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DIA’S ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Ed Keegan, P.E., CEMDIA Energy ManagerColorado Airport Operators AssociationJanuary 12, 2015

Basic Energy Terminology

– Power is how fast you spend Energy or do Work

– Electrical Power is measured in watts (W)

– 1 kilowatt (kW) = 1,000 W (Space Heater ~ 1kW)

– 1 megawatt (MW) = 1,000 kW = 1,000,000 W

– Electrical Energy is measured in watt-hours (Wh)

– 1 watt-hour is 1 watt of power over a time of one hour

– 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 1,000 Wh

– 1 megawatt-hour = 1,000 kWh = 1,000,000 Wh

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Basic Energy Terminology

– Other Units:

– 1 kWh = 3412 BTU

– 1 DecaTherm (Dth) = 1 MMBTU (1 million BTU)

– 1 DecaTherm = 10 Therms

– Therms & DecaTherms – Gas: 1DecaTherm ~ 1000 CF

– Direct Current (DC) = Batteries, Solar

– Alternating Current (AC) = Electrical Grid

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Energy Management – General

- Main Stuff to Look For - Regardless of Facility Size:

- Heating/Cooling – Lots of Energy

- BTU = heat 1 lb of water 1 degree F

- 1200 BTU to melt 1 gallon of ice

- Efficiency

- Filters, Insulation, keep doors closed, etc

- Lighting –

- Get Rid of Incandescent – now Law

- LED where feasible; Fluorescent

- Lighting also adds to Heat Load

- Other Systems4

DIA’s Energy Use – Electric and Gas

- 250 Electric Accounts; 70 Gas Accounts

- ~40 MW Peak Load

- 2013:

- 224,000,000 kWh

- 60,940 Typical Denver Residences

- 526,000 Dth Gas

- Total Electric and Gas: 1.29 million MMBTU

- Cost Electric and Gas $20.5 million; 87+% Electric

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DIA’s Energy Use - Vehicle

- Vehicle Fuel

- Liquid: 588,000 gal; $1.8 million

- Nat Gas: 896,000 gal; $1.1 million

- Jet Fuel (For reference): 391 million gal

- Approximately $1 billion

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DIA Energy Management Program

- Energy Management Program and Energy Team Charter

- Adopted 2013

- Comprehensive, Proactive and Multi-Discipline

- DIA Energy Steering Committee

- DIA Energy Technical Committee

- Still Work in Progress

- Support from Management!

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DIA Energy Management Program

- Xcel Energy – Process Efficiency Program

- Started late 2011 (Developed “Charter”)

- Systematic Approach

- Energy Consulting Services – Max Cost to DIA $7500

- Graphet, Inc – Cincinatti, OH

- Data Mining

- Xcel Rebates, Bonuses

- MOU with Xcel - Management Support

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DIA Energy Management Program - Obstacles

- “Cannot Manage It if you Cannot Measure It”

- “Why Measure if you do not know what you are measuring?”

- Large Number of Meters

- Meta-data – Addresses, Locations

- Accounts/Meters->Switchgear->Loads

- Missing Accounts/Reporting Errors

- Organizational

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DIA Energy Management Program - Activities

- Planned Outcomes

- $u$tainability

- Develop Actionable ECMs – Save $ and Green

- Benchmarks and Goals

- Metrics - Reality

- Employee Awareness

- Project Coordination

- Maximize Rebates

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Energy Management – Interval Data

- Xcel - Secondary General (SG) Tariff

- Monthly Bills for:

- Usage in kWh

- Peak 15 Minute Demand in kW

- Example: Total = $246,016

- Peak = 6358 kW

- Usage = 3,094,648 kWh

- Demand =47% or over $115,600

- Reduce 15 Minute Peak to 5358 kW:

- Reduce Bill by over $18,000

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Energy Management – Interval Data

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1000

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5/4/2014 6/3/2014 7/3/2014 8/2/2014 9/1/2014 10/1/2014 10/31/2014 11/30/2014

kW Demand with Temperature

kW Demand

Hi Deg C

Low Deg C

DIA Energy Management Program – Data Mining

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DIA Energy Management Program – Data Mining

Asset Asset Tag Legacy Eq Num Description Year Make Model Location Functional Area

100946 1177 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUA, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCEE, RM 4271 RUPP CDW365WHCA FAC0403LV4-S1E HVAC

100957 1178 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUA, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCEW, RM 4260 RUPP CDW365WHCA FAC0403LV4-S1E HVAC

101001 1182 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUB, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCEW, RM 4260 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-S1E HVAC

100968 1179 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUA, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCWE, RM 4350 RUPP CDW365WHCA FAC0403LV4-S1W HVAC

100990 1181 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUB, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCEE, RM 4271 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-S1E HVAC

101012 1183 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUB, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCWE, RM 4350 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-S1W HVAC

100979 1180 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUA, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCWW, RM 4381 RUPP CDW365WHCA FAC0403LV4-S1W HVAC

101034 1185 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUBN, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCE, RM 4140 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101067 1188 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUBS, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCW, RM 4040 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101045 1186 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUBS, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCE, RM 4140 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101056 1187 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUBN, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCW, RM 4040 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101023 1184 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUB, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCWW, RM 4381 RUPP CDW402WHCB FAC0403LV4-S1W HVAC

101085 1190 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUC, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCEW, RM 4260 RUPP CDW330WHCC FAC0403LV4-S1E HVAC

101078 1189 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUC, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCEE, RM 4271 RUPP CDW330WHCC FAC0403LV4-S1E HVAC

101096 1191 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUC, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCWE, RM 4350 RUPP CDW330WHCC FAC0403LV4-S1W HVAC

101118 1193 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUC, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCE, RM 4140 RUPP CDW330WHCC FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101140 1195 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUD, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCE, RM 4140 RUPP CDW330WHCD FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101107 1192 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUC, CCON, LEVEL 4, 1SCWW, RM 4381 RUPP CDW330WHCC FAC0403LV4-S1W HVAC

101129 1194 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUC, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCW, RM 4040 RUPP CDW330WHCC FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101151 1196 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUD, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCW, RM 4040 RUPP CDW330WHCD FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101195 1200 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUES, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCW, RM 4040 RUPP CDW330WHCE FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101217 1202 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUF, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCW, RM 4040 RUPP CDW182WHCF FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101162 1197 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUEN, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCE, RM 4140 RUPP CDW330WHCE FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101184 1199 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUEN, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCW, RM 4040 RUPP CDW330WHCE FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101206 1201 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUF, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCE, RM 4140 RUPP CDW182WHCF FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101173 1198 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUES, CCON, LEVEL 4, CCE, RM 4140 RUPP CDW330WHCE FAC0403LV4-CTC HVAC

101261 1206 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUK, CCON, LEVEL B, CCE RUPP CDW490WHCK FAC0403BSM-CTC HVAC

101272 1207 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUL, CCON, LEVEL 1, 1SCE, RM 1402 RUPP CDW182WHCL FAC0403LV1-S1E HVAC

101250 1205 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUJ, CCON, LEVEL B, CCW FAC0403BSM-CTC HVAC

101239 1204 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUI, CCON, LEVEL 1, 1SCW, RM 1381 RUPP CDW165WHCI FAC0403LV1-S1W HVAC

101228 1203 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUH, CCON, LEVEL 1, 1SCE FAC0403LV1-S1E HVAC

26836 002695 AIR HANDLING UNIT, AHUW31N, SC2W, CCL1 TTRL FAC0403LV1-S2W HVAC

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Energy Management – C Concourse

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Energy Management – Specific Projects

- Saved over 7.5 million kWh in 2014

- Denver Executive Order 123 – LEED Gold (or Platinum)

- Approximately 130 Projects

- Covered Parking Structure – LED Retrofit

- HVAC - Hydronic Optimization, Controls Projects, Chillers,

Sump Separation, VFDs and Efficient Motors, etc.

- Data Center

- Fire Station 35

- C Con Escalators

- Mod 4 East Parking16

Energy Management – Specific Projects

- DIA Hotel and Transit Center

- Hotel in 2015 and Train in 2016

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− Energy Management Link on flydenver.com

− Provide information to public

− E-mail link for Vendors, etc.

− A lot of really good vendors and products, but…

− Save Time of Management

− We can evaluate Technical feasibility of products before

Management spends time

Energy Link on Flydenver.com

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− Rebate Spreadsheet

− Track Projects to Optimize Xcel Rebates

− Timely Applications

− Over $1 million in 2014; Nearly $1 million more being tracked

− Partnership between Project Managers and Energy section

− Residential Rebates

− Xcelenergy.com

Xcel Energy Rebates

DIA PV Installations

– DIA has 10 MW of On-Site Solar PV

– Combined, DIA Solar I, II, III and IV are designed to

produce 16 million kWh per year;

– This is about 7.1 % of 2013 DIA kWh Usage

– Equivalent to approximately 2580 typical Denver homes

– All are Poly-crystalline panels

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DIA PV Installations

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DIA I

DIA II

DIA IIIDIA IV

DIA PV Installations

– All DIA Solar Arrays are Public-Private Partnership

– DIA does not own the Arrays and did not pay to build them

– Owned by Private Companies

– DIA has Ground Lease Agreement with Owner

– DIA has Power Purchase Agreement with Owner

– DIA buys electricity from the owners

– DIA uses some on-site; sell excess back to Xcel

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DIA PV FACTS

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Criteria Solar I Solar II Solar III Solar IV Total

Completion Date September-08 December-09 June-11 July 14

Power Rating, MWDC 2 1.6 4.45 2 10.05Design Annual Production (kWh) 3,400,000 2,600,000 7,000,000 3,000,000 16,000,000

lb CO2 Offset/MWh 1,516 1,516 1,516 1,516 6,064

CO2 Offset - lb 5,154,400 3,941,600 10,612,000 4,548,000 24,256,000

Denver Residential kWh/yr 6,204 6,204 6,204 6,204

Number of Residences 548 419 1,128 484 2,579

Acreage 8.8 9.37 25.73 12

LocationPena Blvd; S. of Terminal

DIA North Campus - Fuel Farm

DIA North Campus - Lift Station #2

DIA North Campus - ARFF Training Facility

Solar Address 7838 Pena Blvd 11190 N. Queensburg St. 28404 E. 114th Ave. 11310 N. Queensburg

Load Served Irrigation pump meterDIA Fuel Storage & Distribution Facility DIA Sewer Lift Station #2 DIA ARFF Training Facility

Construction Cost/ watt DC $7.00 $4.38 $3.15 $2.15

Panel count and W/panel 9254 at 216 watts 7392 at 216 watts 18,980 at 235 watts 6988 Total at avg 286 watts

Type Single Axis Flat Tracker Fixed Tilt 25 o Fixed Tilt 25 o Fixed Tilt 30 o

Owner/Owner's RepSunEdison (was MMA DAS) Airport Solar I / MP2 Capital

Denver Airport Solar LLC/ Constellation

Denver Solar IV LLC; RSB Funds

Developer World Water & Solar OakLeaf Energy Partners OakLeaf Energy Partners OakLeaf Energy Partners

Contractor Intermountain Electric Intermountain Electric Intermountain ElectricPanasonic/Intermountain Electric

2011 Actual kWh Produced 3,320,332 2,647,898 4,366,818 3,000,000 13,335,048

2012 Actual kWh Produced 3,467,518 2,304,133 5,353,423 3,000,000 14,125,074

2013 Actual kWh est 1,445,144 2,420,566 5,852,659 3,000,000 12,718,369

DIA Solar Lessons Learned

– Solar I – Flat Tracker; Others are Fixed Tilt

– 17% more efficient

– More expensive

– Shifting Clay

– Find Meter that matches output from Arrays

– Xcel/PUC Rules – Load side of existing meter

– Sell To Grid: Xcel pays “AHIC”

– Use On-Site: Offset Cost at Energy Tariff

– No Glare Complaints – FAA 7460

– Cost/Watt is declining24

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DIA’S ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Ed Keegan, P.E., CEMDIA Energy ManagerColorado Airport Operators AssociationJanuary 12, 2015