DiabetesEduca-onTeachingToolFlipchartandPa-entEduca-onHandouts

Informa-onadoptedfrom:AmericanDiabetesAssocia-on(ADA)h@ps://www.diabetes.orgKramesPa-entEduca-onHandouts

TableofContents

1.  UnderstandingDiabetesa.  UnderstandingPre-Diabetesb.  UnderstandingType1Diabetesc.  UnderstandingType2Diabetes

2.  HealthyEa-ng3.  PhysicalAc-vity4.  SelfMonitoringBloodGlucose5.  MonitoringHemoglobinA1cTes-ng6.  Medica-ons7.  UnderstandingHypoglycemia8.  UnderstandingHyperglycemia9.  NextStepstoSuccess

UnderstandingDiabetesWhatisdiabetes?•  Adiseasethataffectsthewayyourbodyturnssugarintoenergy.

Howdoesthebodyturnsugarintoenergy?•  Foodcontainscarbohydrates,proteins,andfats.•  Whenweeat,carbohydratesandsomeoftheproteinsturnintosugarorglucose.•  Glucoseenterstheblood→Insulincarriestheglucosetothebody’scells→Cells

turnglucoseintoenergy.Whathappenswhenyouhavediabetes?•  Yourbodyeitherdoesnotmakeenoughinsulinorisnotusinginsulinverywell.•  Glucosestaysinyourbloodinsteadofbeingusedbythecellsforfuel,so:

− Thebodydoesnothavefuelforenergytofunc-onproperly.− Extraglucoseinyourbloodcancausedamagetoyourbody.

PreDiabetes

Type1Diabetes

Type2Diabetes

WhattypeofdiabetesdoIhave?

UnderstandingPre-DiabetesWhatisPre-diabetes?

•  Acondi-onthathappensbeforeType2Diabetes•  Bloodglucoselevelsarehigherthannormal,butnotyethighenoughtobediagnosedasdiabetes

Whatarethedangers?

•  Pre-diabetesputsyouatahigherriskfordeveloping-  Type2diabetes-  Cardiovasculardisease

WhatcanIdo?

•  YoucanmakehealthylifestylechangestopostponeoravoidType2diabetesby:

-  Healthyea-ng-  Increasingdailyac-vity

Diabetes

Pre-diabetes

Normal

BloodGlucoseLevels

UnderstandingType1Diabetes

WhatisType1Diabetes?•  Pancreascannotmakeinsulintotransportglucoseintothecellsforenergy

Whatarethedangers?•  Bloodlevelsofglucose(digestedsugarandstarches)increases•  Glucosecannotenterthecellswithoutinsulin•  MusclesandbodyorganscannotgetglucoseforenergyHowisittreated?•  Insulinmedica-on•  Monitorbloodglucoselevels•  Healthyfoodchoicesandac-vity

Pancreascannotmake

insulin

Glucoseinthebloodincreases

Glucosecannotenterthecells

Cellscannotsupplyenergy

forbody

UnderstandingType2DiabetesWhatisType2Diabetes?•  Mostcommonformofdiabetes•  Bodydoesnotuseinsulinproperly-  Insulinresistance

Whatarethedangers?•  Bloodlevelsofglucose(digestedsugarandstarches)increases•  Highbloodglucoselevelsdamagethebodyover-me

Howisittreated?•  Monitorbloodglucoselevels•  Healthyfoodchoicesandac-vity•  Medica-on

Pancreasmakesinsulin

Insulinresistanceintheblood

Glucoseinthebloodincreases

Increasedbloodglucosedamagesbodyover-me

HealthyEa-ng:WhatCanIEat?

•  WhatcanIeat(ordrink)?-  Livingwithdiabetesdoesnothavetomeanfeelingdeprived.-  Wewillhelpyoulearntobalanceyourmealsandmakethehealthiestfoodchoices

withawidevarietyofdeliciousmealsandsnacks.•  Whatfoodshavethebiggestimpactonmybloodsugar?

•  Youwillmeetwitharegistereddie--anwhowillhelpyoudevelopapersonalizedmealplantoaddressallofyourhealthcareneeds.

•  HOMEWORK:Beforemee-ngwiththedie--an,keeptrackofwhatyoueatbyloggingyourmeals.

Starches

Fruits

Dairy

Thisdoesnotmeanyoucannoteatthesefoods,becausetherearenutri-onalbenefitstoeach.Justremember-MODERATIONisthekey.

HealthyEa-ngDiabetesPlateMethod•  9-inchplateforpor-oncontrol•  Fooddoesnotgoovertherimoftheplate•  Fillyourplateasyourmealplanallows

Foodstochoose:½plate=Non-starchyvegetables

Examples:broccoli,cabbage,carrots,cauliflower,greenbeans,salad,andzucchini.

¼plate=Grains/starchyvegetablesExamples:brownrice,bulgur,greenpeas,sweetpotatoes,andwholewheatbread.Beans,whicharebothstarchyandagoodsourceofproteinandfiber,fitshere,aswell.

¼plate=LeanproteinExamples:fish,chicken,eggs,leanbeeforpork,andsoyproducts(tofu).

Fruitand/ordairyonthesideAddaservingoffruit,suchasasmallapple,oraservingoflow-fatdairy,suchasnonfatyogurt.

2018DiabetesFoodPlate,CentersforDiseaseControlandPreven-on(CDC)

PhysicalAc-vityisImportantWhyisphysicalacUvitysoimportant?

•  Keypartofmanagingdiabetesalongwithpropermealplanning,takingmedica-onsasprescribed,andstressmanagement

WhathappenswhenIammoreacUveandexercise?

•  Yourbodycellsworkbe@er:-  Becomemoresensi-vetoinsulin

-  Canremoveglucosefromthebloodduringexercisewithoutneedinginsulin

•  Lowersyourbloodglucoselevels-  ImproveyourA1Clevels

-  Mayresultinyoubeingabletotakefewerdiabetesmedica-ons

•  Improvesyouroverallwellbeing:

-  Helpsloweringbloodpressureandcholesterol

PhysicalAc-vityisImportant

ExamplesofincorporaUngphysicalacUvityindailyrouUne:1.  Parkatthefarendoftheshoppingcenterlotandwalktothestore.2.  Getoffthetrainorbusoneortwostopsearly.3.  Takealongerroutewhenwalkingtothestore.4.  Doalaportwoaroundtheperimeterofthestorebeforeshopping.

5.  Ifyouareattheairportandwai-ngforaflight,walkthroughtheterminal.

6.  Whenonaroadtrip,stopohentostretchandwalk.

7.  ConsiderusingaFitBit™orFitBit-likedevicetotrackyoursteps,10,000stepsperdayisagoodgoaltoachieve.

SelfMonitoringBloodGlucose

Bloodglucosegoals:ADAguidelinessuggest80–180mg/dL

Monitoring:HemoglobinA1CTes-ng

A1C–Whatisit?•  TheA1Ctestmeasuresyouraveragebloodglucoseforthepast2to3months.Theadvantageofthistestisthatyoudonothavetofastordrinkanything.•  DiabetesisdiagnosedatanA1Cofgreaterthanorequalto6.5%UnderstandingA1Cresults:-  Normal:lessthan5.7%-  Pre-diabetes:5.7%to6.4%-  Diabetes:6.5%orhigher-  Whatwasmyresult?

Medica-ons

YouwillbeprovidedwithalistoftheNEWdiabetesmedica-onsthatyourphysicianhasorderedtoday.Thingsyoushouldknow:

•  Nameofmynewmedica-on?

•  WhatdosedoItake?

•  WhendoItakeit?

•  Whatarethespecialinstruc-ons?

•  Whatismynewmedica-on?

UnderstandingHypoglycemia(LowBloodSugar)

Whatishypoglycemia?

•  Bloodglucose(bloodsugar)levelsthataretoolow,usuallylessthan70mg/dl.

-  Askyourhealthcareprovideraboutwhatis“low”foryou.Whatcauseshypoglycemia?

•  Bloodglucosethatdropstoofast•  Strenuousexercisewithoutreplacingcalories.•  Toomuchdiabe-cmedica-on.

•  Notea-ngforalong-me.

•  Someillnesses

Hypoglycemia

Normal

BloodGlucoseLevels

WhataretheSymptomsofHypoglycemia(LowBloodSugar)

•  Shakiness•  Nervousnessoranxiety•  SweaUng,chillsandclamminess•  IrritabilityorimpaUence•  Confusion,includingdelirium•  Rapid/fastheartbeat•  Lightheadednessordizziness•  Hungerandnausea•  Sleepiness

•  Blurred/impairedvision•  Tinglingornumbnessinthelipsortongue•  Headaches•  Weaknessorfa-gue•  Anger,stubbornness,orsadness•  Lackofcoordina-on•  Nightmaresorcryingoutduringsleep•  Seizures•  Unconsciousness

IfYouFeelYourBloodSugarMayBeLow…

1. Checkyourbloodsugarlevel.2. Consume15-20gramsofglucoseorsimplecarbohydrates.3. Recheckyourbloodglucoseaher15minutes.4. Ifhypoglycemiacon-nues,repeat.5. Oncebloodglucosereturnstonormal,eatasmallsnackifyournextplannedmealismorethananhourortwoaway.

15gramsofsimplecarbohydratescommonlyused(chooseone):•  Glucosetablets(followpackageinstruc-ons)•  Geltube(followpackageinstruc-ons)•  2tablespoonsofraisins•  4ounces(1/2cup)ofjuiceorregularsoda(notdiet)•  1tablespoonsugar,honey,orcornsyrup•  8ouncesofnonfator1%milk•  Hardcandies,jellybeans,orgumdrops(Singleservingsizeonpackageinsert)

UnderstandingHyperglycemia(HighBloodSugar)

WhatisHyperglycemia?•  Bloodglucose(bloodsugar)levelsthataretoohigh.-  Askyourhealthcareprovideraboutwhatis“high”foryou.

Whatcauseshyperglycemia?•  Tooli@leinsulininyourbody(Type1Diabetes)•  Yourbodydoesnotuseinsulinproperly(Type2Diabetes)•  Otherreasons:-  Ea-ngtoomanycalories-  Tooli@leac-vity-  Stressfromanillnesssuchasacoldorflu-  Personalstress(family,job,conflicts)-  “DawnPhenomenon”-asurgeofhormonesthat

happensintheveryearlymorning(4to5am)

Hyperglycemia

Normal

BloodGlucoseLevels

UnderstandingHyperglycemia(HighBloodSugar)

Whatarethelong-termcomplicaUonsifhighbloodsugarlevelsgountreated?•  Blindness•  Limbamputa-on•  Kidneydamage•  Nervedamage•  Heartdisease/stroke•  Etc.NOTE:Ifyouareexperiencingabdominalpain,nausea,vomi-ngand/ordiarrhea,pleasecontactyourhealthcareproviderforadvice.

WhatAreMyNextStepsToSuccess?

DiabetesSelf-ManagementTraining

•  Yourdoctorwillreferyoutothistrainingprogram.

•  Theprogramincludes:

1.   DiabetesNurseEducatorSession–aone-hourindividualmee-ngtodiscussandplanyourpersonalneedsandgoals.Follow-upasneeded.

2.   RegisteredDieUUanAppointment–amee-ngtodevelopamealplanthatwilladdressyourmedicalneedsaswellasyourpersonaltastes.

3.   Groupclasses--−  Two,4-hourworkshops−  Topicsthatwillhelpyoulearnhowtocontrolyourdiabetes

NMComprehensiveDiabetesEduca-onProgram