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Diabetes
A. Tiberi
I.S. 126, the Albert Shanker School for Visual and Performing Arts
Do Now
In your journals, answer:
Do you know anyone with diabetes?
Describe some of the symptoms experienced by someone with diabetes?
Symptoms Frequent urination Unusual thirst Extreme hunger Unusual weight loss Extreme fatigue Irritability Blurred vision Very dry skin
Cuts or bruises that are slow to heal
Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
Recurring skin, gum or bladder infections
No symptoms (develop too slowly to be noticed)
What is diabetes? Having higher than normal blood glucose levels. Diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which the
body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy (glucose) needed for daily life.
Types of diabetes Type 1 diabetes
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes
5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes
90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
Gestational diabetes
only pregnant women get.
2% to 10% of all pregnancies but usually disappears when a pregnancy is over.
Other specific types of diabetes
resulting from specific genetic syndromes, surgery, drugs, malnutrition, infections, and other illnesses may account for 1% to 5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes.
Symptoms of Diabetes
food is broken down for energy
glucose enters the blood stream
pancreas makes insulin
insulin allows for glucose to move from blood into cells
• in a normal system
Public Policy Analyst (PPA) Problem There is too high a level of diabetes in NYC. Evidence How many people suffer from diabetes
related problems in our community? Causes What are some of the causes? Existing Policies What has NYC done to eliminate the
causes? Develop Solutions Come up with alternative solutions. Best Solution
EVIDENCE: Diabetes in NYC Diabetes in New York City has increased 13% since
2002. 1 in 8 (800,000) New Yorkers have diabetes—about a
third don’t know it People can often prevent diabetes by maintaining a
healthy weight and exercising People with diabetes can often manage their illness—
to live longer and healthier lives
What CAUSES the symptoms
People have high blood glucose because:
The pancreas does not produce enough insulin (Type I)
The cells do not respond to the insulin normally (Type II)
Both of the above
• in a diabetic system
What are the risk factors? Being overweight or obese
Being older (45 years old or older)
Having a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes
Being African American, American Indian, Asian American, Pacific Islander, or Hispanic American/Latino heritage
Having a prior history of gestational diabetes or birth of at least one baby weighing more than 9 pounds
Having high blood pressure measuring 140/90
Having abnormal cholesterol with HDL (“good”) cholesterol is 35 or lower, or triglyceride level is 250 or higher
Being physically inactive--exercising fewer than three times a week.
Complications Alzheimer’s disease Eye problems/blindness Hearing problems Skin and mouth conditions Heart and blood vessel disease Kidney damage Nerve damage Foot damage Osteoporosis
Sources http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002194/
http://www.pamf.org/diabetes/whatis/
http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/?loc=GlobalNavDB
http://www.diabetes.org/in-my-community/local-offices/new-york-new-york/
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consumer/prevent.htm
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-2-diabetes/DS00585/DSECTION=complications
http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/public/dohmhnews5-04.pdf
http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/ppa/intro.html
