Diagnostic Procedure for High Risk Childs

7/29/2019 Diagnostic Procedure for High Risk Childs

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Diagnostic Procedure for High

Risk Childs


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Screening tests are performed at a specific time inpregnancy to determine whether a woman is at anincreased risk of having a baby with certain birth

defects such as Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, orneural tube defects. Screening tests DO NOT providediagnoses. Screening tests can only determine ifthere is a chance of having an affected baby.


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A negative test means that your child is at decreasedrisk of being affected, and further tests are notneeded. A positive test means you are at increased

risk of having an affected child, but a diagnostic testmust be done to know for sure whether or not yourchild has one of these conditions. Although many

women with an abnormal screening test will have a

normal baby, only a diagnostic test can provideanswers.


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Technically-advanced equipment and facilities helpus diagnose your baby's risks for genetic, growth andstructural differences.

Some babies can be treated with medications orthrough surgery while still in your uterus.

Our prenatal evaluations, fetal monitoring andscreening tools are designed to answer your

questions and detect or rule out potential issues withyour babys development.


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Prenatal Screenings and Diagnostics Procedures

Amniocentesis

Cervical Length Assessment

Cell-Free Fetal DNA Screening

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) Fetal Blood Sampling

Fetal Echocardiogram

Microarray Analysis Screening


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Targeted Ultrasound

Doppler Study

Culdoscopy

Colposcopy Fetal echocardiography


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Amniocentesis

Typically performed from 15 weeks of pregnancy andbeyond, this prenatal diagnostic screening identifiesor rules out chromosome abnormalities such asDown syndrome, birth defects such as spina bifidaand genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis.Information is obtained by studying a small sampleof amniotic fluid drawn by needle from the amniotic

sac that surrounds the baby.


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Procedure

Before the start of the procedure, a local anestheticcan be given to the mother in order to relieve thepain felt during the insertion of the needle used to

withdraw the fluid. After the local is in effect, aneedle is usually inserted through the mother'sabdominal wall, then through the wall of the uterus,and finally into the amniotic sac. With the aid of

ultrasound-guidance, a physician punctures the sacin an area away from the fetus and extractsapproximately 20 ml of amniotic fluid.


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Cervical Length Assessment

This examination is performed using transvaginalultrasound, for women who have had a prior pretermdelivery that was not the result of a medicalcondition, those whove conceived by any type of

assisted reproductive technology, whove hadcervical procedures or surgeries including cerclage,or who are currently experiencing symptoms ofpreterm labor. This test may also be performed as a

follow-up to a regular abdominal ultrasound(typically between 18 and 24 weeks of pregnancy) toverify an incidental finding of a potentially shortcervix.


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Cell-Free Fetal DNA Screening

This screening can be performed as early as 11 weeksof pregnancy and is used to learn more about the

babys Rh blood factor type or potential forchromosomal abnormalities such as Downsyndrome. This non-invasive procedure includesdrawing a sample of the mothers blood forevaluation of the babys cell-free DNA (present in the

mothers blood). Ohio State was one of the testingsites for this new screening process.


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Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Typically performed between 10 and 12 weeks ofpregnancy, this prenatal diagnostic test identifies orrules out chromosome abnormalities such as Downsyndrome and certain genetic disorders such ascystic fibrosis. Performed by one of our highlyexperienced physicians, CVS is done by sampling asmall amount of tissue from the developing placenta

(called chorionic villi). The cells from this tissue aresent to a special laboratory to have physician-ordered tests performed.


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Fetal Blood Sampling

Also referred to as a cordocentesis, a small amountof the babys blood can be taken from the umbilicalcord for laboratory analysis. Our physicians haveperformed more than 800 of these tests. In additionto helping diagnose and monitor various conditions,specific treatments can also be administered to thefetus during the procedure.


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Fetal Echocardiogram

This special type of ultrasound is used to evaluatethe structure and function of the babys heart before

birth. Commonly done as a screening, it helps todetermine whether the fetus has a congenital heartdefect.


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Microarray Analysis Screening

This chromosome screening determine if a personhas extra (duplicated) or missing (deleted) genesthat may affect growth or development. It is ordered

by the physician because you, your child or someonein your family potentially has a genetic condition.This test uses a small blood sample to detect smallchanges in the chromosomes. The analysis takes

three to four weeks to complete.


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Targeted Ultrasound

Using state-of-the-art ultrasound technologies, ourcertified sonographers use this imaging technique toevaluate the babys size, position and development.The technology is also used as a component ofdiagnosing developmental abnormalities. Usingsound waves (no radiation), the equipment producespictures of the fetus.


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Doppler Study

This specialized type of ultrasound screeningmeasures the flow of blood through a variety of blood

vessels such as the umbilical cord or the brain. Theseare commonly done to help your OB/GYN offer the

best advice for your pregnancy when there areconcerning findings..


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Culdoscopy

Is an important gynecological diagnostic technique,is gaining wide acceptance. Culdoscopy is a type of

vaginal sterilization procedure.Its name is derivedfrom the posterior cul-de-sac, a space behind

the cervix where it is possible, under localanesthesia, to insert a small illuminated telescopethrough which one may inspect the pelvic organs,

without having to resort to a major abdominal

operation, as was formerly necessary. Conditionsdiagnosable by culdoscopy include tubal adhesions(causing sterility), ectopic pregnancy, salpingitis,and appendicitis.


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Fetal echocardiography

Is the name of the test used to diagnose cardiacconditions in the fetal stage. Cardiac defects areamongst the most common birth defects. Theirdiagnosis is important in the fetal stage as it mighthelp provide an opportunity to plan and manage the

baby as and when the baby is born. Not allpregnancies need to undergo fetal echo. Specific

maternal and fetal conditions would indicate theneed for this test.


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Colposcopy

Is a medical diagnostic procedure to examine an illuminated,magnified view of the cervix and the tissues ofthe vagina. Many premalignant lesions and malignant lesionsin these areas have discernible characteristics which can be

detected through the examination. It is done using acolposcope, which provides an enlarged view of the areas,allowing the colposcopist to visually distinguish normal fromabnormal appearing tissue and take directed biopsies forfurther pathological examination. The main goal of

colposcopy is to prevent cervical cancer by detectingprecancerous lesions early and treating them.


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A specialized colposcope equipped with a camera isused in examining and collecting evidence for

victims of rape and sexual assault.


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Procedure

Colposcopy is performed with the patient lying back,legs in stirrups, and buttocks at the lower edge of thetable (a position known as the dorsal lithotomyposition). A speculum is placed in the vagina afterthe vulva is examined for any suspicious lesions.

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Diagnostic Procedure for High Risk Childs