' in SB: you recite the incantationGi§.PA GIE.MA.NU Sa §U rei' over a staffof ashwood belonging to the shepherds

qtu 6fKocher BAM 248 iv 8, cf. ibid. 4; ana Sakka=nakki a qa-ti-ia qi[bima] umma NinurtaBA 5 657 No. 18:4, see Nougayrol, RA 36 34;[. . .] alimtu Sa u ummdni latik bari safe[...] from a scholar, checked and testedAMT 19,6 iv 4.

7' in colophons: bultu latku a u'ummdni Kocher BAM 9:70, cf. a §U PNHunger Kolophone 66:3, also d(or NfG) §UPN ibid. 65:2, 67:1, 456:3, 477; note tuppihi4ihti Sa §u" kal RAcc. 42 r. 1, nepeSi

a §u" kali ibid. 44 r. 14 and passim, also(referring to the rit., outside the colophon) BRM 46:2 and 17.-

d) ki (kma) qdt: x wheat ina u PNki-i §u PN2 PN3 imhur PN3 received fromPN as representative (?) of PN2 BE 14 36:4(MB); (sheep) ki-i §u RN PN . . . mahirKAJ 221:2, see AfO 10 45 No. 39; in brokencontext: ki-i qa-at gighurdte AfO 17 268:10(all MA); x tin ina §U PN tamkdri ki-i§U PN2 PN 3 mahir Peiser Urkunden 132:5,also (barley) ki-i §u PN bel pihati ina §uPN2 DUB.SAR PN3 [mah] ir ibid. 118:2 (bothMB); note qd-ti imitti u 6umelim (parallel:kima imitti u umeli 146:8) YOS 12 140:7(OB).

e) ana qdt: ula kaspum 10 GIN anaqd-ti-a ula emdrum ana rakdbija there isnot even ten shekels of silver for my usenor a donkey for me to ride on BIN 673:18 (OA); x oxen ana qa-ti PN LaesseeShemshara Tablets 68 SH 867:4f.; eqldt arUgarit. . . ana v-ti-ma ar Ugarit. . . ueqldt RN... ana vu-ti-ma RN the landsof the king of Ugarit remain under thecontrol of the king of Ugarit himself, andthe lands of RN remain under the controlof RN himself MRS 9 231 RS 17.123:11 and19, also ibid. 15 and 22f.

f) qdt: (a field) AU.TI.A PN §U hamsdagari MDP 28 449:5; (gold artifacts) PAPSa GN S~ PN PBS 13 80 r. 8; (foodstuffs)§U PN PBS 2/2 45:5, Petschow MB Rechtsur-kunden 15:8, cf. ibid. 18:3, and passim, also (bows)PBS 2/2 54:18, (prisoners) ibid. 116:1 (all MB);

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qAtu 7aPN §U" PN2 ADD 703:2, cf. KAV 39:13, also§u" arri ADD 1046 i 2; treaty with RNand Lj.ERfN.ME § UI-.~ Wiseman Trea-ties 4; horses §U11 PN KAV 31:32, 131 r. 2,also (beverages) §u 1 PN sird~i ADD 998r. 2, and passim with staples and offerings in ADD;dates §U" PN BRM 1 14:4, also (wool) ibid.21:3, 6 SILA §U II PN six silas (of beer)(received?),by PN TCL 12 1:2, and passimin this text, also ibid. 3:2 and passim.

7. in construction with verbs - a) in-troducing the complement of a verb (sub-stituting for an independent personalpronoun by serving as the stem to which apronominal suffix is attached, or elseintroducing the complement noun) - 1'in the terminative and locative: gnu Enlil... errat nice qd-ti-i4-su iddinu (seegerretu mng. 4c-2') PBS 5 36 r. iii 18 (Naram-Sin); [pu]qqudu elreti uddufu mdhdzi baHiqa-tu-u[§-5u] it is in his power to providethe sanctuaries, to repair the holy citiesPSBA 20 156 r. 3 (acrostic hymn); §a napharterete qa-tul-§u paqd[u] to whose handsall commands are entrusted AMT 71,1:32,see ZA 51 172; band iii u iMtari ku-um-mu (for kin-ma) qa-tuk-ku-nu it lieswithin your power to fashion (images of)gods and goddesses Borger Esarh. 82 r. 16;kak qabli u tdhazi mulld qa-tuJ-~d LKA 31r. 17, and see mall v. lex. section andmngs. 9c-1'b' and 13b-2', also kandSu,man mng. 7, paqddu, Jakdnu, 6utlumu,tamdhu.

2' preceded by a preposition - a' pre-ceded by ina, itu (ultu), aSar (Nuzi only),rarely ana, to introduce the complementof a verb expressing movement away -with such meanings as escape, save,release, take away from: if the fugitiveslave ina qd-at Idbitdniu ihtaliq es-caped from his captor CH § 20:6, cf. PN uDUMU-A" ina Bu- halqu YOS 3 165:34(NB let.); ninu ina §u -i-ni uhallaquthey have deprived us of fish TCL 13163:7 (NB); a slave ina qd-ti tamkdrilJuudappiramma CT 52 128:6 (OB); see also

qitu 7aa.d, ekemu, etequ A (uituqu), eteru, Szubusub ezebumngs. 6 and 7, habdluA mng. 4d,habdtu A mng. 3, haldqu, leq, nabalkutumng. Ic, nakdrumng. lb, naparrudu, 6dtu,ahdu, atdpu, tdru, uluru; note ina qdti

without referent to express indeterminateperson: dullu §a ... ina qa-ti maqtuma(see maqdtu mng. li) MDP 2 pl. 22 iii 38;see also naparudu mng. 2a. With suchmeanings as buy, rent, take over, receivefrom: limum a i-qd-ti PN igbutu eponym:he who took over from PN Kiiltepe a/k473b, cited Balkan Observations 81 sub 8, also(with ilqeu) Kiiltepe c/k 41:51-55, etc., citedBalkan, Studies Landsberger 172f.; aw7lumina qd-ti rede eqlam uSei the man rentedthe field from the "soldiers" OECT 3 47:9(OB let.); x barley PN ina qa-ti PN2 ilqe MDP23 312:13, cf. ina qa-ti PN UDU.HI.A.ME§ina qa-ti-§u leqe ibid. 316:18f., cf. KAJ 78:6,and passim with leqi; mdhirdnu a inaqa-at aAAat a'li imhuruni KAV 1 i 40 (Ass.Code § 3), cf. KAJ 180:12, and passim withmahdru, see mahdru mng. la-3' (OB), 5'(MB), 8' (MA), 10' (NB), Ig (EA), see alsoabdku A mng. 3a-2', 3b-3', epeSu mng. 2c(mahzru), eteru B, kandku mng. 4b, maidhuA mng. Ic, nail mng. 3a-3', 4', 3c-2',(ana Simi) patdru, rehu, 6dmu. With suchmeanings as collect, claim, take away:see ekemu, eseru, paqdru, tdru (turru).

b' preceded by ana, ina to introducethe complement of a verb expressingmovement toward - with such meaningsas give, entrust, hand over, transfer to,deposit into: one nahlaptu garment anaqa-at PN ... slbilanim ARM 10 175:22;see also erebu (also Iurubu), kdnu A mng.3j, leq mngs. la-l', 4a, mal4 mngs.9c-1'a', 14, mani mngs. 7, 9e, 10c, 12c,maqatu mng. 3b, naddnu mng. Id, naJdru,paqddu, 6akdnu, falmu, 6unni, tamahu,tdru (turru), uSluru.

c' preceded by ina to introduce aperson serving as an agent: annurig ina§U" mdr liprija ... ussebilalu I amsending him (to the king) with my mes-

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qatu 7bsenger ABL 193:11; ina Su" mdr Bdbilinipura Munu ABL 438 r. 28 (both NA), andpassim with Subulu, lapdru in NA, NB, seeabdlu A mng. 9a-1', §apdru.

d' other, idiomatic, uses: any field orbuilding §a ina libbi uhtabbalu .. . ina9u"-ia ub-ta-' (see bu'z mng. 6) TuM2-3 204:7; for other refs. (also with qatuin the locative) see bu'i mng. 4; inaqd-ti-ia gag[im] li-mu-ur Kraus AbB 1138:18, and see amdru A mng. 5 (qdtu b);§a amdtilu §U.ME§-,i-na ina NA 4.HAR ud-dap-pi-ir u a arddniu qdtamma ina qa-ti-6u-nu ud-dap-pi-ir he released hisslave girls from the task of grinding (lit.their hands from the grindstone), andsimilarly he released his slaves KBo 10 1r. 11 f. (Hattuiili bil.); awzlam §dti attamatuwa'arSu ina qa-ti-ka-ma illak you your-self give instructions to that man and hefollows only you ARMT 13 142:32, cf. ina

u"I-ka ul nillak (the countries thatseceded from Elam said) we will notfollow you ABL 839:12 (NB), and see aldkumng. 4c-11'; note a ana qa-tuJ-Su illakihurSdnu ellitu ina qibituMu utaqqu I[gigi]Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 476:42; send mesilver alpum ina qd-ti-ni la um"i TIM2 78:42 and 46, cf. TLB 4 22:20 (both OBletters); zitu ina §U rube u mi KAR 429:13(SB ext.); note [GI.PISAN].HI.A ... i-naqa-ta ramaniunu ueinimma ARM 1082:16; for other refs. to ina, ana, itu qdtiag and luIq2 see ad2 mng. 5a; for itu(issu), la qdti el and fSili, see elI mngs. 3cand llf.

b) reinforcing a verb meaning "seize"or "hold": see ina qdti kullu "to hold"sub kullu mng. Ic, le; for ina qdti abdtu(Mari, Bogh.) see gabdtu mng. 7b.

8. in idiomatic uses - a) ina qdtithrough the agency of, as a consequenceof, through: ina qd-ti habba[ti] iSdtumnap hat mdtam ikka[1] fire has flared upthrough the act of the bandits, it consumesthe land TIM 2 28:8 (OB let.); ina qd-ti

qitu 8bdullim reSi ula ana§i I cannot lift myhead for woe TCL 1 9:1 (OB lit.); inaqa-at karg [pa]gr ... ulluma ul ele'iI cannot defend myself, due to calumniesARM 2 55:23, cf. RA 42 66:50 (Mari let.); inaqa-at erbim halq eburam ul ipulma mydistrict could not harvest as a conse-quence of the locusts RA 42 70:5; hibltuiaina qd-ti PN imtida I suffered many lossesthrough PN OECT 3 56:10; ina qd-ti haliwarddam ul ile'ima he cannot come downon account of the district OECT 3 41:7,cf. ina qd-ti awdtiki VAS 16 188:7 (all OBletters); bud,.u ihalliq ina v a§5atiluimaqqut his property will be lost, it (orhe) will perish through the agency of hiswife KAR 212 i 13 and dupl. CT 40 10:49(iqqur ipuS), see Labat Calendrier § 31:10; inaSu as tirti murgi irli (if the patient)while in the care of the physician has arelapse AMT 2,7:4 and 101,3:15, cf. [...]ina §U A.ZU innaddi CT 28 16 K.9614 r. 7 (SBAlu ?); note the contractions (used as a con-junction?): iq-qd-at g~hdtuka JCS 15 8 iii 13,i-qd-tu gin$a §u-[.. .] CT 15 2 viii 5 (bothOB lit.); qabiti ina qa-ti PN awatu annituI have spoken this word through PN EA263:21; uncert.: mdtu rabiti uttirra u birtidannati ina qa-ti mdtdti aktagar (seebirtu A mng. 2a) ABL 542 r. 19 (NB);. with-out referent: ila ki uall2 ina u altalimI prayed to the god and thereby I got wellYOS 3 90:7 (NB let.), and see aldmu.

b) in idioms with qdtu as object of averb: apptum ana . . . pirikanni qd-at-kc la tubbalma la taldm please do notbuy any .... textiles whatsoever VAT9290:22, cited JAOS 78 99 n. 66 (OA); belz qa-tam lidanninma my lord should intervenein severe terms ARM 14 56:29, cf. qd-at-kilu dannat TIM 2 79:10 (OB let.); see alsoablu A mng. 5a (qdtu), ahdzu mng. 6,amdru A mng. 5 (qdtu), batdqu mng. 7b,dek mng. 2f-2'c', emedu mng. 4c-2', enmmng. 1g-5', kal mng. 2a-1', lullt, magdgumng. 2, mad4u mng. 4g, ma$Q mng. 4,naddnu mng. 2 (qqdtu), nad mng. 6 (qqdtu),

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qitu 8cnapdu mng. 2c, nasahu mng. 9 (qdtu),nai mng. 6 (qdtu), pardku, pardsu,padru, petti, rakdsu, abdtu mng. 8 (qdtu),gakdnu, tamdhu, tardu, tdru.

c) in idioms with qdtu as subject of averb: see eld v. mng. 3b-3', e.lu adj.;note: (the work) §a umd qa-a-tu ina libbitallikuni ABL 1378 r. 8, see Parpola LAS No. 19.

d) in compounds: for me qdti see mzi Amng. 3, for ni qdti see ni§u B mng. 2,for gibit qdti see gibtu B mng. 7d, fortirig qdti see tirqu; see also i qdti, 5dbqdte, qdbit qdte, Sat qdti.

9. in adverbial use - a) ana qdt(aqqdt) beyond (MA): if a man's wifesteals something a-na qa-at 5 MA.NA AN.NA tutattir exceeding five minas of tinKAV 1 i 59 (Ass. Code § 5), cf. aq-qa-at 2 birA.SA (in broken context) AfO 17 270:18(harem edicts); gumma a-na qa-a-at 10 a;ndte mdrimdre Qihhiru if the grandsons areyounger than ten years old KAV 1 vi 31(Ass. Code § 43), cf. a-na qa-at 5 6andteitahhira ibid. v 6 (§ 36), also iv 103 (§ 36);let my brother send me much gold i aq-qa-at abija ahija literanni and my brothershould (give) more to me than he didto my father EA 20:71 (let. of Tutratta).

b) adi qdt until: ultu MU.18.KAM mAr-5i 8a mAr-tak-Aat-su ,arru §umSu SA4 -iEN §U MU.13.KAM m U-ma-su 9a mAr-tak-oat-s8u arru 5umgu nab' from the 18thyear of Arses, who is called King Arta-xerxes, to the 13th year of Ochos, whois called King Artaxerxes LBAT 1394 iv 11and 13 (LB).

c) ina qdtimma immediately: ina qa-tim-ma uSeSerSi I repaired (the damage)right away ARM 1418:10, also ibid. 7; see alsoqtaqdti.

d) k qdt(i) in the same way: ki qa-atpanimma (you treat the mixture) in thesame way as before Oppenheim Glass 48§ 18:14.

qitu 1 a

e) Papal (Sapla, Sapli) qdti secretly(NA): maqqartuu Sap-la qa-ti ittaqru theywatched him secretly ABL 411:12, cf.sap-li qa-ti masartuu li$quru ibid. 7;sa-pal § UI aappara ABL 1058 r. 11, also,wr. inaKI.TA AU 11 ABL 1176:19.

10. handiwork, workmanship - a) ingen.: one necklace ga qa-ti mdt TukriSin the style (or: in the workmanship) ofGN RA 43 142:56, 150:124, cf. (a giftuppu)ibid. 156:189 (Qatna inv.).

b) indicating the scribe of a tablet:§U PN DUB.SAR AASOR 16 16:17, also §uPN ibid. 33:39, and passim in Nuzi; §U PNKBo 1 42 vi, ,U PN DUB.SAR TUR Labat Suse1 iv 37, also Hunger Kolophone Nos. 10-15 (OB),and passim in colophons, wr. qa-at AJSL 4341 r. 129, CT 34 50 iv 41, wr. qa-dt HungerUruk 69 r. 53, in NB texts from Uruk andBabylon also wr. GI§ (see Idu II, in lex.section), e.g., SBH p. 102 No. 54 r. 51 (fromBabylon), TCL 6 2 r. 31, note GIB ramaniuibid. 45 r. 25; ina §u"-t i§fur Hunger Ko-lophone 137:3, ina GI -,u igturma ibri ibid.174:2 (both Sel.); note in colophons ofastron. tables: ina §u 1"-u imAuh heperformed the computations personallyHunger Kolophone Nos. 171:2, 172: 1 (LB astron.);see Hunger Kolophone index s.v. qdtu.

11. one of several equal parts - a) ingen.: immimma a[nnim a] ezibu 2 qd-ti-in awildtum ilaqqe<a> i t&t qd-tdm PNilaqqe iStet qd-tdm PN2 ilaqqe from all thisthat I (the testator) have left, the twowomen take two parts, PN one part andPN, one part RA 60 133:31ff.; kaspam ...ana oaldaiu nimhassuma i tt& qd-tdmkaspam andku alqema TCL 14 33:7 (bothOA); of the booty I took 2-ta qa-ta anaDN [...] 1-et qa-ta ina ekallija alkun I[gave] two parts to DN, and one part Ideposited in my palace Scheil Tn. II 28f.;15 talents of silver ana 3 qa-ta-tim ...izuzu they divided into three equal partsARM 1 129:13; if you wish ana 1-et qa-tibundnu tuqarrab you add bundnu for

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qitu llbone part AMT 41,1 iv 40; 8 SILA i qa-atMUN ABL 207 r. 1 (NA); [at]ta 2 ka-ta-duleqemi u 'PN iltiltu lilqemi (divide thefield with fPN) take two thirds and letfPN take one third HSS 5 46:18, cf. PN 2 §uileqqe u fPN2 iltiitu ileqqe ibid. 71:6; asAkkadogram in Hitt.: 2 QA-TAM ... 1-ENQA-TAM... da-a-i FriedrichGesetze I § 53:13f.;from the paternal estate 2-ta SUH.MESmari mahrzti u alu mdr arkti ileqq2the sons of the first (wife) take two thirds,and the sons of the second one thirdSPAW 1889 828 (pl. 7) v 39 (NB laws), cf. [2qa-t]a-ti in[assaq] AfO 12 53 Text 0 ii 10(Ass. Code), cf. also (in broken context)2 qa-ta-te KUB 3 77:13.

b) referring to a fraction of the form" - 1' itta qdten (qdtdti) two thirds:send me 131 minas of silver u andku2

i -ta qd-ti-in laddi and I will provide the(other) two thirds (of the total investment,making forty minas in all) MDOG 10287:8, cf. BIN6 181:10ff., also ICK 1 83:9f. (tablet)and ICK 2 60:3ff. (case, all OA); Sitta qa-ta-tim ruplum the width is two thirds Sumer7 45:2, cf. ibid. 6, 35:2 (OB math.); x silverSim 2-ta SUII.ME ina kurummati equiv-alent to two thirds of the allotment BRM 233:18; total 2-ta U I I .ME a imu u 18-'-u a umu two thirds and one eighteenthof a day (adding up A, , A, and *, i.e.,i, of a day) VAS 15 28:4 and passim; 2-ta

U"I.ME§ zitti4u a itti PN ahi4u two thirdsof his share (in the prebend) which (heholds) with his brother PN VAS 5 21:18,and passim with zittu, nikkassu, also 2-ta

vu" ina ki4ubbd TCL 13 239:8, 14, 11, etc.,naphar 4-ta GI§.BAN.ME§ 2-ta uu" a aI§.BAN PBS 2/1 30:11, a field of 6 NINDA.HI.A 2-ta §U1 1 NINDA.HI.A Evetts Ev.-M.23:9; for each hundred ewes 66 2-ta§UII.ME§ mildu 66§ of the offspring PBS2/1 144:7, and passim; ina muhhi 1 MA.NA2-ta SUII.MES halluru kaspu ina muhhiiuirabbi (per month) the interest is twothirds and one tenth (of a shekel) of silverper mina Dar. 119:5, and passim in NB referring

qitu 12ato amounts of silver, note (gold) BIN 1 138:1 and 4,note, wr. 2 u"-ta-a-tum Nbk. 345:8; 2-ta§UI I HAB-rat ikin attali (beside faluHAB-rat line 48) BRM 4 6:49 (NB rit.).

2' other occs.: 3-ta UII.ME§ ina zeri(beside rib ina zeri) TCL 13 249:15, cf.milil ina 3-ta u" ina1 iSaten iumu half ofthree fourths of one day (added to one-eighth day, sum: one-half day) BRM 211:2 and 18, cf. also 3 SU.ME Sa NA 4 takkasRA 23 46:6, 3-ta §UII.ME§ (followed by 2-ta SU II .ME AnOr 8 1:5 (all NB); 3 u 11 .ME ana bel pdhete a GN attidin 1 qa-tiana bel pdhete a GN2 . . . attidin I gavethree fourths (of the bricks) to the gover-nor of GN, one fourth to the governor ofGN 2 ABL 486 r. 9f. (NA), cf. ADD 917 ii 16;hamiS U ina isqi Peiser Vertrage 91:5 (NB);31 ME i 5 §UII.[ME§] (Jupiter remainsinvisible for) 311 days (beside [x ME] u2-ta SUII.ME Sd ME line 6) NeugebauerACT 817:7.

12. share - a) share in a businessenterprise: gaptam qd-ti lublunimmalet them bring my share of the woolTCL 19 51:11; x URUDU qd-ti leqe ...URUDU qd-at-kd qd-ti-ma KTS 32c:4and 7; ina ddtim annitim 4 TJiG ana qd-ti-kd from this investment four textiles(go) to your account CCT 1 19a:12; xsilver i-qd-ta-ti-ku-nu iqahher will bededucted from your shares KT Blanckertz3:8, cf. TuM 122a:31, and see geheru mng. Id;PN a-qd-ti-iu nile'e we will claim his sharefrom PN HUCA 39 22 L 29-566:23, cf. JCS 149 S.562:14, also TCL 21 216A:19; dumma qd-turn a PN qd-ta-at u qd-ti PN, qd-ta-atif PN's share is a (separate) share andPN2's share is a (separate) share (i.e.,they are not jointly responsible) Kiiltepec/k 680:16f., cited Or. NS 36 401, cf. ummaqd-ti PN la qd-ta-at kaspum ina qd-at ki=lallimma rakis if PN's share is not a (sep-arate) share, they are jointly responsiblefor the silver ibid. 25 f.; x kaspam garrupamqd-ti u qd-ti abini addima I deposited xrefined silver, my share and our prin-

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qitu 12acipal's share CCT 3 9:27f., and see naddmng. 2c-1', see also leqi mng. 3a-2',maqdtu mng. 3a-3', (ehU, zamdru B; xkaspam qd-at-kd-ma ali ibagiu ina kaspikaalaqqe BIN 4 33:28; x tin qd-sui a PNRA 60 128 AO 11216:8, cf. CCT 5 22a:21; Xtalents of copper qd-ta-am §a PN ilti PN21k MA.NA.TA PN3 iS'am PN3 bought PN'sshare from PN2 at a price of one and one-third minas (of silver) for each (talent ofcopper) CCT 1 17a:2; PN said, "48 shekelsof gold qd-tdm Sa PN aS'ammajdti izzazamumma PN2-ma PN3 ahiz qd-ti i'amma Suadtiizzassum PN's share, I bought, and so itbelongs to me," PN2 said, "My brother PN3bought my share, it belongs to him"(shares in a dead merchant's investmentsinherited by his children) MVAG 35/3 311:7and 11, cf. ibid. 310:8 and r. 1'; as for thethirty minas of silver of PN's that PN6owed him 10 MA.NA kaspam qd-ti PN2mer'at PN PN3 u PN4 ahua ilqeu 10 MA.NAkaspam qd-8s PN4 mer'a PN ilqe 10 MA.NAkaspam qd-su PNs ahuu ilqe ana qd-ta-ti-gu-nu PN2 PN4 u PN5 ana PN6 u mer'eu ulaiturru PN3 and PN4, her brother, took tenminas of silver, the share of PN2, PN'sdaughter, PN4, PN's son, took ten minas ofsilver, his own share, PN5, his (PN4's)brother, took ten minas of silver, his ownshare, PN2, PN4, and PN5 will not sue PN6and his sons again for their shares CCT5 21a:7-16; 3 TTG ana TtTG.HI.A 5a iStap=kuni umalalma ana mala t&rtika a-qd-ta-ti-kd anaddi I will provide three textilesin order to match the number of textilesthey have deposited, and I will depositthem according to your instructions asyour various shares ICK 1 15:17; for xminas of gold 9a5 qd-ta-tim fuppibit karimharim inumi 3 GUN 40 MA.NA.TA sfG.HI.Aina GN ilqe'ini §a 5 qd-ta-tim u qd-tdm6a PN SU.NIGIN 6 qd-ta-tim alqe I have acertified deed in the bit kdrim entitlingme to five shares - when they had ac-quired in GN three talents forty minas ofwool (for) each (shareholder), I collected(wool) for five shares and also PN's share,

q~tu 12bin all six shares BIN 6 176:2-8, also 11-19,and frequently in texts dealing with OAtrade in wool carried out as a collectiveenterprise by the bit karim in which in-dividual merchants had shares, see Veen-hof Old Assyrian Trade 134f.

b) other occs.: he should receive 21silas of bread and one sila of beer perday ana E.DUB.BA.A alakam iuhissu qd-as-su hitma usdtam ina muhhilu Sukunsend him to school, weigh out his share,provide him with sustenance (I will repaythe barley) CT 2 11:30; annakam qd-tiina GN igdm he bought tin, my share (?),in GN ABIM 20:16; ki qd-as-su ina minimiliku what is his share (?), what is hisilku duty about? BIN 7 12:8; kaspam u,ibassu ina qd-ti-ka talaqqal (or else)you will pay the silver and the intereston it from your own share YOS 2 27:21,cf. ina qd-ta-ti-ku-nu uSamdadkunut (if Ican prove that you (pl.) appropriated thewages of my slaves) I will make you payit from your own shares BIN 7 49:20 (allOB letters); i GfN (Kt.BABBAR) qd-ta-atPN u 1 narkabu (see narkabu) CT 621a:9 (OB); isimmanam(zfD.BULUG4) qa-ta-at LT.ME Hani ahhiunu limtahharu(see maharu mng. 6) ARM 1 134:17; qd-ti-ma PN mutija qd-tum §a PN2 the share (?)of my husband PN is the share of PN2(uncert.) MDP 28 424:6f.; mdru rab4 1 qa-a-ta inassaq ilaqqe u Sa anite qa-ti-§uitu ahheSpu puiru ialli the oldest sontakes for himself the (one-third) share ofhis choice and for his second (one-third)share he casts lots with his brothers KAV2 ii 11 and 13 (Ass. Code B § 1), cf. 2 qa-a-ta[.. .] inassaq ilaqqe ibid. ii 3; zitta ki qa-ti-Su ilaqqe (the posthumous son) takesa share (from the estate of his naturalfather) according to the share due himKAV 1 iv 10 (Ass. Code § 28), cf. the oldestson 2 qa-ta ilaqqma PN i~tu a hheu gehheriiti qa-ta mithdr takes two thirds,(while) PN shares equally with his youngerbrothers KAJ 1:21 and 24; uncert.: mimma

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qitu 13annia . .. ina urkti il-tu ahhe x x qa-ti-4uKAJ 179:22 (MA); PN 2-ni-gu ileqqe u PN2 ki§u-ti-Su ileqqe ina amdti attamannu kiqa-ti-6u-ma ileqqe (of the estate) PN takestwo thirds and PN2 takes according to theshare due him, (and) each takes slavegirls according to the share due him (notek GiR-Su 73:17) HSS 5 72:36ff., cf. HSS 14108:16, also PN GAL u PN2 §E§.TUR kma§u ileqqe SMN 3094:35, also kz [qa]-ti-ninizdz JEN 644:17; minumm HA.LA-Ui ka-as-su-nu §a URU GN their(!) entire share(of the inheritance), their share which isin GN JEN 519:4, cf. (a field) ka-az-zu-um §a PN AASOR 16 65:10, x barley qa-tum Sa PN HSS 9 66:6; 30 MA.NA AN.NAqa-ti-u a PN ina muhhija aib ana PNanandin SMN 2158:9 (all Nuzi); magi qa-te-gi-nu ki ana gire uma[llu] (see girdi Ausage a) LKA 72:11, see TuL p. 46; for putqdti in NB see piitu.

13. item: teretim it&t qa-tam ana ulummdtim ... [...] [let them perform] theextispicy concerning the welfare of theland once RA 66 123:27 (Mari let.), also ibid.29 and 31, cf. if your extispicy is indecisiveana ,u-ka tir CT 31 46:11, also ibid. 4, 15,17, CT 20 47 iii 36 (SB ext.); eli mare ummdni... qa-ta-a-te ahennd ukinma t&reti ki piiten indahharama I assigned separatestations to the scholars and still the omenswere found to be in agreement BorgerEsarh. 82 r. 22; 56,15 §u-ka 45 A.A-k a eli§u-ka 45,56,15 illi (you add) 56,15, youritem, 45, your area, to your item and45,56,15 will result Sumer 18 pl. 3:11 (OBmath.); x dates §a 3 qd-ta-tim a GI§.SARKI.TA from three items from the lowerorchard TCL 17 37:21 (OB let.); one minaof silver SU.TI.A PN KI PN2 qd-ti Kt.BABBAR ha-ar-pu-um IN.NA.AN.SUMborrowed by PN from PN2 , he pays part(of the debt) of the silver .... (the restin linseed) TCL 10 91:4 (OB); x gold qa-ti6aniti second item GCCI 2 343:5 (NB); hewill deliver the dates ina 1-et u x" in onedelivery VAS 3 211:4 (NB).

qitu 15a

14. list - a) in lex.: im. u.gub.ba= uv-u = qa-tum a tup-pi Hg. A II 118, inMSL 7 113, also (explaining mudas2, imsmunedl, imigid, imzid, imgarrd, imampadi, imgipu) ibid. 121-127; im.sar.Aub.ba = Au-u = MIN (= qa-tum) musard,[im.sar.m]u.pa.da = §v-u MIN ibid.119f.; KI.LAM.SU.uru.ginx = KI.LAM ki-ma AU URU Ai. II iii 33.

b) in headings of lists: qd-ti A.§ATLB 1 127:1; qd-tizfD.DA ibid. 133:1, qd-ti§E liqtdtim ibid. 95:1, 96:1, 97:1, 125:1;qd-ti ,e-e ibid. 160:1, 10, YOS 13 189:1, VAS7 135:1, 153:1; qd-ti ERfN.HUN.GA PBS 1356:1, cf. qd-du SE.KIN.KUD list of har-vesters CT 8 lla:1, qd-ti ERIN za-bi-il(?)§a-har.HI.A ibid. 14b:1; qd-ti par CT 4584:1, CT 4 8b:1 (all OB).

c) other occs.: ummaunu . . . ul amatekallim [u] ina qa-ti-ia ul Aarat theirmother is not a slave girl of the palaceand she is not recorded (as such) on mylist ARMT 13 141:9, cf. (uncert.) PN ina e-er-ha-a-ni-im ina qd-ti-im ul ibaSli BIN 729:7; give barley to the naditu womenkima qd-ti-li-na Kienast Kisurra 157:7; a=SSum qd-ti NINDA ... a mahrika qd-tam6udti i [. . .] Kraus AbB 1 6:13f.; fe'am

§udti ana qd-tim amdudma TLB 4 54:9, cf.acar ana qd-tim ippalaru ibid. 21 (all OB);whether Au in the notation u a. tam.e.ne, parallel Au 6 DN at the end ofearly OB lists, e.g., YOS 5 1 vi 30, and passimin this volume, UET 5 809 left edge 5, Au 6. galibid. 820:15, has the meaning "list" or themeaning "jurisdiction" or the like is un-certain; the reading of im. ~u in themeaning "section, paragraph" (see MCTp. 165 s.v.) is unknown.

15. (a unit of measure) - a) of palmfibers: 30 qd-ta-tim a zi-i ubi[lim] sendme thirty q.-s of palm fibers VAS 16 50left edge, cf. 30 qd-ta-tim a ZoT.GI§IMMARPBS 7 82:13 (both OB letters), see LandsbergerDate Palm p. 20.

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qitu 15b

b) of flax: 8 GUN 50 [MA.NA] GADA... PAP 1 lim 20 §U" GCCI 2 300:5, cf.two shekels of silver ana 300 U I" dGADA Nbn. 370:1, for other refs. see kithmng. 2a, note: two thousand q. for 18alhu garments Nbn. 164:23, 750 q. for

two pieces of linen of 12x4 cubits, i.e.,ca. seven and one half q. for one squarecubit Pinches Peek 2:1.

16. qdtum, a qdtim normal quality,current quality, loose amounts - a) Saqdtim (OA): 175 TfJG qadum a liwitim. . . allibbi a qd-tim nad['u] 175 textiles,together with the wrappings, are de-posited among those of ordinary qualityBIN 4 65:17, also ibid. 31; x TjG.HI.A . .Sa qd-tim KT Blanckertz 17:2; 20 T(JG aqd-tim Jankowska KTK 8:11', and passim; (giveme) 20 kutdnlaqd-tim3 kutdnmSIG5 CCT547c:9; qubdti lu damqitim lu a qd-timCCT 4 36a:24, and passim, 1 abarnium 2 qat.nitum 4 9a qd-tim Bohl Leiden Coll. 2 41LB 1201:16, see Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 120;illuqutim panitim 5 GU URUDU 9 MA.NAia qd-ti-im 8 MA.NA faddu'utum ikul ofthe previous consignment of merchan-dise, x copper (was spent) as "loosecopper," x minas the §addu'utu tax con-sumed BIN4 148:3; possibly in OB: NINDASa §u (for context see akalu usage b-1')Sumer 14 67 No. 42:5.

b) qati: x AN.NA qd-tim loose (?) tinICK 1 73:9, and passim, also AN.NA qd-ti-SuBIN 4 229:13, BIN 6 203:4, CCT 1 38 a:2 and 14,etc., AN.NA qd-ti-kd BIN 4 29:14, cf. xAN.NA a-qd-ti-Su-nu CCT 5 5a:8, also HeckerGiessen 21:4, cf. TuM 1 2b:7, also 2 MA.NAAN.NA i 10 MA.NA URUDU a-qd-ti-Su-nuTuM 1 24e:11 (all OA); exceptionally in OB:

fiq qd-ti regular (?) iqu measure EdzardTell ed-Der 204: 1f., wr. U ibid. 202:1, 203:6,etc., §usip §U ARM 9 280:5, ARM 18 28:6and 9.

c) qdtu: 1 meat 10 kutdng qd-tdm8 kuta i s1s -tim... PN iraddiakkum BIN

qtu4 221: 7, cf. 1 meat kutani qd-tum 10abarni CCT 3 49a:5, etc., see Veenhof OldAssyrian Trade 200.

Goetze, JCS 2 269f. Ad mng. 14: Landsberger,MSL 1 125.

qtu in bel qati s.; craftsman; OAkk.,Akkadogram in Hitt.; cf. qdtu.

a) in OAkk.: be-lu qd-td-tim (sum-marizing personnel receiving rations)MDP 14 71 ii 10.

b) in Hitt.: a plowman, weaver, car-penter, leather worker (summed up as)ku-in EN QA-TI whatever craftsman (con-trasted with LfJ.EL-LU freeman) KBo 54:39, see Friedrich Staatsvertrage 1 58, wr.[EN] QA-TI (var. EN §U-TI) KUB 6 44+ iv42, var. from KUB 19 54:5, see Friedrich Staats-vertrage 1 140; I -TU NAM.RA EN.ME§ QA-TI(var. BE-LU.HI.A [. . .]) KUB 26 43+ :50, var.from ibid. 1617/u 47 (land grant), see Imparati,RHA 32 (1974) p. 30 and 90.

Friedrich Staatsvertrage 1 84 f.

q~tu in bit qiti s.; building wing (usedas workroom or storehouse); NA, NB;wr. syll. and i u("); cf. qdtu.

a) in NA - 1' in private contexts:bitu ep§u ... bitu elz bit abusate A S§kimahhu ina libbi (sale of) an improvedplot (including house, pen, bathhouse),upper room, storehouse, a wing with atomb in it ADD 326:6, cf. 3 §UII.ME§tarbaqu 1 daltu ina libbi ADD 335:2 (coll.S. Parpola), cf. also ADD 341:4, 342:3.

2' of a temple or palace complex:Ninurta Kaka ina §u" imitti bit hisdlni Nusku ina fi §u"I umeli MIN (= bithildni) KAV 42 i 15f., cf. Haja Kusu ina§U" ina tarbaqi ibid. 27, see Frankena Takultu123; Kaka ina ahiri ina E u" ina imitti 8aASur Nusku ina 6ahri ina t Su" 5a SumeliEnlil ina EN §UII "a ina pit Bel-labriaNinurta ina bzt larri Maddnu ina s uvI

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qtu8a ubusdte van Driel Cult of AgAur 98 ix 35ff.;bit karme fa birti E AU" Ltj a pan ekalli§a birti duri (see karammu usage b-2'and discussion) ABL 329:10; SU1I.MESana 6d birt[e] [r]aapa gam[mura] the bitqdti's are completely repaired for theofficial of the garrison Iraq 25 74 No. 67:19;2 Bgbe ina pani §u" S'a arri E LIfLGIBIL (?) Sumer 30 64 A 14; gU I" a SANGAibid. B 1, cf. 19; they are eating and drinking(improperly) ina E UII.MES a tamkdriKAV 197:54; takpirtu dannutu ina muhhi

I Bu" a L(f.SAG.ME§-ni ussetiq I per-formed an efficacious cleansing ritualover the bit qdti of the palace officialsABL 970 r. 3, cf. ina E u" Sa LO.SAG.ME Parpola LAS No. 342:2; x hurasu sakrux la sakru ina u" SIa Lf galdanibdtissakna he put three minas of refined (?)and four of unrefined (?) gold in the bitqdti of the confectioner ABL 114:20;anutu ammar ina l[ibbiS]u iktirik ina E§U".ME§-[i]a [i]k-ta-[ra-ar] K. 978 r. 4(courtesy K. Deller); dullu eppal [. . .] uuruptu [§a Sarr]i ina libbi issen E uv"

[...] dli pahhura I am performing therites, and the [...] and the funeralburning [of the king] are gathered into asingle bit qdti of the city ABL 378:14, seeParpola LAS No. 195; as workroom: ina EgU" a Sarri ackdpu ue ubu Senu eppuuthey assign leather workers to the bit qdtiof the king and they are making shoesKAV 197:48; (tin and antimony brought astribute) mimma anniu ana E qa-te [...]KAJ 274:16; ina ~E U" (in broken context)ABL 319:9, 329 r. 2, 1188:4.

b) in NB letters from the time of theSargonids: ina E un-ka taltaknu mammatuppiul ikillakka you (pl.) have deposited(the tablets) in your (sing.) bit qdti, no oneshould withhold any tablets from you CT22 1:33 (let. of Asb.); enna ad2 itti ahheaina B.GAL mdsarti §U I" eppu (seemdAartu in ekal mdlarti) Thompson Rep.240:9; redzja ... a umaliru' UII.MEki add ABL 866 r. 10.

qituc) in later NB - 1' as temple store-

house: barley ultu E qa-ti ana kissatuimmeri Nbn. 732:2, cf. VAS 6 173:9, wr.E §U II Nbn. 361:1, Evetts Ner. 51:11, Camb.40:4, and passim; barley ultu E qa-tum ababi 82-7-14,1161:4; beams (?) ana bitqem&ti E SUII.MES u ana GN (see qemi inbit qeimti) TCL 9 121:13; x vats of beerin the storehouse x dannu ikari .. . inaE qa-ti (accounted for) CT 22 96:6 (let.);dates ultu uSv (parallel: ultu Sutummu)82-7-14,58:2, cf. Nbn. 370:6, 912:2, Pinches Peek5a:2; (wool) ultu E §uII a babi ibid.5b:3, cf. Nbn. 664:2, 785:2, cf. 415:3, (dye-plants) Nbn. 413:2, Camb. 11:5, wr. E qa-tum82-7-14,874:4, (linen) CT 2 2:12f., Nbn. 137:6,1121:16, (garments) Nbn. 290:1, (arrows)82-7-14,1223:2; for silver: kaspu ultu kaspi

a ina § 1 u" Nbn. 337:6, also 161:10, 245:10,824:20, qa-bu-ut ina UII" Nbn. 1043:7, VAS4 41:11; kaspu ... ina hindi ina E §U 1

Nbn. 673:16, (gold) Nbn. 394:2, (iron) Nbn. 571:37,41, 44, 684:4; (bronze and tin) ultu f §u"ana nerebi a immeri a bit Bunene Nbn.471:3; rations for LO.ERIN.ME§ Sa E §UYOS 7 16:12; B u" epuItu 6upalitu VAS15 48:8, 12, 15, §u 1 elenitu a e[lenu]] Su 11 1[ [udtu] VAS 15 36:9f., cf. ibid. 11,48:7.

2' of private persons: a built-on plotwith a wing and an upper story on itE " u bit rugubuu eputu Sa ina bdbnerebi a E.IRI 1 .GAL BRM 2 44:3, cf. ibid.20f., 48:2; bit kari u E qa-tum (rented) VAS5 145:2, also §u" a bit assuppuTuM 2-3 30:1; bitu a PN. .. ina libbi bltuad bztu pa-ni u(!) §u" a ina tarbaqu

(rented) Evetts Ner. 29:3; bitu 6ad Sa inaIutummu ... i §u a PN (sold) VAS 552:4; (rent me that storehouse for thirtyyears) ina E §u I Sudtu lurub u lili inalibbiXu u mimma gabbi Sa LO ri-du Sd ta-din anawar u anaddakka let me havefree access to this storehouse, and what-ever .... I will take care of and give(back) to you VAS 15 31:10; elevenshekels Szm 8 u II" 6udti gamru elat ru

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qAtu

gubulu BRM 2 39:17, cf. (twenty shekels) ibid.9:11, (25 shekels) ibid. 30:12, (fifty shekels) VAS15 36:14; A §U 1I a irib biti VAS 15 48:5;

u §U" a ati Sa ina libbi mil a §u 1

udti BRM 2 9:4, of. ibid. 30:5, S§UnI-Sueputu a ina bdbi §a Anu his bit qti,completed, (located) at the Anu gate BRM2 39:2, also 9:2, 30:2, VAS 15 31:3, 48:3, andpassim, see Falkenstein Topographie 14 f., 36f.;uncert.: 4 ummdnu ina muhhi uru a bdbDN u bb flliru uSabbat u rihit ummdnuina i UII.ME-iu-nu uSabbatu he willlodge four artisans on the roofs of the DNgate and of the Illiru gate, and the restof the artisans in their (the gates') wingsYOS 7 5:9.

qitu in la bit q&ti s.; official in chargeof the storehouse; NB; wr. Sa fSu(; cf. qatu.

PN Sd M §u" mimma mddu ultu bit [kare]ina muhhija usi PN, the official in thebit qdti, took (illegally) many things fromthe storehouse in my charge TCL 13 170:6,of. ibid. 17; barley ana kurummat ummdnuPN Id AU 11 Nbn. 984:6, also (same person)PN Sd §U 82-7-14,254:10, Nbn. 840:3, cf. CT22 14:26, (same person) Nbn. 407:3, also YOS 7143:6, (same person) BIN 1 174:28, cf. also Camb.256:3, YOS 6 229:49f.

qatu in Aa pan bit qati s.; overseer ofthe storehouse; NA*; cf. qatu.

LJ Sa pan u§I a [. . .] the overseerof the bit qdti of the [. . .] ABL 875:8.

qitu in la qti s. fem.; 1.2. hand towel; EA, RS, NA;and Sa gU(.ME§); cf. qtu.

bracelet,wr. syll.

1. bracelet: 1 §u Sa §u zintu huldiadi 6 ina minUti hurda uhhuzu one set (?)

of bracelets (made) of genuine huldlustone beads, numbering six, set in goldEA 22 ii 9, also, wr. S[a qa]-t[i] EA 27: 111,

a §U.ME§ EA 29:183, 186, 188; 27 indtu

qitummahuldl fadi hurda uhhuza Sa U 27 beadsof genuine hulalu stone, set in gold, (as ?)bracelets (?) EA 25 ii 18, cf. 19ff. (all lettersof TuSratta); 2 tapal semer Sepe u a vu-tihurdqi Iuqultalunu 6 meat 28 two pairsof anklets and bracelets of gold weighing628 (shekels) MRS 6 183 RS 16.146+ :5;2 a SUII.ME§ eri two copper braceletsADD 964 r. 11 (NA).

2. hand towel: the servant T1YG Sd§UII.ME sa'urate imahhar zakudte iddanremoves the soiled (?) hand towels andproffers clean ones MVAG 41/3 62 ii 19(NA rit.).

q5tu in ~St qati s.; manacles; OB, Mari,SB; cf. qatu.

gat qa-ti, illurtu = ii qa-ti Malku I 93f.; [i]S-qa-tu (var. gat qa-tu) = bi-ril-[tu] ibid. 94a.

awleI unuti kussdma ga-at qa-[tim]pddagunutima arrest these men and lockthem in manacles ARM 1 28:31, cf. PN(<TA> a-at qa-tim apddakluma ... attar:daSSu ARM 5 31:12; PN... 1 L$ GI§ ga-atqa-tim pad... ikudunim PN (and) a manin manacles arrived ARM 14 53:8, cf. ibid. 24;PN Sa alpika naii a-a-at qd-tim imha.uma. . . itri TCL 17 1:23 (OB let.); ina iqtiSat qa-ti 6igdri utammihma I held him inhandcuffs(?), manacles, and shacklesAynard Asb. 36 ii 19, also Bauer Asb. 2 15 iv 12,wr. GIg Sat qa-ti (var. ina gi i i-qa-tiparzilli birzti parzilli) Piepkorn Asb. 48 iii 2,for vars. see iq qdti.

qtfl in la qatf adj.; unending, unceasing;SB; cf. qati v.

nam.ti.la urs kin. a 6.ga nu.til.le.da : ba-lat na-mar ka-bat-ti la qa-ta-a a life of unendingbright mood 4R 12 r. 11f., see 4R Add. p. 2.

tetirma hi.ba la qa-ta-a qa-ri-ra teptiyou .... unceasing abundance, youopened .. .. AfO 19 65 iii lower portion 8.

qatumma see qdtamma.

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qatunu

qatunu s.; (a plant); SB.*fT qa-tu-nu 8a ad (between tigil and

sibru, in list of medicinal substances)Kocher BAM 254:15.

qatfitu s.; finishing; MB*; cf. qate v.6undti itanamm[aru] u qa-tu-tu Sa E.x

ana hamdiu iteld they keep havingdreams and the finishing of the [...]temple(s) has come up (in the dreams)five times JCS 6 144 r. 4 (let. from Telmun).

*qatipu see qatapu.

qalf v.; to approach; NB*; Aram. lw.;I *iqa(fa.

mannu arkci a illmma ana nard anndi-qut-fu-i u a MU ara ipa iftuma lumuila(fari (may the gods curse) anyone whoin the future appears and approaches thisstela and who erases (my) name andwrites his own name Weissbach Misc. pl. 4iii 6 (inscr. of Aama-red-uur, governor of Suhi).

von Soden, Or. NS 46 192.

qit s.; woodcutter; NB*; Aram. lw.The gods of my lord know (I swear)

ki tuppi u tuppi agd 2 hallimanu ana L1tqa-DI-e ana muhhi samullu la apura thatduring that period I sent two rafts tothe woodcutters to (fetch) the samulluwood ABL 462:10.

See also qettd'u.von Soden, Or. NS 37 264.

q'u see kd'u.

qawali (or kawali) s.; (a container);MB Alalakh*; Hurr. word; Hurr. pl.qawalena.

3 qa-wa-le-na hur6gi (between golddlhu's and gold lahannu bottles) Wise-

man Alalakh 390:2.

Probably to be connected with kawalzuru, q.v.

qeberuqazan (kazan) s.; (mng. uncert.); MBAlalakh*; Hurr. word.

21 chairs qa-za-an-e-na u 4 paiureqa-za-an-e-na-am of q. and four tablesalso of q. Wiseman Alalakh 420:2 and 4; seealso ibid. 435:16 ft., cited kazan.

qazpu see qaspu.

qeberu (qabdru) v.; 1. to bury the dead,2. to bury (objects), to cover up, hide,3. to roll up in a cloth or reed mat inpreparation for burial, 4. qubburu tobury, 5. qubburu to roll up, 6. IV tobe buried; from OB on; I iqbir - iqebbir(iqabbir), 1/2, II, 11/2, IV; cf. naqbaru,qabbiru, qabru, qebru, qubirtu, qubiru.

[ki].ti m = qe-be-rum Nabnitu XXIII 205;ki. tim = qe-be-ru 5R 16 r. ii. 43 (group voc.);ki. tu-un(text -AB)tiim = te-me-rum, ki.tiim.ak.a =qe-be-ru Erimhul VI 30 f.

gur = MIN (= la-wu-u) Id fqu-ub-bu-ril Nabnitu0 267; [gu]r.gur = qub-bu-r[u] Nabnitu XXIII213.

nigin sag.iti.nu.til.la urugal.la.al ki.anu.tum.ma : izbu kubu §[a ina qabri] la qeb-ruASKT p. 82-83:13f., see AOAT 1 4; for anotherbil. ref. see mng. 5.

tu-qab-bar 5R 45 K.253 viii 35.

1. to bury the dead - a) as a piousdeed and obligation: urri u midi eliSuabki ul addiu ana qe-be-ri-im ibrimanitabbiam ana rigmija day and night Iwept over him, I did not give him up forburial, would that my friend would riseat my wailing Gilg. M. ii 6, also Gilg. X v 15,ana q-be-ri addinunuti (in broken con-text) ADD 941 iii 9; mdra uSmdtma abui-qab(var. -qa-ab)-bir-iu arka aba u mdtma qe-bi-ra ul ii I will put the son todeath and the father will bury him, laterI will put the father to death and therewill be no (son left) to bury him CagniErra IV 97 f.; atta efemmu la mammanamaa q-bi-ra u sa-qi-ra la tSzi2 you ghost,

without any (family), who have nobodyto bury you or speak your name KAR227 iii 28, dupl. LKA 89 r. i 20, see TuL p. 132:54;

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qeberuquhdram istin lurabbima umma andkumaana qe-be-ri-ja lirbia I would like to raisea youngster, thinking: Let him grow upto bury me BIN 7 41:27 (OB let.); [in]a jmePN . . . [i]llaku ana §zmt[i a5ar iqabbii-qab-bi-ru-ui -[ma] igallalu ema bibillibbi[§u] when PN dies they will bury himwherever he indicates so that he maylie where he wishes ADD 647 r. 22; SAL.E.GAL.ME§ iraggam[a ma] alkani SAL. .GAL mdratkina [lu] [ta-qabl-bi-ra they callup the (spirits of the former) queens,saying: Come and bury the queen, yourdaughter ZA 45 44:41 (NA rit.), cf. taklit.talunu kallumat qa-ab-ru bakiju ABL437:15, also lantuha la-aq-bi[r] (in brokencontext) ZA 52 226:16 (all NA); enjma imdtibakkiu u i-qe-eb-bi-ir-iu when he (theadoptive father) dies, he (the adoptedson) will wail over him and bury himHSS 9 22:15, also HSS 19 11:24, RA 23 144No. 9:16 (all Nuzi); note enu[ma] PN [BA.U]G6 .ME§ U PN2 [u] PN 3 ibakkiu [u] li-qe-eb-bi-[ir] HSS 19 28:24; ahmaham i-qa-bi-ru either will bury the other MDP 28425:15 (partnership agreement); note referringto an animal as substitute: rSAL+A1+QARkima balitti tukan[nadma te-qeb-bir-Ai youtreat the kid gently as if it were aliveand then you bury it LKA 79:28, cf. LKA80:12 (NA rit.), see TuL p. 69 f.

b) (negated) to leave unburied (aspunishment or in curses): ina iqi izaq=qupui la i-qa-ab-bi-ru-li they impale herand leave her unburied KAV 1 vii 97 and101 (Ass. Code § 52); pagar qurddiLun ina laqe-be-ri uJdkil zibu I let jackals eat thecorpses of their warriors left unburiedBorger Esarh. 58 v 6, cf. pagaru ina la qe-be-ri liba$6iru kalbu (see ba4dru mng. 2)ADD 646 r. 31 and 647 r. 31 (Asb.), see PostgateRoyal Grants Nos. 9 and 10:64, cf. (Sargon)ina bztiSu la qeb-ru Eretz Israel 5 154:9;pagardu aj addin ana q-be-ri Streck Asb.62 vii 45; ina ungi u bubiti napitu6 liqtilimqut almassuma qi-bi-ra aj irli mayhis life come to an end through oppression

qeberuand hunger, may his corpse be cast asideand may there be no one to bury (him)BBSt. No. 36 vi 55, also No. 9 ii 25; Iuma kisittiu qe-bir NU TUK (whoever takes awaythe tablet) will have no son, descendant,or anyone to bury him Hunger KolophoneNo. 91:7.

c) other occs.: PN .. . ina GN mitmaqe-bi-ir PN, having died in GN, is buried(there) BE 14 8:15 (MB), cf. [. .. x]-x-kaqe-bi-ir TCL 18 81:10 (OB let.); imdtmaina la dliu qe-bi-ir TIM 9 79:4 (OB ext.);fPN imit ina UD.13.KAM iq-be-e-ru-iDalley Edinburgh 21:6 (OB); ki m tdkau ekdnuli-iq-bi-ru-in-ni when I die, where shouldthey bury me? CT 54 1 r. 10 (NB let.); inaraqqati §a GN qe-bir he was buried in theswamp of GN King Chron. 2 52:6, also ibid. 4and 56:14; [a] ina um .tuhdi irb2 ina um3ummi i-qab-[bi-ru-Su] he who grew upduring a time of plenty will be buried ina time of want (lit. thirst) Cagni Erra IIc 19;ummu Sa urabbInu iq-bi-ra [mdra]6a themother herself who had brought up herson buried him STT 71:54 (NA lit.), see RA 53137; ir-bir kakki mdhiija ina qdt qe-bi-ri-jamarra ilcim he (Marduk) shattered theweapon of the one who was about to smiteme, he took the spade from the hand ofhim who was ready to bury me Ugaritica 5162:43'; baltussu ina ergeti te-qeb-bir-malumuniupatir STT 89:179; uncert.: [qe]retimar Bdbili mu-x-[. . .] bit qe-be-ri-Suepulu ina qeret[i .. .] Lambert BWL 58:28.

2. to bury (objects), to cover up, hide -a) stelas, etc.: Sa temmenja u nareja. . . ina eperim i-qe-bi-ru whoever coversmy foundation documents and my stelaswith earth AOB 1 24 v 19 (8ami-Adad I),also, wr. i-qa-bi-ru-ui AKA 249 v 59 (Asn.),i-qeb-bi-ru BBSt. No. 5 iii 20 (Merodachba-ladan I), ina epri ta-q[ab-bi-ra-ni] WisemanTreaties 412.

b) figurines and other objects used inrit. or magic: galmdnija ina KI.MAH mititaq-bi-ra you have buried figurines of me

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qeberuin a grave with a dead person Maqlu IV31, ina KI.MAH ... te-qeb-bir KAR 224 r. 9,cf. RA 18 20 No. 15:3, also qalmdnija ... inaerreti iq-bi-ru Speleers Recueil 312:13; galsmdnija ina titurri taq-bi-ra-ma ummdnuuabbisu ... . almdnija ina burg ,a aldki<<burta taptd> taq-bi-ra . .. almanija inaiki §a nukarribi burta taptd taq-bi-ra youburied figurines of me on a causeway sothat people stepped upon (them), yourolled figurines of me in a fuller'sreed mats, you made a hole in the gar-dener's dike and buried figurines of mein it Maqlu IV 36-38, cf. ibid. 50-52, [lu ina]gilli balti lu ina qilli addgi burta tepettimate-qeb-bir-ti CT 23 20 ii 15, cf. KAR 234:24,see Or. NS 24 260 and 268, Kocher BAM 323:61;(the figurines) ina erreti ta-qe-bir-u-nu-ti Or. NS 39 136 r. 4, also LKA 156:18, inabiti te-qe-bir LKA 154 r. 20, ina tubqi durite-qeb-bir-li 4R 56 ii 26, ina samit durita-qeb-bir Gray §ama pl. 6 r. 9, see LaesseeBit Rimki 59:98, also PBS 1/1 15:26, ina harbinaditi te-qe-bir-di Kocher BAM 323:38, inabdbi i-qe-bir LKA 144 r. 13, cf. KAR 61:18;the man's spittle ina KI te-qeb-bir KAR43:9 and dupl. 63:9; dir-rat KUA.TAB.BA ta-qeb-bir you bury the .... of the skin(of the black bull) RAcc. 14 ii 32; notetikmennaunu ina reiunu te-qeb-bir youbury their ashes at their heads AfO 18 110col. B 7.

c) other occs.: ki niduku ina tidduni-iq-te-bir after we had killed (the stolenducks) we buried (them) in the mud Iraq13 96:13, cf. iq-bi-ri ibid. 17 (NB leg.).

3. to roll up in a cloth or reed mat inpreparation for burial: pagar alpi Igduina iten TJG.KUR.RA sami ta-qeb-bir youroll up the body of this ox in a redcloth RAcc. 14 ii 19; see also Maqlu IV 37,cited mng. 2b.

4. qubburu to bury: enuma PN imdtau PN2 ibakki u -qa-ab-bar-[S]u when PN(the adoptive father) dies, PN2 (theadopted son) will mourn over him and

qeberubury him HSS 19 39:11, also (text corrupt) ibid.38:26, cf. immatime PN imtut u PN2 ibakk6uma u uq-te-bi-ir-Ju JEN 59:23; kzam elmeummami §a-la(text -ta)-am-ta-lu ina qu=bdtim u-qa-ab-<bi>-ru-ma ana Habur izibuinanna §alamtaSu ul utta u qaqqassu inaGN akin qaqqassu iq-qa-ab-bi-ir u ina ajimSlim iq-qa-ab-bi-ir u agar iq-qa-ab-bi-ruina kidim ina libbi dlim iq-qa-ab-bi-ir uinuma nu-qa-ab-ba-ru- u ina terim nu-qa-ab-ba-ar-Su thus I heard: They haverolled up his body in a cloth and con-signed it to the Habur river. Now I cannotfind his body, but his head is in GN - shallhis head be buried, and in which cityshall it be buried, and, wherever it isburied, shall it be buried inside or outsidethe city, and, whenever we bury it, shallwe bury it in the regular way? ARM 637 r. 4'-14'; nabrar rapu ana qub-bu-ri-u-nu ihliq (see nabrar) 3R 8 ii 100(Shalm. III); obscure: [.. .] = i-qa-ab-barSTT 403:32 (comm. to Labat TDP Tablet III),cf. u-qa-bar-6u (apod., in broken context)KAR 423 r. ii 69 (SB ext.); uncert.: [e(la(?)q]u(or [g]u)-ub-bu-ru u-qab-bar[. . .] nupspu.u unappasu (parallel: §uggusu uAaggalLKU 33:29) PBS 1/2 113 i 15 (Lamastu).

5. qubburu to roll up - a) in prepara-tion for burial: e.ne.em.mA.ni GI.KID.MAH.Am ama dumu.bi Au.ba mi.ni.ib.gur.re : amassu umma mdrtu kzmabure [i-qab]-bar his (Enlil's) word is(like) a reed mat (in which) a mother rollsher child with her own hand SBH p. 7No. 4:24f., and parallels, see Landsberger DatePalm 33; see also ina Qubdtim uqabbirumaARM 6 37 r. 5', cited mng. 4.

b) other occ.: ushi sikcktiki qu-ub-bi-ri qeki (0 Lamatu) pull up your (tent)pegs, roll up your (tent) ropes 4R 56 iii 47.

6. IV to be buried: the housebreaker[ina pani pi]lim iq-q[a-b]i-ir will beburied at the breach (for context seeqabru) Goetze LE § 60:37, see Landsberger,David AV 102; see also ARM 6 37 r. 9'-11',

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qebru qemucited mng. 4; Jalamtalu ina qaqqari aj KU = qe-fel-[mu], upu[ntu], magh[atu] A 1/4:7ff.;iq-qe-bir let his body not be buried in NIO.DA.ME§ = qe-mu Practical Vocabulary Assur

... 162, NfG.DA.ME§ sad-ru ibid. 163, also (with Sathe ground MDP 6 pl. 10 vi 21, also p. 43 ii 162, Nfa.DA.ME sad-r ibid. 163, also (withSIGh, a UD-e, f, hatamli) ibid. 164f.14 (MB kudurrus); na kimdi ud tu ul iq- ba-b-barU = = ka-pa-rum) d ZD.DA A III/3:73;qeb-bir he will not be buried in that grave mu-uKAXKU = MIN (= te-e-nu) fd ZfD.DA AntagalLabat Calendrier § 41:7, cf. ibid. § 41':6, 12, 16, III 232; na 4 .ur 5 .zi.da = (erm) qi-me Hh. XVI32, also § 2:7, 9, ina la bztiiu iq-qe-bir ibid. RS Recension 202.

. [zi. lu.ub.gar], [zi ... ], [zi.ninda].§ 65:10; ina ai i-qe-bir he will be buried rkaskal = qi-me(var. -im) gi-di-tum Hh. XXIIIin the city Dream-book 331:17, cf. ina KI v 4ff.; [zi.dub.du]b.bu = qi-me(var. -[i]m) ma-ul <iq>-qe-bir ibid. 327:71, restored after line aq-qi-tum, MIN si-ir-qi ibid. 8f., [zi.sur].ra =

78, cf. ibid. 328:80; there will be an epidemic MIN MIN ibid. 10; [zi.si].gar = qi-me (var.mztu ul iq-qeb-bir AfO 17 81 r. ii 11 (astrol.). [qi]-im) -i-ga-ri ibid. 12; see also edad ; for

varieties and qualifications in lex. see Hh. XXIIIIn the omen 6umma amutu imittaa u: Fragm. h 5ff. and col. v 1ff., and hamSu, isqiqu,

mela GIM 4(?) ug-da-bir-ma eli [. . .] King kukkuu, ma.hatu, napi adj., peu adj., samidu,sasq , siku, almu, upeltu, takkasu, tappinnu,

Chron. 2 129:7, the verb may have to be tumagu, ulu innu, upuntu, zisurra; for containersinterpreted as a var. to uktabbir, from see kirgunnu, karpatu lex. section; see also (forkabdru. spoilage) kalmatu, lapdtu lex. section.

See also qubburu adj. zid [Ae.m]u9 5 nig.gig gidim.ma.kex(KID)zid.[gig.b]a nig.gig dingir.re.e.ne.ke :

qebru (qabru) adj.; buried; SB; cf. q-e[m] egi i ikkib etemme q[ -e]m [kib]ti ikkibildni (see ikkibu lex. section) Iraq 27 165f.:50 ff.

qeberu. (inc.), restored from dupl. K.166+ :13ff. cited ibid.lu.ki.nu.tim.ma = la qe4 -e-eb-rum OB Lu A p. 169, cf. zid se.in.nu.HA u u.me.ti : qe-em

292; ki.tum.ma = [qebru] AntagalA 190; [g]il. inninni leqema ibid. 54f.; zid d§E.TIR ki.ga =mur = i-[rgil-um qd-ab-ru Proto-Kagal E Bil. Sec- qe-em anan elleti (block the outer door with ation 59. line of) pure cereal flour CT 17 1:9f.; zid u.me.

gidim lu.ki.nu.tum.ma h6.me.en : lu ni.hur : qe-ma te[qir] RA 65 127 r. i 17; zid.etemmu la qeb-rum MIN (= atta) should you be a zu gil.hur.am : qe-mu-ka gilhuru AfO 11 366ghost of someone unburied CT 16 10 v 5f. Sm. 814+ :13f., cf. ibid. 5f.; kalam.ma zid.

i.dul nu.i.dul : qeb-ru la qeb-[ru] ginx(aIM) mu.mu.mes : mdtu kima qe-me(var.(a ghost) buried or unburied ASKT -mi) iqamm. they grind the land like flour CT

16 14 iv 20f., cf. Lugale V 47; na 4 .u.a ...p. 86-87:8, see AOAT 1 6:81, cf. lu efemmu zfd.gin, h6.mu.e.dub.bu.de.en : ammu ...qeb-ru lu etemmu la qeb-ru KAR 21:7 and kima zfD litbukuka may they pour you, "plantCT 23 16:23, see Or. NS 24 248, dupl. Kocher BAM stone," out like flour Lugale X 11.230:33. ZfD.§E.MU§ 5 II /igiau qi-me ubbulu BRM 4 32:8

(med. comm.); BI LtPi eu zfD // paruru a qe-miqlu see qdlJNES 33 336:4 (med. comm.).

qelu see qdlu.a) rations, distribution, econ. use -

*qemitu see *qemu. 1' in OAkk., early OB: x m& .zid.dax (men assigned to load) flour on boats

qemtl see qams B. Reisner Telloh 173 r. 4; x z fd (includingbappir, nig.har.ra, munux, zid,

qmu s.; flour; from OAkk. on; wr. syll. zid.KAL) Nikolski 80:8; x zid gur MDPand ZfD(.DA), (ZI.DA AfO 24 87ff., Labat 14 p. 99 No. 52:8, and passim in OAkk., note:Suse 11 vi 22, MB Elam); cf. qam B, qemu ZfD.BA (Akk. reading unknown) Gelb OAICin bit qemi, qemu a arri, *qem. 53:14; x zfD A An-timx(DIN) ARM 19

zize-", [zfd].da -da = qe-mu Hh. XXIII Fragm. 219:1, 325:1.h 3 f. (from Ras Shamra); zi-i KU = qe-e-mu Sb 1 157;zi-i KU, e KU = qe-e-mu Ea I 172 f.; [zi-id] [KU] = 2' in OA: q-mu-um 1 DUG u 2 DUG[q-m]u = (Hitt.) zfD.DA-an S Voc. G 13; ze-e lim huranni let one or two karpatu meas-

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ures of flour be ready for me KTS 2a:21;1 DUG qe-ma-am ... addin TCL 20 172:1;lu qe-mu-um lu arldtum alar 4e'um ibaSiueiribamapi'a (see arldtu usage a) CCT 314:13; see also naruqqu mng. 2.

3' in OB: 5 SILA qe-mu-um ukul PNUET 5 688:6 and 10; X SILA ZfD.DA PAD PNBirot Tablettes 19:12, cf. ibid. 15:4, X SILAZfD.DA fa PAD LJ U X SILA ZID reddYOS 13 131:2f.; 2 (BAN) 3 SILA ZfD.DAandku alqeam 2 (BAN) ZID.DA PN ublam(totaled as kurummatu) TLB 4 69:5f., andpassim; X SILA ZfD.DA Sa ana ERIN bitawiim innadnu ZI.GA NfI.§U PN YOS 13367:1, cf. TLB 1 103:1, 104:1, 105:1, PBS 8/2175:4, 13, 209:11, 228:11, VAS 7 159:1, 8; XzfD.DA (total of ZID.SAG and zfD.~E)TLB 1 133:9, cf. ZfD.DA (total of ZfD.SAGand zfD.I§) YOS 13 176:8, cf. ibid. 13f.,177:4, 7f.; kurummatam ul il 2 (BAN)ZfD.DA U I SILA §amnam ~ibilam TCL 18124:24 (let.); 1 (PI) 4 (BAN) ZfD.DA aqdti quhdrdtim gibilam ibid. 137:14, cf. VAS16 89:23, YOS 2 106:15; 3 (BAN) ZfD.DAultdbilam bit beltija u bit il biti liSdkiluI am sending x flour, they should providethe house of my mistress and the templeof the family god with food CT 6 39b:10;3 (BAN) ZfD.DA U 6 SILA NINDA a qtimina naruqqim kunkamma Sumer 14 67 No.42:5, cf. ZfD.DA (beside NINDA) JCS 11107 No. 2:17; 1 (PI) ZfD U DUH.UD.DU.Alu ersu x flour and dry bran should beready Kraus AbB 1 29:9; 5 GUR ZfD.DA reSzliki YOS 2 142:7, also MDP 18 248 r. 4; anazfD.DA utunim qdtam altakan PBS7 62:18 (all letters); x ZfD.DA ana t nimKI PN PN2 u PN3 §U BA.AN.TI UD.EBUR.EZID.DA I.AG.E.MES PN2 and PN3 havereceived x flour from PN for grinding,they will measure out the flour at harvesttime VAS 9 53:1 and 9 (tablet) = 54 (case); PN uPN, . . ZfD.DA ana PAD ippuu [in]addisnunidim CT 48 80:8, see Kraus, AbB 7 189;3 EZEN amaS 3 (BAN) ZfD.DA 3 UZUipaqqid he will provide (the naditu) withx flour and three portions of meat at

qemuthree gamaS festivals BE 6/1 42 case 12,also ibid. 39:13, CT 47 42:19, etc., 4 EZEN2 (BAN) ZfD.DA.TA u milertam ipaqqissiBA 5 486 No. 2 r. 3, cf. 508 No. 42 r. 4, CT 4764:18; x zfD.DA (among foodstuffs andobjects for a funerary offering) CT 4599:3; zfD (in heading of ledger besideuzu meat and KA§ beer) TCL 11 249:1;a door for KA GAXNUN ZID.DA the door-way of the flour storehouse Birot Tablettes37:15.

4' in Mari, Shemshara: ZfD.DA Uimmerdtim niqam ana DN ina GN ezibamI left flour and sheep, the offering to DN,in GN ARM 14 11:5; ZfD.DA U billatam ananaptandt birtim a GN (see billatu mng. 2a)ARM 4 81:33; boats full of billitam uZID(translit. ZI).DA ana t DN Jean, RRS1937 106:10 (translit. only); ZfD.DA Sa inapanitim ... uteinu kalmatum iltapat ZiD.DA mddum irabbib inanna ana puhat zfD.DA-SU <ia> ina nalpakim irabbibu .... zfD.DA-§u ana abbi bitim limmadidma ... uZID.DA-ni 5 a ana kurummat awile itennuana nadpakim lidpukuma ri~ ~gbim tillatimzfD.DA-[n]i 5 likil vermin have infestedthe flour that they had had ground pre-viously, much of the flour is spoiled(?),now as replacement for the flour that wasspoiled (?) in the storehouse let his (PN's)flour be distributed to the intendants (forthe palace personnel) and have them storein the storehouse our flour which theywere to grind for the personnel's allot-ment, so that our flour will be availableto the allied troops ARM 14 74:5ff.; aMumqidit LJ GN u pi 6atim ... qdbam anaZID.DA U 1.BA mahdrim aftardam ARMT13 57:11; ina 8 GUR ZfD.DA . . . 3 GURNINDA PN mahir 4i GUR NINDA Sa inabitifu iklh ARM 7 263 iii 14; aSHum iditiunu... ina zfD u NINDA emi ... muttatamNINDA U muttatam [zfD1 ana idbim warhiamma littaddinuunilim concerningtheir provisions, have them give thetroops each month half bread and halfflour from the flour and the sourdough

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bread ARM 1 60:12 and 14, cf. [aumZf]D.DA ana gidit qdbim sakdpim ARM 327:5, cf. ibid. 7, [ina l]ibbi zfD.DA §Atu[m]imma §a akdlim []kulu ibid. 10; a umZfD.DA ana Mari uqalpfm ... kimanaparti b[eli]ja zfD.DA [ana Mari uS ]qa[lp] m as for having the flour broughtdownstream to Mari, I had the flourbrought downstream to Mari in accord-ance with my lord's instructions ARM 1443:4 and 8; [Zf]D.DA umalldi[ndti] I willload them (the boats) with flour ARM 327:22; nakkamatum rzqa le'um qe-mu-um ulibaMi e'am qe-ma-am arhi §ufiam thestorehouses are empty, there is no barleyor flour, have barley and flour broughthere promptly Studies Landsberger 194:47f.(Shemshara let.), cf. ibid. 59, §a uMfSm hem uqe-me-em epuL Laessoe Shemshara Tablets 80SH 812:35.

5' in MB: itu Nippur giditz ZfD.DAU GU.GAL.ME§ IUpuduma let them make upprovisions from Nippur, (namely) flourand chick peas PBS 1/2 70:12 (let.); 8abel zfD.DA u arsani Szikula iSpura (ducksand geese) that my lord instructed me tofeed flour and groats ibid. 54:14; ZfD.DA... a ina libbi hirgal §a GN PN ana napstani flour, which is from the hirgaliflour from GN (issued to) PN for the foodallotment PBS 2/2 66:1; 1 (PI) 4 (BAN)q-e-mu Iraq 11 145 No. 5:23; PN itti ZfD.DAlillik have PN come with the flour (com-prising zfD 6ibri and zfD.TUR.TUR) PBS1/2 31:14 (let.), see also gehheru; barley,emmer, wheat adi x zfD.DA (receivedby the miller) BE 15 132:25; x barley fPNana ZID.DA ina nikkassi ZfD.DA ul iddin§u-d ippal (received by) fPN for (making)flour, he did not enter it in the accountingfor the flour, he is responsible (?) ibid.39:15, cf. NfG.EID ZfD.DA PBS 2/2 118:59;(barley) PN ana ZfD.DA iddin ibid. 58:9, alsoBE 15 47:7; ZfD.DA bandi DUG.GAL.ME§ §amaltiti u kapri lu mddu (see kapru B) Aro,WZJ 8 567 HS 110:7 (let.); ZfD.DA DUG.GALUDU.NITA (heading of ledger) BE 15 149:2,

qemuSE.BAR ZfD.DA KA§ DUG ibid. 154:1, cf.

PBS 2/2 91:1; total: x §E.ZfD.DA §E.KA§U §E.DUG GIS.BAN.GAL aklu Petschow MBRechtsurkunden 30:21; see also aklu B.

6' in Nuzi, MB Alalakh: barley anamundi u ana ZfD.DA.ME§ RA 23 157 No.60:11, cf. x barley ana ebiri ana ZfD.DA.ME u ana mundi ana qdt PN nadnu HSS9 127:1; ZfD.DA ana maqhati HSS 14 181:11;ZID.DA §a PAD.ME consisting of kibtu,ziriu, billu) ibid. 165:6, cf. ibid. 68:6, HSS 1332:11 and p. 98, 347:51; x parisi ZfD.DAie'am JCS 8 23 No. 279:1, 24 No. 282:1, cf.ibid. 8 (MB Alalakh), x parsi ZfD.DA (besidesalt) ibid. No. 283:1, 6, 10, 14.

7' in MA, NA: akum zfD.DA PNalta'al md ana ini ZfD.DA la taten md ,e-um laMu I asked PN about the flour,saying, "Why have you not ground theflour?" (he replied) saying, "There is nobarley" JCS 7 135 No. 62:7 (MA Tell Billa);1 zfD.DA ina suti ,aharti 3 SILA ZID.DA§a KA-i farri x flour (measured) by thesmall seah measure, three silas of flouraccording to the royal decree KAJ 226:8f.,cf. 150 emdr me-um.ME§ ina suti labirti70 emdr zfD.DA.ME§ KAJ 101:3, cf. also (inlists of items) KAJ 180:30ff., 277:11f., 15ff.,319:1; 1 (BAN) NINDA hare 1 (BAN) ZfD.DA ga arri (for a ritual) VAT 10550 i 15,iii 18 (all MA); x ZfD.DA.ME§ (in list ofitems received by charioteers as ilku pay-ment) Iraq 15 146 (pl. 13) ND 3467:7 and 18(NA); six men a ZfD e-,i-di-a-te ...ulelini ABL 579:5; ZfD.DA (beside §E.PAD.ME§) ADD 1036 i 5, cf. iv 2, x ZfD.DA.ME§ ADD 1095:6.

8' in NB: 1 (BAN) qd-mi it&nima hewill grind x flour Bagh. Mitt. 5 227 No. 17iii 15; ZfD.DA itti PN tena' YOS 7 186:11,cf. ibid. 15, Camb. 131:18; qe-me gin napstanu a DN tenzitu VAS 6 173:3; one-halfmina of silver 5 (BAN) qe-me igten eindikar suti eqli gamri x flour, a one-?imdu

container of beer, the entire tax on thefield BE 10 128:1, also TuM 2-3 191:1, (beside

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qemuuffatu) BE 10 127:1, TuM 2-3 148:6, and passim inMuraAf texts, see also qemu 8a 5arri; barleyana qe-me 5a aldm biti for the flour forthe ceremony of greeting the temple Dar.320:5, cf. Nbk. 16:4, Moldenke 2 48:9, VAS 5161:4, qe-me ana 6aldmu rbbtil Nbn. 214:9,and passim; X qe-me sattuk Camb. 374:4 and9, YOS 6 10:14; 1 ikari §a qe-me ginUnaptanu §a DN (see ilkaru A mng. 3f-4')VAS 6 173:12; see also mihru A mng. 5;x MA.NA kaspa x SILA qe-me idi u qidztux silver, x flour, the wages and provisions(for two royal soldiers) TuM 2-3 183:1, cf.ibid. 10, also arhd x SiLA qe-me idZssu anaPN inandinu RA 25 78 No. 8 r. 2; 2 (BAN)qe-me a[na] qiditu 82-7-14,1459:8, see alsogiditu usage h, gimru mng. 3d; zfD.DA... ana abe ... u kisidtu ... ana alpeidin BIN 1 91:21; qe-me 5a bit kari Camb.374: 1; qe-me mahr flour from the previousdelivery Nbn. 510:10, CT 22 207:7; barleyana qe-me ana mahriru 5a Annunitu nadin(see mahriru) Dar. 285:9; ZID.DA kurum=mat §iraka (heading of list) VAS 6 230:1;umu 3 SILA qe-me kurummdt maldhictuTuM 2-3 34:10; kaspu immeru qe-me tdbdtisahle 5amnu Aikaru tdbu hunzu kurummdtugabbi BRM 1 71:1, cf. VAS 6 123:1, and passim;x SILA qe-me mu-taq(?) -qu ana LY um-ma-nu idin give x flour for cakes (?) to theworkmen 82-7-14,1263:2, also GCCI 2 149:1;x uffatu ina qe-me liddnu ana PN nadinx barley issued to PN from the flour (for)the young birds Nbn. 29:1; 3 (BAN) SILAqe-me ana GI§.DA AJSL 27 213 No. 5:1; xuttatu [x] amama5ammi ana qe-me nadnux barley and x linseed (?) issued for flourNbn. 330:2; x suluppu ana qe-me UET 4122:21, cf. suluppilu m qe-me a MU.4.KAMCamb. 261:5; (the garment) ana qe-me usulupp indaharaSu CT 2 2:23; rarely wr.qe-mu: 5 BAN qe-mu Oberhuber Florenz 134:3,GCCI 2 136:1, YOS 3 149:17.

9' other occs.: zfD.DA.ME§ kara-ne anatdkulti ummdnija karp ilpukma (the king ofthe Manneans) had storage piles of flourand wine prepared to feed my army TCL

qemu3 53 (Sar.); 1 (BAN) ZfD.DA (among itemsfor offerings) BiOr 28 12 iv 5 (Marduk proph-ecy); a[na] x zfD x zfD lu uraddi 3[GUR ZfD] K[IN UD.1.KAM] u[kin] Iadded x flour to the x flour and thusestablished three gur of flour as the dailyprovisions (for gamag) JEOL 20 58:184ff.(Cruc. Mon.); kurke 5a zfD NIO.LAG.OA KfJgeese fed with flour (and?) dough RAcc.78:16, cf. ibid. 79:28.

b) varieties and qualities: x qe-mebitqa x ha-la-ah-la x qe-me [sad]-ra82-7-14,1961:2 and 5, for other refs. seehalhallu adj.; x qe-mu sa-dar AnOr 835:10, for other refs. see sadru; zfD.DAhirgalU YOS 7 186:8, also, wr. qe-me VAS6 114:1 (all NB); see also meszi adj., napiadj. and v., gahdlu, ahlu, tenu, t&nu; seealso bitqu mng. 8, mirqu, pahidu, qajdtu,qilpu, qupdtu, ridu, sasqi, Sibru; forcereals ground for flour see arsdnu, ar=suppu, inninu, kibru, kundSu, 6eguiu,uttatu; for vetches and vegetables seehalluru, kakki, kasi, murrutu, linitu, un,etc., and see discussion.

c) used for magic drawings: Nintupronounced the blessing fgir qe-ma ulibitta iddi made a drawing in flour, andset the (birth) brick in position Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 288 (OB); 7 uurdte 5aZID.DA [t]eqq[ir] you make seven draw-ings with flour Or. NS 34 116:19 (namburbi),cf. qalam ka5dpi u kaidpti §a zfD.DA inalibbi erz nams teqqir (see namsz) MaqluIX 157, cf. 153, 158, cf. also ana muhhi galmi§a ZfD.DA 5a ina qaqqari egru PBS 1/2106 r. 27, cf. ibid. 5, see ArOr 17/1 178f.; whenyou wish to dig a well you purify thesite at sunset ZfD.DA talammi you makea circle of flour around it CT 38 23K.2312 r. 10, see Or. NS 40 150 r. 28 (namburbi);oath ina kippat q-mi-im (for contextsee kilkillu) CT 2 9:9 (coll. C. B. F. Walker);see also CT 17 1:9, in lex. section.

d) used for figurines made of dough:you make representations of intertwined

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qemusnakes §a tiddi tibni u zfD.DA ballu ofclay mixed with straw and flour Or. NS36 33:13 (namburbi); kallu a ZfD.DA kallu §a

SE.SA.A a ndru ina libbi eqiruni elippu aZfD.DA.ME§ a kibti ZA 45 44:36 and 38(NA rit.).

e) in rituals: you take ZfD.DA azikaru itenu flour that a male has groundKAR 25 iii 16, see Farber Iitar und Dumuzi 129:17;malak uniqi ina 4izbi enzi aruqti u zfD.DAtu4akkal Farber Itar und Dumuzi 59:52; 6izbaina zfD.DA ta4appak BMS 33 r. 40; suluppsasqii zfD.DA ina muhhi tasarraq BBR No.26 i 29, ii 12, ZfD.DA U burda tasarraqHunger Uruk 12 r. 1 (inc.), cf. 4R 25 ii 14,zfD(var. adds .DA) reit[u] tusarraq youscatter first-quality flour Or. NS 36 287:7(namburbi), and passim in rit.; NfG.NA IM.LIZfD.DA(!) tasarraq BBR No. 1-20:35, alsoOr. NS 36 34 Sm. 810:9 (namburbi); ZfD.DAsuluppz sasq ina 6umeliSu ina4li Or. NS 40142 K.157+ r. 10, cf. ZfD.DA 8uluppi 8asq4iumalar he releases the flour, dates, andfine meal (into the river) ibid. 143 r. 14(namburbi).

f) in med.: (to cure scorpion bite)ZID.DA itti gamni tuballal CT 40 27 Rm.98:12 (SB Alu), cf. BMS 22:32; ZfD pe& zfD,almu zfD GIA.KU AMT 91,4:4, cf. [zid.babbar] = pe-qu-u, [zid.gi 6] = ga-al-mu-u Hh. XXIII h 10f. (from RS); see dis-cussion section.

g) other occs.: gumma qutrinam ta.kunma qe-ma-a-am ina $eri6u tattaqi PBS1/2 99 i 3 (OB), see Biggs, RA 63 73; SummazfD.DA iten if (in his dream) he grindsflour Dream-book 335:x+14, (with inappi sifts)ibid. x+15; see also buginnu; once it is cast(in molds) ina amni u ZfD.DA ... in.nappah it will be made to flare up by(the use of) oil and flour RA 60 37:13 and20; umma igaratu ZfD.DA u aznana ifthe walls drip with flour CT 38 15:40 (SBAlu); if a scorpion is found inapisan zfDin the flour container CT 40 28 K.3731+ :8,also 26:21.

qemuThe reading of KU or KU.KU when it

precedes names of plants, minerals, oraromatics cannot be established; syllabicwritings show that for some substancesthe reading is z-i (e.g., ze buqli, summati,Nisaba), and for others siktu, q.v.;note also: KU-KU KU.KU = ut-ta-a-tum EaI 160, see von Soden, ZA 70 143. Powderedforms of cereals, plants, and aromatics aresummed up as ZID.DA.ME§ [((or GIg).H]I(?) .A u IM.HI.A 8sku rabi nasmatti asutiflours, plants, and aromatics, (constitut-ing) a large szku (for) a medicinal poulticeKocher BAM 124 iii 54f. and dupl. 125:22f., cf.(also adding up KU of aromatics, sktu ofother plants, flour made from cereals andKU (= zS) buqli and summati) 12 ZID.DA.ME§ nasmatti qaqqadi RA 53 2:12. Thereading of ZfD.DA.ME§ in these refs. andin Kocher BAM 168:30, ZfD.ME§ ibid. 124 iii17, and of zfD.HI.A ibid. 216:25 is prob-ably qemu or zi2, as the masc. pl. annitifollowing the log. indicates; see zi Adiscussion section.

In RA 46 192 No. 31:2 (= ARM 19 91) read §u.

qemu in bit qemi s.; storehouse forflour; NB*; wr. syll. and i ZfD.DA; cf.qemu.

elippu Sa ZfD.DA ul uerfq i ZfD.DA qatihe has not unloaded the flour boat, theflour storehouse is exhausted YOS 3 66:5,A ZfD.DA iherri mamma ZfD.DA ana libbi ulidekki he will make the flour storehouseready, (but) no one will move the flourinto it ibid. 8; uncert.: dbe PN ana r 1[qe(?)1-me inandin PNwill provide workersfor the flour storehouse CT 22 72:22.

Cf. GAXNUN.ZID.DA Birot Tablettes 37:15,cited qemu usage a-3'.

qmu a Sarri s.; (a tax on land held intenancy from the crown); NB; cf. qimu.

a) paid in silver: x MA.NA KtT.BABBARilki gamrutu eab larri qe-me AId LUGAL bdrau mimma naddndtu Sa bit Sarri ... Ja inamuhi qaiti Sa PN u bele qatifu x silver,

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qemuthe complete ilku obligations that are duefrom the bow fief of PN and his co-tenants,(including) the "royal soldier," the "royalflour," the bdru tax, and any other pay-ments to the royal estate BE 10 93:1, cf.ibid. 64:1, 65:1, 67:1, 70:1, and passim in receiptsfor ilku obligations, also (qmu alone, with-out fa larri) x MA.NA Kt.BABBAR ilkigamrutu qe-me bdra u mimma naddndtu abit Sarri BE 9 82:1; suluppu dim KT.BABBAR a ana ilki qe-me d LUGAL bdra umimma naddndtu Sa bit Sarri a ina muhhis6unu u qaltiunu nadnu the dates (owed)are the equivalent of the silver paid (bythe creditor) for the ilku obligation, (in-cluding) the "royal flour," the bdru tax,and any other payments to the royalestate which are incumbent on them (thedebtors) and their bow fief BE 9 95:11, cf.ibid. 94a:9, 96:11.

b) paid in silver and in kind: x MA.NAKtU.BABBAR X dannu KA§.SAG mai tadbux UDU.NITA X SILA qme u uttatu ilkigamrutu db darri qe-me a LUGAL bdra umimma naddndtu a bit Sarri BE 10 69:2,cf. BE 9 70:1, BE 10 58:1, 75:2, TuM 2-3 184:1,and passim in receipts for ilku obligations.

c) payment unspecified: zeru udtu anaqe-me ld LUGAL u bdri a la [?db Sarri]ana PN iddin ina 6atti qe-me d LUGAL Ubdru §a ana muhhi qalti Sudti ikkalliduPN ana PN2 ... inandin qe-me Sd LUGALu bdru Sa Satti x RN PN2 ina qdte PN mahirhe turned over that land to PN against(payment of) the "royal flour" and thebdru tax (on which the original tenant haddefaulted), but not the "royal soldier,"each year PN will pay to PN2 the "royalflour" and bdru tax which is incumbenton that bow fief, PN2 has received from PNthe "royal flour" and bdru tax for the firstyear of Darius PBS 2/1 34:5, 7, and 10;qe-me Sd LUGAL bdra . . . [ina muhhi] zerizaqpu u pi Sulpu bit qalti Sa PN (receiptfor) "royal flour" and bdru tax incumbenton date orchard and grain field, PN's bowfief PBS 2/1 29:1 and 6; q -me d LUGAL

qenfbcri 6ugarrA Sa SAG.[x] Sa qati PN the"royal flour," bdru tax and the present of[...] of PN's bow fief BE 9 13:1; noteomitting Sa arri: ilki gamrutu edbarri qe-me bdri u mimma Sa bit Sarri gabbi

BE 9 23:1; ilki qe-me bdra adb Sarri PBS2/1 128:1; [ilki] qe-me bdru gammar BE95:1.

Cardascia Murat1 99 f.

*qemfl (fem. *qemitu) s.; (flour) grind-er(?); NB; pl. qemeti; cf. qemu.

fPN, fPN2 , and fPN3 Airkdtu Sa DN a Aqe-me-ti a qdt fPN4 the oblates of DNin charge of the house of the womengrinders(?) under fPN4 YOS 7 107:4; PN CaA qe-me-ti AnOr 8 21:22 ff.; dullu lu mdduana muhhija ... 1-en rgugCrui ... ana Aqe-me-e(text -si)-tur bit qdti u ana GN inamuhhija iba4Ci my work assignment isvery great, I have to (deliver?) one beamfor the house of the women grinders (?),the workshop, and for GN TCL 9 121:12;[... . S]d(?)-pi-ri a q-me-tum VAS 3 143:3,cf. [.. .] qe-me-tum ibid. 1.

qenu s.; (mng. uncert.); Aram. lw. (?);NB.*

ki qe-en-qu la maadka u dbit qdtijajdnu I am unable to do anything (lit.I am not equivalent to a handful?), and Ihave no helper ABL 912 r. 1.

Either lw. from Aram. qunmd "handful"(AHw. s.v.), or to be read kenu; for similaridiomatic use see kim4u mng. lb.

qenfl v.; to be jealous, envious; SB;I, I/2; cf. qannd'u, qi'u.

l6.ux(GI§GAL).lu NfI dingir.ra.a.ni 9a.dibg4.gA.bi mu.un.da.ak AMA.dINANNA.bi zA&.sba.an.di.ni.fb.gar.ra : amilu Sa iilu Sabsi ik=tamlulu u i~taru iq-fi-nu-i (var. i[q]-fi-n[u-Iu. .. ]) a man whose god became extremely angrywith him (and) whose goddess became jealoustoward him RA 12 74:29f., see Hrulka, ArOr37 489, with coll. W. G. Lambert, Or. NS 40 95.

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qepu$arpanitu ki iq-nu-u ztelu ana ziqqur

rati when DN became jealous, she wentup to the temple tower Lambert Love Lyrics104 BM 41005 ii 10 and iii 18; qe-na-at-ma inaqe-ni-Sd iSdta ana bit ameli inaddi she(the man's wife) is jealous, and in herjealousy she will set fire to the man'shouse Boissier DA 19 iii 45 (SB ext., coll.) anddupl. Oefele Keilschriftmedicin pl. 1 K.3873+ ii 3.

qepu see qpu s.

qerab-biti see qarab-biti.

qerbi adv.; inside; Mari*; cf. qerebu.itu UD.5.KAM ina bu-ur-tim qe-er-ba-a

iSdtum illak hala ka ana danndtim kimis(the enemy troops left their camp) for thelast five days fire has been raging in ....inside, gather (the inhabitants of) yourdistrict in fortified places ARM 14 121:25.

qerbatu see qerbetu.

qerbena see qerbenu.

qerbenam see qerbenu.

qerbeni see qerbenu.

qerbenu (qerbinum, qerbenam, qerbena,qerbeni) adv.; 1. inside, inward, 2. in-testinally(?); OB, SB; cf. qerebu.

qer-be-nu / lib-bi (commenting on Labat TDP)Hunger Uruk 38:18.

1. inside, inward - a) qerbenu(m) - 1'alone: if a mole ina uzniu Aa imitti luqer-be-nu lu kiddnu akin is located on hisright ear, either inside or outside KrausTexte 44:14, dupl. 45:14, cf. ibid. 44:27 and dupl.63:11, 24, and r. 7, cited p. 14; [DI] ~E ina.aptiu <lu> AN.TA lu qer-b-nu TUKU CT

28 12 K.7178: 11, [DI§ §E] ina leti imittilau Sumelisa qer-b e-nu Sakin Kraus Texte47:28; haSm qe-er-b-nu lumlam paristhe lung was separated on the inner sideon the left JCS 11 96:12, cf. niirti haSim

qerbenu

qer-[ b-nu-um] Sumilampar8[at] JCS 21225LB 1835:17 (OB ext. reports), also, wr. §A-nu

RA 14 146 N.105:11 (MB); 'umma 6ubtum8a imittim qe-er-be-nu(var. adds -um)namrat if the right §ubtu is light-coloredon the inside YOS 10 48:45, var. from 49:17,cf. (with tarkat) ibid. 48:48, dupl. 49:20 (OB ext.);summa egr hagim qe-er-be-nu-um imittam ugumelam kupput if the back of the lungis compacted on the inside to the rightand to the left YOS 10 36 i 34 (OB ext.);Summa sinnitu ... qer-be-nu Parka iua woman has pus inside Kocher BAM240:65, cf. Summa sinnitu ... qer-be-nu'arka ukdl ibid. 59; (the medication) qer-

be-nu taakkan STT 97 iv 13; note igdrEanna kgdidnu sa kisalli §apli u A Nin=gizzida a qer-be-ni §upuu (he restored)the wall of Eanna outward from the lowercourtyard and the temple of Ningizzidawhich had been built within it Iraq 15134:25 (Merodachbaladan II); obscure: MUL.UD.DA qer-be-nu MUL.A§.GAN gur-4u-duLBAT 1599 r. i 15, also, with qer-be-nu MA§.MA§, qer-be-nu AGA, etc. ibid. 16-29 (pro-cedure text).

2' with suffixes: Summa (is-ru) qer-be-nu-a fti(?)-id1-ku-fat if the .... issevered (?) on the inside Boissier DA 98 r. 6(SB ext.), cf. [. . . qe-e]r-be-nu-u§-Su kapigYOS 10 41:48 (OB ext.).

b) ana qerbenu(m): kaskasum imittamana qe-er-be-nu-um likpiq let the sternumbend inward to the right HSM 7494:29,also ibid. 87, cited JCS 11 103, cf. kaskasumimittam likpig ana qe-er-be-nu li-x-[...]RA 38 85:6 (OB ext. prayers); [Summa inauzni] §umeliu zu'u ana qer-be-nu iphurif earwax collects in his left ear towardthe center AMT 35,4:4, also AMT 37,2:1 and 5,cf. a-na qer-b-nu (commenting on ana§A-nu pasla, not preserved, cf. ana kidipasla XIV 70-72) Leichty Izbu 233 ROM 991 :27;LAL 1.NUN.NA ana qer-b-nu tanaddi youput honey and ghee inside (the well)Or. NS 40 148:55.

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qerbenumc) ina qerbeni: ina qer-be-ni kubuS

ha4i Iepu laknat there is a "foot-mark"inside the "cap" of the lung KnudtzonGebete 116 r. 20.

2. intestinally (?): Aumma amelu ina6uburrilu dama utabbakam qer-be-nu DaRmaru if a man passes blood from hisrectum, this man suffers intestinally(?)in (or from q. of) the rectum Kocher BAM94 r. 7, also 95:29, 99:30; NA BI qer-be-ni6uburri maru AMT 101,3 i 21, cf. if hevomits gall every time he belches NA BIqer-be-na maru Kichler Beitr. pl. 13 iv 54and 14 i 1, cf. also umma amelu qer-be-namarus Kocher BAM 96 iii 10, §A-i qer-be-nam maru Kuchler Beitr. pl. 12 iv 11; 3ma4qidti a qer-be-nam GIG three potionsfor (someone) who is sick intestinally(?)AMT 4r,1 iv 32.qerbenum see qerbenu.qerbetu (qarbatu, qerbatu) s.; 1. environs,district, 2. field, pasture land, land;from OAkk., OB on; pl. qerbetu, qarbdtu;cf. qerebu.

A .tum = qer-be-tu (followed by gipdru) Erim-hu§ VI 38; edin = ger[u], a.t tim = qer-be-[e-tu]Igituh I 221f.; ul GfR = qer-be-tu A VIII/2:253;ul-ul gNx = [qer-be]-e-tum Sb I 308, see MSL 4 207;ul-ul KIB = qer-be-ti Ea IV 209; ul-ul g x = qer-be-tu ibid. 300.

gil.gi [...] Aam gi.bi ui i.tum.ma sA[mui.b]i e.ne.e.[rel : itbalmi apu zfm qani u u qer-be-e-tum 4im 6ammila did the canebrake take theprice of its reed or the meadow the price of itsgrass? Lambert BWL 242 iii 5; ur.mah A&.tim.ta gin.a men : negu §a ina qer-be-e-ti itta=nallaku atta you are a lion who prowls in the fieldsSBH p. 98 No. 53 r. 13f.; gu 4.gal gu 4 .mahu ki.u kiu.ga ga.tim dib.dib.a he.gAlda gal. 1a : gugallu gumdhu kdbis rite elleti ibta'qer-be-ti mukil hegalli great bull, full-grown bull,walking through holy pastures, he moved acrossthe fields bringing abundance 4R 23 No. 1 i 11f.,see RAcc. 26; dAma.nir.an.na ama ta.tuim6. a. b i : um-mu 6d ina qer-be-ti (var. qer-be-te) cupdtCT 24 14:11, var. from ibid. 50 K.4349X i 12;fzi DN1 [nin §A.t6m.ma].ku.ga [m]u.u[n].zu(!).a : ni l dNIN.SIG 7.SIG 7 beltu muddt qer-b-tielleti (be adjured by) DN, who knows the purefields LKA 77 vi 10, see Ebeling, ArOr 21 377.

A.bi a.ba mu.un.zu.zu //s.ga am.nigin.ni (var. a.ba.a.na.nigin.e) e.ne.6m.ma.ni

qerbetu§a.bi nu.un.zu.a bar.bi al.us.sa e.ne.6m.ma.ni bar.bi nu.un.zu.a 6A.bi al.us.sa :qereblu mannu ilammad // ina qer-be(var. adds -e) -tii$dd amassu qer-be-e-ti ul ilammad (var. qe-reb-dc ulillammad) ahdti idd4 amassu ahdti ul ilammad qer-be-e-ti(var. -tur) idd who understands itsmeaning, variant: (Enlil's word) prowls through thefields, his word does not understand the q.-s (var.its meaning cannot be understood), it tramples theoutskirts (?), his word does not understand theoutskirts(?), it tramples the q.-s SBH p. 8 No.4:64ff., vars. from K.69 r. 13ff. in ZA 10 pl. 2f.(photo in Bab. 3 pl. 14), see Bollenriicher Nergalp. 33f.

6u-ba-a-ti, ka-ma-a-ti (var. BA-BA-a-ti) = qer-be-e-ti Malku II 30f. (dupls. courtesy E. von Weiher).

UIKIB = [qer-be-e-tu] STC 2 pl. 55 iii 16 (comm.on En. el. VII 84); qar-bat II ta-mir-td LambertBWL 74 comm. to line 60 (Theodicy Comm.).

1. environs, district - a) of a particulararea designated by a proper name: x GAN§u qer-ba-ti GN x land in the district ofGN MAD 1 168 iii 5 (OAkk.), cf. X A.9A Saina qe-er-be-et Pa-hu-qum (for A.GAR Pa-hu-qum see Harris Ancient Sippar 376) CT 4520:2, parallel Meissner BAP No. 48:2 and VAS 853:1; x A.9A f(.SAL ina qe-er-be-tim §a

PN CT 45 113:10 (all OB), cf. (a date grove)qar-bit PN AnOr 9 4 v 2 and 12 (NB); sheepand goats a qer-be-ti a URU GN u URUGN2 BE 14 99:65, cf. a qer-be-e-ti ibid.99a:32 (MB); qe-er-be-[e] t GN ana GN lirubuqe-er-be-et GN2 ana GN2 lrubu u qe-er-be-etGN3 ana GN 3 lzrubu mdtum ana dl danndtimkamsat let (the people of) the districtof GN enter GN, (the people of) the districtof GN2 enter GN2, and (the people of) thedistrict of GN3 enter GN 3, the country willbe gathered into its fortresses ARM 5 37r. 1'ff.; immerdtim a ina hamqim ikkalaana qe-er-be-tim imhasunim they drovethe flock that was pasturing in the valleyto the commons ARM 14 86:36, cf. ba=zahdtuja ina hamqim qe-er-be-tim x-ta-ri-im u GN §akna ibid. 75:24.

b) as proper name: x land ina A.AQi-er(!) -be-tum PAD PN in the area of Q.is PN's subsistence field TCL 11 235:5,cf. aAlum ukussija a A.A Qe-er-b-timPBS 7 11:9; fD URU Qer,(HA)-b-tim VAS

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qerbetu

18 18:6 (all OB); dKi.iy.kur = a Qer-be-tiKI 2R 60 No. 1 i 32, see TuL p. 12.

2. field, pasture land, land - a) withref. to irrigation: qar-bat dlija ana tam:kiri lu aSkun I turned the fields aroundmy city into irrigated land Weidner Tn. 28No. 16 v 105 and 31 No. 17:51; lu uSamkiraqar-ba-a-te (the king of Urartu estab-lished irrigation works and thus) he putthe fields under irrigation TCL 3 204 (Sar.);adi mi la ika6adu ana Qumdmiti umal=6irma qar(text am)-ba-su (see qumamtuusage b) OIP 2 80:21 (Senn.), cf. mukinme liq&ti ina qar-ba-a-ti ASur (Senna-cherib) who established a water supplyfor irrigation in the fields of Assyriaibid. 135:14; kald ilpuk qar-ba-[tam] ibim(the king) piled up a dike, he (thus)created arable land MDP 10 pl. 11 i 9, cf.rqarl-ba-as-su lizirma may he (Ninurta)abandon his field ibid. pl. 12 v 2 (MBkudurru); gugallum qardam mumakkir qd-ar-ba-a-tim (Nab) the valiant canal in-spector who irrigates the fields VAB 4 104i 18, 176 i 18 (Nbk.), cf. ENGAR qar-ba-a-ti6itmuru Ural UET 6 398:15; [mua]zninnal4i ina gerret Samdmi [...] x Sdri tikme elu qar-ba-a-ti (Marduk) who lets dewfall from the udders of the sky, [...]wind (and) downpours upon the fields AfO19 61:10 (prayer to Marduk); bamdtu ubbaluirhua qar-ba-a-tum (the waters) havecarried off open fields, flooded the arableland Lambert BWL 178:30, cf. [imta] la qar-ba-a-[tu] (parallel: [ing]ira tamerdtu) ibid.177:13, cf. ugdr rabiti qar-ba-ti u ta-mi-ra-a-ti 79-7-8,84 iii 23 (tamitu, courtesyW. G. Lambert); inaAbi IT ard dBIL.GI mu-ub(copy -u)-bil qar(copy am)-ba-te ra:tubte in the month of Abu, the monthwhen Gibil, who dries out the wet field,descends (from heaven) Lyon Sar. 10:61.

b) with ref. to agriculture: kundliennini kakkus[si] ... ina qar-ba-a-tim uiemmer, inninu barley, (and) .... plantssprouted in the fields SEM 117 r. iii 24,also ibid. 22 (MB lit.); ina rqerl-be(var. adds

qerbetu-e) -ti tuSabSi napi4ti ni5 a4nan KAR 59:36and dupls., see Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 443;rqer1-be-e-ti (var. qer-bd-tu) fauS-tah-ri-batuad biltu you make the fields thathad been laid waste bear produce (again)Cagni Erra V 34; the fields of the Baby-lonians a ... kisurr4ina imma umapulukki la §itkun qar-ba-ti kudurriinanukkuruma la muhhua whose boundarylines were forgotten because the pegswere not in place in the fields, whoseboundary stones had been moved becausethey had not been securely driven in VAS1 37 iii 21 (NB kudurru); ina qer-be-ti-4unadti . . . rigim aldla tdba ualsd ni4e u(see adlaa usage b) TCL 3 207 (Sar.), cf.(DN) [mu((?) -al-s]u-u aldli ina qar-ba-a-tiJAOS 88 125 i a 15 (votive inscr.), also (inbroken context) [. . .] ul iassu aldla [. . .]-il qer-be-ti ul iparrik BHT pl. 5 i 7 (Nbn.Verse Account), [. . .] [rL.APIN.ME qer-be-e-tum ,d-s[u-u ... ] OECT 6 pl. 5 K.2727+:17 (coll. R. Borger), ina qer-be-ti-ia uassialdla Lambert BWL 36:101 (Ludlul I), cf.rigim aldla ina qer-be-ti u-d-d-SId CagniErra IIIa: 18.

c) with ref. to pasture: sugulldt siserapdti pare agdle u marit qer-be-te-Iu-nuana la mane utirra I brought back (fromthe campaign) countless large herds ofhorses, mules, donkeys, and flocks fromtheir (the enemies') meadow lands AKA69 v 7,(Tigl. I); nammal a Sakkan liktam:me[s . .. ina qer-be-te may the crea-tures of akkan be gathered [.. .] in themeadows Lambert BWL 170 i 19; bulu litstarruu kala qer-be-ti Farber Ittar und Dumuzi137:186, cf. tummziu qer-be-tam-ma ibid.184.

d) as a haunt of wild animals: urab:biuma eru ki abiJu qer-be-tu ki ummiluthe steppe land reared it (the gazelleoffered to Bamai and Adad) as if it wereits father, the field as if it were itsmother BBR No. 100:15 (= Craig ABRT 1 60),cf. lunambd qer-b-tu (var. qer-bet) ki maummika Gilg. VIII i 13, see JCS 8 92:8; ana

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qerbetusull barbari ihd4 qer-be-tu he (the fox)was spying out the meadow land for thetracks of the wolf Lambert BWL 216:22;piazu a ina qer-ba-a-ti ilaqqatu PI x [. . .]ana nambubdti dkildt inib .ippdti Sanigmathe mouse who gathers [...] in themeadows mocks the wasps who eat thefruit of the orchards ibid. 48.

e) other occs.: a field SAG.BI.1.KAMPurattu SAG.BI.2.KAM qe-er-be-tum (var.qer-be-tum) with one side (fronting) theEuphrates and the opposite side, the opencountry Pinches Peek No. 14:6 (case), var.from tablet, parallel JCS 11 78:6 (OB); eli bitibdbi u qar-ba-a-ti-ia 6aqummati tabkatdeathly silence is spread over the temple,the city quarter, and even my fields STC 2pl. 81:76, see Ebeling Handerhebung 134; Usisi la mar ugdri idarrisa qa[r-ba-ti] butthe horse, not at home in the commons,tramples the fields Lambert BWL 178:35(SB fable); ge qar-ba-tim r rahl-hi-$u itdriumulmul the arrow will turn against thefleet (wild donkey) who trampled downthe fields Lambert BWL 74:60 (Theodicy),for comm. see lex. section; IGI.ME -6U rzta qer-be-ta ie'i <na>rdma ina name qildta she(Igtar) looks(?) for him (Dumuzi) in thepasture (and) the field, she searches forthe beloved one in the outskirts (and)the forests LKA 15:4, cf. (IStar) mutstallikat qar-ba-a-ti Farber Itar und Dumuzi133:115; §ade qer-bit(var. -bi) -su-nu ri-hi-ig dul-lih-ma devastate the mountains(and) their meadow land RA 46 38:20,var. from STT 21:116 (SB Epic of Zu); highmountains a ... qer-be-sun eztummawith confusing landscape TCL 3 15 (Sar.);['a ina rigim] pfu . . . [uhtappd] qer-be-teihillu $eru (Adad) at whose thunderingthe fields are ruined, the plain shakes LKA53:19 and 21, dupl. KUB 4 26 A 10ff., andnote [in]a rigmi[ka h]ad hurdni [qe]r-be-e-t[u ina panika h]uddd r&u ugdru atyour thundering (Adad) the mountainsare joyful, the fields rejoice and the com-mons exult in your presence Ebeling Hand-

qerbilerhebung 104:34; kima Sa abubu u'abbitu qer-be-sa uSepiM I made its (the city's) fieldslook as if a flood had devastated (them)TCL 3 183 (Sar.); I cut down the musuk=kannu grove completely giimmarilu . .adukma uhinnuu aSmutma umalld qer-ba-a-ti I killed his date palms, I strippedoff his unripe dates and filled the plainswith them 2R 67:24 (Tigl. III); ann uimuSa dam nilika umakkaru name qer-be-tithis is the day on which I will drenchthe steppe (and) the meadows with theblood of your people Tn.-Epic "iii" 32; 6etkaqe-er-be-tu rapa[Stu] gi4parraka [6amiruqi] tu (O Samag) the wide field is yournet, the distant sky your trap Bab. 12pl. 14:20 (SB Etana); dZU.LUM mu'addi qer-be-e-[ti ana ili] (Marduk is) DN whoassigns fields to the gods En. el. VII 84;[. .. ] qer-be-es-su (parallel: ina ugdriu,ina tamirti4u) Postgate Royal Grants No. 32:8.

qerbil adv.; 1. nearby, in close con-tact, 2. promptly, 3. inside; OB, SB;cf. qerebu.

[dumu.mu] A na.a KU [...] : [ma]r-ti qer-bid ta-ni-[il- ... ] Marriage of Sud 78.

1. nearby, in close contact: [Summa]amelu egirru qer-bi-i zipulSu if an oracularutterance answers the man from nearby(parallel: nes8i from afar) CT 39 41:24(SB Alu); nakrum qe-er-bi-i' ikkimka theenemy will capture you in close combat (?)YOS 10 6:7 (OB ext.), for parallels seeqitrubi, cf. qer-bi-il nakru idukkanniLabat Suse 5 r. 27; obscure: Summa nappilluqer-biS-[ma?] ra[il.D .D] (parallel: i4-qu-ma G.DE.DE) CT 38 44 Sm.472+:18 (SB Alu).

2. promptly: ema i assika talammeqer-bi wherever they call upon you(Nabfl), you listen immediately K.2540:16,cf. [als]i a belu Izmanni qer-bi4 [. .. ] RT24 104:15, [al]sika ruqi Si-man-ni qer-biSMayer Gebetsbeschworungen 536:7, also, wr.qer-bi-el Loretz-Mayer §u-ila 53:27, [qe]r-bi i-man-ni STT 132:7, dupl. BMS 14:2,also [...] ana(?) qer-bi imd suppija

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qerbitu[. . .] Borger Esarh. 113 § 77:12, for parallelssee qerbu s. mng. 3.

3. inside: qer-bi-i qa'i wait inside(the gatehouse?) (addressing Istar) KAR1:22 (Descent of Itar); see also lex. section.

For the meaning "promptly," cf. qerebumng. Ic, qerbu s. mng. 4.

W. R. Mayer, Festschrift Claus Westermann302 ff.

qerbitu s.; 1. interior, 2. womb; OB,SB; cf. qerebu.

1. interior - a) in gen.: qer-bi-is-saptaras ana 9-Si I divided the interior(of the ark) into nine parts Gilg. XI 62;ina me tiamtim ruqitim alar ... qe-er-bi-is-su la unawwaru in amgim in thedistant waters of the sea whose interiorthe sun's eye does not illuminate Or. NS42 503:9 (OB inc.); obscure: DI-ma purrusqer-bi-tum ittabi [...] if (the moon issurrounded by a halo) and it is divided,. . ACh Supp. 2 Sin 14 r. 13.

b) qerbit umi: [ina lild]ti ina qer-bituime ,ziru il[lik] the snake went (home)at night on the same day AfO 14 304(pl. 12) K.5299:8, dupl. Bab. 12 pl. 14:2 (Etana),cf. ina qiddat umi ina qer-bit umi (inbroken context) LKA 133:3.

c) as part of the sheep's lungs: a=gallum qe-er-bi-tum kalitum kalit bir[kim]HSM 7494:69 and 128 (OB ext. prayer), citedHussey, JCS 2 30; §umma SAG qer-bit [imittipatir] if the top of the right q. is split(opposite kiditu) CT 31 35 r. 11, cf. ibid. 17;umma ubdn ha t qablitu imitta u umela

leqdt ana 2 BAR-az-ma miila ana qer-bitimitti migila ana qer-bit 6umeli TE -hi ifthe middle "finger" of the lung takes (theplace of) the right and the left ("fingers"),(and) it divides into two and half of ittouches the right q., half of it the left q.CT 31 40 iv 9, cf. I qer-bit imitti u Sumei . . . TE -hi ibid. 2 and 6, parallel ibid. 8Sm. 1525:5, cf. ina qer-bi-it imitti aknatmaLabat Suse 3:26f., 30ff., a imitti qer-bi-it

qerbuimitti ta 16 (= umeli) qer-bi-it 16 itfulibid. 52; ina qer-bit kubli [IGI-ti] PRT 7r. 8 (coll. J. Aro); SAG (also SUHU§ andMURUB 4) qer-bit imitti CT 31 3 iii 5-7, also(with ,umeti) ibid. 4 iii 33ff.

2. womb - a) in literal sense: 6ummasinnigtu qer-bi-sa rihittu imhurma la ulidif a woman's womb takes in semen butshe does not give birth Kocher BAM 240:70,also ibid. 67, cf. Sa balukki [... ]a amel tiana qer-bi-ti la i-ra-hu-u (you, goddess)without whom human [semen?] cannotimpregnate the womb KAR 247 i 11 (SBinc.).

b) in poetic context: ina qer-bi-itnigiu zer awilutim aj ibni may she (Nintu)not create human progeny in the wombof his people CH xliv 47; ruppi i zerz undili nannabi ina qe-er4-bi-it piri'ja §almi§uti~iri talitti (0 Ninmah) increase myoffspring, spread my progeny widely,grant safe and easy childbirth to thewomb of my descendants VAB 4 84 No. 6 ii 16and 204 No. 43:15 (Nbk.).

For AMT 101,3 i 21 see qerbinu.

qerbu (qurbu, fem. qerubtu, qurubtu) adj.;1. near, close, at hand, available, 2.near in time, 3. (in substantival use)relative; from OA, OB on; Ass. qurbu;cf. qerebu.

1. near, close, at hand, available - a)said of persons: farrdni qer-bu-tu illu=nimma unalgaqu Speja kings living closeby come and kiss my feet AnSt 8 62:9(Nbn.); .dbeni qer-bu-tu PN ztabak PN ledaway our people who were close by YOS3 168:26, cf. (with opposite rquitu) BIN 1 39:9(both NB); ana nakrim qe-er-[bi-im] libbinahi[d] I am worried about the enemybeing (too) close ARM 10 107:7.

b) other occs.: mdtu ruqtu ibalgi uqe-ru-ub-tum ibalgi is (my brother's) landa far one or a near one? EA 7:27, cf.ul qaqqaru q-er-bu-um-ma ibid. 20 (MB

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qerburoyal); lu ina libbi ali ammiemma lu inadidni qur-bu-u-te (if a man's wife entersan Assyrian's house) whether in that cityor in nearby towns KAV 1 iii 44 (Ass. Code§ 24); uttatu qe-ru-ub-tum ana Eanna tella'u ruqtu ana zeri idin the barley at handshould go to Eanna, give the (barley thatis) far away for seeding YOS 3 168:14;suluppu qer-bu-tu babbanitu ~gbilanusend me whatever first-quality dates areon hand ibid. 178:11; parzillu qe-ru-bu-tujdnu there is no iron available CT 222:27 (all NB letters); lu ina kalzi I.GAL qur-bu-ti lu ina kalzi i.OAL patiuti (someone)from the nearby palace kalzu's or fromthe faraway (lit. open) palace kalzu's(or large or small kalzu's) Wiseman Treaties217; note in prep. use as Akkadogram inHitt.: 2 URU.HI.A Q1-RU-UB URU GN twotowns in the vicinity of GN KUB 26 43+ :36,40, cf. ibid. 50:28, 35f., r. 15f.

2. near in time: if you (pl.) do notwant to take the tin and the textiles asa favor to me lu ana itatlim lu ana umepatiutim lu ana me qdr-bu-tim dinamasell (the merchandise) either for cash oron long terms or on short terms CCT 234:22, cf. lu ana ume qi-ur-bu-tim luappatiutim dina TCL 19 21:26, ana UD(copy A) qu-ur-bu-tim ana tamkdrim kinim. . . dina CCT 2 4a:14, cf. also CCT 4 25b:18,CCT 5 5a:15, 35, cf. umma a-ime qu-ur-bu-tim la ibaMi ibid. 16, also BIN 6 202:17and 23; annakam u ubdte ana ime qu-ur-bu-tim namgiramma leqe come to an agree-ment concerning taking a short-term(consignment of) tin and textiles TCL 426:19; x silver Sa a-ime qu-ur-bu-timtaqipani that you (pl.) have given onshort-term consignment BIN 4 26:5, cf. CCT6 19a:21, (in broken context) TCL 19 44 r. 2;note, wr. a-na D-me-e qi-ur-bi-tim HUCA39 32 L29-574:6 (all OA); exceptionallyin NB: ana PN ipirtz [...] ana qer-bi[in]naMu nubatti la tabdta give my mes-sage to PN soon, do not tarry overnightTCL 9 76:24 (NB let.).

qerbu3. (in substantival use) relative - a)

in gen.: kima aham u qe-er-ba-am la il2since I have neither brother nor (anyother) relative TCL 17 21:31, also HolmaZehn altbabylonische Tontafeln 8:7; awdtikiahhja ahh4tija u qd-er-bu-ti-ja ul ueSmiI never reported your words to mybrothers, sisters, or relations TLB 416+17:16 (all OB letters); ana amei qe-rii-ub-1u itebbiu a relative of his will riseagainst the man Labat Suse 3:28, cf. ibid. 18,cf. ina qer-bi-zi [...] [someone] amonghis relatives [will die] Dream-book 315 :x+29;qer-bu §a qurup libbi imutuma a relativewho had died of heartache IM 67692:326(tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert), cf. lu arrulu mdrat Sarri lu qe-ru-ub §arri either aking or a daughter of a king or a relativeof a king (who had died) AfO 11 361:24(tamitu), cf. also (will the) a reii a ziqnimanzaz pani [lu zer .arri mahriti lu z]ergarri arkcti lu-d qur-ub arri mam[ma](rebel against Esarhaddon?) Knudtzon Ge-bete 108:4; a qe-reb (var. qer-bi) mud§amassun i-rim (var. i-ri-im) for myrelatives and acquaintances the sunbecame covered over Lambert BWL 46:120(Ludlul II).

b) in NA leg.: mannu Sa ina urkil ipar=rikuni lu PN <lu> mdrleu lu qur-ub-id lumammand2u whosoever later on raisesa claim, be it PN (the seller), his sons, arelative of his, or anyone else belongingto him ADD 422 r. 4, parallel 423 edge 4; lu PN[lu ahh]ilSu lu mdre§u lu mdr ahheu lumammanifu qur-bu []u LJ[t].SAG beilkiu lu hazann l aknu lu qpu .. . lumamma zaqpu Postgate Palace Archive 17:12,see Postgate NA Leg. Does. No. 1, also AJSL 42261 No. 1242:15; mannu a ina urkiS inamatema izaqqupani iparrikuni lu PN lumdri~u lu mdrmdriu lu ahhu lu madrah(Aiu lu Jakanu lu <rab> kigirlu lu qur-bu-6d lu hazannu URU-i lu mammanmiZuADD 446 r. 1; atypical: lu rub urkd luSakanu lu qur-ub-Si lu mammand2u lu belilkiu lu bel a-za-ni-Si lu mdrlu (etc.)

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qerbuIraq 19 136 (pl. 33) ND 5550:16, see PostgateNA Leg. Docs. No. 15; lu aakandu lu qur-ub-ii lu mammaniu (at the end of enumera-

tion) ADD 244:11, akanSunu hazannadunumummundiunu qur-bu ADD 418 r. 6,471 r. 3,lu 4akanmunu lu mammaniunu qur-buADD 419 r. 6; lu akanSu lu qur-ub-ii TCL9 57:11, see Postgate NA Leg. Docs. No. 17, alsoADD 223:9, 429 r. 11, 498:3.

Ad mng. 2: Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 408 f.,444; Larsen Old Assyrian Caravan Procedures 167.

qerbu (qarbu) s.; 1. inside, inner part,middle (of a country, a city, a terrestrialor cosmic region, a body of water, abuilding, an object, etc.), 2. (in ad-verbial use) therein, therefrom, thereto,3. inner side, inner face, 4. proximity,5. (in the pl.) intestines, insides, 6. mind,heart, 7. meaning; from OAkk. on; qarbu(beside qerbu) in OA, stat. const. qereb,OA, OB also qerab; wr. syll. and (inmng. 5) gA.MEg; cf. qerebu.

sukkal. A.MIN (= 6.a) = suk-kal qe-reb bi-i-tiLu I 91; an.PA = e-lat AN-e, an. A.ga = qe-rebAN-e Antagal G 225f.; uzu.A = qer-bi(var. -bu)Hh. XV 100; qe-er-[bu] x x = [...] (among partsof the stomach) KBo 1 51 ii 22 (Akk.-Hitt. voc.).

igi.a a.ga ab.ku 4.ku 4.de : pani ana q-er-bi turru (it is not fit for a gentleman) to ....(obscure) Lambert BWL 267:14, dupl. STI 121r. 3; dInnin Aa.e.an.na.kex(KID) an.ta.ex(DU6.Du).dB : a Itar i4tu same ana qe-reb ajakkiuserida (the sage) who brought IAtar down fromheaven to Eanna Or. NS 30 3:10ff.; A& KiA.kiii.tu.ud.da : a ina qe-reb KiSi ibbanid who wasborn in Kish ibid. 14 and 16; a.a iA.ba.ke :ina qd-reb ma-a-td SBH p. 19 No. 9 r. 6f.; §Aurugal.la.ta he.ni.fb.ir.ree.[e.ne] : (var.adds ina) qe-reb qabri (var. qabli) liklf$u (see kaldv. lex. section) ZA 30 189:18f., vars. from dupl.KAR 46:19f.; sag.tuku.dingir.ug 5.ga.Am AA.ga.arali.ke : rdbi dingirugg ina q-reb(var. -re-eb) aralli (SamaA) who watches over the deadgods in the nether world UVB 15 36:9; u4 .damki.Bm.fis [§a.bi nu.pad.de] : Sa kima mu SursBudu qe-reb-d la at& (see atti v. lex. section)SBH p. 7 No. 4:lf. and p. 149; a.kii 8A.bi mu.ni.in.ri / r : m ellti q-reb-Sld uba he broughtpure water into it 4R 25 iv 1 f.; for other bil.refs. with Sum. correspondence A A see mngs. la, b,f, g, i, m, 7.

qerbu lalibi (ABxAA). a.ab. [ba].kex ba.ra.an.da.

b al.e : ina qe-reb tdmti la tebbirdu (see ebiru Alex. section) CT 16 10 iv 18f.; libiA Bal.tilkiDin.tirki.ta : ultu qe-reb A6Sur ana Subat Baldtufrom Assur to Babylon 5R 62 No. 2:44f. (gamaS-um-ukin).

[qe]-er-bu = lib-[bu] CT 18 9 K.4233+ ii 15.qe-reb / lib-bi Lambert BWL 76 comm. to line 82

(Theodicy Comm.); r"HAR = qer-bu STC 2 pl. 53r. ii 26 (comm. to En. el. VII 129); (]rHAR =qer-bu ibid. 52 r. ii 17 (comm. to En. el. VII 128);qe-reb-Id -tu / lib-ba-ed id-di-ma CT 41 25:3(Alu Comm., to CT 38 22:22, see mng. lh); AN.SA.GA = qe-reb AN-e 2R 47 ii 13 (unidentifiedcomm.).

1. inside, inner part, middle of acountry, a city, a terrestrial or cosmicregion, a body of water, a building, anobject, etc.- a) of lands, countries,regions - 1' with prep. - a' with ana:ummdndteja ... ana qe-reb mdt ASuruSaldid I had my troops pull (the booty)to Assyria TCL 3 409 (Sar.); baltussun anaqe-reb mdtija ubil I brought them aliveinto my land OIP 2 83:46 (Senn.); 6allatukabittu ana qe-reb mat A6Sur aflula Ibrought substantial booty into AssyriaWinckler Sar. pl. 32:72, also OIP 2 25 i 53 (Senn.),Borger Esarh. 55 iv 52, 58 v 7; ana qe-rebmat AMur adi mahrija uebilalu he hadhim brought into Assyria before meWinckler Sar. pl. 27:14; ana qe-reb GN ...ikpura rakbAu he sent his messengerinto Bit-Jakin Lie Sar. 70:2; Salme atlraana q6-reb mat ASur I returned to Assyriasafely OIP 2 55:60 (Senn.); bu mdtitdnluleribi ana qe-reb matija may I bringpossessions from all lands into my landVAB 4 260 ii 42 (Nbn.); KU(?).kur.ti.ta

a .bi IM ti.a.me§ : itu DU6.K ana qe-reb mdti ittalnu Sunu CT 17 41:3f.

b' with ina: albdkum a ina -reb mdtikaI am dwelling in your land Tn.-Epic "iii"17; i-na qd-reb mdtdtiSunuma within theirlands (the enemies gathered their forces)AKA 67 iv 84 (Tigl. I); cities a ina q6-rebGN Jaknini which are situated in GNAKA 376 iii 98 (Asn.); the rest of their soldiersina qi-reb mdtiunu uma'Sir I left in their

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qerbu laland Rost Tigl. III p. 8:38; ina qe-reb GNdia epuS in GN I built a city ibid. 46:28;i-na qe-reb matiunu imqussunu hattupanic befell them in their own land TCL3 69 (Sar.); i-na qe-reb mat ASur urd Ibrought (booty) into Assyria Lie Sar. 74;nagi udtu ... ina qe-reb-e-6d altaniattallak victoriously I marched around inthat region Borger Esarh. 56 iv 61, cf. ibid.104 ii 1; landt hegalli ina qe-re-eb mdtijaulepi I caused prosperous years to appearin my land VAB 4 172 B viii 37 (Nbk.), cf.wine was bought cheaply ina qe-reb matijaBBSt. No. 37:11 (Nbn. Harran); ina qe-reb matKaldi kalbu zikaru itta'lad in Chaldea amale dog gave birth CT 29 48:19, of. ibid.49:31 (SB prodigies).

c' with itu/ultu: ultu qe-reb mdtiiu... uqdmma he came out of his countryTCL 3 34 (Sar.); ultu qe-reb mat Elamti in.nabtamma he fled from Elam Borger Esarh.47 ii 37, also ibid. 106 iii 28, Streck Asb. 62 vii 56;maddattaunu kabittu ultu qe-reb mdtdtiSunu iSMinimma they brought their sub-stantial tribute from their lands TCL 3 41(Sar.); ultu qe-reb mdt Gambili aSlula(booty) I brought out of GN Streck Asb. 28iii 67; TA qe-reb GN issuhamma he de-parted from GN Lie Sar. 370; nagz ... ultuqe-reb matifu abtuq I cut the district offfrom his country OIP 2 28 ii 26, also 68:15(Senn.); RN ultu qe-reb mat Mugur inassa=huma they will deport RN from EgyptStreck Asb. 12 i 122; ultu qe-reb mat ASurana alriunu utfrunuti I returned them(the gods) from Assyria to their originalplaces Borger Esarh. 74:22.

d' with i: 6umma awat nakrim iS qe-ra-ab mdtim waldt if a rumor about theenemy spreads through the land RA 35 50No. 31d:3 (early OB Mari liver model).

2' without prep. - a' qerbu alone:udug.ihul.didli §d.ba.kalam.ma.e (var. . ). . ra : utukki lemniti iml q -reb mdti the evil utukku demons filled themiddle of the land JCS 21 129:20f.; 6a

qerbu lbsittalunu... ularmd qe-reb GN (Sargon)who settled the remainder of them (thedefeated peoples) in GN Lyon Sar. 4:20, alsoWinckler Sar. pl. 32:49; qe-reb GN indru a inakakki in Elam they slew him Borger Esarh.47 ii 57; 5a qe-reb GN erubu imema heheard that (my troops) had entered ElamStreck Asb. 44 v 12, cf. ibid. 50 v 125; RN ...§a qe-reb GN aAkunu ana §arruti RN whomI had installed as king in Elam ibid. 30iii 102, of. ibid. 6 i 58; inakkisu qaqqad SarGN qe-reb matifu can one cut off the headof the king of Elam in his own country?ibid. 34 iv 17; Nand a ... tiibu qe-rebGN Nana who had spent (1635 years) inElam ibid. 58 vi 109; treasures whichformer kings of Elam iSlul ubilu qe-reb GN had carried away as spoil toElam ibid. 50 vi 10; 60 ber qaqqaru qe-rebGN uahrib I laid waste a stretch of sixty"double hours" of territory in Elam ibid.220:17; adi ... qe-reb GN uluzzu as longas (these Babylonians) stayed in Assyriaibid. 30 iii 94; qe-reb GN ana sihirti4a attallak6altig I marched around victoriously inall Elam ibid. 46 v 40; qdti . . . Mardukigbatma uferib qe-reb AMur (Sennacherib)led Marduk into Assyria VAB 4 270No. 8i 17,of. ibid. 24 (Nbn.); ana GN qe-reb GN2 i6takanpan~ u he turned to Tema in the West-land BHT pl. 6 ii 23.

b' with a: bit tdbti a qe-reb mdtMadaja a salt desert in the land of theMedes Borger Esarh. 55 iv 47; GN Sa qe-rebGN 2 ibid. 52 iii 62, also Lie Sar. 64:15; [a]laktigirrija §a qe-reb mat ASur Lie Sar. 70:3;12 nag Sa qe-reb mat Elamti twelvedistricts inside Elam Streck Asb. 48 v 106;8 6arrdni a qe-reb nag& Sudtu aduk Idefeated eight kings of that district BorgerEsarh. 56 iv 69.

b) of mountains - 1' with prep. - a'with ana: ana q-reb hurldni asdira tilukuI directed the march (of my troops) to-ward the mountains TCL 3 13 (Sar.); anaqi-reb huridni innabit (the defeatedenemy) fled into the midst of the moun-

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qerbu lbtains Winckler Sar. pl. 31:46; a . . ina§arrdni' abbeja mamma ana qe-reb-li la

1ith (mountains) whose interior noneamong the kings, my ancestors, had ap-proached KAH 2 84:83 (Adn. II).

b' with ina: izi.mi.mui.da kur.Aa.ga ba.rig7 .ga men : iSatu napihtu§a ina qe-reb 6adi i arrapu andku I am theflaring fire that is lighted in the midstof the mountains ASKT p. 129:13f.; ir.giL.erin.na A4.hur.sag.ta im.m :iris erini a ina qe-reb §adi a~i the scentof the cedar that grows in the middle ofthe mountains 5R 51 iii 14f. (bit rimki), seeJCS 21 11:11; mutefir ndrdti ina qe-rebNadi mupattt2 bir kuppi ina qe-reb hursdni(Marduk) who makes the rivers run theircourse in the mountain region, who openssprings in the midst of the mountainsAfO 19 61:5f. (SB prayer); bai namrirruSaina qe-reb hursdni (see namrirru usagea-1') ZA 10 295:11 (hymn to 8arrat-Nippuri),

see AfK 1 24; ina qe-reb fadi irtibimaiteluma irtaku mindti (see etelu mng. 1)AnSt 5 100:36 (Cuthean Legend); GN 'a inaqe-reb KUR Arqania AKA 377 iii 101 (Asn.);tdhazu dannu ina qe-reb ade lu agkun Iwaged a fierce battle in the mountainfastnesses WO 1 458:37, also 3R 7 i 22 (bothShalm. III); ERfN.ME§ muqtabliunu inaqe-reb hurdni ... una'il I laid flat theirfighting troops in the middle of the moun-tains AKA 78 vi 4 (Tigl. I), also AKA 339 ii 114(Asn.); ina qe-reb ad danni ditaunu adukin a difficult mountain region I defeatedthem AKA 300 ii 17 (Asn.), also OIP 2 61 iv 74(Senn.); ina qe-reb GN Sadi ine' irtu heturned back in the middle of Mount GNTCL 3 142 (Sar.); uhummi zaqruti a ultuulla ina qer-bi-4u-un urqtu la iedt (seezaqru usage a) Lyon Sar. 6:35; a ... inaqe-reb GN Sad ina puzri nanzuzu (cedars)that were standing in the hidden recessesof Mount GN OIP 2 107 vi 51 (Senn.); (wildanimals) ina q6-reb Sa (var. omits Sa)hurldni saqte amidst high mountainsAKA 90 vii 8 (Tigl. I).

qerbu lbc' with itu/ultu/issu: kur.ra kur

Sa.ta nam.ta. [e.d6] : i tu qe-reb Sadiana mdtu urdu (the illness) came downon the land from the middle of the moun-tains CT 17 12:5; Lamat[u ri]da ultuqe-reb Sadi Lambert BWL 40:55 (Ludlul II),see p. 344; talqinima ultu qe-reb Aadi anarPut niSe tab-bi-in-ni (see nabi A mng.3a) ZA 5 79:27; busdunu issu qe-reb Sadeuserida I brought their possessions downfrom the mountains WO 1 468:20 (Shalm.III), also 1R 30 ii 57 (8amBi-Adad V), OIP 2 27 ii 4(Senn.); kima iuiri ultu qe-reb §adi abdrc6uma akkisa qaqqassu I caught him likea bird from the mountain recesses and cutoff his head Borger Esarh. 50 iii 30; Sallas=sunu TA qe-reb add utera Iraq 25 56:43(Shalm. III); the subjugated kings hadbuilding materials brought to Ninevehultu qe-reb hurldni alar nabnitulunu fromthe mountains where they originatedBorger Esarh. 61 v 81.

2' without prep. - a' qerbu alone:zi.kur.bar.ra zi.kur.A.ga h6.<pad> : n2 ahat §adi ni qe-reb gadi beconjured by the outside of the mountain,by the inside of the mountain PBS 1/2115 i 15f. (SB inc.); qe-reb hurgSni zaqruti. .. ina sisi arkab in the midst of the steepmountains I rode on horseback OIP 2 26i 68 (Senn.); tudi paqti a lapan ademargiti ulldnua qe-reb-gi-un mamman lailliku §arrdni narrow paths by whichbefore me none of (the previous) kingshad gone because of the difficult moun-tains ibid. 37 iv 16; a qe-reb ad el (theenemies) who had gone up into the moun-tains Streck Asb. 74 ix 38; iq gr Sam muttaprilu qe-reb-i la i'iru (a mountainregion) into which not even a winged birdcould penetrate AKA 270 i 49 (Asn.), alsoScheil Tn. II 38; qe-reb GN ikcifu they cut(huge cedar logs) in the Amanus moun-tains OIP 2 132:70 (Senn.); difficult: Nippurlamir r~ieti a^2 qer-rbi-u is surroundedby happiness, it(?) rises amidst (themountains?) ZA 10 294 r. (!) i 3, see AfK 1 23(coll. W. G. Lambert).

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qerbu Icb' with Sa: GN §a qe-reb §adi ruqiti

GN, which lies amidst distant mountainsOIP 2 41 v 5 (Senn.), cf. AKA 58 iii 96 (Tigl. I);§ubta girta §a qer-bi-4u a magnificentabode in it (Mount Abeh) Weidner Tn. 36No. 25:4.

c) of the sea- 1' with prep.: seeCT 16 10 iv 18f., in lex. section; §allassunuitu qe-reb tdmdti ulild I brought theirbooty out of the sea Iraq 25 56:44 (Shalm.III); alluttu hurJai ana qe-reb tdmti addi(see alluttu mng. lb) OIP 2 75:80; kmanini ultu qe-reb tdmti abdru I caught himlike a fish out of the sea Borger Esarh.48 ii 73; ultu qe-reb tdmti nakrutija kiamiqbini from out of the sea my enemiessaid ibid. 58 v 24.

2' without prep.: ibbandma ilu qe-reb-§u(var. -di) -un the gods were created inthem (the waters of Aps4 and Tiamat)En. el. I 9; §a Igigu la idi qe-reb libbiSa(the sea) whose interior the Igigu do notknow Lambert BWL 128:36 (hymn to Samas);v id-mi qe-reb tam-tim : t im-bu-u tam-tim Uruanna I 664; ana GN §a qe-reb tamtiinnabit he fled to GN, which is an islandin (lit. is in the middle of) the sea OIP2 77:18 (Senn.); §a ... qe-reb tdmti innabtuBorger Esarh. 58 v 10; GN... §a qe-reb tdmtinadi Sidon, which lies in the middle ofthe sea ibid. 48 ii 68; nagi beruti §a qe-re-eb tiamti eliti u Japliti distant regionsin the middle of the Upper Sea and theLower Sea VAB 4 146 ii 27, also 148 iii 6(Nbk.); note the locative or terminativeused instead of ana/ina: dIR.UG5.GA falilgimriunu qer-bid Tiamat (var. tam-tim)DN who carried all of them off captiveinto the midst of the sea En. el. VII 103;9a qer-biS (vars. ina qer-bi, ina qer-bi)Tidmat itebbiru la ndhi (for la andhi~?)gumJ u lu dNeberu dhizu qerbiu the onewho is used to crossing the expanse ofthe ocean without tiring, his name shallbe Ford (star) (because) he occupies thecentral position ibid. 128; qer-biS(var.-bi-i) Tidmat Judluhu teb arkiu they

qerbu le(the seven winds) followed him to roilthe inside of Tiamat En. el. IV 48, cf.ipuSma sapara Sulm qer-biS Tidmat (var.fqer-bil-iS tam-tim) ibid. 41; aar Purattum&Sa ul§eleru qer-bu-u4 tdmti where theEuphrates empties its water into the seaOIP 2 74:78 (Senn.).

d) of rivers, watercourses, etc. - 1'with prep.: me ana qer-bi-gd addi I (redugthat canal and) let water into it AKA 147v 23 (Agiur-bel-kala); butuqtu ultu qe-rebPuratte ibtuqa he cut a sluice from theEuphrates Winckler Sar. pl. 21 No. 44:5;ultu qe-[reb] fD GN ugznimma igbatu gepejathey came out of the (marshes of the)Uqnf river and clasped my feet Lie Sar.p. 48:4; x qaqqaru. . . ultu qe-reb fD Husur... lu aqbata I took an area of 289 cubitsfrom the river Husur OIP 2 105 vi 2; ultuqe-reb ID Husur mdme ddarti agara ufarddout of the river Husur I let inexhaustiblewater flow down to it (Nineveh) ibid.98:90, also 79:12 (all Senn.).

2' without prep.: mighty ships qe-rebIdiglat id-[du]-4i-na-ti they launched inthe Tigris OIP 2 73:61 (Senn.); qe-reb katimtiasurrakkiSa (see katimtu usage a) ibid.99:49, also 96:76; I defeated PN adib qe-reb agamme who lived in the middle ofthe marshes ibid. 34 iii 53; innabit qe-rebagamme u appdrdti erumma he fled andentered the marshes and swamps ibid.56:6; qan appdrdti 'a qe-reb agammeaklitma (see agammu usage a) ibid. 115viii 61, also 125:48, and passim in Senn., seeagammu usage b; qe-reb mdme apldnuaban §adi danni aksima in the middle ofthe water, down below, I fixed heavyrocks ibid. 113 viii 10; naru Sa mammala idi qe-reb-§d Maqlu VI 99; note thelocative used instead of ana: ndru lim=huranni liserid qer-bu-u-i (see arddu Amng. 3d) PBS 1/1 14:20 (inc.), see JNES 33 274.

e) of other geographical and topo-graphical features - 1' with prep.: Iincorporated much land ultu q-reb uSalli

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qerbu Ifu tamirti dli from the meadows and theirrigated areas of the city OIP 2 128 vi 46,also ibid. 131:60; they sent their messengersina qe-reb tamirti GN eriua to me in thefields around Cutha ibid. 50:22; I collectedtheir scattered cavalry itu qe-reb $eri ubamdti ibid. 52:35 (all Senn.); UD.6.KAMana qe-reb kiri ulte#gdmma on the sixthday (the god) goes out td the garden SBHp. 145 No. VIII ii 22.

2' without prep.: all kinds of plantsprospered qe-reb kirdti inside the gardensOIP 2 125:45; they felled great trees qe-reb qi4dti in the midst of the forestsibid. 104 v 68, cf. (trees) qe-reb-ii hurruSuibid. 111 vii 57, 101:57 (all Senn.); my troopsqe-reb-4in erubu entered them (the sacredforests) Streck Asb. 54 vi 68; m. .. qe-rebgippdte g$tina uJahbiba atappiS (seeatappil) OIP 2 114 viii 30 (Senn.); Sa harubt[ierge] ti ippatir qe-reb-Sd the bosom of thebarren earth burst Lambert BWL 177:19;the GN tribe a qe-reb madbari itkunatTubassun whose home lies in the middleof the desert OIP 2 93 r. 26, also 92 r. 22(Senn.); madbar ... Ia i~i r lame la i4S'uqe-reb-li the desert in which no birdflies Streck Asb. 70 viii 88.

f) of heaven, the nether world, andother cosmological entities - 1' withprep.: dUtu an.. ku 4.ku 4.da.zu.de : ana qe-reb lam ina erebika whenyou, Samag, enter heaven Abel-WincklerNo. 59: f.; Adapa ana qe-reb lame (titleof a composition) Rm. 618:2, in Bezold Cat.1627; alszka beiz ina qe-reb lame ellitiI called upon you, my lord, in the midstof holy heaven Combe Sin No. 6:7, also BMS21:10, 4R 17 r. 8, KAR 55:12, and passim inprayers, see Mullo Weir Lexicon 172, also PSBA20 156:20; [ a.an].sud.da gfi.ur 5.an.da : [ina q-reb Sam rqiti alsiki KAR73 r. 7f.; kippat mdtdti ina qd-reb SamJaqldta you hold the disk of the landssuspended from the heavens Lambert BWL126:22 (hymn to Samat); ina q!-reb 6amdmeIu-lu-td . .. appalissunti (in my dream)

qerbu IfI saw (the moon and planets) .... in themiddle of the sky VAB 4 278 vi 33 (Nbn.);ni.me.lAm an.na an.a..ta sag.g4.e mu.un.rig 7 . ga : puluhti melammeAnu ina qe-reb ame ana irikti ifruk uAnu gave him awe-inspiring splendor as apresent in heaven Angim II 11 (= 70); inaqe-reb apsi ibbani [Mar] duk ina qe-reb elliapsi ibbani [Marduk] En. el. I 81 f.; enemaAdad ina qe-reb Same rigimSu ittanandiwhen Adad keeps thundering in the skyBMS 21 r. 73, cf. summa Adad ina qe-rebSame issima ACh Adad 19:51, with ex-planation ina MURUB 4 AN-e ibid. 52, cf.(Adad) [.. .] -x erpeti ina qe-re-eb §a-me-eKUB 4 26A 9, restored from LKA 53:14; izi.gar su.lim bur.bur.a.zu an. a.gaigi im.da.kAr.kar.ra.ab : alummatdipdriki litputu ina qe-reb am littanpah(see dipdrulex. section) TCL 651 r. 19f.; [E.sag.i]l A zU.AB.kex.e.de dLugal.du 6.ki.ga mu.ni.in.ri.a : E MIN faina qi-reb apsi Lugaldukuga irm Esagilwhich DN founded in the middle of theap8u CT 13 36:13, cf. BA 10/1 75 No. 4 ii 12;a high mountain a itti ikin urpati inaqe-reb Same ummuda reSdiu whose peaksreach into the middle of the sky togetherwith the clouds TCL 3 + AfO 12 144:96 (Sar.);nam.erim a.an.na.ta im.ta.ex.d[ ] : mdmitu ultu qe-reb ame urda[m=ma] the "oath" descended from thecenter of heaven Aurpu VII 3f.; an. A&.ga.ta IM.ginx kalam.ta zi.ga.mei :iStu qe-reb 5am kima Sdri ana mdti ittebiCnigunu they (the evil demons) have risenfrom the middle of the sky like a windagainst the land CT 16 20:106f.; an. A.ku.ga.ta [ ].zu.d6 : itu qe-reb Sam&[elliti] ina ai ka when you come out ofthe midst of holy heaven 4R 17:1 f.; kimaqe-reb Sam& luttammir may I become asbright as the middle of the sky BMS 12:83,also Iraq 18 62:30, cf. A.an.ginx h6.en.dadag.ga : kima q-reb lamS limmirBurpu p. 53:28; Esagil and Ezida kinmaqe-re-eb eamdmi unammir VAB 4 142 i 21,also 182 iii 38 (Nbk.); libbi ili kima q-reb

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qerbu IgSame nesima (see libbu mng. 3a) LambertBWL 86:256, cf. ibid. 76:82 (Theodicy), for comm.see lex. section, cf. [. . .] si.ud.du.ginx :kima qe-reb apsi ruqu like the distantinside of the apse (no god sees it) BA 5646 No. 12:5f.; r a.abl.§eg 9.rga(?)1.taana qe-reb apsi Or. NS 47 432f.:11f., f.

.engur.ra.ta : ina qe-reb apsi ibid.31f.

2' without prep. - a' qerbu alone:SA.an.na igi.bar.ra.ta.e : qe-rebdam u erpeti kini ultdpu (see api A lex.section) STC 2 pl. 49:7 and 14 (bil. introduc-tion to Enuma Anu Enlil); ajU tem ilz qe-rebgame ilammad who can understand theminds of the gods in heaven? LambertBWL 40:36 (Ludlul II); kdbisi qe-reb gameruqti attunuma you (pl.) are the oneswho walk around in the faraway heavensJRAS 1929 285:9, also Iraq 18 62:15 (from Hama);[di]pdru namirtu a qe-reb Samdme STT73:112; ina gu'dri u'duru qe-reb Andu=runna (see adaru A mng. 5b) En. el. I 24;§umAu lu Neberu dhizu qer-bi-6u (seeneberu mng. 3c) En. el. VII 129; §uriia.aurudu qe-reb aralli its (the mountain's)

foundation is laid in the nether world TCL3 19 (Sar.); ilu rabiti a4ibut qe-reb Irkallathe great gods who dwell in the netherworld STT 28 v 8, also ibid. ii 7, v 24, vi 46(Nergal and Erelkigal); Ea ... qe-reb apsiinattal panukka KAR 105:9, dupl. 361:9;nur game ergeti mulpardi qe-reb apsi lightof heaven and earth, who makes brighteven the middle of the aps2 AKA 257 i 8(Asn.).

b' in the locative: Ea qer-bu apsi~iWianim dunnam Ea endows her withstrength in the apse VAS 10 214 vii 3 (OBAgugaja), cf. i-qer-bu apsi nazuzzat she(Saltu) stands in the middle of the apsziibid. vi 11.

g) of cities - 1' with prep. - a' withadi: dldniu ... adi q-reb GN aklud Iconquered his cities up to GN Streck Asb.22 ii 131; ultu pdt Bdbili adi q-re-eb Ki

qerbu Igfrom the region of Babylon as far as KishSumer 3 15 i 21 (Nbk.).

b' with ana: §allassunu kabittu taal=lala ana qe-reb guanna you will carry offtheir considerable booty into BabylonCagni Erra V 30; ana qe-reb Bdbili adimahrija ibilunimma they brought (pres-ents) into Babylon to me Winckler Sar.pl. 35:149; nara ... ana qe-reb Suannaahri I dug a canal (leading) into BabylonLie Sar. 379; his troops 9a ana qe-reb GN. . . ugiribuma which he had brought intoJerusalem OIP 2 70:31 (Senn.); innabit anaqe-reb GN he fled into Thebes Streck Asb.10 i 88; itu GN i4addihu ana qe-re-eb GN2(Nabi) travels from Borsippa to BabylonVAB 4 160 vii 34 (Nbk.); kullata ildni Sauleribi ana qe-er-bi mdhdziAun all of thegods whom I had brought into their cultcities 5R 35:34 (Cyr.), see Berger, ZA 64 200.

c' with ina: [f]D [in] qer-bi-su u-su-zihe diverted the river from it (the capturedcity) PBS 5 36 iii 22 (OAkk.); i-qe-ra-dbAlim inside the City (i.e., Assur) CCT 445b:18, TCL 14 37:4, cf. Jankowska KTK 5:8;ina qd-ra-db Alim KTS 8a:11 (all OA); (atemple) ina qe-re-eb dlija AlSur abni Ibuilt in my city Assur AOB 1 22 ii 12, alsoibid. iii 10, 24 iv 9 (Samii-Adad I), cf. ekalbelutija luturta ina qe-reb-Su argip KAH 284:38 (Adn. II), bit Enlil u Ninurta ina qe-reb-gi addi Iraq 14 33:55 (Asn.), also 3R 8ii 34 (Shalm. III), (temples) ina qer-bi-'uaddi I founded in it (Dur-Sarrukin) LyonSar. 25:16; maddattau .. . ina q-reb GNdliu amhur u I received his tribute fromhim in his city GN TCL 3 308 (Sar.); alamarrutija ina qer-bi-ii ulziz I erected a

statue depicting me as king in it (the newcity) Winckler Sar. pi. 32:63, also OIP 2 28 ii 10;the New Year's festival a .. . ina qe-rebdli inneppuu which used to be celebratedinside the city OIP 2 136:27 (Senn.); inaqe-reb Ninua ... hadi6 erumma I enteredNineveh amidst rejoicing Borger Esarh. 45ii 1; epletifu lemneti ina qe-reb Ninuaamema while I was in Nineveh I heard

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qerbu Ig

of his evil actions ibid. 47 ii 51; ina qe-rebGN iSmA in GN he heard (of the defeat ofhis army) Streck Asb. 8 i 83; ina qe-er-bi-Aiulepil I had (Ezida) built in it (Borsippa)VAB 4 126 iii 39, also 172 viii 15 (both Nbk.);ina qe-reb Bdbili likin 6ubti may mydwelling remain stable in Babylon ibid.260 ii 47 (Nbn.); ummdnija rapdti ina qe-reb Babili iladdiha lulmdniJ my extensivearmy marched peacefully into Babylon5R 35:24 (Cyr.), see Berger, ZA 64 198; aninscription §a. . . ina qe-er-ba Akkade PNtuplarru muru which the scribe PN dis-covered in Akkad Clay, MJ 3 24 fig. 9:5(NB).

d' with igtu/ultu: their possessionsitu qe-reb 1di udtu alqdunuti I tookaway from them out of that city 1R 31iv 13 (SamAi-Adad V); a ultu qe-reb GN a lula(booty) which I took out of GN TCL 3 408(Sar.), also OIP 2 33 iii 26 (Senn.), RAcc. 80:47(colophon); the protective goddess iitu qe-reb Uruk ibbakma ina qe-reb Babili ule ibhe will lead away from Uruk and settleher in Babylon Hunger Uruk 3 r. 4 (proph-ecies); RN ultu qe-reb GN ulgSamma Ibrought RN out of GN OIP 2 70:27 (Senn.),also Streck Asb. 42 v 3; he fled ultu qe-rebBdbili ana GN2 Winckler Sar. pl. 34:125; Nab... ultu qe-reb GN uMte4era har[rdna] DNtook the direct road out of Borsippa StreckAsb. 266 iii 16.

2' without prep. - a' qerbu alone:bdni ... bit Dagan qe-re-eb Terqa whobuilt the temple of Dagan in Terqa AOB 126 No. 5:9 (8amti-Adad I); stone colossi daldida qe-reb Ninua I had transported toNineveh OIP 2 127 d 9; kakki ASur belijaqe-reb-ii u arme ibid. 62 iv 89; qe-rebBdbili a[na ma]riu aqtibi aldku I gaveorders to march against him into Baby-lonia ibid. 50:16; q-reb GN... esiru Ishut him up in GN ibid. 70:28 (all Senn.);qe-reb dli Iudtu erub I entered that cityStreck Asb. 28 iii 55, also 58 vi 115; qe -reb GNalkundu ana arriti ibid. 194 K.2656:17;tribute q-er4 -ba-Ju amhur I received in it

qerbu Ig(Babylon) VAB 4 94 iii 22 (Nbk.); qe-er-baBabili unal4iqu Iepia 5R 35:30 (Cyr.);teterub qe-reb-ti you entered it (Babylon)Cagni Erra IV 4; qer-bi Bdbili tdbi elgili takkana hid2tu Pinches Texts in Bab. Wedge-writing p. 16 No. 4 r. 10; erget abul Nab qer-biGN the area at the Nabf gate in GN Dar.323:2; in the locative: (Hammurapi, whoestablished his people safely) qer-bu-umKA.DINGIR.RA ki CH iv 42, of. ibid. 50; RNbdni ekallim ina qe-er-bu GN RN who builtthe palace in GN OBT Tell Rimah 277:4;in later texts (also instead of ana): apalace ana miAab §arrutija qer-bu-u-Fiabnima Winckler Sar. pl. 40:36, and passim inSar.; ina .tub libbi .. . qer-bu-u-§u erebito enter it (the city) in a happy moodLyon Sar. 8:54.

b' with §a: Urbi Aramu Kaldu §a qe-rebGN GN2 GN3 GN4 the Urbi, Arameans, andChaldeans who were in GN, GN2 , GN 3 , andGN 4 OIP 2 54:52 (Senn.); mare mat AMur

a qe-reb GN the Assyrians in MemphisStreck Asb. 14 ii 25; dZi.sum.mu Nibruki.Sa.ga.kex(KID) : dNin-imma(sIG7) aqe-reb Nippuru RAcc. 14 iii 3f.; Ninurta§a qe-reb Kalha ADD 640:6, 641:8, cf. Ezida§a qe-reb Kalhi 1R 35 No. 2:7 (Adn. III), cf.also Borger Esarh. 73 § 47:7, Thompson Esarh.pl. 15 ii 5 (Asb.), YOS 1 44 i 25 (Nbk.), VAB 4232 i 30 (Nbn.), 5R 66 i 15 (Antiochus I), andpassim in royal inscrs., BBSt. No. 36 (p. 121)n. 1:3, VAS 15 14:3, BRM 2 18:2, BRM 1 58:2,BIN 1 127:3, and passim in NB; I entered anaekallilu a qe-reb Bdbili his palace inBabylon OIP 2 24 i 27 (Senn.), cf. Streck Asb.84 x 51; erget GN a qe-er-ba Babili theGN area within Babylon Nbk. 164:2, also328:3, wr. qe-er-bi Nbn. 75:9, qer-bi Dar.245:2, 275:5, TCL 12 8:8, wr. qe-reb VAS 538:1, cf. BRM 2 14:3, BIN 2 131:3, VAS 1 70ii 31, BBSt. No. 36 ii 13 (both kudurrus), VAB 4212 ii 16 (Ner.), and passim in NB.

c' depending on a preceding stat.const.: bitdt qer-bi-ii-nu girra usabitmaI set fire to the houses in them (the cities)TCL 3 90 (Sar.); epg dli u ulbur qer-bi-e-

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qerbu Ih84i ilrukuinni (the gods) granted me theprivilege of building a city and growingold in it Lyon Sar. 12:75; nile cdib qer-bi-4i (var. qer-bi-e-Ju) the people living

in it Borger Esarh. 15 Ep. 9c:9.

h) of other localities: ana qe-reb ulman=nija uierib I brought (booty) into mycamp TCL 3 178, and passim in Sar., also RostTigl. III p. 14:72; edi tdmati .. . qe-rebzardtija erumma (see edti s. usage a-1')OIP 2 74:74 (Senn.); amur uttatu qe-reb-Sdbitri (see bari A v. mng. 4) Bab. 12 pl. 6:19and pl. 3:42 and 45 (Etana); GIR.PAD.DU.ME§abbieu mahruti ultu qe-reb kimdhi ihpirma(see kimdhu usage e) OIP 2 85:9 (Senn.);lumma amelu burta iptema qe-reb- d utu(see atit v. mng. 2c) CT 38 22:22 (SB Alu),for comm. see lex. section.

i) of buildings - 1' with prep.: igStuana qer-bi-§u imqut fire broke out in it(the temple) AOB 1 120 iv 4 (Shalm. I); erumma ana qe-reb ekalliu I entered hispalace OIP 2 72:46 (Senn.); ana qe-reb-ii(var. qer-bi-i) ulerib I led (Igtar) into it(the temple) Borger Esarh. 76:14, cf. uSteirana qe-reb Esiskurra SBH p. 145 No. VIIIii 4; ana qe-reb ekalli ubluinnima theybrought me into the palace VAB 4 276 v 1(Nbn.); I will build a house for you talabi-qe-er-bi-Ju reside in it BiOr 30 361:27;kima urram tutarrahu ina qe-re-eb ekallitomorrow when you are praised in thepalace RA 45 172:31 (both OB lit.); ildnidJibit Ekur belija ina qer-be-u ukin Iestablished in it (the temple) the godsliving in Ekur, my lords AOB 1 132 No. 3r. 12 (Shalm. I); elalld paraq ilutilunu rabitiina qe-reb-§u addi I set up an elall forthe rites of their divine majesty in itAKA 99 vii 107 (Tigl. I); nareja altur ina qer-be-gi-na alkun I wrote foundation docu-ments and deposited them in them (thepalaces) AfO 18 352:76 (Tigl. I), also KAH 283 r. 15 (Adn. II), AKA 159:4 (Asn.), OIP 2 130vi 73 (Senn.); ina q-reb ekalli la GN Iraq18 125 r. 14 (Tigl. III); the great gods ofAssyria ina qer-bi-Ain iqrima he invited

qerbu liinto them (the palaces) Winckler Sar. pl.39:125, also OIP 2 98:92 (Senn.), Borger Esarh.63 vi 44; ina qe-reb bit papdhi .. . inaaSdbiki when you reside in this cellaBorger Esarh. 76:16; the temple aAur inaqer-bi-u eramm ibid. 87 r. 1; [ildni] tiklijaina qer-bi-u [uAe]ribma Thompson Esarh.pl. 16 iii 33 (Asb.); ina qe-reb ekalliu ukn(tablets) he deposited in his palace StreckAsb. 362 1 4, and passim in Asb. colophons; ekal=ldti iteppuu . .. bugAdunu ina qe-er-biunakkimu (my royal predecessors) usedto build palaces and piled up their pos-sessions in (them) VAB 4 114 i 47; inaqe-ri-bi-Su likn Subatka may your resi-dence be firmly established in it (thetemple) VAB 4 258 ii 24 (Nbn.); the templeSa Ak.MAH ina qer-bi-Si ibban Iraq 3646:99; ina qe-reb Esiskur iteneppulu isinnuthey keep celebrating festivals in EsiskurSBH p. 145 No. VIII ii 7, also ibid. 16 and 18;if katarru fungus appears ina qe-reb bit[amili] CT 40 15:16 (SB Alu); Aa .6.a.taib. ta. : itu q'-reb biti qi get out ofthe house! CT 16 31:108 (inc.); TA qe-rebEzida ina Sat mili ultdpd nannaril (seenannariS) SBH p. 145 No. VIII i 16; itu qe-reb Eanna tuiqma she (Igtar of Uruk) hadleft Eanna VAB 4 274 iii 24, also 276 iii 35(Nbn.).

2' without prep. - a' qerbu alone:qe-reb-Su kima libbi ame ubenni I made its(the temple's) interior as beautiful as theinside of the heavens AKA 98 vii 97 (Tigl. I);the gods of Assyria qer-bi-Ai-na aqri Iinvited into them (the palaces) Lyon Sar.18:98; the enemy troops Suil qe-reb-Ainwere garrisoned in them (the fortresses)TCL 3 289 (Sar.); lagruna qe-reb-}a may Ipile up (booty) in it (the palace) Lie Sar.82:13; Sa ... bilat malki kibrdt arbd'iimdanahharu q-reb-gu (a palace) in whichthey used to receive the tribute of kingsfrom all over the world OIP 2 94:67 (Senn.);qe-reb ekalli Sdtu ddri ligtabri2 may (pro-tective gods) be present forever in thispalace ibid. 125:53; a ... q-reb ekallija

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qerbu liirb (PN) who had grown up in my palaceibid. 57:13; uaptA qe-reb-zi I had (15gates) opened in it (the wall) ibid. 112vii 73; ana ekal RN a55u paqdd buii umakkiri qe-reb-d erub I entered thepalace of RN to inspect (his) property andpossessions ibid. 51:30; irruba qe-re-ebekalli they entered the palace VAS 12193:22 (far tamhdri), see Rainey EA 359; qe-reb ekalli ikabbas he will walk about inthe palace Kraus Texte 22 i 26; qe-reb-§d ddri6 lurmema may I dwell in itforever Borger Esarh. 64 vi 56; ildni uiJtardti diibit qer-bi-6u the gods andgoddesses living in it ibid. 23 Ep. 32:10;,a ... sattukku ginld ukinnu qd-reb-dinwho established permanent offerings inthem (the temples) ibid. 80:38; a palacealar RN ... qe-reb-Fi i'aldu in whichRN was born Streck Asb. 4 i 27, also 31;I opened his treasury a kaspu ... nuk:kumu qe-reb-di-un in which silver (etc.)was piled up ibid. 50 v 134; [m] akkr lanibi qe-reb-li tutta you will find in-describable wealth in it (the treasurehouse) Lambert BWL 102:85; qe-reb ekurriu ekalli italluka lizamm[$eu] may hedeprive him of access to temple or palacePostgate Royal Grants No. 10:62, cf. ibid. 53;qe-reb ekallija ukin I deposited (tablets)in my palace Streck Asb. 354 b 8, 358 d 7, andpassim in Asb. colophons; qe-reb-S6 appalismaI discovered (a building inscription ofHammurapi) in it (the foundation) CT 3429 ii 2 (Nbn.); ilani rabiti dib qe-re-eb-bi-si-na uarmd qe-re-eb-6i-in the great godswho used to live in them (the temples) I(re)settled therein VAB 4 106 i 52f., also,wr. qe-er4 -ba-6u ibid. 92 ii 25 (Nbk.); amaS... qe-er-ba-Ju ulelib I led DN into it totake up residence ibid. 226 iii 7, also 264 i 38,40, 262 i 21 (all Nbn.); enima Marduk . .iramm qe-re-eb-ka when DN takes upresidence in you (addressing the temple)ibid. 64 iii 57 (Nabopolassar), also ibid. 126 ii 59(Nbk.); kajdna qer-ba-Ju(var. -Si) malirildti its (the temple's) interior is fullof joy all the time AfK 1 25 iii 14, cf. qer-

qerbu Ij

ba-6a ramema ibid. 24 iii 9, cf. also qe-reb-8 u armUka ina hiddti KAR 105 r. 4.

b' with 6a: multe' alrdt ildni §a qe-rebElarra who looks after the sanctuariesof the gods who (live) in EBarra Iraq 2552:4 (Shalm. III); muddi4 ildni u i tari aqe-reb-e-ti who renovates the (statues ofthe) gods and goddesses in it (Esagil)Borger Esarh. 46 ii 23; Qulil tardni §a qe-rebbarakkdni et(~ssun uahld (see julclu Amng. 1) OIP 2 107 vi 37; Ehursaggalkur:kurra a qe-reb Earra ibid. 144:8 (bothSenn.), also Borger Esarh. 75 § 48:5, VAB 4 90i 35 (Nbk.),'210 i 33 (Ner.).

c' in the locative: ganinu grum aqer-bu-u§-§u nitta4labunim rei theexalted chamber in which we used to sitjoyfully MIO 12 54 r. 17 (OB lit.); qe-er-bu-uSerub (referring to a gate) RB 59 246 str.9:10 (OB lit.); [kim]a tdritim ittanallak qe-er-bu-um Ekur she walks around in Ekurlike a nursemaid CT 15 6 vii 2, see JAOS86 139; lupulma bita ... qer-bu-uS-Su md:hdza u lufarlidma (see mdhdzu mng. la)En. el. V 123; kummukku lu nubattani inuSaptih qer-bu-u§ (vars. qe-reb- u, qer-bu-u4-u) let our night's resting placebe in your (Marduk's) cella, let us findrest in it En. el. VI 52, also 54, cf. CagniErra IV 100, cf. also qer-bid kummilu Sup:Suhi inuhma he (Marduk) rested insidehis chamber in order to have repose En.el. I 75; ugarrin qe-er-bu-u-§a I piledup (treasures) in it VAB 4 116 ii 20; a . .qe-er-bu-u-§u bagga ilapkuma (a temple)in which sand had piled up ibid. 96 i 15;ina qe-er-bi-la §hibtu lukud. . . bilassunukabitti lumhur qe-er-bu-u§-Sa. .. lipua inaqe-er-bi-Sa... .almdt qaqqadi libelu may Ireach old age in it (the palace), receivethe heavy tribute (from all kings) in it,in it may my descendants rule mankindibid. 140 x 6ff. (all Nbk.), also ibid. 214 ii 35 ft.(Ner.).

j) of boats, chariots: aj imur ama4qe-re-eb-Sa the sun should not see its

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qerbu 1k

(the boat's) interior Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 88 i 30; ina qe-reb elippeti uarkib=6uniti I had them (the soldiers) embarkin boats OIP 2 74:67, also (without ina) 35iii 64, 38 iv 42, cf. ultu qe-reb elippeti anakibri aribid ippariuma ibid. 75:93 (all Senn.);GI§ kariku zarati qe-er-bi-6u ulalbilu tiriSali u abni I plated with .... , gold, and(precious) stones its (the ceremonialbarge's) wooden ... .-s and the cabintherein VAB 4 128 iv 4 (Nbk.); itndteunuwarrapu qe-reb narkabdti unu umaMerunizil un (see zfi A mng. la) OIP 2 47 vi 31,and passim in Senn.

k) of stelas and other inscribed objects:I erected a stela alkakdt qurdja ina qe-reb-Su altur and wrote my heroic deedson it WO 1 468:38, also 3R 7 i 50, and passim inShalm. III; mimma eplet qdtija. .. ina qer-bi-fi alfur 1R 30 iii 24 (Aamti-Adad V), alsoUnger Reliefstele 22; mimma eplet eteppu4uqe-reb-§u uga tirma OIP 2 102:92 (Senn.);epSet ... teppu u ... eiqa qe-reb-ldwhat I had done I incised on it (referringto metal pegs on doors) Borger Esarh. 62vi 29, also (on foundation documents of variousmaterials) ibid. 28 Ep. 40 iii 16.

1) of battle: ana qe-reb tchazilunuaddi I sent (troops) into battle againstthem AOB 1 120 iii 17 (Shalm. I); (againstforty enemy kings) ina qe-reb tdhazi luamdaha I fought in battle Weidner Tn. 27No. 16:47; ina qe-reb tamhdri 6dti RN... qdtiikud in the midst of that battle I capturedKattiliagu Weidner Tn. 12 No. 5:59, 27 No.16:64, 30 No. 17:36, cf. ina qe-reb tamuhriqdti ikcud AKA 41 ii 27, also AfO 18 349:18,and passim in Tigl. I; ummdndt GN rapldteina qe-reb tamhdri ina kakki lu uamqitI defeated the massive troops of GN in themidst of battle AKA 192 ii 8 (Asn.); I tookaway their chariots and horses ina q-reb tamhdri udti in that battle 3R 8 ii 101(Shalm. III); (I prayed to ASSur) ina qe-rebtamhdri sikiptadu akini to bring abouthis (the enemy's) defeat in battle TCL 3124 (Sar.); §a . .. ina q-reb tdhazi la ini'u

qerbu Inirassu (I, RN) who did not turn back inthe midst of battle Borger Esarh. 43 i 54;ina qd-reb tamhdri mithu4 kakki epei tchaziCraig ABRT 1 30:33.

m) in time indications: 6umma inaMNina qe-reb kui amelu qera ... imur if aman happens to see a snake in MN in themiddle of winter CT 38 34:33 (SB Alu), alsoKAR 212 iii 21, see Labat Calendrier § 58:14;a[lsi]ka belu ina qe-reb mutiti I imploredyou, lord, in the middle of the night KAR26:31, cf. §a . . . illika qe-reb muliti Piep-korn Asb. 56 iv 11; 9 a.u 4 .da : qe-reb imu(in broken context, contrasted with[i.b] i(!) u4 .da : pa-an umu) SBH p. 122No. 70 r. 2.

n) other occs.: [sd]-pd-nam .. . nishassu u §addu'assu riksum ina qe-er-bi4 -unadi BIN 4 122:10, see Larsen Old AssyrianCaravan Procedures 54, cf. (he did not know)kzma hurdum i-qe-er-bi4-im aknu thatgold had been put in it (the flask) CCT3 31:32; ina qe-ra-db sfo.HI.A uknamput (the silver) inside the wool (to hideit) RA 59 159 MAH 16209:15 (all OA); zi'pitiddi abnima erd qe-reb-Si agtappaka (seeeru A usage d) OIP 2 109 vii 17 (Senn.);my inscription ukin qe-er4-bu-ug-u Ideposited in it (the wall) VAB 4 78 iii 29;qer-reb-bu-u--nu atalluku when I walkon them (the streets) ibid. 196 No. 29:7 (bothNbk.); ana qer-bu-ul (parallel: ana karatr[zms]) (the eagle descended) into itsinside (that of the bull's carcass) AfO 14302 ii 24 (Etana); (in broken context) q-er-bi-it x [. . .] CT 15 6 vi 3 (OB lit.), seeJAOS 86 139; ina qe-reb dunni rami bukuruhis son sprawls in bed Lambert BWL 84:246(Theodicy); qd-re-eb kisika allatka aj ilmad(see kisu A mng. lb-4') Ugaritica 5 163 ii 19;qer(?)-bi IIII.MES Hunger Uruk 83:15;difficult: 2 us'en ... i-[n]a qar-bi4-gu-nuaddi (var. ina ildiSunu akun) I placedtwo pot stands(?) among them (var. attheir bases) (referring to beer vats)Belleten 14 224:14 (Iriium), var. from AOB 112:22.

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qerbu 2a2. (in adverbial use) therein, there-

from, thereto - a) ina (ana) qerbim: 12TtG a Akkidd alqe i-q6-er-bi4 -im [1] TtGqatnam PN ilqe I took twelve textiles ofAkkadian make, therefrom PN took onethin textile CCT 5 39b: 19, cf. I took 43textiles ina qe-er-bi4 -im ana nuwdim aannakam upazziranni addin (some) there-of (or: in private) I gave to the nuwdumwho smuggled tin for me ibid. 8, cf.nishassu DIRI u adduassu i-qe-er-bi4 -maCCT 3 2a:7; 1 MA.NA kaspam Sa PN a-qe-er-bi4-ma (ahhi add one mina of silverbelonging to PN to it (the three and one-half minas already mentioned) TCL 1951:5 (all OA).

b) with suffix: barley in qer-bi-su xPN out of which x (amount) goes to PNBIN 8 143:2, also JCS 1 346:3, MDP 14 74 No.12:3, HSS 10 5:13; x barley in qer-bi-su2 GUR PN imnhur Limet Documents 47:5 (allOAkk.); note that the reading of SA.BAin OA in this meaning, e.g. Kt.GI kudum... SA.BA x Kt..GI a ahdtini the goldis yours, (PN said) thereof x gold is oursister's CCT 5 lld:10, x URUDU AA.BAX URUDU TCL 20 173:9, 61 kutdn .. .9A.BA 3 kutdnu nishdtum TCL 19 24:6, etc.,may be ina qerbiu or ina qerbim and notina libbilu as suggested sub libbu mng.4c-2'c', note ina 20 TIjG.HI.A ... A.BA11 T'cG.HI.A bit kdrim uta'erunim ina qe-ra-db qubdti Sunuti 1 TtaG a PN of thetwenty textiles (that the office of the kdrubought), thereof the office of the kdrureturned eleven textiles, among thosetextiles one is PN's BIN 4 123:5 and 7.

3. inner side, inner face: x qubdtidamqitim .a qe-er-ba-am almini x finetextiles which are perfectly finished onthe inner side BIN 4 63:20 (OA); eru ...Sa ina hurdei . . . rimu q-reb-4d a bedwhose inner side I covered with goldZA 5 79:36.

4. proximity: fI-na-qer-bi-dimnniListen-to-Me-Promptly BE 15 183:10, cf.

qerbu 5eI-na-qer-bi-talmdnni ibid. 184:12 (both MB);altasika ina qer-[b]i(-)e [. .. ] STT 66:12;for parallel use for proximity in time, seeqerbi4 mng. 2, qerebu mng. Ic.

5. (in the pl.) intestines, insides - a)in med.: umma amelu §A.ME§-,'2 nup:puhu irriu iarruru if a man's intestinesfeel swollen and his bowels discharge aputrid liquid Kocher BAM 159 v 48, also AMT22,2:4, Kocher BAM 168:1, wr. AA"-Ii ibid.201:23; umma amilu §A.ME -ii nuppuhuAMT 40,5 ii 9; dlittu ... A.MEA- a esluthe pregnant woman's bowels are con-stipated Iraq 31 29:2 (MA); §umma .. .9A.ME9-2i ... ikkalulu if his intestineshurt him Labat TDP 112:15, 9A.ME9-2ii

naphu ibid. 72:18, umma alittu A.ME-'anaphu ibid. 206:76, see also napdhu mngs.3b-1', 7a; Summa §A.ME§-iii sdmu if hisbelly is red Labat TDP 120:35, and passim(with sukkuru, etc.) in this text, cf. (said of a baby)ibid. 226:72ff.; see also ebetu mng. 2a.

b) in ext.: [umma qer]-bu ina qutsnibunu dakSu if the intestines are per-forated in their thin part RA 65 71:9 (OBext.), Summa qer-bu kabbarutu qattanutialtu if the thick intestines "devour" thethin ones ibid. 16, Summa qer-bu ana karlikamsu ibid. 21, and passim in this text.

c) in Izbu: [umma] izbu qer-bu-ikabruma if a malformed animal's in-testines are thick Leichty Izbu XVI 112,beside §A.ME§-di (= irri u) ibid. 98-109.

d) as a cut of meat: miSil uzu qer-bihalf of the intestines (among cuts of meat)BBSt. No. 36 v 13 (NB); gumma uzu qer-biMaD SUM-[i] ... umma uzu qer-bi // UZU.KIN SUM-Ui Dream-book 323K.2018A:x+llf., see ibid. p. 278, cf. UZU.MA.MJD OECT 1 pl. 20 W.-B. 10:19 (NB).

e) other occs.: qer-bi-ia idluhu (thedemons) disturbed my insides LambertBWL 42:65 (Ludlul II); [. . .] §A.ME§--u-nuunassih [. . .] I tore out their inner organsAfO 8 194 ii 3 (Asb.); pisurram u q-er-bi

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qerbilanassah I will tear out the .... and theintestines (of the goose) YOS 11 5 i 57,cited Goetze LE p. 128 n. 10; qer-bi-§d ubattiqauallit libba (see batdqu mng. 8e) En. el.IV 102; Tiamat adi nabnit qer-bi-gi (re-presentation of) Tiamat and the creaturesof her womb(?) OIP 2 142 b r. 2 (Senn.).

6. mind, heart: qe-reb-ki 5a atmi ittijalislim may your mind, to which I spoke (?),be reconciled with me JNES 33 282:153(inc.), cf. ina keni qer-bi-ki KAR 107:19;night qer-be §a 6arrate joy of mind for thequeen KAR 334 r. 5, cf. ipperdu qer-bu §atelzte ibid. r. 12; ajU . .. a qe-re-eb-ni lazmuru uparradupuhurn[i] who is this who,not knowing our character, tries tofrighten all of us? LKA 62:10; ina qabli6a lalika isrupu qe-reb-ka nuppi6 (see lalUA mng. lb) Tn.-Epic "iii" 28, cf. ibid. "iv" 22;itti qer-bi-ii idabbub he will take counselwith himself (for parallel with libbu, seedabdbu mng. 7) CT 38 21:83 (SB Alu); beluqe-reb-ka Sa namuggati linuhamma (seenamungatu) KAR 128 r. 21 (prayer of Tn. I,Sum. broken).

7. meaning: [Sa utti w]uddia qe-re-eb-4a explain to me the meaning of thedream Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 88 i 13; asevere wound a . .. asim qe-re-eb-u lailammadu which a physician cannotdiagnose CH xliv 59, cf. qe-reb-i-na laaltan[da] Lambert BWL 40:48 (Ludlul II);e.ne.em.ma.ni A~.bi nu.un.zu.a :amassu qe-reb-d ul illammad the mean-ing of his word cannot be understood(for var. see qerbetu lex. section) SBHp. 8 No. 4:68 f., also ibid. 66 f., and p. 31 No. 14:36f.

Ad mng. 5: For the reading of §A.ME§see Landsberger, MSL 9 87f.; in Izbu andwhen it refers to diarrhea (see egeru andiAaru) it is most likely irr, q.v.

For KI.KAL haSz CT 20 45 ii 12, TCL 6 5:15,see dannatu mng. 5. For KI.KAL suluppZ see qilpu.

qerbft (qarb~, fem. qerbitu) adj.; inner;OB, SB; cf. qerbu.

qerduze'piqe-er-bi-a-am u aliam aknukkumma

ultdbilakkum I sent you under seal myze'pu tablet, tablet and case (lit. the innerand the outer) CT 52 89:13, also, wr. qd-ar-bi-a-am Kraus AbB 1 75:15, cf. (uppiqd-ar-bi-a-am u aliam aknukamma uStdbilakkum CT 52 97:21, also, wr. qe-ar-bi-a-amibid. 148 r. 2; 30 mithartum kiditum 5 messetum mithartum qer-bi-tum mini (thelength of the side of) the outer rectangleis thirty, the distance (between the outerand inner rectangles) is five, how long is(the side of) the inner rectangle ? MDP 3445 (pl. 10) r. ii 34, and passim in this text, cf.kippatum qe-er-bi-tum [mini] what is (thesize of) the inner circle? TMB 29 No. 60:11(both OB math.); §umma igdr biti qer-bu-utzda 6ahitma kidc A KU 6ahit if the innerwall of a house sheds clay and the outersheds .... CT 38 15:53, cf. gumma igdrbiti qer-bu-u f da hulu6 ibid. 54 (SB Alu);uncert.: [... . ]i(?) -wi(?)-ri-im qe-er-bi-im (in broken context) ARM 18 1:22.

Kraus, BiOr 24 13 and AbB 7 69 note b toNo. 89.

qerbiutu s.; nearness, immediacy; Mari*;cf. qerebu.

L asm u4 -um qe-er-bu-ti imut belZ 1L asm .. . la ikalla u wardka ... liballit the physician died recently, mylord should not withhold a(nother) phy-sician, that he may care for the healthof your servants ARMT 13 147:29.

qerdu s.; plucked wool; NA; wr. syll.and SU.TAB.BA; cf. qarddu B.

4i-in-tu, ofi-du = i-pat KUR-ri CT 18 14 D.T.58 r. If.

1 ma-na sto qer-du ikkal a[mmar]aganni sadru iSatti he will eat one minaof plucked wool and drink the contentsof an agannu bowl Iraq 12 187 ND 203 r. 2,Iraq 13 pi. 16 ND 496:23 (= Postgate PalaceArchive 15:28 and 17:23), AJSL 42 182 No.1162:12, wr. sfG GOf-du ADD 244:14, wr.SU.TAB.BA ADD 436 r. 5, 474 r. 3, cf. ADD481:6.

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qereb-ekalliThe reading of KU§.TAB.BA in NB texts

when referring to oxhides, e.g. RAcc. 14ii 32, YOS 6 243:4ff., Nbn. 617:2ff., and passimin NB adm., is unknown.

In ABL 580 r. 4 read Aupra (KIN-ra) DU.ME§(coll. K. Deller).

von Soden, Or. NS 26 135f.

qereb-ekalli s.; palace insider; NB;cf. qerebu.

mannu 5a g§E-i u qe-reb .GAL-Siba.si ana muhhi u rahu whoever has abrother or someone inside the palacerelies on him (I, however, have no onebut the king) Landsberger Brief 9:50.

qerebu (qardbu) v.; 1. to be near, close,adjacent, to be close to, in intimacy withsomeone, to be imminent, at hand, near intime, to be present, to be available, to bepertinent, to be involved, 2. to come near,come close, to approach, to come to, toarrive at, 3. to approach with a request,to approach sexually, have sexual re-lations with a woman, to attack, affect(said of evil), to approach for otherpurposes, ana ahdmeS qerebu to concludean alliance, 4. to go up as offering, 5.to claim, 6. to start work, 7. qitrubuto approach each other (reciprocal), 8.qitrubu to approach, 9. I/3 to approachrepeatedly, 10. qurrubu to bring near,bring, to present, deliver (gifts, tribute),to present offerings, prayers, to servemeals (to the gods, rarely the king orgovernor), to lead, escort, let approach,to produce someone (in leg.), to take(pieces of information) as a whole, 11.awatam qarrubu to address, to speak tosomeone (OA only), 12. qurrubu (in thestative) to be near, close, imminent,available, 13. qurrubu to approach,14. II/3 to bring repeatedly(?), 15.III to submit a petition, 16. III tofasten, 17. III/2 to approach closely,18. III/3 to petition repeatedly (iterativeto mng. 15), 19. IV to raise a claim;from OA, OB on; I iqrib - iqarrib (OBlit. iqrab - iqarrab, NB, SB also iqrub -

qerebu laiqa/errub) - qerub (Ass. qurub), 1/2, 1/3,II, II/2, 1II/3, III, III/2, III/3, IV; wr.syll. and KU.NU; cf. muqerribu, naqrabu,qarab-biti, qerbd, qerbenu, qerbetu, qerbi6,qerbftu, qerbu adj. and s., qerb2, qerbutu,qereb-ekalli, qerubtu, qitrubid, qitrubu,qurbitu in a qurbiti, qurrubitu, qurubtu,taqribatu, taqribtu, taqrTu, taqrubtu.

ku. nu = q-re-bu (in group with tahzi, sandqu,emedu) Antagal G 198; [ku].nu = q[a-ra-bu]Antagal Fragm. 1 7'; ku.nu.a = qg-ri-ib, ga.ku.nu = lu-uq-ri-ib, h6.ku.nu = (blank) OBGT IX152ff.; [...] = mu-uh-ra qu-rib-ui Nabnitu K 35.

[a]-ru-um = q -re-[bu] CT 18 18 ii 13.[fu-ta-t]u- = qe-re-bu CT 41 34:13 (Alu Comm.);

e-mi-du sa-na-qu te4-h[u-u qi-re-bu CT 31 11obv.(!) i 22 (ext. comm., coll. F. W. Geers);[...] = qe-re-bu Izbu Comm. V 245b.

tu-qar-rab4 5R 45 K.253 v 55 (gramm.).

1. to be near, close, adjacent, to beclose to, in intimacy with someone, to beimminent, at hand, near in time, to bepresent, to be available, to be pertinent,to be involved - a) to be near, close,adjacent - 1' places: Aadtm q-ru-ub themountain is close TIM 2 97:23, dupl. 92:27(OB letters); eqlum afar wa4bdku qe-ru-ubthe region where I am living is close byARM 4 70:47, cf. Subtum ... ana kisalekallim qe-er-be-[et] ARM 3 84:21; minummemdtdt nakri a pd{ mdtika qer-bu anyenemy lands that are close to the territoryof your land KBo 1 4 ii 10, 12, dupl. KUB 32:11, also, wr. [qe]-er-bu KUB 3 7:8, seeBoSt 8 60 and 70; 2-ta eqletu §a ana ahdmeuqer-bi-' [. . .] VAS 5 91:19 (NB).

2' persons: ramSi-Adadu ummdndtuSuq6-ru-ub RN and his troops are closeTIM 2 15:42, cf. alum mihir (uppim atuldbilam Sarrum la qer-bu-ma la illikakkum Genouillac Kich 2 D 12 r. 16 (both OBletters); ummdndtum qe-er-ba Studies Lands-berger 194:49 (Shemshara let.); nakrum qe-ru-ub the enemy is near ARM 2 34:11; PNla q-er-ba-ak-ku-[um] ARM 1 87 r. 5', PNul qe-ru-ub ARM 1 37:9; atti alaril qe-er-be-ti andku rqdku you are near there,but I am far away OBT Tell Rimah 143:13,

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qerebu lb

cf. [PN] qe-rub u andku ruqek PN is near,but I am far away UET 4 165:12 (NB let.),cf. also a4ari qe-er-be-et ARM 1 91:7; qe-ru-ub salatz (parallel pahrat kimti) Uga-ritica 5 162:10; ana Agade qer-be-ku-ma Iam near GN BIN 1 17:12 (NB let.).

3' gods: Sin-qe-ru-ub Sin-is-NearOECT 3 63:7, 15; Ilum-qe-ru-ub VAS 8 4:10and 5:7; Ana-ds-qer(HA)-bet She-Is-Near-to-the-One-Who-Calls-on-Her BE 15155:16, 190 iii 28 (MB), see Stamm Namengebung318f., cf. Ana-dsd-qe-ru-ub YOS 13 4:5f.and seal (OB).

4' other occs.: uttatu a ana panTkunuqer-rub-ti . . . luddakku[nu]u I willdeliver to you the barley which is (stored)closer to you BIN 1 59:24, also ibid. 9 and21 (NB let.); nipqi'u qer-bu u'a iqabbi(see nipqi) Kocher BAM 231 i 13, dupl. 232 i16, cf. nipquu qit-ru-bu Labat TDP 84:34;Summa izbu uzun imittiSu ina [.. .] qer(var.qe-er) -be-et if the right ear of a malformedanimal is adjacent(?) to [.. .] LeichtyIzbu XI 24f.; obscure: qe-ru-ub (enJina[.. .] Lambert BWL 76:87 (Theodicy).

b) to be close to, in intimacy withsomeone: awilum ahi mddi qe-er-ba-amthe man is my brother, he is very closeto me OECT 3 83:20, cf. k/na awilum qe-er-ba-am .. . ul tide do you not knowthat the man is dear to me? ibid. 68:8,see Kraus, AbB 4 161 and 146, PN itu MU.30.KAM qe-er-ba-am Greengus Ishchali 23:25;SAL 9i mahrija qe-er-be-et OBT Tell Rimah143:26, ana awilim qe-er-be-ti ibid. 141:16;ana bitim mddi qe-ru-ub PBS 7 32:11;PN ... ana PN2 [q] e-ru-um-ma Kraus AbB1 49:19; allum mahar PA MAR.TU qe-er-be-tu-nu since you are close to theoverseer of the Amurru PBS 7 42:24 (all OBletters); ana bdb ekallim q-er-ba-ta youare close to the palace authorities ARM 2137:38; jdnu ilten libbiunu ... .a qi-re-ebana abika is there no one among themwho was close to your father? EA 1:20 (let.of Amenophis III); diu £i labzrma ili qer-bu-

qerebu Ic

I(vars. -u, -uS) (see labiru mng. la-3')Gilg. XI 13; PN ki ana PN2 ana ahhuti laqer-bu (see ahhutu mng. 2a-1') (beside ulqurrub iv 26) BBSt. No. 3 iv 42 and i 28 (MB).

c) to be imminent, at hand, near intime: nikkassu qu-ur-bu the accountingis imminent KT Blanckertz 3:26 (OA), cf.nikkas namridtim qe-ru-ub CT 33 24:10(OB let.); kma harrdni anaAlim qur-ba-at-ni that my trip to the City is nearJankowskaKTK 63:7; harrdnum... qu-ru-ubKTS 32a:6 (both OA); aldak qe-ru-ub I willgo soon TCL 1 34:11 (OB let.), aldki anaGN qe-ru-ub ARM 1 87:13, cf. aldk PN anaGN qe-ru-ub-ma OBT Tell Rimah 131:11, cf.aS§um alakgu qe-er-bu ibid., agJum aldki[qe-r]u-ub(sic) ARM 6 77:7; aldk ummdnd=tim ana qerinu qe-ru-ub OBT Tell Rimah147:12, aldk [arri] alari qe-ru-ub ibid.111:7, ele alari qe-ru-ub ARM 1 5:23;patdrqe-ru-ub I will depart soon A 3531:4,also YOS 2 14:8, 137:28; inanna aldk a bitimqe-ru-um-ma mamman ul afrudam (seealdku mng. 3c) Sumer 14 62 No. 36:10(Harmal let.); kzmia tidi eburum qe-ru-ubas you know, harvest time is near PBS1/2 2:5; erieum qe-ru-[ub] TCL 18 82:10,nabra qe-er-bu Kraus AbB 1 30:19 (all OBletters); tuwdr sikkdtim qu-ru-ub TCL 1437:15 (OA); ha'attagu qer-bet he is closeto fainting AMT 96,8:7; damdq ameli qe-ru-ub good fortune is at hand for the manCT 38 48 ii 66 (SB Alu), cf. SIG5 Lt qe-re-buKAR 423 i 54 (SB ext.); qe-ru-ub enenia(parallel: aruh naplurla) AfO 19 54:214(SB prayer), cf. §a nashurru qer-bu BA 5386:9; ki tabu suppiki ki qe-ru-ub neS:miki how pleasant is praying to you,how prompt is your attending BMS 8:1;ina pzk-a lu asim dabdbu ... ina uznekalu qe-ru-ub neJm JRAS 1920 567 r. 9, cf.dQur-bu-ni-i-mu-[i]d ADD 936 ii 5; Q-ru-ub-di-ni-ili Speleers Catalogue des intailleset empreintes orientales des Mus6es Royaux d'Artet d'Histoire, Bruxelles, supp. (1943) 121 No. 1388(seal); rubbu ana sullumi q-ru-[ub] angeris close to reconciliation AfO 19 51:80 (SB

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qerebu Idprayer); tdmartu §a dGU4.UD qur-bu theheliacal rising of Mercury is near ABL657:12, see Parpola LAS No. 120; umiu qe-er-bu ul iballut his (last) days are near,he will not stay alive ARM 10 6 r. 8', cf.umdtulu qe-er-ba AfO 18 63 i 18 (OBphysiogn.), imiuu qer-bu Kraus Texte 3b ii 3,50:44, CT 28 29:13, explained by TIL UD-miend of days ZA 43 98 ii 34 (all physiogn.).

d) to be present - 1' in leg.: Jummaawilum S g iuiu la qer-bu if the man'switnesses are not at hand (the judges willpostpone hearing his case for six months)CH § 13:15; ki ina MN PN ittalkuma PN2la qer-bi PN zaku if PN comes in MN andPN2 is not present, PN is free of claimsNbk. 52:11, cf. k PN la qer-bi BIN 1 113:15,also RA 14 155:10; a slave girl §a PN inapuzru ... ana PN2 ina la qe-re-bi 5a PN3iddinuma whom PN sold clandestinely toPN2 in the absence of PN3 (her owner)Strassmaier Liverpool 19:6; PN ina la qer-re-bu§a PN2 ina puhri iqbH in the absence ofPN2 , PN spoke in the assembly TCL 13133:15; ina la qa-ri-bi a PN YOS 6 78:9;pit ahdme6 na~i §a qer-bu ulallam theyassume warranty for each other, whoeveris present will pay in full TuM 2-3 35:3,also 13; 8a qe-rub kaspa uSallam ibid. 38:8,5a qer-bi kaspu inandin Nbk. 138:8, aqer-bi suluppi ittir whoever is presentwill pay the dates Nbn. 375:7, dupl. 619:6;a qe-rub §E.BAR ittir RA 25 77 No. 4 r. 1,

Sa qe-rub suluppi a... if~ir BE 10 16:7;§a qe-rub ikar ana PN ittir whoever ispresent will pay the beer to PN BE 104:17 (= TuM 2-3 216), a qe-rub ittir BE 931:7, 45:28 (= TuM 2-3 143), and passim, seeeteru B mng. Ic, and see Augapfel p. 108,Cardascia Muragsf 31ff., Ries Bodenpachtformu-lare 122f.

2' other occs.: Summa qpu la qur-buina pani u tadaggal if the (Assyrian)official is not present, you will wait forhim Borger Esarh. 108 iii 14 (treaty); anamuhhi ad 5a Bdbili. . . ul qer-b6-ka I was

qerebu lenot present at the oath ceremony for GNABL 202:7, cf. ul qer-be-ku-ma ABL 281r. 28; ki PN la qer-bi mimma mala teppulaPN2 ittikunu lmur since PN is not present,PN2 should look at whatever you (pl.) doBIN 1 33:26; §arru qe-ru-ub (see batdlumng. 2a) ibid. 25:12 (all NB letters); theking wrote about that man lu qu-ru-ublet him be in attendance (to be ques-tioned) ABL 49 r. 21, see Parpola LAS No. 312,cf. pandt L.SAG-ia lu qur-bu ABL 304 r. 6;PN [la] qur-bu ABL 447:6; note in trans-ferred mng.: patru memeni la qur-bu with-out any dagger being drawn ABL 144:19(all NA).

e) to be available: ali kaspim 1 GINqd-ra-bi4 -im (inform the employee) wherethere is silver within reach, (even if it is)one shekel (only) CCT 2 45b:20 (OA); §e'umu kaspum ul qe-er-ba-am-ma if barley orsilver are not available to me Kraus AbB1 118:13; aMum TUG a taApuri TUG ulqe-ru-ma ul udbilakki as for the garmentabout which you wrote, there is no gar-ment available so I did not send you(one) CT 52 11:5 (both OB letters), cf. gar-ments la qe-er-bu Peiser Urkunden 140:13;Sa KU .ME§ u tahapli la qer-bu Aro Kleider-texte 20:19 (both MB); as Akkadogram inHitt.: UL-za QE-RU-UB KBo 24 117 i 4'; dimtuu aSubu ul ibai aMum ann qe-er-bunirril there is no siege tower or batteringram, since this one is available, we want(it) KBo 1 11 obv.(!) 33, see ZA 44 118; umd40 MA.NA hurd u qur-bu now forty minasof gold are available ABL 476:27; x gutuiru... ina muhhi ndri qur-bu 470 beamsare ready at the river ABL 490:2; x urdte... . pan arri... lu qur-ba x mares shouldbe available to the king Tell Halaf 1:6,also 3:8; egirtu .. . lu qur-bat ABL 623 r. 4,see Postgate Taxation 286; §E.PAD.ME§ Sa PNla qu-u[r]-ba-ti PN's food allowance is notavailable Iraq 18 51 No. 36:14 (all NA); kaspamala inapani belija qer-bi. . . kunuk placeunder seal whatever silver is available tomy lord PSBA 33 pi. 22 St 375:10 (NB let.);

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qerebu Ifuncert.: DI§ KA [la(?)] iq-ru-ba-Su ifwords do [not?] come easily to him (op-posite: uk-ku-pat-su) AfO 11 224:79 (SBphysiogn.).

f) to be pertinent: ina tuppi a zriubta'i anniu gt ina muhhi qur-bu I lookedin the tablet concerning snakes, this iswhat is pertinent to it CT 28 37 K.798 r. 5,cf. annuti MU.ME a ina muhhi qur-bu-u-ni CT 40 21 K.743:10; tuppdni 30 40 dam=qti ammar ina muhhi qur-bu-u-ni thirtyor forty good tablets which are pertinentABL 453 r. 14, cf. ABL 663:10, see Parpola LASNo. 182; ina muhhi anni minu qur-bu whatis pertinent to this? ABL 1118 r. 8, seeParpola LAS No. 148, cf. Thompson Rep. 76 r. 6(all NA); dullu a ana muhhi qer-bu arrulipug let the king perform the pertinentritual Thompson Rep. 82 r. 8 (NB); ummabibbu .. . la isniq ina muhhi la qur-bu ifa planet does not come near, (this omen)is not pertinent Thompson Rep. 232 r. 2 (NA);harrdndt ndkiri mdddtu a ana litdteja laqer(var. qe-er)-ba (see litu usage a-2')AKA 83 vi 50 (Tigl. I).

g) to be involved: akkima ina libbiabete annite qur-ba-ku if I am involved inthis matter ABL 211 r. 16; [um]ma abutuannitu udini admuni ina libbi qur-ba-ku-u-ni (the king may judge from this) whetherI have known or heard of this matter andhave been involved in it ibid. r. 7; andkuina libbi la qur-ba-ak I have nothing to dowith it ABL 174:17; erdbu ina libbi usminu qur-bu what has entering to do withgoing out? ABL 354 r. 6, see Parpola LASNo. 46 (all NA).

2. to come near, come close, to ap-proach, to come to, to arrive at - a) tocome near, to come close, to approach -1' in gen.: mddumma dullagu bakdi4iq-ra-a[b] (see bakr mng. Ib) RB 59242 str. 1:6 (OB lit.); larrum iq-ra-ab theking approached BiOr 30 362:46 (OB lit.);ana pani Ani 6arri ... ina q -re-bi-uas he (Adapa) came near king Anu EA

qerebu 2a356:47; 7 e-bir-ta.ME§ ana muhhia lai-qar-ri-ib (see ebertu B mng. 1) AfO 17288:108 (MA harem edicts); epqa maldtamiu ana muhhija la te-qe-er-ib (see epqu)RA 23 148 No. 28:22 (Nuzi); ana paSMiri §apan DN i-qar-rib he approaches the tablewhich stands before DN KAR 139:3, cf.ana muhhi gehdte i-qar-rib MVAG 41/3 8i 39, cf. also ibid. 14 iii 14 (all MA rit.), cf.qaqqar gehdti la qa-ra-bi Or. NS 21 130:13(NA rit.); hahhurtija ina muhhi kamuni late-qer-ru-ub (see kamunu B usage b-2')Lambert Love Lyrics 122 col. B 16; emtEte=kunu a-na-he-ig <<hi> lu la i-qa-ri-ba (seeahdmel mng. 4a) Wiseman Treaties 640;§umma Sahui iq-te-ru-ub qdt IStar ana pa[nqalmi] ahi la iq-ru-ub amelu it kigpui.batu[u] if the pig approaches (thefigurine, it means) "Hand-of-Ihtar," (if)the pig does not approach the figurine,sorcery has affected that man KAR 70:9f.,see Biggs aaziga 46; [if a snake?] iq-ru-ba-um-ma ilhi comes close to him and

strikes (at him) Dream-book 330:67, cf.[ umma .. .]-ma i-qer-ru-ub if [a godappears? in the dream] and approachesibid. 336 Fragm. V 8; [in]a tamhdri amelunar(?) -ka(?) -ba-ti la iq-ru-ba-d[S-S]uchariots did not come near any man inbattle ZA 43 18:65; Summa ,abitu anapan abulli iq-ri-ba-am-ma if a gazelle ap-proaches the city gate Izbu Comm. 560,also CT 40 43 r. 4f.; alka ndru qer-ba ndrucome, river, come near, river KAR 134 r. 8(NA rit.); harbit diri ina mm4iu la ta-qer-ru-ub (see miu usage a-3') BRM 412:60 (SB ext.); see also Maqlu VI 66, KAR252 iii 35, cited mng. 3c; note the personalname I-li-iq-ri-ba My-God-Drew-Near-to-Me VAS 7 22:19 and seal (OB).

2' said of celestial bodies: ana Siniq-i-ri-ib (Saturn) approached the moonThompson Rep. 176 r. 3, also ibid. 188 r. 3 (NA);1 Ktr§ ana muhhi Dilbat ul iq-ru-ub (Sa-turn) did not come closer than one cubitto Venus ibid. 67:6 (NB), cf. (if Jupiter)ana MUL Dilbat 1 vU.sI NU TE iq-rub

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qerebu 2bK.15241:7ff. and dupl. LBAT 1557:4ff.; ruiulad8u rehi ana qa-ra-bi there is less thanhalf a cubit left to close up (the distancebetween the planet and the moon) ABL565 r. 12, see Parpola LAS No. 14; enna ittiMUL.ZI.BA.AN.NA 2,30 ufu iq-te-ru-ubaW a ifehu BTR(text: PAP+TUM)- ana§arri belija aSappara by now, (Mars)has come within 2 (?) half-cubits of Libra,when it comes close to it, I will write itsinterpretation to the king, my lord ABL1113:8 (NB); udana ma libbi la i-qar-ribkima iq-(i-ri-ib la iahhi ipatti ittiq<<rib>(Venus) so far has not approached (An-tares), when it does approach, it will notcome close, it will pass by at somedistance Thompson Rep. 112 r. 5ff. (NA); anaSin i-qar-rub-ma (this means that Venus)approaches the moon ACh Supp. 36:19, also(with the sun and Jupiter) ibid. 20f., for ABL744 r. 11 see kardmu A usage b.

3' said of parts of the exta: naplastumana paddnim iq-ri-ib the "spy-hole" cameclose to the "path" YOS 10 7:23 (OB ext.report); umma naplastum ana paddnim[i]q-ri-ib RA 44 24:12, also YOS 10 24:8,iq-te-er-ba-am ibid. 11 ii 14; dumma napslastum ana U.BAR iq-te-ri-ib YOS 10 17:38(all OB ext.); §umma INIM.DtG.GA ana da:ndni iq-rib KAR 423 ii 23, Boissier Choix 99K.6244:4 (SB ext.).

b) to come to (a locality): iAtu GN at:tumu ana GN, aq-4i-rib I departed fromGN and came to GN2 Scheil Tn. II 69, also ibid.76, r. 3, and passim in this text, also AKA 293 i 113,305 ii 31, 306 ii 34, and passim in Asn.; anaaldni §a PN iq-ti-rib (the king) came toPN's cities WO 2 230:177, 228:161; ina 4anpaldja ana GN aq-(i-rib in my secondregnal year I came to GN ibid. 28:31; issuGN attumu4 ana GN2 aq-ti-rib WO 1 458:50,464:25, 470:51, and passim in Shalm. III; ultuGN attumuS ana nagi la RN aq-fi-rib Ideparted from GN and came to the realmof RN TCL 3 306 (Sar.), and passim in thistext; ana ON aq-rib-ma I came to GN (andkilled the rebels there) OIP 2 32 iii 8,

qerebu 2c70:25 (Senn.); ina ulei ri dti ina kdr Bdbiliiq-rib-ma rejoicing he came to the quayof Babylon Streck Asb. 266:15.

c) to arrive at - 1' in NA (rarely NB)letters: UD.18.KAM ina GN aq-ti-rib Iarrived in Assur on the 18th ABL 1360:6;ina GN aq-ti-rib Iraq 20 200 No. 48:4, ABL 123r. 11, also ina Aiur iq-tar-ba ABL 562:11;PN iq-ti-ri-ib ABL 685 r. 6; ina libbi KA.GAL.ME ni-iq-ti-[r]i-ib dizctu niduak wehave reached the city gates, we are de-feating (the enemy) Iraq 25 71 No. 65:8;pandssunu taq-tar-ba atamar EGIR-su-nuudini la ta-qa-ri-ba the first part of their(delivery) has arrived, I have seen (it),the rear has not yet arrived ABL 813 r. 11and 13; madaktuu udini la ta-qa-ri-ba (seemadaktu mng. Ib) ABL 197 r. 15; ki udiniunqi larri ina muhhija la ta-qar-ri-ba-niABL 486 r. 14; naptunu . . . iq-ti-ri-ib themeal arrived ABL 889 r. 5; ina GN iq-(a-ra-bu-u-ni (horses) arrived in GN ABL 192:8,also ABL 973:12, cf. adi i-qar-<ri>-bu-u-ni-ni ABL 192 r. 2; umu a i-qa-rib-i-ni-niKAV 112:8; uncert.: annurig andku aq-far-ba-ku-nu Iraq 21 163 No. 54:15 (all NA);ki emuqu . . . adi GN iq-ter-ba when thetroops reached GN (they did not stayovernight) ABL 460:13 (NB); [it] ti PN ana[GN] a-qar-ru-bu I will arrive in GN withPN YOS 3 46:12; akkd'i kz ta-qar-ru-bu assoon as (the barley) arrives ibid. 137:18,also ibid. 68:18 (all NB).

2' other occs.: awzium gpu ana Alimli-iq-ru-ba-am let the principal come tothe City CCT 3 25:20; harrdn liq-ru-ba-amlet my caravan arrive CCT 2 7:33 (bothOA); A..A-um epe4zu ana GN qe-re-bi anaPN ul (db PN does not like my cultivatinga field and coming to GN TLB 4 2:37 (OBlet.); ina bdbdt dli ina q-re-bi- u utarsridugu kalbi (see bdbu A mng. Id-l')Lambert BWL 216:23; illi ina Bdbili i-pa-ad(= ibdt) ina Esagil iq-te-ru-ub . .. iktatampan7du KAR 43:27, dupl. 63:25; ruqu anabzt ameli i-qer-ru-ba someone from faraway will arrive at the man's house

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qerebu 3aBiOr 11 89i, cf. amelu 62 rqu i-qer-rub-Suibid. 88g; dlik pan4unu ... imat mutesahpuma iq-ru-bu erulun their leadersreached them covered with the foam ofdeath TCL 3 175 (Sar.); ldm andkuina GN e-qE-er-ri-bu before I arrive inGN MRS 9 54 RS 17.334:6, cf. te-qe-er-ri-ba-ma u attunu taqabbdma HSS 15 1:39;i-qa-ru-ub ina eryeti (troops from theking) will arrive in the land EA 155:56(let. of Abi-milki of Tyre); ndmurtu §a RN ...[i] -qa-ri-ba-am-ma the gift from RNhaving arrived OIP 2 138:50, see von Soden,ZA 61 191.

3. to approach with a request, toapproach sexually, have sexual relationswith a woman, to attack, affect (said ofevil), to approach for other purposes, anaahdmel qerebu to conclude an alliance -a) to approach with a request, a peti-tion - 1' gods: almattu ina zi.<MAD>.GA

amrd ina UDU.NITA i-qar-ru-<bu>-ku-nu-i the widow approaches you withflour, the rich man with a sheep KAR 25ii 20; [.. .] ilutikunu rabiti ana qe-re-bi-im-ma BBR No. 100:48 (= Craig ABRT 1 62),cf. ina mahar DN u DN2 [. . .] ana qa-ra-bibzru ana bzri (in broken context) BBRNo. 101:7; ana sulla ana qe-frebl-x-x STT66:17.

2' officials: u qa-ar-bu ana Lf1.ME§MA§KIM // ma-lik.ME§ LUGAL they ap-proached the emissaries of the king EA131:21 (let. of Rib-Addi); ana muhhi PN mdrarri iq-tar-bu they approached PN, the

king's son (and declared) KAV 159:4 (MA);ina 101 PN hazannu LjO andi a GN iq-tar-bu they approached PN, the deputymayor(?) of Nineveh (with a lawsuit) ADD160:9, also ADD 163 edge 2, cf. ina IGI PNLr.SANGA ani iq-far-bu Assur 2 103 MAH16154:6; note dji a PN issi PN2 ina muhhix kaspi ina 101 dIM iq-tar-bu lawsuit of PNagainst PN2, they approached DN about xsilver Tell Halaf 107:4 (all NA); PN itti DUMU.ME§ GN ana d~ni iq-ri-bu PN and the

qerebu 3cpeople of GN came (before the Hittiteking) for a verdict MRS 9 106 RS 17.229:7.

b) to approach sexually, have sexualrelations with a woman: fumma eritumaratma Summa a ITI.3.KAM irtubunihSi/ iq-ru-bu-nil-Si if a pregnant woman issick and if one continues with her, variant:has relations with her during (her) thirdmonth Labat TDP 212:1, cf. (if a woman ispregnant and) 4a 5 ITI 3 imi iq-ri-bu-ni,-ti ibid. 210:106; sinniltu a ekallim ala qa-ra-ab-§a-ni a woman of the palace(harem) who is under sexual taboo (mustnot enter into the presence of the kingat the time of sacrifices) AfO 17 276:47(MA); e tdhuz ... kulmaAitu a qe-reb-4dma'da do not marry a kulmaSitu womanwho is approached often (by men) LambertBWL 102:74; ana sinniAti la i-qer-ri-ib inabiti parsi ... lindl he must not approacha woman, he should sleep in a secludedhouse ABL 1405 r. 7 (hemer.), cf. [ana SAL]la i-qar-rib Weidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 42VAT 7816 r. 20; uncert.: ana sinniAtim qi-ru-ub AfO 18 64:25 (OB physiogn.).

c) to attack, affect (said of evil): ki-maqaqqad kukri ana ahdmeS la i-qar-ri-bukipiSa ... la i-qar-ri-bu-ni jdOi just asthe heads of (this) kukru plant will notapproach each other, let her sorceries notapproach me Maqlu VI 68, see AfO 21 77,cf. ki nakkap Sepe ana asidi la i-qar-ri-bulumun futti ... la i-qar-ri-ba jdSi (seeasidu mng. 1) KAR 252 iii 36; kiSpzki. . . la i-qar-ri-bu-u-nijdli your sorceriesare not to affect me Maqlu III 157;Sipatki aj iq-ri-ba let your incanta-tion not affect me Maqlu V 9, and passimin similar phrases in Maqlu; la itehhd la i-qe-er-ri-ba la isanniqa jdli (the portendedevil) shall not draw near, approach, (or)reach me Or. NS 39 125:21, also, wr. lai-qar-ru-bu ibid. 135:24, NU i-qar-ri-ba CT23 17 i 34, aj ithd aj iq-ri-ba aj isniqaOr. NS 36 25 r. 10, 28 r. 12, LKU 34:9, also,wr. KU.NU-ba KAR 267 r. 17, LKA 112:28,

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qerebu 3d114 r. 6, 123 obv.(!) 2, wr. KU.NU KAR 64r. 11, and passim in namburbi rits.; upd §g...aj iq-ru-bu-ni let evil schemes not affectme BMS 7:57; lumnu S6 ... aj KU.NUlet this evil not affect me PBS 1/1 12:22,and passim in similar phrases in prayers, see MulloWeir Lexicon 165, cf. [lumunpar] zu kidud[.. . ana] la fteh la qe-re-bi RA 18 28:10,see Or. NS 39 125:21 var., wr. NU KU.NU-b[i] 4R 60:12; uncert.: [. .. ] ana muhhila i-qar-ru-ub Kocher BAM 240:15.

d) to approach for other purposes: anahidriS iq-ra-ab (Sin) drew near to marryher (Ningal) CT 15 5 ii 8, cf. (in broken context)VAS 10 214 iii 19 (both OB lit.); ahhuunuana panini ul i-qar-rub-u-ni theirbrothers will not approach us (to submitto us) ABL 258:13 (NB); uncert.: Summanaplastum ana paddnim iq-te-er-ba-am tu-ru-ku-tum ana 6arrim i-qe-er-ri-bu-nim-ma awiTSu ekallam ibdl if the "spy-hole"comes close to the "path," the Turukkfpeople (?) will approach the king and its (?)chief(?) will take over the palace YOs 1011 ii 14 and 16 (OB ext.).

e) ana ahdme qerebu to conclude analliance: kz ana ahdmeS qe-re-bi-ni anaahuzati tahpura (see ahizatu mng. 2a)EA 4:16 (MB royal), also ibid. 18; (the enemies)adi PN ar Bdbili ana ahdmeS iq-ru-bu-mapuhurunu innendu concluded an alliancewith PN, the king of Babylon, and joinedforces (delete this ref. sub kardbu mng. 2c)OIP 2 43 v 55 (Senn.), also, wr. iq-ri-bu-maibid. 88:46.

4. to go up as offering: mi Samnui-qar-ri-bu water and oil are offeredZA 45 44:45; takbru i-qa-rib a fattenedsheep is offered van Driel Cult of AAsur 88vi 27, cf. ibid. viii 19 (both NA rituals); naptanrabi a eri ana Ani Antu u ildni kalamai-qar-rub the main meal of the morning isoffered to Anu, Antu, and all the godsRAcc. 93:20, of. naptan rab2 Sa Seri i-qar-ru-ub ibid. 92:12; rabi ippatarma tardennui-qar-ru-ub the main (meal) is removed

qerebu 5aand the second one is offered RAcc. 121:30,and passim in this text, also LKU 51:6, 25, r. 9;Hr immeri ana Sakkan ul i-qar-ru-ub . . .6ir alpi ana Ningublaga ul i-qar-ru-ub S}ri uri ana Belet-oeri ul i-qar-rub fir alpi uifr igiuri ana Erelkigal ul i-qar-rubmutton is not offered to DN, beef is notoffered to DN2, fowl is not offered toDN3 , beef and fowl are not offered to DN4RAcc. 79 r. 40; lurindu . . kiim be'vfu laiq-ru-bu (see kim conj.) YOS 6 222:13,also ibid. 6; tuhhupa/uiri §aMaddnu i-qar-ru-ub-Su-nu-tu bran from DN's table isoffered to them (the seven figurines) RAcc.133:211; (offerings) ana Urukajiti i-qar-ru-bu go to DN BIN 1 170:20, also TCL 13233:5, AnOr 9 20:56, 21 r. 6, 22:7, 25:14, 29 r. 2,UCP 9 110 No. 56:9 and 12; PN akalu ikariu iri a ana papdhdnu i-qar-ru-ub ittaliPN took the food, beer, and meat whichis to be offered to the cellas of the godsTCL 9 87:21, cf. §a UD.X.KAM ... anaNinurta u bit hil4u i(text i)-qar-rub PNu PN2 ittaS4 PN and PN2 took (the barleyand beer) which are to be offered on thexth day to DN and the hilku house GCCI 1190:4; kardnu a akanna i-qar-ru-bu jdnuthere is no wine that could be offeredhere TCL 9 133:12; uttatu mali iq-ru-bubarley which was offered CT 22 12:16 (allNB).

5. to claim--a) in Bogh., RS, EA:mimmu2unu la ta-kar-ri-ib you must notlay claim to their (the king's subjects')property KBo 1 14:16 (MA let. of HattugiliIII); atta RN [u GN] ina dl nakri la ta-kar-r[i-ba .. .] KUB 3 21:10, see BoSt 9 140;ndgiru ana bitifu la [i-q]ar-ru-ub (seendgiru mng. lb-2') MRS 6 108 RS 16.238:15;(the people of GN and the merchants) anaE.HI.A ana A.§A.ME ~ a ar Ugarit la i-qa-ru-bu-nim may not lay claim to the housesand fields of the king of Ugarit MRS 9105 RS 17.130:34; (sons from another mar-riage) [an] a bitdti eqldti ana gabbi [mimmiSa] fPN la summuhu la i-qar-ru-bu haveno part in and may not claim the house,

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qerebu 5bfield, or any property of fPN Ugaritica 52:11, also 3:5, 16; mannumma ana muhhiula i-qar-ru-ub nobody may claim him(the manumitted slave) ibid. 10 r. 13, cf.(referring to a house) mamma ana muh:hilu la i-qar-rib MRS 6 86 RS 16.250:19;urra Sera PN la i-qar-ri-ib ana [PN2] Syria18 254:25; [Lt-lum] eli Ltj-lum la i-qar-ri-ib [ad]i dariti forever, one may not enterclaims against the other MRS 9 105 RS17.137 r. 2; L(f.DAM.GAR-ia GIM.MA-ia LJpaqdrika ul ia-qd-ar-ri-ib itti4unu he whoenters claims for you must not enterclaims against my merchants and myships EA 39:19, also, wr. i-ge-ri-ib EA40:26 (both letters from Alagia).

b) in Nuzi: ina mdnahdti rehti §a PNPN2 la i-qe-er-ri-ib PN2 will not lay claimto PN's remaining property JEN 8:16;madr PN rhiitu ina E.HI.A GAL itti PN2 ulizuzzu ul i-qe-ri-bu the remaining sonsof PN will not have a claim on dividingthe main buildings with PN2 (their brother)HSS 5 71:14, also HSS 19 7:39; ina mimma§a PN la i-qe-er-ru-ub HSS 19 41:27; anamuhhi quhdr ... . la i-qe-er-ri-ib-ni hemay not claim the servants ibid. 83:28;ana eqleti anndti PN u PN2 la i(text u) -qe-[ri]-bu JEN 221:17; madr rehutu fa PN inaeqleti bitdti fa PN2 la i-qar-ri-ib-4u theremaining sons of PN will not enter a claimon PN2's fields and houses HSS 5 67:54,and passim in Nuzi.

c) in MA: ana terhete §a ubluni la i-qar-rib he will have no claim on the terhatuwhich he brought KAV 1 v 24 (Ass. Code § 38);ana Sa bit abia la i-qa-ar-ri-ib (the hus-band) will have no claim on the propertyof her (his wife's) father's house ibid. iii108 (§ 27); ana §a akdli la i-qar-ri-ib he maynot claim the food (that he gave as apresent) ibid. iv 39 (§ 30); mussa ina alckila i-qar-ri-ba-le her husband has no rightto her (the wife) when he comes backibid. iv 101 (§ 36); ana mare Sa ana mutilaurkt uldutuni la i-qar-rib (the formerhusband) has no claim to children whom

qerebu 6she (the wife) has borne to her later hus-band ibid. vi 77 (§ 45); ana mutia mdrSamdrdteSa la i-qar-ri-i-bu no one has anyclaim against her (the woman to bepunished's) husband, her sons, (or) herdaughters ibid. i 22 (§ 2); ana aSitiu lai-qar-ri-i-bu they have no claim againsthis (the man to be punished's) wife ibid.viii 45 (§ 55); note without object: mdrremea la i-qar-ri-bu her father-in-law'ssons have no claim ibid. iv 17 (§ 20); maruPN... la i-qa-ri-bu KAJ 8:10; ana idrigirri zaruqqi la i-qa-ri-ib (see zuruqquusage b) KAJ 151:5, 152:3, 153:3, wr. i-qar-rib ibid. 154:4.

d) in NA, NB: egirtu a tuppi sarrateina muhhi u ilattar i-qa-ri-ba ide4u inamuhhi bitiSu ilakkan (after someone dies)he writes a forged document (recordinga debt) against him, he makes a claim,and (thereby) lays hands on his (the deadperson's) house KAV 197:29, see PostgateTaxation 364; ana muhhi 6ipdti a iMpari lata-qar-ru-ub make no claim on the woolbelonging to the weaver BIN 1 26:17;eqleti Sa Belti Sa Uruk ul a-qar-ru-ub I willnot claim DN's fields YOS 3 132:16; su=luppu. . . mamma ana muhhi la i-qer-ru-bunobody may claim the dates ibid. 9:46, cf.YOS 6 145:14; mamma ana muhhi ul iq-ru-ub nobody touched (the fine oil) TCL13 124:6.

6. to start work: a ibe ki assuha anamihri bataqi eq-te-ri-ib when I had trans-ferred the workmen I started to cutthrough the dike BE 17 12:16; adi IrD.30.KAM1 ana kdl Sa GN e-qe-er-ri-ib bythe 30th I will start working on the GNdike PBS 1/2 63:7; UD.2.KAM ana 6abdAie-qe-ri-ib BE 17 26:16; igdra . . . e-qe-ri-im-ma atabbak (see natbdku mng. 2)ibid. 23:10; la te-[qe]r-ri-ib do not startwork ibid. 27:40; adi nam[gar .. .] uli-q-ri-rib1 PBS 1/2 85:9; Sa i-qer-ri-burittui... unakkas ibid. 47:19 (all MB letters);PN u 2 mdri~u i-q-ri-bu-u-ma itti epinni[an]a PN2 ittallaku PN and his two sons

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qerebu 7

will start work and will go to PN2 with aplow TCL 9 48:9 (MB leg.); [MU.. .] E.Dt.A. . . [an]a epiei iq-ri-bu year when [theking] started work on the tomb(?) DAFI6 108 No. 9 edge (MB Elam); UD.6.KAM inamuhhi elippi epdae iq-tar-bu on the sixththey started building the boat ABL 483:15;ina muhhi u58e hard$i ni-iq-ti-rib westarted to dig up the foundation (of thecollapsed wall) ABL 329:8; memeni inamuhhi la iq-ri-ib nobody has begun it(referring to building a temple) ABL 476r. 16, also ABL 117:2, see Parpola LAS No. 224(all NA).

7. qitrubu to approach each other(reciprocal): 5aimi4 itlupu qit-ru-butdaaziJ they are locked in combat, joinedin battle En. el. IV 94.

8. qitrubu to approach: qit-ru-u[b] anaEanna 6ubat IStar approach Eanna, thedwelling of Itar Gilg. I i 14, cf. qit-ru-ub(in broken context) Gilg. IX v 43, KAR 170: 10(Etana); they fled to the capital whichwas situated on the river bank ana qit-ru-ub ummdndtija la tdbu disadvanta-geously for the approach of my troops 1R31 iv 25 (gami-Adad V); I conquered that cityina. .. qit-ru-ub Sup& (for parallel qurrubsee mng. 10a-4') OIP 2 33 iii 22 (Senn.);attali qit-ru-ub (var. qur-ru-ub) an eclipseis close AfO 17 85:9, cf. sapdha qit-ru-ubibid. 12; gumma nipqu u qit-ru-bu (seenipqi) Labat TDP 84:34; obscure: §ummanapiltau itarrakma qit-ru-bat [.. .] ibid.31.

9. I/3 to approach repeatedly: 6ummaSah api ida dli iq-te-ne-ru-ba if a marshboar repeatedly approaches the edge of acity Leichty Izbu XXII 19; kdpdni §a ndri[q]i-tar-ru-ba-ni come near me, cliffs ofthe river bank KAR 134 r. 9 (rit.), see TuLp. 99.

10. qurrubu to bring near, bring, topresent, deliver (gifts, tribute), to presentofferings, prayers, to serve meals (to thegods, rarely the king or governor), to lead,

qerebu lOaescort, let approach, to produce someone(in leg.), to take (pieces of information)as a whole - a) to bring near, bring - 1'in OA: kaspam 10 MA.NA lu-qd-ri-ba-kumI will have ten minas of silver broughtto you KT Hahn 17:23, cf. 10 MA.NA kaspamana PN lu-qd-ri-ib ibid. 15; a[mmala] . ..uimea m[dd]utim uq-ta-ri-ba-ni RA 51 7:9;Kt.BABBAR 1 fGN . .. jdti §a q-ru-bi4-im[u] -qd-ru-bu-nim they will deliver to meevery shekel of silver that can be de-livered BIN 4 32:25f., cf. aSar K1J.BABBAR1 GfN qd-ru-bi4 -im CCT 2 45:20; 6ummalibbika md ana ir-ti-ka qd-ru-bi tdtau ifyou wish - and you said to bring me closeto you(?) (lit. your chest?) VAT 9301:29.

2' in OB: hilihtam mala tu(!)-qe-er-ri-bu appalka I will repay you for what-ever necessities you brought YOS 2 119:17;10 diqil kaspam anniam lu-qe-ri-ib-Su-nu-Ai-im-ma I will bring them these tenshekels of silver TLB 4 88:10; ana lisbittim qu-ur-ru-bi-im qdtam akun ARM 1424 r. 9'; he'um ... ana mahriki qu-ru-ubCT 52 60:10.

3' in MB, Bogh.: ana Auri nakdsiuq-te-er-ri-ib I brought (axes) to cut thereeds BE 17 23:13; PN ana A DINGIR- u(?)lu-qe-rib-6u-ma lirubma qdti amiluti ...ligbat Petschow MB Rechtsurkunden 13:12; kiu-qd-ri-bu (in broken context) BE 173:25; lu mdr iprika lzm narkabdti -qa-ar-ri-ba-al-Sum-ma ina GN ukagidaushould I have sent out a thousand chariotsto meet your messenger in GN? KBo 110:42 (letter of Hattugili III).

4' in SB: gimdeti li-qer-ri-bu let thembring bandages AMT 9,1 ii 28; MUN AL.OS.SA A.GE§TIN.NA la tu-qar-rab AMT 78,1iii 17 + 28,7:14; ana ah tu-q[ar-rab] youoffer (the figurines) to a pig KAR 70:8,see Biggs Baziga 46; dptu ana duri uq-tar-rib (see edptu) Wiseman Chron. p. 58:36;ina qur-ru-ub Sup8 nimgalli duri u kal:banndte (see alibu) OIP 2 62 iv 79 (Senn.),also ibid. 63 v 10; 6inndau ana mdkdl& la

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qerebu lOau-qar-ra-ba-ma (if) he does not (want to?)set his teeth to food BRM 4 32:4 (med.comm.); note in transferred mng.: amatlemutti mannu u-qar-rib who has broughtan evil word close? Maqlu V 14; imhur-egrd §a la u-qar-ra-bu ruhb ana zu-ru -imhur-erd plant, which does not allowwitchcraft to approach the body RA 18165:22 (Lamagtu); §ammi u napaltu . . . aju-qar-ri-bu-ni uzzu nuggat iii may theplants and the ointment allow no divinewrath to approach me BMS 12:77, seeEbeling Handerhebung 80; tu-qar-ra-ba (inbroken context) Lambert BWL 180:12 (fable).

5' in NA: Jumma hadidta ana issetqdti butndnu tu-qar-rab (see bu(ndnuusage a) AMT 41,1 iv 40; UD.17.KAMaladlammi muhhi ndri uq-ta-ri-ib on the17th I brought the bull colossi to the riverABL 579 r. 6; elippdti anndte 2 issu lib=bilina z(copy ni)-qar-rab from amongthese boats he will bring two ABL 985:7;memini libndti[Su] la u-qa-ra-ba PostgatePalace Archive 205:20; arhi .. . lu-qar-ri-biI will bring (stones) promptly Iraq 23 pl. 19ND 2606:5, cf. qar-ri-ba ibid. pl. 22 ND2651:6; guure uq-ta-ri-bi ABL 581:7; GIgme-li-ia-a-ni u-qar-ra-ab I will bringwooden ladders ABL 1094:8; kima dullugamir. . . inapanilunu lu-qar-ri-bu whenthe work is finished let them bring (it)before you ABL 185:10, see Postgate Taxation261.

6' in NB: agrutu a agurru u-qar-ra-bu-nu the hired workmen who bringthe baked bricks GCCI 1 306:2, cf. SIG4.HI.A d LtY.HUN.GA.ME i u-qar-ru-bu-nu82-7-14,165:2; silver for qur-ru-ub-bu §a4000 agurru ultu GN bringing fourthousand baked bricks from GN BIN 1126:3, cf. ultu GN u-qar-rub(u) -nim-maibid. 7; silver ana q[u]-ru-bu §a gu~ure82-7-14,1510:3, also AnOr 8 20:7; tumb . . .iheppi u ana muhhi kdda i-qar-ra-bu theywill hew beams and bring them to theoutpost 82-7-14,803:6; elippdtu a uhfataana GN i-qar-ru-bu-ni boats which bring

qerebu lObbarley to GN Nbn. 862:3; x uttatu ana qu-ur-ru-bu Moldenke 2 48 r. 12; emmer wheatia ... u-qar-ri-bu-u-nu TCL 13 232:5; PN,PN2, and PN3 §a uttata u sulupp a Belti§a Uruk ultu eri ana Eanna -qar-ra-bu-u-ni who bring barley and dates be-longing to the Lady of Uruk from thecountryside to Eanna YOS 6 167:5 and 18,cf. §a sulupp . .. ana Eanna u-qar-rab-bu-u-nu TCL 13 157:6; neeep a himeti au-qer-ri-ba-di a nesepu container ofclarified butter which I brought to himCT 22 63:13; ki ... nine biu ina manszaltiunu uq-tar-ri-bi if they bring badquality fish during their time of serviceYOS 7 90:15; kussua ki i-qar-ri-bu whenthey brought my chair ABL 755:20+1393:11.

b) to present, deliver (gifts, tribute):andku ul akrubakkamma a qur-ru-bi-iauq-tar-ri-bak-kam-ma did I not greet(?)you and bring you what I had to offer?AfO 10 2: 1 (MB let.), see Landsberger, ibid. p. 142;oxen and sheep ndmurtu a PN ana RNu-qar-ri-bu-ni an audience gift which PNpresented to RN KAJ 282:6, also KAJ 264:3,278:6, 280:9, also AfO 10 34 No. 52:5, 53:4,Donbaz Ninurta-Tukulti-ASAur pl. 16 A 2622:5, andpassim in this archive from the time of Ninurta-tukulti-Agiur (MA), also Iraq 32 pl. 33:19, ADD 930iii 18 (NA); Iulmandte [ana] 6arri uq-ta-na-ru-bu (the officials) all bring presentsto the king MVAG 41/3 14 iii 5 (MA rit.);Sa ana Sarri qar-ru-bu-u-ni (textiles)which were presented to the king KAV108:13 (MA let.), cf. (a chariot) §a ... anaSarri qar-ru-bat-ni KAJ 223:4; ndmurtu aRN u-qar-ri-ba-an-ni the present whichRN brought me RA 54 155:5 (inscr. on a smallstone cylinder); annirig GUD.MEA UDU.MEAqur-ru-bu now oxen and sheep have beendelivered ABL 241 r. 10 (NA); GUD.ME . . .ana Takin mdti lu-qar-rib I will deliverthe oxen to the governor YOS 3 179:14(NB let.); note without object: Sa mdtdtudanndti ana Sarri belija ana qar-ru-bi thatmighty states may deliver (tribute) to theking, my lord ABL 9 r. 2.

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qerebu lOcc) to present offerings, prayers, to

serve meals to the gods, rarely to theking or governor: dliam mihrum qu-[r]u-[ub] (see dliam) ARM 3 41:12; mi anaSama 4-qar-rab he offers water toDN BBR No. 60:24, cf. utahhdkunuii i-qar-rab-ku-nu-i BBR No. 101:1, u-tah-ha-kau-qar-ra-bak-ka K.8139:11 (tamztu, courtesyW. G. Lambert); me qdte a u-qar-rab-u-nithe water for washing the hands whichhe presents ZA 51 138:52 (NA rit.), also ZA 52226:11, cf. (x wine) UD.8.KAM §a MN a mqar-ru-bi KAV 79 r. 5; ms pi uq-tar-ri-ibI offered a mouth-washing ritual ABL 970r. 7; ana ameli Nabz u Talmetu suppe usull&u ana qur-ru-bi Kocher BAM 321:27,dupl. ibid. 322:17, STT 230 obv.(!) 37, cf. KocherBAM 322:45; 6ume tu-qar-rab you offerroast meat BBR No. 60:17; me amne tu-qa-rab ibid. 66 r. 19, and passim in these texts;me Samne NINDA humbi.utu -qar-ru-bu(see *hubbiu) ZA 45 44:17 (NA rit.); napstunu ... ina IGI ASur uq-ta-ar-ri-bu Ipresented a meal to DN ABL 1384 r. 13 (NA);for other refs. see naptanu mng. la-9',Ib, Ic; idddti ana pan ilani qar-ri-baABL 945 r. 4 (NA); simeni qar-ru-bi a niqthe time to offer the sacrifices van DrielCult of AgAur 102 x 42; [. . .] Sarru ana ASuruq-tar-rib ibid. 124 i 18, and passim in this text;ina pan parakki ginu lu-qar-rib let himoffer the regular offerings before the daisABL 437 r. 16 (NA); suluppi u lurindu ultuEanna ana Belti a Uruk i-qar-ri-bu theyoffered the dates and pomegranates fromEanna to the Lady of Uruk YOS 6 222:10;suluppi~ -qar-ra-ab ibid. 170:18; put qu-ru-bu naptanu ... nali he is responsiblefor serving the meal VAS 6 182:10, also TuM2-3 208:4; eburu Sa MU.31.KAM akk qur-ru-bu naptanu a DN... ittadin he gavethe crop from the 31st year in lieu ofoffering the meal to DN VAS 5 104:11;note served to the king: naptunu qar-ru-ub the meal is served MVAG 41/3 66iii 49, cf. kma naptunu ma'da qar-ru-ubibid. 64 iii 43 (MA rit.); rehet naptanu ...ana garri t-qa-ra-bu they offer the left-

qerebu 10dovers from the meal (of the gods) to theking LKA 68:10; UZU ginU a ana LOpdhat Bdbili qur-ru-ub CT 49 156:12 (LB).

d) to lead, to escort, to let approach:NU.SAR.MEA ana mahar belija li-qe-ri-bu-nim-ma let them bring the gardenersbefore my lord CT 4 19a:27 (OB let.); Lt.ME ana GN li-qe-ri-bu-6u LU.ME taklu=turn ana GN u-qa-ar-ri-bu-§u(?) (my lordsaid) "Some men should escort him toGN," reliable men have escorted him toGN ARM 10 5:29 and 31; PN gudti ana mah:rika [1]i-qe-er-ri-bu-nim let them leadthat PN before you TCL 18 102:32, cf. PN anamahrika li-qe-er-ri-bu-nim CT 52 86:34;sirdSe §a GN qd-ri-ib-§u-nu-ti-i-ma ...nam[h]arta §umhirdunuti bring the brew-ers from GN here and see that theyreceive what they are entitled to receiveBE 17 83:9 (MB let.); a ... nard annd landtila sakla sakka samd i-qar-ra-bu-mauzaMiima whoever leads a blind or stupidor deaf or simple man to this boundarystone and has him remove it BE 1 149 ii 10(NB kudurru); PN NIM.MA.KI munnabittu inaGN ana 6arri u-qar-ri-bu-'u-ma they ledthe Elamite PN, a runaway, before theking in Babylon Iraq 11 143 No. 2:3 (MB);Lt.MEA a ana muhhi kiri tu-qar-ra-buthe men whom you allow to come nearthe kiln (must be ritually clean) OppenheimGlass 32 A 8, cf. a dlka ... ki amelu ...RN i-qar-ra-ba-§um-ma ina [paniu ulaz:zizu ] Knudtzon Gebete 114 r. 9; [ina] abu:sdtija igbatannima ana mahribu i-qar-[ri-ba]-ni (see abusatu) ZA 43 17:53 (SB lit.);ana pani Anunnaki tu-qar-rab-Su-mayou lead him before the Anunnaku godsLKA 90 r. 11; memeni adi pan Sarri la i-qar-rab-an-ni nobody lets me into thepresence of the king ABL 916:15 (NA); ana-illi u ulili qar-ri-ib bring (your sons)under your protection ABL 595 r. 1, seeDeller, AOAT 1 57; itti emiqu qur-ri-ba-6uhave him join forces with the troops ABL542 r. 12 (NB); rERIN.ME1 . . . ana ahdmequr-rib AnSt 7 130:29 (let. of Gilg.); mu-

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qerebu lOeqar-ri-ib ri-q[a(?)] (DN) who brings nearthe one who is far STT 71:9, see RA 53 134;[.. .] u-qd-ra-bu Gilg. Y. vi 245.

e) to produce someone (in leg.): PNu PN2 ... ana mahar dajdn u-qe-er-ri-bu-ni-ii-§u-nu-ti they produced PN and PN2before the judges Meissner BAP 42:12; Sz'bmude aw&tifu[nu] li-qe-er-ri-fbul-ni-ik-ku[m] let them produce witnesses whoknow about their case PBS 1/2 9:30; PNli-qe-er-ri-bu-ni-ik-ku-ma §aptiu §ememalet them bring PN before you, hear hisstatement VAS 7 202:27, cf. PBS 7 90:31 (allOB); the king of Ugarit ina dindti ...u-qar-ri-ib-Su brought him to trial MRS9 138 RS 18.06+ r. 19; ina pan sukkalli uq-tar-ri-ib-iu he (the owner) brought him(the thief) before the sukkallu ADD 161:4(NA); ana panija ... ki? -qa-rib-dJ-~when you brought him before me YOS 359:13 (NB let.).

f) to take (pieces of information) as awhole: issahei nu-qar-rab dunqu S wetake (the aforementioned signs) together,it is favorable ABL 1383 r. 16, see ParpolaLAS No. 70.

11. awatam qarrubu to address, tospeak to someone (OA only): ana abiniawatam i4tt qd-ri-ib put in a word to ourprincipal TCL 20 107:50, cf. TCL 19 52:24,BIN 4 39:26, KT Hahn 5:12, Hecker Giessen 32:8,cf. ana ahh awatam qd-ri-ib-ma CCT 67b: 16; ana awilz awatam kuzzubtam ijtetqd-ri-ib say a nice word to the gentlemenOr. NS 36 410 Kiltepe b/k 95:15.

12. qurrubu (in the stative) to be near,close, imminent, available: ummdndtuka. . . ana pani abullim qu-ur-ru-ba-a-mayour troops are close to the city gateBagh. Mitt. 2 58 iii 17; kunuk PN ula qi-ur-ru-ub-ma ina kunuk PN2 barim PN's sealwas not available, so (the document) wassealed with PN2's seal YOS 8 71:13, cf.PBS 7 94:9; kima tzdi elulu qi-ur-ru-buas you know, the elilu festival is at handPBS 7 120:2, cf. CT 29 20:9; dbum wudi

qerebu 15qu-ru-ub Laessee Shemshara Tablets 81 SH812:70; Sakdn awile abi qsbi qu-ur-ru-ub(see abi qdbi usage a) VAS 7 195:12; aldkiqu-ru-ub CT 52 64:9; §iprum qu-ur-ru-ubTIM 2 96:17 (all OB); haldqlu qur-ru-ub its(Babylon's) destruction is imminent AfO17 85:12 (eclipse omens); bissa ana bitija qi-ru-ub her household is near and dear tomy household TLB 4 18:17 (OB); PN...ana ahhuti ana PN2 ul qu-ur-ru-ub PN wasnot in a brotherhood relation to PN2 BBSt.No. 3 iv 26 (MB).

13. qurrubu to approach: kima anaGN u-qe-ri-ba-am when I approached GNARM 4 26:29; belz idbam taqrbatam §a adiGN u-qa-ar-ra-bu itarradam belz litrudam=ma my lord should send me escort troopswho will .... (mistake for illakam or thelike?) until I arrive in Emar ARM 2 134:15;[§ummapi] ru ... ana nammaSa dli d-qar-ri-ba if an elephant approaches the out-skirts of a city CT 40 41 79-7-8,128:11, dupl.ibid. 42 K.2259+ :9, cf. (a bird) ana panameli i-qar-rib-ma CT 41 1 K.6791:3 (allSB Alu); 6umma sippi imitti bdb ekalli anaubdni u-qar-rim-ma Hunger Uruk 80:76, alsoibid. 75, dupls. Boissier DA 219 r. 17f. and KAR442:13 f. (SB ext.); ina MN i-qar-rib-ma afarSamautappd izziz (Jupiter) approachedin MN and became visible in the pres-ence (?) of the Sun and remained (in thesky) Borger Esarh. 17 ii 36, also Thompson Rep.185:3, 196:1, ACh Itar 17:10, cf. (Mars) ina§umel Dilbat -qer-rim-ma DU K.1522+: 13'.

14. II/3 to bring repeatedly (?): liq-tar-ri-bu-Ai-nu-ti lisniqulu[niti] maythey (the magic knots?) bring them (thesorcerers) again and again, may theykeep them in check LKA 159:17 (inc.); uq-ta-na-ar-ra-ba (in broken context) StreckAsb. 174 No. 3:5; see also mng. 10b.

15. III to submit a petition: ana Sinabi dlidika 6u-uq-ri-ba damiqt ask Sin,your father, for favor for me (addressingAnnunitu) VAB 4 228 iii 42 (Nbn.); difficult:kima belz atta tuballitanni Subilamma kila

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qeretu

kima ittika kal2 lu-a-aq-ri-ba-ak-kumjust as you, my lord, have kept me alive(in the past), send me (food) or hold (it)back, even if it is held back by(?) you,I will submit a petition to you (possiblyto kardbu) CT 2 19:13 (OB let.).

16. III to fasten: idu5 sapdra u5-taq-ri-ba qiti abilu Anim he (Marduk)fastened at his side the net, a presentfrom his father Anu En. el. IV 44.

17. III/2 to approach closely: um[bubbu]lu ana harrdn gamaS .u-taq-rim(var. -rib)-ma on the day of disap-pearance, approach closely the path ofthe sun (addressing the moon) En. el. V 21,also (in broken context) ibid. 24; kumma Adadrigimu iddima birqu ul-taq-rib if itthunders and lightning follows immedi-ately ACh Adad 19:48.

18. III/3 to petition repeatedly (iter-ative to mng. 15): iii awilim §u-te-eq-ru-ba-am irri4 the man's personal goddemands repeated petitions YOS 10 52 iii 3(OB ext.); ana ilimma suppe Su-taq-rib Lam-bert BWL 108:11.

19. IV to raise a claim: if there isa creditor ina muhhiaa la iq-qa-rib mannua ina muhhila iq-qa-ri-bu-u-ni -arru mdr

6arri be dni u he must not raise a claimagainst her (the debtor's wife), whoeverraises a claim against her will be suedby the king and the king's son Iraq 16 56ND 2316:10 and 12 (NA); ana mimmiEaunu laiq-qd-ar-ri-ib KBo 1 14:18; both occs. maybe irregular writings for iqarrib, seemng. 5.

In TIM 4 50:16 read i-ga-la-bu-u-nu-ti.Ad mng. If and Ig: G. Meier, Or. NS 8 303ff.

qeretu see qeritu.

qeritu (qertu, qerretu, qaritu, qartu) s.;banquet, festival; OA(?), OB, SB, NA;pl. qeridtu, qa-ri-ia-ti ADD 680:8; wr.syll. and KAS.DA.A; cf. qerf.

qerituka.d6.a = qe-re-e-tum Hh. I 35; kal.de.a

= qi-ri-tum Proto-Kagal Bil. Section E 5; [x-x]-x-gaKL KAA.Dt = qi-ri-t[um] Diri V 200, cf. KI.KAi.D" = q --ri-tum Proto-Diri 322; KI.KA§.Dt= qi-ri-tu Erimhus IV 143; [udu.KI.KA.DT]= [MIN (= im-me-n) qd-re]-e-tum Hh. XIII 115.

i-Ziinezen siskur(AMARX E.AMARX E) ul.di.a.ta nf.tur.tur.ra kir4.du mu.pad.da.bi.da. a : ina isinnu niqi qe-re-e-tum utnin labdn appiu zakdr sumu at festivals, offerings, q.-s, prayer,prostration, and invoking the name (of the god)RA 12 74:27f.; [mu.l]u.me.en Aud,(KAxu).demu.un.na.re7 .en.na ul.le.es : [...] nnu inaikribi i nillik ina qe-re-e-ti [... ] ninu ina ikribi inillik ((ina su uli ina ri4Stu let us go withprayer in (or: with) q., (alternate translation:) letus go with prayer joyfully, (variant:?) amid re-joicing SBH p. 14 No. 6 r. 19ff., cf. me.en.d66.a.9e a.ra.zu.a mu.un.na.re 7 .en [ul.le.eg]: ninu ana biti ina tesliti nillik ina q[e]-re-e-t[i](see ikribu lex. section) SBH p. 124 No. 73:6f.,dupl. (Sum. only) Bab. 3 pl. 16:6f.; [...] x ul.la.ta [na. . .. r]e.en [.. .] : ana q[e-r]e-etaltamme la tahdma lummanna la tenne'il do nothasten to a banquet in the tavern lest you betied up with a lead-rope Lambert BWL 256K.9050+ :9.

a) in gen.: inima ilu ikunu qe-e-re-e-ta when the gods prepared a festivemeal EA 357: 1 (Nergal and Ereikigal); for (thecitizens of) Babylon and Borsippa qe-re-ti i kun he prepared a festive mealWO 4 32 vi 4 (Shalm. III); iibuma ilu rabittizarbabu iMkunu ina qe-re-e-ti uSbu thegreat gods took their seats, they set outthe drinking vessels, (as they) sat at thebanquet En. el. VI 75, cf. lildnu ilkunuina qe-re-e-ti [ulbu] they had a conversa-tion (and then) they sat down for a ban-quet En. el. III 133, lidna likunu inaqe-re-e-ti lilbu ibid. 8; [il]z abbe4u qe-re-ta-iu(var. -u) ulteib he had the gods,his fathers, sit down for a banquet (pre-pared) by him En. el. VI 71; rabiti u ni4emdtija kaliunu ina paSuir taStdti tdkultiu qe-re-e(var. omits -e)-ti ina qerbilau iLibuntima usdliga nupdraun kardnu ukurunnu amkira qurraSun I gladdened thehearts of the officials and all the people ofmy country by having them sit down in itat festive tables, ceremonial meals, andbanquets, I drenched their insides with

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qerituwine and kurunnu wine Borger Esarh. 63 vi50; the gods and officials ina qe-re-tiu~ieib unutima altakan nigiztu WincklerSar. pl. 38:44; this lamb la ana qa-ri-tiSelua . . . ana add Sa RN ar mat [ASSur]itti RN2 6akdni Se[lua] is not presentedfor a banquet, it is presented for theceremony of establishing the treatybetween A§Aur-nirari, king of Assyria, andMati'ilu AfO 8 24 i 12; [. . .] ni i u iqri[.. .] ana qe-re-ti he (Atrahasis) invitedhis townsmen, [he had them sit down]to a banquet Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 92 IIIii 41; uncert.: kaqdr PN a ina qe-ri-timtazzanakkarani VAT 9301:31 (unpub. OA);(barley) ana qe-ri-it ERfN.II.A YOS 13535:2 (OB); boats ga iuram ana qe-ri-a-timizbildnim Greengus Ishchali 128:6; ina qe-ri-tim bdrtum (there will be) a rebellionduring a banquet YOS 10 35:32 (OB ext.);[6umma] ina bit ameli ilu ana KAS.DE.Airub if a god comes to a banquet in aman's house Or. NS 40 135 K.9456:9 (SB Alu),cf. [umma] <ana> bit ameli ilu ana qe-re-e-ti zrub CT 40 1:14, parallel ibid. 5:38 (SBAlu); qa-ri-ia-ti e-ta-ap-fe ADD 680:8, forother refs. see epeiu mng. 2c (qartu);ta-ru-ru ana qe-re-rel-[ti .. .] (obscure)CT 39 40:39 (SB Alu), cf. qe-re-e-ti [. .. ]ibid. 42 and 43; [qe]-re-e-ti mdr Bdbilimu-x-[...] bit qeberiu epuiu ina qe-re-e-t[i ... ] the banquet of the Baby-lonians [...], his grave I had made [...]in the banquet Lambert BWL 58:27f.(Ludlul IV).

b) referring to an offering: Summa anaE.DINGIR ana qe-re-e-ti sadir if he reg-ularly goes to the temple for q. CT 4011:86 (SB Alu); SISKUR q -re-e-ti ana AniAntu u ildni kalama inaqq (the people)will make q. offerings to Anu, Antu, andall the gods RAcc. 120:23; sirqu tasarraqquradr tugarrar EN qa-ri-te [...] qdtdJuigqabat you scatter dry offerings, youpour out libation offerings, the personwho offers the q., [after(?)] he has takenhis (the god's?) hands [.. .] Ebeling

qerituParfimrez. pl. 22 VAT 10183:16, of. EN qa-ri-te EN pari ibid. 3, also (in broken context)ibid. 6 and 20, VAT 12398:8, pl. 21:2 and 16 (NArit.), cf. also [a-k]a-li §a qa-ri-ti CraigABRT 1 25:25 (NA oracles for Esarh.).

c) as name of a festival: six gur ofmalt ana qe-re-et Itar u qildastim a Itir-mer for the q. of IMtar and for the qi=lasatu festival of DN ARM 7 263 i 6; Sipirqe-re-et DN ina qdtilu ibaizma he is incharge of preparations for the q. ofKititum IM 67234:9 (OB let., courtesy H. al-Adhami), cf. KA§.DE.A DN YOS 5 178:6,202:35, 207:57, KA§.D].A DINGIR.RE.E.NEibid. 217 iii 25, cf. also UD KA§.D].A DNMDP 10 p. 38ff. No. 27:3, 29:3, 31:2, 37:2, cf.also ibid. 23 No. 5:3, MDP 18 115:8; umu Saqa-ri-te a GN the day of the q. of ArbelaIraq 25 95 BT 117:2 and 10; ki IStar GNdannatuni qa-ri-tu ina GN tetalia (the kingknows) that IItar of Arbela is powerful,there is a q. in Arbela, she has gone thereABL 876:10; ilidri qa-rit Nabi (?) Talmetudattu tuwd ina libbi bit akiti tuJ ab niqina pania inneppaJa tomorrow is theq.-festival of Nabi, Tagmetu will leave(her temple) (and) stay in the akitu house,offerings will be made in her presenceABL 858:8 (all NA); I laid the foundationof bit akiti isinni qe-re-ti AISur theHouse of the New Year's festival, the q.-festival of AStur OIP 2 143:9 (Senn.), cf.isinni qe-re-ti a ar ilani ASMur ibid.136:25; qa-ri-it ili (the 15th) is the q. ofthe god KAR 178 vi 39, also (24th day) ibid.v 66, also K.4068+ r. i 9 and (the 25th) 13, (the30th) qa-ri-it Nisaba KAR 178 vi 5; [q]er-re-e-ti Igigu Anunnakii-[. . .] SBHp. 146No. VIII r. ii 22, cf. ibid. 10; [. . .].RA ITIqe-ri-it Nisaba [the month ... ] is themonth of the q. of DN Craig AAT 90 K.2892r. 10 (comm., coll. W. G. Lambert).

The mng. "banquet" does not seem to fitin the SBH refs. Connect perhaps withgirru A in the mng. "pilgrimage" or withkerru s. (a type of song).

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qerituFor YOS 1 53, etc. (Ea I 218), see kirretu. In

ABL 1078 r. 3 read [d]i-qa-ra-a-te.ME or [k]a-qa-ra-a-te.ME , for similar refs. see kakkaru mng. 1.

qeritu in bit qeriti s.; inn; RS; cf. qer.re(?)1 te-e[r-d]i mdru ina A qe-re-ti

Ugaritica 5 163 i 17 (counsels of wisdom); forparallels see Lambert BWL 256, cited qeritulex. section.

See also qaritu in bit qariti.

qerqisum (AHw. 918a) In kisam ina qe-er-qi-zuM ilqeam VAS 8 71:13, probablya geographic name occurs.

qerretu see qeritu.

qerf (qaru, qard'u) v.; 1. to invite, 2.to take away, along, to lead away; fromOA, OB on; I iqri (iqra) - iqerri (iqarri);cf. *qaru, qeritu, qeritu in bit qeriti.

1. to invite - a) gods to offerings -1' in hist.: a .. . ina isinndt dliunuAS6ur belz u ildni [rabjti] ana libbilinai-qa-ru-i-ma niq [i]naqqi (palaces)where they (the former kings) used toinvite AgAur and the great gods on theoccasion of the festivals of their cities andmake offerings (to the gods) AfO 18 353:82(Tigl. I), cf. [... iq]-ta-ru-u niq e . . . i-[ta-qu]-i ibid. 88; ildni rabi2ti dibiti AgSurina qerbiin iq-ri-ma niq elliti maharuniqqi Winckler Sar. pl. 39:125, cf. ibid. pl. 38:35,ZDMG 98 37:5 (Sar.), OIP 2 98:92, 116 viii 68,125:49 (Senn.), Borger Esarh. 69 § 30:7, 116 iii 18;Nergal Adad u ildni Jiibit Kalha ana libbiaq-ri-ma gumahhirabti immerzmarilti . ..maharun aqqi Winckler Sar. pl. 48:19; ildnirabiti ... aq-re-e(var. omits -e) -mataMl<ta>Sina a kun Lyon Sar. 18:99, also(followed by katr& adriri rumi kaspi ebbiigise ... uamhirunuti) Winckler Sar. pl.36:167, cf. ibid. pi. 25 No. 53:56; ina lme RN. . . AMSur belu rab2 u ildni a mdti gabbilaina libbi iq-ra-a-ni when RN invitedthither (to the palace) AlSur, the greatlord, and the gods of the whole landIraq 14 34:105 (Asn.); see also qertu usage a.

qerfl2' in lit.: qutrinnu li-iq-ri-a-am ili

rabitim let the incense offering invite thegreat gods JCS 22 26:16 (OB ext. prayer),cf. erenu lib~ma liq-ra-a ili rabiti BBRNo. 75-78:59, also No. 70:2; al zkaDN aq-ri-kaDN I hereby call to you, DN, I invite you,DN AfO 14 142:40, but eq-ri ittila ili alibbila along with it (the evening watch)I call the gods in it ibid. 45 and 46 (bitmi.iri); ila ana qe-re-e ilta ana qe-re-e toinvite a god, to invite a goddess BRM 420:36, parallel ibid. 19:29, see AfO 14 259:36,also STT 300:21.

b) people: one garment inumi anabit miiim iq-ru-u-Iu-ni when they invitedhim to the house of the muici officialTCL 21 161:5 (OA); ana GN alar taqbi i-qe(text -D) -er-ri-ki he will invite you toGN as you ordered YOS 2 51:28 (OB let.);ana dzim i-na uH-te-en-zi-im a-qa-ar-ri-ki I will invite you before spring at theHutizzi(?) (festival) OBT Tell Rimah 123:14;[. .. ] nifi$u iq-ri [.. .] ana qe-re-ti (seeqeritu usage a) Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis92 III ii 40 (OB), cf. (in broken context)iq-ru-i EA 357:12 (Nergal and Eretkigal); RN... DUMU nardm libbi[ja] ina qer[bigu] aq-re-e-[ma] a4ta[kan ... ] I (Esarhaddon'smother) invited thither Esarhaddon, mybeloved son, and made [festivities] BorgerEsarh. 116 iv 17; uncert.: lu qd-ra-tdm iq-raTCL 14 10:8 (OA).

c) a woman to have sexual relations:ana util suni li-iq-ri-a-ni ibuit dlim urabidnam lu useddi (I will not agree tomarital relations with him, and) if heinvites me to have sexual intercourse I willnotify the elders of the city and the cityprefect RA 69 121 No. 8:10 (OB leg.).

2. to take away, along, to lead away -a) in gen.: alki Samhat qi-ri-en(var.-in)-ni jd i ana biti elli quddu4i midabAnim IStar come, Samhatu, take mealong to the pure, holy temple, the seatof Anu and Ittar Gilg. I iv 43.

b) in a euphemism for dying (OB only):adi PN balfu PN2 ha-da-Iu [u] dikissu illak

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qerd[iS]tu PN iliu iq-te-ru PN2 ana ha-di-im udikitim ul awassu as long as PN lives,PN2 (his son) will do the add(?) and diktuservices for him, after PN dies (lit. afterhis gods take PN away), PN2 has no con-cern with the ad(?) and dikittu servicesCT 45 16 r. 5, cf. PN2 adi PN abuu baltuittanallibu um PN ilu[Su] iq-te-ru-§u a[ramanihu u]-ui ibid. obv. 5, cf. PN ...ana PN2 itaSlim iddinu ... PN [adi] bal[tat]inaddilli itu PN2 ilea iq-te-ru-i PN garamaniku CT 8 12c: 18; adi PN u PN2 baltPN3 ittanasilinati warki PN u PN2 iluiinaiq-te-ru-Ii-na-ti mamman mimma eli PN3... ul ilu as long as PN and PN2 (theowners of the manumitted slave PN3) live,PN3 will support them, after PN and PN2have died, no one has any claim on PN3Mendelsohn Slavery 79:13, cf. (in othermanumission texts) um PN ilia iq-te-ru-Ui-6i TCL 1 69:12, BE 6/1 96:13, also UDPN iluga iq-[t]i-ru-du-§i-ma a[na] gzmtimittalku eli fPN2 (the adopted slave girl) ...mimma elia ula isi TIM 5 5:8; adi PN... baltat mimmaa qdssama ukdl ituilila iq-te-ru-i PN2 ana mimma a PN...PN2 u mdru PN 3 ul iraggamu as long asPN lives she herself keeps possession of allof her (share of the division), after shedies, PN2 and the sons of PN 3 (her brothers)will have no claim on any of PN's assetsCT 47 47:21, cf. CT 2 24:27, CT 8 5a:17, CT 4579:32, cf. also (with warki) BE 6/1 101:29, (withinima) Szlechter Tablettes 12 MAH 15.913:34,(with iAtu) CT 8 4a r. 11, VAS 9 145:18 (allSippar), warki PN ilSu iq-ru-[u] WisemanAlalakh 57:6.

The lit. meaning of the verb in thephrase "to die," "when his/her gods have... .-ed him/her," seems to be "to takeaway," compare um §imdtula itarrdSiUCP 10 173 No. 105:7f.

In KAH 2 84:50, Lie Sar. 19, and BauerAsb. 2 87:28, see Borger, AfO 17 346, readigrdnni (ana qabli), for parallels see gerd.The ref. andku lu-ug-ri-Jum-ma I (En-kidu) will challenge him (Gilgamet) Gilg.

qiiau

I iv 47, as well as the OA refs. citedMatoug, BiOr 16 181 ad CCT 5 22c, and CCT 425b:16, should have been cited sub ger2.The personal name Ki-i-ig/q-ru-i KrausAbB 1 67:6 and 8 is obscure.

For AGH 14:20 (= KAR 25 ii 20), see theemendation i-qar-ru-<bu>-ku-nu-i cited almattuusage c.

Ad mng. 2: David Adoption 77 n. 32a; Harris,Studies Oppenheim 120.

qerubtu s.; purview; OB*; cf. qerebu.abuu gapdram lidanninauummajarram

ruqam ana alpi la iakkan ina q-ru-ub-ti-ni alpui a belini Sammi lzkulu let hisfather write to him in strong terms sothat he will not assign the cattle a distantwatering place, the cattle of our lordshould graze within our purview TCL 1740:29; eqlum ma-ah-ri-im-ma ana qe-ru-ub-ti-ki imqutamma a field previouslyfell to your share TCL 18 86:8; send meten head of cattle ina GN ina qe-ru-ub-ti-ka UD.2.[K]AM lidi4u they should dothe threshing for two days in GN withinyour purview Kraus AbB 1 40:9 (all OBletters).

qgpu s.; summer; EA; WSem. word.§umma §S q-e-qi la jug6iru arru if the

king does not send summer grain EA131:15 (let. of Rib-Addi).

qgeu see qu s.

qetta'u s.; cane cutter; NB*; Aram. lw.PN a muhhi qe-et-ta-u PN, the foreman

of the cane cutters YOS 6 32:65.von Soden, Or. NS 37 264.

qiadu see qddu.

qilu see qdlu B.

qiapu see qdpu A.

qiau see qcdu.

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qibitu

qibitu s. fern.; 1. speech, word, report,2. order, command, 3. promise, 4.prayer, 5. divine pronouncement creat-ing and maintaining the proper func-tioning of the world; from OA, OB on;pl. qibdti (qi-bi-a-tim VAB 4 60 i 23, 148iv 28); wr. syll. and DUG4 .GA, in personalnames also E, see mng. 5b; cf. qabU v.

dug 4 .ga = qi-bi-tum Proto-Diri 554; dug 4 .ga = qi-bi-tum, dug 4.ga.x = Au-ma Sag Bil. B332 f.; an. dul = zi-ik-ru-um (vars. zi-ik-ru, qi-bi-tu)Silbenvokabular A 78.

dug 4 .ga.zi = MIN (= 8anaqu) §d qi-bi-timNabnitu N 107; [z]i /I gd-nu-u d qi-bi-ti A III/1Comm. A 11a; gi 4 = MIN (= end) Sd qi-bi-tiNabnitu K 112.

dInnin dug 4.ga.a.ni dA.nun.na 1.am sagnu.un.g6.da : IStar a ana qi-bit(var. -bi-ti) -4dAnunnaki itdnu la i'irru IMtar, against whosecommand not one of the Anunnaki dares to proceedCT 16 13 ii 33ff.; dug 4du.dug 4 .ga dUtu en.galan. ki. a : ina qi-ba-a-ti Id Sama6 beli rabi a lameu erqeti at the command of gamag, the great lordof heaven and earth 5R 51 iii 50, see Borger, JCS21 11:31a; dug 4.ga dEn.ki.kex(KID) dingir[.. .] : ina qi-bit Ea ilu [...] PBS 12/1 7:3f. and22f., cf. ibid. 6 r. 4f.; dNin.urta dug 4.ga.zunu. k ir. ra : MIN qi-bit-ka ul uttakkar (see nakdrulex. section) Lugale I 25; dug 4 .ga.zu an.ginx(aIM) nu.kikr.ru.da : qi-bit-ka kima ame uluttakkar 4R 20 No. 3:18f., cf. SBH p. 71 No. 39r. ilf.; 6m.dug 4.ga.na nu.gi 4.gi 4.d6 : ana qi-bi-ti-&d la iturra (Enlil) who does not go backon his word SBH p. 9 No. 4:98f., also ibid. 130No. 18f.; dug 4.ga.bi.ta ka.e.a.zu.ta dim.me.ir i .dib.ba.mu ki.tug nam.mu.un.an.gur.ru : ina qi-bit-ka ilu zenutu ana 6ubtilunu iturru(see zeni adj. lex. section) RAcc. 109:17f.; dug 4.ga.zu.ta Aul.a.lum.bi h6.dug.du8 nam.tag.ga.bi h6.z i. zi : ina qi-bi-ti-ka ennessu lippatiraransu linnasih (see ennittu lex. section) 4R17:57f.; dug4.ga.bi si.sA ... li.li.6 UD.KA.BAR dug 4 .ga.bi [si.s ] : qi-bi-ta ludtu SuteAir... lili8u qi-bit-su Sui[teir] make this word beright, make the word of the lilissu drum be right4R 23 No. 1 iii 19ff., see RAcc. 30; inim.mah .bidug 4 .ga.a.ni ki.in.gi ab.kin.kin.kex : a-matqi-bi-ti-u zirtu ariJ iJte'ema he devoutly paidattention to the word of his (Ea's) supreme com-mand BIN 2 22:84f.; e.ne.8m.mah dug 4.ga.mu ki.bal.a i.gul.[gul] : a-mat qi-bi-ti-ia .rtuKUR nu-kir-tum qdtum u'abbat (see nukurtu) ASKTp. 127:33f.; ka.bi dug 4 .ga le.ga : d qi-bit(var. -bi-it) pi-i-Ju magratu (Gibil) whoseutterance is favorable CT 16 44:112f.; ka.tadug 4 .ga.mu h6.en.silim.ma.ab : qi-bit pzja

qibituullim make my word propitious CT 16 7:272 f.;

for other bil. refs. see mngs. 2b-2', 3', 2c, 5.em u.en nu.Aa 4 / nu.sa : Sa qi-bit-su la il:

§annanu ZA 10 pl. 2 (after p. 276) K.69:28f.,parallel (Sum. only) CT 42 37:8, cf. em u 6 u[...] : 9a la i[§annanu . .] SBH p. 64 No. 34:13.

an-na : qi-bi-ti JNES 33 332:31 (med. comm.);[x K]A / qi-bi-ti // KA / a-mat Hunger Uruk 32 r. 4.

1. speech, word, report - a) with verbadicendi: DN zpula qi-bi-ta sara answered(Anu) CT 15 40 iii 17 (SB Epic of Zu), cf. ibid.ii 43; for other refs. see apdlu A mng.2a-2'; amat aqabbikunu[§i lu amatkunu]qi-bi-it aqabbkunul[i lu qi-bi-it-ku-nu]KAR 38 r. 2, see Caplice, Or. NS 39 126; ki qi-bitPN ina puhur ... iqbi according to thedeclaration PN made in the assembly TCL13 182:15 (NB).

b) other occs.: the sorcerers qi-bitKA.MU igbatu egirreja ulamminu seizedthe speech of my mouth, gave me a badreputation KAR 80 r. 31, dupl. RA 26 41:6;qi-bit pi-i-4u erhu la amgur I did notagree with the speech of his (Teumman's)insolent mouth AAA 20 98:149, also StreckAsb. 110 v 3, for other refs. see magdrumng. 4a; the priests said to me, "Thetemple has collapsed" qi-bi-it-su-nu laaqpma I did not believe their reportOECT 1 pl. 24 i 53 (Nbn.); note addressed bygods to gods: ugiri qi-bi-ti 6ime siqrjaheed my command, pay attention to mywords VAS 10 214 vi 18 (OB Agugaja); k&mqi-bi-ti el qi-bi-ti-ka lu (h)abrat (just asheaven is more important than earth) sobe my word more important than yourword RA 36 11:12, also ibid. 10:7 and 10(Akk.-Hurr. bil.); obscure: 'a rag-ga u me-id-ri qi-bit-su e x [x x] Lambert BWL200:13 (fable).

2. order, command - a) of a superior- 1' in OA, OB: x MA.NA kaspam gamarlax MA.NA kaspam qi-bi4 -sd (or: ki-bi4-sd)ana PN mahdtini addin x minas of silver,her expenses, x minas of silver (at) herorder (or: her allowance, see kibsu Amng. 3), I gave PN, our .... RA 60 130 AO11217:17 (OA); Fqi(-bi-tam ana PN idinma

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ESIR lizbilu give the order to PN, letthem carry the bitumen IM 54690:7, cf.annitam qi-bi-tam 5a aqbi~unuiim IM67187:11; ana annitim a a4taprakku [qil-bi-ti gime listen to my words concerningthis (matter) I am writing to you aboutIM 67220:23 (all courtesy H. al-Adhami), cf. Sumer14 42 No. 19:13 (Harmal let.); Jumma qi-bi-itekallim 6upramma ... umma la qi-bi-itekallim ana PN qibima litrai if it is thepalace's order write to me, if it is notthe palace's order, tell PN that they shouldbring her (the slave girl) along Boyer Con-tribution 119:35 ff.; ina qi-bi-it awzlim be'lija. .. i4Siakkatum illikunim at the order ofthe gentleman, my master, the iS4akkufarmers came PBS 7 99:13, cf. OECT 3 35:10,53:15, cf. ina qi-bi-ti-ia-ma illikam TIM2 102:10; qi-bi-tam u4amrissunulim I gavethem a strongly worded order GreengusIshchali 23:11, cf. qi-bi-tam dunninBunuimibid. 35 (all OB letters); PN ana qi-bi-it PN2§E§.A.NI x kaspam ana PN3 i4aqqal CT 3347a:5 (OB); mare GN ... ina qi-bi-it PNiktas8 they have arrested the Jamut-balians on the order of PN ARM 2 130:17.

2' in NB: (a field) aki Safari a inaqi-bi-tum PN ... ittika ifturu in ac-cordance with the contract which theymade out to you on the order of PN(governor of Babylon) BRM 1 101:4; PNina qi-bit fangi ekalli aSbi VAS 6 276:6,also ibid. 23; ina qi-ba-a-ta PN YOS 7 70:5,ina qi-ba-a-tum PN ... u range Eannaqenia ana ri'itum anaPN2 iddinu on ordersof Belshazzar, (the 6atammu of Eanna),and the administrators of Eanna theygave those flocks to PN2 for pasturingYOS 6 155:6, note aki DJG4 -tu a PN BE9 32a:2; Sa nard annd ubbat... ina qi-bit pi-i uhallaqu he who smashes thisstela (or) causes it to be destroyed by (his)order (may the gods curse him) RA 16129 iii 26 (NB kudurru).

b) of the king - 1' in gen.: ina qi-bi-it Sarri mulgpi~ita epul (see muepiitumng. 1) PBS 7 83:23 (OB let.); uppi arki

qibituludUti elli kzim qi-bi-i-ti Sa LUGAL a MN. .. ina GN sa-te-er the tablet was writ-

ten in Nuzi after the new proclamation,following the decree of the king of MNSMN 2684:35 (Nuzi), also JEN 116:12.

2' in royal inscrs.: concerning theUrartians who fled a ... RN Sar Urartiina muhhi ipuruma la igm? qi-bit-suabout whom Ursa, the king of Urartu,gave orders without his orders beingobeyed Borger Esarh. 106 iii 29, cf. arraula emi2 a-mat qi-bit-ia ibid. 86 § 57:6, cf.also andku RN §arru dannu §a qi-bit-sula innennc la uwtamsaku amat rubti4uibid. 103 i 25; (the enemy who) [q]i-bit-su uzikir §umiu la ihutuma did not standin awe of his order or the mention of hisname Borger Esarh. 32:11; (if the Assyrianarmy) ina qi-bit RN... ana nakri4u il=liku[ni] marches against his enemy atAigur-nirari's command AfO 8 25 iv 1 (AiAur-nirari V treaty); an.ub.da limmu. [ba]dug 4 .ga.na m[i.ni.in.tug] : kibrdterbettim ana qi-bi-ti-u u eiib he madethe entire world live under his commandRA 63 36:127, cf. RA 61 41:53 (both Samsuiluna);the people of Akkad and Hatti uallamuqi-bi-ti executed what I ordered AnSt 860 ii 9 (Nbn.); ana qi-bit-4u-nu la egdku(see egi usage a-2) VAB 4 276 v 21 (Nbn.),cf. arummdn-manda... . uakniq qi-bi-tu-uS-u ibid. 272 ii 6.

3' in lit.: [dug 4.ga.a.ni nu s .s8ka.t]a.e.a.ni Au nu.bal.e : qi-bi-is-su ul iMannan ~zt pi4u [ul uttakkar] his(the king's) command cannot be rivaled,his order cannot be changed Lambert BWL233:3; [6.gal dug 4.ga.a.n]i an.na.gi n(GIM) nu.GAM. da : ekallu qi-bi-is-sakima qi-[bi-it Anim] ul naddt the word ofthe palace is like the word of Anu, itcannot be set aside ibid. 1, cf. [6. galan.na.ginx d]ug 4.ga.a.ni zi.da :ekallu kima Anim qi-bi-is-[ a kznat] ibid. 4;iStdt narkabta ina qi-bi-ti-ka liddinunimmahave them give me a chariot on your order(addressing the king) sTT 38:76 (Poor Man

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qibituof Nippur), see AnSt 6 154; inapuhri lu emdtqi-bi-ti may my word be listened to in theassembly BMS 19:28.

4' qibit pi: 'arru §a ina qi-bit KA-tiuSharmatu ade u tdmdte (see naharmutumng. 2d) AKA 196 iii 12, 218:13 (Asn.), cf.ina qi-bit pi-i-ka (in broken context)STT 43:30, see AnSt 11 150.

c) of gods - 1' given to kings: qi-bi-itaamal u Marduk ana alrim alkun (corr.

to Sum. nig.dug4 .ga dUtu dAMAR.UD.bi.da.ka ki.bi.Se im.mi.gar YOS 936:95) I executed the commands of DNand DN2 RA 61 42:99 (Samsuiluna); in qi-bi-it gama u Marduk (corr. to Sum. du g4.ga dug 4 .ga dUtu dAMAR.UD.bi.da.kaYOS 9 36:69) RA 61 41:72, also, wr. qi-bi-it CH xl 84; dug 4 .mah An.dEn.lil.bi.da.kex CT 8 lc:13, and passim in OByear dates, see B. Morgan, MCS 4 35f.; 9amii-Adad multemqi mdtim .. . ina qi-bi-itASgur ra'imi u AOB 1 22 i 9, ina qi-bitMarduk (in broken context) ibid. 40 r. 12(AgAur-uballit I), cf. ADD 650:22 (Aggur-etel-ilani) ;ina qi-bit ASsur beli rabe belija narkabateummdndte adki at the command of AgAur,the great lord, my lord, I moved thechariotry and the army (and reached thetown) MAOG 6/1-2 12:19 (Asn.), kc qi - bitASur belija Borger Esarh. 112 r. 1; ina qi-bit DN... kzma tib mehe samri ana nakriaziq at the command of A9Sur I blewover the enemy like the onrush of a ragingstorm OIP 2 45 v 76 (Senn.); ana qerebGN ina qi-bi-ti DN ... uSeiib I resettled(the gods) in Babylon on the order ofMarduk 5R 35:33 (Cyr.).

2' other occs.: aju a ana daril iiquraqi-bi-tu who is there who has heeded the(god's) command forever? KAR 39+45 r. i 4,see JNES 33 282:133; (Sama) muAallim qi-bitNannari abi bdnifu AnSt 8 60 ii 5 (Nbn.);BamaS ana qi-bi-tuk-ka (var. [q]i-bi-ti-ka) itaqq2 ilu Igigi OECT 6 pi. 30 K.2824:6,var. from PBS 1/1 12:7, cf. Mayer Gebetsbeschwo-rungen 476:43; qi-bi-tu-u-a mi[gru] etel

qibitu

at her (Nanf's) command her favorite islord VAS 10 215 r. 25 (OB lit.), see von Soden,ZA 44 34:53, cf. qi-bi-tuk-ka (in brokencontext) ZA 61 52:82, 84, also AfO 19 60:178(SB hymn); (gamaS) ina qi-bi-ti-<ka>ubburat napiSt Lambert BWL 200:16 (fable);ina qi-bit Itar Sumsukat alti kabti atIhtar's command the noble's wife gota bad name Lambert BWL 218:7 (prov-erbs); ina qi-bit Bau uSarbi SumSa at thecommand of Bau I extolled her (Gula's)name KAR 73:27; andku ina qi-bit Marduk... mimmu eppuSu lu kusiru as for me,at the command of Marduk may whateverI do succeed Maqlu VII 19, ina qi-bitDN DN 2 DN3 ibid. V 59, 138, AMT 59,1 i 10,and passim; arna putra sima taslitz ina qi-bit dBE LUGAL DI[NGIR.ME§] absolve(my) sin, listen to my prayer at the com-mand of DN, lord of the gods Or. NS 34116:17; ina qi-bit Ea ... ana nis qdtijalinilh libbaka BMS 12:87, see Ebeling Hand-erhebung 80, cf. ina qi-bit iqbi Girra raSubbuMaqlu III 182.

3. promise: qi-bit KA-gi inandin (withexplanation) sa ina muriSu mimma malaiqabbu inandinu RA 13 137:7 (med. comm.);ana ikrib qi-bit KA-SU iballut (for anotherinterpretation see ikribu mng. la) LabatTDP 80:7, 88:19; uncert.: ina qi-bit puimdt CT 28 25:35, for coll. see Kraus Textep. 15 No. 70.

4. prayer - a) in gen.: LUGAL Saqi-bi(var. -bi)-su itti DN u DN2 magrat(corr. to Sum. lugal dug 4 .ga.ni kidUtu d .ri5.da.ta §e.ga YOS936ii65)the king whose prayer finds favor withSamag and Aja RA 61 41:69 (Samsuiluna);inuma Sama teslissu imguruSu u qi-bi-siSmi Syria 32 13 i 30 (Jahdunlim); ana DNDN2... qdtz ali.ma imguru qi-bi-ti I prayedto AA§ur, Sin (etc.) and they were favor-able to my prayer Borger Esarh. 43 i 60,also, wr. qi-bi-e-ti ibid. 42 i 37, qi-bi-tiAnSt 8 46 i 36 (Nbn.); for other refs. seemagaru mngs. 2a, 3b, 4a, 10c; tulam

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qi-bit-su-un you (Taimetu) make their(men's) prayer heard BMS 33:17.

b) gibzt pt: niq qi-bit pi-i simatqutrinni sacrifices (and accompanying)prayer are proper for an incense offeringLambert BWL 104:136; qi-bit KA ana SinTUK-i there will be a prayer to SinLabat TDP 222:48, cf. ik-ri-bi-a ana §e-me-e

qi-bit pi-a ana ma-ga-ri Akk.-Aram. bil. fromTell Fakhariya 14 (courtesy D. Kennedy), cf.qi-bit KA-Si eli ilz u nile tu-ub-bi ibid. 22.

5. divine pronouncement creating andmaintaining the proper functioning of theworld - a) in lit. and hist.: ki.nam.tar.ra.na GIR.BARSer nam.bi.in.tuku.a dug 4 .ga.mu.gin, dug 4.ga.zuh .en. gu.la : aar zmdtum kida e tarsikima qi-bi-ti-i qi-bit-ki limqi have norestrictions at the place where destiniesare decided, may your pronouncement beequal to my pronouncement RA 12 74:25 f.;An dug 4.ga.mah.zu sag ba.gin :Anu qi-bit-ka zrtu ina mahri illak TCL6 51:7f., see RA 11 141:4, cf. Marduk .. .Ad qi-bit-su ina ma-har illaku Binning 29:28(courtesy C. B. F. Walker); (Nusku) umunamru 8a qi-bit-su gzrat Maqlu II 4, cf. Or.NS 34 117 r. 13; §a qi-bit-su riqat BA 5652:19, cf. (with kinat) ibid. 653:22, also VAS 1758:3; Gula [nap]lussa talmu qi-bit-sa8ul[mu] BMS 4:26, see Ebeling Handerhebung30:4, cf. (Itar) [nap]luski ta4m2 qi-bit-kinura BMS 8:2, see ZA 42 222:21; Taimetu§a qi-bi-sa galr[at] BMS 33:10, see EbelingHanderhebung 124; §a qi-bi-sd ina E.KURkabtat CH xlii 83; kinat amassu la endtqi-bit-su En. el. VII 151; Enlil §a qi-bi-sula ultepellu (corr. to Sum. [dug 4 .g a. n] iSu nu.bal.e.dam) whose pronounce-ment is unchangeable RA 63 33:17 (Samsu-iluna); (Sin) §a qi-bi-is-su [1]a uttakkaruKBo 1 12 obv.(!) 11, see Or. NS 23 213, cf.,wr. qi-bi-si CH xlii 55; amat DN DN2 . . .6a qi-bi-it-su-nu la innenni ana qi-bi-ti-di-nu ~irti aplah VAB 4 220 i 35 (Nbn.);

Enlil dajdnu ,iru Sa qi-bit-su la uttakkaruBMS 60:7, cf. qi-bit-ka ul immaMi ibid. 10,

qibitusee Laessee Bit Rimki 57:55 and 58; (gamag)la end qi-bi-tu-i Kocher BAM 323:20, dupl.Gray gama pl. 12 K.2132:4; ina qi-bi-ti-kaliMakin kitta gurpu II 132; ina qi-bi-ti-kazirti ama... .. bitu Sudti maharka lulabbir(see labdru mng. 3) VAB 4 242 iii 39 (Nbn.),cf., wr. qi-bi-it-ti-ka ibid. 190 No. 23 ii 1(Nbk.); note the pl.: ina qi-bi-a-tim Nabu Marduk VAB 4 60 i 23 (Nabopolassar), alsoibid. 148 iv 28 (Nbk.); qi-bi-tu-Si malkubdnu2un tibutu lillik through his (AAAur's)pronouncement may the king who builtthem reach old age Winckler Sar. pl. 25No. 52:448 and parallels; ina qi-bi-ti-ka kitti§a la uztamsaku liriku imija (see nasdkumng. 7) 5R 66 ii 10 (Antiochus I), cf. ibid.i 23; ina DUG4.GA-ka kabitti (var. qi-bi-ti-ka kit-ti) lublut lulimma 4R 21* 1 C 8, var.from KAR 59:11, cf. ina DUG 4.GA-ka (var.qi-bi-ti-ka) ozrti §a la uttakkaru Biggsgaziga 42:8, see also nakdru mng. 13b; inaamatika kitti ina siqrika kabti ina qi-bitilitika rabiti at your (Nabfi's) just utter-ance, your important word, the pro-nouncement of your divine majesty BMS22:10 and 66, see Ebeling Handerhebung 106;ina qi-bi-tuk-ka (var. ina qa-bi-ka-ma)itallada tene,4ti at your (Marduk's) com-mand men are born KAR 68:17, see EbelingHanderhebung 20, var. from BMS 19:13; DNina qi-\bitl-ka (var. qi-bi-ti-ka) uleliriapdti (see eSeru mng. 9) PBS 1/1 13:8,var. from Gray gama pl. 8 Sm. 1612:8, see Scholl-meyer No. 25 and p. 133; ina qi-bi-ti-ka rabitimilikina taprus AfO 23 43:27 (SB fire inc.);ina qi-bit ilz ga mii Craig ABRT 2 8 i 13,cf. ina qi-bit DN DN2 Biggs Saziga 22:12;ina qi-bit maima ilz apkal ili Marduk bebaldti Surpu VIII 88.

b) in personal names: Ina-qi-bit-AnuBRM 2 2:22, TCL 13 234:10, etc., also TCL 6 2r. 31, and passim in colophons, see HungerKolophone p. 150 s.v., wr. Ina-E-Anu BRM 236:1, 43:11, BIN 2 136:2, cf. Ina-E-dNa-na-aBIN 2 135:6 and passim in this text, also Bab. 15188:4 (all NB), Ina-qi-bit-ASSur TCL 9 57r. 26 (NA); Qi-bit-Adad ADD 159 tablet 2,

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qibftQi-bit-Itar ADD 173:1, Qi-bit-ASur ADD363 r. 4, also (as name of a city) KAV 94:5;note mDug 4 .ga. mah. d a.zu = mi-rat-qi-bit-Marduk 5R 44 ii 22.

c) in other texts: bel? attaina qi-bi-itMarduk bd[n]ika alar taqabb tammaggarmay you, my lord, find obedience wher-ever you give orders at the command ofMarduk, your creator CT 2 48:14 (OB let.).

d) qibit pi: ki qereb ame 6ibqi ili[. . .] qi-bit pi-i ilti ul iS6a[ddad ana libbi]like the middle of heaven, the plans of thegods [...], the decrees of the goddessare not taken seriously(?) Lambert BWL76:83 (Theodicy), restored from BM 47745 (cour-tesy W. G. Lambert); ina qi-bit pi-i-ka aj ithdmimma lemnu at your (Marduk's) decree,"anything evil" shall not approach meBMS 12:62, see Ebeling Handerhebung 78; limisiqr ina qi-bit pi-ki lilqe unninja let(NabA) listen to my word, at your com-mand (0 Tagmetu) let him accept myprayer BMS 1:43 and dupl. 33:25, see EbelingHanderhebung 124:25; (BamaS) [4]a lainnennu qi-bit pi-d whose decree cannotbe changed Lambert BWL 138:199 (hymn togamag), Enlil a qi-bit pi-i-4u la innenncMDP 2 pl. 23 vii 45, cf. RA 68 94:1 (Esarh.);(Ninurta) fa la endz qi-bit KA-Si AKA256 i 4 (Asn.).

e) amat qibiti: the gods Sa a-mat qi-bi-ti-4u-nu la uttakkaru MDP 2 pl. 23 vi 21(MB kudurru), cf. AMT 93,3:5; Anu ... Saa-mat qi-bi-ti-ii la uztapilu ilu ajimmaBorger Esarh. 79:2; ina amat qi-bi-ti-ki gzrti§a ina Ekur .. urbdt BMS 4:43, seeEbeling Handerhebung 46:85, cf. BMS 7:23, cf.Surbdt amatka qi-bit-ka [ul imma i] Or. NS34 117 r. 11; for other refs. see amatu Amng. 4a-1'.

In ABL 1219 r. 2 read probably KA KIN fpi-ri-te( ?).

qibfi see qbu.

qibuqibu (qib2) s.; 1. command, order,instructions, authorization, 2. declara-tion, 3. injunction, 4. prognosis, prog-nostication; from MB, MA on; wr. syll.(qi-ba-a KAR 151:59 and ABL 576 r. 13) andME with phon. complement -a, rarelyDUG 4 (DUG 4 -a ZA 19 377:8), DUG 4 .GA (forE see mng. lb-2); cf. qabi v.

m eik-ri-bu(var. qi-bu-fl) Proto-Izi I 140; me.gal. zu = Iuttu paddru, qi-bu d-ka-nu CT 18 30r. ii 13f. (Group Voc. A 170f.).

1. command, order, instructions, au-thorization - a) divine command, order:qibitukka lilem zikrua ina qi-bi-kaana damiqti lukiud at your order maymy words be listened to, at your com-mand may I gain good luck KAR 59r. 8, see Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 444; inaqi-bi Sin u Sama CT 34 27 i 49 (Nbn.);qi-bu-uk-ki at your command (in brokencontext, parallel: annukki) AfO 19 52:141;[DN.. .] -la ana qi-bi-Ju liSkun (in brokencontext) KAV 94 r. 5, see Postgate RoyalGrants No. 27; in personal names: I-na-qi-bi-belti-ablut By-Order-of-the-Lady-I-Be-came-Well BE 15 178:8 (MB), cf. Ina-qi-bi-dEN-ablt VAS 1 37 v 5, AnOr 9 1:100, abbr.Ina-qi-bi-dEN ibid. 94, also ABL 475:6, TuM2-3 254:5, VAS 4 15:10, VAS 6 273:10, andpassim in NB, see Tallqvist NBN 78; Ina-qi-bi-Nabz Speleers Recueil 278:16, also Qi-bi-dEN BIN 1 126:19, VAS 3 12:5; Qi-bi-DINGIRKAJ 145:13, Qi-bi-SamaS KAJ 73:21, Qi-bi-dA-.ur Iraq 30 179 TR. 3005:11, and passimin MA, see Saporetti Onomastica 1 375.

b) (oral) instructions, authorization(NB) - 1' in routine transactions: con-cerning that silver PN... ina qi-bi saritennu u dajdni eti[r] PN was paid in fullupon an order of the chief judge and the(other) judges VAS 4 87:10, ina qi-bi aang& PN . . . mahir Dar. 46:1, ina qi-bi

Sa PN Adkin temi Bdbili BRM 1 81:5, Dar.577:3, ina qi-bi Sa PN bel piqit a EsagilNbn. 558:7, barley for feed for birds inaqi-bi Sa PN u PN2 ina qdt PN3 mahir Camb.7:3, cf. Nbn. 86:6, and passim in adm. with officials

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or otherwise unidentified persons, note ina qi-bi9a PN (at end of text) Nbn. 1036:8; oilreceived from PN by several persons inaqi-bi §a PN2 upon the authorization ofPN2 BE 10 60:1; x silver PN ina qi-bi aPN2 ina napartu fa fPN3 ... mahir PNreceived on orders from PN2 as proxy for'PN3 VAS 4193:2, cf. the silver ina napartuPN... ina qi-bi 4a PN, mahir Dar. 338:10;dates §a ina qi-bi a PN i9§2 Nbn. 570:2,cf. 702:3, 1100:3, (with naddnu) Cyr. 71:4, VAS3 77:8; PN ina qi-bi a PN2 zera imaS4ahma... inandin BRM 1 64:29.

2' atypical occs.: the renter will paycompensation for any ox that dies inaMU.AN.NA Sa qi-bi PN im-mid BE 9 26:13,of. GUD.HI.A a ina libbi imuttu izaqqapMU.AN.NA a qi-bi PN im-mid CBS 12892r. 4 (courtesy M. Stolper); x barley, theestimated yield (to be collected by PN)Sa ina libbi uftati x oUR a ina qi-bi PN2of which barley x gur are in PN2's q. VAS3 13:3; I bought the slave girl ana E PNon the verbal authority of PN (PN2 , theclaimant, must bring a written documentof PN's) Coll. de Clercq 2 160 (pl. 26 Tableau C)No. 3:7; A-a ina qi-bi a PN id-di-ra-as(for iddaras?) nie bitija ina bit [ki] li myhouse is being ruined at PN's order, andmy family is in prison YOS 3 116:13 (NBlet.); ina qi-bi-ia (in broken context)VAS 6 165:8; ki ana panija la tdteldnu qi-ba-a la taqabbd allakamma mdtkunu ...aheppu if you do not come up to me,(and?) do not give your word, I will goand destroy your land ABL 576 r. 13.

2. declaration: nikkassu . . . aki qi-biSa PN zpuluma they made the accountingaccording to the declaration (in court) offPN RA 12 6:22 (NB); note as var. to qabU(see qab A s. mng. 3a): qd-ta-atPNPN2 anaITI.I.KAM ana 6u-zu-iz ana PN3 qi-ba-amiiScun Andrews University Museum 3192:5, alsoibid. 10 and 16 (OB).

3. injunction: ina muhhi qi-ba-a-ni... qi-ba-a-ni 6arru ligqur regarding the

qidituinjunctions (of the hemerology), let theking heed the injunctions ABL 553:14 andr. 1 (NA).

4. prognosis, prognostication: [enima]bdrd ana 6arri bira bare ME-a lakani pa=nilu laknuu when the diviner is aboutto perform a divination (and) to make aprognostication for the king BBR No. 11 r. 2,75-78:13, cf. mdr bdre ME-a la ilakkanPRT 106:6, mar bidr DUG4 .GA la iakkanKAR 176 r. i 22, dupl. KAR 178 ii 67 (hemer.),and passim in this text; alar puzri bdr DUG4la iSakkan 4R 32 i 33, and passim in hemer.,wr. DUG4 -a ZA 19 377:8, cf., wr. qi-ba AMT51,2:6; dlipu ana bullutiu ME -a la ikakkanthe diagnostic expert must not make aprognosis for his recovery LabatTDP 176:3,cf. ibid. 154:8, 188:13, wr. qi-ba STT 89:136,AMT 27,6:2f.; [ina balika] ad'ilu ana SarriME -a la i4akkan (!ama§) without you thedream interpreter cannot give a prog-nostication for the king AMT 71,1:40, seeZA 51 172; Iumma ana qaqqar mahir e'imME -a taakkan .. . ana 6attika ME -a talak=kanma igallim if you want to make aprognosis concerning the market price forbarley, you can make an exact prognosisfor the coming year Hunger Uruk 94: 1 and 4,cf. ME-a talakkan TCL 6 19:15 (both astrol.),CT 20 20 K.6936:4, 46 iii 29, CT 30 20 iv 3, ME-ala talakkan CT 20 46 iii 30, CT 30 41:8, CT31 32 r. 12, wr. qi-ba KAR 151:63, qi-bata4akkan ibid. r. 30 (SB ext.), CT 23 12 iii 50(SB med.), ana GIa qi-ba-a taSakkan KAR151:59, cf. ibid. 6, wr. ME-a ibid. r. 51, cf.CT 39 30:51, qi-ba taSakkan AMT 19,8:2,27,6:4, 44,1 ii 10; note in astron.: ME-a-S~E Neugebauer ACT 200g ii 1.

In ABL 512:1 read kap-pu (coll. S. Parpola).

qidadani see qadaddni.

qidtu (or *qittu) s.; lit fires (or: lighting);SB*; cf. qddu.

They saw qi-da-at abri a S~p nakriul-lu-[x-x]-ti-ma dipdr Ieri lildte the litfires (or: lighting) of the brush piles (an-

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qiddatamnouncing) the approach of the ....enemy and the torch signals (lit) morningand evening TCL 3 250 (Sar.).

qiddatam adv.; bending over; SB; cf.qadddu.

Summa amelu ana sinni ti qi-id-da-tamTUK if a man, bending over, approachesa woman (sexually) CT 39 45:37, cf. [ummaamelu] ana [SAL qid-dam-ta] ana Gor.DulDU AMT 65,3:1 (Alu Tablet CIII, courtesyA. Guinan), with comm. [qid]-dam-ta : qi-id-da-tum CT 41 34 K.103:1.

qiddatu s.; 1. downstream, downwarddirection, 2. dejection(?), 3. qiddatumi late afternoon, toward evening, 4.(part of a pomegranate); OB, MB, SB;wr. syll. and GAM (in mng. 3 UD.GAM.MA);cf. qadddu.

[ui-ru] [HAR] = qi-id-da-tum A V/2:171;1ARqi-da-tum (var. qi-id-da-tum) Proto-Izi I 97; [mu-ur][HAR] = qid-da-tum, qid-da-tum UD-mu AV/2:269f.; u4 .gam.ma = qid-da-at u4-mu Hh.I210.

bu-ru u = qi-id-da-tum A 11/4:99; gu = qi-id-da-a-tum Izi F 40.

sag.ki ur 5 .ra im.ma.ni.in.si.ke.ne : inapanija qid-da-a-ti i4akkanuni they inflict dejectionon me SBH p. 84 No. 47 r. 23f.; x ur.ur.raa. e.er x.a du 9 .du 9 : [x] x ina qid-da-a-tum utdnihi i4db he wanders around in dejection andmisery SBH p. 49 No. 24 r. 18f.; A .mu ur 5.ra.ba a.§e.er si.a.ba : libbi §a qi-da-a-timtdnita umalli my heart is dejected, he filled itwith misery 4R 21* No. 2:22f., see OECT 6 p. 2;§a.bi ur 5 .ur 5 .ra gil Am.d6.d6 : inalibbia qid-da-a-ti ilassi she cries out with a dejected heartSBH p. 83 No. 47:23f.; su.GAM.ma su.mu nu.ku d. da : qurri qid-da-a-ti ina zumrija la ipparsumadejectedness of heart does not leave my body4R 20 No. 1:7f.

HAR.RA // qid-da-te RA 13 29:19 (Alu Comm.,to Tablet LIV).

1. downstream, downward direction -a) downstream - 1' opposed to mdhirtu:kzma m qid-da-tim ana mdhirti NU GUR -rujust as the water (flowing) downstreamwill not turn upstream KAR 25 iii 7, seeEbeling Handerhebung 18, cf. [kima qid-d a-tum ana mdhirti la illaku UET 6 410:11,

qiddatu

see Iraq 22 222; [umma ana] ndri imqutmaana DA qid-da-ti (parallel: ana mahirti)[. . .] if he falls into the river and [drifts]downstream Dream-book 330:36; ana ndriturradma paniu ana qid-da-te (parallel:ana mdhirte) talakkan [.. .] you go downto the river and have him face downstreamAMT 74 ii 28; ana qid-da-at nari SUD youimmerse yourself (facing) downstreamSTT 64 r. 6 (SB namburbi), see Or. NS 36 1:5,cf. lumnua lu ana qid-da-tim-ma lu ana[.. .] Or. NS 42 509 r. 19, for other refs.see mdhiru adj. mng. 2b; DINGIR.ME§§a qid-da-ti u mahirti the gods of down-stream and upstream JNES 15 144:18 (lipurlit.).

2' other occs.: you put the figurines ina (model) sailboat ana qid-da-ti paniunutaakkan you place them facing down-stream Kocher BAM 323:86, see Farber Iitarund Dumuzi 211; GI.MA.ME§ zrdti epi4timdtifun ibnH nakli LLU.MA.LAH 4 .ME .. .ana qid-da-ti adi URU U-pi-a udqelp theyskillfully built superb ships according tothe practice of their lands, (and) sailors(from Tyre, Sidon, and Cyprus) sailed(them) downstream to Opis OIP 2 73:61(Senn.); i-na qi-da-at narim (in obscurecontext) RA 62 18:21 (OB let.); PN... anaqi(text di)-id-da-a-ti itetiq PBS 1/2 17:9(MB let.).

b) downward: §ammu iudtu ana qid-da-ti tes8r you apply this medicationrubbing downward AMT 74 ii 27, cf. Sepeiuina qid-da-ti tesr ibid. 29.

2. dejection(?): see bil. refs. in lex.section.

3. qiddat umi late afternoon, towardevening: lu ina Si-mi-tan lu-u ina qid-da-at UD-mi STT 69:23, but ina qid-da-dtu[D-me] ina qe[r-bet] u[D-me] (in brokencontext) Kocher BAM 151:57, also ina UD.GAM.MA ina qer-bit D-me LKA 133:3; inaSali mi ina UD.GAM.MA riksa . . tarakkas on the third day late in the after-noon you prepare the ritual arrangements

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qidduKocher BAM 323:17, cf. ina UD.§E.GA inaUD.GAM.MA 4 GI.DUg.ME ... tarakkas Or.NS 39 118:3, also (in broken context) inaUD.GAM.MA Or. NS 39 141:4 (SB namburbi);ina qid-[d]a-at UD-me qaqqara taabbifKAR 234 r. 3, cf. Kocher BAM 468:12; ina aliumi ina UD.GAM.MA tuegi i you take her(the figurine of Lamatu) away (from thesick man) on the afternoon of the thirdday 4R 56 ii 25, also 4R 55 No. 1 r. 25, 36,wr. ina qid-da-at ume KAR 239 iii 10 (allLamagtu).

4. (part of a pomegranate): qid-da-tua nurmi (among materia medica) RA 53 12

r. 5.

Ad mng. 2: compare the use of qaddduwith appu or letu to express dejection.

qiddu (qindu) s.; celestial vault(?); lex.*;cf. qadddu.

an.HI.u'rUmGAM, an.zi.sukud, u.gam = qi-id(var. in)-du (preceded by qadddu) Nabnitu XXII100ff.

qidlu (qudhu) s.; (mng. uncert.); SB.If a man KID-ha iptenerru keeps

vomiting q. Kocher BAM 75:6, cf. summaamzlu marta KID-ha lu-ba-[ta(?) .. .] if aman [vomits?] gall, q., .. . . Kiichler Beitr.pl. 16 ii 10 (coll.); hahhu u KID-hu mataigabbat CT 39 19:122 (SB Alu); ( NA 8aqid-ha GIG Kocher BAM 1 ii 41; SAG.KI.DIB.BA qud-hu u ra'ibi LBAT 1597 r. 2.

The reading of the occs. wr. KID-hu/hamay also be sahhu, and thus these refs.which refer to the symptom of a diseasemay have no connection with qud-hu (orthe other possible readings of the LBATref.), which designates a disease.

qilisitu (qillsdtu) s.; (a festival); Mari;WSem. word.

6 GUR MUNU 4 ana qerzt Itar u qi-la-sa-tim §a DN six gur of malt for the mealof Iitar and for the q.-festival of Itfir-MerARM 7 263 i 7, cf. inima qi-lu-sa-t[im]

qilpuARMT 11 68:8, inima qi-la-sa-tim ARM 1842:7.

For a WSem. etymology see Bottero,ARMT 7 343.

qilitu s.; (a plant); plant list.*U qi-li-tu, j qul-li-tu: j MIN (= epitatu) ina $i-

ba-ri Uruanna II 349 f.

qillu see qilu s.

qilpu s.; 1. skin, peel (of a fruit), 2.peeled-off piece (of plating), 3. peeled-off skin, 4. napless(?) cloth; OB, MB,SB, NB; wr. syll. and BAR; cf. qaldpu.

qi-il(var. -li) -pu = MIN (= qu-ba-tu) Malku VI37, also An VII 137.

1. skin, peel (of a fruit) - a) dateskin: qi-lip suluppz tasdk you crush dateskins (and make him drink it in beer)Kuchler Beitr. pl. 13 iv 46; qi-lip suluppi tasdkina lip tuballal Kocher BAM 159 i 25, cf.ina lipi u qi-lip suluppZ tuballal you mix(the other ingredients) with tallow anddate skins ibid. 152 iii 5, also ibid. 96 iii 9,104:72, 240:7, AMT 47,1:4, 80,7:4, 55,1:9, iname ndri u qi-lip zfr.LUM.MA tuballal KocherBAM 381 iv 27; 10 GfN BAR suluppi CT23 33 iii 11, dupl., wr. qi-lip Kocher BAM9:28, cf. AMT 64,3:7; 1 SILA qi-lip suluppiAMT 49,6 r. 1, cf. AMT 17,8:4, wr. qi-lipsuluppz Kocher BAM 394:20 (MB), and passimin med.; note: KU BAR ZtJ.LUM.MA pow-dered(?) date skin Kocher BAM 10:24.

b) other occs.: qi-lip e-el-li-bi-nu iname kasa taldA CT 23 32 iii 5 (= Kocher BAM480); ZfD.DA qi(?)-il(?)-pu BE 14 47:5.

2. peeled-off piece (of plating): qi-il-pi (in broken context) UET 4 143:16(NB list of gold and silver objects), see Oppen-heim, JCS 4 191.

3. peeled-off skin: kurkd bu'ura tatabsba . . . lipdSu u qi-il-pa 6a pisurriu te=leqqe ina iSdti turrar you slaughter a cagedgoose, you take its fat and the skin of itsgizzard (?) and char them (corr. to haab

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qiltupisurri u lip' u LKA 85:19) AMT 102 i 4(= CT 23 49 i 4), dupl. Kocher BAM 9:43, Jastrow,Transactions of the College of Physicians in Phila-delphia 35 (1913) 400:32; for qalapu said ofthe pisurru see qalapu mng. lb.

4. napless (?) cloth: see Malku, in lex.section.

Holma Korperteile 146; Kocher, AfO 20 158 f.

qiltu see qiStu A.

qiltu s.; (a lye plant), lye; NA.a) a plant from which lye is extracted:

6 NAGA(§E+SUM+IR) : qi(var. qi)-il-tu[m], 0 NAGA.SI, O SA.AD.GAL : T MINqar-ni Uruanna II 271-273.

b) lye: kdsu }a mall qi-il-te (the kingis) a cup which is filled with lye 4R 61 iv 52(NA oracles for Esarh.).

Compare possibly with baqiltu, q.v.

qiltu see qtu.

qilu adj.; prone(?); OA*; cf. qdluB v.qdbi watartim ... kima GI qi-i--<im> i-

qi-a-al (see qdlu B) Belleten 14 226 r. 7(Iriium).

qilu (or qillu) s.; (mng. uncert.); NA.The takkussu pipe of the divine emblem

ramanda tadde'ip .. . la hippu la qi-lum ula hipu ina libbia ki qi-lum epauni id=dalu etapu broke by itself, there wasno break, no defect(?), and no blister (?)in it, when they made the q., they madeit hastily ABL 997 r. 6f., cf. la hippu laqi-lum u la hipqu ina libbila ABL 1194r. 13.

qilfsitu see qildsdtu.

qilfttu s.; firewood, burnt material;MB, SB, NA; cf. qal v.

gi-bil KI.NE = qi-lu-ti Diri IV 280; gi-bi-il GIBfL= qi-lu-tum Sb II 40, cf. A 1/8:183; gi-bil GIBIL =

qimmatuqi-lu-tum(var. -ti) Ea I 351; gibil = qi-lu-t[um](in group with qal) Antagal F 54.

gil.gibfl = qi-lu-tu Hh. III 523; [gi§].gibfl,[gi8.gibf]l.ak.a = qi-lu-[tum] Nabnitu XXIII102 f.; [g]i-bfl GIA.GIBfL = qi-lu-tu Diri III 4;gig. '-bi'-iBIL = qi-lu-tum (followed by i$u kabbu,ioQu erru) Hh. VI 78; [gi-bi-i]l GI§.GIBIL = qi-lu-tu (in same context) Diri III 12; giiS.ma.nu.g-bilIBIL = qi-lu-tum, gil.ma.nu.gibil.ak.a= GI§.MA.NU qi-lu-te (var. MIN) Hh. III 163a-164,see MSL 9 161; gi.gibil = qi-lu-tu, gi.gibil.ak.a= MIN, mattalu Hh. VIII 83ff.; gi-gi-bil GI.GIBIL =gi-bil-lu-[u], qi-lu-[tum] Diri IV 211 f.

qi-lu-ti ina me tund[h] you quench thefirewood(?) with water LKA 20:32, cf.[INIM.INIM].MA 9a qi-lu-t[i .. .] ibid. 26;qi-lu-tam ana hurbdti tanaddima iballutyou throw the burnt ritual material(?)into the desert area and he will get wellKAR 267:11, dupl. LKA 85 r. 32, see TuLp. 138:11; uncert.: x flour r9al 2 qi-lu-ti(parallel: [] a na[pt]an line 3) PBS 2/267:2 (MB); house and garden KI qi-lu-tuina pan bdbi TCL 9 58:34 (NA); [ina q]i(?)-lu-te dBIL.GI gurrunu kurunna Bauer Asb. 272 K.5272+8466:8; rutibtu Ki-lu-tum (asname of a disease) AMT 74,1 ii 32, cf.GIG rutibte K[I-. . .] ibid. 34.

For CT 12 22a iii 17 (- A IV/4:210) see kil tuin bit kilti; in JCS 16 75 (- 63 K.8177) r. 2 theocc. of K[I(?)] -lu-ti is not certain.

qimitu s.; conflagration; SB; cf. qamdAv.

bitu .. . ina qi-mi-it (var. q[i-m]i-it)girri lu utalpit the temple was destroyedin a conflagration AOB 1 126:12, cf. ibid.130: 11 (both Shalm. I), also Borger Esarh. 3 iii 28;KI.IZI.§UB qi-mi-ti TCL 6 12 r. iv 1, seekimitu disc. section.

qimmatu s.; 1. hair of the head, 2.crown, top of a tree, a plant, 3. (infigurative use) top of a building, of anarchitectural element, part of the disk ofthe moon; Bogh., MA, SB; pi. qimmdtu;wr. syll. and SUHUR; cf. qamdmu.

suhur = qim-ma-a-t[u] Hh. II 282, su-hurSUHUR = qim-ma-tu (var. qi-ma-a-tu) Sb II 357,si-h[u-u]r SUHUR = qi-im-ma-tum Proto-Aa 809:1,

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qimmatu

in MSL 14 102; su-hu-ur SUHUR = [qi-im-ma-tu]Ea VIII 222; su-hur sU[HUR] = [qim-ma-tu] EaVIII Excerpt A r. 2'.

[na 4 .gl.bar.za.gin] = [gu-p]a-ru = qim-ma-tum Hg. B IV line n, in MSL 10 36.

gi..suhur.lA.giiimmar - qim-mat i-qi Hh.III 355, gi. suhur = qi-ma-tu ibid. 517; gi.suhur.pa. ir = qim-mat qa-ni-e Hh. VIII 161.

suhur edin.na pa nu.sig 7.ga.mu : a ...qim-mat-su ina eri arta la ibnil (tamarisk) whosecrown has not grown foliage out in the steppe (saidof Tammuz) 4R 27 No. 1:6f.

hur-da-ti I/ qim-ma-ti JNES 33 332:42 (NBmed. comm.).

1. hair of the head - a) in gen.: igbatqim-ma-ti (vars. [qim-mal-ti-id, qi-im-rma(text -ta)-til-ia) he seized me by thehair Gilg. VII iv 20, see Landsberger, RA 62129f., cf. qi-im-ma-[ti-ia . . .] RA 62 131r. 1 (Gilg. Megiddo); unassis qim-mat-su eluqerisu he tossed his locks back over hisshoulder Gilg. VI 2, cf. [1] inassisa qim-mat-su Gilg. VII iv 4; §a tunassisani qim-mat-ku-nu jdgi Maqlu VI 97; umma kigssuSUHUR x x x a... §a SUHUR qaqqadiguadi ki4ddiu ilt tma if his neck [is...]with hair, that (means that) the hair ofhis head as far as his neck is one KrausTexte 23 r. 9 (catch line) = 24:1, cf. Sa SUHURina muhhi ki4ddiu la igt that (meansthat) he has no hair on his neck ibid.24:6; I placed a substitute figurine ofmyself before you, gama§ aSum lumniSuShuti qi-m[at]-su ulahit in order tocause the evil afflicting me to be removedI had its hair removed Sweet, TSTS 1 7 r. 9.

b) representations: 13 heads of burhianimals qi-im-ma-tu-u-nu Sa NA4 .ZA.GINtheir manes of lapis lazuli AfO 18 304 ii 6,also ibid. 302 i 18 (MA inv.); [dN]isaba qim-mat-su GI.§UR.MIN lan[u] LKA 72 r. 10(symbolic representations of gods), cf. [dN isabaqim-mat-su KAR 307: 1, cf. panuka dSam-6uqim-mat-ka [...] KAR 102:10; see also(locks represented in lapis lazuli) Hg. B IV,in lex. section.

2. crown, top of a tree, a plant - a)in gen.: see Hh. III, Hh. VIII, in lex. sec-tion; Summa GI§.GI§IMMAR 5 SUHUR.BI

qimmatu

I[oi] if a date palm with five tops is seenCT 40 44 80-7-19,92+ : 11, dupl. ibid.45Sm. 1120:7,see Landsberger Date Palm 11 n. 19; §ummaGI§.GI§IMMAR SUHUR.LAL GAR CT 40 45K. 14159:3 (all SB Alu); ul 6amhat qim-mat-kayour top is not luxuriant (addressing theash tree) Lambert BWL 165:13; binu li:lilanni a qim-ma-td Sard may the tama-risk cleanse me, whose crown is luxuriantMaqlu I 21; a . . . iis88u ikciudu upularal[le] qim-mat-su ina eldti emdetu lame§a [Anim] (the mesu tree) whose root isfirmly planted in the depth of the netherworld and whose crown above touchesAnu's heaven Cagni Erra I 153; ina qim-ma-te GI (in broken context) KAR 25 iii 2.

b) in magic: ilissu u SUHUR-SU zi-mayou pull out the root and top (of thethornbush) Kocher BAM 248 iv 36, dupl. AMT67,1 iv 29; [lu GI§.fU].GfR lu GIS.KU NfG.NAM.MA qim-mat-su-nu [...] [you...]the top either of an a agu bush or of abox tree Or. NS 24 243 K.2415:7; §urateleqqe qi-im-ma-ta tutdrma eper tukattamyou take the root, you cover the crownagain with earth KBo 9 44 r. ii 16.

c) representations: qi-im-ma-te a lareinbe u pir'e the crowns (of the trees)with branches, fruit, and foliage AfO 18302 i 9; [ina] qi-im-ma-te a SAG.MESalamute in the crown of the top(s) of thealamute palm ibid. 11 (MA inv.).

3. (in figurative use) top of a building,of an architectural element, part of thedisk of the moon - a) top of a build-ing, of an architectural element: Babylon6a kima GI..GI§IMMAR qim-ma-td(var. -ti)uaSirihusuma ubbiluu a'[ru] whose top Imade as luxuriant as (that of) a date palmand which the wind has dried out CagniErra IV 40; (Borsippa) qim-mat-su urpakaJlid urSulu surFudu hesld aralli its topreaches the clouds, its base is firmlygrounded, covering (?) the nether worldZA 53 238:5; 4 qvumddtu Sa r81.TA.AM qi-im-ma-a-te [x KI] .MIN Sa 7.TA.AM q[i] -ma-

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qimmua-te [x KI].MIN a 6.TA.AM qi-ma-ra-telfour (column) capitals with eight q.-s each,[x] ditto with seven q.-s each, [x] dittowith six q.-s each AfO 17 146:13ff. (= VAS19 14, MA).

b) part of the disk of the moon: 6ummaSin inaIGI.LA-Su qim-mat-su [Iame dalhat]Bab. 6 120:5, restored from Summa Sinadirma qim-mat-su AN-e dal-hat BM 47447r. 9 (courtesy F. Rochberg-Halton), parallelsK.5908:8 and 9, K.7029:8, also STT 339 r. 18,(with fannat) ibid. r. 17.

In Dream-book 324 b 12, SUHUR AN§E is to beread mekku imeri, see mekk C.

qimmu s.; (mng. uncert.); NA.*4-tu Kti.GI issu A x-x ana tamlt Sa

piute fa qi-im-me §a nemedi one-fourth(mina) of gold from the .... house forthe inlay on the front of the q. of thecouch(?) Postgate Palace Archive 149:3; inaMN UD.16.KAM a arru [analqim-[m] i illiku LKA 73:1.

qinburu s.; (mng. uncert.); lex.*uzu.bar.kun = qin-[b]u-rum (between uzu.

bar.[64ah] = paru and uzu.bar.sig = kunillu)Hh. XV 288, also, with explanation karSu Hg. B IV64 and Hg. D 69, in MSL 9 35 and 38; kuA.[p]a.an.kun.x.da - qin-bu-ri (var. pa[r-r]iqi[n-x-x]) (preceded by uzu.bar.6 h = pdru)Hh. XI 274.

Probably a bristle, used also as a tool,see kunillu, and correct there mng. 3.

qindu see qiddu.

qinitu A s.; acquisition, property; NA;cf. qani v.

(you swear that) qi-ni-tu a unu iqnunitanaMdni you will not take away theproperty they have acquired WisemanTreaties 274; this lamb la ana qarti le'luala ana qi-ni-ti ei[lua] is not brought fora banquet, not brought for acquisition(but is brought for the ceremony ofestablishing the treaty between Allur-

qinnatunirari, king of Assyria, and Mati'ilu) AfO8 24 i 11; qi-ni-td Sa [PN] ana mdrtiui[ddinuni] property that PN gave to hisdaughter ADD 619:1; kiru ... PN... adiqi-ni-ti-iu ... ana .aparti Eakin theorchard, PN (his wife, sons, and daugh-ters) along with his (other) property isgiven as pledge ADD 66 r. 3, cf. (in brokencontext) adi rqil-ni-ti-iu gabbu ADD 652r. 5, see Postgate Royal Grants No. 6, also annituqi-ni-tu ABL 1287 r. 12.

See also kinajdtu.

qinitu B s.; concubine, second-rankingwife; lex.*

dam.tab.ba - [ er] -re-tum = qi-ni-tum Hg. A I10, in MSL 5 44; SAL.[...] = [q]i-ni-tum Lu Ex-cerpt II 24.

Possibly to be connected with qen, q.v.

qinnanzu see qinnazu.

qinnatu s.; 1. anus, buttock, 2. rear;from OA, OB on; wr. syll. and GU.DU,GU.DI, GtJ.DU.

u z u. murub x(SAL.LAGAB) = qin-na-tum Hh. XV24b; [mu-r]u-u[b] SAL.LAGAB = Su-uh-hu, qin-na-turn Diri IV 183 f.; SAL.LAGARq i-i n 'n a -tu m OB Proto-Lu 238; gu-du SAxSt - qin-na-tum Sb II 54;[gu.du.mu] - [qi-in-na-ti], [x.gu.du.mu] - [xx] qi-na-ti-ia Ugumu Bil. E 10f.; bu-ru v - qi-in-na-tum A 11/4:100.

[x].ib.igi.sa muen = bal-lu-?i-td = tu-bal-la-a qin-na-sa (see baldqu mng. 3b) Hg. B IV297, also Hg. C I 15, in MSL 8/2 170 and 172.

gu.du dur.dur.ru KA.gi KA.diri.ga ba.ab.tu m : [qin-na] -turn urrutam pu babbanutam ublamthe anus emitted much flatus, the mouth chatteringLambert BWL 251 K.5688:3.

GU.[DU] qin-na-tum Hunger Uruk 36:7 f. (comm.on Labat TDP p. 130f., see mng. lb); [MA.SI]L :qin-na-tum Leichty Izbu 233:11 (Izbu Comm.).

1. anus, buttock - a) in gen. - 1' ofhumans: qdbi watartim ... piu u qi-na-sQ i babbat he who tells an untrue word(the demon?) will seize his mouth and hisanus Belleten 14 226:41 (Iridium); tasnipappaka aq-qi-na-ti-ka you tied your noseto your buttocks RA 36 11:13 (Akk.-Hurr.bil.); imittau (mina KA-Ui 6umelu qin-na-

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qinnatuas-su tu-ad-as-bat-su you have (thefigurine) hold its nose (or: mouth) with itsright hand, its buttocks with its left VAT35:8 (unpub. inc., courtesy F. Kocher), alsoimittabu KA-Si umelu GU.DU-rsu DIB-suKocher BAM 323:42; §umma zuqaqpu GU.DIimitti4u KI.MIN (= izqut) if a scorpionstings him on the right buttock CT 3838:39, cf. (on the left) ibid. 40 (SB Alu); [.. .]AN.BAR bildni labtuqu ina qi-in-ne-te [§aLt.E]N.NAM laSkun (in broken context)CT 53 46:24 (NA).

2' of animals: Summa alpu zibbassui~zima GU.DU-8u ana paniu ibtalliq (var.ibtanallis) (see balaJu mng. 2) CT 4032:21, var. from ibid. 31 K.9014+ :16, cf.(obscure) Summa alpu §e-bi-in qi-in-na-tz [. . .] ibid. 30 K.4073+ :10; Summa kalbuana muhhi ameli GU.DU-U i-~cd-kil CT38 50:60, cf. 'umma lahtu ina askuppatibzt ameli GU.DU [. . .] ibid. 46:100 (all SBAlu); [umma] qi-in-na-tum il-ta-na-da-ad YOS 10 47:48, cf. ibid. 49 (OB behaviorof sacrificial lamb).

b) in Izbu, diagn., and physiogn.:Summa qi-na-tum imittam parsat if thebuttocks (of a baby) are divided on theright YOS 10 12:4 (OB); Summa izbu GU.DUla ilu if a malformed animal has no but-tocks Leichty Izbu XVII 46, also ibid. XII 62,III 76, II 16, cf. Summa qi-in-na-as-sz labaldt Labat Suse 10 r. 33; if a woman givesbirth and 4 GU.DU.ME§-§I (the child)has four buttocks Leichty Izbu II 28, cf. ibid.29, also 2 GU.DU-6u ibid. VIII 71; Summaizbu GU.DU-su pehiat if a malformedanimal's buttocks are closed Leichty IzbuXVII 45, also III 75, cf. Summa izbum qi-na-as-si pe-fhi(!)-a(!)l-at YOS 10 56 i 21(OB); [umma] izbu indu ina GU.DU-iuSakna if a malformed animal's eyes areon its buttocks Leichty Izbu X 57, cf. ibid.XII 7, XVII 72, also, wr. GO.DU XI 85;Summa izbu irriSu ina GU.DU-id ].ME§if a malformed animal's intestines pro-trude from its buttocks ibid. XVI 105;Summa sinnitu ulidma tB 1 [. . .] NIGIN-

qinnatuma G1.DU-u IGI if a woman gives birthand (the child's) left [. . .] is turnedaround and faces its buttocks ibid. II 17;Summa GU.DU imitti'u samat if his rightbuttock is red Labat TDP 130 i 32, cf. (withvarious colors) ibid. 33ff., also (with naphat) ibid.48, but GU.DU.MES-2i nuppuhu ibid. 49,(with suhhuta) ibid. 132:55, with comm. GU.DUimittilu Suhhu[tat] Sa malku ina muhhiiSahtu his right buttock is .... (ex-plained as) the skin over (it) is peeled offHunger Uruk 36:8f., cf. GU.DU.ME §- uSalma§a pitir[Su(?)] la ibii ibid. 9, also GU.DU-SU NU i -a Sa manzaltu la u4e[q'] (seemanzaltu B) ibid. 10, cf. also Labat TDP 132i 59f. and 236:51; Summa serru ummafumitharma tukulti qin-na-ti- i u uzneukad if the baby has a constant feverbut the .... of its buttocks and of itsears are cold Labat TDP 224:57, cf. ZAGGU.DU-6 u uzneu kad ibid. 244 D 10,cf. also ibid. 246:20f.; gumma Ser'dn GU.DUx [. .. ] (in broken context) Kraus Texte22 i 2 and 3.

c) in med.: t azupiru sI -: f qi[n]-na-ti : sdku ina famni padJu the green(of the) azupru plant is a medication forthe buttocks: to crush and to rub on withoil Kocher BAM 1 i 47; ina ubdnika rabiti§a umeli 14-Si GU.DU-8s talappat 14-Sqaqqassu talappat with your left thumbyou touch his buttocks 14 times, his head14 times Kuchler Beitr. pl. 1 i 16; TA GU.DI-S6 (in broken context) AMT 52,8:8.

d) referring to intercourse per anum:Summa amelu ana GU.DU mehriu ihe if aman makes sexual contact with therectum of another man CT 39 44:13, cf.Summa amelu ana SAL purqidam anaGU.DU illik AMT 65,3:7, also (with qiddatam,q.v.) ibid. 1; Summa amelu ana a4fatiSuGU.DU-ki bili iqtanabbi if a man oftensays to his wife: Present your buttocksCT 39 44: 14 (all SB Alu); entu aSMu la erSarqin-na-as-sa uAndk the entu priestessin order to avoid pregnancy will haveintercourse per anum CT 31 44 iv 11, also

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qinnazuBRM 4 12:32, dupl. Boissier DA 220:10 (SBext.).

e) in the name of a plant and a bird:qin-na-at an-di SAR "buttock of the slavegirl" plant CT 14 50:50 (NB list of plants inMerodachbaladan's garden); see also Hg., inlex. section.

2. rear - a) of an object: 1 i patumaar qi-in-as-su kaspa uhhuzu one quiver,the rear part of which is inlaid with silverJEN 527:29.

b) in topographical indications: a fieldina qi-in-na-at dimti a PN behind thetower of PN JEN 112:5, 144:8, 199:6, HSS 1963:7, and passim in Nuzi, note a qi-in-na-a[t] dimti a PN JEN 338:5, also JEN 354:9,wr. qi-en-na-at JEN 210:6, 263:4, etc., cf.ina qi-in-na-at kirt a PN JEN 346:7, inaqi-in-na-at magratti a PN JEN 259:6, inaqi-na-at tii JEN 176:9, also ina qi-in-na-at tili JEN 281:14, 524:12, HSS 194:17, [. .. ]qi-in-na-at ga-at-ti [.. .] TCL 9 36:2;obscure: a-na qi-in-na-at KUR.HI.A dUTUit-ta-zi-iz the Sun stood behind(?) themountains (corr. to §A.KUR.KUR.ME§ inthe Hitt. version) KBo 10 1:25 (Hattusilibil.).

For MSL 9 14 (Hh. XV) 288, etc., see qinburu.

qinnazu (qinnanzu) s. masc. and fem.;1. whip, 2. labor unit; from OB on;pl. qinnazdtu; wr. syll. (qinnanzu UngerReliefstele 5, Iraq 24 93:3) and KUA.USAN;cf. qinnazu in a qinnazi.

ku.-zua""UnsAN = [qin-na-zu] Hh. XI 223,restored from ku A. [usa n] = qin-na-zu = il-tuh-huHg. A II 179, in MSL 7 151; d-sa-an USAN = qin-na-zu Sb II 297; u-sa-anu[sAN](N[UNUZ+KISIMSXSA]),[MIN (?)] [NUNUZ+KISIM 5 xx] = [qin-na-zu] A VIII/4:137f.; u-sag NUNUZ+ABXX, NUNUZ+ABXLA(?)= [qin-na-zu] Ea VIII Excerpt A r. 9'f.

ta'irTAR = ta-ra-ku, duUbDtB = MIN M qin-na-zi,sig.ga = ma-ha-u Antagal III 212ff.

[.. .] = [mi-i-hi- qi]n-na-zu MSL 9 97:226 (listof diseases).

ku.usan.ta anle.kar.ra.ginx(oIM) su.zubi.in.dub.dulb.[x.(x)] : ina qin-na-zi kimaimiri munnarbi zumurka ui-ar-ri-[ip] I made yourbody burn with the whip like (that of) a runaway

qinnazudonkey CT 16 29:76f., cf. us n dub [...] (bil.proverb, Akk. broken) Lambert BWL 252 iii 9;ner.da.fl BAR gig tag.ga BAR ku.usan.tatag.ga : enda Serta sa ina GI§.TUKUL mahu(?)ina fq1i(var. qi(?))-na-zi laptu BiOr 30 165 i 31f.;dUtu nfg.erim kuA.usan.ginx im.ma.ra.an.guru d (NUN.KI) .ta : gama raggu kima qin-na-ziittarrakk[a] 0 Sama§, the evil man will be floggedas if with a whip on your behalf 4R 28 No. 1:15f.,see OECT 6 53; [u]san.sar.sar.ra : qin-na-azzaq-tum a barbed whip (has beaten me) BA 5639 No. 8:17f.; ku"usan gibil.zu gi'kak.a(var..ta) ha.ra.ab.sur 5 ku§usan sumun.zu gig.mud l6.la.a.bi dumu.gatam.e.ne (var.dumu.engar.kex(KID).ne) dug ha.ra.ab.ak.e : qi-in-na-az-ka eSet[um . . .] qi-in-na-az-kalabi[rtu ... mar ik-ka]-ri-im lu-u [.. .] let yournew whip hang (ready) on a peg, let the artisansrepair your old whip and the bindings of itshandle Bil. Farmer's Instructions 16f.; [ur.sa]gku.usan.bi zi.zi : qarradu a qi-na-as-su x-[. . .] 4R 24 No. 1:45 f., see Bollenriicher Nergal 25.

1. whip - a) in gen.: I sent a mes-senger to the king, my lord u attadin5 bilat siparri oGI ma-bu-ma 1 GIg.UsAN (?)/1 qi-na-zu presenting five talents ofbronze, a .... , (and) one whip (?) EA151:48; MUL.A.EDIN ... rqin-nal-[zu ina§]u imittilu nali dirrat qin-na-zi-u inamuhhi zibbat MUL.UR.GU.LA [x-alt thestar Erua holds a whip in its right hand,the lash of its whip [.. .]-s over the tailof the constellation Lion AfO 4 75 r. 2;for "lash" see also tamSdru; (Adad) ndiqi-na-an-zi Kt who carries the holy whipIraq 24 93:3 (Shalm. III), cf. [na-a-6]i qi-na-an-zi KO-te Unger Reliefstele 5, see Borger,Iraq 26 125; dAipu qin-na-za [imahhaq][E]N HUL.GAL HE.ME.EN imannu theexorcist cracks the whip and recites the(named) incantation LKA 108:6 (SB inc.),cf. the exorcist [... ina qij-na-zi imah:[hay] [sN HUL.G]AL HE.ME.EN imannuABL 24 r. 3 (NA), cf. also T(JG.SA5 KU§.USAN DUG.SILA.GAZ (in purification rit.)AAA 22 58:57; in transferred mng.: qi-in-na-az-ka tarik eli mdtim Adti your whipis cracking over that (enemy) countryLaessoe Babylon 42 SH 859+ :7 (Shemshara let.).

b) referring to flogging or whipping:Summa awilum lt aw'lim Sa eli~u rab

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qinnazu

imtaha ina puhrim ina KU§.USAN GUD 1gu-Si immahha, if a man strikes thecheek of a man of higher status, he will beflogged in public with sixty strokes of anox whip CH § 202:80; qin-na-zu(var. -zi)itanni maldt eill4tu the whip that struckme was full of thorns Lambert BWL 44:100(Ludlul II), cf. [z]iqtu u qin-na-zu (for thedonkey, in broken context) ibid. 210 r. 3;(a bull) ina hatfi mahi ina qin-na-zi lapithit with a stick, struck with a whip RAcc.10:6.

2. labor unit: awli wullirma ana qi-in-na-zi-6u-nu panitim lilliku release themen so that they can go to their formerwork unit Kraus, AbB 5 32:4; 2 KUS.USAN§uhmitam GUD.HI.A ina mdk KUT.USANriqu send me promptly two work teams,the oxen are idle for lack of work teamsYOS 2 116:7 and 9, cf. (in broken context)KU§ qi-na-za-tim VAS 16 50:29, KU§.USAN.ME§ ibid. 84:14 (all OB letters); PA.TE.SI ERfNKU§.USAN the farmers, the men belongingto the work units OECT 3 4:4, see Kraus,AbB 4 82; see also qinnazu in 4a qinnazi.

qinnazu in Ia qinnazi s.; member of awork team; OB lex.*; cf. qinnazu.

[16] .[us&nl = 9a qi-in-na-zi OB Lu A 312.

See qinnazu mng. 2.

qinni adv.; backward; NA.*

ahhekunu mdrekunu mdrdtekunu kiallutti ana qi(var. qi) -in-niS(var. qi-nil- i)lu-Id-di-lu-ku-nu (for luSdzlukunu) may(the gods) make you, your brothers, yoursons, and your daughters wander aboutbackward like a crab Wiseman Treaties 619,cf. narkabdtekunu ana q[i]-nil (var. qi-in-ni) lu-Id-di-lu ibid. 575; ndrdtekunuInekunu Ptf.ME9- i-na ana qi-in-nil lussahhiru may (the gods) make your rivers,your springs, (and) their wells flow back-ward ibid. 566; dilpi ibaAli ana qi-ni-iJillakuni do (our) efforts indeed go back-ward? ABL 740 r. 8, see Parpola LAS No. 258;referring to the retrograde motion of a

qinnu A

planet: §umma issu libbi GABA .a MUL.UR.GU.LA ana qi-in-ni issuhur if it (Mars)turns backward from the chest of LeoABL 519 r. 14.

The fact that in one case the word iswritten with the qi- sign, though else-where it is written with the KI sign,establishes the reading qinni; this read-ing would fit an etymological connectionwith qinnatu.

qinnu A s. masc. and fem.; 1. nest(of a bird, a snake), lair, 2. family, clan,kinsman; from OB on; fem. in mng. 2,pl. qinnui and (in mng. 2) qinnatu; wr.syll. and t.KI.sl.GA(.MU§EN); cf. qandnu.

[...] = [qin-n]u fa MU§EN Nabnitu XXII 77-80,t.KI.s1.(<IR>.GA.ts (?)1 = qin-nu qa-an-nu ibid. 85;(J.KI.S1.GA.MUSEN.gar.ra = qi-in-nu qd-an-n[u]OBGT XVII 10; (t.KI.sl.GA = qi-in(var. -i)-nu,hi-i-Su, ku-ma-a-,u Izi E 331ff.; gu-u[d] [t.KI.St.6A] = qin-n[u], hi-[Su], ku-ma-[fu] Diri IV 25ff.;[gi].t.KI.sI.TA = qin-nu, hifu Hh. VIII 115f.;gi.r.KI.si.GA = h~ u = qin-nu fa MU§EN.ME§,gi."'6r = adattu = MIN, gi.kid.m . .a = aSa[Su]= [MIN], gi.u§.gilim = u-Id-dS-tum = MIN Hg. B II19ff., in MSL 7 68; O*"JUKI.SI.GA = qin-nu,ab-"aLAGABXU+A = MIN .4 MU[§EN] Antagal D 72 f.;rtl.KI.st.GA = qin-nu Antagal F 230; 6m.[ur.r]e= nfg.ur = qin-nu Emesal Voc. III 123; mug.ghd = MIN (= ge-er) qin-nu (var. MU§ q[in]-ni)Hh. XIV 42; ab-lal LAGABXA+LAL = qin-nu §dMU§EN A I/2:287; ab-lal LAGABXA+LAL = [qin-nuSd MU§EN] Ea I 99, cf. [. .. ] [LAGABXKIN] =rqinl-nu ad MU§EN A I/2:336; ab-lalLAGABXA+LAL =qin-nu ad MUSEN Antagal E a 23.

gid dIM.DUGUD.MUSEN.da ba.ra.zi : ultuqin-ni Anzi itbima he rose from the nest of theAnzf bird CT 15 42 r. 5f., cf. ibid. 43 K.5187+ 16f.,see Wilcke Lugalbanda 96ff.:60 and 70; sim.mulen gid.bi.ta ba.an.ra.an.dal.dal.e.ne: sinuntu ina qin-ni-ad uSapraJu they make theswallow fly from its nest CT 16 9 i 36f.; muAen.bi gixd us.sa bi.in.Aub.ba.a : iaiurdtuSu qin-ni-fi-na idddma he dashed the nests of its (thetemple's) birds to the ground SBH p. 102 No.54:26f., dupl. Rm. 400:6f., cf. 6.a gld.bi.taba.da.an.ir : [.. .] ina qin-ni-ii <rli> idtalal hedespoiled the house of its nest ibid. p. 7 3 No. 41; 17 f.

qaninu, kumdqu = qin-nu Malku I 246f.

1. nest - a) of a bird - 1' in gen.:kima qin-ni udfni MU§EN ina qereb Sadedanna8sunu Jitkun (wr. GAR -un, var. [Sit] -

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qinnu Aku-nu) their fortress lay deep in themountains like the nest of an udinu birdAKA 270 i 49 (Asn.), cf. ihpi qi(var. adds-in) -na-ui-nu he wrecked their nest AKA271 i 51; (villages) a kima qin-ni eri gerubdndt GN adi litkunat lubassun OIP 264:16, cf. ibid. 71:38 and 36 iii 77 (Senn.); aarumdm ,eri la ibbaAg2 u iigur ame la i4ak-kanu qin-nu (the desert) where no wildanimals live and the winged birds do notbuild nests Streck Asb. 72 viii 110, parallel ibid.204 vi 32, cf. [i,-q]u-ur ina qi-en-ni-fu[...] (Hitt. parallel fragm.) KBo 12 72:3,see Laroche, RA 58 72; idtu kima(?) [...]aj <i>-tur ina qi-in-ni-6d may the firelike [a ... .-bird] not return to its nestUgaritica 5 17 r. 27 (inc.); see also lex. sec-tion; for qinna qandnu "to build a nest"see qandnu v.; Jumma surdi ina apti bitameli qin-nam erU ul4emma if, in thewindow of a man's house, an eagle drivesa falcon away from its nest CT 39 23:10(SB Alu), cf. t.KI.SI.GA (in broken context)RA 17 141 r. 5 (Alu Comm.); dribu qin-na-Iuispuh CT 41 1 80-7-19,167+ :14; pilzi t.KI.SI.GA.MU§EN Sa ina qaqqari tabku anegg from a nest that has spilled on theground AMT 17,5:2.

2' edible bird's nest (lit. swallow'snest): qin-na Sa sinunti . . . taqallu (asa medication) AMT 90,1 iii 8 (= Kocher BAM449 iii 8); qin-ni SIM.MAH.MUTEN tadk(for an ointment) Kocher BAM 248 iv 18.

b) of a snake: i qi-in-na-Su Salimmasapih qi-in-ni qf-in-ni erim damdmi ziwias for him (the eagle), his nest is leftintact, but my nest is scattered, theserpent's nest has become an object ofpity Bab. 12 pl. 14:15f. (OB Etana), cf. ibid.pl. 4:5f.; ina bdb qin-ni i[ttadi ippalis]e ruma qin-na-ii laJu at the opening

of the nest it (the serpent) threw (themeat) down, the serpent looked, but itsnest was no longer there Afo 14 305:9 f.,cf. (in broken context) ibid. 12 (all SB Etana);(j.SIKIL : A§ .UDU MU§ qin-ni UruannaIII 4, cf. L.UDU MUS.Y. <KI).S.GA.MU§EN :

qinnu At.SIKIL ibid. 569 (from Kocher Pflanzenkunde22 iii 23); dam MUg qin-ni Kocher BAM385 i 20.

c) of foxes and hyenas: see qandnumng. lb.

d) in transferred mng.: kima i.lurqin-ni (var. qi-in-ni) ana kdpi a add§UB(var. adds .§UB).ME§-ni like birdsto their nests they fled (?) to the mountaincliffs AKA 276 i 65 (Asn.), see also AKA271 i 51, cited mng. la; amminim inaqi-in-ni Sa la inneppi4u u eqlim kabittimina GN walbdt (see epedu mng. 2c (qinnu))ARM 1 18:19; for other refs. see qandnumng. la.

2. family, clan, kinsman - a) family,clan - 1' family of gods: Aisur aduqin-ni-iu DN 2 u DN 3 adu qin-ni-i-nu ildnirabzti ... adu qin-ni-di-nu §umu zeru . .§a sarri ... lupahhiru may Ag§ur andhis family, Bel and Nabfi and theirfamilies, the great gods and their familiesgather the sons and descendants of theking ABL 358 r. 17f., see Parpola LAS No. 122;may all the great gods ina qin-ni-iu-nuluSeribu introduce (the king's des-cendants) to their (the gods') families ABL6:27; Belet-il . . . qin-na ilkun a umkin-na-a-a-ti kima DUG4 -u "DN estab-lished a family," this has reference to therites (?) as they say (see kinajdtu usage b)CT 13 32 r. 13 (En. el. Comm., catch line).

2' human family: qi-in-ni qeher rabiamur a lumiunu rimanni consider mywhole family, show me mercy because ofthem YOS 2 141:14 (OB let. to a god), seevan Dijk La Sagesse 14; in personal names:Itti-Enlil-qi-in-ni CT 52 3:6, for other refs.see Stamm Namengebung 231; qi-in-ni laissappah (he said) my family shall not bescattered TCL 1 29:32, cf. qin-na puhurtausappiu Burpu II 53; be8u la i-sap-pu-huqin-na-ii la ip-pa-ra-ar-ru may his familynot be scattered, his clan not be dispersedIM 67692:340 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert);ina qin-ni-Su mitu imdt someone in his

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qinnu Afamily will die KAR 177 r. iii 17, parallelIraq 21 48:9; LUGAL ga-du qin-ni-i [imdt]BM 46239:21 (courtesy F. Rochberg-Halton); luina qin-ni PN ajumma a illdmma ina muhhieqli 6udtu idabbubu or someone in PN'sfamily who comes forth with a legal claimconcerning this field MDP 6 pl. 10 iv 9 (MBkudurru), cf. (rations) qin-ni PN PBS 2/295:2, 54, BE 14 91a:6, 14, Petschow MB Rechts-urkunden 50:11, 17, r. 9, and passim in MB rationlists, (in difficult context) Iraq 11 146f. No. 8:1, 8,r. 19, and passim in this text (MB), note: §E.BADUMU.ME§ qin-na-a-ti Petschow MB Rechts-urkunden 17:15; x gur barley PN imhurmaana qin-na-a-ti iddin PN accepted andgave to (members of) the clan BE 14111:7, cf. PN adi qin-ni-ii assuhamma inaqereb GN u6eib I deported PN with hisclan and settled them in GN Winckler Sar.pl. 32 No. 67:56, also Lie Sar. 90, cf. §d uqadu qin-ni-§u ka[mss]unu ue.d unutiibid. 73, cf. ga-du qin-ni-'u (in brokencontext) K.9952 r. 3, cited Lambert BWL 297;ahheu qin-nu-i zer bit abiTu u§amqituina kakke I struck down his brothers,his kinsmen, (all) the members of hisfamily Streck Asb. 24 iii 10, cf. 28 iii 61, 34 iv 23,130:56, 174 No. 2:5 (= Bauer Asb. 2 51), cf.Wiseman Treaties 77, 115, 215, 337, also issimdreu ahheu qin-ni-§u zer bit abilu ibid. 4var. (from No. 43:5), cf. (in broken context) BorgerEsarh. 102:24; ildni u ummalu ahdtifu a =Sassu qin-nu-Su nile GN kalamu his gods,his mother, his sisters, his wife, his family,all the people of GN Streck Asb. 72 ix 4,parallel ibid. 198 iii 6; mdrdt arrdni ahdt§arrdni adi qi-in-ni mahriti u arkti aSarrdni Elamti the female members of theroyal family, together with all the Elamiteroyal family (lit. the ascending and des-cending lines) Streck Asb. 56 vi 82, also AynardAsb. 56 v 57; ina pi Sa abija assem[e] kiqin-nu kentu attununi u andku imd idadtamar I heard my father say that youare a loyal family, and now I know itfrom my own experience ABL 6:16, cf.aniTnu adu qin-ni-ni Sumu a ildni rab2ti. .. nualla we, including our family, will

qinnu Apray to the name of the great gods (forthe life of the king) ibid. r. 3; naphar27 napSdti adi eqletiunu adi bitdti4unu adikirdtiunu adi alpe6unu adi emmerieunuadi qin-ni-di-nu in all, 27 people withtheir fields, houses, orchards, with theiroxen (and) sheep, with their clan (mem-bers) ADD 59:10; PN S[AL].ME- i U qi-in-nu-4u issu libbi Sa LO Puquddi ittasahPN has taken his wives and his familyout of the Puqudu tribe ABL 896:15 (allNA); mindema ana muhhi Lf~ qin-ni-iinehhis[u] perhaps he will return to hisfamily ABL 559 r. 4, cf. ibid. r. 8 (NB), cf.sdbe ina libbisunu iba4i §a ana muhhi Liqin-na-ti-Id-nu imqutini ABL 920:14; PNu Lt qin-ni-Su ... ana panika ihtalquniPN and his kinsmen have fled to youBM 99020 r. 8 (= CT 54 580), cited DietrichAramaer 164; memeni issu libbi qi-in-na-te§a Ninua labirute lau none of them isfrom an old Ninevite family ABL 1103:7,see Landsberger Brief n. 114; PN U PN 2 U 12ERfN.MEA L qin-nu a RN PN and PN2and twelve people of the clan of RN (theking of Elam) ABL 478 r. 5; PN adi Ljqin-ni-u u Lf arami§u ina libbi uSe Mibhe settles PN with his clan and his (other)Arameans there ABL 542 r. 7; aalamtu aqin-ni-id kalbdni la ikkalu (see kalbumng. la) UET 4 190:13; fPN u LJ qin-ni-Su niSe bitija PN and her family, myretainers BE 8 2:5, cf. TCL 12 32:9 and 28(all NB); PN qin-ni §a bit PN 2 PN, a kins-man of the PN2 clan ADD 889:4 (= ABL877), and passim in this text, also ADD 891:10,r. 3; ummaiu a46assu mareu u L qin-na-d-il gabbi kz ikmesu when he hadgathered his mother, his wife, his sons,and all (the rest of) his family ABL 281:8(NB); Lj qin-nu annri a bit abiu Sa PN§unu ahheunu mdreunu [x].ME ahdtisSunu this family is PN's ancestral family,

they, their brothers, their sons, the [.. .]of(?) their sisters ABL 1074:8 (NB); 2(!)-taSina L qin-na-a-te a URU GN isst LJqin-nu paneda ana pan Sarri belija iss&tmaLj qin-nu la paneka ABL 685:21 ff., cf. La

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qinnu B

qin-nu annitu a la tamagguruni isseni latallakanni nidu[ak] ibid. 24 (NA).

3' pack of animals: qin-na-a-ti-ii-nuuparrir [...]-nu bal4uti uwabbita inaqd[tija] I broke up their (the lions') pridesand personally caught their [cubs] aliveBauer Asb. 2 88 K.2267+ r. 12, cf. ina qi-ni-kabarbar ibbani [.. .] in your pack, wolf,was born [.. .] Lambert BWL 198 r. 13.

b) kinsman: 7 qi-in-nu fa PN sevenkinsmen of PN (after a list of persons)PBS 13 64:8, cf. naphar4 qin-niPN (addingup PN2, his mother, his brother, and akallatu) BE 14 126:7, cf. AfK 2 63 r. 1 and 6;(after a list of names) naphar 30 qi-in-nupzhat GN in all thirty members of theGN district PBS 2/2 100:18 (MB); 300 qi-in-na-a-te(var. adds .MEA) bele hzti §alibbi4u 5a ana DN la kanu issuha amhuruhe deported three hundred clansmen ofthe rebels from there who had not sub-mitted to AStur, (and) I received themfrom him AKA 81 vi 31 (Tigl. I), cf. [.. .Lqi]n-na-a-[ti §a Tammaritu] AfD 8 198r. 17 (Asb.), cf. also Tammariti ... Ltqin-na-di ABL 284:11 (NB), also ibid. 8; PN... itti 17 qin-ni- i zer bit abiu PN with17 of his kinsmen, members of his familyStreck Asb. 206 No. 9:7; PN ... u qin-ni-u5-u-Ul RA 16 125 i 18 (NB kudurru); L qin-nu §a PN ABL 906 r. 12, 5 Lt qin-na-iiABL 913 r. 8; 2-ta LO qin-na-a-ta a LtjTemaja ultu Eridu ihtelqu two clansmenof the Tema tribe fled from Eridu UET4 167:5, cf. 2 LO qin-na-ati u napulti . .ihtabtu u ihtelqu ABL 1000 r. 3, 30-S~-nuLf qin-na-a-ta ki ihliqu ABL 258:8 (all NB).

For VAT 9541 ii 18f. (= Ea VII Excerpt 28f.)see kinu. In WZKM 55 59:5 (= Iraq 31 9:5) readukinnu libna[su]. In LKA 144:10, dupl. KAR 92r. 21, etc., read e-mat zI-tim, see Farber Itar undDumuzi 229:15'.

qinnu B (or kinnu) s.; (mng. unkn.);Ur III (Akk. lw. in Sum.).

29 shekels SID tiig.guz.za 3.s ub.bi 8 qin.nu.um.bi 2 TuM NF 1-2 222:3.

Waetzold Textilindustrie 125f.

qiptuqin'u see qiu.

**q/kipanu (AHw. 922b) is a geogra-phical name, see Fales, RSO 45 21 if.

qiptu s.; 1. belief, trust, 2. office,position, 3. an amount of silver entrustedto an agent for buying goods to be soldon consignment, or the consigned goodsthemselves, on which interest is notcharged until a particular (usually un-specified) period has elapsed; from OA,OB on; OA pl. qi-pd-a-tim (CCT 4 22b:48);cf. qdpu A.

HAR.ra = hu-bul-lu, e.se.d6.a = hu-bu-ut-ta-tum, Au.6 = qi-ip-tum Hh. I Iff.; e. HAR.ra =e-im hu-bul-lum, A e. e . d . a = MIN hu-bu-ut-ta-

turn, e.§u.1A = MIN qip-tum Hh. II 108ff.; u.1U= qi-[ip-tu], m .nu. tuk = $i-ib-t[a ul i-Si], gu.1ma.nu.tuk = qip-tu [qi-ib-ta ul i-Si] (precededby [qa-a-pu]) Ai. II i 76ff.; HAR.ra [nu.me.a]Au.l1[A.96] = ul MIN (= a-na hu-bu-ul-li) a-na qi-ip-ti Ai. II i 64; Au.l1, gu.pi.el.l1, Ae.bal,gbb.gi.na = qi-ip-tum (vars. qip-tu/tum) NabnituJ 82ff.; gizkim.ti = MIN (= qa-pu) fa qi-ip-tim(var. a-wa-ti) Nabnitu J 76; gizkim.t[i.la.e]= a-na qip-ti Ai. II i 66; giz-ki-im IGI.DUB = it-tur, qi-ip-tum, tu-kul-tum Diri II 100ff., cf. IGI.DUB = it-turn, tu-kul-tum, [qi-ip] -tum Proto-Diri107-108a; IGI-iz-ki'imDUB = it-tun, qip-t[um], tu-ku[l-tum] Izi XV ii 21ff.; [sila.gal].la = ba-ab-tu, qi-ip-tu Ai. III i 48f., [sila.gal.la.ni] =[b]a-ab-ta-§u, [qi]-ip-ta-Iu ibid. 52f.; [...] = qip-ti (in group with hdb-bu-ul-lu, hu-ub-ta-td, u-pil(text -AIM)-td) VAT 10426 i 35 (Erimhus a).

[GAR] // MIN (= nasd8hu) 9d ter-ti /ter-ti // qip-tiUET 4 208:1 (comm. to Nabnitu XVIII).

1. belief, trust: 6umma a bulul asiparri Sdu ana qip-ti la ta4akkan if youdo not believe (the story of) the castingof this bronze OIP 2 141 r. 5 (Senn., coll.W. G. Lambert).

2. office, position: a DN DN 2 u DN3 uDN 4 qi-ip-ti dumqi u mefre i4rukilu (theaddressee) upon whom Anu, Enlil, Ea,and Belet-ili have bestowed an office(which will bring him) good fortune andwealth BE 17 24:7 (MB let.); the man whosacrifices to his god is happy qip-tu eliqip-tu (var. qi-ip-tu ana muhhi qi-ip-tu)ippuS he will hold office upon office

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qiptuLambert BWL 146:57 (Dialogue), of. qip-tamippu. Kraus Texte 24:21 and r. 10; qip-ta-Jiatammah I will seize his office LambertBWL 32:61 (Ludlul I); Lt ina qi-ip-ti-idnasdhi to expel the man from his office(parallel: L ina manzdziSu nashi line 49)BRM 4 20:50, see AfO 14 259, and see UET4 208:1, in lex. section; qi-ip-ti ina GNlu taddinani you (pl.) should have givenme a confidential position in Elam ABL1380 r. 14; 1-en ruby 6arru luSenni la qip-ti-Id lupettulu let the king again removea prince from his office ABL 1006 r. 2(NB, = Thompson Rep. 268); note as Akkado-gram in Hitt.: LO QI-IP-TU Friedrich Staats-vertrage 2 192.

3. an amount of silver entrusted to anagent for buying goods to be sold onconsignment, or the consigned goodsthemselves, on which interest is notcharged until a particular (usually un-specified) period has elapsed - a) in OA- 1' silver: 20 mana kaspam lu a qi-ip-ti-a lu <Sa> naruqqija lu ina lu-qu-ti-aPN na'akkum PN is on the way to youwith twenty minas of silver belongingpartly to my q., partly to my businesscapital, and partly to (the proceeds fromselling) my merchandise RT 31 55:4, seeVeenhof Old Assyrian Trade 80; kaspum a qi-ip-ti-6u anndnum u alldnu[m] eqlam anaSumi[I]u ettiq the silver belongs to hisq., from here (Kanig) and from there(Assur) it will travel overland in his nameTCL 19 54:9; i-ia qi-ip-ti-ka kaspam 30MA.NA lebilamma zimam la'amakkumsend me thirty minas from (the silver) ofyour q. and I will make the purchase foryou TCL 4 29:35; [x ]Ia qi-ip-ti-im 29-ni-[Ju][...] (in broken context) RA 59 162 MAH19601:14, see also kaspam a qi-ip-ti-aCCT 3 8b:34, cited qiptu in bil qpti; kaspamu hurdqam mala itu GN uebbulunikkuntini ana a qi-ip-ti-a uknama deposit(pl.) all the silver and the gold that theywill send to you from GN to (the silver)of my q. BIN 4 52:7; collect all this silver

qiptuand enclose in a case your contract madeout for twelve hamutu periods ina (uppimqi-ip-tum lu waddu in the contract itshould be indicated that it is a q.-trans-action BIN 6 55:14; iSteniO 30 mana k[as] =pum qi-ip-ti PN ril-kaspim qdti laknat inall thirty minas of silver is PN's q., Ihave first claim on the silver ibid. 31:12,cf. kaspum annm .a qi-ip-tPN ina kaspimqdti Saknat TCL 19 69:11; x kaspam ku=nukkzija a qi-ip-ti-Su §a PN x silver undermy seals, belonging to PN's q. RA 59 22MAH 16207:2, cf. ibid. 25 MAH 16204:3.

2' merchandise: a qi-ip-ti-ni PN anaHattim ubil ... a luqtim annitim xkaspam... iaqqal PNtookto GN(xtin andx kutdnu textiles) of a q. entrusted to us,for these goods he will pay x silverICK 1 162:3; ina luqutim annitim 6alSd=turn tadmiqtum a abini §ittum qi-ip-ti of this merchandise one third isour principal's tadmiqtu loan, the restis my q. RA 60 111 MAH 19615:13, cf. 7MA.NA AN.NA 4 TOG u-ru-tum 1 emdrumaldmum , MA.NA Kt.BABBAR U wardum

ina Sa qi-ip-ti-a BIN 6 80:46, cf. ibid. 27;umma Aitma la ana qi-ip-tim addi4inaaAlumi ana qi-ip-tim taddinuginani u x GfNtaddiMina he (said): I did not give them(the textiles) on consignment. Becauseyou gave them on consignment, you gavethem for(?) x shekels (of silver) BIN 626:17f.; a Kt.BABBAR 10 MA.NA qi-ip-tdmqi-pd ana ime qi-ip-tim tamkdram ta-qi-puSa Kt.BABBAR 10 MA.NA U jAti dinammaina reA qi-ip-tim a taddananni 10 oURUDU masiam ina GN ana a kima kudtiladdinma URUDU ana GN2 lerubma KtO.BABBAR 1 mala imagguru ana A lim ebilma6imam a[na] qi-ip-ti-a i-na bi-ti-kd li-iS-<4>-mu-[nim] ezib ana awitim annitimmugrannima KT.BABBAR I GIN Sa i[naeqlim] ammuru adi atta sahrdtini nabrztamannztam ina GN3 ana qi-ip-ti-a labrmagive ten minas of silver's (worth) ofmerchandise on consignment and give melikewise ten minas of silver on the same

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qiptuterms on which you gave the consignmentto the tamkaru. Immediately after yougive me the consignment, I will give yourrepresentatives in GNten talents of refinedcopper, and the copper should enter GN2,and send however much silver they agreeon to the City (i.e., Assur), (with it) theyshould make purchases for me in your firmto be my q. Never mind! Give me yourcooperation in this matter and for everyshekel of silver that I realize abroad, aslong as you stay there, I will use only myq. for my food expenses in GN 3 VAT9301:33-47; ula zmam addinakkum ula qiptar a-qi-ip-kd kaspam qarrupam addinak=kum I did not give you merchandise nordid I give you a q., I gave you refined silver(onloan) BIN638:11; XM[A.NA K.BABBAR... ]. a qi-ip-ti-u §a ana 60 h[a]mLtim[q] i-pu-Su tuppum ina [~] lidnimma ibaMitwenty minas of silver from the consign-ment that he gave him (payable in) sixtyhamuttu periods, there is a document(concerning it) in the chest BIN 6 80:27,for other refs. with qdpu see qdpu A v.mng. 3.

b) in OB: qi-ip-ta-am [b]abtam um=midnum ul ilammad i-qi-pa-am izzibammaana g4Simma illak u iturramma K1 [i.LA] .Ethe creditor will not recognize lossesarising from a q. or an outstanding debt -if he (the debtor) entrusts (the silver)for trade or lends it (to a third party),it is at his own risk, and at the end ofhis business trip (lit. he will go and return)he will repay the silver TIM 3 124:7, cf.ba-ab-ta-am qi-ip-tdm um-mi-nu-um ula[ilammad] Tell Asmar 1930,498:7 (courtesyR. Whiting); x K1I.BABBAR KI.BABBARNAM.TAB.1BA(!) 1.NI.§ . ... PN... §U.BA.AN.TI . . . ana qi-ip-ti-im PN2 [u] la awassuPN received x silver, silver for a partner-ship, PN2 (the creditor) is not involved in(a loss caused by) the entrusting (of thesilver) (by PN to a third party) PSBA 33pl. 36 No. 11: 10 (all partnership contracts); 1 MA.NA kaspam qi-ip-tam inannama taddinam

qiptunow you have given me one mina of silveras a q. CT 29 39:8 (let.); ana quhdrija klamtaqbi umma attama harpi6 ul tublanimmaana qi-ip-tim ul addimma ana imim annimul uabli you said thus to my employee:You (pl.) did not bring (the dates) to meearly (enough) for me to give (them) onconsignment (in time), so I could notproduce (the profit) until today VAS 1690:10 (let.); fumma sdbitum i ten pihamana qi-ip-tim iddin ina ebirim 50 SILAle'am ileqqe if a woman tavern keepergives one pitcher of beer as a q.-loan shereceives fifty silas of grain at the time ofharvest CH § 111:47; aSlum 60 §E.GURa PN quharum 9a PN2 <ia> ana qabe PN3

PN4 ana qi-ip-tim ilq2 concerning the sixtygur of barley belonging to PN, the em-ployee of PN2, which PN4 received as q.on orders from PN 3 BE 6/1 103:6, cf. Ie'amtaddina ... ana qi-ip-tim addimma ibid. 17;x OUR ZfZ.AN.NA qi-ip-tum x GUR ZIZ.AN.NA qi-ip-tum NIM.KI.MA (adding up itemsof a list) CT 6 39a:25f., cf. ibid. 2f., 6f., 12,19f., see Leemans The Old Babylonian Merchantp. 33.

In OB loan contracts formulated inSumerian, the short-term loan called u.1 normally bears no interest, e.g., x ginku.babbar x §e u.la ki PN.ta PN2Au ba.an.ti ki.iti.§e sig7.lam. 6... e i.Ag.e Kienast Kisurra 11:2, also14:2, 16:2, also x ku.babbar x §e 9u.1l.ie8 ki PN PN2 Au ba.an.ti mu.tumu 4.burux. 6 e.bi i kfi.bi i.lA.e BIN2 74:2, UET 5 381:2, Kienast Kisurra 58:1, cf.(without repayment clause) PBS 8/2 263:3, FrankStrassburger Keilschrifttexte 30:2, also x klu.babbar 6u.lA TCL 10 53:2, x §e.gur§u.l1 UET 5 376:2, etc., wr. Au.1&.aKienast Kisurra 27:2, YOS 14 183:2, (to berepaid in e.gi!.i) YOS 5 147:2; exception-ally in Elam: 5 GIfN kaspam SAG SU.LAKI PN PN2 ilqe MDP 23 190:4. It is oftenspecified as §u.l1 m& nu.tuk "it is a§ u.l, it bears no interest," e.g., OECT8 12:3, YOS 5 128:2, 136:2, YOS 8 21:2, 135:2,

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qiptu

155:2, 171:2, TCL 11 227:2, VAS 9 51:1, JeanSumer et Akkad 186:2, Grant Smith College 255:2,PSBA 39 pl. 5:2, UET 5 369:2, 370:2, etc., (withmA nu.ub.tuk) PBS 8/2 30:2, PBS 8/1 118:2,122:13, 2 gin ku.babbar mA .nu.tukSU. 1 . § 9 RA 54 22 No. 28:2, and (with interestaccruing if payment is delayed) UET 5 364:2,365:2. Interest is, however, stipulated in[x] GfN [Kt.BABBAR] §U.[LA] ... .umkaspam irrilu§u KYT.BI U MA§.BI 1.LA.EYOS 8 24:2; barley §U.LA.KE (referred to ashubuttatu line 7) VAS 9 120:1. Note thewritings (error?): SU.LA PSBA 33 pl. 47No. 29:2, SU.LA.§i YOS 14 94:2, 132:3,143:2, ZU.LA.Sf TCL 1113:2.

In [q]i(?)-ip-ti mdti irappi madr a inamdti [ibaAzi] the .... of the countrywill grow, wealth will be in the countryACh gama§ 11:71, the reading of the firstsign is uncertain.

In BRM 4 13:46 (SB ext.), LAL.MEA-§U LAL.ME-iuf-nu LAL.ME§ is to be read kamitu < ukdmi4unu ikammii, see kami B adj. usage b. InVAS 16 157:21 (coll. R. Frankena, AbB 6 157)a personal name occurs.

Landsberger, MSL 1 115. Ad mng. 3: LarsenOld Assyrian Caravan Procedures 73 f.

qiptu in bel qipti s.; owner of merchandisegiven on consignment; OA*; cf. qdpu A.

umma kua'am la (tic>-fe-ba-lam kas:pam §a qi-ip-ti-a u nakram §a PN ue-bilakkunni luqutam zakkiamma abkammaannakam li emma bb harrdnija be-el qi-ip-ti-a la ikallema la ahalliq if you do notsend your (goods) to me, clear both thesilver from the goods consigned to meand that (from) outside (sources) whichPN sent you, (invested in) merchandise,and dispatch it so that it will be "heard"here, and at my departure my creditorwill not hold me back and I will not perishCCT 3 8b:40f., see Larsen Old Assyrian CaravanProcedures 163 ff., cf. luqutum . .. ina harrdnim lamhurlima annakam li4lemma be-el qi-ip-ti-a bdb harrdnija &a qdtdtim laerriSzma la abdS let me receive the goodsduring the trip so that it can be "heard"

qipuhere and the owner of the merchandiseconsigned to me will not demand aguarantor from me at my departure and Iwill not be humiliated ibid. 12f.

qiptu in bit qipti s.; (mng. unkn.); NB*;cf. qdpu A.

isirtu a ina muhhi gi4ri u kdri ereduu elU A qip-tum a PN Idkin temi GN faina pan PN 2 collection (of the toll fromboats) at the bridge and the harbor, goingdownstream and upstream, (payable) atthe bit qptu belonging to PN, the governorof Babylon, which is at the disposal ofPN2 Pinches Peek 18:2, dupl. TCL 13 196:2.

qipu (fem. qptu) adj.; 1. trustworthy,trusted (person), 2. in la qipu un-believable (occ. in personal names only);from OAkk. on; cf. qdpu A.

A A.tam = el-[lu], eb-[bu], qi-[i-pu] Lul 135k-m;[lii.AA.tam (or 16i.tam.ma)] = [q]i-i-pu, ebbumOB Lu B v 31 f.; A-tam LUL = el-lum, eb-bu, qi-pu-um A VII/4:131ff.; [ta-am] UD = el-lum, eb-bu,nam-rum, qi-i-pu, ki-i-nu A III/3:42 ff.; . tam =qi-pu, A.tam.nu.gub, ki.gizkim.ti.la = la-aqi-pu Nabnitu J 79ff.

SA. taamTAM = qi-[il-pu Izbu Comm. 422.

1. trustworthy, trusted (person, insubst. use): qi-pu-um Sa mdtim nakartimx x ma(?)-ti-i-ka ta-ri-du-ta-am illak atrusted man of an enemy country will gointo exile .... YOS 10 40:25 (OB ext.), cf.(in broken context) LUGAL SAG-ii qi-pu-f]ii [. .. ] BRM 4 22 r. 22 (SB physiogn.);[Sarru ina ekalliu ui]tassar qi-pu-t inaekalli MAN.ME§ KAR 384(!) (p. 342) r. 26(SB Alu), also qi-pu-tu ina ekal arri i annACh Supp. Sin 30:36, note L(.MA.TIL.LA KIL(j.MA.TIL.LA KU BE.ME (with comm.)Lf.MA.TIL.LA = kabtu, Lft.MA.TIL.LA =rub 2R 47 i 16f.; PN Iaknu rab a GNqi-pu Semi piriSti a RN DAFI 6 102 No. 6seal (MB Elam), cf. lii. u.kin. g6.lugal.a.na = 6em pirilti betliu OB Lu B v 26;qi-ip kabtuti rdS baniti (see bandtu) BE17 24:4 (MB let.); see also lex. section.

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qipu2. in la qipu unbelievable (occ. in

personal names only): La-qi-pu-um RTC249 ii 9 (OAkk.), also La-qi4 -ip UET 3 No.969 seal, for other refs. see MAD 3 222; La-qi-pu-um CCT 6 35a:8, ICK 1 191:15, and passimin OA, also La-qi-ip BIN 4 168:4, and passimin OA, see Stephens PNC 54; La-qi-pu-umTCL 18 119:10, UET 5 306:9, cf. La-qi-ipibid. 168:9, and passim in OB; La-qi-pu BE 15188 iii 21, and passim in MB, also fem. fLa-qi-ip-tum, fLa-qip-tum CBS 9803 and 3459:5,cited Clay PN 102; for MA see Saporetti Ono-mastica 1 299, also ADD 160 r. 3, and passimin NA; La-qi-i-pi Camb. 225:21, and passimin NB, wr. La-a-qi-pi YOS 6 151:7, La-qipBIN 1 99:17, PBS 2/1 53:17, and passim, Wr.La-qip-pi Dar. 231:11, fem. 'La-qip-tumVAS 6 171:7, VAS 5 20:5, Nbn. 648:2.

Stamm Namengebung 252.

qipu (qepu) s.; 1. official, 2. admini-strator of a region, a city, a temple (asspecific title); from MB on; Ass. q&pu,pl. (MA, MB, early NA, early NB) qputu,(later NA, NB) qipdni; wr. syll. andLtJ.TIL.(LA.)GID.DA (Ltj.TIL.LA.AN.GfD.DA VAS 6 155:4), Ltj.MA.TIL.LA (A 3658r. 8, NB); cf. qdpu A.

lii.ti.la.gfd.da = qi-i-pu Antagal A 152;giskim.ti.la = qi-i-pu 5R 16 iii 40 (group voc.),and dupl. Sm. 1519 r. 6'; LJ qe-e-pu, L.TIL.G D.DA Bab. 7 pl. 5 iii If., see MSL 12 238, alsoibid. 235 v 3f.

1. official - a) in MB letters: whenwill they redig (the canal)? qi-ip-kaajimma ul imur none of your q.-s checked(on it) BE 17 46:17; belz ana Gtj.EN.NA-ki liqbima ana qi-pu-ti ligpurunimma . ..erelu la imafti my lord should give ordersto the governor that they instruct theq.-s (to provide water) so that the cultiva-tion will not suffer ibid. 40:25; qi-pu-tiardika lu Ta Nippur Dir-Kurigalzu u URU.ARAD.GA§AN ina muh dulli karinSunti he(the Lf.S8AG.LUGAL) hinders the q.-s, yourservants, in their work, whether fromGN, GN 2 , or GN3 ibid. 13:6; qi-pu-tu a L(T.OAL.ME§ arki beli[ja] k illiku' ultu 5 ium

qipuk ihhis ni because the q.-s of the highofficials went (on the journey) after mylord, because they returned after five daysIraq 11 149 No. 14:7; hirgald ana qi-pu-tilit-bu-uk(?)-ma [zfD].DA likeld Aro, WZJ8 565:26; a andku q-i-pu la [.. .] (inbroken context) PBS 1/2 18:13.

b) in MA, early NA: summa qi-pu-tu.ME§ ann2tu la iqfibiu hza inaiu if theseofficials (i.e., the 9a muhhi ekalli, theherald of the palace, the rab zdriq, and thephysician for the inner quarters) do notreport (an uncastrated court attendant),they are held responsible AfO 17 276:51,cf. (in similar context) ibid. 278:55, 286:101 (MAharem edicts); * umma a [rab ek]alli qi-pu-tu-Su.ME§ ana iddi ekalli la ittulu if theofficials of the chief palace overseer do notcarefully inspect the entire extent of thepalace ibid. 288:109; PN takin mdti URU.§X.URU PN 2 Sa muhhi dli qi-pu-tu a kisirtePN, the governor of Assur, (and) PN2, incharge of the city, are the officialsresponsible for the quay embankmentKAH 2 83 r. 21, and dupl. KAH 1 24 r. 17 (Adn.II); all those who have a right or claimto the property tuppateunu luelianimmaana pani qi-pu-u-te lilkunu should bringtheir tablets and present them to theofficials KAV 2 iii 17 (Ass. Code B § 6), cf.ibid. 24 and 43, note 1 ina sukkalli la paniSarri tupar dli ndgiru u qi-pu-tu Sa arriizzazzu one of the sukkallu's, royalofficials, city scribes, heralds, or (anyother) officials of the king will be present(at the sale of land) ibid. 32; (total of999 men) Sa qi-pu-tu ina URU §A-bi URUeSuruni whom the officials have checkedin the Inner City (i.e., Assur) AfO 2380:29; Lt qi-pu-tum (receive fowl for the6dkultu) KAJ 247:8; PN LO qi-pu a Sarri(selling and distributing barley) KAJ113:25, cf. ibid. 8, 16, 33, also KAJ 109:13, 116r. 10, also LO qi-pu-tu a Sarri JCS 7 124No. 6:14; La qi-pu-te-ia altaprakkunu Isent to you (four men) my deputies KAV200:7, cf. KAV 98:7, 99:6, 100:7, 109:7, and

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qipu203:8 (all letters of Baba-aha-iddina); PN Ltq-pu Sa PN2 u PN3 tupSar dli (overseeing?a division of inheritance) AfO 20 121:18.

c) in MB, NB kudurrus - 1' in sing.:matima arkdt umz lu qi-pu lu LJ hazan<nu>... §a illdm<ma> at any time in thefuture either a q. or a mayor who comes(and violates this royal grant) RA 66166:29 (Nazi-Marutta), cf. lu ... qi-pu Ltjhazan<nu> Sa illd[mma] ibid. 172:61 (Kudur-Enlil); errez §a dliSu lu qattini lu 5dib dlilu Lf.MES a temiu qi-pu ajUmma §a GNthe tenant farmers of his city, whetherthey live outside the town or are towndwellers, or (other) persons under hiscommand, (or) any other official (of GN)MDP 2 pl. 21 ii 39 (MB), cf. [lu Sak]in mdti... lu hazan[nu] lu Lt qi-i-pu ajiimmaUET 1 165 ii 5, lu §arru lu mar §arri luLj qi-i-pu lu laknu lu atammu lu hazannuVAS 1 37 v 19 (Merodachbaladan II), lu 6arruarki lu mdr garri lu a red Sarri lu kartappulu bel pzati lu aklu lu laputti lu qi-i-pilu ummdnu lu tupgarru lu Satammu lu dkintemi lu ajUmma mala §uma nab2 RA 16 125ii 26 (Marduk-zakir-Aumi I); lu aklu lu laputtHlu hazannu lu mugeriJu lu gugallu luajimma qi-pu BBSt. No. 7 i 33 (NB).

2' in pl.: lu bel biti a GN ark2 lu belpziati a GN lu hazanni a GN lu Sdkintemi Sa GN lu gu-ta-ku a GN lu luputti2lu aklu lu qi-pu-tu Sa GN arklctu eithera future head of the GN tribe or a governorof GN or a mayor of GN or a commanderof GN or a .... of GN or a laputtzi officeror an aklu officer or any future official ofGN BBSt. No. 8 iii 14, but cf. the sequence:§akin mdti, bel p4ati, qi-pu-tu, Sdkin temi,hazannu ibid. Add. 3 (p. 50) 8 and (betweenbel pzati and hazannu) line 13; lu Sdkin temulu hazannu lu bel pziati lu zazakku lu qi-pu-ut mat tdmti mala baSdz BBSt. No. 11 ii 4(all NB); lu ina Sakin mdtdti EN.NAM.ME§hazanndti u qi-pu-d-tim MDP 2 pi. 17 iii 8(MB); note lu mamma 6an~mma a anaakin-mdtti a GN idlakkinu lu qi-pu-ut

GN (possibly error for a ana Sakin-mdtti

qipu

Sa GN lu qi-pu-ut GN iS4akkinu) BBSt. No. 6ii 29 (Nbk. I).

d) in later NA - 1' as official of theAssyrian king abroad (including Baby-lonia): Lt qe-e-pu ina muhhila akun I setan official over her (the Arabian queen)Rost Tigl. III p. 82:26; Saknuti Lj.TIL.GfD.DA(var. omits .DA).ME § ikin qdtejaaltakkana eliIun I installed hand-pickedgovernors (and) officials over them StreckAsb. 40 iv 104, for var. see 5R 4:104; ana aldmmdtiun Lt qe-e-pu eliJunu apqidma tokeep their land safe I appointed an officialover them and (assigned them to one ofmy officers (ilt riAija), the governor ofParsumag) TCL 3 73 (Sar.); ina muhhi matMu ur kalilu arrdni pdhiti Sakniti rabkard Lj qi-pa-a-ni gdpirz ana e6suti apqidin all of Egypt I appointed anew kinglets,nomarchs, governors, customs officers,officials, (and) commanders Borger Esarh.99 r. 47; trusting in his own strengtheli arrdni Lt qi-e-pa-a-ni (var. qi-pa-a-ni) Ja qereb Mugur upaqqidu abu bnula... illika ~ruSSun he went against thekings (and) the q.-s whom my own fatherhad appointed throughout Egypt StreckAsb. 6 i 58, cf. 8 i 75, also arrdni ann2tiLO.NAM.ME§ LO qi-pa-a-ni ibid. 10 i 110,16 ii 32; Lt Akkadua iptalhu . .. LtO A.TAM.ME§ L qe-pa-a-ni a mat Akkaddiptalhu the inhabitants of Babyloniabecame terrified, (also) the gatammuofficials (and) the q.-officials of Babyloniabecame terrified ABL 437 r. 9; note egirtua alapparkanni balat LO qe-e-pu(?) la

tapatt[i] umma L qe-e-pu la qurbu inapaniau tadaggal tapatti you will not openthe letter that I send you unless the q. ispresent, if the q. is not on hand, you willwait for him (and) open (the letter onlythen) Borger Esarh. 108 r. iii 13f. (treaty withTyre).

2' other occs.: mdrdt Sarrdni ahdtSarrdni ... La qi-pa-a-ni hazanndti Sadldni Jdtunu mala akudu the daughters(and) sisters of the kings (of Elam), the

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qipu

officials and the mayors of all those citiesthat I conquered Streck Asb. 56 vi 84; eqlaina ariuti erral eyqida la Lt.TIL.GfD.DAla GAR-ka-Si mu-ti-u-tu KO issu libbi eqlihabullitu d-sa-at-a-lam he will cultivateand harvest the field in erreiutu tenancy,without a q.-official or a §aknu he will havethe use of one half and will pay his debtfrom the field ADD 88 r. 1 (case), also, wr.qe-e-pu ADD 87:6 (tablet), cf. PN LI qe-e-piADD 17:2, 1023:7, also PAP-S6u mdr abi'uLfj qe-e-pu (in broken context) ADD 461r. 1 (coll. S. Parpola).

e) in NB: fa ultu imi pa-ni ultu ullanuaEdkin temi LtJ qi-pi B[AD.SI.AB.BA] lazpuu (the construction of the building)which no governor (or) official ofBorsippafrom time immemorial from before my erahad done Lambert, JAOS 88 126 ib 9, cf.LfJ.TIL.LA. GfD.DA.ME§ ga URU Bzt-Dak:kuri ABL 542:8, cf. Lj qi-pa-nu kiiplahu ibid. 17; the message sent to theking - it is not PN who is writing it, butLj qi-pa-ni-gi iSattarui his q.-officialsare writing it ABL 524:10; PN u LO qi-pa-ni-gi (in list of persons) Cyr. 379:4.

2. administrator of a region, a city, atemple (as specific title) - a) of a regionor city - 1' in hist.: ina meteq girrija5a Lt qi-pi GN mandattalu kabittu amhurin the course of mS campaign (againstBabylonia) I received the heavy tributeof the q. of Hararati OIP 2 67:8, also ibid.26 i55, 54:57, 57:17.

2' other occs.: one linen karballatu§a PN Lj qe-e-pu a URU Beri ADD 992:6;PN LO qe-pu URU Kar-dUTu (first witness)ADD 363 r. 7; LO qe-pi a URU $ib-te ABL95 r. 7; Lfa qe-e-pu a URU De-e-ri ABL868:5, (a URU Birdti) ABL 88:7; PN LO qe-e-pi

a mat A-ra-mu ABL 1115:9; La qe-e-pia [KUR] A (?)-ra-i ABL 169:8, see Parpola

Neo-Assyrian Toponyms 24, PN La qe-e-p URULa-ti-bar-ta ADD 865:4 (all NA); PN Sarei LO q-i-pi Sa URU BAD-dEN.LIL ABL963:5 (NB); PN LO qi-i-pi Sa URU Ha-mu

qipu

ABL 214 r. 14; note Imbappi Lt qe-e-pu a(var. rab qalti) Bit-Imb hatan RN ar GNPN, the q. (var. the chief of the archers)of Bit-Imbt, the son-in-law of RN, king ofElam Streck Asb. 42 v 1; in later texts:(barley) ga qalla a PN u qalla Sa LO qi-i-pi d URU Bi-ra-a-ti ana Samal iddinuVAS 6 248:20, cf. ibid. 21; PN Ld qi-i-pi Samat tdmti Nbk. 109:16, PN La qi-i-pi aahulld ibid. 22; LO qi-i-pi a URUv a-la-mu RA 23 15:4; Lt qi-i-pi a A-kadki(beside the Lt si-pir) 82-7-14,918:5, cf.Lj.TIL.LA.GID.DA A-k[adki] 82-7-14,570:3;PN Lj qi-i-pi Sa [GN] Unger Babylon 286No. 26 v 17-18, 21-22, also (name left blank)ibid. v 13; PN Lo qi-i-pi Sd UD.UNUG.KIBIN 1 169:1; exceptionally with addedtemple name: ina ufuzzu a PN [LO].MA.TIL.LA UNUG.KI U Eanna A 3658 r. 8 (NBleg., from Kandalanu, year 8).

b) of a temple - 1' as chief secularadministrator (in sing.) - a' with thetemple specified: PN ana mahar PN2 LOqi-i-pi l.BABBAR.RA u PN3 tupar Sippariqbi umma PN made a statement beforePN2, the q.-official of the Ebabbar andPN3, the scribe of Sippar PSBA 9 272:2,cf. ibid. 275:1 (= line 8), ana mahar rabitiu dajdni ikudunim[ma] ana PN LO qi-piEsagil iqb TCL 12 120:18; inapan PN LOqi-pi §a Esagila apteqid I entrusted (thematter) to PN, the q.-official of EsagilABL 516 r. 1; LO qi-i-pi ki illi[ka] ummaamat arri Si the q.-official (of Esagil)came and said: It is a royal order ABL968:15, see Landsberger Brief 63, cf. 2 a reiultu mat AMSur ki ihliquni LO qi-i-pi inabitiSu iptesi unuti the q. hid in his housetwo a rei officials who had fled fromAssyria Landsberger Brief 8:35; two officialsand PN and PN2 kiz a LO qi-i-pi amatSarri ki iqb ana pan Sarri altapraunitithe grooms of the q., I sent to the kingas soon as he (Mar-Itar) had appealedto the king (the king should questionthem) ibid. 29, cf. (also referring to the kiz2)Nbn. 469:7f., YOS 17 341:5; PN La qi-i-pi Sa

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qipuEsagil (witness) BBSt. No. 10 r. 44, cf.TCL 12 62:2, wr. Lt.TIL.LA.GfD.DA §aEsagil ZA 2 168:12; the document waswritten ina rmahar(?) 1 PN [LY] qi-i-piE.BABBAR.RA U PN 2 LT.SANGA SipparVAS 6 99:14, cf. Lt qi-i-pi 8a E.BABBAR.RA Nbk. 175:5, cf. LO.<TIL).GID.DA I.BABBAR.RA BRM 1 101:6, and passim; (PNwill deliver dates) ana PN LfT qi-i-pi uPN2 Lf.SANGA Sippar Nbk. 436:5, cf. (barleyreceived) ina qdt PN Lu qi-i-pi .BABBAR.RA PN2 Lf.SANGA Sippar Cyr. 364:28, cf.also Nbn. 373:10; (barley and dates forrations delivered to) LIf qi-i-pi t.BABBAR.RA U LJ.GAL.10.ME§ 82-7-14,63:6; inauSuzzu fa PN L qi-i-pi fa Eanna in thepresence of PN, the q.-official of Eanna(followed by names of witnesses) AnOr 815 r. 9, (followed by the 6atammu) ibid. 27:20,(omitting §a Eanna) AnOr 9 4 vi 34, and passim,and note ina uuzzu a PN LU qi-i-pi aEanna PN2 atammi Eanna PN3 re~ 6arribil piqittu Eanna PN4 re arri a ina muhhiquppu AnOr 8 51 r. 20, cf. YOS 6 204:10,(mentioned in second place after the §atammu)BIN 1 114:11, (mentioned after the bel piqitti)YOS 6 159:14, 238:19, cf. TCL 13 182 seal, (afterthe Idkin (emi) YOS 7 7 i 7; note ina Semedini §uatu PN L qi-i-pi Eanna (followedby the judges) RA 12 7 r. 10; Lt qi-i-pi9a Eanna (beside the lang's of Eanna)BIN 2 134:31, wr. Lfj.TIL.LA.GID.DA TCL 13222:1, and passim in Uruk; note: Lt qi-pa-a-nu mahrutu a Eanna BIN 2 134:9, La qi-pa-a-nu a Eanna mahrutu ibid. 26 (all NB);note 6atammu LO qe-e-pu u tupfar bit iiiSa Uruk pan Sarri .. ..unu the Satammuofficial, the q., and the scribe of the templeof Uruk are (now) in the presence of theking ABL 476:28 (NA); La qi-i-pi a Ezida(in Borsippa) YOS 3 83:9, VAS 6 155:8, wr.La.TIL.LA.AN.GID.DA ibid. 4, LT qi-i-piS-imbi-Anu (in Dilbat) VAS 6 63:11, also

ibid. 171:21, 331:3 and 19; PN LO qi-pi E.KI.TUS.GI.NA VAS 6 155:20, Lj qi-pi la B.zU.AB BIN 1 47:2; PN LO qi-i-pi a <t> dEN.SA.NA.AS.RU YOS 6 145:20; PN [LO qi] -i-piSa 2.MES(?) Moldenke 2 No. 5:4 (all NB);

qipu

note in Calah: [LO] qe-pu Nabi2 Ninurta(witness in a land grant to the temple)Iraq 19 pl. 33 ND 5550:36 (NA).

b' without specifying the temple: letteraddressed to LU qi-i-pi atammi u tuparbzti BIN 1 41:2, cf. TCL 9 105:2, and passim,but ana Satammi u Lt qi-i-pi BIN 1 59:2;ina MN PN ibbakunimma ana Lt qi-i-pi uSatammi inandinuS in Ajaru they willproduce PN and hand him over to the q.and to the Satammu UCP 9 81 No. 2:5;teime a LU qi-i-pi U Satammi ul taqbdnnd iyou did not report to us the order of theq. and the Satammu YOS 3 61:10, cf. ibid.24, and passim, normally with q. in the firstplace, but note: barley Satammu LUqi-i-pi u PN inandinfunutu YOS 7 156:16;Lj.ERfN.ME§ halqutu u mztutu a inaamirtu Sa LU qi-i-pi la amar the missingor dead workmen who were not present(lit. seen) at the inspection by the q. Cyr.292:2; a<na> muhhi amirtu LU.ERIN.MEASa qat LUj qi-i-pi belu ilpurru amur akia-mir-<ti> §a PN LU.ID E.GAL imurru[. . .] (see amirtu A mng. Ic) CT 22 242:5;uttatu 9a ultu bit makki ri ... ana ,dbeepi4 dullu §a LJ qi-i-pi nadnu barley thatwas given from the storehouse to the mendoing work for the q. Nbn. 1037:2, cf. Nbn.906:3, 976:3, Cyr. 74:2, wr. TIL.GfD.DA Camb.9:3, CT 4 27c:3 and 8, also ana ,dbi§a Lfjqi-i-pi Nbn. 548:4, Dar. 72:16, cf. (barley)ina kurummdti Sa Lj qi-i-pi Nbn. 899:2,kurummdtu Sa musahhire a La qi-i-piTCL 12 102:1, and passim, see musahhiruusage a, La se-pi-ri a LO.TIL.GID.DA CT4 27c:5, mar ipri Sa LU qi-i-pi Nbk.257:4, and see edbe a dullu u 6 talliudni§a LO qi-i-pi UCP 9 90 No. 24:22, cited mdrSipri usage 1, and passim in distributions of rations,(for offerings) Dar. 94:8; (silver) Sa La qi-i-pi ina pan PN belonging to the q. is atthe disposal of PN VAS 4 192:2; x flour] La.TIL.GID.DA 82-7-14,427:11, also, wr.SLa qi-i-pi 82-7-14,1629:4.

2' temple administrator (in pi.): LOqe-pa-a-ni 8a bzt ildni . .. uptattiu 6aniute

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iptaqdu they dismissed the q.-officials ofthe temples (of Sippar, Cutha, Hursag-kalama, and Dilbat) and appointed othersABL 1214 r. 6 (NA); dibb[i4u] itti fPN ... inapan L.TIL.LA.ME§ Aa Esagil idabbub hewill plead his case against fPN before theproper authorities of Esagil Nbn. 102:4,cf. purussi itti Lf.TIL.LA.GID.DA.ME 'aEanna ilakkan TCL 13 222:17, also ittiLO qi-pa-a-nu §a Eanna purussdni ukunBIN 2 134:11; PN ibbakamma ina pani LtOqi-pa-nu ulazzaz YOS 7 118:12, cf. aditeime a L qi-i-pa-ni alemmu RA 11 167:20(let. from Uruk); tuppi LO qi-pa-a-ni aEsagil ana latammi u PN ahhenu letterfrom the q.-officials of Esagil to the§atammu official and to PN, our colleaguesYOS 3 15:1; PN, the shepherd of the Ladyof Uruk §a 10 Sandti itti ,enilu ana Eannala zrubu Sa LU qi-pa-a-nu u tupSarru aEanna PN2 ana muhhi PN iApuruma whofor ten years did not enter Eanna withhis sheep and goats, concerning whosecase the proper authorities and scribes ofEanna sent PN2 to PN YOS 7 7 iii 119, cf.ibid. i 36, ii 53, iv 141, cf. (in broken context)Lfj qi-i-pi.ME U DUB.SAR.ME§ aEan[na]AnOr 8 76:17; puhru Lf qi-pa-a-nu u mdr-baniti a ina uuzziunu PN PN2 u PN 3 iqb~the assembly of the officials and free per-sons (summing up officials and other per-sons, among them the Edkin temi of Uruk,the Satammu of Eanna, the reS arri belpiqittu of Eanna, and the La qi-i-pi ofURU Salamu) in whose presence PN, PN2,and PN3 said RA 23 15:13, cf. (in similarcontext) YOS 7 198:9 and 16, also ibid. 30:9,107:1, TCL 13 124:1 (all NB), see also marbani usage b-2'.

In MA and early NA (up to Adn. II)the qpu is a court official often high in thehierarchy, while in MB letters the titleseems to refer more generally to anyadministrative official. In later NA qipurefers almost exclusively to officials inBabylonia; he is identified by the cityor region for which he is responsible, or

qirmu

by the temple for the secular administra-tion of which he is responsible. In laterNB, the pl. qpdnu often refers to ad-ministrators as forming a collegium.

Note that the areas that are said to havea qpu lie in a long and relatively narrowborder region along what had been theeastern frontier of Babylonia, although atthe time these titles are actually attested- from the late 8th and 7th centurieson - some of the towns (e.g., $ibtu,Bit-Imbi) had passed under the politicaljurisdiction of Assyria or Elam.

Finkelstein, JCS 7 124 f.; Petschow, ZA 53 245 f.;Brinkman, WO 5 46; Postgate Taxation p. 194f.;Landsberger Brief 36 f., 59 ff.; San Nicol6 Prosopo-graphie passim; Kiimmel Familie 140 ff.

qiputu s.; 1. trust, 2. position of qpuofficial; OB, SB, NB; cf. qdpuA.

[si-i] [SI07] - qi-pu-tu Sd [. . .] A V/3:199.

1. trust: kaspam a awiZim ana qi-pu-ti-ka alkun I deposited the gentleman'ssilver, trusting in you ABIM 23:31; qi-pu-ti belz lilq[e] may my lord have trustin me ARM 2 141:20.

2. position of qpu official: PN ana Lfqi-[pu-u-ti eli GN apqid I appointed PNover GN, to the office of qpu Rost Tigl.III p. 38:226; provisions ana 8 LJ Mi-gir-a-a LJ EN.NUN i qi-pu-tU for theeight Egyptians, guards of the governor'sresidence VAT 16378 i 18 (unpub. NB text fromBabylon, cited Weidner, M6langes Dussaud 930).

qirimu see qirmu.

qiriru s.; oil(?); NA.*qi-ri-ru (var. adds DtG.GA) ana nuri:

gunu libbili (var. libzi) let there be fine q.for their lamps KAR 214 iv 19, vars. from3R 66 x 32, see Frankena Takultu p. 8.

qiritu see qartu.

qirmu (qirimu) s.; (a garment); NA,NB; cf. qardmu.

TOG qir-mu Practical Vocabulary Assur 270.

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qirqigu

a) in NA: 21 MA.NA SfG.H.MID(?)21 MA.NA SIG.MI ana TJG qir-mu two anda half minas of red wool, two and a halfminas of black wool for a q.-garmentADD 954:9; 1 TUG qir-mu ADD 959 r. 3,cf. ADD 974:7, Iraq 15 150 ND 3407:4, and passimin NA, TUG qir-me ZAG DIRI ADD 682:9,1 qir-mu GIBIL LA-e Postgate Palace Archive152:8, 2 qir-me GIBIL LA-e ibid. 7 and 10,cf. Iraq 12 192 ND 245, wr. TUG qi-ri-mu(as part of a dowry) Iraq 16 37 ND 2307:24,see Postgate NA Leg. Docs. No. 14.

b) in NB: SIG ta-ab-tum qi-ir-mu ubi-ir-ri SAL.UII.MES Nbn. 258:10, cf. [ .. ]

qi-ir-mu 3 TUG gu-[le-nu(?)] 82-7-14,2294:7.

The NB refs. may belong to anotherword qirmu or kirmu.

Deller, Or. NS 31 18f. and 33 102.

qirqisu s.; (a tree); SB; pl. qirqildti.

ana qir-qi zaqpi . . . lirdima should he(the king) go to the planted q.? K.3467+ :13(tamtu, courtesy W. G. Lambert), cf. ana dir-KI.KAL a qir-qi-§d-a-ti ibid. 19, ana qir-qi-Sd-a-ti rabbdti ibid. 21.

Probably variant of girgiMu "straw-berry tree," q.v.

qirsu A s.; (a sacred area); NA.

a) in gen.: [LU.ENG]AR ana qi-ir-s[iill] ak ana libbi kikkisi [err] ab uMab [issuq] -ir-si [is] ahhura the (king as) "farmer"goes to the q., enters the reed hut, sitsdown, he returns from the q. ABL 4:7and 10, cf. kzma ana qi-ir-si ittalku inalibbi kikkisi etarbu (see kikkiu) ABL183:6; we will perform the rites tonightina qi-ir-si nillak we will go to the q.ABL 361 r. 3 (all three letters addressed to theking as LIJ.ENGAR), cf. (the king) [an] a qir-sierrab naptunu iakkan K. 10209:23 (rit.); dul=lini ina libbi qi-ir-si ibagi we have toperform a rite in the q. ABL 181:9; gul=gulldte ina na na ia libbi dulli qabbininuIeribd ina qir-si kuzippinu-d-alx(uRu) -bi-iS ina libbi nilkun shall we bring the

qirsu B

two skulls as prescribed in the ritual intothe q. (and) wrap (them) in cloaks (and)install (them) there? (let them write mewhat the king orders) ABL 21:10, see ParpolaLAS No. 178.

b) with det. GI§: they used to receive(and) introduce all astrological reports inthe presence of the father of the kingurkit ina muhhi ndri LU.ERIN.ME§ (rebus-writing for ummdnu?) 8a abulu §a §arribelija uddalSunni ina GI§ qir-si ina panSarri isassi afterward, on the riverbank, a scholar whom the father of theking, my lord, knew used to read (them)to the king in the q. ABL 1096 r. 5; [kina] pertu issu hil[i] a-na muhhi AMurtallakanni napertu ina GI§ qir-si ulerrabule§Sab as soon as the message from thecampaign reaches Assur, he (the mes-senger) will bring the message to theq. (and) deposit (it there) Or. NS 22 33 i 3(rit.); MUN ina muhhi takmisani a inalibbi GI§ qir-si uqtarrib he strewed salton the sheep that were in the q. van DrielCult of A~Aur 128 v 12.

qirsu B s.; (a wooden object); NA.

issu ma-si-en AN§E.NITA.ME -ia ibaJ=Iuni GI§ qir-si-ia-ma ana harrdni lamtuhas soon as I have donkeys, I will takemy q.-s on the road Iraq 18 41 No. 25:22(NA let.); 120 AN§E.ME Sa qir-si ina libbi1 qabutti 356 ma' assu naphar 476 AN§E.ME ina libbi 2 qabuttu 120 draft assesin one corral, 356 (in) stalls(?), in all476 asses in two corrals Iraq 23 28 ND2451:4, see Postgate Taxation 376ff., cf. 18BE.ME § a qir-si ibid. 13, cf. 2 AN§E.NITA GIb qir-si ADD 1036 ii 11; GI§ qir-si-ia paniute ibali la damqu Saniute eMlteu-has-si (for uhafi?) la gammuru formerq.-s of mine are available but not good,I have chopped (?) other, new ones, butthey are not (yet) finished ABL 784 r. 6,cf. (in broken context) GI§ qir-si damquteSa mi-[... T]fYG.GADA Sa KI.TA KU§.X.NIM.ME ibid. 10 (coll. K. Deller); [. .. GI]§

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qirsfiqi-ir-si KAL.ME§ issu bit §akin mdti naqznivan Driel Cult of AAAur 200:7, cf. 1 TaG pa-x-[x] A ra-x-di 4 qi-ir-si 3 ToJG sa-su-patADD 1039 iii(!) 3 (coll. E. Sollberger); GIg qir-siSa GIg du-un-x-x-x Iraq 18 43 No. 27:7;in obscure context: annaka fNUMUN(?)1su bi Ix xl GIg qir-si attalak atamar siGsadanni4 ABL 100 r. 5 (coll. K. Deller).

The mention of donkeys suggests thatthe q. was a vehicle drawn by draftanimals.

(Postgate Taxation 378f.)

qirsl s.; (mng. unkn.); Mari.*um gi-im-ki-im qi-ir-su-u iSakkanu

1 ANAE idddk on the day when ....q.(-s) are performed(?), one donkey willbe killed CRRA 26 142 ii 8.

qirlu A s.; (a piece of trimmed meator dough); NA, NB; cf. qardJu.

ninda.im.kid = NINDA (var. a-kal) qi-ir-9iNabnitu J 296; gar.ds, us - qi-ir-Su ibid. 299f.

2 kappi Kt.GI 5a qir-§e two gold bowlsof q. Iraq 23 33 ND 2490+ :7, cf. 2 kappiKU.BABBAR §a qi-[ir-Se] ibid. 28; DUG kallu§a qi-ir-li BBR No. 66:17; 3 SILA qir-S[i(?)] Postgate Royal Grants No. 46:9, cf.x x ana qir-§e [.. .] ibid. 12 (all NA); UZUalpi Uzu immeri uzu qir-hum (as part ofthe temple offering) BBSt. No. 35 r. 9(Merodachbaladan II); muttdqu qir-Au (re-placing muttdqu er alpi Jer immeri) AnOr12 305 ii 3 (NB kudurru); put nuhatimmutu... pintu u qir-i nali he bears the re-sponsibility for the cooking, the charcoal,and the q. VAS 6 104:10 (NB).

Meaning based on the Sum. equivalents(kid, Au.bibr.bur) of qirlu and qardSu.The only certain ref. to bread (perhapsa loaf) is Nabnitu J 296. In the refs. withcontext, it is mostly meat that is referredto, although the NA refs. may refer toa type of bread.

qiru B s.; 1. (a strip of leather), 2. (afabric); MB.*

qirukut.murub 4 .1al = qir-§u Antagal III 149;

ku.har.[flI.1l - qi-ir-6u Hh. XI 116, see MSL9 198.

1. (a strip of leather): see lex. section.

2. (a fabric): [x] TUG qir-Si BABBARtak[ilt]a uppus x white q.-garments, ....with dark blue wool PBS 2/2 135 i 25, cf.2 TUG qir-<i(?))> rsfGl.SAG ibid. 124:6,1 TfJG qir-gi SIG.ZA.GIN BE 14 46:3; 1 TtGkizzu ... qir-Si sfG.SAG ibid. 157:42; 5 MAsf..rz ana qi-ir-[1i] ibid. 150:5; 145 TfJGKI.MIN (= nahlaptu) qir-4i takiltu PBS 2/2135 ii 11; fxl ToJG KI.MIN (= nahlaptu) qir-vu tabarru [x TOG K]I.MIN qir-Su takiltu[x TJOG KI.MI]N qir-u SIG.SAG ibid. i 10-12;[x TJG ... ] ... ina libbia qir-Su [...]§a 1 ajari ibid. i 20.

qirlu C ' s.; (a type of payment?); OBElam.*

dulladunu i-ba-al qi-ri-il-si ippalmaahirti kaspiJunu ileqqd (see ahirtu usageb) MDP 22 125:7; kaspa a mai2ti qi-ir-Sa ... ana hamdagar iaqqal (see ma4iitu)MDP 23 234:29, cf. (in broken context)[qi-ri]-iS-su ul iAarrapu ibid. 284:17.

qirlu D s.; (a container); Ur III (Akk.lw. in Sum.).

1 qir-Ju-um kut.babbar (among con-tainers) UET 3 730 ii 6, cf. 1 qir-<u>-umzabar ibid. 738:3.

qiru s.; hot bitumen; MA, NA, SB; pl.qrati.

ESIR.kum = qi-ra-ti (followed by ittu, kupru)Practical Vocabulary Assur 143.

qi-ra ana qaqqidiJa itabbuku they willpour hot bitumen on her head (as punish-ment) KAV 1 v 76 (Ass. Code § 40); eperuiana akdlilunu qi-ru ana pad iunu zmndtimiri ana latunu ... li6akin may dustbe allotted as their food, bitumen as theirointment, sheep's urine as their drinkAfO 8 25 iv 14 (Altur-nirari V treaty), cf. qi-i-rukupru lu mdkalkunu Wiseman Treaties 490;

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qilam

GI§.ME .... qi-ru pa§u the beams aresmeared with bitumen (beside kuprukapru lines 11f. and 18) Iraq 25 74 No. 67:7,cf. qi-ru hamar the bitumen is dried upibid. 30; 3 AN§E qi-ru . .. L(J.EN.NUN.IGI.ME§ . .. [iddunu?] AfO 21 pl. 3 r. 10, seePostgate Royal Grants Nos. 42-44 r. 30; uncert.:[...] §urmini u qi-ra talakkan (in prep-arations for a rit., translit. only) ArOr17/1 185 VAT 12963:7 (SB rit.).

qiham see klam.

qiliru (or kizfru) s.; (mng. unkn.); OB.*2 at hi qi-i-ir-u ina qi-i-ri-ia sebe

x-ra-ti ta iten qi-4i-ri two partners, hisq. (is equal to) two of my q.-s, seven ....for one q. Sumer 10 57 IM 31210 ii § 3:2f.(coll. H. Hunger), cf. acum qi-li-ir-u Sinaqi-i-ri-ka sebe x-ra-tu ibid. 6 (OB math.from Tell Harmal).

Possibly a by-form of ku iru, "profit."

qilsf s.; melon, gourd, cucumber (amember of the genus Cucurbitaceae);from OB on; pl. qi~i and qimdte; wr.syll. and UK §.

u-ku-u UKO = qi§-§u-u Sb II 44, u-ku-u§ UKtOE= qi(var. qi)-u-u(var. -z) Ea 1353, also A I/8: 192;ukiu =- qi-{4i(var. -au)-u Nabnitu J 166; uki6u[SAR] = qi-su-u Hh. XVII 360, followed by thevarieties ubdnu, ebirdtu, kuqgatu, niibu, tigilu, liligi,§aruru, and the qualifications (la) ballu, [emu],[matqu], ma[rru] ibid. 361-377, cf. uku6 SAR =qi-§u-u RS Recension 227, parallel Hh. XXIV305-311; [ukui ] SAR = qi§-§u-u 2R 44 No. 3:4(Practical Vocabulary Nineveh), see AfO 18 340;UKt§.[SAR] : qi$-§u-u (followed by ubdnu, garuru,nubu, mugritu, tigilu) Uruanna I 245; j0 UKO§.LI.LI.GA : tam-gil a-ru-ni, J qil-§u-u d u-ma-me-tiUruanna I 252f.; uk u.ti.gi.lum SAR = §U-u =q[i]-,u-u me-ig-ru-u Hg. D 249, ukii§.ir.gudSAR = i6-ki al-pi = qi-id-u tuk-pi-td ibid. 253, inMSL 10 105f.; O.UKO§j.MES = qi-Sd-te, Oj.UKOJa.AL.§E 6 .GA.ME = MIN ba-d6-la-te, tj.UK(jO.§E§.ME= MIN ma-[r]a-te, O.UKOj.TUR.TUR = lu-ha-niPractical Vocabulary Assur 47 ff.; [nu] mun uk uSAR = ze-er qiA- e-e (var. i qi-Ai-e) Hh. XVII 378,var. from RS Recension 233, also Hh. XXIV 312;NUMUN.[UK(jS SAR] : NUMUN qil-le-e Uruanna I249.

qiflu.zil = MIN (= qa-ta-pu) §a UKLs Nabnitu

J 315.gir.ukuii.zabar = MIN (= patar) [qi-il-li-i]

Hh. XII 67, in MSL 9 205.tilla2.a.ni ir.si.im ukdi al.d[u.du] : ri-

bit-su i-rig qi-e-e [. . .] the scent of melons wafted(through) its square K.5321:7f.

a) the fruit - 1' in econ. context:sahli qi-[iS]-Se-i hallir urqtam u 4umiSibilam send me cress, cucumbers, chickpeas, green vegetables, and garlic YOS 2152:25, cf. 5 qi-i-4u-e ubilim VAS 162:18; 2 SILA ana UKO§.SAR two silas (ofbarley) for (buying) cucumbers BirotTablettes 12:10 (all OB); A.§A qi-2i-i §a DNthe melon field of DN MDP 23 289:4; qiS-§u-'i SAR CT 14 50:66 (list of plants in Mero-dachbaladan's garden); ka-si-ia u UKO§ §aMU.6.KAM ina karihunu- kasi and cu-cumbers for the sixth year are on theiraccount BRM 1 101:20 (NB); for varietiessee Hh. XVII, XXIV, Hg., etc., in lex. section,see also iki alpi cited ilku lex. section,banbillu, damlillu, kurdillu, naggabu B,peqqu.

2' in lit.: see K.5321, in lex. section;umma KI.MIN (= eril biti) kima UK.SAR

CT 38 18:111 (SB Alu); umma dlu tubqinnauj.UKj§.MEg uSMed if the corner of a city's

(wall) grows cucumbers CT 38 3:46; gummaina itti eqli UKf§ a magal rabic innamirif an abnormally large melon is found inthe field at the normal time CT 39 5:59,cf. gumma ina libbi eqli UKOJI.SAR ipugif he plants melons in the field ibid. 4:47;UK§.ME§ ihalliqu (apod., protasis refersto UKOJ§.E.IR.ZI = 6aruru) CT 39 5:58(all SB Alu); nahpi kima KU§.A.EDIN.<LA>n[a-par(?) -] id(?)-di kzma qi4-fe-e (ad-dressing a sorceress) Sm. 310:12 (SB inc.);Summa x-hum kma qi-§i-im (possibly tokisu A) YOS 10 9:24 (OB ext.), also GIMqiS-Se-[. .. ] (in broken context) BorgerEsarh. 111 § 75 r. 2.

b) the seed: NUMUN(?) qi-il-le-egubilannijdi TIM 2 93:22, 1 (BAN) kisibirrztam u ze-ri qi-6e-im 2 stLA uibilam

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*qitiS

VAS 16 11:8 (both OB letters), cf. also, wr.NUMUN qi-il-6e-e OBT Tell Rimah 328:1;if the right "weapon-mark" kzma NUMUNUKU§ pesi is white like a q. seed RA 6863 ii 9 (SB ext.), cf. kima §A u[KtjS ... ]ibid. 10; NA 4 .§E.TIR a kima zer qil-fe-eSikin4u nussuqu the ... .- stone whosetexture is as fine-grained as cucumberseed (var. kima Se'e ,ahhari) OIP 2 132:72,var. from ibid. 127 d 3 (Senn.); note as jewelry:NUMUN UK§ BIN 1 132:3, YOS 6 216:14(NB).

c) the vine: if the oil kima irrz qi-i6-6e-e-im ildud spreads like a cucumbervine CT 3 3:33, cf. CT 5 5 r. 48 (OB oil omens);I cut off their beards kima bini qil-fe-esimani unakkis qdtiun I cut off theirhands like .... of ripe cucumbers OIP 246 vi 12, also AfO 20 94:93 (Senn.).

d) representations: 1 NA4 qi-i- e-e §aamna tdba mali a gourd- (or melon-)

shaped glass container full of perfumedoil EA 14 iii 38; 29 qi-i§-u-u §a bit Jamni§a inni piri palu 29 gourd-shaped oilcontainers, (decorated?) with stainedivory ibid. iv 5 (list of gifts from Egypt).

*qilti§ see qitu A usage b.

qiltu A (qiltu) s.; forest, grove; fromOAkk. on; pl. qildtu; wr. syll. (qi-is-tiCT4842:3) and GI.TIR (GIS.TIR.RA ARM 1425 r. 11'); cf. qiu s.

gii.tir = qil-tum, gi. t i r.tir = qi-4a-a-tum Hh.III 176f., gi6.tir.ku.ga = qi -tum Kt-tum, gig.tir.iin.in.na = MIN eb-be-tum ibid. 178f., also(consisting of various species of trees, see auihu,erenu, e'ru, haSurru, ,arbatu, Surmenu) ibid. 180-85;ftirl = qi-if-[tum], [tir.ti]r = qi- a-a-[tum], [tir.ha.9u.ur.ra] = qi-i4-ti ha-Su-u[r-ri], ftir.kil =fqil-if-tum e-flel-[tum] Proto-Izi I Bil. Section D i24'ff.; gis.tir, gis.SAR.a = qil-tum Nabnitu J153f.; ti-ir TIR - qi§-ti Sb I 192; [ti-ir] [TIR] -[qi]-el-du = (Hitt.) aGi.TIR-ar S Voc. AG 2;qi-Ai-at TIR = TIR.URU.KI, te-er TIR = qil-tum,qa-al-tum A VII/4:82ff.; [te-er] [TIR] = qi-il-tumEa VII iv 12'; gii.tir.sfi.sh - MIN (= i-ru-u)Ad GI§.TIR Nabnitu L 83.

hul.SAR zag git.tir.ra.kex(KID) di.agaddu la ina pad qil-ti re-tu-i the sign which is

qiltu Aposted at the edge of the forest SBH p. 15 No. 7:8,dupl. 4R 26 No. 2:7f.; gil.tir.ki.ga gil gfd.da.bi 6 : [ina] qiS-ti elleti a i~iUa gii in theholy forest, whose treesar e tall 4R 18 No. 3 i 42;6.ku.ga.a.ni.ta gig.tir GI .MI la.e A .bi 16nu.mu.un.du.ku 4.ku 4 .d : ina biti ellu a kimaqiJ-ti(var. -tum) qillau tarqu ana libbiSu mamma lairrubu in the holy house whose shadow is cast(as densely) as that of a forest, and into whichno one may enter CT 16 46:193f., cf. [igi.b]igig.tir aGI.MI i.la.e : [pa]nuu gilli qiJ-te(var.-ti) ha-aq-bu(var. -bi) (corrupt for tarqu ?)(Akk.) its (the disease's) face is (like) the shad-ow cast by a forest CT 17 25:12f., cf. BIN 222:13f., see AAA 22 76: Aum.gam.me kii.babbar gig.tir.ku.ga an.dil dagal.la.bi u.me.[ni.te.g&] : aS4aru sa garpi ana qiS-ti elleti§a [ ulil4a rapSu lutahhi] may he bring to thewide-shadowing forest a silver saw CT 16 38 iii10ff., dupl. BIN 2 22 iii 150f., see AAA 22 88;gig.tir gig.mes.gal.gal.la mu.un.bu.re.e.[ne] : ina qiS-ti mesz rabbuti urabba [.. .] in theforest they shake the big mesu trees JRAS 1932557:12f., cf. gig.tir gig.mes gal.gal.la.na :qi§-ta ed me-e-si rab-bu-ti K.4823:2f.; gil. tir.gis.gim.erin.na.ka e.ne.dug4 .dug 4.g[a] :9a ina qiC-ti rqi ereni immellu ina Has[ur ... ](see erenuA usage a-1'b') BA 10/1 75 K.5160:4f.;gig.tir.mu su.a.bi (!) : qi-Cd-tu--a urrd SBHp. 9 No. 4:104, cf. ibid. 108f., cited art D; aIS.SAR.GI~.SAR.a gis.tir.bi na.nam : ki-ra-tu uqi-d-tu-ma there were orchards and forests CT13 37:29, restored from unpub. dupl., courtesyW. G. Lambert.

[a-ba] -bu, halbu, ma-am-lu, [. . .]-ru, ,argaru =qi-iJ-tum Malku II 158 ff.; ababa, a-ar, qilu, qi-sd-tum, babaru, halbu, amagallu, GI u-al-lu-U,GI altal, kidinetu, gargartu, ebubatu, qallu, tir-rum= qi-i -tum, sa-ar-me = MIN (= qi-i-tum) SU.KICT 18 4 K.4375 r. i 7 ff.

a) referring to the cedar forests of theLebanon - 1' in lit.: lukludamma inaqi-il-ti ereni let me reach the cedarforest Gilg. Y. v 183 (OB), cf. adi ikaaduana GIA.TIR ereni Gilg. III ii 16, ki ni[l]laki[br]f ana qi-i -ti [erni] how, my friend,can we go to the cedar forest? Gilg. Y.iii 130; alu Sullumu [GI§.T]IR ereni . .im'ivu DN Enlil has appointed him (Hum-baba) to preserve the cedar forest Gilg.II v 1, cf. ndgir Sa GI§.TI[R] ZA 62 226:21(Gilg.); iemmma ana 1 §u beri talmatGI§.TIR mannu a urradu ana GI§.TIR-~i... . a. rid GI§.TIR-Jd igabbassu lu'tu one

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qiltu Ahears that the forest is surrounded (bymoats) for sixty "double miles." Whowould (dare to) go down into his (Hum-baba's) forest? and he who does go downinto his forest, debility will overcome himGilg. II v 4ff., cf. ana 1 u-i KASKAL.GfD.TA.AM til-ma-at qi-il-tum Gilg. Y. iii 107,wr. TIR ibid. v 194, see Landsberger, RA 62 113;izzizuma i-nap-pa-at-tu GIS.TIR 5a ereniittanaplasu mzldau a aGI.TIR ittanaplasunereblu they stood still and looked (?)at the forest, they beheld the height of thecedar(s), they beheld the entrance to theforest Gilg. V i 1, also IV vi 42 (catch line);idi harrdna a GIB.TIR ereni he knows theway to the cedar forest Gilg. III i 7, cf.(in difficult context) KASKAL.ME dEnkidu[ina] GIA.TIR ereni Gilg. VIII i 7, restoredfrom JCS 8 92:4; nulalpituHumbaba lar (var.a ina) GI§.TIR GI§.[ERIN] we defeated

Humbaba in the cedar forest Gilg. VIIIii 12, dupl. JCS 8 93 r. 10, cf. Gilg. X v 10, pl. 42Sp. 299:5, iner harharam rma-gal-ru qi-il-tim Gilg. O.I. r. 12 (coll. A. Westenholz); Sa qil-tiGI§.HA.UR uktappira gupnla he cutdown the trees of the forest of halurrucedars Cagni Erra IV 144; [HUR.SA]G gaplulipu apu qi-il-da (see qallu B s.) VAS 12193 r. 5 and 18 (Sartamhdri), see RaineyEA No. 359.

2' in hist.: GN GN 2 GN 3 tir.gig.erinhur.sag.kui.ga.96 : GN GN 2 GN 3 adimarGI§.TIR GIA.ERIN1 U KUR.KUR.KT (Enlilgave Sargon) Mari, Jarmiuti, (and) Eblaas far as the Cedar Forest and the SilverMountains AfO 20 38 v 25 and vi 31 (Sargonof Akkad); I transported huge cedar logsultu Labndnim qi-i4-tim elletim from theLebanon, the holy forest VAB 4 94 iii 36,cf., wr. GI9.TIR ibid. 126 iii 23, 200 No. 37:3,cf. ereni dannutim a ina KUR Labnd[nu]qi-il-ti-Su-nu ina qdteja elleti akkisamighty cedars that I cut with my purehands in the Lebanon, their (native) forestibid. 152 iv 6, also, wr. GI§.TIR-I-nu ibid.158 vi 17; KUR Labndinu add qi-6a-timMarduk 6ummuhti (for context see erenu Ausage a-l') ibid. 174 ix 14 (all Nbk.).

qiltu Ab) referring to the forests of the eastern

mountains: etazbu cldniunu ina [Iad]} uGI§.TIR.ME erubu they left their townsand went into the mountains and forestsSTT 43:44 (Shalm. III), see Lambert, AnSt 11 150;ina UD.3.KAM ina la-a $a-bit pani la mudegirri libbi GIS.TIR artedi on the third dayI marched on through the forest withouta guide, without anyone who knew theway Scheil Tn. II 51, and delete this ref.sub agappu; ihtallupu GI§.TIR.ME§ aqullina rapfu birit i izrabiti. .. etettiquthey made their way through forests withbroad shade, they passed between talltrees Streck Asb. 70 viii 83, cf. ibid. 204:5, cf.also ihlup qereb GI.TIR AfO 8 178 i 20, also180 i 26 (Asb.); GI.TIR.MEA-,I-nu pazratiSa mamma ahc la usarru ina libbi ... ~ betdhazija qereblin erubu my combat troopsentered their (the Elamites') secretgroves where no stranger had everentered Streck Asb. 54 vi 65, cf. (in brokencontext) e-mu-u GIA.TIR GIg Bauer Asb. 154 iv 6 (= 2 p. 37); kirAtiu aklitma GiS.TIR.ME§-§U akkis I cut down his or-chards, I felled (his) forests TCL 3 303, cf.ibid. 276 and 296; GIA.TIR.ME§-4U rabbdti Sakma api edliti hitlupu igquiin akkis Icut down his great forests whose treesare interlocked like impenetrable reedthickets TCL 3 266; ina qi'-ti DN itta[kis. . .] Bauer Asb. 2 78 K.7673:9; 15 neiedannuti i tu Sad u GI.TIR.ME ina qdteaqbat I caught 15 large lions from themountainous forests with (my own) handsAKA 202 iv 26 (Asn.).

c) referring to wooded estates (inSyria): a territory including its olivegroves, its vineyards qadu GIS.TIR.MEAS-U MRS 6 133 RS 15.132:6, also 158 RS16.255D: 7.

d) with ref. to timber: a46um GIS.TIR.HI.A larrum kam iqb~unlfim umma anaGIS.TIR.HI.A-kC-nu la teggia GI.TIR.HI.A-ku-nu lu nagra concerning the woods, theking said to them (the overseers of the

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qiitu Awoods): Do not neglect your woods, yourwoods should be (well) guarded OECT 333:9f., see Kraus, AbB 4 111; ta'ittam §aGI§.TIR.HI.A tetenem<me> tuppi GIA.TIR.HI.A ul nadnannidfimma ana p t.uppim§udti ina GIS.TIR.HI.A madrini ul nu§ibyou constantly hear reports about thewoods, (but) the tablet concerning thewoods was not given to us and so we didnot station our guards in the woods ac-cording to that tablet ibid. 17 ff.; GIA.TIR.HI.A mala ibalMia u terketilina ana zitimla tueqi ... GI§.TIR U teriktam la tezszimma you must not lease the woods,whatever there is of them, or theirclearings, you must not exempt a (single)woodland or a (single) clearing (that is onthe list) ibid. 25 and 28; GI§.TIR.HI.A Saana PN U PN2 paqda dmurma [ina] GI[§].T[I]R.HI.A ginati GI§.HI.A nukkusu I haveinspected the woods entrusted to PN andPN2 (the overseers of the woods) and(found that) trees have been felled inthese woods TCL 7 20:7ff.; ina GI§.AB.BA.HI.A §a inakkisu GI§ a ina GIN.TIR- U mtu la inakkisu GIb warqamma likkisuamong the kuabku trees that they aregoing to cut, they should not cut a treethat is already dead in the (lit. its) grove,they should cut only a green tree LIH72:20; mamman ana GI§.TI[R] la itehhinobody shall trespass in the woods ARM 194:14, cf. ibid. 5; ana Sipu elippdti qereb GI.TIR.ME§ ig§ e rabiti uqqiru (see aqdrumng. 2a) OIP 2 118:10, also 104 v 68, Sumer9 154 vi 5 (Senn.); ibni GI§.GI U GI§.TIRana dipir nabniti[ki] (see nabnitu mng. 4b)RAcc. 46:28; note mummu qatti ana qi-Sd-ti-ki ... tura return, frame of the bow,to your forests RA 46 36:42, also ibid. 34:26,dupl. STT 19:79 (SB Epic of Zu); referring tofragrant wood: I laid its (first) brick inahurigi kaspi abni nisiqti Suqurtu hibiltiGI.TIR riqq ereni upon (beads of) gold,silver, costly precious stones, cuttings offragrant resins from the forest, aromaticplants, (and) cedar wood VAB 4 220 ii 1and 226 ii 62 (Nbn.).

qiltu Ae) other occs. - 1' in letters and adm.:

5 AB.HI.A ne um ina GIA.TIR [. . .] a lion[killed?] five cows in the woods ARM 1118:14; dabum . . . ana GI§.TIR.RA i[lliku=

nim] ARM 14 25 r. 11'; in description ofa field: A.EA pani GI.TIR a field at theedge of the forest CT 45 121:4, cf. A.§A. . . ugar pani GI§.TIR BE 6/1 83:7, 9, and11, also A.9A §a pani qi-i-tim CT 4 22c:7,wr. qi-is-ti CT 48 42:3 (all OB), cf. a. agi . tir.ma.nu Pettinato Untersuchungen2 198 No. 779; PN u PN 2 itu dimti Sa ekalli§a ah GIA.TIR ilq they took PN and PN2from the palace district at the edge of thewoods JEN 525:58, cf. §a p GI§.TIR ibid.70, itu GI§.TIR ibid. 39; one thousand(tracts of land) §a kasal 1000 §a GIg.TIR [...] TCL 13 230:10, cf. TIR (Sa) E].SAG.fL VAS 3 24:3 and 19 (both NB); 6umdte a-di a-qi-e ina GI§.TIR utammid6ipra epuSu I imposed (work ? of) six daysin the forest until . .., they did the workJCS 7 167 No. 62:5 (MA Tell Billa let.).

2' in lit. and omens: you broke his(the allallu bird's) wing izzaz (var. a4ib)ina qi-4d-tim (var. GIS.TIR) iMessi kappi(and now) he lives in the woods crying:My wing! Gilg. VI 50; stis etellu muttallUGIA.TIR.ME§ [. . .] (incipit of gaziga inc.)Hunger Uruk 10:11; IGI.ME9-§U rita qerbetaiSe'i <na>rdma ina name qi-a-ta (see qer:betu mng. 2e) LKA 15:4; kulpd um Admituqi-i-tim d BIL.GI ezzum §a qaballu neret(you are a) kulpdfu ax that cuts down theforest, Gibil, fierce (god), whose attackis deadly JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 8 v 19 (OBlit.); tuia gerema qi-il-tum igreu as ifthe forest itself had become hostiletoward him RA 45 174:59 (OB lit.); dridGIA.TIR-ia ul utarra ana arkilu him whogoes down to my (the fox's) woods I donot let go back again Lambert BWL 200r. iv 1; see also arddu A mng. la-12';ultu dunni qi-Sd(var. adds -a)-ti usdmma(the fire) came out of the depth of theforests(?) AfO 23 41:20 (inc.), also LKU 59:9,cf. ana GI§.TIR [GI§].ERIN ridima AfO 23

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qiltu A41:25; mannu .. . ki DUMU DN qi-d-ti-ka ugarrip who like the son of Gubabahas burnt your forests? Biggs gaziga 18 r. 2;[am]mini ana ki-rim api ugguli tazarrunablz [in]a GI§.TIR a Idbulat tuqattarqutra (see qatdru v. mng. 3a) LambertBWL 194:16; namdra // KASKAL 1 d GIA.GIu GI§.TIR (see namdru s.) JNES 33 332:38(comm.); §umma GIA.TIR IGI.IGI-mar if(the patient fancies that) he sees a forest(followed by GI§.GI canebrake and kir2date grove) LabatTDP 196:76; [Adad (GI)].AMBAR.MEA U GI§.TIR.ME irahhiqammaACh Adad 19:35, cf. GIS.GI GIS.TIR MAS.ANAE Adad irahhi Labat Calendrier § 93:10,also ibid. p. 230 r. 12, GI§.GI.ME GIB.TIR.ME§ Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 527r. 11, cf. [lu ina GI].OGI lu ina qi- d-a-tiK.8037+ :15 (tamztu, courtesy W. G. Lambert),for other occs. beside apu see apu Ausage a; Adad GIA.TIR.ME§ irahhi Adadwill beat down the woods ACh gama 8:4;nakru hurriP(J.ME GI§.TIR.ME§ U mah x[.. .] CT 20 7 K.5151:7 and dupl. 49:8 (SBext.); dulbu 6urathu balti ekalli[Su ... ]kima GI§.TIR eli tamirti4u tardnu uaMSihe had plane trees and §urathu trees,the pride of his palace, [. . .] shade itsenvirons like a grove TCL 3 206 (Sar.);kzma GI§.TIR ereni eli tamirti<(u>nu ,illutarguma (in the high mountains every-where covered with trees) a shadow liesover the region as if it were in a cedargrove TCL 3 16 (Sar.); kima GI§.TIR ha uriirissu uS.tMu I made its (the temple's)fragrance as sweet as a cedar grove(by roofing it with various woods) VAB4 256 ii 5 (Nbn.), cf. maSdahu beli rabiMardukc kma GIS.TIR ereni [...] ibid.156 A v 51 (Nbk.); ki narkabti ubbuhat eperitdhazi ki epinni ubbuhat eperz GIA.TIR.ME like a chariot, she (the woman inchildbirth) is enveloped in the dust ofbattle, like a plow she is enveloped in thedust of the woods Iraq 31 31:39 (MA inc.).

f) in descriptive names of insects,animals, and plants: burus. gn.na =

qiltuzi-za-nu, buru5 .g&n.tir.ra = MIN qi6-tum (vars. qiS-ti and qil-te) Hh. XIV 235f.;see argaru A and zumbu lex. sections,cf. also MU§ GI§.TIR forest snake CBS7005 r. 12 (OB snake inc., courtesy I. L. Finkel);for plants see labubittu.

g) guards: [ma]-.a-ar GI§.TIR [...]utammi I made the guard of the foresttake an oath Kraus, AbB 5 79:2; ma.garqi-i.-ti A XII/55:4 (Susa let., courtesy J. Bot-t6ro), EN.NU.UN TIR UET7 73 iii33; [ann]'tui4karu []a URU Nuzi u Lt.ME [m]a-a-ga-ar ,a GI§.TIR.ME inaMN ubiluni these(implements and baskets of food) are thedelivery from Nuzi, and the forest guardsbrought it in MN HSS 13 315:28 (= RA 36156); for other refs. see ma. aru mng.lb-3'; note: PN u PN2 UGULA GI§.TIR.HI.AOECT 3 33:6 (OB let.); see also enungallu.

qiltu B s.; (a part of the head or of thebody); lex.*

uzu.sag.du.E.fB, uzu.bar.sag, uzu.u 4 .tdi.u , u zu.a.za.ad = qil-tum MIN (= qaq-qa-du)Hh. XV 6-8a; [. .. ], uzu.bar.sag, ku§.tum(or<E>.fB?), gur 5 .ru, gur 5.ut, su.u.gur 5 .gur 5 .ru = MIN (= qil-tum) §d qaq-qa-di Nabnitu J154a-159; tu-[u]m TUM = qi-i-[tum] A VII/2:153.

qigtu (qiltu) s.; 1. gift presented togods, votive offering, 2. gift, gratuity,baksheesh, 3. honorarium, fee, compen-sation; from OAkk. on; pl. q idtu, stat.const. qi ti and qiat (ARM 7 14:10 andpassim in Mari and in OB and MB personalnames, note NfG.BA-SU-nu YOS 7 156:15,NB); wr. syll. and NfG.BA; cf. qdfu.

nig.ba = qi-il(var. -il)-tum Hh. I 5; nig.ba =qil-tu(var. -tur) Nabnitu J 68; nig.ba = qi-il-tum ErimhuI III 173, also Nigga Bil. B 98; 6m.ba = nig.ba = qi-is-tu Emesal Voc. III 47; gii.gigimmar.nig.ba = .a qiS-te Hh. III 321; Ae.nfg.ba = MIN (= e-im) qi-tum Hh. II 112; gi .gu.za.nfg.ba = Id qiT-ti Hh. IV 83.

d v = bi-ib-lu, qi-il-tum A II/4:22 f.; [ti-il(?)]TI = qi-il-tum A II/3 Section D 8; a.ri.a = qi-is-tum (in group with piqittu, puqudd, nudunn2)ErimhuS V 36.

a.a.zu a.nam.ur.sag.gA.zu.s6 nig.ba ha.ra. an. b a. : abaka ana idi qarrddutika qiS-ta li-

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qiltuqi4-ka (see qarriditu) Angim II 31 (= 90), also32 (= 91).

qi-tum, 6um-man-nu = bil-tum Malku IV 176f.;pu-us-su-u = um-[man-nu], qi-iS-tu = bil-[tu] MalkuVIII 158f.

1. gift presented to gods, votiveoffering - a) in royal inscrs.: u .. .qi-iS-td-su ittiru he who takes away his(Intuginak's) (votive) gift MDP 4 pl. 2 iv 11(Puzur-Iniuginak); 5ar GN u GN2 itti irbz uqi-a-a-ti(var. -tim) mahar gamal ... luuierib I brought the kings of Angan andgerihum before gamai with (other) giftsand presents RA 7 180 ii 14, var. from CT32 1 ii 24 (NB Cruc. Mon. Manigtugu), see JEOL20 55:55, cf. a. . . irba u qi-Md-a-ti uhmu,tu mahar be bee (the king) who promptlybrings (tribute, etc.) gifts and presents tothe lord of lords VAS 1 37 ii 17 (Merodach-baladan II kudurru), cf. also AAA 20 pl. 90:16(Asb.); qi-Md-a-ti a kaspi u hurd5i anailbni Esagila lu addin I presented giftsof silver and gold to the gods of Esagila5R 33 vi 10 (Agum-kakrime), cf. ibid. v 46; (theking) Sa ... qi-a-a-tim mdr ummdniunuti . . . ana Marduk u arpdnitu uzak=

ki unuti who has released (and ded-icated) these craftsmen to Marduk andSarpanitu as presents ibid. vii 4; with qdSu:NIG.BA-,U ana Itar [... ana bal]dtiJ ui-qi AOB 1 52:7, see Grayson Chronicles 185;I offered holy sacrifices to the great godsu-qa-i-a qi-a-a-ti presented (them)with gifts Rost Tigl. III pl. 21 (p. 56 n. 4) D.T.3: 10, cf. Winckler Sar. pl. 35:144, parallel Iraq 16191:19, VAS 1 71 ii 22, cf. u-qa-a-a-i4 qi-Aa-a-ti OIP 2 81:29 (Senn.), cf. NfG.BA.ME§ana ildni rabiti aq-qi4 WO 2 150:83 (Shalm.III); mimma aqru niqirte ekalliu ina GNmahar DN useribuma i-qi-Mu qi-6d-as-suthey brought all kinds of precious thingsfrom the treasury of his palace to Haldiain GN and presented them to him as giftsTCL 3 + KAH 2 141:340 (Sar.); a-qi ana qi5-tiBorger Esarh. 94:38 and r. 1.

b) in rit.: ina balu NfG.BA U kadrd mdrbdri alar dni la itehhi the diviner must

qi§tunot approach the place of the oraculardecision without a gift or offering BBRNo. 1-20:117; abne annitte ana NfG.BA.ME§iddan these stones he gives as presents(to the gods enumerated) MVAG 41/3 10 ii 13(MA rit.), cf. van Driel Cult of AgAur 130 vi 9,cf. also 6arru 6igi iaassi NfG.BA ana iiiSuati BA RAcc. 38 r. 24, also (in connectionwith the lig2 rit.) 4R Add. p. 10 to pl. 54 No. 2obv.(!) 21, 36; ana DN NIG.BA likrub heshould offer a present to Adad Bab. 4104:15, and passim in this text, cf. NfG.BA li -rik CT 4 5:19, also (at the end of the rit.)NfG.BA(var. adds .ME§) ana ili sd§unuilakkan RA 21 132 r. 9, cf. also CT 23 7 ii 35;[k Sar]ru qi-a-a-te [a]nnd[t]e it-ta-an-n[u-...] as soon as the king gave(?) allthese presents (to the god) ZA 50 194:9,cf. ibid. 8, also mimma anniu qe-el-t[u]ibid. 7 (MA rit.); qiS-ti-[S] iqabbi lumunlu[ipattar] he announces his gift (to thegod), (and then) the evil will depart BBRNo. 66 r. 19 (NA); DN bullitima NIG.BA-kileqe Gula, keep me in good health, acceptyour gift AMT 10,1 iii 5, also AMT 9,1 ii 47,38,2 ii 6 + 42,4 ii 10 (= Kocher BAM 508 ii 10),dupl. Kocher BAM 509 i 9, AMT 45,5 r. 9, wr.qi-gat-ki Kocher BAM 533:47, qiA-td ibid.577:5, qi-i4-t AMT 93,3:11; NfG.BA-kamahrdta gamma §a baldti idnamma youhave received your gift, (now) give me theplant of life Kocher BAM 248 iv 34, and dupl.AMT 67 iv 27, cf. AAA 22 48 iii 19; izba ittisudi2 u u qi-Sd-ti-Si ana ndri tanaddi youthrow the malformed animal togetherwith travel provisions and gifts for itinto the river Or. NS 34 127 r. 15 (namburbi),cf. KI.GAR tuqadda NIG.BA tanaddin4iOr. NS 39 143:19 (namburbi); with qdfu: anaetemme kimti kispa takassip NfG.BA.ME§ta-qa-su-nu-[ti] you present a funeraryoffering to the spirits of the dead of thefamily and give them gifts BBR No. 52:14,cf. ibid. 17; aq-ti-ak-ki NIf.BA-ki rabzti Ipresent you with a great gift for youFarber Ittar und Dumuzi 134:117, cf. aq-qi-ak-ki ibid. 130:60, of. also NfG.BA ana

Dumuzi BA-a4 ibid. 185:12.

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qiTtuc) other occs.: I recovered from my

serious sickness and the god Aplukka ofIrhanda asked me to enter into an associa-tion with him u mannumme ana iii duniqe §a tapputti eppau NfG.BA.HI.A ma'diubbal u uqndtu ubbal and whoever makesthe tappitu offering to that god has tobring many gifts and also blue woolMRS 9 223 RS 17.383:40; (prisoners of war)NIG.BA sarrim ana DN Speelers Recueil 250:5.cf. YOS 5 207:48, 57 (both OB); §umma ina MNgar mdti ... NIG.BA ana iii iddin if inMN the king of the country (builds atemple, etc., or) gives a present to a godLabat Calendrier § 32:1, cf. umma parakkuana ilani NfG.BA.ME sa-fdirl if the kingregularly brings gifts to the gods CT 40 8K.2192:7 (SB Alu); the king nile'u anaNfG.BA i-qa-ds-su Hunger Uruk 3 r. 5 and14; kaspu NfG.BA a PN PN 2 mar 6ipri aLt Sa muhhi bitdni etir PN 2 , the deputyof the official in charge of the innerquarters, has received the silver, the giftof PN (to the temple?) VAS 4 85:1 (NB);PN ... ana muhhi NfG.BA.ME§ Aa arruiddin aptaqid ... NIG.BA a PN akannamah[rdk] YOS 3 90:12 and 17 (NB let.).

2. gift, gratuity, baksheesh - a) in gen.:alldni erbi tiamti u qi-i4-tdm iebilam sendme (with the fuller) acorns, shellfish, anda gift(?) OIP 27 6:6, cf. qi-ig-tdm u @hir[n]... ebilim BIN 6 20:30 (both OA); when thebrothers divide (the estate) qi-i-ti abumiddinulum ileqqma he (the preferred son)will take (first) the gift his father gavehim, and (afterward they will divide therest of the paternal estate equally) CH§ 165:44; NfG.BA [§d URU] -rfSu U ri u... ana PN mari4u iddi Su he made apresent (of his property) in the city andoutside to PN, his (adopted) son MDP22 1:6, cf. NIG.BA Sd URU-6dS U EDIN-fa(in broken context) ibid. 133:6; a maleslave NfG.BA PN ezib nudunndsa the giftfor PN apart from her dowry YOS 8 71:3(OB), cf. abi wardam Sudti kzma qi-iS-tianajdli liddina PBS 7 60:30, cf. [ana q1] -

qiAtui-ti-a [. . .] luddini[mma] ibid. 109:31;kaspam anniam ... ul 6imam anaddinerikama ana qi-ig-tim taddina46u I willnot pay this silver as a purchase price,I asked you (for it) and you gave it tome as a present ibid. 16:18; beli ana qi-i-ti-ia iddinaMu my lord gave it (theass) to me as a present for me ARM 2136:22; (various implements) a ana qi-i5-ti- ka1 nadnukum YOS 2 105:22; ammz=nim qi-[iAl-ta-ka la ikudanni why hasyour gift not yet come to me? ABIM 15:26;zeram u ukulldm a ereii Iubilam inidtumga eriei lu qi-ig-ta-a-ka (see initu A mng.2b) YOS 2 126:15; inuma tallakam qi-if-ta-ka tammar when you come you willfind a gift for you ibid. 66:13 (all OB letters);qi-4a-tim mdddtimma lu-qi-si-im I want togive her (my daughter) many gifts ARM2 51:21; PN has grown up in this palacefrom childhood ina qaran Si-ba(?)-ti-luana PN2 ana NfG.BA tanaddiMu (see qarnumng. 6a) ARM 10 57:9, cf. ibid. 97:11, 18,and 25; PN kf[ma] NfG.BA-4u SaPN2 1 AN§E.NITA ... ana PN 2 iddin PN gave a he-ass(etc.) as the gift due to PN2 (his father-in-law who gave him a mulugu) HSS 1979:14, also HSS 5 76:9, cited mulugu; iddin:Summa ana qiM-ti-6 2 MA.NA rulSd hurda(the mayor) gave him two minas of redgold as a gift STT 38:107, see AnSt 6 154(Poor Man of Nippur), cf. i-qis-su-ma ana qi6-t[i-Si en-z]a-a ibid. 143; ana dumqi qi-§d-a-ti u tagbdti ana mahriiunu e tettiq donot approach them to get favors, presents,and gratification(?) AnSt 5 108:171 (Cuth-ean legend).

b) for services performed or expected:Sa ta'ta NfG.BA.ME u ulmdna ina qdtmuladbibi updqirdn eqli imahharuma idabbubu he who accepts any type of gratuityfrom someone who induces (him) to makea claim (on the field) or from a claimantto the field, and contests (the grant) BBSt.No. 11 ii 6, also RA 16 126 iii 18 (NB kudurrus); inaGN ana dummuqikunu min qi-il-ta-ku-nuwhat is your reward for your good deeds

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qiltu(done for the king) in Babylon? CT 4 2 r. 7,cf. dummiqma qi-id-ta-ka eranni VAS 16131:27 (both OB letters); jelmi Sarru bilnuawdte ardut kitti4u u jadina NfG.BA anaardilu u tidaggalu ajdbunu u tikkalu epramay the king, our lord, listen to thewords of his faithful servants and givethem a reward so that our enemies willsee this and eat dust (i.e., be defeated)EA 100:33 (let. from the city of Irqata); qi-ii-tikarrum [a]na redim iddinu (if an officertakes away) the gift the king gave to asoldier CH § 34:59, cf. reddm udammaquma... [ukct]annuma qi-iS-tam mattam ileqquARM 1 27:23, see von Soden, Or. NS 21 78, cf.also (oil distributed) inuma qi-a-at<UKU>.U§ um NfG.DU GAL at the occasionof the (giving of) gifts to the soldiers onthe day of the banquet ARM 7 14:10, also49:12 and 84:11', cf. the Elamites alSumnaptanem a um qi-a-<< te> -ti-u-nu nazqu(see naptanu mng. la) ARMT 13 32:15,also ibid. 20; [al]um qi-4a-at [Lt].ME§GAL.KUD.ME2 U laputte ARM 5 3:6, cf. ibid.13, ARM 4 74:17, 32, and 34; RN... ana abbeIdamaras qi-6a-tim i-qe-e6-ma RN used togive presents to the sheikhs of IdamarasSyria 19 109:28 (Mari let.); TtG.HI.A ana qi-ia-tim ina qdtim ul ibazi there are nogarments available for gifts (for thesheikh) OBT Tell Rimah 82:9, cf. ibid. 15;(garments) NfG.BA.ME uhadre as giftsto the servants YOS 5 224:18, cf. ibid. 31;(oxen) NfG.BA ekallim gift from the palaceRiftin 56:7; houses given to PN NfG.BALUGAL YOS 8 153:15; x silver NfG.BAPN Riftin 52:2 and 6 (OB); silver qi-6a-atmar gipr ARM 7 117:8, (a silver cup)§a qi-ig-ti PN ibid. 9; 20 MA.NA annakumia qi-ig-ti PN u PN 2 RA 64 99:6 (Mari);note, given to insure a favorable decisionby the king: qi-i4-ti mahar belija agkunI have presented my gift to my lord ARM2 32:19; qi-ig-[tam . . .] idi[n] give bak-sheesh (to the spies, parallel: qubdtamlubbid) ARM 1 10:15; j MA.NA URUDUana qi-ii-ti-u idnau give (pl.) him (themessenger) x copper as baksheesh ARM 10

qitu175:24; hep' aa nagbim lillikunimma qi-i4-ta-5u-nu luddinunuim.. . .attum dannatamum qi-i-tim ana Mari nillakammaannanum alpuni ... imaqqutu let thehewers (?) of the .... come and I willgive them the salary due them, (they said)The weather is severe, if we go to Marifor our salary, our herds will die here ARM14 26:25 and 29; x silver for PN inuma qi-iS-ti ga Sarri uleli when he brought theking's gift (in list of gifts on the occasionof a wedding) Wiseman Alalakh 409:10 (OB),cf. (uncert.): total: x silver for DUG.GAL.HI.A qi(?) -iS-ti (on the occasion of awedding) ibid. 378:19 (OB); anumma sis1S. . ana NIG.BA Sa ahija ultebil now I amsending horses as a gift for my brotherMRS 12 7B:7; IGI PN ah abi a PN2 10 GfNKT.BABBAR NIG.BA-SU ilteqe (first) wit-ness: PN, uncle of PN 2 (the seller), he tookten shekels of silver as his gratuity (forrenouncing his claims) PSBA 14 pl. afterp. 146:35, cf. (first) witness PN (neighborof the date grove sold) 3 GIN KIT.BABBARqi-il-tum ilteqe Dar. 37:32; qi- d-a-td i-qis-su-nu-ti-ma ussiq isqetu (the king) gavethem (the citizens of Babylon and Bor-sippa) grants and apportioned lots (tothem) VAS 1 37 iii 34 (Merodachbaladan IIkudurru); amat farri ,I mamma NfG.BA ulisabbat it is an order from the king: no onewill accept baksheesh BIN 1 73:20 (NB let.).

c) in ceremonial exchanges betweenkings: qi-i-4a-a-ti.ME§ a ahija ultebi=lamma the gifts that my brother (Ame-nophis III) used to send me EA 29:83(let. of TuAratta); annuti NIG.BA.ME§ Mf.U§.ME9 gabbagunuma all these bridal gifts(given to the groom) EA 22 iv 43 (list of giftsof TuAratta); I honored the messengersand the dragoman of my brother as Iwould a god NfG.BA.ME ma-'-ta attatad:din[gunu] (and) always gave them manygifts (for you) EA 21:27 (let. of Tuiratta);x SAL.TUR.SAL.ME X Lt.ME aszr? nadnati [a]na qdti PN NfG.BA Sarri belija xgirls (and) x prisoners I gave to PN as

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qiltu

gifts for the king, my lord EA 288:22 (let.from Abdi-Hepa); minumm NfG.BA.ME -Au-nu liqbi u littinunim whatever gifts (theofficer of my lord) asks for, let them give(them to him) EA 53:51 (let. from Qatna);minumm& mdrat RN sar Amurri lu kaspa luhurda ... lu IGI.DU g.A lu NIG.BA lu .tdtu... a ina libbi mat Ugarit mdrat RN . ..epuSu [g]abba ana RN2 §ar Ugarit irtehuwhatever property of the daughter of RN,the king of Amurru, there is, be it silveror gold, or tribute(?), or gift or presentthat the daughter of RN has acquired(while) in Ugarit, all remains with RN2 ,the king of Ugarit MRS 9 127 RS 17.396:8(divorce); if a royal prince or a noble comesfrom the land of Hatti as a messengerto Ugarit u a hadi libbi Sa §ar mat Ugaritana maganni naddnSu liddin u Sa la lib=biSu ana naddni NIG.BA-Au lu la inandinla rikiltu AStu (see magannu A mng. 1)ibid. 83 RS 17.382+ :58 (edict of Murgili); anaA 4uraji ... marissu ana NfG.BA-Auittadin (Suttarna) gave the Assyrian(king) his (TuSratta's) treasures as a giftKBo 1 3:7 (treaty); hali GN .... ana PN Samat GN2 ana NfG.BA-SU attadin I gave thefortress of GN to PN (the ruler) of GN2 asa gift ibid. 1:26.

d) given among gods: Anu, Enlil, andEa u-qa-i-Su-us qi-Sd-a-ti presented giftsto him (Marduk) En. el. V 80, cf. (the net)qi-is-ti abiSu Ani the gift of his fatherAnu ibid. IV 44; ilu mahriSu liSeribu ka=drdSun may the gods bring their giftsbefore him (Marduk) ibid. VII 110, withcomm.: qi-d-a-td a ina MN itu UD.6.KAM adi UD.12.KAM nadna the gifts thatare given in the month of Nisannu fromthe sixth to the twelfth day CT 13 32 r. 6;qiS-td Ea ana Qingu i-qis (in broken con-text) LKA 73 r. 9; mdr-ipriki lillikammapa6ura liptur qi-ta-a-ka limhur mayyour messenger come to me, may heremove (the dish) from the table, receivethe gift (of food) for you STT 28 i 36 (Nergaland Eretkigal), see AnSt 10 110.

qi§tu

e) bestowed by gods on men - 1' inroyal inscrs.: ana udti DN u DN2 ana RN... Sulmam u baldtam ... ana qi-i[S -timli-qi-u-6um ana Jeriktim liArukuumtherefore may Zababa and IStar bestowon Samsuiluna as a gift, give him as apresent well-being and life RA 63 37:151(Samsuiluna), cf. (Samai) ana qi-i4-ti-Suiddium gave him (scepter and mace)as a gift RA 61 42:122, corr. to Sum.nig.ba.ni.§6 mu.na.an.sum YOS 936:117, dupl. 37:119f., cf. [ana lirikti lid]gruku u ana qi§-ti [liqissu] JAOS 88 127 ii b10 (NB votive); IStar, the Lady of Battleqatu dannatu iltahu amru i-qi-§d-an-niana qiM-ti presented me a strong bow(and) a fierce javelin as a gift (parallel:i4ruka irikt) Borger Esarh. 46 ii 39; DNtupSar gimri ihzi nemeqiu i-qi-Sd-an-niana qiA-ti Nabf, the scribe of the uni-verse, presented me the precepts of hiswisdom as a gift (parallel: ilruka 6irikte)Streck Asb. 254 i 11.

2' in personal names: Qi-iA-ti-NabiumYOS 13 138:3, Qi-a-at-Sin UET 5 114:23(OB), cf. Qi-at-Sin BE 14 19:8 (MB), Qi-iS-ti-Irra UET 5 706:4, cf. TCL 1 238:52, ARM10 9:5, and passim in OB; Qi-i-ta-mur-riJENu 799:13, also, wr. Qi-il-ta-mu-li HSS9 75:4, HSS 16 333:19, etc., see Cassin Anthro-ponymie 1 84 sub Qit-Amurri; NfG.BA-dMardukKAJ 95:19, cf. 235:5 (MA), BE 14 7:37, BE 15157:4 and 21 (MB), ABL 1016:1 (NB); Qi-i-tum UET 5 252:3, BIN 7 3:4, YOS 13 135:2,4, TLB 4 42:12, and passim in OB, Qi-i6-tiMDP 23 218:6, and passim in Elam; Qi-Sa-tumBE 17 56:4 (MB); NIG.BA-ia VAS 1 70 ii 13and v 14 (NB), Qi-iS-te-ia HSS 14 619:19,etc., see Cassin Anthroponymie 1 84 sub QiSteia.

3. honorarium, fee, compensation - a)in gen.: umma itinnum bitam ana awizimipuma uSaklilLum ana 1 SAR bitim 2 GfNKt.BABBAR ana qi-il-ti-u inaddiMum(see itinnu A usage b-l') CH § 228:62,cf. (referring to the fee of a boatwright) ibid.§ 234:8; x silver Nf G.BA Sa asumitti asfee for a stela VAS 4 39:1 (NB); NfG.BA-SU

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qiltuPN ana PN2 inandin PN will give (x silver)to PN2 as his fee (in other contracts calledidu) (for teaching the apprentice car-pentry) Zeitschrift fir die Kunde des Morgen-landes 2 pl. after p. 324:9, see Oelsner, WO 8316f.; 50 GUR SE.BAR NIG.BA-SU-nu U6 GUR PAD.HI.A-Su-nu latammu qpuu PN inandin4unuti uttata a 50 GUR inaMN inandinu' u PAD.HI.A ina MN 2 inan:dinu' the Satammu official, the qpuofficial, and PN will give them fifty gurof barley as their salary and six guras their food portion, the fifty gur theywill give in the month of Ajaru, the foodportion they will give in abafu YOS 7156:15, cf. ibid. 6; kim isqi atitu PN NfG.BA ana PN2 iq-ti-4 PN gave PN2 (x silver)as compensation for the income of thedoorkeeper's office VAS 5 37:16; (con-cerning) my field that you received assecurity from PN NfG.BA qi-§a-an-ni-maummdt eqleti luddakkamma zera udtipanika lidgul PN2 10 GfN KT.BABBAR NfG.BA ana fPN3 i-qi-if give me compensationand I will give you the documents con-cerning the fields so that this field maybelong to you, PN2 gave ten shekels ofsilver to 'PN3 (and fPN3 handed over thedocuments to PN2) Cyr. 337:11 and 14 (allNB).

b) (in Nuzi) given in lieu of purchaseprice to the person who adopts the buyerof inalienable property to make possibleits acquisition by the buyer: PN gavea field to PN2 as his inheritance share uPN2 ina umi ann x annaka kima NIO.BA-gUana PN iddin and the same day PN2 gave xtin to PN as his compensation HSS 5 56:15,HSS 19 39:26, and passim in adoption contracts,wr. kima qi-il-ti-u JEN 530:5, also 86:9,411:11, cf. [kima] qi-il-ti-i-ni JEN 591:17,ana qi-i-ti-i-Su JEN 439:8, kima NfG.BA-tiHSS 9 19:26, klma NfG.BA.MER-Au JEN402:13, note kima NfG.PA-4i JEN 29:14;note in an exchange transaction: (x land)PN kima NfI.BA-ti ana Tehiptilla iddin uTehiptilla x SE.MES kima NfG.BA-6U arna

qi§uPN iddin JEN 556:3 and 6, cf. RA 23 152 No.44:8; note also (not styled as adoption)PN gave a field to PN2 i-na bi-ta e-pe-i...U PN2 qi(text di)-il-ta 1 alpa ittadin anaPN HSS 13 20:6, (as purchase price? for a slave)HSS 19 42:5, cf. also JEN 555:5.

For ki-mil-tu misinterpreted as qi-i4-tuand wr. NfG.BA, see kimiltu, and addpossibly Labat Calendrier § 41':22, cited bdruB usage a. In ACh Adad 8:7 and 36:10 readNfG.NA.ME.

qiu adj.; granted, given as a present,as a votive gift; from OAkk., OB on;cf. qdMu.

a) in gen.: ildnilunu ki qi(var. qi) -§u-te ana ASur ... lu aqi4 their gods Ipresented as votive gifts to DN KAH 283:17 (Adn. II), var. from AfO 3 158 r. 13 (Aggur-dan II).

b) in personal names: Qi-um MAD 1p. 198f. s.v. Gi-Sum (OAkk.); Qi-iS]-Nu-nuGranted-by-DN YOS 13 418:17, Qi-il-dBa-uUET 5 707:28, and passim in OB, cf. YOS 13102:6, 374:10; Qi-i-DN BE 14 43:16, BE 15131:8 (MB); Qi-i- MAR.TU KAJ 161:4, 8,65:4, 13 (MA), cf. Qi-i4-A-mu-ur-ri JEN456:4, Qi-i6-Ku-bi AASOR 16 28:16, 57:30(Nuzi).

qghu (qiu) s.; thicket; OB, SB; cf.qitu A.

gi.ui gi.henbur(§E.KAK) ambar git.gi gig.tir.sux(su).gA ba.dim u.sdim.edin.na ba.ddu[kur.ku]r.ra ambar giL.gi.na.rnam1 : uuditta appdri qand u qi-ii ibtani urqt ~eri ibtanima-ta-a-tum appdri apumma he created the matureand the tender reed, the reed marsh, the reeds andthe thicket, he created the vegetation of the opencountry, all lands were indeed reed marsh CT 1337:25ff.

qi-mum = MIN (= qi-i6-tum) CT 18 4 iv 9.

ina qi-Ai [u api] i4ziu lammi in thicketand reed marsh vegetation grew profuselyLambert BWL 177:18, also (in broken context)ibid. 165:4; apu u qi-d ulahrarma ki dGI.BAR aqa[mmu] I will devastate cane-

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qilubbfbrake and reed thicket, burning themlike the Fire god Cagni Erra IIc 28, cf. apiu qi-i-6i (var. q--e-u) u-Sah-rib(var. -ra)-ma ki dGIA.BAR iqmi ibid. IV 149; ina apigirrdku ina qi-6i magfardk in the reedsI am the fire, in the thicket I am themagaru ax ibid. I 113, cf. (in broken context)ibid. IIIc 61; [in]a [q]i-i-Si (var. qi(?)-6e)danni liktappiru gupn[uiu] apu a nereba[1] a is li[h] tasi6u qani[Su] in the strongthicket may the trees be cut down, maythe reeds of the impenetrable reed thicketbe broken ibid. I 71; emi qi-i-hum-ma(var. ki dI-4um-ma) ibid. IV 145, see CagniErra p. 244f.; fD.ME§ TUR.ME§ apu qi-uiku palgu quppu kappu namkaru liqnu(see apu A usage a) JNES 15 134:63 (lipurlit.); melemmu ihalliqu ina qi-6i-im theradiance will disappear from the forestGilg. O. I. 11, see Greengus Ishchali 277:15.

For alap qii (or kili) "buffalo(?)," seealap kii.

qilubbft see kiubb2.

qitajf adj.; final; SB; wr. syll. andBE with phon. complement; cf. qat v.

nishu qi-ta-a-a-u final excerpt KAR 63r. 22, wr. nishu BE -a-a-u ACh Supp. 2 72r. 9, see Hunger Kolophone No. 199 and 508.

qitajulu s.; daze(?); SB; cf. qdluA.qi-ta-a-a-u-lu = bi-ki-tu Izbu Comm. 157; gir-

ra-a-ni = bi-[ki-tum], qi-ta-a-a-u-lu = qu-ui-[lu]Lambert BWL 36 comm. to line 106 (LudlulComm.).

umu Sutdnuhu miAu girrdni arhu qi-ta-a-a-u(var. -u) -lu idirtu 6attu by day thereis sighing, by night lamentation, (all)month daze, gloom (all) year Lambert BWL36: 106 (Ludlul II), for comm., see lex. section;ina mili pulhu ina kal umi qi-ta-a-a--luGAR-6U KAR 42:13 and dupls., see Farber IAtarund Dumuzi 56:9, cf. qi-ta-a-a-i-lum GAR-SgiLabat Calendrier § 37:8, 38:8, p. 220:19f.,p. 222:15f.

qitmu**qitbulu (AHw. 924a) see qubbulu disc.section. In Winckler Sar. 168 (= pl. 48:6) readBU.BU.LU = ,ite'u, and delete this ref.sub kitpulu.

qitimu see qitmu.

qititu s.; (a garment); syn. list.*qi-ti-tu = lu-bu-u-tu Malku VI 85, from STT 393.

Variant to kititu, q.v.

qitmu (qitimu) s.; 1. (a black dye), 2.black discoloration; OB, Mari, SB; wr.syll. and IM.SAHAR.GI 6.KUR.RA.

im.sahar.gi 6.kur.ra = qit(var. qi-ti)-mu(between annuharu and aban gabu) Hh. XI 312;im.sahar.g[i 6.kur.ra] = [q]it-mu= [NA 4 ga-bi-i]Hg. B III 134a, in MSL 7 113.

1. (a black dye) - a) in gen.: hilihtiakdpim ina qdtim ul iballi huratam qi-it-ma-am u annuhara liqtam 'a mahrikiiba .i uibilim there are no materialsavailable for the leather worker, sendhlratu dye, q., and choice(?) annuharufrom what is available to you OBT TellRimah 128:16; qi-it-ma-am u annuharamana mifit ekallim kaspam nittanaddinmanitana'am (see mitztu mng. le) ARMT 1343:6, cf. annuharam q[i-i]t-ma-a[m] ukiprem ana hiihtim a ekallim liSFi2nimibid. 16, cf. also qi-it-[ma-aml (in brokencontext) ARM 5 72:16; 1 (BAN) qi-it-muCT 51 25:1 (OB); x is the coefficient ofqi-it-mu-um MCT 136:27, see Or. NS 29 305;x gold a qi - it-mi-im (parallel: Sa gi-ir-pi-im line 6) Riftin 50:12.

b) in med. and pharm.: tNUMUNqit-mi : t NUMUN.NfG.GAN.GAN A 3476:4(Uruanna App.); (j qit-ma : t NA 4 ga-bi-iUruanna III 507; IM.SAHAR.GI 6 .KUR.RA iname iSattima ine'e4 he drinks q. in waterand gets well KScher BAM 396 i 1; annuharaqit-<ma> ina KU§ (you wear) alluharumineral and q. in a phylactery KocherBAM 311:24, also, wr. [IM.SAHA]R.BABBAR.KUB.RA IM.SAHAR.GI 6.KUR.RA ibid. 245:7,IM.SAHAR.BABBAR.KUR.RA IM.SAHAR.GI 6 .

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qitpuKUR.RA IM.SAHAR.NA 4.KUR.RA (amongingredients for a lotion) ibid. 168:8, IM.SAHAR.NA 4 .KUR.RA IM.SAHAR.GI 6 .KUR.RA (for a salve) ibid. 3 i 7, Kiichler Beitr.pl. 20 iv 38, also IM.SAHAR.GI 6.KUR.R[A

... ] AMT 5,5:3 (= Kocher BAM 494 iii22); IM.SAHAR. <NA 4 ) .KUR.RA IM.SAHAR.BABBAR.KUR.RA IM.SAHAR.GIs.KUR.RA(followed by various colored earths)Kocher Pflanzenkunde 36 iii 24 (pharm. inv.).

c) in comparisons: §umma awilumSdrassu kima qi-it-mi salmat if a man's

hair is as black as q. AfO 18 66 ii 37 (OBphysiogn.), parallel Kraus Texte 3b ii 51, dupl.4c ii 25, cf. (a star) kzma qit-mi i.-[.. .]LKU 108:16.

2. black discoloration: alMum nubalhurd.im qi-it-mi nussuhi[m] belZ uwa'=eranni ina qi-it-mi-im iltukuma ul innasihconcerning the removal of the blackdiscoloration on the golden chariot, mylord has given me orders, they tried (towork) on the black discoloration but itcould not be removed ARMT 13 18:6 and 8,cf. aSum ... qi-it-mi-im nasdhim ... qi-ti-im-§u lissuhu ibid. 21:3 and 6; note theplay on words: kima qit-mi liktumuliki4pu$a (see katdmu mng. Id) Maqlu V 36.

Meissner, MAOG 13/2 25 f.

qitpu s.; 1. picking (of grapes), 2.plucked dates; OA, NB; cf. qatdpu.

[zu.lum.pa.kud].da = qit-pu Hh. XXIV 250.

1. picking (of grapes): i-qi-ti-ip ka=rdnim i4aqqulu they will repay (the loan)at (the time of) the grape picking BIN 4186A:6 and B:8, cf. ina qi-ti-ip kirdnimI 697:12, cited Matoug, Studies Landsberger 181n. 44, also Kienast ATHE 67:14, Jankowska KTK80:19.

2. plucked dates: see Hh. XXIV, inlex. section; 13 GTR qi-it-pu Nbn. 708:9.

In ICK 2 116:9 read [a-n]a li-mi-im [Id t]a-da-fi (coll. M. T. Larsen).

Landsberger, JNES 8 294; von Soden, Or. NS37 270.

qitrubuqitrubil adv.; close, in a close battle;OB, SB; cf. qerebu.

a) close: [mu] ttil Anar qit-ru-bi-i§(var. qit-ru-bil) tehema advance close infront of Angar En. el. II 100.

b) in a close battle: nakram qi-it-ru-bi-i§ tekkim (for parallel see qerbid) youwill capture the enemy in a close battleYOS 10 36 i 47 (OB ext.), cf. qi-it-ru-bi-inakrum ikkimka ibid. 45, qit-ru-bi nakruikkimka KAR 428:51, qit-ru-bid nakra addkibid. 35 (SB ext.).

qitrubu s.; attack, melee; SB; cf. qerebu.The king fa ina qi-it-ru-ub belitiu

§arrdni ekdite la pdd'te .. . pd i ten uSaS=kin who by his lordly attack has forcedfierce and merciless kings to accept onesupremacy AKA 196 iii 13, cf. AKA 219:14(Asn.), also (in broken context) qi-it-ru-ubKAH 2 70:5 (Tigl. I); 390 rimdni ina nar-kabdtija pattUte ina qi-it-ru-ub belitijaaduk I killed 390 wild bulls from myhunting chariot in my lordly attack Iraq14 34 ii 88, AKA 205 iv 76 (Asn.), ina qi-it-ru-ub metlutija adik (in same context)WO 1 472 iv 43, cf. KAH 2 112 r. 10 (Shalm.III), Scheil Tn. II r. 53, AKA 139 iv 10 (Tigl. I),for other refs. see metlitu mng 2a; char-iots, horses, wagons, (and) mules faina qit-ru-ub tdhazi umad iru ikuda qdtdjawhich he left behind during the melee Imyself seized OIP 2 24 i 26, also 56:7, cf.narkabdti adi siseina aa ina qit-ru-ubtdhazi danni rdkibilin dikuma u ina mug=Aurama the horse-drawn chariots, whoseriders had been slain during the violentmelee, and which themselves were runningfree ibid. 46 vi 20, also AfD 20 94:105; rabtejaqit-ru-ub tdhazi nakri eliSun idninma ulile't mahdrlu (see dandnu mng. lb-2')OIP 2 50:22 (all Senn.); qit-ru-ub tdhaziludannu nablu muStahmitu the attack of hisfierce battle is a blazing flame BorgerEsarh. 97 r. 13; I, Assurbanipal a inaqibitila rabzti ina qit-ru-ub tdhazi ikkisu

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qitruduqaqqad PN §ar GN who at her (Ninlil's)great command cut off the head ofTeumman, the king of Elam, in close com-bat Streck Asb. 274:4.

qitrudu adj.; valiant, brave; OB, SB;cf. qardu.

taq-ri-du, §d-ka-du = qit-ru-du Malku I 31f.;qi-it-ru-du = git-ma-lu Explicit Malku I 152.

a) as epithet of gods: zikir ummiluidmiam qurddum qi-it-ru-ud tdhazim igda=pu adi[(Su) iggu6?] the hero (Ningirsu)heard the word of his mother, the onevaliant in battle took heart (and) [turnedtoward?] (his) mountain RA 46 92:74, cf.ibid. 94:73 (OB Epic of Zu); (Nergal) dan=dannu q[i] t-ru-du bel abdri BMS 46:16, seeEbeling Handerhebung 114.

b) as epithet of kings: (Sargon) qit-ru-du la ddir tuqmdte the brave one,fearless in battle Lyon Sar. 4:25; mdrPN§akkanakku qit-ru-du pdlih ilz u itardtiandku I (Nabonidus) am the son of Nabil-balassu-iqbi, the brave governor, who re-veres the gods and goddesses VAB 4 252No. 6 i 9 (Nbn.).

*qitrunu see gitrunu.

*qittu see qddtu.

qitu s.; 1. end, termination, 2. puttingan end to; RS, MA, SB, NB, LB; wr.syll. and TIL; cf. qat v.

til.la = qi-i-tum Izi J iii 13.EN ah-ra-a-ti a-di qi-it K.148 obv. 17.

1. end, termination - a) in temporaluse - 1' in gen.: qi-it paleu liAimaumay (A§§ur) decree for him terminationof his dynasty Weidner Tn. 26 No. 15:65,cf. ana qi-it pale Sar GN haldq mdtifuPiepkorn Asb. 63 v 7, also qi-i-it pal& (inbroken context) AfO 18 42:24 (Tn.-Epic),for refs. wr. TIL pale see taqttu; TIL umeend of the days (of life) (apodosis) Kraus

qituTexte No. 3b r. iii 51, CT 28 29:3, CT 38 28:24,47:42, CT 40 34:15 and 19, parallel TCL 6 8r. 10 and 14, and passim in apod., also, wr.qi-it Labat Calendrier 226 KAR 471:8 and 12;iu-ur-ti qi-it umiu lemni 9a ittanamdaru. . . la ikalMada lumma the fate (?) of a badend to his days that he fears should notbefall him IM 67692:329 (tamitu, courtesyW. G. Lambert); [.. .]-zi qi-it bu-HA-ri-u(in broken context) Ugaritica 5 168:10;note qi-ti niq Labat Suse 11 iii 20.

2' in time indications: umma ina MNSamal ina TIL umi i-na-'-dir if in MN thesun becomes eclipsed at the end of the dayACh Supp. 2 Ittar 70:30, cf. a-di qi-ti UD-midUTU a-kim ibid. 27; §umma Adad ina qi-itumi [. .. ] ibid. 96:9; Sin ultu UD.14.KAMadi qi-it arhi [. . .] ACh Ittar 7:75; the kingof Elam ina TIL MN ana Sippar irubentered Sippar at the end ofTaritu CT 3448 ii 39 (Bab. Chron.), cf. adi TIL arhi tukui5a KUR Gu-ti-um bdbdni a Esagil ilm2until the end of the month the shield(-bearers) of GN kept the gates of Esagilsurrounded BHT pl. 14 iii 16 (Nbn. Chron.);ITI BI KI.LAM ,e-im ina SAG ITI 3 PI inaMURUB 4 ITI 3 PI 4 BAN ina TIL IT[I ... ]in that month at the beginning of themonth 3 PI, in the middle of the month3 PI 4 BAN, at the end of the month [x]barley could be bought (for one shekel ofsilver) LBAT 339 r. 6, also (referring to theprice of dates) LBAT 304: 10; naqdr a gine

a ultu MN EN TIL MN 2 MU.X.KAM observa-tions from MN of year x to the end ofMN2 of year x LBAT 256 r. 16', and passimin diaries; ina TIL Gatti §E §a mat AkkadiAdad irahhi at the end of the year Adadwill beat down the barley (crop) of AkkadK.2282:3, cf. ACh IMtar 20:87, 90; bel niqi TAqi-ti MU.1.KAM imdt Labat Suse 6 i 19 (ext.),cf. ina MU BI ina TIL MU arru imdtK.3780(+)6227 i 9 (astrol.); adi TIL a MNkurummata ' atta belu ittanna4luniti uandku adi qi-it MN2 kurummata attanna=Iuniti up to the end of MN you, (my)lord, used to provide them with food, and

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qituI used to provide them with food up tothe end of MN 2 YOS 3 190:10 and 12 (NB let.);ina red Gatti u qi-it atti attattal mirtfrom the beginning to the end of the yearI (the ox) find pasture for myself LambertBWL 178:26 (SB fable); iMtu Nisanni §a re-esatti adi Addari §a qi-it atti IM 67692:237

(tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert); [... .] au[tu ... ] adi TIL MN a MU.2.KAM HungerKolophone No. 180:3; ultu re adi qi-it ahhuahdme n ni from the beginning to the endwe are partners CT 22 155:17 (NB let.).

3' in contractual stipulations: ahi kaspiina reS Satti ahi kaspi ina qi-it <Satti>inandin he will pay part of the silverat the beginning of the year, part of thesilver at the end of the year BRM 1 78:7,of. Nbn. 1030:16, reu gatti x GfN kaspa amini u mahhar inandin qi-it Patti a x GINkaspi ... inandin VAS 5 16:9, cf. ahi kaspiina miil gatti u rz7ti kaspi ina qi-it Sattiinaddin Nbn. 299:7; x kaspa adi qi(!)-itd MN inandin u x kaspa adi qi-it atti

inandin UCP 9 70 No. 62:4 and 6; adi qi-itlandtilu kurummdti u TJG muiptu PN anaPN2 inandin up to the end of his (PN2 's)apprenticeship years PN will provide foodand clothing to PN2 Zeitschrift fuir die Kundedes Morgenlandes 2 p. 324:14 (apprenticeshipcontract), also Camb. 245:10, adi qi-it andtiSuurabbi up to the end of the years of his(lease) he will raise (plants in the dategrove) VAS 5 49:12, cf. ibid. 110:16, Camb.43:8 and 13, adi qi-it Satti . . . ana makkirEanna ittir by the end of the year hewill pay (the barley and dates) to the ex-chequer of Eanna TCL 13 182:24, of. Dar.247:2, 280:15, cf. ina qi-it MU.AN.NA.ME§a4 2-ta VAS 5 121:13, also 115:14; adannuadi qi-it Sa MN .. . iJkunuma they set aterm until the end of MN Moldenke 2 No.53:5, also AJSL 27 219:5; share of a prebendadi qi-it arhi Bagh. Mitt. 5 204 No. 4:3; ultuqi-itMN bitu inapaniu the (rented) houseis at his disposal from the end of MN onBRM 1 85:26, cf. bitu Sa PN adi qi-it SaMN inapani PN2 YOS 6 172:7; x kaspu idi

qitubzti . .. a ultu MN MU.14.KAM adi qi-itMN2 MU.16.KAM RN ... PN ina qdt PN2mahir PN has received from PN2 x silver,the rent for a house from the month ofSab~fu, 14th year, to the end of the monthof Taritu, 16th year, of Nabonidus Nbn.967:4, cf. Dar. 154:6, PBS 2/1 130:3, TCL 13197:2, and passim, mostly for a period month I tomonth XII; (payment for) urdau service aultu UD.1.KAM Sa MN adi qi-it MN2 TuM2-3 220:5, VAS 6 160:4, also (omitting UD.1.KAM)TuM 2-3 222:7, cf. ultu SAG MN .. . adi qi-it MN2 Dar. 206:3; x kaspu qaqqadu a PNina muhhi PN2 adi qi-it arhi a MN kaspuina muhhiJu ul irabbi ki ina qi-it arhi aMN PN2 PN3 itabkamma ana PN ittannu PN2zaki ki PN2 la itabka la ittannu ultu qi-itarhi a MN ina 1 §iqli rebut kaspi inamuhhilu irabbi x silver, the principalbelonging to PN, is owed by PN2 , untilthe end of MN (the amount of) silver thathe owes will not increase. If at the end ofMNPN 2 hands over PN3 to PN, PN2 is cleared.If PN 2 does not hand over PN3, (then) fromthe end of MN on, the silver that he oweswill accumulate interest (at a rate of) onequarter per shekel VAS 4 5:1 ff., cf. kz adiqi-it arhi a MN PN la ittalkima RA 1 3:2;ina qi-it a MN utarrima ana PN inandinNbk. 3:5, Camb. 93:5, AnOr 8 24:5, YOS 7 160:10,Nbk. 436:1, Nbn. 772:14, and passim in similarclauses in NB; hubullu(UR5.RA) kaspiu aadi qi-it a MN ... PN ina qdt PN2 etir PNhas been paid the interest on his silverup to the end of MN by PN2 VAS 4 53: 1, cf.ibid. 123:2, Camb. 96:16, and passim; adi qi-it

a MN PN illakam dibbiu itti PN2 uqattaby the end of MN PN will have settled hislitigation with PN2 TuM 2-3 213:1, cf. inaqi-ti arhi a MN PN amilutti ibbakammaBRM 1 30:1, also TuM 2-3 1:19; note rarelywr. TIL, e.g., ina TIL MN inandin VAS 412:4, ina TIL Sa MN ibid. 117:6, cf. Nbk.45:5, adi TIL MN VAS 4 129:3, 106:1, TCL12 104:4 and 12, TCL 13 198:3, adi TIL SaMN RA 14 155 D.17:3 and 7, Dar. 368:18, 577:7,CT 4 41c:18, Nbk. 16:10, etc., wr. qi-TIL VAS6 150:2, Dar. 61:6.

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b) in spatial use: r_- mihilti u qi-itmihilti ana §ini~u i4assi they read thebeginning and the end of (each) line twice(i.e., as acrostic) JAOS 88 130:13, parallelibid. 132:11; [...] ultu reAiu adi TIL-[Aries ?] from its beginning to its end JCS6 66:9, cf. TCL 6 19 r. 20, see Hunger, ZA 66 249;ultu qi-ti MTL.UR.GU.LA Hunger Uruk 94:31,cf. ibid. 39; on the 24th Venus ina NIMina TIL RIN §r set in the east in the endof (the zodiacal sign) Libra LBAT 236 r. 17,and passim in astron. diaries.

c) other occs.: naphar 60 MU.BI adiqi-ti-u-nu in all, sixty omens, up to theend Labat Suse 9:43 (Izbu); Enima eliS[iJtu riA]iSu adi TIL-U . . . [i]nali herecites Enima eli6 from its beginning to itsend RAcc. 136:281, cf. ZAG.TIL.LA.BI.§k(Akk. reading uncert.) LKU 10 r. 16, seeHunger Kolophone 83, for other refs. see ibid.p. 181 index s.v. ZA.TIL.LA.BI.t.

2. putting an end to: bajdru ana imeriikappuda qabl[a] ana qi-it napitiunuusahhanapataru the hunter was planningan attack on the (wild) donkeys, to putan end to their life he . . . . his knifeLKA 62:6, see Ebeling, Or. NS 18 35 (MA lit.).

For ki-i-tu UCP 9 p. 58 No. 2:10 see kittu Amng. lb-l'. In UET 4 36:13 read maltitu, q.v.

qi'u (or qin'u) s.; envious, jealous per-son; NA*; cf. qenei.

EN qi-'i fa temu i-Id-kan-u-ka-nu-u-niid-d-an-za-ru-ka-nu-ni an envious man

who gives you orders and makes youdetested(?) Wiseman Treaties 328; qi-'-u 5aLUGAL [. . .] (in broken context) K.8779: 11(NA lit.).

von Soden, Or. NS 46 193.

qf A (gig) s.; 1. flax, 2. thread,string, 3. filament, capillary (on the extaand the body), 4. net, web; from OBon; wr. syll. and Go (sILA Labat Suse 4r. 43 ft.); cf. gui .

[gu.Nu], [...].gu = qu-u, [...].a(?) = MINul(?)-Iu-ru-tum (followed by qalpitu and other,

qf Afragmentarily preserved, varieties) Hh. XIX313ff.; [gu . . .] = [x]-x qi-e ibid. 324f.; gu (var.gu) = qu-u (var. qu-u-um) Erimhus IV 56; [gu-u]GU = [qu-u] Sb I 347; [gu-u] [GU] = [qu]-ii Recip.Ea A 20; [.. .] U x = qu-u x [.. .] A V/4 Section B10'ff.

[mu-u]g MUG = qu-b[a-tum(?)], qi-u AVIII/2:102 f.; gi A. GAM. s a. du = kan-nu = qu kip-lum, gi l. 6 . s a. du = na-ah-ba-lu = MIN na-ah-ba-lim, gig.ka.mar, gig.phr.ru = ka-ma-ru= MIN (=qu na-ah-ba-lim) Hg. B I 42-45, in MSL 6 79; [. ..g] b, [...].gab, [...] x, [...].x = e-de-pu Sdqe-e Nabnitu F ii 16ff.; [gi] .bal.tur.ra = (pi-laq-qu) §d qu qd-tim Hh. VI 24; nundun.gu.bar. ra = Sa-ap-ta-an fa ina qd-e bi-e-[ra(or -ea)]Kagal D Section 9:8; fgul1.iak n(text .gu) =[q]i-u dGIR = (Hitt.) dGatR-a ha-an-za-na-at, [gul.zI= qu-u et-t[i-tz] = (Hitt.) a-u-wa-wa-ag ha-an-za-na-aS Erimhui Bogh. A i 49ff.; [gig]. .kAr.tiig.ba, [gig].a.kbr.tug.tug.ba = MIN (= -nu-tum)qe-e Hh. VI 33f.; [ni-ir] [NIR] = [ni-rum] fd a-lu(text -tu), [MIN(?)] d qd-e A V/3:57f.

g[u dUttu §u.n]a ba.ni.in.[gar] dInnin.kex(KID) g[u dUttu.da s]i ba.ni.in.s6 : anaqe-[e dMIN qdt] -su iftak[an] IS[tar qe-e dMIN] ufte6irUttu took the thread into her hand, Ittar madeUttu's thread run straight Surpu V-VI 144ff., cf.gu dUttu uu.na ba.§i.[x.x] dInnin gu.dUttu.da si ba.an.[x.x] : dMIN gU-u ana qdtiju umal[li]Itar qe-e dMIN ufltte[Vir] BiOr 30 167 ii 41ff.;sig.babbar sig.gi 6 gu min(!).[tab.ba gib].bal Aur.Aur.re gu.mah gu.gal gu.ghn.a gu[nam.e]rim.ma ba.e : lipdte pe.dte ipate gal:[mdte] qa-a eqpa ina pilakki itme qa-a gira qa-arabd qa-a bitru[ma qa] -a munallir mdmit she spunwhite wool, black wool, a double-stranded threadwith a spindle, a mighty thread, a great thread,a multicolored thread, a thread that cuts the "oath"Surpu V-VI 150ff., cf. gu nam.erim.ma ba.e :qa-a munaMir mdmit ibid. 158f.; gu.min.a.tab.ba uf.me.ni.nu : qe-e e.pi ta(ammima you spina double-stranded thread RA 17 178 ii 8f.,see Lackenbacher, RA 65 134 iii 8'f., cf. CT 1621:177f.; nam.erim gu.bi edin.na ki.kfi.ga.s h a. b a. ni.i b .ex(DU6+Du) .d 6 : mamit qa-a-Sd

ana eri adri elli liedii may he (Marduk) removethe thread (representing) the "oath" to the field,the pure place Surpu V-VI 164f.; m .a gu mu.dun.dun : ina tahazi qd-e aSatti in the battle I(Ittar) spin the thread SBH p. 108 No. 56:41f.,restored from Rm. 218; [... ux(I2GAL).l]u(var. fIM .Ux) gu.ginx(GIM) i.in.sil [...] :ritta kima qe-e me h iparra' it (the head disease)cuts off a hand (as easily) as a thread (in) a mehistorm CT 17 25:28f.; gu da.an.ti.sil di.mu.un.gir.ra.se : qa-a lu-up-ru-'-Su ana beli gaSriI will cut the thread for (i.e., I will explain to)the strong lord Lugale IX 8; na 4 .mar.huS.a

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qi Aki.mu.u§ gu mu.u[n.l (?)] : NA 4 MIN GU-U?[. .. ] ibid. XIII 39; GI§.ME§ gu.ni gun.nu.ami.ni.ib.sar.sar.re.en : keppd gu-d bitrumuem-ma-li-lu 4 I play with my skipping rope, itsstrands are multicolored SBH p. 108 No. 56:47f.and dupl., see Landsberger, WZKM 57 23; kibahar(DUG.sILA.BUR) gu sg.ge.d : agarpahhdru qa-a imhau I/ Enlil etliti uebbu wherewith a string the potter cuts the clay, variant:where Enlil smites the men RA 33 104:29f.; guh6.me.da.sikil.la ... sig 7 .sig 7 .igi.a.ni.sAa.zi.da.a.ni.9e a.ba.ni.kegda : qe-e nab[dsi]elliti ... ana amurriqdni a fn zu ina imni u ruzkussuma on his right hand tie pure threads ofred wool for the jaundice in his eyes ASKTp. 88-89:47, see Borger, AOAT 1 8:118; gu.bina.mu.mu na.bu.re [...] (with gloss) qd-a-lu§a u-,u- in-na-sd-[hu(?)1 BE 31 46 ii 12f. (coll.F. W. Geers); [gidim.hull lu.ra gu.gin, mu.un. i. in.1 a.e : etemmu lemnu 9a kima qe-e anaamili tarqu the evil ghost who is spread outawaiting the man like a net Iraq 21 56:52f.;lu.bi nam.lu.ux.lu gu sih sa.a l&.e : amelu2 ina nizi qa-a eSd ana geti taru that man is

stretched like a tangled net among the people as asnare CT 16 23:335f.; [gui in.d6.d6.e ugu.bi"gu.kdr.ra.am : [q]a-a-iid itrugma gu-u i2 gu-e

nakrimma he pronounced the word, this word isa hostile word (Akk. he stretched his net, this netis a hostile net) KAR 375 ii 11 f.

ru Rj : ba-nu-u, SAR : §e-im, SAR : qu-u (comm.on En. el. VII 2, see mng. Ib) STC 2 pl. 51:8;ka-an-nu // kan-nu a qd-e A VIII/1 Comm. 18;qu-u / tur-ri W 22643:49, cited AHw. 1397a.

1. flax (the plant) - a) in gen.: gumu.sar.ra a nu.nag.a.mu : qu-u SJaina musar me la i'tic the flax that hasnot been watered in the garden 4R 27No. 1:12f.

b) beside se'u (the food crop par ex-cellence), as the textile crop par excel-lence: (Marduk) bani e-am u qe-e whocreates barley and flax BMS 12:30, seeEbeling Handerhebung 76, also En. el. VII 2, wr.ba-nu-ui le-im u ou-e (with comm.) [rqui-um <:> si-hir-t[u] STC 2 pl. 63:9; §E GU-UTUR-ir the barley and the flax (crop)will be small ACh Adad 7:1, Bab. 3 282K.7019:16, Bab. 6 253 K.2816+ r. 6', cf. §E

vu-um TUR ACh Sin 35: 1, 2, §E U au-umina KISLAH.ME§ TUR ibid. 10; §E GU inamdti ibali ACh Samas 11:53; kund u u

v-id la ilSiru emmer wheat and flax will

qQ Anot thrive Thompson Rep. 181 r. 3; AE GU5a Akkadi Adad irahhi Adad will beatdown the barley and the flax (crops) ofAkkad ACh I tar 20:90.

c) the seed: xnumun.gu gur ReisnerTelloh 121 v 18 (Ur III); uncert.: GU inaamni tasdk LKU 32 r. 3.

2. thread, string - a) with ref. tospinning and weaving: [iSp] ardkma qeamahhas ulabbal ummdnamma I am aweaver, I spin thread, I clothe men Lam-bert BWL 156.IM 53975 r. 5 (OB Tamarisk andDate Palm), cf., wr. qe-e ibid. 158:24 (SB),and 162:35 (MA); qui- ul i atti qd-ii ulipparra'u (on the nth day) threads arenot spun, threads are not cut ZA 19 383K.3597:12f. (hemer.), and see CT 17 25:28f.,SBH p. 108 No. 56, in lex. section; ana,ubbut qe-e . . . damiq (see sabdtu mng.10i-3') KAR 177 iv 33, cf. Jumma GUusabbit (preceded by pilaqqa nai) Dream-book 332 K.12641 ii 3; 30 SAL.ME§ u paratu8a gi-e thirty spinners of thread JEN507:16; qe-e (in obscure context, parallel6ipdti wool) Lambert Love Lyrics 110 ii 21;qd li-it-tim talaqqat you pick off thethread of the lining(?) Iraq 25 183:6 (OBlit.); see also (designating part of a loom)Hh. VI 33f., in lex. section.

b) with ref. to tying, cutting, stringing,etc. - 1' in gen.: (various beads) inaGU GADA talakkak you string on a linenthread BMS 12:13, also Or. NS 36 35:18; [. .. ]gddid qu-u-ki (in broken context) AfO 1950 i 12 (prayer to Itar); Summa a qe-e karkutifL IGI if (in a dream) he sees someonewho is carrying coiled ropes AfO 18 76Tablet Funck 3:7; ushi sikkatiki qubbiri qe-e-ki (see qeberu mng. 5b) 4R 56 iii 47(Lamastu I).

2' in transferred mng.: lidgnki Salemutti ina qe-e likkair may your eviltongue be bound with strings Maqlu VII117, cf. ibid. 110; addi qa-a anap[ki] I havelaid a string across your mouth VAT 35:2

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(inc., courtesy F. Kocher); ibli ina qe-e §ibqiana pard'a lemu (or: pard'i alemu) heperished in a web of falsehood, impos-sible(?) to cut ZA 61 52:51 (hymn to Nabf);musallitu qe-e lumni (you are the ones,Ea, Samag, and Asalluhi) who cut thethread of evil 4R 17 r. 17, also Iraq 18 62:18(namburbi), LKA 109:16, see Or. NS 40 157; inadinika ittarrasu qe-e muti Samri ArOr 17/1183:11 (inc.); uncert.: balassu §aldm u ubaldt napdtiSu qe-e nap dtiu ina p. . ..ilutikunu rabiti qabi kin (see napitumng. la-1') IM 67692:310 (tamitu, courtesyW. G. Lambert).

3' in comparisons: hurSdni beruti§a GN kima qe-e lusellit I cut throughthe distant mountains of Nairi like astring Weidner Tn. 30 No. 17:31, cf. a4riberuti lusellit kima qe-e ibid. 31 No. 17:48and 28 No. 16:100; kima qe-e kasdta kzmaimbari [ka]tmdta (gamag) you bindlike a cord, you envelop like a fog Lam-bert BWL 128:39; kima qe-e §adduti uram=mi kannija (you who) have loosenedmy belts (?) as if they were taut cordsBiggs Saziga 20:12, cf. [tu]ramminni kGU.ME Sadd[uti] ibid. 21:16; mannu... urammeka ki qe-e ladditi ibid. 17:9,mannu u[ rammek] a kima qi-i ramuti ibid.19:20; Iumma tzrdnu Ckma GU.ME SIG.MEif the intestinal convolutions are as thinas threads BRM 4 13:21 (SB ext.); arru §a. . . mdtdti naphar'ina kima qe-e ul-ta-ti-en-kdm-ma (see mekli mng. 3) STT 40:6(let. of Gilg.), cf. (uncert.) a kima qe-e[...] ... mdtdti napharina ibelu (Gil-game) who ruled all the countrieslike . . . . ibid. 4, see AnSt 7 128; kima qi-isu-u-ti Ugaritica 5 17:40 is an error forkzma giilti (see gitu), see von Soden,UF 1 190.

c) other occs.: um qd-am a DN anaqdtila alkunu on the day when I put thethread of Samai on her hand (as symbolicact in the consecration of a nadtu) CT4 18b:l1, see Harris, Studies Oppenheim 114; (itis in your power, Nabf) a ina dr-Sd-a-ti

qfiA

ubburu kima qe-e Kt.GI nummuru tomake as resplendent as gold thread thosewho are tied with .... (possibly to beemended to ina up-Sa-a-Si(!) with witch-craft) STT 71:33, see Lambert, RA 53 135, cf.nummirannima kima oG (var. qe-e) KtO.GI4R 59 No. 2 r. 17, var. from dupl. LKA 29k r. 14;1 NA 4 qe-e sdmtim one carnelian ....SLB 1/1 1:7 (OB).

3. filament, capillary (on the exta andthe body) - a) in ext.: Summa GI§.TUKULimittim muhhalu qu-u-um sabit if thetop of the right "weapon-mark" is heldby a filament YOS 10 46 iii 54; umma bdbekallim 2-ma birifunu qid--um sabit ifthere are two "gates of the palace" and afilament links them ibid. 22:2, cf., wr.GU-um ibid. 24:3 and 5, Summa aG-umre ubdnim sabit ibid. 36 iii 37, cf. 35; Summaubdn ha s qablitum ressa qu-um sabit ibid.40:17; 6umma Si-pa-am Gu--um abit ibid.50:14 (all OB ext.), cf. GU-um sa-a-bi-itKUB 37 169:10; Summa bdb ekalli 4-mamuhhalunu GU sabit KAR 423 ii 45, wr. GUDIB CT 31 49:26, dupl. 18 K.7588 obv.(!) 19;re dikliu aG sabit a filament holds thetop of its (the gall bladder's) severed partsTCL 6 2:18f., [ umma ina lumil] marti iepuana appila uzu kima aG sabit KAR 454:9;for other refs. see sabdtu mng. 6a-1';Summa bdb ekallim.. u. . -e [,]ubbut YOS10 24:25; umma qerbi qe-e sdmuti qubbutuRA 65 73:28, cf. ibid. 27; for other refs. seegabdtu mng. 10i-2', and note umma talliqui- erbet eliu nadi YOS 10 42 iii 23 (OBext.); Summa ina re manzdzi U.ME§ U GU.ME§ nadi JNES 33 354:14 (SB ext.); ummapaddnu 2-ma paddn imitti/umeili GU.MESuppus if there are two "paths" and theright/left "path" is surrounded (?) withfilaments CT 20 8:10f., cf. ibid. 10:18 (SBext.); umma ina bdb ekallim qi-i-um rapa4if on the "gate of the palace" a filamentis wide YOS 10 26:33; Summa GU--umit-ru-u,-m[a] ibid. 31 viii 38, also ibid. 33 ii 1,cf. SILA (i.e., q) kma SaSalli itrugamaLabat Suse 4 r. 47, cf. ibid. 43f., SILA AN.TA

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qf Ati-ri-ih ibid. 46; Summa reg marti kapldnuina GU kamu if the top of the gall bladderis attached at the lower part by a filamentCT 30 15 K.3841:12, of. martum. . ume7SaGU-fu-numl rka(?)1-a-mi YOS 10 7:14 (OBext. report), ina GU rak-su (var. GU.ME§LAL.MEA) TCL 6 2:53, var. from CT 30 6K.3814 obv. (!) 21, cf. also ress ina GU rakisKAR 151:53; Summa ina pani bdb ekallimGo-um parik if a filament lies crosswisein front of the "gate of the palace" Yos10 24:41f., wr. qi-u-um ibid. 26 iv 16 (bothOB), wr. GU PRT 128:2, 132:1; Summa IDimitti u umili itlupuma talla nadi ...2 GU.MEA eli ahdme itluputi a ah ti ip:parrikuma muhhaJunu GU sabitma damiqif the right and the left §ID are growntogether and linked by a crosspiece (withcomm.) two filaments grown together oneupon the other are for an unfavorable(omen), if they lie crosswise and their topis held by a filament it is favorable (correctelepu mng. 2a) CT 31 49:25f., dupl. ibid. 18K.7588 obv.(!) 18f., cf. 2 GU.ME ina muhhired manzdzi iparrikuma Boissier DA 16 iv 24(all SB ext.); Summa eipum qd-a-am parkatYOS 10 44:48 (OB ext.); umma ulmu GUsadid if the Sulmu is provided with afilament CT 20 25 K.12648 ii 3, also TCL 6 3:8(SB ext.); Summa ina libbi bdb ekallim GU-u-um akinma i-qd-<la>-al YOS 10 11 iv 13,also, wr. qui--um ibid. 25:63ff., wr. KUaG-'-um ibid. 26 iv 13 (all OB ext.); ummaina imitti marti oG marta ittul if on theright side of the gall bladder a filamentfaces the gall bladder TCL 6 3 r. 14, cf.qui--um rU.si it.tul YOS 10 25:72; Summarie libbi qud-u-um] haniq if a filamentconstricts the epigastrium YOS 10 42 ii 36,[Summa e]liat libbi qi-um haniq ibid. i 38(OB ext.); Summa amutu ... GU.ME§ put=tuluti maldt if the liver is full of coiledfilaments TCL 6 1:56; qi-i-umpe-qi-i-um6akimma YOS 10 33 iv 35 and 38, cf. [q] e-epe-i-tim itad[diat] CT 44 37 r. 12 (bothOB ext.), also [qe']-e ga-al-mu-tim ibid.r. 13, GU.ME§ SAS.ME§ CT 20 25 K.9667+ ii 30,dupl. ibid. 29:12, cf. GU.ME§ BABBAR.ME§

qfiBmaldt TCL 6 1:62, also GU.ME SA 5 .ME§ibid. 63 (all SB ext.); note [umma Suba]timitti kima NA 4 .X. GUG 1 qi TIR (= sdmi)itadddt Labat Suse 7 r. 13, cf. ibid. 14.

b) on the body: if the veins(?) on apregnant woman's breast GU.ME§ DIB.DIB are linked by capillaries Labat TDP204:50; Summa ina nakkaptiu appiu lib=bidu GU.ME ar[quti.. .] if [he has] yellowfilaments on his temple, his nose, (or) hisbelly Labat TDP 38:50, cf. ibid. 36:49; Summa... inu GUME SIG.ME smald if hiseyes are full of yellow filaments ibid.120:29, with GU.ME§ SAS.ME§ ibid. 164:77,cf. Summa ina in ameli GU.ME§ SIG7.MEA§UB.ME§ CT 28 29:11 (SB physiogn.), umma... ina iniu GU.ME§ SIG7.ME§ iprikuLabat TDP 120:34, also libbi inAu GU.ME§SIG 7 .MEA udduhu (see edehu usage b-2')Kiichler Beitr. pl. 18 iii 4, also ibid. pl. 20 iv 43.

4. net, web - a) net: see Iraq 21, etc.,in lex. section.

b) qe ettiti cobweb: ina muhhi till&gerini Sd-ta-[a] qe-e et-[t]u-tu our armor

is woven over with cobwebs Cagni Erra I 88,cf. tdmerdtuu . . atd qe-e et-tu-ti (seeettutu usage b) OIP 2 79:7, parallel Iraq 7 89fig. 4 No. 3 col. A 8 (Senn.), cf. also Satdtqe-e et-tu-ti Iraq 16 192:65 (Sar.).

c) as a meteorological phenomenon:Summa SamAu ina GU pez i innamir if thesun is seen in a white web (?) ACh 8ama614:8, also (with red, black, green, multicolored)ibid. 9-12, cf. umma amu ina GU BABBARDU-iz // IaG (with comm.) qu-i : DUR na-[. . .] RA 17 193 Ki.1902-5-10,9:4f.

qfl B s.; 1. (a measuring vessel ofstandard capacity), 2. (a measure ofcapacity), 3. (a measure of area basedon the amount of seed required for seed-ing), 4. (a measure of thickness); fromOAkk. on; pi. qudtu; wr. syll. and SILA.

[si-la] SiLA = qt-u Sb I 111; si-la SILA = qdi-u4(var. qi-i-um) MSL 2 130 iv 13 (Proto-Ea); qa-aSiLA, si-la StLA = qu-u (vars. -u and qd-[x]) Ea I

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qalB

266f.; qa-a SILA = qa-a, qu-u, mim-ma A I/6:17ff.,[s]i-la SiLA = qu-u ibid. 20.

git.sila = qu-, gi.sila.bar.ra = zu-uz MIN,git. sila. u-uI-i-an = qu-z 6u-u6-id-an, gig.sila.na-bai = MIN i-ni-pi Hh. VIIA 237ff.;dug.sila = qu-fil (followed by large and smallq.) Hh. X 239; dug.sila.gaz = ah qe(?)-fe(?)1Hh. X 240a; dug.za.hum.1.sila = (§i-i-hu) 6dqa-a, dug.za.hum.2(etc.).sila = §d 2 (etc.) qe-eHh. X 261ff., in MSL 9 191; giA. .sila = qi-e§i-uJ- [d-an] = SAR-ki qu // aul-u [qu], gi . .sil a= MIN i-ni-pa-at = qu-u na-ah-b[a-lim] Hg. B II112f., in MSL 6 111; sila.zabar = qa-a UD.KA.BAR = (Hitt.) par-ku-ia-a§ ha-zi-la-al ErimhuBogh. A i 52.

[u]-bu // BAN 3 SILA f/ u-bu / 15 one ubequals one sutu and three q.-s, one ub equals0;15 (pnu, i.e., nine silas) Hunger Uruk 27 r. 26(comm. on diagn. omens); GUqu--2i = sap-pu (prob-ably comm. on I SUMUN Ad §A ou Kocher BAM311:65) CT 41 43 BM 54595:5.

1. (a measuring vessel of standardcapacity) - a) in gen.: 1 gu-um K[A]+UD.[BAR] 1 a88ammu[m] KA+UD.BAR OwenLewis Coll. 97 iii 3 (OAkk.); 1 qi-um §a [. . .]Iraq 42 70 iv 5 (OB dowry list), cf. [x] qd-(in list of household utensils) MDP 22151:5; ina suti u GI§.slLA da'il he hasasked (for a sign) by means of the seahvessel and the q.-vessel 8urpu II 113;[umma] ina IS.siLA MIN if (a man) ditto(= sits?) on a q.-vessel (preceded by GI§.BAN) CT 39 39:14 (SB Alu); for refs. wr. GIB1 SILA see Veenhof, BiOr 27 35; qui--e-enanniten kima 1 DUG uma[ll]iuina theyfilled these two q.-vessels as if they heldone karpatu measure Anatolian Studies Giiter-bock 96:9, cf. [q] ?--um annitum (probablymistake for dual) ibid. 1, see Gelb, ibid. p. 102 f.;muzzizu a ahika qi-a-tim iptanattiuma6amnam ultenebbulu (see muzzizu) BohlLeiden Coll. 2 42 LB 1201:20 (both OA), seeJ. Lewy, Or. NS 15 400 n. 7.

b) qualifications and varieties: inaqe-ekittim idillum give him (good quality oil)by the correct measure Kraus AbB 1 64:9,cf. (flour and beer) ina 1 stLA kitti Saili AfID 24 88:7 (MB Elam); x StLA oil ina

1 SiLA Ma-ri-i ARM 7 49:10, also ibid. 7:4,cf. (in similar context) ina 1 stLA GAL

qf Bibid. 14:7; five homers of wine ina 1 SILAda 6arri according to the royal q.-measureADD 124:2, also TCL 9 61:2 (NA); ina GIS.BAN

a 8 ina 1 SILA ASuraja Iraq 16 pl. 9ND 2335:11, also ibid. pl. 8 ND 2334:14, seePostgate NA Leg. Docs. Nos. 29 and 33, cf. aKtT.BABBAR ND 5475/8, cited ibid. p. 68;1 zuz qu-u YOS 17 351:3 (NB).

2. (a measure of capacity, both liquidand dry)- a) in gen.: 5 §appi hurdyi§a 1 SILA.TA.AM five golden bowls holdingone q. each RAcc. 75:9, cf. hubuni a(also 1) SILA.TA.A VAS 16 4:30f. (OB);1 ddli kaspi a 2 SILA 2 dali kasp i a 1 SILA-a-a one silver bucket holding two q.-s,two silver buckets holding one q. eachIraq 23 pl. 17 ND 2490+ :18f.(NA); mahir 1 SILA.AM ana 1 oUR innaddin (see mahirumng. 3e) Thompson Rep. 185:11, also 196:8,271:14, ACh Itar 17:13, cf. mahzr i SILA ana1 GfN GUR BM 46236:21 (astrol. omens), forother refs. see mahiru mng. 3e.

b) in idiomatic usage: assurri ge'um 1SILA ihalliqma under no circumstancesmay even one q. of barley be lost TCL17 9:15; Se'um 24 kzima 1 SILA 6e'im anana pakim lu 6apik let this barley be de-posited in the storehouse as if it were(only) one q. Kraus AbB 1 135:19 (= CT 44 59);fibtum a ana abija aSpuram itti abija 1SILA §E ul ubbal (see gibitu A mng.lb-l') CT 29 20:22; 1 SILA sulupp anamamman la tanaddina do not give evenone q. of dates to anyone VAS 16 118:15, cf.TCL 1 34 r. 32; 1 SILA uhinnu la ipparakkunot even a single q. of dates may staybehind TCL 1 30:23; 1 SILA mE ina zumrikala tugtalappat (see lapdtu mng. 7) ibid.35:18, cf. 6eunu 1 SILA la illappat TCL 763:10, cf. PBS 7 32:22, but SE I SILA laillappat TCL 1 27:17 (all OB letters); 1 SILANINDA.ME§ likul let me have (at least)one q. of bread to eat ABL 587 r. 11 (NB);Sa 1 stLA akliu uSelld ina bet Nabi ekkalABL 65 r. 8 (NA); 1 SILA m$ ana mamma6andmma la tanaddin do not give evenone q. of water (for irrigation) to anyone

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qf Belse YOS 3 30:23; ZID.DA 1 SILA ul ipuruibid. 164:10; 1 SILA SE.BAR ana bit makkiriu4erib ibid. 53:13 (all NB letters).

c) in measurements: ana 1 E.GUR.E5 SILA §E idiznalpakim inaddin he will payfive q.-s of barley for each gur as rentfor the storehouse CH § 121:28; 13 ANAE1 BAN 3 SILA §E KAJ 122:1, 1 PI 1 Slt2 SILA kardnu a isinndte one PI one seahtwo q.-s of wine for the festivals KAV 79r. 12, and passim in MA; 1 GUR 1 PI 3 (BAN)3 SILA sulupp Nbn. 34:1, and passim in NB;4 SILA kukru ... SILA qilip suluppZ(beside other aromatics measured in GfN,i.e., by weight) AMT 17,8:3, cf. (measuringbeer, milk) AMT 40,1 i 63, 65, i SILA 1 ha4laCT 23 46 iv 4, and passim in med., note ina1 BAN KA§.SAG tuAabSal adi ana 2 stLAGUR you boil (various aromatics) in oneseah of fine beer until it is reduced totwo q.-s AMT 94,2 i 5 (= Kocher BAM 471);note s (wr. §u) SILA AMT 18,7:7; notethe distributives: [1]0 SILA.AM Sikarum5 SILA.AM akalum ten q.-s of beer each,five q.-s of bread each ARM 1 57:13; notethe writing ana 2 SILA SE.TA.AM ZG 1 SILAZtT.LUM.TA.A[M] VAS 16 179:32f. (OB);women receiving ana x SILA.TA.AM ipruRA 23 161 No. 82:27 (Nuzi), cf. 3 SiLA.TA.AMpirqaduha Ebeling Parfiimrez. p. 39 r. 2, andpassim, also I SILA.TA.AM Kocher BAM168:47, Kiichler Beitr. pl. 8 ii 21, etc., i SiLA.TA.AM KocherBAM 11:29, 1 SILA.TA.AZI.DALabat Suse 11 vi 22; 10 huhurate Sa 1 SILA-a-a Sa undte AJSL 42 263 No. 1245:4 (= PostgateNA Leg. Docs. No. 35); akli 1 SILA-a-a ADD1077 i 30 and passim, see Postgate Royal GrantsNo. 54; note: §E.PAD.ME§ . .. ana 1 emdri5 (BAN) sILA-a-a tarabbi for each homerof barley five seahs will accrue as interestADD 132 r. 1, wr. 5 (BAN)-a-a ADD 149:5,etc., but 5 (BAN)-ld ADD 129:6, 5 (BAN)-ii-nu ADD 147:6; note in NB: ana 1 SiLA.AMU 1 (BAN).AM ABL 281 r. 23, see Stolper, ZA68 262.

3. (a measure of area based on theamount of seed required for seeding):

qf BA.§A 1 (BAN) 4 SILA zerSu MDP 28 421:1,cf. 4 (BAN) GIg.SAR GAL 1 (BAN) 3 SILANUMUN 6 SILA NUMUN GI..SAR 5 SILAS.DOt X TAG ibid. 418:1ff., and passim, seezeru mng. 2a; bit 9 stLA adru a nine-q.threshing floor plot ADD 412:7; bit 35ANAE ... ina suti §a 9 SILA a lot of 35homers, measured by the nine-q. seahADD 383:4, also 621:14, and passim in NA, seeimeru mng. 2d; 50 MU.SAR u"bUBU sut 3SILA fifty muaru's equal ubu, i.e., onesutu three q.-s TCL 6 32 r. 9; tuppu §a 1(BAN) 4 SILA zeri tablet concerning aten-q. field VAS 6 105:1, also ibid. 9:1, TuM2-3 15:10, and passim in NB; PN ki 1 SILAzeru ana 1 Siqil kaspi mahiri imbema PNnamed one shekel of silver as the purchaseprice per q. of field Nbn. 477:15.

4. (a measure of thickness): erenu... 1,4 SILA ina ildiSu ikbir 8 stLA inaappiu ikbir (see kabdru mng. Id) MKT1 368 i 2f., cf. 2 SILA kubur GI MCT 57Ec 5f., cited kubru mng. 2a; itu SILA I SILAadi 1 SILA GUR 4 . . likkisunikkumma letthem cut (trees) for you from one-thirdor one-half q. to one q. thick LIH 72:10,cf. VAS 16 52:7 (both OB letters), cited kabdrumng. Id, 10 musukkannu Sa 2 SILA-a-akabbaruni ten musukkannu trees thatwere each two q.-s thick ABL 566:12, also14 (NA).

One q2 in Babylonia corresponds to ca.0.84 liter. For the size of a q2 in NA as0.823 liter, see Postgate, Iraq 40 72f. InOB math. texts, a relation of one q2 = 0;5,i.e., A, cubic NINDA is implied, whichcorresponds to ca. one liter.

For areas measured in qu, see Weissbach,WVDOG 59 53. For a list of measures ofcapacity, including the q', see MKT 1p. 514, A. Draffkorn Kilmer, Or. NS 29 294. ForGAR as one tenth of a q see akalu dis-cussion section.

Thureau-Dangin, RA 34 80 ft., JA 1909 102;Salonen Hausgerate 2 270ff., 293ff.; D. Oates,Iraq 21 103. For varying sizes of qa in Mari see

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Bott6ro, ARMT 7 351. Ad mng. 4: Neugebauer andSachs, MCT 58f.

qfi C (gil) s.; copper, bronze; OB, Elam,SB.

za-bar UD.KA.BAR = si-par-ru, qu-u, sap-pu, kak-ku Diri I 124ff., cf. UD.KA.BAR = si-pa-ar-ru,ka-ak-kum, oa-um Proto-Diri 227ff.; za-bar UD.KA.BAR = si-par-rum, gu-u, sa-ap-pu, kak-ku AIII/3: 193 ff.; z ab ar = nam-[ru], qu-[u], mu-[§a-lu](third col. broken) Hg. II 225ff., in MSL 7 171,cf. Hh. XII GapA a 1'f., inMSL 9203; [gu.z] abar= qu-u Hh. XII 93; [x] .[x].DI = qd-u nu-na-[ti](Hitt.) ha-a-mu-§a-al-li-ia-a§ ga-pa-an-za, q a.zabar = qa-a ZABAR = (Hitt.) pAr-ku-ia-as ha-zi-la-ag of the pure hazila measure (see qidB) ErimhuSBogh. A i 51f.; u.[zabar.el.[du 7] = [qa]-tum,a qd-e [w]a-ds-ma-at Nigga Bil. A v 8.

lu.ux(GI§GAL).lu pap.hal.la siskur.arhug.si silim.ma.bi.ta zabar.ginx(GIM) su su.ub.bi : amelu muttalliku ina niq reme u iulme kimaqe-e malli limmali4 may the suffering man bewiped clean (of his sins) like polished bronzethrough a sacrifice effecting mercy and well-beingASKT p. 98-99 iv 54, see Borger, AOAT 1 15:272,cf. zabar.gin ni.su.ub.ta he.en.ta.su.ub :kima qe-e mali limmali CT 17 23:184f., also 4R28 No. 1 r. 16f., cf. Hunger Uruk 137:13 and parallelK.5194 ii 19f.; [zabar](var. GAL).kiu.babbar.ra.ginx u u.me.ni.su.ub.su.ub : kima qe-ekaspi u-kil-hu-ma 81-2-4,196 r. 8f. (bit rimki),var. from W 23273 iv 19f., cited ZA 70 210 andn. 7.

[eb]-bu, [el]-lu, [nam]-rum, [q]u-u, [sa]p-pu,(etc.) = si-par-rum An. VII 47 ff.

[im]§u kima qe-e rugSau uS-[...] hewiped (my mouth) as if (polishing) copper,[.. .] its sore Lambert BWL 52 r. 25 (LudlulIII); ki qe-e maSi limmali like polishedcopper let him be polished bright (par-allel: kima kaspi u hurasi idirt[u aj iri])Schollmeyer No. 24:8; see also ASKT, etc.,in lex. section; amur dirru a kima qe-eNI-IB-[. .. ] look at its (Uruk's) wallswhich ... .like q. Gilg. I i 11 (from CT 46 17);11 unit qe-e eleven copper implements(in list of objects) UCP 10 142 No. 70:28,also, wr. qd-e YOS 13 91:22 (OB), [x] ma-na qu-um (in list of objects) MDP 18 81:8.

It is possible that qi B "vessel" ismetonymically derived from qi2 C "cop-per, bronze."

K. Deller and K. Watanabe, ZA 70 213f.

qubbflqubbatu s.; (mng. unkn.); MB, NA.*

[... a]bika qu-ub-ba-tum EA 11:5, cf.,wr. qu-ub-ba-a-tum ibid. 11 (MB royal);[.. .]-x-te(?).ME (?) ibtarquunu qu-ba-te-Id-nu illakuni ABL 988 r. 3 (NA); [q]u-ub-ba-ti (in broken context) LKA 73:20(NA cultic comm.).

von Soden, Or. NS 21 432.

qubbu see kubbu.

qubbfl s.; lamentation; OB, MB, SB,NB; cf. qubb v.

i.lu = qu-ub-bu-u Igituh I 216; i.lu = nu-bu-4,gui.dub = qu-bu-u Erimhu§ VI 104f.; i.lu.dug 4 .ga = qu-bu-u na-gu-u, i.lu = qu-bu-u, i.lu.lam.ma = MIN (= qu-bu-u) uS-Su-bu-tu, §al-lu-ra-a-nuIzi V 38 ff., i.lu.dug 4 .ga = qu-bu-u qa-bu-u ibid.47; i.lu, gu.dub = [qu-ub-bu-u], i.lu.di = m[u-qa-ab-bu-u] Nabnitu IV 71 ff.

em.i.lu.gig.ga A~.sig.ga : ina qu-ub-be-emariiti qurup libbi (he sits) with bitter cries ofwoe, (and in) distress of heart 4R 26 No. 8:3f.,see OECT 6 p. 35; An.na i.lu balag.<di> ir.ra [...] : Anum qu-be-e girhi u bikft[i . . .] SBHp. 128 No. 83 r. 21f., cf. i.lu.balag.di : ina qu-be-e ,irhi ibid. 23 f. (coll. F. Kocher); [. . .] i.lu.au 4 mi.ni.ib.zal.zal.e : [ina nu]be u qu-be-eumeSam utabarri day after day I spend my timein wailing and moaning OECT 6 pl. 4 K.4926:11 f.;i.lu mu.un.na.ab.b6 nig.nam na.an.mu.ug.tuk.ma.ab : qu-be-e a-qab-bi mamman ul iem=mdnni I utter bitter cries but nobody listens to me4R 10 r. If., also [dim.m&].ni Air mu.na.an.ra i.lu mu.na.ab.b6 : [x x] x iq arrahuu qu-be-ei-qab-bi-ii 4R 11 r. 29f.; dam.da.na.a.ra(var..ar) i.lu mu.un.na.ab.be dumu.da.nA.a.ra(var. .ar) i.lu mu.un.na.ab.b6 : a itti mutugallu qu-ba-a (var. qu-be-e) iqabbi a itti mdri alluqu-ba-a iqabbi BRM 4 9:50 f., vars. from BA 10/1108 No. 26 r. 11ff. and SBH p. 37 No. 18 r. 4ff.;ib.be i.lu ha.ma.an.tuk.a en.me.en lugal.me. en : qu-bu-u ag-gil liq-qa-bu-u [be] leku §arrdkuStudies Albright 345:19; [gaba.a].ni gi.gfdi.lu.z6.eb.bi.da.ginx(oIM) ir.[...] : ina irtiJuJa kima malili qu-bi-i ihallulu (see malzlu) ASKTp. 122:10f.; i.lu.ni z6.ba.am ad mu.Si.ib.ta 4(with gloss:) qd-rb-e-al tdbitim inassas she singssweet songs (for me) TuM NF 3 25: 17, see Wilcke,AfO 23 85; i.lu : qu-bi-[e] (in broken context)LKU 13:2f.

a) in gen.: ina piu ittagkcunu qu-ub-bi-e mar~ute TCL 3 413 (Sar.); belilSu qi-

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qubbGfba-am ubbala 6aptJS his lips carry (his)bitter wail to his lord RB 59 242 str. 1:9(OB lit.); may Marduk bestow on himnissat [q]u-bi-e kzma zimir (for contextsee zimru usage a) ABL 1169 r. 10 (NB leg.);di-ma-tum qaq-qa-ri qu-bu-u (in brokencontext) Bauer Asb. 1 pl. 24 K.2634:8 (SB lit.).

b) with verbs for wailing and utteringlaments: qu-be-e lida4rip may he utterbitter cries MDP 10 pl. 12 iv 19 (MB kudurru),ki lallari qu-bd-e uSasrap like a profes-sional mourner he utters bitter cries AfO19 58:133 (SB lit.), cf. zammdri (var. zam=mdru) qu-ub-bi-ia uagrap Lambert BWL36:108, for var. see Or. NS 38 536; etlu a inau'a niu qu-ba-a la i-qab-bi (Sum. differs)SBH p. 122 No. 70:21; see also (with qab)4R 10, etc., in lex. section.

qubbfl v.; to lament; OB; II; cf. mu:qabb2, qubb2 s.

tu-qab-ba 5R 45 K.253 viii 32 (gramm.).

[. . .] x x ni-dan-ni ta-nu-hi-i d-qd-ab-ba-[x x-x] -[ka(?)1-at ka-bat-ta-Iu inatdnehi [. . .] exhaustedly(?) he laments,his spirit [. . .] in sighing PBS 1/1 2 iii 46(OB hymn to I tar).

qubbuhu see gubbuhu.

qubbulu A v.; to accept; NB; Aram.lw.; II.

gittu a mahiri [PN(?)] qu-ub-bal PN2gudtu m@airdnu [PN(?)] has accepted theparchment of sale, the aforementioned PN2is the purchaser VAS 15 34:22; PN anaPN2u .~biAu aGI.iUB.BA umarraq PN 2 ana PN uq~biJu u mala SiJu ina libbi4unu 8d §AMqu-ub-bu-lu u la e-en §at-tar PN will clearof claims the prebend for PN2 and his men,PN2 <will ... ) for PN and his men, andany sixth (share?) among them who haveaccepted the purchase price, and (thedocument) was written not to be changedAshmolean 1923.68: 17, cf. PN PN2 u qu-ub-bu-lu ina qdteiPN 3 Ashmolean 1923.723:2, also

qubirtuana umu dtu IGI (?) -ia u qu-ub-bu-ul Ash-molean 1923.741:24; [ku]-um rzimit Sudti 1MA.NA KJU.BABBAR fPN... [ina qdt] PN 2qu-ub-ul-la-at (parallel: mahrat) in lieuof that gift, fPN received from PN2 onemina of silver FuB 16 32 No. 13:24.

von Soden, Or. NS 37 264.

qubbulu B v.; to fight; EA; II; cf.qablu B s.

ki namlu tumhasu la ti-ka-bi-lu u tan=uku qdti amili a jimalhhali when an

ant is swatted, does it not fight backand bite the hand of the man who swats it?EA 252:18, see Lambert BWL 282.

Perhaps a uq-ta-ab-bi-lu-nim RA 3351:17 (Jahdunlim), cited kapalu mng. 4b, is alsoderived from qbl; ni-i-ka i-GA-ab-bi-ilKraus, AbB 5 229:16 is obscure.

The ref. mala malki lu emuqaka itti belA.aAL (emlqi or abdri) la tdk-ta-pil thoughyou may be as powerful as a ruler(?), donot engage in wrestling with a strong manUgaritica 5 163 ii 10 contains the Akk. verbkitpulu (see kapalu, and add this ref.there); for the meaning see kitpulu mng. 2.

Moran, RA 69 148.

qubburu (or quppuru) v.; (mng. uncert.);SB; II.§umma nagraptu ana Sumel marti qu-bu-rat CT 20 32:79, cf. [umma] naraptuimitta qu-bu-rat ibid. 37 iv 15, also (withgumela) ibid. 16; Summa ubdn hali qablituqu-bu-rat KAR 151:54, also ana IM.x.xqu-bu-rat ibid. 55; ana 6umeli qu-bu-rrat(!)1 KAR 437 r. 15 (all ext.).

For TCL 6 1:33, see kubburu adj.

qubbutu v.; (mng. unkn.); gramm.*; II.tu-qab-bat 5R 45 K.253 viii 36.

For iqabbatu, iqfabit see abdtu A disc.section.

qubirtu (quburtu) s.; lair(?); SB; pl.qubiArtu, qubirtus; cf. qebru.

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quburtuLUGAL NIM.MAki GIM MU§ <ina> qu-bu-

ra-ti-Id (vars. inaqu-bi-ra-ti, ina qu-bi-re-ti-ui, ina qu-bi-re-ti) GAZ.ME§-di theywill kill the king of Elam like a snake in itslair(?) BM 47461 r. 7, vars. from K.8900 r. 10,K.7223: 10', K.10672:9 (all astrol.).

quburtu see qubirtu.

quburu (qabiru) s.; grave; from OB on;pl. (Ass.) qabirdni; cf. qeberu.

[ki].mah, [x].§tjR, [k]i.KAXMI, ]E1.KUR =qu-bu-rum Nabnitu XXIII 206ff.; [ki].mah = qu-bu-ru S a Voc. AA 26'; ki.mah = [qu-bu-ru] An-tagal A 188; [e]-ur-ri ..KI.S1.GA = qu-bu-rum, u-ut-ta-tum Diri V 301 f.

[ ]. sa.bad = A petdt uzni = bit Gula, [i be]-e-td / SA / na-Qa-Mr BAD / qu-bu-ru = bit ndfirqu-bu-[ru] KAV 42 r. 14 (temple list), see Fran-kena Takultu 126:170; [karafit] = qu-bu-ri gurpup. 50 Comm. B 21 (comm. to gurpu IV 44).

a) in letters, leg., and adm.: qu-bu-rilzpuulunulimma l[im]utu u ina qu-bu-riliqa[bbiru] let them prepare the gravesfor them and then let them be put todeath and let them bury them in thegraves ARM 1 8:16f.; ina muhhi qa-bu-ri}a PN idukkuu they will kill him on topof PN's grave (in lieu of compensationfor the blood shed) ADD 321:7; (an estate)r tehil re qa-bu-ra-ni adjoining the be-ginning of the cemetery Iraq 25 91 (pl. 20)BT.106:5 (both NA); [Ja] x-5i u a qu-bu-riillaku (in broken context) ABL 1455 r. 14(NB); uncert.: x GfN Kti.BABBAR irtu fa§arri itti §arri ana qu-bu-ri (or: kuppur)iddinu the king's pectoral (weighing) xshekels of silver: they interred (it) in thegrave with the king Wiseman Alalakh 366:15(OB), cf. adi farru imtut ana qu-bu-riwhen the king died: for the grave ibid. 6.

b) in lit. and omen texts: [bdb ... ]Sa tallakuni bdb qa-bu-re(text -rat) 4 [the... gate] she passes is the opening ofthe grave KAR 143:11, see ZA 51 134:11 anddupl. 154:33; rubt ina ekallifu qu-bur-diiippetti as for the prince, his grave willbe dug in his own palace CT 20 3:10 (SB

quda uext.); NAM.BAD (var. BAD.ME§) qu-bu-riina mdti iba~4i there will be pestilence(requiring) graves in the country AChSupp. 2 Igtar 57:19, var. from 78 i 16 andK.5889:7; (if the patient eats food anddrinks water) kurummat qu-bu-ri-d ilqeimdt he has taken his last meal (lit. themeal of his grave), he will die Labat TDP158:24.

In E-tum // ku-bu-ri §a PN MRS 6 51f.RS 15.86:8 and 18 the second word, pre-ceded by a Glossenkeil, is probably aWSem. word.

The occ. kuppuru in alar ku-pu-ri izizmi GI§.ME§ ampanni ... i-ta-din-mi (see ampannu)HSS 15 289:15 belongs to kapdru B.

qudadu A (or kudddu, gudddu) s.; smallchild; lex.*

h6.en.ze.er = ku-da(var. -ta)-du Lu ExcerptII 189; [h6.en.z6.er] = ku-da-du Igituh App.A i 22'; uSb-Ug-aGA = e-er-ru, lui.tur = la-'-u,hi-bi-isTUR.DI t = la-ku-u, IGIhi-en-zbrDIM = gu-da-du

Antagal C 236ff.

It is uncert. whether the OAkk. per-sonal names Gu-da-ti YOS 4 300:8, Gi-da-dum UET 3 283:10, cited MAD 3 225, areto be connected with this word. For NBpersonal names see gudddd.

qudadu B s.; (an ornament); MB.*1 qu-da-du pappardili one q. made of

pappardil stone PBS 2/2 105:19 (list ofjewelry).

qudassu see quddlu.

qudaitu see qudd4u.

qudau (qudditu, quddssu) s.; ring (wornby women); OAkk., SB, NA, NB; NAquddssu, pl. quddAdte.

a) in gen.: sinnildti ehbuzu qu-[d]a-fral-a-te ilakkunu they marry women(and) put rings (on them) ABL 2:19, coll.Parpola LAS No. 121; 20 qu-da-a-si KO.BABBAB (beside silver earrings and other

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quddaduprecious objects as part of a dowry) Iraq16 37 ND 2307:12, cf. fa 5 GfN qu-da-siKO.GI (in similar context) Postgate PalaceArchive 1:15, 2 qu-da-si Ktr.GI Iraq 32 156No. 25:9, [.. . qu-d]a-si URUDU ibid. 152No. 18:7 (all NA), 2 HAR Kt.GI.ME 2 qu-da-

e-e 3 angabdta BIN 2 126:3 (NB); §a akiildi §a qu-da-a-si ka-bi-di uqur adanniS(the plant) which looks like the base of aring is important and very expensive ABL1370+ r. 13 (NA), see Parpola LAS No. 247 r. 18;qu-da-si ern (<<E>> HAR.ME ern talakkan4iyou put copper rings and copper brace-lets on it (the female kid) KAR 141:18 (NArit.), cf. qu-da-si UD.KA.BAR qu-da-siAN.rNA1 [. .. ] K.5881:9 (SB rit., coll. W. G.Lambert).

b) as personal name: Gu-d[a] -SumHSS 10 118:x+2, Qi-da-Sum Genava NS 2(1954) p. 241 No. 5:4 (both OAkk.), cited MAD 3225; fQu-da-il VAS 6 61:1, 82-7-14,74:1, forother refs. see Tallqvist NBN 173.

Cf. Arabic qudds, Syr. qeddGi "earring,"see Zimmern Fremdw. 38.

quddadu see quddu adj.

quddu (quddadu) adj.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*gi§.§inig.[kud].da = qud-du, giL.Ainig.

k[ud].da = qud-da-du Hh. III 72f.

See also the references with Sum. cor-respondence kud. da cited kuddu s.

quddu s.; (an adze); OB, SB, NB; pl.qudddtu.

gi g.tin = pa-a-Su, qud-du Hh. VI 231f.;[urudu].tfn = qud-[du] Hh. XI 376; [mu].tuin= giA.tin = qu-ud-d[u] Emesal Voc. II 146; tu-un TtN = pa-a-Si, qu-du S b I 94f.; tu-un TtON =qud-du A VIII/1:116.

URUDU qu-ud-da-tim 2 URUDU pa-aS-<tam> pddima fasten (fem.) the adzes andthe pdStu ax (to their hafts) CT 52 112:12,see Kraus, AbB 7 p. 89 note d; ina qud-di e'ri ka=tarra tahallad you scrape off the katarrufungus with a (model) adze of ashwoodK.157+ r. 3 and dupls. KAR 20 r. (!) ii 16 and LKA

quddugu116:6, see Or. NS 40 142; 2 qud-di.ME parzilliNbk. 223:2; qud-du u GIg.HA§.A <//> la ma-gi-ri Craig AAT 90 K.2892:19 (coll: W. G. Lam-bert).

quddui v.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*; II.[igi.DUg = MIN (= na-sa-hu) d IGI] // IGI [DU 8 .

DUgl = qu-ud-du-u §d IGI UET 4 208:5 (comm. toNabnitu XVIII).

quddugu adj.; holy; Bogh., SB; cf.qaddSu.

[ta-am] UD = [qud]-du-ii A 111/3:54.ra-am-ku, ebbu, ba-nu-u, qud-du-F, halpu, ku-u

= el-lum Malku VI 214ff.

a) said of temples: belet E.AN.NA qud-du-i iutummu ellu (var. [GA§AN-a]t dA-a-ak-ki qu-ud-du-S[i.. .]) (IStar) Lady ofthe holy abode, the pure treasury STC 2pl. 77:28, var. from KUB 37 36:25, see JCS 21260, also Gilg. I i 10; ana biti elli qud-du-limiuab Ani Itar to the holy temple, thesacred dwelling of Anu (and) I~tar Gilg. Iiv 44.

b) said of offerings and ritual ap-purtenances: puhdda ella qud-du-6d Samindtuu Salm[a ... ] [you sacrifice] apure, consecrated lamb, of perfect bodyBBR No. 98:7, cf. atbuhakki immer niq ellaqud-du-add a bil rakkan KAR 57:24 anddupls., see Farber I tar und Dumuzi 130:57; li-ipulluqu asli tubbuhu armannu qud-du-Iusurruqu kilukki bulls were slaughtered,lambs slain, holy armannu wood wasscattered on the censer KAR 360:15, seeBorger Esarh. 92 § 61:14; atta eqemti ilutibinu qud-du-Si iqu ellu ana bunnanne ialmyou, the bone of the gods, holy tamarisk,sacred wood (fit) for the features offigurines AAA 22 44 ii 10 (= BBR No. 45), cf.iten kukkubu dimti a bini qu-ud-du-u§BRM 4 6:46; figurines of the apkallu's [aGIS.MA.NU qud-du-Si AMT 71,4:3 anddupls. K.3622+ iii 16', etc. (bzt misiri, courtesyR. Borger); ina GI§ x x qud-du-Si Sumkaaz[kur] Combe Sin 124 No. 6 Sippar 18:6, seeMayer Gebetsbeschwcrungen 493; kibrntu elletukukru lammu qud-du-Su andku I am holy

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qudhusulphur, kukru plant, sacred plant MaqluVI 85, also cited IX 111, cf. kukru ina adSelluti qud-du-§u-ti ibid. VI 38; diD ellunamru qud-du-Iu andku ibid. III 62, alsocited IX 44.

c) other occs.: dkil elleti kamdn tumriSdt me nddi qud-du-gu-ti (Dumuzi) whoeats pure kamdnu cakes baked in ashes,who drinks holy water from a waterskinKAR 57 "r. i" 13, see Farber Itar und Dumuzi134:126; a6u la ellu itamrz ... a Lu laqud-d[u] -i zutam because an impureperson spoke, because an unconsecratedperson spoke BiOr 30 168 iii 7; ellu qud-du-id [.. .] (in broken context) AfO 11366:22 (SB rit.), also Sm. 70+1301:19; obscure:iumma amelu ana sinni4ti Uiqur u gindqu-ud-du-Si CT 39 44:12 (SB Alu).

qudhu see qidhu.

qudini (until now) see udini.

qudminitu (or kud/tminitu) s. (?); (mng.unkn.); SB.*

limmara uarka munh e tar-[gi] Got-kaku-ud-mi-ni-tu-fmal lzkula puridija letyour penis . . . ., let there be no one toquiet you, let your penis be .... andenjoy my lap LKA 102:11, see Biggs gaziga 22.

An emendation such as lu(!) UD-MI-NITU-ba (= lzruba) may be required.

qudmil see qudmu mng. 2.

qudmu (qudumu, qadmu) s.; 1. earlytimes, early existence, 2. front (inprepositional use); OB, SB; cf. qadma,qadmil, qudm.

sag = re-gu, dub.sag = qud-mu, dub.sag.gA= mu-ut-tum, gu = math-ru Antagal VIII 69ff.;qu-ud-mu TAR = dKUD A III/5:184.

bdra i.bi kfi.ga ba.an.ku 4.a : ina lubat gu-ud-mi ina lubti el-let tu(?)-ur VAS 17 58: 13f.

qu-ud-mu = mah-[ru] Malku III 68; qu-du(var.-ud)-mu = re-e-i (var. mah-ru) LTBA 2 1 vi 30and dupl. 2:366; ana qu-ud-mu : mah-ri LambertBWL 72 comm. to line 39 (Theodicy Comm.).

qudmu1. early time, early existence - a) in

gen.: al kidinni gubatpal qu-du-um dadme(Assur) the privileged city, the seat of thedynasty, the oldest inhabited settlementWinckler Sammlung 2 1:12 (Sar., Charter ofAssur); liblibbi §a RN §arri pani dlik mahriqu-ud-mu 4arruti 8a RN 2 (Adad-nirariIII) offspring ofEnlil-kabkabu, an earlierking, a predecessor from before the king-ship of Sulili (whom A99ur appointed indays of old) 1R 35 No. 3:25; E qu-ud-miDINGIR.HI.A BiOr 30 180:74, cf. ina KURqu(var. gu)-ud-mi-Si-in (obscure) ibid. 78(inc.).

b) in adverbial use: lu atrat lamas=sau eli §a qa-a[d-mi] let his physicalappearance be better than before AfO19 60:176; note with -i4a/u ending: atmanaradubba §a el mahri qud-me-su ~ituru themagnificent cella which was larger thanever before (lit. before, earlier) AOB 1122:15 (Shalm. I), also, with qud-me-aWeidner Tn. 16 No. 7:47, 20 No. 10:24, cf. 'aeli mahri qa-ad-mi-Iu nepeuu rabU BorgerEinleitung 9 ii 4 (gamgi-Adad I).

c) as name of a god: see A III/5, inlex. section; dQu-du-mu (one of sevenDINGIR.GUB.BA.ME) KAR 142 ii 21.

2. front (in prepositional use) -a) with ana: bila epita ana qu-ud-mi-Iubring (pl.) a pastry into his presence (asoffering) Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 68 I 381,also ibid. 396, 70 I 408 (OB), (in broken con-text) [an]a qud-me-9d ibid. 108 iv 34 (SB),cf. ibid. 74 II ii 12 and 26, cited as bili up[untu]ana qu-du-mi-6i Thompson Rep. 243 r. 2.

b) qudmil: hattum mednum kubum uibirru qu-ud-mi-ilAnim ina famd'aknu

(at first) the scepter, the crown, the(royal) headdress, and the staff weredeposited before Anu in the heavens Bab.12 pi. 12 i 11 (OB Etana), cf. (in broken con-text) Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 80 II iv 20 and 23(OB); illikuma qu-ud-mi-iS (var. qud-mi)Tidmat ulibu (var. sakpu) they came andsat down before Tiamat En. el. I 33.

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qudmfc) other occ.: i'ir alik DN qud-mi-ii-nu

(var. qu-ud-mi-nu-nu) izizma go ahead,Kaka, stand before them En. el. III 11.

In AKA 125 n. 3 a 5 read [a p]u-qu-du tuppiMimdte, see Borger Einleitung 114.

qudmfl adj.; fore, former; MB, SB; cf.qudmu.

s a. di = qud-mu-u[m] Nabnitu XXXII i 1.

a) referring to a harp string: see lex.section; SA qud-mu-u fore string (as nameof the first string of a harp) Studies Lands-berger 266 CBS 10996 i 11, 14, 18.

b) other occs.: pilliud qu-ud-mu-u-timga DN... utzr a ruSun I restored theformer rites of Nan& of Uruk VAB 4 92 ii51 (Nbk.).

Ad usage a: Wulstan, Iraq 30 216ff.

qudumu see qudmu.

qfi'i§ see giii.

qulialf s. pl.; discredit; OA, SB, NA, NB;cf. qalalu.

miJSum kiamma libbiki iSnima qu-ld-litepulin why has your mind so changedthat you brought discredit on me? Jan-kowska KTK 18 r. 8; if you do not comehere fuppam a kdrim alaqqema uassahakkama rqi-lal-li-kd alakkan I will obtaina tablet from the kdru to have you trans-ferred and discredit you KTS 42a: 16 (bothOA), cf. qu-la-le-e-a issakan ABL 84:15(coll. S. Parpola), qu-la-a-li fa i4akkanunimannu iamme ABL 633:19 (= CT 53 46r. 23, both NA), also qu-<la>-li-ia iltaknuABL 238 r. 15, qu-la-li-ia ina ali a mdtijail-tak-<kan>-ni ABL 328 r. 17 (both NB);qu-la-lu-Su GAR-nu (apod.) AfO 11 223:32and 36 (SB physiogn.), also JCS 29 66:21, cf.qu-la-lu-4ii xl [.. .] CT 38 31:19 (SB Alu);obscure: fu4 1-um neSbd Ad qu-la-li a-nadindn lar-ri(?)-ia ana tu(var. tub) -ba-tilullik K.9471 r. 10, dupl. STT 120 r. 46' (SBlit.); q-la-9l[u] (var. ha-at-ta) [p]iritt

quliptu

a-Sd-a ri-Su-<tu> lu tuAmita STT 136 i 16and dupls., see von Soden, JNES 33 341.

For STT 403:10 see afquldlu.

quliptu s.; (mng. uncert.); MA*; cf.qaldpu.

6 KU gu-sa-na-te BABBAR.ME§ 5 KU§gu-sa-na-te f[al qu-la-ap-te six whitegusdnu bags, five gusdnu bags (made) ofq. KAV 104:9 (MA let.).

Possibly referring to a specially treatedhide or textile, cf. qalpu.

quliptu s.; 1. scale, scaly skin (of asnake, a fish), tortoise shell, flake of skin,2. husk, rind, bark, peel, 3. (a partof the eye); OB, MB, Bogh., SB, Akkado-gram in Hitt.; wr. syll. and BAR; cf.qaldpu.

ba-ar BAR = qa-la-p[u], qu-lip-tum A I/6:167f.ie.zil.zil.la (text: Ae.gA.g .la), §e.[BIR.

ak.al = qu-lip-tum Hh. XXIV 163a-163b; gi.bar. gi = qu-lip-tum MIN (= qa-ni-e) Hh. VIII 156,gi.bar, gi.bar.ra, gi.ba.dar.ra, gi.ka.k6 =qu-lip-td Hh. VIII 163ff.

i-i-i-tu = i-pu, hi-il-lu, i-ba-hu, qu-lip-t, 6ir-a-nuIzbu Comm. 274ff.

1. scale, scaly skin (of a snake, a fish),tortoise shell, flake of skin - a) scale,scaly skin of a snake: ina tdrilu ittadiqu-lip-tum(var. -ti) (the serpent) shed itsskin on its return (from the rejuvenatingwell) Gilg. XI 289; BAR MU§ turrar KocherBAM 488 ii 8, cf. BAR MU§ (used in magicand med.) CT 40 13:40 (namburbi), AMT 99,3r. 2, K.3628+ :15 (courtesy I. L. Finkel), (asfumigant) 4R 58 i 32 (Lamaltu), Kocher BAM183:16; itu mesirriSa adi kantappia qi-li-ip-tu kima qeri atdt she (Nintu) ap-pears (?) with scales like a snake from herwaist down to the stand she is on MIO1 72 iii 49 (description of a representation of ademon); if the gall bladder is kima qu-lfp-[ti MtU] (between kima SAG.DU MU[§]and kima KUN [MU§]) CT 30 3 K.11422:5(SB ext.).

b) fish scale: [Summa K]U 6 galpi unaessisma BAR-S ippu if a. .. .- fish wriggles

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quliptuand sheds its scales CT 41 14:10, dupl.13:2 (SB Alu); 7 galm apkalli a fidi galQalablu BAR nuni 8a IM.MI tuggar you drawfish scales with black paste on figurinesof the seven Wise Ones made of clay (and)coated with gypsum KAR 298:15, cf. BARnini [a IM.MI] elinunu tugar AAA 22 52iii 40, cf. also BAR nini ezhu (figurines)girt with fish skins ibid. iii 44, 46, 54 iii 56,dupl. KAR 298:17, 19, and r. 4, BAR puradiBAR arsuppi KAR 298 r. 28, see AAA 22 p. 72;qu-lip-ta kima purddi labia[t] MIO 174 iv 19;ina UD.NA.AM qu-lip-ti arsuppi iqalluirammukma el on the day of the neo-menia he burns carp (?) scales, washes(with it), and is pure (again) Kocher BAM318 iii 9, parallel: BAR KU 6 ina UD.NA.AMina A.K(JM [. . . -ma el] CT 39 36:106; BARarsuppi ina izi turrar you char scales ofa carp(?) KAR 90 r. 16, see TuL p. 119, alsoAMT 81,5 i 10, qi-li-ip-t[i .. .] turrar (fortoothache) Kocher BAM 393 r. 9 (OB); qi-lip-ti K[U 6 .. .] AMT 85,1 iv(!) 5, BAR GUD.UD.KU 6 ina KU§ Kocher BAM 30:43; notereferring to the constellation Fish: §ummaMUL Nunu qu-lip-tu umta46ir if the(Southern) Fish sheds scales (possiblyreferring to shooting stars) ACh Supp. 2Iitar 71:8, also ACh IStar 28:29, and passim,wr. qu-lip-[tu] K.1872 ii 15, etc.; MUL.KU 6... BAR qU-lip-ti-i AN.TA E.DA.LA BARqd-[lip-ti-u KI.TA . .] half of the scalesof the Fish .... upward, half of its scalesdownward BM 47799 r. 10.

c) tortoise shell: BAR BAL.GI.KU 6 BARNfG.BON.NA KAR 91 r. 11f.

d) flake of skin: if the patient's skin[is. .. ] u qu-lip-ta nadi and sheds flakesKocher BAM 35 i 39'; see also Izbu Comm.,in lex. section.

2. husk, rind, bark, peel - a) husk ofbarley: see Hh. XXIV, in lex. section.

b) peel of reed: see Hh. VIII, in lex.section.

c) bark of a tree: nikiptu zikaru kimaqu-lip-td bini ka-gar u sdm nikiptu SAL

qulliukima qu-lip-td bini raqqaqu u arruqu (seenikiptu A usage c) BRM 4 32:11; qu-lip-tibini (among materia medica) KUB 3756:5, also AMT 29,9:2, wr. BAR GI§.§INIGRA 53 11:31, note, as Akkadogram in Hitt.:QJ-LI-IP-DU [...] (in broken context,among other materia medica) KBo 14 102left col. 6'; qu-li-ip-ti GI haSlhri OBT TellRimah 328:3; BAR GIA.KfN MI BAR haluppiCT 40 13:40, for BAR GI.KfN see sihpu;BAR alldni bark of an oak tree ibid. 237iv 18; fT BAR GIB u-§i Kiichler Beitr. pl. 14i 23, AMT 68,1:4 (coll.).

d) rind of a pomegranate: BAR GI§.NU.tjR.MA Hunger Uruk 54:9, Kocher BAM 237iv 18, AMT 12,6:7, and see nurm mng. 2d.

e) onion or garlic peel: BAR SUM.SIKIL.SAR (as fumigant, beside BAR MU§)Kocher BAM 183:16, 4R 58 i 32 (Lamatu); BARSUM.SAR AMT 14,3:14, 47,3 iii 10.

3. (a part of the eye): [umma] ~E inaqu-lip-ti IGI" §a imitti u 6umeli lakin ifthere is an ergot(?) on the q. of the rightor left eye Kraus Texte 47:17', cf. §ummaAE ina tubqi IGI imittiu lu ina qu-lip-tilu ina kibri (akin if there is an ergot(?) atthe socket of his right eye, either on the q.or on the rim Kraus Texte 44:20, parallelQ~-lip(or -lul) -ti ibid. p. 14 No. 63:17'f.

Since syllabic spellings are attested foronly some of the occs. cited mng. 2, itis uncertain whether BAR is to be readquliptu in all occs.

Holma Korperteile 146; Kocher, AfO 20 158f.

quliptu in Aa qulipti s.; man who hullsbarley; OB lex.*; cf. qaldpu.

[ll].§e.BIR.ak = a qu-li-ip-ti OB Lu C1 3,in MSL 12 193.

qullitu s.; (a plant); plant list.*0 qul-li-td : (i MIN (= epitatu) ina gi-ba-ri (pre-

ceded by qilitu) Uruanna II 350.

qulliu s.; (a bowl); MA, NA; pi. qullidtu.util cu MIN (= UD.KA.BAR) = di-qa-ru, qu-li-u

MIN = (blank) Practical Vocabulary Assur 435f.

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qullu§umma DUG qu-ul-li-i memeni [ussap

p] ih Aliptu uerraba ila[qqa] t if (the con-tents of) someone's bowl is spilled, he(the servant) brings in a rag and picks up(the spilled food) MVAG 41/3 62 ii 23 (NArit.); asallate URUDU diqdrdte URUDU qu-li-a-te URUDU (among booty) TCL 3 362(Sar.), parallel ibid. 395; 1 asallu [URUDUl1 qu-li-u [URUD]U Iraq 23 44 (pl. 23) ND2691:3, cf. 2 DUG qu[l-li-a-te] KAJ 277:2(both NA); 1 qu-li-ui a ZID.TA VAS 1929:11 (MA).

In KBo 10 34:27f., gul-li-ga and ku-ul-li-ga are spellings of a Hitt. word. ForNB refs. see qullu.

qullu (qilu) s.; (a metal fastening device);from OB on; pl. (EA) qulldnu, (NB) qul=ldtu.

a) metal loop as jewelry - 1' in MA,NA: each animal has around its neck 31glass (beads), three pomegranate(-shapedornaments) ina qu-ul-li lakku strung ona q. AfO 18 302 i 29 (MA inv.), cf. (in brokencontext) ibid. 32 and 304 i 39; 1-en qu-luNA 4.ME lckru one q. with glass beadsADD 1040 r. 3; naphar 34 BAN.DA.ME§ 15qu-li Id §A.IGI.DUg.ME§ ADD 939 r. 11, cf.1 qu-lu GI §allussu (of gold) ibid. r. 3,1 qu-li tu-di KU.BABBAR ibid. r. 10, cf. (insimilar context) 1 qu-li IM.MES Kt.GIADD 933:10, also (in broken context) r. 1 and 3,[...].ME§ GIg qu-li ADD 693:1; q-u--luKtT.BABBAR (in dowry list) Iraq 16 37 ND2307:11, see Postgate NA Leg. Docs. No. 14.

2' in NB: - MA.NA kaspu qu-ul-lu usimere x silver, (in) torques and rings(as dowry) VAS 6 61:6, cf. 5 MA.NA Kt.BABBAR qu-lu U simerz BOR 2 3:8; kaspura~ltu a ina muhhi Kt.GI qu-ul-lu HARKtT.GI.MES PN i-na-a-d-ma ana PN 2 inad:dinma qu-ul-lu u HAR.ME inaAi whenPN hands over the silver, a claim securedby gold q.-s and gold rings, to PN2 , hemay take back the q.-s and the rings Camb.45:7 and 10.

qullb) as part of a lock: our forefathers

irtc [sik]kata ukinnu qu-la tidda ip[h]iNA4 .KIAIB qu-li ritima si[kk] ra limi qi-labitka ugur drove home the peg, fastenedthe q., sealed the cotter pin(?) of the q.with clay - (now) drive home (the peginto) the lock, surround (it) with a q.,protect your house! Ugaritica 5 163 ii 23-25(Counsels of Wisdom), see von Soden, UF 1 194;qi-ul-la-am Sa awilim teptema L.SAG(text.KA) tap u ini you opened the gentle-man's storehouse (lit. lock, possibly var.to gullu, q.v.) and anointed me with fine oilOECT 3 64:'9, see Kraus, AbB 4 142; uncert.:5 UD annd 6ikin qu-ul-li-'(-)i a x [...]AfO 24 89:35 (MB Elam).

c) other occs.: (concluding a list ofbronze objects) qu-ul-li URUDU nasrfURUDU Ebusinni URUDU bronze q.-s,bronze hooks(?), bronze lamps (amongbooty from Urartu) TCL 3 363, parallel ibid.p. 78:43 (Sar.); iStenutu sariam §a KU§ Sasis [ qu-lal-a-na Sa siparri muhhuqu oneset of leather armor for a horse, studdedwith bronze q.-s EA 22 iii 40 (list of giftsof TuAratta); 2 qu-ul-li rURUDU1 (as partof the decoration on the chariot of Sama§at Sippar) JTVI 60 132:9 (NB); 3-ta qu-la-a-ta §a pahdri (among containers) TuM2-3 249:4 (NB).

Possibly the Nuzi refs. cited kilu s. areto be connected with this word. For TCL12 43:20 see qulmi.

Oppenheim, JCS 4 193 n. 20; Kocher, AfO 18310 ad line 29.

qullf (fem. qullitu) adj.; parched,roasted; NB; cf. qali v.

[AE qa]-lu-u = qul-li-ti Practical VocabularyAssur 20.

a) parched (barley): see lex. section.

b) browned (?): barley, silver, andiSten nisep a himitu qu-li-tum one con-tainer of browned (?) ghee (borrowed) Dar.541:2, 10, and 13.

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qulluluqullulu (qallulu) adj.; despised; OB,NA; cf. qaldlu v.

A kubbutam u A qi-lu-[lam t]apdd youwant to put into fetters the honored andthe despised household alike TLB 4 11:12(OB let.); [a a]na larri belija i puranni. . . [L] qal-lu-lu L sakkuku [L] parriquhe who wrote to the king my lord (thatVenus is visible) is a vile man, a fool,(and) a liar ABL 1132:7, see Parpola LASNo. 65:9, cf. ABL 1285:15, see Deller, Or. NS30 252.

qullulu (or gullulu) v.; (mng. uncert.);OB, SB, NA; II, II/2; cf. mugallilu.

a) q/gullulu - 1' with eyes as object:6umma awilum ina naplusi'u inuTu zaqdpam U-gal-la-al-ma la ile'i if a man whenhe looks is unabre to focus his eyes (eventhough?) he ... .- s AfO 18 65 ii 16 (OBphysiogn.); ki §a . . . kappi 'a idi4unu

5epeunu ubattiquni IGIII.MES--nu 2i-ga-li-lu-u-ni (vars. u-gal-lil-u-ni, u-ga-lil-u-ni) just as they cut off the handsand feet, .... their eyes (of those whoblaspheme) Wiseman Treaties 628.

2' other occs.: nahlum mimma (<ulul u-ga-al-li-il the wadi did not do anydamage RA 61 103 A. 2:18 (Mari let.); if a pigenters a man's house mimma u-qal-flilland . . . .-s something CT 38 47:37, dupl.CT 30 30 K.3:3, cf. Sah ... [mu-qal]-lilarki mubahhil siqdni Lambert BWL 215 iii 13.

b) II/2 (passive): IGI-ii ug-dal-lal hiseye will be . . . . CT 28 25: 11 (SB physiogn.).

Borger, ZA 54 195.

*qullupu (qallupu) adj.; peeled; NA;cf. qaldpu.

1 MIN (= GI§ Sugan) GIA.MA.ME§ qdl-lu-pa-a-ti one Iugan container of peeledfigs (as offering for Ninlil) van Driel Cultof A§Sur 88 vi 16.

qulmfqullupu s.; (a sweet cake); NB.

(x linseed oil) Sa 11 UD.iE.E§.ME §aMN a qu-ul-lu-piPN... a 9 UD.i§.§.ME§a muttdqu for eleven eSSeSu festivals inMN for (making) q. (received by) PN, (xoil) for nine eilelu festivals for makingmuttdqu cakes TCL 13 233:2; (asn datesand raisins) fa 1 UD. i.iS a qu-ul-lu-pifor one el8eSu festival for (making) q.YOS 6 39:29, also BIN 1 170:24; X NINDA.HI.A LAL.HI.A ina UD.E§.E§.ME Sa MN aqu-lu-pu PN i$i GCCI 1 289:3, of. x NINDA.HI.A LAL a qu-lu-pu ibid. 83:2, also ibid.40:3; x emmer wheat a NINDA qu-lu-puGCCI 2 91:9, cf. a NINDA qu-ul-lu-bi BIN1 152:7, also x (PI) NINDA qu-ul-lu-pu(beside honey and ndu beer) Knopf, HewettAnniversary Vol. pl. 25:5.

qullutu v.; (mng. unkn.); gramm.*; II.tu-qa-al-lat 5R 45 K.253 vii 44.

qulmfi s.; (an ax); OAkk., OB, MB, SB,NB; pl. qulmi, qulmdtu (NB also qul=lumdta, qulmudta); wr. syll. and GUL.ME.

gil.tukul.za.ha.da (var. git.za.ha.tu) =zahat, qul-mu-u, kalmakru, maglaru Hh. VIIA20ff., cf. gi. tukul.za.ha.da = [zahaf, maglaru]= [qulml] Hg. B II 56f., in MSL 6 109; gul.mezabar = [qul-mu-u], za.ha.da.zabar = [zahatc],[qul-mu-u], [kalmakru], m[agSaru] Hh. XII 124ff.

zahatu, magSaru, ul-mu = qul-mu-u Malku III25ff.

a) used for hewing stone: diriu dannu. .. ina qul-mi-i fparzilli u marril parzillihabatti6 udaqqiq with iron axes and ironspades I smashed its strong wall (builtof quarried stones) like a pot TCL 3 + KAH2 141:217 (Sar.); gcdbhuridni ... qul-me-eu akkulldti parzilli ula lzuniti I had (thecaptured) mountaineers wield iron axesand pickaxes (and they rough-hewedaladlammi figures for the gates of mypalace) OIP 2 126 I 10:5, dupl. RT 15 149.

b) for cutting down trees: iie u qanappdrdte ina qul-m-e ik6itu they cut downthe trees and the marsh reeds with q.-s

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qulmfiBorger Esarh. 19 Ep. 18:14, cf. [. . .]-i-S inaqul-mi-i nakis JCS 12 81:15 (Sar.); youtouch the ash tree with a golden ax and asilver saw [ina qu]l-mi-i siparri tanakkisand cut it down with a bronze q. BBRNo. 47 i 14, wr. ina qul-mi-i No. 46 i 13,No. 45 ii 16, see AAA 22 44.

c) for making cuts: GfR.AN.BAR qul-ma-a ina qabliu tasannip ... sippz ...ina GfR.AN.BAR U qul-me iharrip you tiean iron dagger (and) an ax around hiswaist, he makes incisions (?) on thedoorposts (and locks of the man's house)with the iron dagger and the ax LKA120:10 and 12 (SB namburbi), see Or. NS 39 143.

d) used in warfare: GI§.TUKUL.MEAURUDU qul-mi-i (in broken context) AfO20 161 K.13228:5 (gar tamlhdri); ql-ma-a qil-ma-[. . .] (in broken context, note §ukurra,mulmul[la] lines 6 and 8) KAR 299:7 (SBlit.); uAardd qul-mu (in broken context)AnSt 5 104:118 (Cuthean Legend).

e) for digging: AN.BAR marri AN.BARnashiptu AN.BAR qul-mu-u AN.BAR in.gurenu ana 2 GfN an iron hoe, an ironshovel, an iron ax, an iron angurinnuimplement, for two shekels (of silver)Moldenke 14:13, cf. (in similar context) YOS 6146:13, 218:21, 38, Camb. 18:8, 1-en qul-mu-uUD.KA.BAR JTVI 60 132:20; 3 qul-lu-iu(emend to qul-lu-<mu>-u or to qul-mu-u)(between marru and nashiptu) TCL 1243:20; note the pl. 4 qul-ma-a-tum (besidezabbilanu) YOS 6 218:29, cf. ibid. 45; ironfor GI§.MAR.ME§ qul-mu-a-ta nashipeti uhdlildnu 82-7-14,1473:2; 8 qul-lu-ma-a-taAN.BAR ina paniu eight iron q.-s are athis (the ironsmith's) disposal GCCI 2 53:7,wr. qul-mu-u.ME§ Camb. 18:3 and 15, wr.qul-mu.ME Moore Michigan Coll. 23:4.

f) as divine insigne: namaru pet [...] qul-mu-u zaqtu simat ili[tila] thenaked sword, the sharp ax, her divineinsignia BA 5 626 No. 4 (= Craig ABRT 1 55)i 3 (hymn to Nana); [ina] qdte a Mardukana qul-mi-i ba-n[a-ta . .. ] you (Assur-

qulpu Abanipal) have been created to be the ax inMarduk's hand ABL 1455:4 (NB oracles),cf. GUL.ME UD.KA.BAR (parallels: ZA.HA.DA, NIG.GUL UD.KA.BAR) CT 4 8b:3 (OB).

g) with ref. to a model used in magic:ina qul-mi(var. -mi)-i §a garbati katarratahallad you scrape off the katarru funguswith a (model) ax of arbatu wood KAR20 r.(!) ii 4, dupl. K.157+ r. 4 (namburbi), seeOr. NS 40 141:42; 7 1alme Sut patrdti u qul-ma-a-ti ina qdti unu naz seven figurinesthat carry daggers and axes in their handsAAA 22 62:46, cf. ina qdt imittifunu qul-mu-u (text qul-tum) er ina qdt umeliunupatar er nazi KAR 298:22, parallel, wr.qul-ma AAA 22 44 ii 20; [ina Sumeli]uqul-mu-u [nai] MIO 1 68:47 (descriptions ofrepresentations of demons).

h) other occs.: 1 URUDU [GUL1.ME[.. .] MAD 1 231 ii 4 (OAkk.); [x] GUL.MEUD.KA.BAR Field Museum, Chicago 156008:12(OB inv.); 10 qul-mu-t UD.KA.BAR 204MA.NA KI.LA.BI Ni. 6740:1 (MB, courtesyJ. A. Brinkman); qul-mu-u parzilli u nig=galla ina qdt PN belu lulebila let (my)lord send me an iron ax and a sickleby the hand of PN CT 22 157:9, cf. 1qul-mu-u ... belu luebila TCL 9 78:12(both NB letters); 2 qul-mu-u AN.BAR(given to Ebabbar) Evetts Ner. 37:1, (amonghousehold utensils) Nbn. 258:36, also Camb.330:5,331:13; ina birit kalbe lisuru kulillSaina birit kululua lisuru kalbi elida qul-mu-i lis ru may her (the sorceress')headbands whirl around the dogs, maythe dogs whirl around her headbands,may the axes whirl over her MaqluV 49.

qulpu A s.; bark(?); SB; cf. qaldpu.[...] GIg qu-ul-pi-ia-ma Sa-nu-ti [.. .]

GI -q-ul-pi-nu-ma (date palm speaking)Lambert BWL 162:37 f. (fable).

In Hg. A II 130, cited imsukku, readzir-pu; the word is read zi-ir-pu ZA 4 157K.4159:3 (Izbu Comm.), cited AHw. 1520b s.v.zerpu.

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qulpu Bqulpu B s.; (a type of barley); lex.*; cf.qaldpu.

Ae.DIM.BAR(?) = qul-pu Hh. XXIV 144.

Possibly referring to hulled barley.

qulpu C s.; (mng. unkn.); SB.*

qu-lup-ka (in broken context) ZA 6160:225 (hymn to Nab).

von Soden, ZA 61 71.

qulqulullnu (qulqullidnu) s.; (a plant);MB, SB, NA.

a) in gen.: a qul-qul-la-nu kima kir=kirrdnu u i-qi [(x)] the q.-plant is like thekikkirdnu plant but .... Hunger Uruk 51r. 9 (med. comm.); 1 KI.MIN (= naruqqu)NUMUN qu-ul-qu-la-ni (in list of spices,etc.) PBS 2/2 107:48 (MB).

b) in pharm.: t qil-qul-la-nu : UGURUN ka-si MU§, ( NUMUN qul-qul-la-nu: i ki-sa-at MUg, fj d-mi ra-pa-di (vars.i qul-qul-la-nu, tf qil-qul-l[ a-nu], [qul] -qu-la-a-nu) : f ka-si (var. ki-sat) MUg, fJqul-qu-la-a-nu : f ki-sa-at MUv, fi a-a-drSI PE : a-a-dr ka-sat MUg, fr NUMUNqil-qul-la-a-nu : f NUMUN ki-sa-at MUg(see kisdtu) Uruanna I 672ff.; j qil-qi-li-a-nu : f dug-du-[mu?] (var. du-ug-[. . .]) Uruanna II 454; (J (var. GIg) qul-qil-la-a-nu : A ~ al(!) -la-mi-su UruannaIII 138; [r qu]l-qu-la-nu : a Sd-mi miqitlib-bi, [f qul-qu]l-la-nu : t U [d-mi x]-parasi CT 14 45 81-2-4,472:2 and 5 + ibid.36 81-2-4,267 r. 11 and 14 (= Kocher BAM 422); Uqul-qul-la-nu 8107 : a ZJ.GIG.GA.KAM : anaUGU zfO GAR-nu fresh q. is a plant fortoothache: to place on the tooth CT 1423 K.259:3, dupl. Kocher BAM 1 i 3, cf. a qul-qul-a-[nu : aT...] STT 92 iv 7; j qil-qul-la-nu Kocher Pflanzenkunde 36 vi 14 (pharm.inv.).

c) in med.: zer karai NUMUN 0( qul-qul-a-ni idteni tasdc (against gray hair)you crush leek seed (and) q.-seed KocherBAM 499 iii 24 (= AMT 4,1); t qul-qul-la-<nu>ana libbi tanaddi AMT 31,7 ii 6, cf. [G]I§

qulqulluqul-qul-a-nu (among medications formiqtu) Kocher BAM 184 i 6; t qul-qul-la-nu CT 54 363:5; SUHU§ t qil-qil-li-a-ni (for a disease of women) Kocher BAM237 iv 31.

d) in rit.: ina fY aprua qul-qu-la-niqdteiu u 5epeu LUI-8i kurbdni tdbti IMqul-qu-la-ni burdi kurbdn bdbi kam& inasissikti4u tarakkas you wash his handsand feet with apruu and q., you bindinto the hem of his garment a lump ofsalt, q., juniper, and a lump of earth fromthe outer gate ABL 450:8 and 11, see ParpolaLAS No. 219.

Thompson DAB 188ff.

qulqullianu see qulqulldnu.

qulqullu s.; 1. (a wrapping used topackage textiles), 2. (a textile); OA,OB(?), MB.

1. (a wrapping used to package tex-tiles) - a) in OA: qubdtam damqam illi=witim la talawwia riksam a annikim inaqd-ul-qu-li la talakkana do not wrap afine quality textile in a wrapping (usedfor packaging tin), do not put a packageof tin in q.-s I 718:23, cited MatouS, ArOr42 171; 6aniam qi-ul-qu-lam iger emdrila tanaddia ... 13 naruqq[dtim S]a qu-ul-qu-l[ i-ku-nu] aq.er elidti[a] turaddianim=ma emdri tuqallalanimma do not loadanother bolt (?) on the donkeys, you added13 sacks with your bolts (?) to my toppacks, and you thus maltreat the donkeys(and make me angry) TCL 4 16:11 and 16;2 naruqqn §a qu-ul-qu-li Hecker Giessen7:32, also 2 ToG §a naruqqdtim a qi-ul-qu-li-a TCL 20 113:12, cf. qu-ul-qu-lu-aillibbikunu la uwiu my q.-s must notleave your custody ibid. 25; [kaspam]iaqqal la iaqqal u qi-ul-qd -li uklar lauMgar iti panimma t&rtaknu lillika[m]whether or not he (the local ruler) paysthe silver and whether or not he releasesthe q.-s, send me your report with the firstcaravan TCL 4 40 r. 2; uncert.: ku-ul-ku-

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qiltuli-am inapanika abukma atta qd-a-ni sendthe q. ahead and wait for me Matous24a: 19 (unpub., courtesy L. MatouS).

b) other occ.: 6umma izbum kma qu-ul-qi-ul-lu §a [x]-Su e-li-ha (obscure,see elehu mng. 1) YOS 10 56 iii 14 (OB Izbu).

2. (a textile): [x] ToG qul-qul-lumBABBAR BE 14 157:11 and 58 (list of gar-ments), cf. ibid. 27 and 28; 3 (?) TtG qul-qul-l[i] Aro Kleidertexte No. 5 HS 175 r. 4, cf. 1[T G] qul-[q]ul-l[i] ibid. obv. 5 (all MB).

In I 718:23, q. is contrasted with liwitumand hence refers to a packaging used fortextiles, as it does also in TCL 4 16:11;however, in ibid. 16 and other texts q.-sare mentioned together with naruqqu's,and thus refer either to packages putinside a naruqqu or to packaging material,or possibly to naruqqu's used for pack;aging (cf. 2 naruqqin §a liwitim HeckerGiessen 6:18, cited naruqqu mng. la). Sinceq.-s are never counted, it is unlikely thatthe word refers to a specific fabric. It ispossible that in the refs. mentioningnaruqqatim (or naruqqi) §a qulqulli, q. isa bulk commodity such as spices or thelike, compare similar phrases with dulbatum.

The MB refs. to T1oG qulqullu, whichobviously denotes a particular textile,counted by the piece, cannot help todetermine the OA usage, and may evenrepresent another, homonymous, word.

For AfO 18 66:42 see kullumu mng. Id.

Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 39f.

qiiltu s.; 1. dead of night, 2. silence;OB, SB; pl. qildtu; cf. qdluA.

li-ib LUL = Ju-har-ru-ri, Td-qu-um-ma-tum, fa-

hur-ra-tum, qu-la-a-tum A VII/4: 121 ff.; nig. me.gar -ta-tum Nigga 74.

GI§.LA ki.nd.da.na ge.a.bi.st dug 4.bi gi6bi.in.tuk.a : ina qul-ti majdl miili amat Judtiimma he (Ea) heard this word in bed in the deadofnight CT 1645:116f.; [. . .] nig.me.gar E.am: [... i]d-di qu-ul-td (in broken context) 4R 23No. 4:3f.

qiiltu1. dead of night - a) qilti mili: ina

qul-ti mi arammu [u] dtu naptu isluhumaiddl ildtu in the dead of night they (thebesieged troops of Uppumme) sprinkledthat ramp with naphtha and set fire to itBorger Esarh. 104 ii 4; gumma MU§EN kililiina qil-ti MI ina tarba amili lu ina muhhiiki lu ina muhhi [...] if an owl [hoots?]in the dead of night in a man's yardeither atop a tree or on a [.. .] CT 40 49:39(SB Alu); DI§ UD.6.KAM ina qul(var. qu-ul)-ti MI ana Erekigal me [liqqi] on thesixth day (of the ninth month) he maylibate water for DN in the dead of nightBab. 4 105:27, var. from STT 302 r. 2 (hemer.);[ina] qu-ul-ti mii ina ribeti [. . .] tazzazma(and an egirr omen will come) LKA 93r. 5, cf. (in broken context) ina qul-ti(var. qi-ul-ti) mu-4i BA 5 670:4, var. fromdupl. LKA 139:34 (SB rit.), also Labat Suse 11iv 19; "everything evil" ina qul-ti a miiiltanakkana Iep.eu STT 215 ii 44 (inc.).

b) in the pl.: izizzanimma DINGIR.MESmu zti qt pija utaqqd DINGIR.ME§ EN qi-la-a-tim ... alszki DN belet qu-la-a-ti alszkimulti stand by me, gods of the night,heed my utterances, gods, lords of thesilence of night, I hereby call on you,Ihtar, lady of the silence of the night,I call on you, Night Or. NS 39 127:19 and 22(namburbi).

2. silence -a) in gen.: amii-Adadbdni E.KI.SI.GA qi-ul-ti-6u i Daganqereb Terqa builder of ..KSI.SI.GA, thetemple of his (Dagan's) silence, the templeof Dagan inside Terqa (translating KISI.GA "place of silence" by bit qiltigu, cf.[si-ig] [si] = piri[ tu], 6ahurra[tu], aqum=matu AIII/4:215ff., si = gilu, si.dug 4.ga= guharruru Antagal III 275f., cited qdlu lex.section) AOB 1 26 No. 5:7; Aruru createdEnkidu, the hero ilitti qil-ti kigirNinurtaGilg. I ii 35, cf. dMtr(!).ERIN = dNin-urtaSd qu-ul-ti Intuiinak is Ninurta of thesilence CT 2441 xi 65 (An=AnumVII); obscure:ina ukulti: ina qui-ul-ti mahi he was

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qullaffected (by the illness) in .... , variant:in q. LabatTDP 74:35.

b) silence of consternation, of death:ikammd etliuti i-Sag-gi-Iu arddti iftanak=kana qu-lat they (the witches) ensnarethe young men, they kill the youngwomen, they produce deathly silence RA18 165:19 (Lamagtu); UD.22.KAM qu-la-teKAR 178 iv 27 (hemer.); GIS.TUKUL qu-ul-ti(for parallels see qulu usage b-2') CT 3024 K.8178 r. 18 (SB ext.); uncert.: wail overNippur jd i aibtu gu-ul-tum AN-i DIM-ti-mu-in-ni I who am sitting in the silenceof death, .... PSBA 23 pl. after p. 192:20;gumma MIN qu-la-ti GAR.MEA-ma (pre-ceded by ,aldti) K.3014:4, cf. [...]-x-da-a-ti u qu-la-a-ti GAR.ME§-ma ibid. 2 (cour-tesy E. Leichty).

(Finkelstein, JCS 20 116; Grayson ARI 1 24f.)

qulO in bit qul (or equll) s.; (mng.unkn.); SB.*

ana i qu-le-e (var. a-qu-le-e-a) tebdkuallak I will get up and go to the bit qulU(incipit of a composition to be recited)Lambert Love Lyrics 104 ii 24, also 102 i 4; inaA qu-le-e ki dmuruka when I saw youin the bzt qulU (incipit) ibid. 104 iii 2, ultubzt sipitte adi A qu-le-e ina pan dNinajdtuizzazzama from the House of Lamentto the bit qulU he (or: she) will stand infront of DN ibid. 104 iii 1, cf. ultu maldif qu-le-e adi E.KA.GU.LA ... ultu I.KA.GU.LA adi bit ildni fa Ehursagtila ibid. 3,also 102 ii 6.

The variant a-qu-le-e-a, from Si 861:13(not collated), unless a scribal error, sug-gests a reading equlU.

qiilu s.; calm, silence, stupor; OB, RS,SB; wr. syll. and NIG.ME.GAR; cf. qdluA.

[me] = qu-lum, qa-lum Izi E 5f.; me-e ME =qu-lu, qa-a-lu Sb II 134f.; me ME = [qu]--lumMSL 2 p. 129 iii 21 (Proto-Ea); [nig.m]e.gar =qu-i-rlum Nigga Bil. B 60.

a-si-il-la §IM = ri-id-a-tum, e-bi-rum, qu4-il-[lu]A V/l:180ff.; [m]u-ud SIM = ri-id-a-tum, qu-luRecip. Ea F 10'f.; sig.sig -- qa-a-[lu], [. .. ] = qu-

quuu-l[u] (for context see qdlu A) Antagal III 277 f.;gi-iz-za-al aGI.NI = ha-si-su, ni-i-mu-, qu-u-lu,qa-a-lu Diri III 65ff.; i u = qu-lum A II/4:29;kiru, qu-u-lu, li-it-fu (Sum. column broken) CT19 15 K.8662 r. 13ff. (group voc.).

me.eba.an.mar mu.lu nu.mu.ni.dib.baqu-lu hukunma mamman la iba'a inflict silence(Sum.: silence is inflicted) (upon the enemycountry) so that nobody passes through ASKTp. 121:8f., cf. SBH p. 66 No. 36:11f.; uru.ame.ginx(GIM) mu.un.ga.ga.e.d[e] : ina dlikima qu-li ittanaiki[nu] CT 16 9 ii 18 f.

e.ne.ne.ne f.sa nig.me.gar(var. .gal)egir.bi li.ra us.sa : nunu qu(var. adds -t)-lukIru $a arki ameli raksu Junu they (the demons)are the daze and depression which are attachedto man CT 16 12 i 42f.; nig.me.gar lib.ba.kex(KID) ugu.na gar.ra nig.me.gar nu.dfg.ga ugu.na gar.ra : qu-lu kiru eliJu ittalkan qu-lu la .tabu eliu ittaSkan daze and depression werelaced upon him, evil daze was placed upon himurpu V-VI 3ff., cf. u.s nig.me.gar gd.ga.

da.na : qu-lu kiru igsakinumma ibid. VII 33f.;nig.me.gar.ra tug.ginx(GIM) ba.an.dul : qu-lu kiru kima ubdti iktumbuma daze and depressionhave enveloped him like a garment Aurpu V-VI15f.; nig.me.gar sag.gig hu.luh.ha.bi : qu-u-lu murug qaqqa[di] Suglitma scare away stuporand headache CT 17 22:127f.; nig.sag.il.la

A.hul.la [u 4 .1].kam u 4 .ni.ba.kam mu.10.§ar i.in.na.ak (var. [nig.sag.fl.l]a u 4 da.hil.la 1.Am [(x) n]ig.me.gar mu.sAr.Amin.ak) : ana dindn hud libbi [a(?)] umakkal umqu-li 10 SAR [x] MU.ME§ lillika for every dayof rejoicing there will be a time of silence for36,000 years(?) Ugaritica 5 164:15f., var. from(Sum. only) CT 44 18 r. ii 15f.

z6.er.ze.er (var. ni.z6.er.ze.er [...]) rIM.me.garl.ra se 9 .Ae 9 .fde : adultum qu-lu (var.qu-u-[lu]) hurbadu RA 28 138:39f., vars. fromK.12919:3f.; ki. S§.dib.ba dingir.re.e.ne.ke.e.ne.ne.ne sag.sum.mu silig.silig.g[a.a.m e s] : alar kimilti ili unu ihi4Suma qu-la ina[nd]they (the demons) rush to the place where thegod's wrath (has turned) and cast the silence (ofdejection) gurpu VII 17f., cf. [sila.ir].ra kur.ku.gar.ra me.[me§] : [ina ri-be]-e-ti qu-lainandu Junu CT 16 42:7.

ii-il-4, il-ta-at ni-ti = qu-u-lu Malku IV 98 f.;[...]-[xl-tum = qu-lu CT 18 2 K.4214:5; [il-ta-a]t ni-tum = qu-lu ibid. 47 K.4150: 10.

qi-ta-a-a--lu = qu--[lu] Lambert BWL 36comm. to line 106 (Ludlul Comm.).

a) in gen.: qu-i(var. omits -li)-luli64akinma i nilal nini may silence berestored so that we can rest En. el. I 40,cf. enima nilu Qallama qu-[lu] aknu STT

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qiilu

73:82, see JNES 19 34; appalsamma uma(var. appalsa tdmata) Eakin qu-lu I lookedat the weather (var. sea) and it was calmGilg. XI 132; ina qu-li-im-ma [. . .] (inbroken context) Lambert BWL 184 K.9834:7(fable).

b) as a calamity - 1' in parallelismwith words for daze, worry, etc.: (afterAnzf usurped the powers of Enlil) it=tatbak namurratum Sakin qu-lum terrorwas spread, stupor prevailed (among thegods) RA 46 88:3 (OB Epic ofZu), cf. ittatbak§ahurratu Sakin qu-[lu] CT 15 39 ii 23 (SBrecension); qu-lu hurbdu limqut eliki maysilence and shivering fall upon you MaqluVIII 86, cf. ittabak hurbda ... gakinuqu-lu 8arrat-Nippuri hymn ii 21 (courtesy W. G.Lambert); te5A dilipta qu-la(var. -lu) kira. . . iuna STT 76:28, dupls. 77:28, LaessoeBit Rimki 39:27, also Schollmeyer No. 19:27, cf.,murqu [ddi]'u dilipta qu-lu ku[ru nis]satuniziqtu (etc.) Maqlu VII 130, also ummuqu-lum u 4igSu ina mdti i lakkanu AChSupp. 2 Sin 2 K.8145:7; u-qu u qu-u-[lu] (inenumeration of diseases) KAR 233 r. 9,replaced by i-gu Si-i[S-i(?)] in the par-allel STT 138 r. 23, for context and dupls.see Walker, BiOr 26 76; qu-u-lu u dimmatuemida nile nakrdti I inflicted consterna-tion and moaning upon the enemy peopleTCL 3 158 (Sar.); qu-lu (var. qi-lum) ta-ni-hu (in broken context) LKA 42:22, var.from PBS 1/1 18:20, see Ebeling Handerhebung110:22; ina .. . qu-u-li ku-u-ri nissati . .litabru ZA 65 58:83 (kudurru); lu.ul.bit. [ sA . . .] : nissat zmi qu-la ti-[. . .] (seenissatu mng. Ib) Ugaritica 5 165:7; seealso Lambert BWL 146:48, 102:18f., MaqluVII 41, cited kiru A usage b.

2' other occs.: 6umma awilum ittiramaniluma qu-lum i[m] qussu if silencefalls upon a man without any reasonAfO 18 64 i 29 (OB omens); qu-lu(vars. -la,-lam) iqbatu Saqumme ubu they (thegods) became dazed (and) sat down insilence En. el. I 58; qi-lum ina bzTt ameliibaSli there will be a dazed silence in

qumaruthe man's house CT 39 35:47, cf. NfG.ME.GAR AL.GAR CT 40 16:38, 18:80 (all SBAlu), cf. NfG.ME.GAR AL.KUD Boissier DA2:27, dupl. KAR 376 r. 27; GIS.TUKUL qu-li-im it is a "weapon-mark" (predicting)silence YOS 10 46 v 31, also ibid. 9:14 (OBkakku omens), cf. GIS.TUKUL qu-lim KAR148:26, 423 v 61, CT 20 42 r. 33 (SB kakku omens),cf. qu-lum eli ummdnija imaqqut KAR 150r. 2 (SB ext.), also Labat Suse 6 ii 37, iii 3; UD.18.KAM §a qu-li DUG4.GA-iu LKA 73:3, cf.ibid. 5.

The var. qu-lu to qu-u Maqlu I 9, seeMeier, Maqlu p. 66, seems to be a scribalerror.

The references BoSt 8 60:19, 62:23 (= KBo 1 4ii 19, 23, cited mahdqu mng. 5a) and VAB 2 (EA)29:29 and 81 should be interpreted as ina kullibbidu "wholeheartedly."

Reiner, Studies Landsberger 247 ff.

qulu see qullu.

qumahhu (qummdlu) s.; cattle; SB.*NfG.OTR.LIMMtj.EDIN.NA, qu-ma-hi, UG.MA,

KUbu-laNU, zirqatu = [bulu] 2R 47 ii 5ff. (astrol.comm.); qu-um-ma-lam / -lu = bu-lum CT 41 27:21(Alu Comm.).

AUB-tim qu-ma-ah-hi ibagli there willbe an epidemic among cattle (followed by§UB-tim KUR.GI.'[MU§EN (?) ibaSi], AUB-tim Subarti [ibagi])) ACh Adad 8:13.

In the Alu Comm., the scribe may havereinterpreted a spelling qu-um-ma-hum asqu-um-ma-lum, and presented the twovariants -lam and -lu for this word whichseems no longer to have been understood.

qumaru s.; (a part of the arm?); MB,SB.

qu-ma-ar-id(var. -u) a imitti Sa [ame =ii (the laymu monster's head is a kissuguhead) its right arm(?) is human (followedby rittu) MIO 1 74 iv 35, also ibid. 76 iv 53(SB description of representations of demons),dupl. CT 51 209:"62"; TtJo hulldn qd-ma-ri

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*qumatuliqtu BE 14 157:7, 62, and 78, cf. T~TG hulldnahi liqtu ibid. 22 (MB).

Kocher, MIO 1 93.

*qumaitu see *qumadu.

*qumjau (or *qumatu) s.; capital ofa column(?); MA, NA; only pl. qumJdStuattested.

[... timme] a ereni a i-na qu-ma-a-§a-te-4u-nu . .. atruni columns madeof cedar wood on the capitals of which(the following inscription) is written AfO17 146:19 (= VAS 19 14), cf. 4 qu-ma-Sa-a-tuSa 181.TA.AM qi-im-ma-a-te [x KI].MIN §a7.TA.AM q[i]-ma-a-te [x KI].MIN §a 6.TA.AM qi-ma-[a-tel ibid. 12-15 (MA); ina ume§uma DUG qu-mad-a-tu DUG sa-ak-ki epuluina reS abulli dlija u-si(?) -me (var. alkun)at that time I affixed on top of the gate(s)of my city the clay q.-s (and) sakku orna-ments I had made Andrae Festungswerke166:13 (NA).

Freydank, OLZ 1971 533f.

qummilu (or kummdlu) s.; (mng. uncert.);OB.*

idtu um tezibanni qu-um-ma-li amtalaever since you (my father) left me, I havebeen despondent(?) (lit. filled with q.-s)(send me the sheep and oil you promised)Kraus AbB 1 99:6.

von Soden, BiOr 23 54.

qummalu see qumahhu.qumminu A s.; (a fungus); SB.

zi-il NUN = [Ad X].NUN e-riS-tum, [Sd X.NUN]qu-ma(text -ba) -nu, fodi LUL.NUN MIN A V/3: 14 ff.;pa-ah LUL = §d LUL.NUN dr-ha-nu-u, qu-ma(text-ba)-nu A VII/4:127.

arhdn = qu-um-ma-nu Malku IV 70; kib-Id =qu-um-ma-nu Hunger Uruk 51:4.

AB.SfN U GURUN KI.MIN §E qu-ma-nu[igabbat] the q.-mold will affect the furrowand the fruit, variant: barley Labat Ca-lendrier § 77':3, cf. § 77:3, cf. [GURUN] GI§.SAR qu-ma-nu igabbat ACh Supp. 2 Adad95:13, also §E.GI§.1 tal'au u qu-ma-nu

qunatu[DIB] Labat Calendrier § 77':4, cf. § 77:4, wr.qu-man-nu § 78:5, (with GIA.GIAIMMAR) ibid.§ 77':5; BA-e (= nu'urr ?) §E.GI.1I qu-ma-nu DIB ACh Supp. Sin 23 i 5.

It is uncertain whether the refs. citedqummdnu B are to be connected with thisword. For etymology see von Soden, BiOr23 54.

qummanu B s.(?); (mng. unkn.); lex.*[udu.i]m.kur.ra = qu-um-ma-nu Hh. XIII 34;

lu.x.x = qu-um-ma-nu MSL 12 232:8.

qummaru see qummaru.

qummarfi (qummaru) adj.; naked; lex.*[(x)].NUN = qu-ma-ru-uil (vars. qu-um-[ma-ru],

qu-ma-ru-tu), A.SUD = me-re-nu Erimhu§ III 18f.mi-[e-re-nu] -u, qu-um-ma-ru-t = erelgdnu An IX

98f.; me-e-ri-in-nu, [q]u-um-ma-ru (var. [qui-u]m-ma-rum) = [e-r]i-i-um An VIII 13f.

*qummarftu see qummar .

qummu see kummu B.

*qummf see qu't.

qummugu v.; (mng. unkn.); gramm.*; II.tu-qa-am-ma4 5R 45 K.253 vii 43.

qumqummatu s.; (mng. uncert.); SB.epi'ta qu-um-qu-um-ma-tum kalidptu

kuttimmatu the witch is a q., my sor-ceress a charcoal burner (?) Maqlu VI 19,also cited, wr. qu-um-qu-um-ma-ta IX 100,cf. epi ti qum-qum-ma-td kaggdptu nar=indati Speleers Recueil 312:5.

For other expressions characterizingsorceresses see kaSdptu usage b.

qunatu s.; (a dye or a mordant); NB*;Aram. lw.(?).

1 PI f qu-na-a-ta (beside ihuratu, givento the laundryman) YOS 6 74:3.

Compare Syr. qen'd "woad" (Isatistinctria), see Landsberger, JCS 21 164 and 167.

(von Soden, Or. NS 37 264.)

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qunduqundu s.; 1. (a plant), 2. (an im-plement or container); NA, NB.

1. (a plant): [f q]u-un-di: ( qur-[nu-u] Uruanna I 300.

2. (an implement or container): 1 qu-un-di URUDU ADD 978 ii 9; 1-en GIb qu-un-du (among household utensils) BE8/1 123:2 (NB).

qunduhu (qunnabru) s.; (a settlement);syn. list.*

qu-un-du-hu (var. qu-un-nab-ru) = a-lum MalkuI 202, from Rm. 349 r. i 7, in 5R 41 No. 1 andcopy of Delitzsch, var. from STT 392.

qunnabru s.; fetters; SB.*qu-un-nab-ru = kur-qu-u Malku I 95.

putur qu-un-nab-ra-6u hipi illu[rtau](see illurtu) ZA 61 58:173.

qunnabru see qunduhu.

qunnabu (qunnubu) s.; (an aromatic);NA, NB.

a) in gen.: MA.NA AIM qu-un-na-bua-na 21 GfN kaspi BIN 1 162:5, cf. 110minas §IM qu-un-<na>-bu ki-i 26§ GfNkaspi RA 23 46:11; (various aromatics and)[x] MA.NA AIM qu-un-na-bi ana U.HI.A ra-am-ku(?) [ina] pan PN GCCI 2 258:4 (all NB);AIM qu-nu-bu tulabbak ina muhhi tazarriqPostgate Palace Archive 215:16 (NA recipe for thepreparation of perfume, = Iraq 13 112 ND 460);§IM.§E§ SIM qu-nu-bu (among items for arit.) ABL 368:13 (NA), cf. x MA.NA §IM.§E§1 MA.NA SIM qu-un-na-bi 82-7-14,1081:5(NB); 10 GfN IM qu-an-na-bu RAcc. 18iv 5, qu-un-nab dp-ru-[§a] (among medica-tions) 82-7-14,2261:4 (NB).

b) as feminine personal name: fQu-un-na-bi Dar. 452:5, 8, 12; fQu-un-nal-buGCCI 2 395:16; hypocoristic: 'Qu-un-na-ba-turn VAS 5 23:9, fQu-un-na-<ba>-tum Dar.400:8.

Possibly the seed or flower of hemp(Cannabis).

qunnupuIn TuL 47:10 (= LKA 72 r. 11) read [GI§]

bi-nu bu-za-x-§u, possibly to be emended to bu-da-§u. It is unlikely that the OAkk. inc. WestenholzOSP 1 7 i 7 contains this word, as suggested byvon Soden, ZA 66 136.

qunnubu see qunnabu and qunnupu.

qunnunu (qannunu, fem. qunnuntu, qan-nuntu) adj.; curled, coiled, convoluted;OAkk., MB, MA, SB; cf. kandnu.

nir.mu.mu.ir = qu-un-nu-[nu] (followed byziqndnu) Lu Excerpt II 33; LUM = qa-an-nu-nu =(Hurr.) he-it-la-e = (Ugar.) qu-u[n(?)]-n[u(?)-x]Ugaritica 5 130 ii 2.

a . sig, S. sirBU = qu-un-nu-n[u] NabnituXXII 87f.

a) said of hair or beard: kima niti§a udddt (var. kima UR.MAH ina Suttate)mera[ni4a] ittanashur ana paniu u arkiuibaqqam u itabbak (var. abaqqam atabbaka)qu-un-[nu-un-tu pi] -ir-tum as a lionesswho is bereft of her cubs (var. a lionin the pit) turns hither and yon, tearsout and . . . .- s (her) curled hair (var. Itear out and .... (my) curled hair) Gilg.VIII ii 21, vars. from STT 15 r. 15, see von Soden,ZA 53 229, cf. qu-un-nu-na (explanationto a particular type of beard) Kraus Texte12c iii 19; see also Lu, in lex. section.

b) said of the intestines: see Nabnitu,in lex. section.

c) said of the lines on the forehead:umma qu-un-nu-nu if (the lines on a

man's forehead) are convoluted KrausTexte 2a: 12.

d) as personal name (uncert. mng.):Gu-nu-num MAD 5 45 i 6 (OAkk.); Qu-un-nu-ni BE 14 168:34, Qu-un-nu-nu ibid.118:27, 132:33, AfO 10 2:3, see Landsberger,ibid. 141 n. 5 (all MB), fQa-nu-un-tu AfO 1043 No. 100:8 and 20 (MA).

qunnupu (or qunnubu) v.; (mng. unkn.);gramm.*; II.

tu-qa-an-nap 5R 45 vii 42.

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qunukqunfi (lapis lazuli-colored) see uqni.

qununnitu adj. fem.; (qualifying sheepand wool); NB.*

124-ta U8 .UDU.II.A qu-nu-un-ni-tum2-ta 1 Gf.UN SfG.HI.A qu-nu-un-ni-tum aPN ina muhhi PN2 BE 9 53:1 f., also ibid. 6-8;[x] qu-un-<nu>-funl-e-ti d sfaG undu[x]+2 gammiddti d SfoG undu (see gam=midu) GCCI2361:4.

The form is either fem. sing. or to beread qununnetu as fem. pl.

qupi~u s.; (an occupation); NA.*PN L qu-pa-a-i URU Di-mal-qa-a-a

ABL 193:6.

qupitu s.; (a type of grain or a qualityof flour); MA.*

x NINDA midru zfD qu-pa-tu x (silasof) midru bread (made of?) q. (followed byNINDA qadudtu) VAT 10550 i 8, also ii 2, iv 6(MA list of offerings, courtesy F. Kocher); NINDAhare x SILA ZID qu-pa-tu (followed byoil) ibid. ii 21, also iv 25, i 13; X NINDAnaptunu KI.MIN qu-pa-tu VAS 19 29:2; XSILA ZfD.DA qu-pa-tu [.. .] x SILA arsanuKAJ 277 r. 12.

quppatu s.; box, basket; OB*; cf. quppuA.

1 kuruppum 1 qu-up-pa-tu-um YOS 2148:14; 1 qu-up-pa-tum pu-ut-tu-ch-tumCT 4 30a:7.

quppatu see quppu B.

quppu adj.; buckled (said of a wall);SB; cf. qdpu B v.

[6.garg.diri].ga = i-ga-ru qui-upl-pu IgituhApp. A i 8'; [6.gars.diri.ga] = MIN (= i-ga-rum)qu-up-pu Lu Excerpt II 164d.

bztu iudti igdrcau qu-up-pu-ma of thattemple the walls had buckled OECT 1pl. 24 i 59 (Nbn.); igdrlsa qu-up-pu-tuadkema I removed its buckled walls VAB

quppu A4 212 ii 23 (Ner.), also, wr. qu-up-pu-timPBS 15 80 i 21 (Nbn.).

In Sumer 3 8 ii 29 (Nbk.) read lu-pu-uk.

quppu A s.; 1. (a wicker basket orwooden chest), 2. cage, 3. (a box forsilver and precious objects); from OB on;pl. quppu and quppdtu (qu-up-pi.ME§ CT49 153:2); cf. quppatu, quppu in rabi quppi§a 6arri, quppu in a (ina) muhhi quppu.

[gi.gur.hiib x x] = qu-up-pu Hh. IX GapA b 3; kin.gur 4 = ka-an-nu-um, qup-pu-um UET6390: 1 f.

makkannu = qu-[up-pu] Malku IV 150.GI.GUR = pa-nu, pa-nu = qu-pu 2R 47 K.4387

r. v 50f. (Izbu comm.).

1. (a wicker basket or wooden chest) -a) for produce: GI.GU[R].DA a suluppiuGI qu-pa-am §a sahle Sa tuAdbilam i[tt] ab=lunim they just brought me the largebasket of dates and the basket of cressthat you sent me CT 6 27a:27; [ana G]Iqd-up-pi a HA.ZA.NU.[U]M.SAR 10 GI.HI.A lidd[i]nunim let them give me ten(bundles of) reeds for (making) basketsfor bitter garlic Kraus AbB 1 5:18, cf. 1 GIqu-up-pa-am [Sa ... ] 1 GI qi-up-pa-am[§a ... ] ... ubilim ibid. 73:6f., cf. [51GI qu-up-pu (in broken context) TIM 248:16; sankutti lamallammi ina qi-up-pi-im kun[kam]ma ~ub[ila]m send me therest of the linseed in a basket under sealVAS 16 57:39, cf. 2 qu-up-pa-ftiml 'a le'imuStdbilakki I am sending you two q.-con-tainers of barley ibid. 65:10 (all OB letters);1 GI qi-up-pa-am §a BURU 5.AB.[BA] urtd=bilakkim I am sending you a basket ofshrimp OBT Tell Rimah 134:35, cf. arwdne... ina 1 GI qu-up-pi aknukam ina 6animGI qu-up-pi-im alldnu. ... aknukamma . .uJdbilakkim I put .... in a basketunder seal, in another basket I put acorns(etc., from KaniS) under seal and sent(them) to you ibid. 33:10 and 13; 1 GI qti-up-pa-am Sa icam'dtim u 1 (uppam Sa PNuSdbilam utahhm anumma GI qd-up-pa-am u (uppam a ublinim qadu kunu[kkzi]unu ana qer belija ultdbilai[un]d[ti]

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quppu Ahe (PN's servant) presented to me the onebasket of truffles and the one tablet whichPN sent me, and now I have sent on tomy lord under seal the basket and thetablet that they brought to me ARM2 104:9, also ARM 14 35:16; whoever themother of the king, my lord, may desig-nate qu-up-pu liptema dullu llpug shouldopen the basket (of aromatics) and per-form the ritual ABL 368 r. 11 (NA).

b) for tablets: naphar 25 qu-pa-tu atuppdte (summing up q.-s containingvarious documents, as well as marsattu,meglu, tallu, and hupau containers) KAJ310:38, cf. 1 KI.MIN (= qu-pu) a tuppdtepa'ugdte ibid. 14, also 1 qu-pu 5a muhhiPN ibid. 11, 13, 15ff. (MA).

c) other occs.: belet qup-pi zeri epinniharbu kakki u redi (Nange) mistress of thebasket, seed grain, plow, harbu plow, tool,and .... Or. NS 36 118:40 (hymn to Gula),cf. [dlDilbat belet qu-up-pi u SE.NUMUNK.3384 r. 4 (astrol. comm.), cited Lambert, Or. NS36 131; 2 GI qi-up-pu-[u] Sa ziri Iraq 7pl. 4 A. 994 r. 25 (OB Chagar Bazar); 5 GI qi-up-pu a GI.ME§ five baskets of arrowsARM 18 9:13 and 15, ARMT 13 56:11; 3 GI qi-pu u§ 2 GI gursipu U § U.TI.A PN ARM 7255: 1; 8 GI qu-up-pu x x (between nushumand PISAN na8ha<pu>) TCL 1 199:2, cf.8 GI qu-ub-ba u§(?) ibid. 4; 3 GI.PISAN.ME§ 3 GI qd-up-pu-um.ME TCL 11 223:2(both OB); UD.KA.BAR.MEs huSd'u la hituana qu-pi ta'uru the copper scraps, un-weighed, were returned to the box KAJ310:63 (MA); [x] GI§ qi-up-pu-i CT 5115:10 (Nuzi); 1 GI§ qu-pu a 4 kirru'dte(in list of tribute) Iraq 32 pl. 33:7, 9, and 14(NA), cf. ibid. 4; 8 qu-up-pa-ti 4a di-[...]ina libbi x [KO.BABBAR] ... tamkdr lauda ADD 812 lower edge 1; [1?] qu-u[p-pa?]Sa kuddili KAV 200 r. 1; one sheep sacri-ficed ana pi-i qup-pat KA a pi ndmeriipteuni KAJ 199:3 (both MA); 1 -en qu-up-pu1-en GI 6addu RA 14 158:10 (NB); noteiWkunanni ina qup-pi (var. qu-up-pu) Sa

quppu Aiuri ina ifz babija iphi she set me in a

reed basket, made its (lit. my) openingwatertight with bitumen CT 13 43 K.4470 i 6,var. from ibid. BM 47449:14 (SB legend of Sargon);obscure: one lamb's hide sd qu-pd-e-ensd I td-ir-timx(DIN?) for two q.-s for the

.. ARM 19 103:3.

2. cage: iptema bdb qup-pi 6udtu [. .. ]§amdme he unfastened the opening ofthat basket (and) [the birds flew] heaven-ward STT 38:97 (Poor Man of Nippur), seeAnSt 6 154, cf. (claiming that the q. containedgold) ibid. 99; 370 niSe dannuti klmaMU§EN.ME qu-up-pi ina GI§ puaghi adukwith a spear(?) I killed 370 big lionslike caged birds AKA 205 iv 76, cf. Iraq 1434:89 (both Asn.), cf. k1ma iilr qu-up-piesiru (see i~quru mng. Ib) Rost Tigl. IIIp. 34:203, OIP 2 70:28, parallel ibid. 33 iii 27(Senn.); uncert.: ina [x].ME§ dannuti 5ume u mil kizma qu-up-pi-e urbu.a gimirba'uldtija all my soldiers were obliged tocower for five days and nights in strong[. .. ]-s as (if they were in) cages (or:like eels, see kupp B) OIP 2 74:76 (Senn.).

3. (a box for silver and precious ob-jects) - a) in gen.: 5 qup-pu-u a hurdJiSAG.DU-Iu-nu lu-ri-mi-du five goldboxes (?), their lids(?) (ornamented with)pomegranates EA 14 ii 7 (list of gifts fromEgypt); qu-up-pa a 6inni 0GI ad ...

e-bilani send (pl.) me the box of ivory(and) ebony KAV 109:25, cf. qu-up-pa aSinni u GI§ aS pitia KAV 99:25 (MA letters).

b) cash box at the temple gate forreceiving offerings (NB) - 1' in gen.: xGfN K1t.BABBAR ultu qu-up-pu irbi NfG.GAdGASAN.A.GA.D.KI a ina Sippari x silverfrom the cash box for offerings, propertyof (the temple of) Belet-Akkade in Sippar82-7-14,231:1; 3 GIN Kt.BABBAR ultu qu-up-pu Sa Gula ana Ebabbar ana dullu Saziqqurratu x silver from the cash box of(the temple of) Gula (used) for Ebabbarfor work on the temple tower Evetts Ner.40:2; GI qu-up-pu Sa arri Sa ina Eanna adi

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quppu AGI qu-up-pu 8a 6atammutu ... napharisqeti 5a 6arri u 'a atammi mala ba~i theroyal cash box in Eanna together with thecash box of the §atammu office, all theshares of the king and of the Satammuofficial, as much as there is (object of asale) TCL 12 57:3, also ibid. 12; 1 MA.NAKW.BABBAR irbi a GI qu-up-pi Sarri abdbi a ultu UD.9.KAM a MN adi UD.24.KAM §a MN 11 GIN Kt.BABBAR ana Kt..GInad[nu] PN 12 GIN Kt.BABBAR ana pitqaa ud& Sa bzti nadin (see irbu mng. 3b-1')

YOS 6 13:2, cf. ultu qu-up-pu a Sarri inaAliMoore Michigan Coll. 52:23; x kaspu irbi abdbi ultu qu-up-pu Nbn. 1058:2 and 6, cf.PN §a itti qu-up-pu ana Bdbili illiku ibid.10, cf. also irbi a qu-up-pi-e Sa bdbiGCCI 1 360:2, 384:5; x silver irbi a PNLt.SAG a ina GN PN2 mar Sipriu ana GI§ou-up-pu ittasuk income administered byPN, the a rei, who is in GN, PN2 , hismessenger, deposited (it) in the cash boxGCCI 2 86:5; x GiN Kt.BABBAR irbi a ultuUD.9.KAM Sa MN adi UD.19.KAM §a MN anaqu-up-pu Sa bdbi irubu GCCI 1 356:4, also,wr. qu-up-pi-e YOS 6 220:30, cf. x silveradi 19 GfN mahrU ia . . . ana qu-up-pu abdbi irubu GCCI 1 338:4; x silver irbi aGIg qu-up-pi u pandt GIg qu-up-pi 9a NfG.GA Zababa u Ninlil CT 49 156:2 (= ZA 3 145No. 5), also BRM 1 99: 1f., CT 49 143:2, 155:2f.,160:10, 164:2, wr. pandt qu-up-pi.ME. ibid.153:2, a GIg qu-up-pu a Ninlil ibid.150:46; qup-pu Sa Sarri ina panika u attaimmeru ana ekurrdti tanandin the king'scash box is at your disposal and youprovide the sheep (offering) to thetemples BIN 1 69:6 (let.); PN said to mekaspa terrima ana qu-up-pu usuk kaspa kiuterru ana qu-up-pu attasuk "Return thesilver and put (it) back into the box!" - Ireturned the silver (and) put (it) backinto the box YOS 6 235:10 and 11; u kaspamala ina qu-up-pu pitq[a]nimma meltdown (the crown prince's silver, PN'ssilver) and all the (other) silver that is inthe cash box CT 22 131:10 (let.); x KOt.BABBAR peq2 irbi a qu-up-pu ana petiq

quppu A6akin x white silver, offerings from thecash box, has been turned over for meltingdown 82-7-14,1402:2; ki mahri Sa fPN PN2 lat teir aki KI.rLAM Sa GI§ (!) 1 GU-up-pi ina1 GfN 1 (PI) sulupp inandin if fPN2 doesnot pay according to the rate (set by?) 'PN,he (the debtor) will deliver according tothe exchange rate of the (office of the)cash box, (namely) one shekel of silver toone PI of dates Nbn. 807:12; 35 MA.NA SIG.HI.A ana 7 GIN K.BABBAR ana PN nadinKt.BABBAR ina qu-up-pu 35 minas ofwool valued at seven shekels of silvergiven to PN, the silver (for the wool) is inthe cash box 82-7-14,474:4, and passim; xGIN Kt.BABBAR ultu qu-[up-pu] §a bdbiana PN a .GUD nadin ina libbi 1-en GUD... ittadi[n] x silver from the cash boxat the gate, given to PN from the cattleshed, in exchange he delivered one ox82-7-14,72:1; x kaspu pei nuhhutu ... adi1 MA.NA Kt.BABBAR qu-up-pu Peiser Ver-trage 101:2, cf. (in similar, broken context) Nbn.347:4; exceptionally: [x] gold a ul-[tuGIA] qu-up-pu 82-7-14,300:1, Kt.GI qu-up-pu ina bit dulli Nbn. 84: 11; ina maihu a1 PI Sa PN ina hadri ina muhhi qup-piinandinu according to the one-PI measureof PN he will deliver (the tax in dates)at the cash box in the enclosure VAS 312:9, cf. ina muhhi qup-pu [ina m] aziii aPN [inandin] ibid. 60:7, also inaMN suluppiina hadri ina muhhi qup-pi(!) ana PNinandin ibid. 25:7; put qu-up-pu naptanuput batlu u massdtu PN nai TuM 2-3 208:4;exceptionally not referring to silver: irtata immeri rabi a Seri ana qu-up-pi Saarri usuk throw the breast cut of the

sheep from the main morning (meal ofthe god) into the king's cash box YOS6 10:13, cf. kurummdti a mdrat larri anaqu-up-pi a arri usuk ibid. 22; ana muhhiKO.BABBAR irbi Sa ana qu-up-pu Sa KAGAL-i Sa Eanna irubamm ina muhhi parszilli a itti kaspi ana qu-up-pu innaskumaStudies Jones 165:24f.; note: two gur (ofbarley) PN ina GI§(text I) OU-up-pu YOS7 191:25.

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quppu A2' personnel: a qu-up-pu inaqqari

(PN) who guards the cash box CT 22 165:9(let.), also Nbn. 574:9, 82-7-14,2575:9, formaadr quppi see maqdru mng. lb-4';one gur of dates for food allowance anamuhhi LOj.ERfN.ME § a qu-up-pu debitedagainst the men in charge of the cashbox 82-7-14,126:5; x barley ina qbi SaPNana PN2 a qu-up (perhaps to be emendedto a <muhhi> qu-up-<pi>) nadin givenon PN's order to PN2 of the cash box Nbn.1099:19.

c) cash box holding a woman's pe-culium (NB): PN has made over a fieldto his wife [kum x kaspi ... ] Sa ultuGU-up-pu a fPN2 i Mi in exchange forthe silver he took from the strongboxof fPN 2 (his wife) VAS 6 90 (= 91):8, also,wr. qu-up-pi VAS 5 43 (= 44):5; elat xkaspi Sa Gv-up-pu a fPN a zeru maSkanugabtatu in addition to x silver from 'PN'sstrongbox for which she has taken a grainfield as pledge (from her husband) VAS4 46:13; fPN sold a slave girl to fPN2 , herdaughter, for four minas of silver kaspua ultu MU. 1.KAM RN ... fPN2 ultu qu-up-

pi-ui ana fPN ummiJu iddinu the silver isthat which fPN2 had given from her ownstrongbox to fPN, her mother, since thefirst year of Darius VAS 5 127:8; inaumu PN IGI ana bit mar bani taltakan1 MA.NA Ktr.BABBAR ina qu-up-pu anafPN2 ummiu tuitallim ana mdr bani tallakwhenever fPN wishes to enter (in marriage)the house of a mar bani, she will pay infull to fPN2, her (adoptive) mother, onemina of silver from her q. and she maygo to a mdr bani BM 61737:7 (courtesyM. T. Roth); 3 MA.NA KL.BABBAR a inaqu-up-pu itti fPN (as part of a dowry)Nbk. 265:5.

For the use of quppu as a cash boxwhere silver for the temple was depositedand eventually melted down and madeinto ingots of standard size and fineness,see Oppenheim, JNES 6 16ff. See also kuppu,qupatu.

quppu AFor CT 12 25 ii 33 (= A I/2:172) see uppu.Landsberger Date Palm p. 53. Ad mng. 3a:

Ungnad Glossar p. 127; San Nicol6, ArOr 7 367 f.n. 2. Ad mng. 3b: Oppenheim, JNES 6 117f.

quppu A in rabi quppi Aa Aarri s.; (anofficial); NB*; cf. quppuA.

Lj GAL qu-up-pu la LUGAL 82-9-18,4015:3.

quppu A in Aa (ina) muhhi quppu s.;official in charge of the cash box; NB;cf. quppu A s.

a) in adm. texts: PN Lj a muhhiqup-pu TCL 13 232:19, PN Lt.SAG.LUGALLt a muhhi qu-up-pu BIN 2 115:16, BIN1 169:2, (with a Eanna, all referring to the sameperson) YOS 7 19:19, 59:17, 140:25, 190:17,198:2, AnOr 8 41:1, JCS 28 25 No. 4:3, (withNIG.GA Eanna) YOS 7 7 i 11, TCL 12 117:8, also,wr. LjO a ina muhhi qu-up-pu AnOr 851:24, BIN 1 7:20, LO.SAG.LUGAL Lj Samuhhi qu-up-pu Sa Sarri AnOr 8 63:16,TCL 13 164:18, YOS 6 224:2, YOS 7 70:19,130:13, GCCI 2 102:13, cf. BIN 1150:3, cf. PNga ina muhhi qu-up-pu Dar. 216:3, wr.qup-pu Nbn. 551:3, Lj a muhhi qu-up-pu§a Ebabbar Cyr. 271:14, wr. d LT muh-hiqu-up-pu GCCI 2 130:8, exceptionally LO.SAG.LUGAL §a muhhi qi-up-pu YOS 6 67:19.

b) other occs.: if he removes even onesila of barley or one sila of straw (fromthe bit alpi) a la PN LJO a UGU qu-up-pu§a arri without the permission of PN,the royal official in charge of the cash box(he is liable to punishment) TCL 12 80:8;barley a ultu biti LtO a muhhi qu-up-punaldta TCL 13 225:3; 4 puhdl ... La Samuhhi qu-up-pi ina qdt PN ... k i zibukuYOS 3 41:24; isqeti §a dgbi gabbi §a muhhiqu-up-pu ik-te-[l]u the official in chargeof the cash box refused to pay the sharesfor all the men Thompson A Catalogue of theLate Babylonian Tablets pl. 2 C 4:9 (let.), cf.Sa muhhi ((>i qu-up-pu ibid. 13f.

As the same person bears the titles Samuhhi quppu, a muh hi quppu a Sarri, Samuhhi quppu (a Sarri) Sa Eanna, it seemsthat these titles are equivalent.

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quppu B

quppu B (or kuppu, q/kuppatu) s.; (abuilding); Nuzi; pl. quppdtu.

a) quppu: minumm& A.§A.ME§ U ku-up-pu a PN epiu a ana PN 2 iddinu u andkualum A.§A.ME § dSunu u E ku-up-pi inaarkilunu . . . ul aassimi whatever fieldsand built-up q.-building of PN's that hegave to PN2 , I will not enter a claim forthose fields and the q.-building JEN 473:6and 8, cf. ibid. 11, eqldti u 1 f ku-up-pu a AN.ZA.GAR GN ibid. 18.

b) quppatu - 1' in sing.: a three-homer field u 1 ku-up-pa-tc ina qinna[t]dimti &inagilli JEN 352:33, also ibid. 24,cf. aum x eqli u 1 ku-ba-ti anniti ibid. 36.

2' in pl.: 1 AN§E A.A . . . 5 E.ME§ku-up-pa-ti tarbaqu u qaqqaru paihu apani abulldti RA 23 155 No. 50:10, cf. 121 ]ku-up-pa-tum 1 kutlu 1 kird JEN 474:11,2 E ku-up-pa-tum 1 E ekallu 1 kutlu HSS 1998:2; 3 E.HI.A.ME§ ku-pa-ti rehuti 1 awihareqlu halahwu JEN 206:6; 2 k.ME§ ku-up-pa-tc.ME§ ina dimti GN (sold) RA 23 153No. 46:6; .HI.A.ME§ gu-up-pa-ti.ME§ 64ina ammati murakdunu u 37 ina ammatirupussunu u magrattu .. . ina qrti inaJupal .HI.A.ME§ gu-up-pa-ti.ME§ PN...ana PN2 kima HA.LA.ME§-~ iddin PN hasgiven to PN2 as his share q.-buildings 64cubits in length and 37 cubits in widthand a threshing floor (with a well) in theopen country, west of the q.-buildingsJEN 213:5 and 15, §umma E.HI.A.ME ku-up-pa-[ti.ME§] Summa magra[ttu ... ] ibid.23, also k.HI.A.ME§ ku-up-pa-tum u-[§iina ammati murakcunu] [x]+4 rupussunuina EDIN.NA Artihe JEN 400:6, also JENu628:5 and 9; .HI.A.ME§ ku-up-pd-ti inaNuzi ina seriti ina let ku-up-pd-ti §a PNHSS 5 72:17f., also ibid. 30 and 32; a fieldelen .HI.A.ME§ ku-up-pa-ti ina 6apatatappi Sa Killi JEN 585:5, a field ina letB.fME2 1 ku-up-pd-tum Sa PN JEN 262:12;note without det. : .ME p eplutu inalet PN 50 ina ammati murakSunu 35 inaammati rupussunu ... Summa ku-up-pd-tim anntum .. .pirqa irail (PN and PN2

quppftgave PN3) the built-on plots at the side of(the plot of) PN - fifty cubits in length,35 cubits in width - if a claim should ariseagainst these q.-s SMN 3491:13, cf. [Summaku]-up-pa-ti u eqlu paihu ann [pirqairtali] JENu 363:11; bitdti ina eriti inaNuzi ina let ku-up-pa-ti a PN ina harrdniSa Anzugalli JEN 194:7, ina lit ku-up-pd-[ti §a] PN JENu 523:10, IM 73291:8 (cour-tesy A. Fadhil); mala kumdni eqla paiha inaharrdn Anzugalli ina let ku-up-pa-ti fa PNJEN 242:6, also, wr. ku-pa-ti JEN 146:10,note (in the same locality) ina tirig ku-up-pa-ti a PN JEN 232:12; fields [inai] ltdn ku-up-pd-ti a PN [ina bi] rit harrdni§a Anzugalli [ina dim] ti fa PN2 JEN 438:6;houses, orchards ha[lahwu] ina pupdl ku-pa-ti [. .. ] JENu 941:5; x eqlu ina harrdnAnzugalli . . . u x eqlu agar ku-pa-ti JEN156:11; x eqlu lzqu u ku-up-pd-tum [ina]harrdn Ulamme ina let [... M]E S'a ekalliu §a PN JEN 484:5.

Except for JEN 352, q/kuppatu occursin the plural. It is mostly qualified as

.HI.A(.ME§) or preceded by the det. E.It is possible that in those refs. whereE is not used the word refers to the landon which such buildings stand. The wordmay be connected with huppdti, q.v., at-tested in RS.

quppi s.; (a knife); SB.[urudu. i]um.gam.me.tur.tur = nap-te-e-

tu, [urudu].x.t[ur].tur = qup-pu-u Hh. XI428 f.; [...] = [. .. ] = pat-rum i-pi , [.. .] =[...] = hi-pi e- di, [gir.ba.da.ra.zabar] =patarru = [q]up-pu-u, [...] = [...] = [M]IN A.ZU,[. . .] = [. . .] = [MIN e]-her-tum, [. . .] = [. . .] =[qup]-p[u]-u Hg. B III lines h-m, in MSL 7 172,see MSL 9 207 sub d; igi.gin(?).LAGAB(?) .df.a(gloss?) i-g[i4-x-d]u(?)-a = i-nu 9a i-na qup-pi-irna-ad(?)1-nu Sag Bil. A v 30.

a) as tool of the physician and barber:ezheku tukkannu naglabu qup-[pu- (var.qup-pa-a) x-rak I (Gula as physician)am girt with the leather bag, I .... thescalpel and knife Or. NS 36 128:180 (SBhymn); see also MIN (= quppi) A.ZU Hg.B III line k, in lex. section.

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quppurub) used for inflicting wounds on one-

self: kurgarr2 . .. nd5 patri ndS naglabiqup-pe-e u qurti the kurgarrd men whowear daggers, who wield scalpels, knives,and flint blades Cagni Erra IV 57; I causedmourning in Urartu anaRN arriunu ?urtinaglabi qu-pe-e [.. .] [I made] their kingUrsa [use] flint knives, scalpels, andknives (to slash himself in desperation)Lie Sar. 162, see TCL 3 p. 74:136.

c) other occ.: patru ina kigddi u u qup-pu-u ina aniu a dagger at his neck anda knife at his eye (curse) BBSt. No. 6 ii 54(Nbk. I).

quppuru see qubburu.

qiiqanu (gtqdnu, guqqdnu) s.; 1. (aninsect), 2. (a disease); SB; wr. syll.and IGI.GU.LA.

nim.bar.uS = gu-qa-nu, igi.gu.la = MIN ai-ni Antagal VIII 134f.; 16.igi.nim.bar.hu.uz,lu. igi.gu.la = i-in gu-qd-nim OB Lu B iv 45f.

Au.gur hu.luh.ha ... igi.gu.16.e igi.a.ni.e6 Au.si.tur.a.gub.bu.a.ni.ta u.me.ni.gar : unqi lu-lu(!) -ti... ana qu-qa-ni §a fniSu inaubdniu iliirti ina .umeliu ukun put a ring oflulutu stone on his left little finger to (ward off)q.-disease of his eyes ASKT p. 90-91 ii 51, seeBorger, AOAT 1 8:124.

ilqippu = qu-qa-ni(var. -nu) qaq-qa-ri, mubattireqli = qu-qa-ni A.SA (vars. add det. i) UruannaIII 213f., in MSL 8/2 60.

1. (an insect): see Uruanna, in lex.section.

2. (a disease) - a) of the eye: if aman's eyes gu-qa-na aJd u dzmta §UB.

sUB-a are affected with q., asi disease,and tearing CT 23 23 i 2, dupl. Kocher BAM3 i 3, cf. [umma ame-lu na]§u gu-qa-nimald AMT 16,1:27; see also ASKT, in lex.section; he must not eat leek root qu-qa-nu iralli (or else) he will get q. KAR178 r. iv 57, also, wr. gu-qd-nu LKU 53r. ii 11, wr. IGI.GU.LA AN.GIG 5R 49 vii 10,see RA 38 34 (all hemer.); IGIII ameli qu-qa-nu D[IB] (apod.) JNES 33 354:10 (SB ext.).

quradub) of the intestines: Jumma amelu lib=

balu urnatu qu-qa-nu u pi-lu-u qabitKocher BAM 159 ii 43.

Landsberger Fauna 129.

quqittu see kukittu.

quqqubnu see kukkubdnu.

ququbinnu s.; (a medicinal plant); plantlist.*

t [ A1 dNIN.KILIM : 0 qu-qu-bi-nu Uruanna II323.

quqqubitu see kukkubtu.

quradu s.; hero, warrior; OAkk., OB,Bogh., SB; wr. syll. (UR.SAG KAH 284:66); cf. qardu.

ki.nd. g'udSAGXUR = ma-a-a-al qu-ra-di Anta-gal VIII 2.

dulo.bi duo.nam.ur.sag.e.ne Au h6.ni.ib. dab.dab. b 6 : lik-mi bir-ki-gF u bir-ki qu-ra-di-§u may he (the god) bind his knees and the kneesof his warriors 4R 12 r. 41f.; a.m6.ru (texta.e.ma) ur 4 .ur 4.ra ag.ni 6 ur.sag : a-bu-bua-Si-Si d(?) fe-di1-i-Sd(?) qu-ra-du TCL 15 pl. 47No. 16:15.

a) said of gods - 1' alone: ana qu-ra-du Irra amdte izakkar qu-ra(var. adds-a) -du qlamma §ime qabdja (Ium) saidthese words to the hero Irra: Hero,hearken to me and hear my words CagniErra V 16f., cf. (also referring to Irra) ibid. IV 141;zikir ummilu i miam qu-ra-du-um thehero (Ningirsu) listened to the words ofhis mother RA 46 92:73 (OB Epic of Zu);Enlil [mali] k ilz qu-ra-dam Lambert-MillardAtra-hasis 46 I 57 and 59 (OB), and passim; tanittiAnSar bil bete qu-ra-du dabbat the praiseof DN, lord of lords, the hero, is pro-claimed BA 5 654 r. 15; in personal names:Ir-ra-qu-ra-ad YOS 14 184 r. 4 (OB); forOAkk. names see MAD 3 227, also Qdr-ra-ti-li Gr6goire Archives administratives su-m6riennes 175:10; abarak Tidmtim qi-ra-dum (referring to Tigpak) AfO 25 102 No.13:3 (= MAD 1 192); Ninurta alarid ilz qu-ra-du atta BMS 2:25 and dupl. LKA 41:15,

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quraducf. qu-ra-du atta (referring to Samai)Tn.-Epic "v" 17, cf. ibid. "iv" 33; (Enlil) gegrumensu ili qu-ra-du KAR 128 r. 23 (bil. prayerof Tn. I, Sum. broken), cf. (Adad) BMS 21:77;(Nergal) [...] edin.na dib.ba : qu-ra-du ta ina , ri ib-ta-<'> OECT 6 pl. 29 K.5158r. 11; note referring to IMtar: ibaA'i i6-ta-ta qu-ra-du there is one woman, a heroVAS 10 214 iii 4 (OB Agugaja).

2' followed by the divine name: qu-ra-du Irra Cagni Erra I 76, and passim in thisepic; qu-ra-du-um Irra ZA 43 306:16 (OBprayer to the Gods of the Night), also BiOr 30361:36 (OB lit.); qu-ra-di(var. -du) IrraStreckAsb. 30 iii 113,ABL 1372 r. 1 (NA); issaqarana qu-ra-di Enlil Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis48 I 112, and passim in this epic; [m] alikunuqu-ra-d[u] Enlil ibid. 42 I 8, also Gilg. XI 16and 174; tanid qu-ra-di Adad lussaqqarKAR 158 i 28; issaq[ar ana q]u-ra-di AnimLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 52 I 169; qu-ra-duNing[irsu] RA 46 94:7 (OB Epic of Zu); (Igtar)tuamat... qu-ra-di(var. -du) ami BMS1:32 and dupls., see Ebeling Handerhebung 60:4;re~~ ssina iddinam qu-ra-dam dUTUV-umVAB 4 146 ii 16 (Nbk.), cf. also Gilg. M. i 9 (OB).

3' preceded by the divine name: (Ham-murapi) munh libbi Adad qu-ra-di-im CHiii 60; Adad qu-ra-du BBR No. 100:16; itallil dBIL.GI qu-ra-du K.3471:8 + BBR No.97:8, cf. nih Girru qu-ra-du Surpu V-VI187, cf. Maqlu III 59 and 60; Ea qu-ra-duAfK 1 22 ii 14 (garrat-Nippuri hymn); [ut] am:mzka gama qu-ra-da JCS 9 11 B 28 (OBinc.), cf. JCS 22 26:21 and 27:58 (OB ext. prayer);liptur Sama qu-ra-du may gamag, thevaliant, release gurpu IV 60, cf. LambertBWL 218 iv 10, SBH 145 No. VIII ii 14, Bab. 12pl. 14:11 (OB Etana), and passim in this epic,Gilg. VII iii 49, X ii 23, AnSt 5 98:13, 102:77(Cuthean Legend), also AKA 110:5, KAH 2 73:5,AKA 63 iv 45, AfO 18 349:5 (all Tigl. I), TCL 3319 (Sar.); kma 8amal qu-ra-du dim diniMaqlu II 129; the seventh month a dUTUqu-ra-du kalama Labat Calendrier 218 r. 5,also ibid. § 105:7; let him not plunder dlSama q'i-ra-a-ti KBo 19 98B 20 (ar tamEhari);

note referring toibtani qu-ra-duE ikidu, the hero

quradu

a human: dEn-ki-dushe (Aruru) created

Gilg. I ii 35.

b) referring to soldiers - 1' in lit.:dlilu qu-rad [AMSur] sarijamati ul ittahliputhe brave ones, the warriors of Aglur,were not clad in armor Tn.-Epic "iii" 38,cf. ibid. 42, "ii" 35, qu-ra-du-1u (also re-ferring to the Assyrian troops) ibid. 2, cf.also (referring to the Kassite troops) aqu-ra-di-u-nu ugeni .tema she (IStar)confused the judgment of their troopsibid. "ii" 32, cf. also ibid. "iii" 34, 47, [. . .] ERfN.ME qu-ra-di-ka kzma [.. .] AfO 7 281 r. 3,cf. ibid. 6 and 12, si qu-ra-di-u urdnu [. . .]AfD 18 48 C r. 12, cf. ibid. 14 (all Tn.-Epic);amrute qu-ra-du-u-a ina zik-ri [liqe]' 2

my fierce warriors must wait for the com-mand AnSt 11 150:18 (Shalm. III); en qu-ra-di kima um Qimi igeppu mutu the eyesof the warriors, as on a day of thirst, arebrimming(?) with death Tn.-Epic "ii" 44;ana kalla qu-ra-di-e-Su uahmit magritu(see magritu) MVAG 21 84:12 (Kedorlaomertext), cf. ana qu-ra-di-e 5d e-li [x] abutuizaqqar LKA 62:18 (MA lit.); qu-rad nakriuncd kakki alaridu (in broken context)Craig ABRT 1 81:19 (tamitu); ul umaMarGilgdme batulta ana [.. .] mdrat qu-ra-dihirat et[li...] Gilgameg does not releasethe nubile girl to [her lover], the daughterof the warrior, the spouse of the youngman [. . .] Gilg. I ii 28; ibrui ugira qu-ra-du

imea hearken, fellows, listen, warriors!CT 15 1 i 2 (OB lit.), see Romer, WO 4 21; aspersonal name: Qi-ra-dum CT 50 74 edge(OAkk.), Edzard Tell ed-Der 185:1 (OB).

2' in royal inscrs.: ina tukulti AMurnarkabdti u ummandteja (var. qu-ra-di-ia.ME§) luptehhir with the help of AgAurI gathered (my) chariots and my troops(var. warriors) AKA 36 i 71, cf. narkabdtiu qu-ra-di-ia.MEA lu alqe AKA 38 ii 6,parallel 73 v 45, 80 vi 23; ina 30 narkabdtijadlikdt idi ga-mar-ri-ia erhute qu-ra-di-ia(var. adds .ME§) a mithu dabd litamdilu alqe in (?) my thirty chariots accom-

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qurAdupanying my shock troops (?) I took mywarriors experienced in close fighting(and marched against GN) AKA 45 ii 66;in the mountain of GN narkabdti lu ezibpan qu-ra-di-ia.ME agbat I left thechariots behind and took the leadershipof my warriors ibid. ii 75 (all Tigl. I); ittiiWtet narkabti epeja edniti u 1000 pithal=lija itmurti jdb qalti kabdbi azmar LJqu-ra-di-ia ekduti mudut tdhazi uzakklmawith my unaccompanied personal chariot,and (only) one thousand high-mettledmen of the cavalry, (with) archers, shield-bearers, lance-carriers, my brave war-riors experienced in battle, I made ready(and took the road to GN) TCL 3 321, cf.LU qu-ra-di-ia adi sirs dlikit idija ibid.332, La qu-ra-di-u alarittu ummdniuibid. 289 (Sar.); itti La qu-ra-di-ia §a afarsalme iddja la ippark ana GN allikma to-gether with my warriors who never leavemy side in peace (or war) I marched to'Asdod Winckler Sar. pl. 33:99; ana Uqn....Lf qu-ra-di-ia uma'irma I sent my war-riors to the Uqnfi river (and they defeatedthe enemy) Lie Sar. 338, cf. TCL 3 130 (Sar.);itti LfJ qu-ra-di-ia la gdmeliti qerig RN anaGN altakan panija together with my war-riors who give no quarter I set out towardKish against RN OIP 2 51:25 (Senn.); ina§dhdte ... qu-ra-di-ia ekdite kma bibbguSbi'ma I had my fierce warriors passover the mountain slopes like wild sheepTCL 3 255 (Sar.), cf. LaU qu-ra-di-ia ekdutiTCL 3 + KAH 2 141:224 (Sar.); qu-ra-du-u-aina elippdti iqqelp Purattu my warriorsdescended the Euphrates in boats (whileI traveled on dry land) OIP 2 74:69, cf.elippdt qu-ra-di-ia ibid. 76 and 75:84; qu-ra-du-u-a ana kdri makalle ikludu mywarriors reached the quay of the harbor(and swarmed out of the ships) ibid. 75:91(Senn.); qu-ra-di-ia kgma igirz eliAunuile'u like birds my warriors flew againstthem (the enemy) AKA 378 iii 105, also 276i 63 (both Asn.); dl danntifu assibi qu-ra-di-ia [uS] almeSu I besieged (GN) his strong-hold (and) had it surrounded by my

quraduwarriors 3R 8 ii 67 (Shalm. III); dira inamuhhi hiriRi UR.SAG.ME-ia kima nablihirisau usalbi as for the wall on themoat, I had my warriors surround itsmoat as with flame KAH 2 84:66 (Adn. II);gimir LU qi-ra-di-ui-un zgruti ... ula'alukakkiun all their fine warriors weresharpening their weapons Borger Esarh.44 i 70; qu-ra-di-Su-nu uemqit I overcametheir (the enemy's) warriors AKA 75 v 71(Tigl. I); Lj qu-ra-di-Su ina pan abulliukima asl unappis I massacred his war-riors at his (fortress's) gate like sheepTCL 3 302 (Sar.); ina la mini adik qu-ra-di-e(var. omits -e) -S I slew his innumer-able warriors Streck Asb. 26 iii 38; his wife,his sons, (and) his daughters itti 5 limSallat Lt qu-ra-di-Su with five thousandcaptured warriors (I brought to Assur)Lie Sar. 213, cf. Sallat qu-ra-di-Su ... anaummdndti mdtija lu ipddu 1R 31 iv 34(gamgi-Adad V); his messengers who carriedthe good news 1 lim zim pant La [qu-ra] -di-Su ana GN ... ublamma uS lis libbibrought to GN one thousand zim pani's(taken) from his (the enemy's) warriorsand thus made me jubilant Lie Sar. 451,cf. ibid. 112; alu. . . . ina eri la aqqi damequ-ra-di-e-i because I had not shed theblood of his warriors on the (battle)fieldTCL 3 123 (Sar.); pagar qu-ra-di-i-un(var.-nu) ina la qeberi uAdkil zibi I let thejackals eat the corpses of their (the enemyking's) warriors, leaving (them) unburiedBorger Esarh. 58 v 6, cf. kima buqli altatipagar LU qu(var. qi) -ra-di-id-un ibid. 56iv 70, also TCL 3 134 (Sar.); pagri qu-ra-di-Sd-nu kima urqti umalld sera with thecorpses of their (the enemy's) warriors Ifilled the plain as with grass OIP 2 46vi 9 (Senn.), cf. §almdt qu-ra-di-i-nu serarapa umalli Iraq 25 54:33 (Shalm. III), AOB1 120 iii 23 (Shalm. I), dame qu-ra-di-S6 qerarapSa umalli WO 2 414 iii 1 (Shalm. III), cf.also CT 34 43 Sm. 2106 r. 9, AfO 22 75:10; pagrzqu-ra-di nile a Elamti ID Ulaj askir withthe corpses of the warriors, the peopleof Elam, I blocked the Ulai river AfO 8

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qurdfutu184:48 (Asb.); Calmdt qu-ra-di-Ju-nu inagisalldt ladi kima rdhisi lukemmir I heapedup the corpses of their warriors on theledges of the mountain as the devasting(Adad would have done) AKA 51 iii 24,cf. AKA 61 iv 20, 77 v 93; Salmdt qu-ra-di-,u-nu ina bamdt ladi ana gurunndte luu-ke-ri-in dame qu-ra-di-Su-nu hurri ubamdte §a ladi lulardi the corpses oftheir warriors I piled up in heaps on theheights of the mountains, I made the bloodof their warriors flow over the lowlandand the level ground in the mountainsAKA 54 iii 53 and 55, Salmdt qu-ra-a-di- u-nufD Name ana Idiglat lu~iei I let the riverName carry off the corpses of their war-riors toward the Tigris AKA 40 ii 23, cf.Jalmdt qu-ra-di-u-nu .. . lumesQi AfO 18349:19 (all Tigl. I), cf. also AfO 6 84 Pt. III 9(A§Aur-bel-kala); dame qu-ra-di.ME- § d eralu asrup I colored the plain red withthe blood of his warriors KAH 2 84:43(Adn. II), cf. 1R 30 iii 12 (8amgi-Adad V), WincklerSar. pl. 34 No. 73:130.

3' in omen texts: majdl qu-ra-du(var.-di) irappil the burial ground of the war-riors (fallen in battle) will grow largerThompson Rep. 216 r. 3, 231:2, 232:2, 244D r. 4,also K.2899+ r. 14 and dupls. K.3575:9, etc.,Sm. 442:2.

quraditu s.; heroism; OB*; cf. qardu.[l]ibbum ildum tzbum qu-ra-du-tum

courage, discipline, l6an, (and) heroismRA 45 171:4 (OB lit.), see von Soden, Or. NS 26320.

quraltu s.; (meat prepared in a certainway); lex.*; cf. qard4u.

uzu tfn.pad, uzu tun.pad.tur.ra = qu-ra-dS-tum (followed by roast meat) Hh. XV 258 f.;tfin.pad = qu-ra-ds-tum Antagal G 30.

qurbu see qerbu adj., qurbitu in §a qur,biti, and qurubtu.

qurbutuqurbutu in a qurbiti (qarbti, qurrubti)s.; (an official); NA, NB; wr. syll. (Lfqar-bu-td Tell Halaf No. 115:8, in NB alsoLO (Sa) qur-ru-bu-ti) and LU qur-zAG; cf.qerebu.

Lfj qur-ZAG LfQ qur-bu-u-te Bab. 7 pl. 6 v 7 (NAlist of professions), see MSL 12 239.

a) in NA letters: PN [LO] qur-bu-t issiani Sa Lfj URU Lahiraja ittalka abat larri

izzakru qepdni a .DINGIR.MES a GNGN2 GN 3 GN 4 uptattiu anite iptaqdu PN,the q., came with the deputy of the man ofGN (and), announcing a royal order, dis-missed the qpu officials of the templesof Sippar, Cutha, Hursagkalama, (and)Dilbat, (and) appointed others ABL 1214r. 5, cf. hubtu Sa PN LfT qur-bu-te issiunupaqiduni the prisoners of war with whomPN, the q., is entrusted ABL 552:5, cf. (alsoin charge of prisoners) ABL 306:3, 12; Lf qur-bu-ti pan LfJ.A.BA pan La muarkis.MEAlipqidu Qgdbeunu liia liddina4unu letthem appoint a q. (to be) at the disposalof the scribe and of the muAarkisu's totake their men and deliver (them) to themABL 127:4, see Postgate Taxation p. 256; 1430men adi a L qur-bu-te naganni includingthose the q. brought Iraq 28 186 No. 89:25,see Postgate Taxation p. 384, cf. ABL 760:4, onemare a PN Lt qur-bu-td naganni Iraq27 16 No. 6:1, see Postgate Taxation p. 21, cf.also ABL 340:13; La qur-bu-te uptahhir inamuhhija na-qa(text -ha) ussallimunu theq. has now assembled (the towns that havenot submitted) and (brought) all of themhere to me (to deliver services to the king)ABL 246:14, see Postgate Taxation 270; atd LJqur-bu-te .. . la etiqa Iraq 20 195 No. 44:15,see Postgate Taxation p. 390; there are 190men to do the king's work 6ummu Ljqur-bu-te 6ummu Lf a EN.NUN [lill]ikaqdb annte [. . .] laddinau let either aq. or a guard come so that I can assignhim these men (to do the king's work)ABL 99 r. 17, see Postgate Taxation p. 254; PNina muhhi 6azbussi a dulli anni Lj qur-ZAG ina muhi bel pdhiti URU GN bel pediti

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qurbuituURU GN2 issapra PN has sent a q. to thegovernor of Lahiru (and) to the governorof Diir-garrukin about the transportationof that work ABL 558 r. 3; PN [L qu] r-bu-te §a §E nusdhi issuhuni PN, the q., whocollected the barley tax ABL 1012 r. 10,see Postgate Taxation 294; if it suits the king,my lord LlT qur-bu-ti u LU etinnu alSurajulillikuni ina libbi le-fel-k[u]-flul dullu SarE.DINGIR.ME§1 [1e]pud[u . .. ] let a q.and an Assyrian architect go there (toDer), stay (lit. eat) there and carry outthe work of the temple ABL 476 r. 23, coll.Parpola LAS No. 277; ina UD.6.KAM ga MNLU qur-bu-td ina muhhija ittalka inaUD.7.KAM Sa MN si8& uttammi uni on thesixth day of the month ofAjaru the q. cameto me, on the seventh day of the monthof Ajaru the horses were dispatched ABL226:9; fqurl-bu-te-ia ina muhhi GN assaparI sent my q. to (the king of) GN ABL 198r. 15 (let. of Senn. to Sargon); ina qdtePN L'Tqur-bu-ti ana larri belija ussebila I havesent (bundles of reeds) to the king, mylord, by the hand of PN, the q. Iraq 18 47No. 31:12; the thieves were brought inaIGI PN qur-ZAG ina 11I PN2 Lj qur-zAGina IGI PN3 2-e Iraq 32 132:5f.; arru bellLfj qur-bu-td taklu liSpura li'al luggigilet the king, my lord, send a trustworthyq. to make inquiries (and) investigate (thematter of an alleged theft of temple andpalace property) ABL 339 r. 11, cf. LUj qur-bu-tid a Sarru belz ipuranni Iraq 36 216No. 103:6, also PN [L]a qur-bu-ti Lf takluummuru SA PN, the q., is a trustworthy(and) reliable man ABL 956 r. 13, see ParpolaLAS No. 190; andku PN Lj qur-bu-ti dibbiammar illibbini [ni]ddubbaiSunu unqu .. .nussamieunu I (and) PN, the q., toldthem what was in it (the king's sealedorder), we read them the sealed orderABL 544:6; LT qur-bu-td ina muhi beturdilu lipqid dindni Sa beti lpuS let (theking) appoint a q. over the house of hisservant so that he may settle the casesconcerning the house ABL 415 r. 14; 3 La.ERIN.ME§ dannutiunu a La GN ittalkuni

qurbiituina panzja inapan PN Lj qur-bu-ti ittitissuki annie iqtib2 three important men fromthe GN tribe came to me, they appearedbefore PN, the q., and spoke thus ABL206:7; La qur-bu-te [is]sija [lid]puru ABL667 r. 3, see Parpola LAS No. 272; PN a issiLt qur-ZAG.ME§ Sarru belZ ulelni PN,whom the king, my lord, has promoted tothe rank of q. ABL 85 r. 2.

b) in NA leg. and adm.: iron arrow-heads a Lt qur-bu-ti Sa urad ekalliPostgate Royal Grants No. 51:14; naphar 1 Ltqur-bu-[ti] 1 Lt ka-sir 3 [. . .] ADD 906i 4; PN LU qur-bu-te PN2 qepu ADD 865:2;x copper pithal a La qur-bu-ti ADD 1036iv 10, see Postgate Taxation 331; PN LU qur-ZAG ADD 860 ii 4 and passim, 857 ii 9 and passim,1076 ii 6, and passim in ADD, see ADD volume 4p. 359 glossary s.v. mutir puti; as witness: IGIPN §d qur-bu-ti Postgate Palace Archive No.9:15; IGI PN La qur-ZAG ADD 627:18 and 19,472 r. 9, 318 r. 16; IGI PN La qur-bu-ti ADD414 r. 30ff., 113 r. 4, 168 r. 4, wr. LT qur-bu-tiADD 428 r. 11, 19:6, Lt qur-bu-u-ti ADD 177r. 7, La qur-bu-<ti> ADD 11 r. 5, 34 r. 4;note the writings: IGI PN LU qar-bu-tdTell Halaf No. 115:8; without det. La : IGIPN qur-ZAG ADD 349 r. 12, 993 iii 3.

c) in NB letters from the time of theSargonids: LJT §a qur-ru-bu-ti Sa Sarriana panija ittalka the king's q. camebefore me ABL 721 r. 1; Sa la unqu Sarriu §a la Lf qur-bu-te ul anandanka withouta sealed order of the king or without a q.I will not give you (the fugitives) ABL336:13; PN LJ qur-ru-bu-tu Sa unqu anamuhhi Di-ri Sarru belija ina qdtiAu ule-bila ina harrdn Nippuri 8M PN, the q.,by whose hand the king, my lord, for-warded a sealed document regarding GN,is on the way to Nippur ABL 866:6; 1-enLt qur-ru-bu-tu linpuramma akale inaharrdni ana hubti liddin may (the king)send one q. to provide food for the pris-oners on the journey ABL 792 r. 13, cf.(also in charge of prisoners) ABL 794 r. 17, cf.(beside the rab kiir) ABL 462 r. 28; Lj qur-

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qurbituru-<bu>-tu zbukuunuti ABL 752 r. 19; inaqdte PN LO qur-ru-[bu-ti] altapracu ABL964:16, cf. (in broken context) ABL 1459:5, note,wr. L qu-ru-bu-ti ABL 968 r. 3f., see Lands-berger Brief n. 119; LT qur-bu-ftel ittija lid=purma lullikma a aluaied u nikkassjaluttalSd let (the king) send a q. with meand I will go and evict my brother andtake my (own) property ABL 228 r. 4, cf.PN La qur-bu-tu u Lj.A.KIN.ME§-i kul=lundli CT 54 508 r. 8; PN Lj qur-ru-bu-tu§arru beld liS'al may the king, my lord,question PN, the q. (about the contentof a letter brought previously by him)ABL 266 r. 20; ana muhhi PN LT qur-ru-bu-tu ittebu they have made an attackon PN, the q. ABL 275:14 and 18; pi unuitti LO qur-bu-tu ki iMkunu (the fa muhhidli and the hazannu) conspired withthe q. ABL 1034:12, cf. ibid. 7, cf. also (in brokencontext) ABL 267:20, 1123 r. 11.

d) in other NB: lipirtu 8a La qur-fbu-til ana LU GAL kdri TCL 9 96:14; PNLf qur-ru-bu-u-tu 8a muhhi karrdnu PN2L qur-ru-bu-u-tud a muhhi birandti (seebirtu A mng. 3) VAS 5 2:9 and 11, cf. PNL qur-ru-bu-tu (second witness after the8dkin temi of Uruk) BM 113929:35 (time ofAsb.); 5000 lubluu La qur-ru-bu-td (pre-ceded by §a rei) BSOAS 30 496 iii 17 (NBtribute list); five shekels of silver ilki 8amiil La qur-zAG (for context see ilku Amng. 3f) Nbn. 962:2.

e) organization: itti La qur-bu-ti 8epejanasquti u dbe tdhazija la gdmeluti andku... panulun aqbat with my select per-sonal q.-s and my merciless warriors Imarched in front of them OIP 2 36 iii 81,cf. LO qur-bu-tu.ME 8epeja gitmdluti qbetdhazija qarditi ... ina qereb elippdtiularkiblunitima ibid. 74:66 (Senn.); PN Lqur-bu-u-ti 8a 8~Ip (buyer in a sales con-tract) ADD 177:7, also qur-ZAG Sep ADD837:4, IGI PN La qur-ZAG 8a GIR II ADD50:11 (coll.); lu LO qur-bu-ti lu 8a iepi(among officials) PRT 44:6; [IGI PN La].GAL KA.K]S La qur-ZAG ADD 116 r. 10,

qurdu Awr. (same person) LJ.GAL ki-Qir qur-ZAGADD 115 r. 7, cf. Lj.GAL ki-qir id qur-ZAGADD 211 r. 12, 235 r. 9, 444 r. 10; PN Ltj.GALki-Qir qur-ZAG 8a mdr 8arri (buyer) ADD207:6, see kiru in rab kiri mng. la; PNLJ qur-ZAG DUMU LUGAL ADD 857 ii 17,iii 2, ADD 860 iv 10 and 16, see Kinnier WilsonWine Lists p. 102 f., also Lfa qur-bu-te 8amar 8arri Iraq 23 56 ND 2803 ii 26, r. i 8;53 napdte PN uggabbita ana PN2 Lr qur-bu-tu 8a mdr 'arri ittidin PN has seized53 persons and given (them) to PN2 , theq. of the crown prince ABL 600:10; PNLf qur-ZAG ummi darri (among palaceofficials) ADD 857 iii 42, also 860 iii 19, seeKinnier Wilson Wine Lists p. 104; note: Lt MUqur-bu-te AJSL 42 233 No. 1186:4, but Laqur-bu-te ibid. No. 1187:1 (case).

For Smith Idrimi 83 see tapputu; for Tell HalafNo. 24:9 see qabutu B.

Postgate Palace Archive 38.

qurdammu see qardammu.qurdu A s.; 1. heroism, bravery, 2. (inpl.) heroic deeds, 3. (a song); OAkk.,OB, SB, NA, NB; cf. qardu.

en.ti = qur-du Lu Excerpt II 74.zA.mi.mu za.mi.z6.en nam.gal.mu rxl

[. .. ] an.kur.ku.z6.en [. .. ] : kunndninni nu'i=daninninarb [. . .] qur-di-ia it-ma-a-r[a . .. ] KAR100 ii 6-9; z[A].mf an.ti : tanittu qur-di 4R 20r. 36f.; dNin.in.te.na = be-let qur-[di] An =Anum IV 23, cf. dNin.in.ti.na TCL 15 pl. 27No. 10:212 (list of gods).

1. heroism, bravery - a) of gods - 1'in sing.: [8arru 8a ultu] .eheriu adi rabiubeT ssunupuqquma qur-us-su-nu dallu theking who from his youth to his maturitywas submissive to their (the gods') ruleand has proclaimed their valor BorgerEsarh. 80:32, cf. belilsunu putuqquma qur-us-8u-nu dallu ibid. 12:16, see BiOr 21 143,cf. also qur-ud-ki dalla LKA 48: 11 and dupl.BMS 9:44, see Ebeling Handerhebung 68:17, qur-ru-ud-ka lud-l[ul] CT 44 22 r. 7; for otherrefs. see daldlu A usage a; uaii ma=lemmi raJubbatam u qt-ur-dam Si ihsusqt-ur-da-am illibbiSa ikrar ananta he

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qurdu Aprovided her (ITtar) with awe-inspiringsheen, fearsome radiance, and heroism,she thought of nothing but heroism, set (?)her heart on battle VAS 10 214 iv 9f. (OBAgugaja, coll. B. Groneberg), cf. rfql-ur-da-amdunnam ina nimeqi ueib Idnilki in (my)wisdom I enhanced your stature withheroism (and) strength ibid. vi 31, cf. alsoviii 16, also iddt qu-ur-di-ki the charac-teristics of your valor RA 15 180 vii 24;qur-di AIur belija u tanitti qar-ra-du-ti-idiqtanabbd ahulap (see qarrdditu) BorgerEsarh. 103 i 7; qu-ur-di ilz u [itardti . . .]Studies Landsberger 286 r. 30 (MA inc.); in per-sonal names: Qir-ti-lum Sauren, MVN 2371 r. 7, and passim in OAkk., Qir-di-ItarBirot Tablettes 72 ii 29, YOS 13 41:2, and passimin OB, abbr. Qi-ur-di-ia JCS 9 104 No.107:2, Edzard Tell ed-Der 113:6, 145:3, also MDP22 14:5, 21:8 and r. 5, Qir-du-a TCL 1727:3, 28:3, Q'-ru-ud-sd PBS 11/3 77 iii 4,Ql-ru-s' YOS 14 107:25 and case 10' (all OB);[Qu] r-di-Itar-ldmur Postgate Palace Archive32 r. 2, for other NA names see Tallqvist APN184f.

2' in pl.: [ilutki] luarbd luna'[id qur] -di-[ki] LKA 17:2, see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 346;ili lutammar qur-di-ka itari narbika liqbimay my (personal) god praise your valor,may my goddess speak of your greatnessBMS 12:92, see Ebeling Handerhebung 82; ilutkiu qur-di-ki ludpi STC 2 pl. 83:102, seeEbeling Handerhebung 134, cf. adlul narbtili rabti §a AISur u ama4 qur-di-di-nuudpd ana qdte (at that time) I praisedthe greatness of the great gods, I pro-claimed the valor of AgSur and gamaforever 3R 7 i 49 (Shalm. III); mularb qur-di-Ai-un AnOr 12 304 i 17, see Reiner, JNES17 207 ad p. 86, cf. lidlulu qur-di-ka JAOS88 130 r. 10, also i-dal-la-lu qur-de-e-kaK.2625:1, qur-di ilutika. . . ludlul KAR 74r. 23, cf. ibid. 19; for other refs. see daldlu Ausage a, apid A mng. 4a; liqbt tanidkulularb beltk u lidbubu qur-di-ku liadp'dzikrilku may they (the people) speak ofyour (Sarpanitu's) praise, may they extol

qurdu Ayour lordship, talk of your valor, pro-claim your fame RAcc. 135:267, cf. ibid.130:25, 27, 136:272.

b) of the king: asumittu 8a qur-di-<ia>epul ina libbi aqup I made a monument(telling) of my valor and erected it there(in the Amanus) AKA 373 iii 89 (Asn.); litdtqur-di-ia irnintu tamhdrija .. . ina narjau temennija altur I inscribed on my stelaand my foundation document my heroicvictories (and) my triumphs in battle AKA104 viii 39 (Tigl. I), cf. lita[t qur]-di-ia epeitqdtija ina qerbilu altur Unger Reliefstele 21,eplet qur-di-ia . .. tanatti le'itija AOB 1124 left edge 1 (Shalm. I), ilkakdt qur-di-ia(var. -a) AKA 297 ii 6 (Asn.), cf. 3R 7 i 50,8 ii 60, WO 1 468:37, WO 2 148:72, BA 6/1148:104 (all Shalm. III); note adi ulabra qur-ru-ud-ka Tn.-Epic "iv" 17.

c) of warriors: emqam birkim 6utdttqd-ur-da-am RA 45 173:54 (OB lit.), cf.qu-ur-du-um (in broken context) ibid.171:6.

2. (in pl.) heroic deeds: qa-rit-ti Iftarrabic qur-di-ki STC 2 pl. 78:34, see EbelingHanderhebung 132; qur-di tanitti Sa ASurbelija Rost Tigl. III p. 64:39; imd dannssuta Marduk [Sa arpanitu] a-mu-ra qur-de-e-Sd ,irut[i . . .] ABL 926:7 (NB); mdtdtinapharina liImdma lindda qur-di-ia mayall countries hear of and praise my heroicdeeds Cagni Erra V 60, cf. ilu abbuka 1 =muruma linddu qur-di-k[a] ibid. I 75, cf.also bullit aradk[a litta] 'id qur-di-ka AfO19 59:157 (prayer to Marduk); Sapldtu idallalada[hlizka] ildtu itammd qur-di-[ka] thenether world praises you (Lugalgirra), theupper world speaks of your heroic deedsAfO 14 144:67 (bit mesiri); luSarrih qur-di-ki(Ittar) Craig ABRT 1 31 r. 18.

3. (a song): 2 6umer 3 akkadd naphar5 qu-ur-du two Sumerian, 3 Akkadian(songs), a total of five heroic songs KAR158 viii 42.

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qurdu Bqurdu B (or gurdu) s.; (mng. unkn.);SB.

bu6i makkuru simat tandddti ugarrinqerbulMa gu-ur-du talrihti nifirti 6arrutiunakkimu libbuMa I heaped up in it (thepalace) all kinds of possessions worthyof admiration, I stored in it acclaimed q.,royal treasures VAB 4 116 ii 21, parallel 136viii 16 (both Nbk.).

qurnatu s.; (a foodstuff); Mari.*

2 BAN 1 SILA qur-na-a-tum ARM 19 365r. 6; 51 SlLA qur-na-a-tum ibid. r. 10.

qurnfi s.; (a plant); SB.[t q]u-un-di : 0 qur-[nu-u] Uruanna I 300, t

qur-nu-u SA 5 , fJ qur-nu-u ta-ba-li, f x x x: 0r qur-nu-u (preceded by equivalents of urni) ibid.310ff.

qur-ni-e SAR CT 14 50:12 (list of plants inMerodachbaladan's garden).

qurpisu see gurpisu.

qurqurratu (gurgurratu) s.; female metal-worker; OB; cf. gurgurru A.

d A&.zu.mah = URUDU.NAGAR.KALAM.MA.KEx(KID) (var. [... gu]r-fgurl-rat mdti) CT 24 50K.4349x+ i 3 and dupls. (= An = Anum II 112),var. from CT 24 13 ii 2 (coll. W. G. Lambert).

sagkallat Igig bdniat kalima qu-ur-qi-ra-at Anunnak iili u garri (Mama) first ofthe Igigi, creatrix of all, q. of the Anun-naki, of god and king HS 1884 iii 23 (OB lit.,courtesy W. von Soden); obscure: inimaDN [...] qu-ur-qu-ur-ra-at [...] ittu qi-ur-qi-u[r ... ] CT 15 1 ii 4f. (OB hymn toMami).

See also gurgurratu.

qurqurru see grurgrru A.

qurqurd s.; blood soup; lex.*tu 7 .mud.gar.[ra] = [qur-qu-ru-u] Hh. XXIII

Fragm. c 2, restored from Hg. B VI 100, in MSL11 89.

qurruduqurru adj.; (mng. uncert.); SB.

I cut down [trees] in the sacred groveof DN (in Susa) iliu qur-ru-tu Su-lu-k[u. . .] its q. gods became(?) [.. .] (I cutdown the horns of the temple tower)Bauer Asb. 1 pl. 45 K.7673 ii 10.

qurrubitu s.(?); (mng. unkn.); NB; cf.qerebu.

§itta enzdtu u 1-ta immertu ztabakkuqu-ru-bi-e-tum immertum u DUMU-Si [uliml-ma-an-gur ul inandinu they broughttwo goats and one ewe, he is not willingto deliver the q., the ewe, and its lambCT 22 82:25.

Possibly fer. of an adj. qurrubu.

qurrubtu see qurubtu.

qurrubu see qurbutu in §a qurbiiti andqurrubitu.

qurrubitu see qurbutu in a qurbiti.

qurrudu adj.; with hair falling out intufts; OB, SB; cf. qarddu B v.

[... . z]i = qur-ru-du Lu Excerpt II 170;[x.(x) ].zi, [x.(x) ].x = qu-ru-du (preceded byqubbuhu) Igituh App. A i 14f.

a) said of hair or the head: ummaadrat qabal qaqqadiu qur-ru-da-at if the

hair on the middle of his head is fallingout in tufts Kraus Texte 2b r. 22, and dupls.3b iii 20, 4c iii 11, see Kraus, MVAG 40/2 84:106;Summa amelu qqaqqassu qur-ru-ud KocherBAM 3 ii 32, parallel 34:12.

b) as personal name: Qur-ru-du-umBIN 7 182:8, also YOS 8 118:3, UET 5 834 seal 1,Birot Tablettes 70C r. i 23, wr. Gu-ru-du-umibid. 72 iv 13, v 5", UET 5 693:3, wr. Gu-ur-ru-du-um UET 5 834:6, YOS 8 31:1, andpassim in OB, see Holma Quttulu p. 42 f.; Qzi-ru-di-im (gen.) ARM 9 276:6; Qur-ru-duMDP 22 160:34.

See also gurrudu.

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qurruduqurrudu v.; to make into a hero; SB; II;cf. qardu.

tu-qar-rad 5R 45 K.253 v 54 (gramm.).

enia tu-qar-r[a]d la idnd tuaJra you(Samag) make a brave man of him who isweak, a rich man of him who is poorLKA 49:16, see Ebeling Handerhebung p. 50;i-qar-rad lilla akd u-[. .. ] I can makethe fool into a hero, the weak [into .. .]Lambert BWL 166 K.8413:5.

qurruru see gurruru.

qurf s.; cutting (of wood); SB.garbatu kabbar[ta] qaliptu qu-ru-u 5a

kiera la nad poplar wood, thick, peeled,a cutting that has no knots OppenheimGlass 32 Introduction A 11, B 17.

The ref. U qu-r[u] (describing the con-stellation Leo) AfO 4 74:18 occurs in'broken context, and thus cannot be takenas belonging to this word. In ADD 680 r. 2,a gentilic (possibly Qu-u-'-a-a) probablyoccurs.

qurubtu (or qurrubtu) s.; (a group ofofficials); NA; cf. qerebu.

x silas (of bread) qur-ub-td (precededby mukil appdti and LJ EN GI§.GIGIR.ME ) Kinnier Wilson Wine Lists 155 No. 35 i 8(= Iraq 23 32 ND 2489), cf. (bread rations for).a qur-ru-ub-td, EN GIGIR.ME§ qur-ru-ub-tu ibid. No. 34:7f. (= Iraq 23 21 ND 2371); 14muSarkisu §apithal qur-u[ b(?) -te] Iraq 23 22(pl. 11) ND 2386+ ii 17, see Postgate Taxationp. 372, cf. Lt.GI§.GIGIR qur-ub-te Lt pithalqur-ub-te Borger Esarh. 106:16, also §dGI.GIGIR qur-[ub-te] ABL 1009:7.

The syntax indicates that the word isa collective like, e.g., quhurtu.

*qurunnu (fern. qurunnatu) adj.; (mng.unkn.); SB.*

ifpalurtu qu-ru-un-[na-tum] ACh Istar28:37, restored from K.8725:20.

qulluduqurunnu see gurunnu.

qugartu s.; (mng. unkn.); MA*; pl.qulardtu.

[papan libbi(?)]-§u-nu adi qu-Sa-ra-te-§u-nu lapdtuunu ... a arpi their (thestags') [bellies ?] up to their q.-s, their lips(etc.) are of silver AfO 18 302 i 34 (inv.),cf. [qu-] a-ra-tu ibid. 33.

qu~Sudu adj.; holy, sacred; MA royal,SB; cf. qa du.

a) said of persons: elil qu-6u-ud rubipdlihki clean and holy is the prince whoworships you (Igtar) KAR 107:38, dupls.KAR 358:25, KAH 2 139:5b.

b) said of sanctuaries: bita ella [at]=mdna qu-uu-da ... pu I built (for Anuand Adad) a holy temple, a sacred abodeAKA 97 vii 90 (Tigl. I), cf. AfO 18 353:83 and 89,cited quiludu v.; bita and 5a el mahri ajak=kika qu-Iu-du iri'annima she (I(tar) re-quested from me another temple, onewhich would be more sacred than herformer abode Weidner Tn. 17 No. 7:84.

c) other occs.: ina zibe elluti nindabdqu-u§-§u-du-t[i] with pure food offeringsand holy cereal offerings KAR 128 r. 18;[. . .] qu-ul- u-da (var. qu-Su-[. . .]) hii=taki (in broken context, parallel: ellu)KAR 358: 16, var. from dupl. KAR 107:29 (hymnof Asn. I).

quIudu v.; to purify; MA royal; II;cf. qadu.

ki pi ekalldtema mdddte [5arrajni ...la u-qa-Si-du-i-na-ma ana lubat iluti lailkunu as the kings did not purify thenumerous palaces and did not make(them) into a divine abode AfO 18 353:86,cf. [. .] -u ekalldti 6indtina la qa-u-da-maana Subat iliti [Ua] Sakna ibid. 83, cf.ekallu Si [la qa-S]u-da-at ibid. 89 (Tigl. I).

The form qulfudu is denominative fromthe adj. qaldu, as uAJu4u is from eMu. Seealso quiMudu adj.

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quAf

quflt s.; (a garment); syn. list.*qu-4u-u = MIN (= lubilu DINGIR.ME§) (errone-

ously read CAD 5 (G) 144 sub guSl) Malku VI83b (from STT 393).

*qutintu (qutdndu) s.; (mng. uncert.);NB*; cf. qatdnu.

KU qu-tan-du uzu HAB-su-ru-ku(share of the temple personnel from thesacrificial animal) OECT 1 pl. 20:21 and 42.

(Holma, Or. NS 13 230.)

qutanu A s.; (a plot of land); NA, NB;cf. qatdnu.

zeru zaqpu qu-ta-nu §a pahhdri ki4ddndr GN ... zeru PN a-(na> nukaribbuti anaPN, iddin a planted field, the qutdnu landof the potter, on the bank of the GN canal,(this) field PN gave to PN2 under the termsof a gardening contract PBS 2/1 215: 1, alsoBE 10 116:2, cf. Camb. 142:4, cf. also (land)9a ina x qu-ta-nu ina hanSe a bit PN TuM2-3 6:2, also ultu ID GN qu-ta-nu ana<e>ldnu adi ID GN2 ibid. 7:14; 7 SILA zeru§a ina qu-ta-nu Nbn. 1111:11; x SILA §dqu-ta-nu (parallel: a ZAB-da-td) TuM 2-3246:15, cf. Nbn. 351:15f., note qu-ta-nu AN.TA, qu-ta-nu qablc, qu-ta-nu 5alu Nbn.644:6ff. (all NB); 1-en qu-ta-nu (in list offield parcels) KAV 186:4, cf. ibid. 5, 7, 10,r. 7, 10, and 12 (NA).

For other refs. see kutdnu; for OAkk.personal names see kudanu.

D. Cocquerillat, WO 7 121 n. 25.

qutanu B s.; thin piece (of lumber);OB*; cf. qatdnu.

ana iniz aqbikum umma andkuma elippam [.. .] igz damqitim §ub[ilam] atta qi-ta-ni a a-[na .. . . a iredd [. . .] I spoketo you about lumber, I told you, "Have aboat bring me only good lumber," but you[have sent] thin lumber which is unsuit-able for [.. .] VAS 16 182:7.

Frankena, AbB 6 p. 123.

qutinu see kutdnu.

qutaruqutiru s.; fumigant; SB, NA; pl. qutdru;wr. syll., also qut-PA (i.e., qut-dru) andKt.GI, Kt.GUR (both qux-tdru), (SARKocher BAM 183:19); cf. qatdru v.

[. .. ] = KU-ta-ru = (Hitt.) x [. .. ] Izi Bogh. B 18.

a) in purification rituals: §IM.EN.DIqu-ta-ri [u~-ba-lu NINDA kardri (theofficial in charge of suddu aromatics) isresponsible for bringing the suadu (and?)the fumigants, for putting the bread(offering) in place Ebeling Parfuimrez. pl. 37ii 5, see Ebeling Stiftungen 24; bita Sudtu MA§.H[UL.D]JB.BA URUDU.NfG.KALA.GA KU§.GU 4.GAL §E.NUMUN.ME§ qu-ta-ri tuhdbmayou purify that house with the scapegoat,the great copper bell, the (drum made ofthe) hide of the great bull, seeds, (and)fumigants Or. NS 39 135:28 (namburbi); qu-ta-ri tu'ba' uniti m ... tullal4uniti youmove the fumigants past them (and)purify them with water KAR 91 r. 23, cf.qu-tar nummir light the incense KAR 65r. 4.

b) in med. and magic use: qu-ta-ri inahar[amme] ussebila afterward (i.e., aftervisiting the sick crown prince) I sentfumigants ABL 570:11, cf. naplaldti qut-PAmlif malqidti 6alS§u ana arri belija usse=bila three times I have sent salves, fumi-gants, phylacteries, (and) potions to theking, my lord ABL 740:8, cf. CT 53 290 r. 3(= Parpola LAS No. 265), 870:8 (= Parpola LASNo. 193, all NA); you recite the incantationover a lump of salt ina muhhi nignakkiSa qu-ta-ri 9a ina reS erdi talakkan andput it in the censer for fumigants thatis at the head of the (patient's) bedMaqlu IX 120; KO.GI ebbuti [ina] muhhi[ersi] taSakkan you place pure fumigantsover the (sick man's) bed AfO 21 17:33,cf. [q]u-ta-ri ebbite (in broken context)BBR No. 26 i 8, cf. Kt.GI UD.UD.MES TCL6 34 i 7, note qu-ta-ri UD.rUD1.ME =dLig-si 4 BBR No. 27 ii 6, dupl. PBS 10/4 12ii 12; qu-ta-ri a EN DN qaqqadz mala ana(var. ina) KA.K S.MES Safru igtenil tubal=lal tuqattarSu you mix the fumigants for

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qutaruthe incantation "Enlil is my head," asmuch as are prescribed for (var. in) theritual(?), and fumigate him (with them)Maqlu IX 134, var. from STT 83:64, cf. youcrush these 14 drugs KUt.GUR a ]N dup=pir lemnu N ... ana muhhi tamannumatuqattaru Kocher BAM 3 iii 5, [q]u-ta-ri§a AN dup-[pir lemnu] CT 53 290 r. 5, cf.also qu-ta-ri tuqattar AfO 21 17:32; [§ipt]aannita ana qu-ta-ri u rimkiz a SA.GAL U[izi] kdsisti tamannu you recite this in-cantation over the fumigants and lotionsfor (treating) the sagallu disease and con-suming fever CT 23 3 K.2473+2551:15; 2§ipdti ana muhhi napfalti qu-ta-ru [...]two incantations [to be recited] over thesalve, the fumigant, [and...] Kocher BAM216:4, cf. 4R 55 No. 1 r. 13; after list of 66plants: [ann] tu ammii a eri [K] t.GURu naplaltu AO 17621 r. v 2, cited Labat, RA54 170, cf. (you mix various aromatics intotallow) ina NE adgi qu-ta-r[u] in'smoke (?) of a4dgu thorn they are fumi-gants (cf. you mix into ghee: napaltuline 14) KocherBAM 104:24, x qut-PA (besidenapaltu) ADD 1089:1 ff.; (various sub-stances) anni qu-ta-ri 4R 55 No. 1:37(Lamagtu), cf. (after similar enumeration)naphar 9 SAR.ME§ (qutdru?) dD[IM.ME]Kocher BAM 183:19; 8 tj.HI.A Kft.GUR Sauzne (followed by tuqattar(Su)) AMT33,1:32, also, wr. Kt.GI RA 53 18 r. 30,Kocher BAM 3 iv 34; 4 fT.HI.A qu-ta-riimmati (sulphur, etc.) four ingre-

dients as fumigants (to treat) paralysisAMT 91,1 r. 3, 4 j.HI.A Kt..GI 6immati nadam ereni tuballal tuqat[tarfu] AMT 92,9ii 2 + 92,4 r. 1, also 4 .HI.A napsalti u qu-ta-ri Simmati AMT 92,9 ii 4 + 92,4 r. 3; naphar10 qu-ta-frul [ia] AU.GIDIM.[MA] AMT 95,2iii 2, also 33,3:12, 99,3:9, 15, r. 7, Kocher BAM216:49, 220 iii 5, 7 f .ME§ qu-ta-ru aa uv.GIDIM.MA ibid. 472:9, and, wr. Kt.GURTCL 6 34 ii 3; KtT.GI a hzpi libbi KocherBAM 388 i 7, (6a militti) ibid. 2, (6a DR.GIG)STT 281 i 14, (SAL.NU.SI.SA = la multfirti) ibid. 11,cf. also i 16, 24, 26; KOt.GUR Sa AN.TA.SUB.BA (also Sa MA§.ZU, Sa hZp libbi, Sa ummi)

qutnu(inscribed on clay vessels) Iraq 42 84;IM.1.KAM KO.GI first tablet: fumigationTCL 6 34 r. ii 16, see Hunger Kolophone No. 100,cf. [DUB.X.KAM K]1t.GI.ME§ K.8696 r. 14;other writings KtO.GI and KO.GUR are citedhurd4u mng. 5a and b, and are to bedeleted there; uncert.: NA 4 Dt.A.BI annltiKtL.GI tu-tar ina putifu tarakkassu AMT102 i 37, cf. 24 NA 4.ME§ SAG.KI.DIB.BAKt.GI tu-tar ina SAG.KI- i tarakkassuK.9288 ii 4; obscure: (various seeds) GIMqu-ta-ri ineu u SAG.KI-[idi ... ] AMT12,4:8.

c) other occs.: 1 NfG.NA hur4i Saqu-ta-ri one gold censer for fumigationIraq 23 33 ND 2490+2609:4 (list of objects); 2Sehdti Sa DN 1 Sehtu dannutu 1 MIN [qul-ta-ri van Driel Cult of AASur 94 viii 24 (NA).

The Izi Bogh. ref. in lex. section may notbe connected with this word.

Reiner, AfO 18 394 and 19 150 n. 1; Labat,RA 55 152f.

qutnu s.; 1. (a thin fabric), 2. thinpart of an object; OAkk., OB, SB; wr.syll. and SIG; cf. qatdnu.

1. (a thin fabric): [21 GI u§ 4 KOt§U.BAD DAGAL ana urkim 3 Ktr§ 3 Ktrana rasim qt-ut-nu-um two GI long, fourcubits (one) SU.BAD wide toward theback, three cubits (long), three cubits(wide) toward the front, a thin cloth(?)Gelb OAIC 11:13 (OAkk.); qu-ut-ni ana lubuStiawilim lilepil let him produce thin(fabrics) for the wardrobe of the bossVAS 16 189:26, cf. (x wool) ana qd-ut-nilubu ti [aw'lim] epeiim ibid. 11.

2. thin part of an object - a) of theexta- 1' qutun marti neck of the gallbladder: 6umma A [qu] -tu-un martimkadat if the "foot" reaches the neck ofthe gall bladder YOS 10 44:21 (OB), cf.Summa mehret qi-tu-un marti patir if thefront part of the neck of the gall bladderis split KAR 150: 14, wr. SIG CT 20 46 ii 60(both SB); martum imittam kinat qd-tu-unmartim ikbir the gall bladder was firm on

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qutnuthe right side, the neck of the gall bladderwas thick Bab. 2 pl. 6 (opp. p. 257):6 (OBext. report), cf. 'umma SIG marti kabar ifthe neck of the gall bladder is thick CT 2039:8 (SB); Summa E§ itu gumelim anaimittim ilwima ressa ina qu-tu-un <marstim> itakan if the gall bladder surrounds<the ... > from left to right and lays itstip on the neck of the gall bladder RA27 149:26 (OB), see Riemschneider, ZA 57 130;Summa SIG marti Sara mali if the neck ofthe gall bladder is full of "wind" CT 30 15K.3841:21; Summa SIG marti q-i abitmame marti la u~i if the neck of the gallbladder is held with a filament and theliquid of the gall bladder does not comeout ibid. 13 (SB), cf. qzgm qd-tu-un martimisbat YOS 10 25:75 (OB); [umma ina] kubursIG marti 2 kakkii ridut[u Sa] knu if thereare two perpendicular(?) "weapon-marks"on the thick part of the neck of the gallbladder KAR 446:1; note the sequencesSAG (rcEu) - MURUB 4 (qablu) - SIG (qut=nu) of the gall bladder CT 30 2 K.6905: 6-8, 16r. 11-13, 14-16, SIG - MURUB 4 - SAG TCL6 2:24-26, and passim in SB ext.

2' qutun niri: Summa ina qu-tu-un nirikakkabu sdmum (akin if at the thin partof the "yoke" there is a red star(-shapedspot) (parallel to re u and qablu iv 31 and33) YOS 10 42 iv 35, cf. ibid. 45; Summa inarS niri kakcku akimma qz-tu-un niri ittulibid. 7, cf. ibid. 28 (OB), also, wr. SIG ni-raIGI Boissier DA 46 r. 2, and passim in SB ext.,wr. SIG AL.TE (between reS AL.TE andqabal AL.TE) CT 28 47 83-1-18,448:6 and 10,cf. KAR 434 obv.(!) 18.

3' of other parts: ina qu-tu-un nap=lastim (preceded by re naplastim) YOS 1017:75; Summa qerbi ina qu-ut-ni-Su-nudakSu if the intestines are severed in theirthin part (parallel: ina abunnati'unu) RA65 71:9, cf. qi-tu-un qerbz ibid. 74:72 ff., qi-tu-un girginne qerb (parallel: ina SAG,ina MURUB 4 girginne qerbi) ibid. 79 (bothOB); qi-tu-un 6ulmi (in broken context)CT 30 33 K.4081+ r. 5 (SB).

qutrinub) of the tail: [umma zibbatum] qi-

tu-un-4a tarik if the thin part of the tailis dark (parallel kubura) YOS 10 47:43(OB behavior of sacrificial lamb); itu iJid zib=bati adi SIG zibbati (in broken context)KAR 434:2 (SB).

c) of the false rib: Summa zi qu-tu-un-a tarik if the thin part of the falserib is long (between libbaa and qabldla)YOS 10 45:2 (OB); umma SIG sikkat geli9a imitti kunnusat CT 31 25 82-5-22,500 r. 15,also (the left) ibid. 16 (SB).

d) of oil poured into water: ummai.GI§ kima akuttim qu-tu-un-§u ana zs[tSami] kuburu ana ereb ami ittagka[n] ifthe oil is like a wedge (?) (and) its thinend is directed toward the east, its thickend toward the west BM 87635:13', also(with reverse directions) ibid. 18' (OB oil omen,courtesy A. Sachs).

Ad mng. 2a: Biggs, RA 63 161ff.

qutratu s.; (a plant); SB; cf. qutru B.fj KI.dIM.NIM = qut-[ra-tu] Hh. XVII 125; J KI.

dIM, ( I.Bf = qut-r[a-t] Practical VocabularyAssur 101 f.

fr I.Bf : ft qut-ra-tu[m] Uruanna III 263; fj KI.diM : qut-r[a-tum] KocherPflanzenkunde32aiv 16;ft tim-bu-ut GAN (var. A.9A) 5G07, t I.BI, t KI.dM : ft qut-ra-ti Uruanna II 183ff.; tf qut-ra-tum :ti gd-mi SAL sal-pu-ti CT 14 36 K.4187:2 + ibid.79-7-8,22 r. 4.

a) the plant: f( qut-ra-tum (in pharm.inv.) Kocher Pflanzenkunde 36 i 30; t qut-ra-td (among other materia medica) KocherBAM 3 ii 40, also AMT 55,4:10.

b) the seeds: NUMUN f qut-ra-te AMT39,1 i 3, 5,5:11, wr. t qut-ra-ti Kuchler Beitr.pl. 14 i 4.

qutrinnu see qutrinu.

qutrinu (qutrinnu, qatrnu) s.; 1. censer,2. incense; OB, MB, SB; qatrnu Lam-bert BWL 160 r. 7, pi. qutrinni, OB qutrindtu(BIN 7 41:9, Boyer Contribution 104:4); wr.syll. and NA.NE (NA UCP 9 373 passim);cf. qatdru v.

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qutrinunig.na.ri.g[a.i]gi.bar.ra = ba-ru-i Id qut-

rin-ni Lu II iii 22; du DU 8 = ge-lu-u 6d qut-rin-nuA VIII/1:145; ma'aSAR = MIN (- .e-lu-u) Sd qut-rin-ni Nabnitu B 139.

dingir.gal.gal.e.ne na.NE ir.si.im i.gub.b 6 : ill rabti i inu qut-rin-nu the great gods smellthe incense 4R 19 No. 2:57f.; ka nu tuh.u.dana.NE nu.ur 5 : ina la pt pi qut-ri-in-ni ul iin(this crescent) cannot smell incense without the"opening of the mouth" ceremony PBS 12/1 6:2,restored from 4R 25 iii 64f.; na.NE hur.sag.ga.ta tim. a : qut-ri-in-nu a ultu Aadi ibbabla theincense that was brought from the mountains CT16 37:39f.; na.NE bf.in.si.si : e-e-ni qut-rin-na incense is heaped up 4R 20 No. 1:26f.; nig.n[a] mu.un.dadag.ga i.bi.e.ne.ne : fqutl-rin-nu el-lim muhra Or. NS 47 433:19 f.

i.bi nig.na zag giA.na.da.na [...] : qut-ri-in-na nignakka i[ddt erliSu ... ] [you set up] in-cense (and) a censer by his bed CT 16 35:18f.,see AAA 22 84.

zi-i-bu = qut-rin-nu, qut-rin-nu, hi-lil-t = GIg.§IM.ME (var. ri-qu-u) LTBA 2 1 vi 22f., dupl.2:358f., also ibid 14:6f., and dupl. CT 18 21 Rm.354:8f.

na.NE = qut-rin-nu Hunger Uruk 72:22 (comm.to behavior of sacrificial lamb).

1. censer: [$u]mma qu-ut-ri-nam ta:kunma qemam ina geriu tattaqi if you putin place a censer (or: the incense) andpour flour on it PBS 1/2 99 i 1 (OB incenseomens), cf. 6umma qu-ut-ri-nam alkunmamuhhau sap[ih] ibil. ii 9; Summa qi-ut-ri-nu-um aldkAu alim if the burning ofthe censer is black ibid. i 16, and passimin this text, see Biggs, RA 63 73f., with sub-script [x q]d-ut-ri-nu-um ibid. iv 9; gama§aS[ak]kan ana pi-i qu-ut-ri-nim a [ma-ah]-ri-i-ka erenam ellam li-Si-ib qz-ut-ri-nu liqriam ili rabitim 0 §amag, I putin the opening of the censer that is be-fore you pure cedar (resin or shavings),let the incense burn high(?, lipu ex-pected), let it summon the great godsJCS 22 26:14f. (OB ext. prayer); ina AE.NUMUN

u hir-qa-ti qut-ri-nam uaqtir (see qatdrumng. 7) JAOS 88 193:24 (MB votive); [anamahar] amal qut-rin-na i4kun ilkunsur[qina ana m]ahar Samal idilu iSi(Ninsun went up on the roof) and placeda censer before §ama§, she placed thescatter offering and raised her hands to

qutrinu

8ama§ (in prayer) Gilg. III ii 8, cf. ukabbitqut-frinl-nam-ma she extinguished thecenser ibid. iv 15; NA.NE burdai ana itariuNA.NE amaammt ana Ium NA.NE ZID.KUM ana DN GAR-an Ebeling KMI 55:12(coll. F. W. Geers); imiam . . . NA.NE §E.GIS. ana Ium [u Hendursagga] i4akkanma[iballut] daily he should place a censerwith linseed(?) before DN and DN2 and hewill get well (parallel: umilam uqtattarline 15, see qatdru mng. 5) CT 37 46:12;higib §adi tanaqqima ana qu-ut-ri-ni higibgadi te-Qi-i-in you offer (a sheep and)"the product of the mountain," you heapthe "product of the mountain" on thecenser Labat Suse 11 iii 13, cf. ibid. 19, alsoenza warqa u zer midirti tanaqqi ana qi-ut-ri-ni zer midirti teemma ibid. 16, note:7 qu-ut-ri-<ni> SAR-ma ibid. 22; nummuraqut-rin-ni (in broken context) CraigABRT2 17 r. 10, also ina qut-rin-ni ni-qi uzu.UDU ibid. r. 16 (copy: 14).

2. incense - a) for divination: §ummaNA ina sardqika 6umelu illak imittalu laillak if, when you scatter the incense,its left side burns but its right does notUCP 9 p. 373:7, and passim in this text, cf.,abbr. qi Or. NS 32 382ff. passim (both OB),wr. qi NA DA (or qu ina UD.DA) CT 3936:80 and (subject omitted) ibid. 81-92, parallelRA 61 36:25ff. (both SB); see also PBS 1/2 99,cited mng. 1.

b) incense offering: nddin qut-ri-in-niana ilz rabUti (§ama§) who provides thegreat gods with incense offerings KAR55: 10, see Ebeling Handerhebung 54, cf. (Naba)muqattiru qut-rin-ni STT 71:5, see alsoqatdru mng. 3b-1'; ana ili §a panikaukallamanni ina qu-ut-ri-na-ftim1 qdtdjapullua I would lavishly provide incenseofferings to the god who would let me seeyou BIN 7 41:9 (OB let.); Enlil ithia anaqd-ut-ri-ni has Enlil come to (enjoy) theincense offering? Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis98 III v 41; qut-rin-na(var. -ni) tdbtimaharunu uali I burned fragrant in-cense before them (the gods) Lambert

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qutrinuBWL 60:92 (Ludlul IV); imiamma ilka kitrabniq qibitpi simat qut-rin-ni worship yourgod every day with offerings, prayers,(and) the proper (accompaniment of) in-cense offering Lambert BWL 104:136; as8ruqka qut-rin-nu(var. -na) iriu aba Iscattered incense (of) a sweet fragrancefor you BMS 2:28 and dupls., see Ebeling Hand-erhebung 26, also BMS 30:4 and dupls., see MayerGebetsbeschworungen p. 458:9; napark qui-ut-ri-nu the incense offerings had ceasedRA 22 57 ii 7 (Nbn.); liSakin nin-<da>-bu-Si-na qut-ri-ni-6i-na lu sa-d[a-ru] let thefood offering for them (the temples) beestablished, let their incense offerings beregular Ebeling Parfiimrez. pl. 49:18; sudduruguqqand qut-ri-ni nignakk the guqqanofferings (and) the incense (for?) thecenser are set out Craig ABRT 1 30:28 (SBacrostic hymn); mu-kil zi-bi qut-rin-niMayer Gebetsbeschworungen 476:45; sirququt-re-nu ukinaMunuti I establishedscatter offerings and incense offeringsfor them Iraq 14 34:75 (Asn.); isqa nin=dabe qut-rin-ni ana ildni 6unti ukinddri he (the governor of Diir-Bel-Harran-bel-uur) established for these godsincome, food offerings, and incense of-ferings forever Unger Bel-Harran-beli-ussur16; gumah. bitruti ... itti niq Sagikarebbuti zzbz elliti qut-rin-ni gurruhi tamqtila narbdti maharfun aqqi I offered beforethem (the gods) choice bulls (fat sheep,various birds and fishes, wine, andhoney), together with pure animal sacri-fices offered voluntarily, pure food of-ferings, abundant incense offering (and)unsurpassed (?) libations Winckler Sar. pl.36 No. 77:172, cf. pl. 24 No. 51:434 (= Lie Sar.p. 80:11); geli qut-rin-nu ere za'i tdbi kgmaimbari kabti pan Same rapuite sahip theburning of incense, a fragrance of sweetresin, covered the wide heavens likeheavy fog Borger Esarh. 5 vii 4, also ibid. 92§ 61:16 (= KAR 360); [ina bal] ika ... [ilurabitu Sa Same u ereti ul iqinu qut-rin-nu without you (§ama§) the great godsof heaven and earth do not smell the

qutrinuincense offerings RA 65 162:3 (SB inc.),also LKA 155:9, cf. (at your, the sun's,rising the gods) [i4]qinnu qut-rin-nuimahharu nindab elluti KAR 105:11 anddupl. 361:11; for other refs. see e.enumngs. Ib and 3a.

c) as fumigant: qut-rin-na ina nignakkitanaddima ina muhhi Sappi tuAba['] ikribqut-rin-na ina nignakki nadima ina muhhiSappi Jubu'i tadabbu[b] you scatter in-cense on a censer and move it past theSappu bowl while you recite the prayer(to be said when) scattering incense on thecenser and moving it past the appu bowlBBR No. 75-78 K.2363+2787:43f., restored fromjoin K.8166; [.. .] qut-rin-na akarrab inaput UDU.NITA 6urb BBR No. 100:28, cf. ibid.95:27; ( qusimtu fj a-nu-nu-ti ina qut-ri-ni tuqattarSu you fumigate him withaqujimtu and anunutu plants Kuchler Beitr.pl.. 19 iv 32, also, wr. qut-rin-ni pl. 18 iii 17(coll. F. W. Geers); for ina NE tuqattar(Su),possibly to be read ina qutrinni, see qatdrumng. 3c.

d) other occs.: 20 MA.NA GI§.ERIN1 (BAN) 1.SAG 1 (BAN) L.GIA.ERIN ana qi-ut-ri-na-tim Boyer Contribution 104:4 (OB);la mald qdt-ri-ni (in obscure context)Lambert BWL 160 r. 7.

In the incense omens UCP 9 373 f. thefirst eight omens (lines 1-16) deal withthe behavior of the incense itself, whilethe later omens deal with the configura-tion of the smoke; the log. NA (possiblyabbreviated from NA.NE) is used through-out. In the similar incense omens PBS1/2 99, the syll. spelling qutrinnum is usedthroughout.

In AMT 74 ii 35, KU qut ri ni ina muhhi lubdretaeakkan you place .... on the rags, the inter-pretation of the first four signs is uncertain.

qutrinu in Sa qutrini s.; censer; RS,Nuzi; cf. qatdru v.

4 Ja qi-ut-r[i-ni] siparri KI.LA-Su-nu1 li-im 2 me-at four bronze censers

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qutru Aweighing twelve hundred (shekels) MRS 6185 RS 16.146+ :31; 1 8a qu-ut-ri-ni siparriHSS 14 247:70 (= RA 36 132).

qutru A (quturu) s.; 1. smoke, fume,2. fog, 3. (unkn. mng.); from OA, OBon, Akkadogram in Hitt.; wr. syll. (quturuLKA 62 r. 5) and NE; cf. qatdru v.

ib-bi-i NE = qi-ut-ru-u[m] Proto-Izi I Bil. Sec-tion A 10; izi = i-4d-tu, [i].bi = qut-ru Igituh I435f.; i.biNE = qu-ut-ru, i.bi.dug 4 .ga.m = MINma-hi-if Izi V 15f.; [i].[bil.dug 4.ga = MIN(= ma-ha-au) §d qu-ut-ri Nabnitu XXI 30; [du-ug?] [KA] = MIN (= ma-ha-qu) d qut-r[i] AIII/2 :144.

sag.gig i.bf im.gub.ba.ginx(GIM) an.naha. ba. e ,(DU6+Du) . d : murug qaqqadi kmaqut-rimdniti nehti ana Tame litelld (see mdnitu) CT 1721 ii 88f., see Borger, AfO 18 116; i.bf.gin (var.i.bf.dugud.ginx) ma.an.dud..na : ki-ma qut-ri kab-ti [...]-ri'Lugale XI 5; en.na.bi.#6 mu.uir"r.bi i.bib' nu.dfi.du di xl [...] : a-di-in-nagu-u-ru-Sii qu-ut-ru la i-mah-ha-r[u .. .] A II/2Comm. r. 10f.

1. smoke - a) of a conflagration (ipwarfare): mdt itarap u qu-ut-ra-amubta'ig he set fire to my land, makingit smell of smoke Balkan Letter 7:29 (OA);ina bitdtifunu nakldte girra ua.bitma qu-tur-u-nu uatbima pan gam& kima imbariui-a-aq-bit (probably error for ulaship oruzaktim) I set fire to their elaboratehouses and caused the smoke from themto rise and cover the heavens like mistTCL 3 261 (Sar.), cf. 115 dldni .. . kimaabri aqdma qu-tur-§u-un kima aamndtipan 8ame ugaktim ibid. 182 and 268, 34didni dannti .. . ina girri aqmu qu-turnaqmitiunu kima imbari kabti ugaktimOIP 2 40 iv 79 (Senn.); RN.. .. idtam ul ittadi[qi-u] t-ra anaDN u-i--ka-al-li-<im> RN2 ...ki iSdtam ittadi u qu-ut-ra ana DN2 u DNukallim Sargon did not set fire to GN,he did not let the Storm god see thesmoke (of the burning city), but Labarna,when he set GN afire, let the Sun god ofheaven and the Storm god see the smokeKBo 10 1 r. 22 f. (Hattusili bil.); qu-tu-ru mdtiJunu ~dbabunu i-rtel-di-il the smoke oftheir (burning) country . . . .-ed theirpeople LKA 62 r. 5, see Ebeling, Or. NS 18 35.

qutru Ab) of burning figurines (in magic):

ealmkunu aqallu ... qu-tur-ku-nu litelliame I set fire to the figurines repre-

senting you, may your smoke rise toheaven Maqlu I 141 (dupl. STT 78), also MaqluV 153, wr. qu-tur-ku-nu KAR 80 r. 23; kimatinuri qu-tur-g-nu Izrimu [game] let theirsmoke (that of the figurines of sorcererand sorceress, etc.) cover the sky as (doesthat from) an oven AfO 18 294:75; aq=mukunlgi ... alqut qu-tur-ku-nu ikkib8ame I herewith burn you (and) I (even)gather your smoke, (which is) an abomi-nation to the sky Maqlu V 80, cf. qut-ri(var. qu-tur) Girra lirima panlkunu maythe smoke of the Fire god cover yourfaces Maqlu III 170.

c) in med.: ana pan NE tanaddi SAR-iqut-ru ina piu u nahiriu irrub you throw(various aromatics) on the fire and causeit to fume (or: light it), the smoke willenter his mouth and his nostrils KocherBAM 3 i 38, parallel ibid. 497 ii 15, also Iraq 3129:16.

d) in comparisons: umma imu MfO.ME §-gZ zi-mu-i kima qut-riqu -ut-ri if the glowof the day is misty (lit. like smoke) ABL405:10 (NA let., quoting astrol. omens), see Par-pola LAS No. 64; gitti la tdbtu. .. kima qu-ut-ru immal §am& ultar[iq] he removedthe evil sleep (with which) heaven wasfilled as (with) smoke Lambert BWL52:12 (Ludlul IV); mdrat Anim kima qut-riana [biti] la inahhis like the smoke, thedaughter of Anu shall not return to [thehouse?] 4R 58 iii 26, dupls. PBS 1/2 113 iii 14(Lamaitu II); nenu DUMU.ME Hurri qadumimmini ki ql-ut-ri ana dam i nilli maywe Hurrians together with our propertyascend to heaven like smoke (if we breakthe treaty) KBo 1 3 r. 32, see BoSt 8 54:49;(disease) kima q~i-ut-ri-i[m] eli amdm[iS]JCS 9 11 C 8 (OB inc.), cf. kzma qut-ri etelliana am6 5a Anim AfO 23 40:15 and 41:33(SB inc.); lemuttakunu kima qut-ri ItelliSam£ may your evil rise to the sky likesmoke Maqlu V 169, cf. Or. NS 36 28 r. 13, 35

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qutru Br. 3', 273:12, Or. NS 39 135:15, 148:13, JAOS 5912:20 (all namburbis), STT 231 r.(!) 24, JNES 15136:98 (lipdur lit.), Or. NS 34 116:8, KAR 246r. 10 and dupl., KAR 267 r. 19, AAA 22 60 r. ii 57(all SB inc.).

e) other occs.: [DIg IZI].GAR . .. E.IR.ZI.BI // qu-tur-~i [.. .] if the light,variant: smoke, of a lamp is [. . .] CT 3936 K.10423+:3f., also 35 K.12077:58f., cf. [. ..q]u-tur-Su .alim Sm. 1644:8 (SB Alu); am=meni ina bitiki iqattur qut-ru why doessmoke rise from your house? Maqlu VI 46,for other refs. see qatdru mng. 3a; [u]lqut-ra-ki innesen ul ildtaki ikahun (fever)is your smoke not sniffed, does your flamenot get hot? AfO 23 40:8 (inc. against fever);kima piqan sabiti qu-tur-9d libli may her(the witch's) smoke dissipate as (does thisburning) gazelle dung Maqlu V 50; QC-UT-RU (as Akkadogram in Hitt.) Kimmel,StBoT 3 8:16 var. C, see ibid. p. 23 ff.

2. fog: gumma ina ITI.ZIZ mui kajd:mdnutu ina libbiunu qut-r[u .. .] iri6 qut-ri kimadfD.LI.RU.G [.. .] ifinthemonthof Sabadu the water is normal (but) fog[rises] from it and the smell of the fogis like that of the river of the ordealCT 39 16:51, cf. ibid. 52.

3. (unkn. mng.): muhaSu takdr qut-ra.a rei utuni(?) ana muhhi ta-zir-rr you rubhis skull, you .... over it q. from the toppart of the oven(?) RA 53 8:40; [...]taarrap qut-ra Sd ID TI you burn [.. .],you take(?) the q. of the . . .. AMT 92,8:4.

qutru B s.; (a lant); Bogh., SB; wr.syll. and (U.)KI. IM; cf. qutratu.

O.KI.dIM = q[u-ut-ru], (.KI.dIM NIM = qut-[ra-tu],tf numun.KI.dIM = NUMUN [qu-ut-ri] Hh. XVII124ff.; qu-ut-ra (I.KI.dM = qu-ut-ru Diri IV 9.

a) the plant: .KI.dM : A.DAR: rihiAdad ina mdti ibali Kocher BAM 1 iii 43;tJ qut-ri AMT 25,4:6, (x.KI.dIM KUB 371:25, see AfO 16 48, also CT 23 41:14, KocherBAM 216:23, 253:25, and passim, note I SILAj.KI.dIM Kiichler Beitr. pi. 13 iv 38; O.KI.

quttunu

dIM J.EBUR.SAR (associated with thezodiacal sign Cancer) TCL 6 12 r. xi, seeWeidner Gestirn-Darstellungen p. 31.

b) the seeds: NUMUN qut-ri (amongmateria medica) RA 69 44 r.(!) i 38, AMT2,7:5, 22,2 r. 11, 61,2 ii 6, 68,2:2, 72,2: 15,82,1: 11,Kocher BAM 3 ii 30, LKU 62:14, wr. NUMUN aqd-ut-ri CT 23 45 i 20, NUMUN f.KI.dIMKuchler Beitr. pl. 9 ii 49, 12 iv 12 and 25, KocherBAM 32:2, 237 iv 20, AMT 16,1:5, and passimin med., NUMUN KI.dIM KUB 4 62:5, JNUMUN KI.d[IM] Kocher BAM 1 ii 7.

c) the leaves: PA (f qut-ri AMT 69,3:9 +26,5:5, PA f.KI.dIM Kiichler Beitr. pl. 10 iii 14.

quttadirtu s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*[ui] [u 5] = qu-ut-ta-dir-t[u] A II/6 iii Source B 7'.

qutti adj.; finished, painted; Bogh., SB;cf. qatii v.

My mother is an alabaster statuette dim.ma.zi.til.la (var. dim.ma.ti.la) hi.1i Su.gir guir.ru.a : [m]akit ginni qu-ut-ti-tc [S]Ja ula maldt apainted (?) ivory doll that is full of delight Ugaritica5 169:28 (from Bogh.), Sum. restoration and var.from JNES 23 2:31.

Ea painted the chair white, blue, andyellow (see mihirtu A mng. 4a-3) ep6itiqu-ut-ta-ti (var. qut-ta-a-tum) GI.GU.[ZA] kalam[u] the finished jobs - theentire chair STT 28 ii 35 (Nergal and Eregkigal),see Gurney, AnSt 10 112, var. from Hunger Uruk1 ii 10; guh14 la qu-ut-ta-a tukdn you setup an unpainted(?) altar Or. NS 40 140: 10(namburbi).

quttunu (qattunu) adj.; very thin; OB,MB, SB; cf. qatdnu.

lI.al.sig.sig = qit-tu-nu-u (followed by qatnu,q.v.) OB Lu A 85.

a) as personal name: Qi-tu-ni UET 5519:9, 661:1 and 20; Q-tu-nu-um VAS 8119:5 (= 120:6); Qz-ut-tu-nu VAS 7 183i 10and passim, 186 ii 20, 187 ii 14, YOS 12 322:1,Qi-ut-tu-ni TCL 1 170:5, 16 (all OB), Qu-ut-tu-nu UET 7 25 r. 19 (MB).

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qutturub) other occ.: lubdre qa-tu-nu-ti (As-

syrianism) thin rags (for rubbing) AMT25,6 ii 7.

qutturu adj.; smoke-blackened, smoky;OB, SB; cf. qatdru v.

ge.NE.si, Ae.dug 4.ga = [izi ... ] = qu-tu-ruEmesal Voc. III 102f. + CT 19 35 K.13690: 1ff.

[. . .] bdbu qut-tu-ru sipplu [torn out]is the gateway, smoke-blackened are itsjambs MIO 12 54 r. 18 (OB lit.); 4ummanuru MIN qu-ut-tur if a lamp ditto (= ina man's house) is smoky CT 39 35:36 (SBAlu); [. .. lu q]ut-tu-rat.. . inammir K[I.NE-§u(?)] [. .. lu i]g(?)-tap-pu. . . uktap=paru [...] be the [...] ever so smoky,[his?] brazier will burn brightly, be the[.. .] always covered in smoke, [its ... ]will become clean(?) RA 68 150:9.

The Emesal Voc. ref. may belong toqataru as II inf.

qutd (gutH, fem. qutitu, gutitu) adj.;Gutian, of Gutian make or style; OB, SB.

gi gal. u.an.na = qu-tu-u (in group withamurrd and urt() Antagal G 184, but giAgal.Aug-ga'n.na ki = OU.TI.UM.KI 2R 50 obv.(!)ii 10, in MSL 11 55; sig.gu.ti.umki = gv-tumHh. XIX 85; eme.gu.ti.um = gu-ti-t[um] SagBil. B 245; gil.mar.gid.da.gd.du 8ki= qu-u-ti-tu(var. gU-tum) Hh. V 79; [giA.MA....] k i = qu-ti-tuHh. III 30d.

a) as designation of persons - 1' ingen.: §a PN LtJ Gu-tu-Z u PN2 PA.MAR.TUuterruni4un ti (several men) whom PNthe Gutian and PN2 the PA.MAR.TU havecaptured RA 55 69 No. 13:5', cf. ummamiL(J Qi-tu-i-ma (referring to mar ipria Qi-ti-i line 4) Laessoe Shemshara Tablets

32 SH 920:8; for other refs. and literature see Hallo,RLA 3 716f.

2' as invective: usappih nie madt Mannaja Qu-tu-u(var. -i) la sanqu I routedthe people of Mannea, disobedient bar-barians Borger Esarh. 52 iii 59, cf. musappihni4S Mannaja Gu-tu-i la sanqu ibid. 34:30;uncert.: [. . .] qu-ti-i uelkin [. . .] uSekniS

gim[ra] MAOG 12/2 p. 6 "i" 13 (Tn.-Epic);mdrat Nippuri tabku ana qu-ti-i gamdri§d-me-ri PSBA 23 pl. after p. 192:13, cf.Derdnitu <tabku> ana qu-ti-i gamdri ibid.15 (SB lament.), cf. (in broken context) inaDeri ... Manzdt x x zu qu-te-e [...]JNES 33 227:40 (SB hymn).

b) qualifying products and artifacts:see (figs, wool, wagon) lex. section; [N]A 4zib-t Gu-ti-ti a Gutian zibtu stone (usedas a charm) AMT 3,2:17.

Note that in Hh. V 79 quttu translatesgu. du ki, i.e., "from Cutha."

quturtu s.; smoke; Mari*; cf. qatdruv.assurri qu-tu-ur-tum S~ la innahhazma

la it&t u ana hala GN la imarraq underno circumstances may this smoke flareinto flame (probably quoting a proverb),not even an isolated one, and becomedangerous for the district of Mari ARM4 88:14.

quturu see qutru A.

qu' f s.; vomit; lex.*gu (var. gu) = qu-u (var. qu--um), [a].ha.

an = nu-u-u, gui.a.ha.an = ga-'-u ErimhuI IV56f.

See gd'u v. discussion section.

qu' f (*quwwi, *qummi) v.; 1. to wait,2. to trust in someone, to entrust some-one with, (with reAu) to wait on, be in theservice of, 3. rea qu'C to take care of,to be available, in readiness, to call toaccount; from OAkk. on; II uqa'i-uqa'a (EA, NB, SB also wr. u-qa-ma, inpersonal names also wr. u-qd/qa), pl.uqa' (wr. u-qa-wu-ka Kraus AbB 1 36:9),imp. (Ass.) qa'i.

gu-ubGVB = qu-'-u Lu Excerpt II 69.Aud(KAXSU).de gir gub.bu.db.en kir 4 §u

[. . . ma. al] : ikribi i-qa-a-ka appa a[lbinakka]standing in attendance before you with prayer,I humble myself before you BA 10/1 94 No. 16: 12f.;dNin.urta .zag.e kur.ra gir mu.e.ti.ni.

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qu' fgub.gub (later recension: mu.e.9i.ib.gub) :[dMIN asakku ina 6ad]f -qa-a-ka 0 Ninurta, theasakku lies in wait for you in the mountains LugaleIV 4; [za.e] a.ba.a [bi].gub.b6.en : attaman:nam tu-qd-a (DN gave you lordship) whom do youtrust (or: serve)? LIH 60 i 5, also i 10, 15, andpassim in this text; di.da.zu i.gub.b6.es : u-qi(!)-IA-i de-en-ka KAR 128:12 (bil. prayer ofTn.).

tu-qa-a-' 5R 45 K.253 vii 39 (gramm.).

1. to wait - a) for a person (withace.): adi tuwdr PN sikki ukallu PN u-qd-athey are holding me until the return ofPN, I am waiting for PN Kienast ATHE 60:6;PN i-GN u-qd-a adi 5 ume imaqqutam I amwaiting for PN in Purughattum, he willarrive here in five days ICK 1 183:11;arhiJ atalkam .. . kudti u-qd-a-kd comequickly, I am waiting for you KienastATHE42:20, cf. lu-qd-i-kd (in broken context)CCT 4 39a r. 18; PN imakkal la ibiad... PNu-qd-a PN must not stay over one night,I am waiting for PN CCT 4 28a:23, cf.wardum u PN la ibiddu turdaniMunu untiu-qd-a CCT 4 6d: 11, PN u PN2 turdam iunitiu-qa-a TCL 19 53:39, turdaMu iudti -qd-a-§u BIN 4 20:17, cf. also TCL 20 108:11;harrdni, uniti u-qd-a I am about to leave,I am waiting for them CCT 3 38:16 (allOA); ina GN u-qd-a-ka he is waiting foryou in Larsa VAS 16 137:10, also TCL 7 74:15;awili kdtama v-qa-wu-ka the(se) gentle-men wait (just) for you Kraus AbB 1 36:9;ana [GUD.H.A] u UDU.HI.A [m]ahdrimlid4mma i-qd-a-u let him come toreceive the oxen and the sheep, I willwait for him UET 5 19:17; atta ta-am-qi-ta-am la tu-qd-a you have arrived, youmust not wait ABIM 20:67; uncert.: man=nam tu-KA-a-ma Walters Water for Larsa 49:5(all OB letters); ilten ime ina GN lu tu-qe-i-an-ni you would have had to wait inGN (only) one day for me AfO 10 2:2, ef.ibid. 6 (MB let.); mar liprija la tu-qd-a donot wait for my messengers CT 43 94:26(MB let.); ina GN qa-ia-ni wait for me inGN JCS 7 135 No. 63:20 (MA let.); sinniltumussa tu-i-qa-a ana mute la tuMab thewife shall wait for her husband (who

qu'fldisappeared in war) and not remarryKAV 1 iv 95, cf. 5 MU.ME§ mussa tu-qa-'-aibid. 98, aSlassu tu-qa-a-6u ibid. v 7 (Ass.Code § 36); the (statues of the) gods wereplaced on the river bank and u-qa-'-u,ar ildni waited for the (arrival of the)king of the gods (i.e., the statue of Mar-duk) Streck Asb. 266 iii 13; id dBel larruu-qa-a-a(for -ka) ii dBeletni Sarru -qa-a-ki leave, Bel, the king is waiting for you,leave, our Lady, the king is waiting foryou Pallis Akitu pl. viii 5f., see Zimmern Neu-jahrsfest 141.

b) for troops, etc.: itu UD.5.KAM inahadannim Han -qa-a u edbum ul ipahhu=ram for five days I have been waitingfor the Haneans at the appointed placebut the men do not assemble ARM 2 48:6;urra u muia u-qa-mu qdbepitdt 6arri dayand night I wait for the king's archers EA136:38 (let. of Rib-Addi); ina tagmirti libbiSa epeS arditi ina GN birtifu i-qa-'a girriwith his heart fully disposed to performvassal duties he waited for my expedi-tion in his fortress in GN TCL 3 52 (Sar.);arkd ul u-qa-'i Iraq 25 56:43 (Shalm. III),for refs. wr. ul i-qi, la uq-qi see waq.

c) for deliveries, records, instructions:qubdt u -qd-i-u they were expecting thegarments KT Hahn 3:9, cf. erdb qubdtAula ti-qd-a TCL 19 20:40, adi erdb kaspimla ti-qd-i-a OLZ 1970 357:16; t&rtaka -qd-a t&rtaka lillikam I wait for your in-structions, let your decision reach meCCT 5 3b: 17, cf. tertakunu u-qd-a I 753:22,cited Matout, ArOr 42 172; note te-er-ta(text-tdm)-kd a Wah4ulana -qd-i HeckerGiessen 41:19 (all OA); tenm belini nu-qd-awe are waiting for the decision of our lordABIM 26 r. 38 (OB let.); [a]ndiku uppi belijamai-qa-a I am waiting for a message frommy lord ARM 6 30:24; PN (and) PN, Saina mahrija akl2 i-qa-'u pan likin temijawhom I detained in my presence andwho awaited my decision Piepkorn Asb.74 vi 61.

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d) for a point in time: rimkam uessesam -qa-a u qdbum pahirma reamu[k] l I am waiting for the lustrationand the ekdelu festival, and the army isassembled and in readiness ARM 1 10 r. 11';nereb kili a ittatfalu i-qa-a-a r£i ulmi he(Anzf) waited for daybreak at the en-trance to the sanctuary over which hekept a watch CT 15 39 ii 17 (SB Epic of Zu);kma riksu annUti rak[su] nipih ~amaSu-qa-a-a as soon as these offering ap-purtenances are set up, he waits untilsunrise BBR No. 26 iv 34, cf. adi tappuhat-qa-a-ka belZ amal Maqlu VIII 1; ananirika namru ba'uldt ni e u-qa-ka allmankind awaits you (§ama§), for yourbright light LKA 49:9, see Ebeling Handerhe-bung 50; u-qd-a-am faMli aSi qdti usappdSaSMi I waited for the sun (to rise), (then) Ilifted my hand(s) to pray to the sun VAB4 100 No. 12 ii 11 (Nbk.); nannaram dSin i-qa-a-a-u they wait for the luminary SinKAR 19 obv.(!) 10, see Or. NS 23 210; nakru... adanni iii -qa-a-a (see adannumng. la) CT 20 7 K.5151:2 (SB ext.), dupl. ibid.49:2; aklum riksa la tu-qa-i-u-ni u tan=nahizuni because she had not waited out(the period of) the contract but was takenin marriage (by another man) KAV 1 v 12(Ass. Code § 36).

e) other occs. - 1' with direct object:KAS.x u-qd-e he waited for the battlePBS 5 36 iv 16 (Naram-Sin); harrdnam [ana]GN uluram i-qd-a I wait for the releaseof (my) caravan to (proceed to) GN TCL14 26 r. 9; ul annakamma ITI.1.KAM itenqd-i-e-ma laddinakkum or wait one monthright here and then I will give you (thedebt note) ICK 1 184:20, cf. 5 ime qd-i-ma40 MA.NA kaspam ld-ak-nu-fkd-kuml BIN4 43:24; iime mddutim ti-qd-i-ni-a-ti-ma u 20 ume tattahdar you used to waitfor our (payment) on long-term (loans),but now you have become impatient over(just) twenty days ICK 1 65:12 (all OA);ana aji umi tana ar Sa mit[hu i . . .] u4-qa-iu-u kakkuka uma ajd [. . .] how

qu'fA

long will you be careful about fighting?how long will your attack wait? Tn.-Epic"iii" 16; kima alai Samli i tu Sam& kinannatu-qa-u-na ardi aqdi awdte i tu UZU.KA //pi beliunu like the rise of the sun fromheaven, so the servants await (eagerly)the rise of the words from the mouth oftheir lord. EA 195:20; idakkuku burunimau-qa-a-a-u [. .. ] our calves gambol andawait [.. .] Lambert BWL 178:34 (SB lit.);note with the connotation "to lie in wait":kalbum galmum ittillim rabisg -qd-a ella=tam paristam a black dog lies on the hillwaiting for the cut-off caravan HirschUntersuchungen 82 ad p. 71:5 (OA inc.); inameteqi nakru ummani -qa-a-am theenemy will lie in wait for my army enroute CT 20 49:24 (SB ext.).

2' with ana or indirect object: URUDUlammunum ibaMi ana sIG 5 i-qd-a (only)copper of a bad quality is available (and)I am waiting for good quality JankowskaKTK 21:22; a-ia-am umam ti-qd-a howlong will you wait? BIN 4 18:12, cf. an:niam imam ana tuppim tz-qd-a ibid. 21(both OA); [ana(?) Sar]ri EN-i-ni i-qa-a-'(in broken context) KAV 217:16 (MA).

3' without object - a' alone: 5 anatula u-qd-a I do not want to wait fiveyears (referring to terms of a loan) BIN4 32:14; qerbi qa-'-i wait inside KAR1:22 (Descent of Iitar); note with adverbialaccusative: bel mar Nippuri [i-qa-al-abdbka my lord, a citizen of Nippur iswaiting at your door STT 38:28 (Poor Manof Nippur), see AnSt 6 150; ana x ber qaqqarlihitunimma ina(?) x x la AN li-qa-mu-nulet (the troops) make a raid over x doublemiles and wait in(?) GN(?) BSOAS 30495 ii 19 (NB lit.).

b' in hendiadys: ikribi la tc-qd-i-aekmalina (the god answered) Take thevotive offerings away from them (the sickgirls) without delay KTS 25a:10 (OA).

2. to trust in someone, to entrust some-one with, (with riSu) to wait on, be in the

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service of - a) as man's attitude towardthe god - 1' in gen.: see LIH 60, inlex. section; a ulhd u miqti ezhu i-qa-a-i kd[Sa] he who is surrounded (lit.girt) with .... and miqtu disease trustsin you PSBA 17 138:3 (SB lit.); in personalnames: U-qa-Adad Birot Tablettes 24:6, U-qd-dUTU ibid. 72 v 16, YOS 14 24:10, U-qa-DINGIR ibid. 1:3, and passim, DINGIR-lam-

-qd-a CT 6 37b:16 (all OB), Adad-u-qa-iKAJ 83:11 (MA), see Stamm Namengebung 195;U-qa-den-ili KAJ 119:18,310:29 (MA); U-qd-a-KA-Itar YOS 13 421:4, U-qd-KA-dEn-lilUET 5 522:13, U-qa-pi-Igtar VAS 9 172:2(all OB).

2' with reiu: puhru ili Sut am ergetiu-qa-mu-u ri-eg-gu palhi izzizzu theassembled gods of heaven and earthwait on him, stand there in fear PSBA20 156 r. 8, cf. (gama) ina migi i-qa-a-a reaka JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 3 r. 4; note(with confusion between qu'di and waq2):u-qi-' (var. uq-qu) regki (Iitar) BMS 8r. 8, var. from Loretz-Mayer Ru-ila No. 14:28, seeEbeling Handerhebung 62:27; [mdrn] ipri are-eg Anim v-ka-mu-[u] (the diseases)messengers who serve Anu Ugaritica 517:24; in personal names: U-qa-a-SAG-iliBE 15 92:11 (MB).

b) as the god's trust in a person - 1'in gen.: Marduk belzjdti u-qd-'-an-ni-mauteddulu mesi iii ugagkin qdtua Marduk,my lord, trusted in me and commissionedme with the renewal of the rituals of thegod(s) VAB 4 284 x 5; allum biti udtiepe u belu rabic Marduk u-qd-a-an-nibecause the great lord Marduk hadtrusted in me to rebuild this temple VAB4 264 i 28 (Nbn.), cf. epessu .ama ... i-qd-an-ni-ma RA 11 110 i 35, dupl. CT 36 22 i 36;ana jdti RN . . . Ebabbar ana ariu turrukima ga ume ullUtim ubat tub libbigu epeiuu-qa-a-ma-an-ni he (Bamat) entrustedme, Nabonidus, with restoring Ebabbarand rebuilding the abode of his delightas it had been in former days VAB 4 236ii 9, cf. SamaS belz ~zri ultu iim rquitu

qu'fljdli i-qa-ma-an-ni ibid. 254 i 27 (all Nbn.);jddi PN ... kipri dl.4i i-qa-a-a-an-ni-miuSadgil panija he charged me, PN, withthis work and entrusted (it) to me JAOS88 126 ib 14 (NB votive).

2' with reu: .ama. . . epei.BABBABBAR.RA u-qa-a re-e§-ka OECT 1 pl. 25 ii 14 (Nbn.).

3. reta qu'i to take care of, to beavailable, in readiness, to call to account- a) to take care of: x sheep ana PNnukaribbi re-a ana qa-'u-e paqdu areentrusted to the gardener PN for (him)to take care of AfO 10 35 No. 60:8, alsoKAJ 187:14, 264:7, cf. x immeri (<ana> PNana kiri re-a ana qa-u-e paqdu AfO 10 34No. 53:7, also No. 52:7, of. (sheep) KAJ 120:3;x alum ana PN Lt a-su-e ana i.ME§-nire-Sa ana qa-u-e tadin KAJ 223:11 (all MA).

b) to be available, in readiness: (themedication) SAG-ka i-qa-' AMT 49,6:6,dupl., wr. u-qa-a Kocher BAM 42:9, cf.SAG-ka i-qa-a-a ibid. 3 i 4 (= KAR 202),but z-kal in dupl. 480 i 4.

c) to call to account: a dkil karriqdbu lemutti ina ribbdti a Sama -qa-'-ures-su one who utters slander and speaksevil, they will call him to account for hisdebt to Samag Lambert BWL 104:130, cf. aana garri ina libbiu ikappudu lemutta Irraina Sipti Saggagti u-qa-'-a res-su him whoplots evil in his heart against the king,Irra will call to reckoning during deadlyplague LKA 31 r. 12 (Asb.), see AfO 13 213,but note ana arkdt ume DN ana lemuttiinaa re-su-un ana aggi libbi DN is-qa-a(var. omits -a)-'-u re-e-4u in days tocome Enlil will summon them to (meteout) evil, they can expect the anger ofEnlil AnSt 5 106:132 (Cuthean legend); [gaina pani;unu illaku] il-qa-a-i (var. i-qa-ui) res-su STT 215 r. v 53, restoration and var.from K.255+ r. vi 5 (courtesy I. L. Finkel).

In mng. 3, rea qu' has the samemeanings as reSa kullu, see kullu mng. 5f.

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qu'fl

The coexistence in the same contextsof such forms as u-qa-' and u-qi or uq-qiin NA historical and in literary texts showsthat the two verbs qu'2 and waqi, withsimilar ranges of meaning, were confusedwith each other. Refs. with pret. andoptative forms wr. u-qi, lu-qi or the likeand imperatives of the form qi-i, qi-ia-nim, etc., are derived from the verb waq~,q.v.

For StBoT 7 9 (ErimhuS Bogh. A i 20), mis-interpreted in Hitt. as "to wait," see kalv. lex. section. The OA refs. uk-ta-i-niKT Blanckertz 3:25, uk-td-i-Su TCL 21 263:11,u-kd-u-um umma uk-td-i-Au ibid. 20f.,u/u-kd-a-6u ICK 2 145:9, BIN 4 112:37, kd-i-ni i-kd-ku-nu TuM 1 19c:13 stand forukta'iniu(m), etc., see kdnu A mng. 4b-1 '.In ARM 10 4:6 BAR(or qa)-ki most prob-ably represents an adverb and not theverb form u-q.

In AOTU 1 117 (= 4R 61 i) 7, read a-a-'u (coll.S. Parpola). In TCL 20 115:6 read ni-ik-nu-kd-

*quzippu

kum, see Matoug, ArOr 42 172; in VAS 16 15:18collation shows 2-ga-la-lu, see Frankena, AbB 6 15,and see qaldlu discussion section.

*quwwl see qu'.

*quzippu (z/ippu or ?ippatu) s.; (a typeof thread); OAkk., Akk. lw. in Sum.;only (gu) z/ippdtu attested.

a) in lit.: gu zi.ip.pa.tum mu.un.na. sur.ru.ne they spin .. .-threadAlster Dumuzi's Dream 158.

b) in econ.: x ma.na gu zi.ba.tumr Reisner Telloh 121 xii 6; note qualifyinganother term for thread: x ma. na NfG.U+NU.A zi.ba.tum (beside NfG.U+NU.ASfG.tz) BIN 9 142:4, 143:1, and passim, also,wr. zi.ba.tum ibid. 197:6, zi.ba 194:1,etc.

Either the material or a quality of qi(Sum. gu) "thread." Possibly the sameword as gippatu.

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