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Statistics
Affects 23.6 million people in the U.S.
- Diagnosed: 17.9 million people
- Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people
7th leading cause of death in the U.S
(2006)
What is Diabetes?
A chronic disease in which the body can not properly use or make insulin.
Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that turns sugar (glucose) into energy for the body to use
What happens without insulin?
Lack of insulin
Build up of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia)
Symptoms of Diabetes
Mellitus
Symptoms
Frequent urination Excessive thirst Extreme hunger
- Cells are starved for energy Unexplained weight loss
- Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat Fatigue Delayed wound healing
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Juvenile diabetes Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Autoimmune disorder The body destroys the cells that
make the insulin Thus, the body can no longer
produce insulin
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Usually diagnosed in children & young adults ( <30 years old)
5-10% of diabetics
Type I Treatment
Glucose monitoring often Insulin injections Exercise Diet Follow up with doctor Educate yourself!
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Body makes insulin but most cells do not use insulin properly
Insulin resistance Slowly, the pancreas stops making
insulin.
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
90-95 % of diabetics RISK factors
- Older age
- Family history
- Obesity
- Physical Inactivity
- Race and Ethnicity
Type II Risk Factors
Obesity & Inactivity
- Studies find a relationship between
weight/activity level and Type II
- Seeing an increase in Type II
diabetes in children
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Race & Ethnicity
- African Americans
- Hispanic/Latino Americans
- American Indians
- Asian Americans
- Pacific Islanders
Type II Prevention
If you have risk factors, prevent or delay the onset of Type II by…
- Healthy diet
- Moderately intense exercise
(walking 2 1/2 hours each week)
Type II Treatment
Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose)
- Glucose monitoring often
- Oral medicine / Insulin injections
- Diet
- Exercise / Weight management
- Follow up with doctor
- Educate yourself!
Diet - Carb Counting
Carbohydrates raise blood glucose levels
Count your carbs for each meal Limit depends on your activity level
and medications Talk to your doctor about
determining carbs per meal
Diet - Create your plate
Divide plate into 3 sections
- Large section - non-starch veggies
(spinach, cabbage, mushrooms)
- Small section - starch
(potatoes, whole grain breads)
- Small section - meat
(turkey, tuna, lean pork)
Diet - Individualized
No one diet is appropriate for every diabetic person
Work with your doctor to come up with a diet that is right for your situation
Complications of Diabetes
Heart disease Blindness Kidney damage Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage
Prevent complications by managing your glucose level, diet, and activity!
Diabetes Awareness
November is American Diabetes Month
November 14 is World Diabetes Day
For more information:
www.cdc.gov
www.diabetes.org
www.ndep.nih.gov