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DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 1
Maritime Delimitation
Brazil´s experience using nautical Brazil´s experience using nautical cartography to fix maritime cartography to fix maritime boundariesboundaries
IHO Seminar for Chairmen of National Hydrographic Committees
Acapulco – Oct 02-04th, 2006
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 2
SummarySummary
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on
the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 3
SummarySummary
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
IntroductionIntroductionThe United Nations Convention on
the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 4
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation IntroductionIntroduction
Terrestrial Frontiers- Established from stand out
geographic points - Almost total terrestrial frontiers are
established
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 5
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation IntroductionIntroduction
Maritime Frontiers- Can’t be physically settled- Until 1982: arbitrary criteria- Without control conditions- 1982: UNCLOS
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 6
SummarySummary
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on
the Law of the Seathe Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 7
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
The United Nations Convention The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seaon the Law of the Sea
- Opened for signature in 1982, Jamaica- Define objectives criteria into the
establishment of maritime boundaries
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 8
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
The United Nations Convention The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seaon the Law of the Sea
- Give new concepts other than unrestricted sovereign (territorial)
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 9
The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea
Coastal States exercise sovereignty over their territorial sea which they have the right to establish its breadth up to a limit not to exceed 12 nautical miles; foreign vessels are allowed "innocent passage" through those waters;
Key featuresKey features
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 10
The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea
Coastal States have sovereign rights in a 200-nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) with respect to natural resources whether living or non-living and certain economic activities, and exercise jurisdiction over marine scientific research and environmental protection;
Key featuresKey features
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 11
The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea
The limits of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of islands are determined in accordance with rules applicable to land territory, but rocks which could not sustain human habitation or economic life of their own would have no economic zone or continental shelf;
Key featuresKey features
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 12
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 13
The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea
BaselinesBaselines
Key of the KeysKey of the Keys
Art. 5 - …is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State.
hydrography
n. cartography
low-waterlarge-scale charts
officially
regognized authority
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 14
The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea
Continental ShelfContinental Shelf
Key of the KeysKey of the Keys
Art. 76 ......(4a i ii) 60 nautical miles from the foot of slopefoot of slope......
(5) not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2500 isobath2500 isobath
Hydrography, geology and cartography
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 15
The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea
BaselinesBaselines
Territorial SeaTerritorial Sea
2500 isobath2500 isobath
Key of the KeysKey of the Keys
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 16
The United Nations Convention on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seathe Law of the Sea
BaselinesBaselines
Territorial SeaTerritorial Sea
Key of the KeysKey of the Keys
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 17
SummarySummary
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on
the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusion
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 18
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
- Bilateral agreement with France and Uruguay
- Outer limit under examination by the CLCS (UN)
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 19
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
Agreement with France
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 20
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
Agreement with France
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 21
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
Agreement with Uruguay
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 22
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
Agreement with Uruguay
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 23
The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
Maritime Maritime Delimitation Delimitation
Outer limit
EEZ
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 24
The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
MaritimeMaritime Delimitation Delimitation
Bathymetric and seismic surveys
Besides the outer limit definition the State also increases its scientific
knowledge
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 25
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation The Brazilian caseThe Brazilian case
Resources
- Legal
- Organizational
- Human
- Technological
- Material
State
Stateand / oragreement
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 26
SummarySummary
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on
the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipSupporting relationshipConclusion
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 27
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation Supporting relationshipSupporting relationship
National and international Agreements
IHO MACHC
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 28
SummarySummary
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation
IntroductionThe United Nations Convention on
the Law of the SeaThe Brazilian caseSupporting relationshipConclusionConclusion
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 29
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation ConclusionConclusion
– The international community established, by the Convention, a pacific, consensus, and reasonable way, to solve disputes and to guarantee rights, in maritime subjects.
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 30
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation ConclusionConclusion
- Each State is encouraged to make it’s pronouncement based on the established UNCLOS parameters
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 31
Maritime Delimitation Maritime Delimitation ConclusionConclusion
- It’s necessary a huge effort to guarantee the rights. This effort should be proportional:
to the kind of interestto the available resourcesto the existing resources
DHN - IHO SCNHC/2006 32
Maritime Delimitation
Comments and Questions ?!Comments and Questions ?!