DHC-1 Chipmunk - Learn to Fly, Joy Flights, Aircraft Hire ... · PDF fileVH-AKB (Version: 20131111) - 1 - Aircraft Overview This DHC-1 Chipmunk is a single engine two-seater low wing

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Last revised: 11 November 2013

© 2013 Airborne Aviation Pty Ltd

www.airborne-aviation.com.au

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Contents Aircraft Overview General Information ........................................................................... 1 Recency and Restrictions ..................................................................... 1 Front Cockpit Diagram ........................................................................ 2 Performance – Specifications Summary of Aircraft Performance and Specifications .............................. 3 Operating Limitations Airspeeds .......................................................................................... 4 Power Plant ....................................................................................... 5 Fuel System ...................................................................................... 5 Tyre Pressures ................................................................................... 5 Manoeuvre / Load Limits ..................................................................... 6 Weight & Balance Weight Limitations .............................................................................. 6 Centre of Gravity Limitations ............................................................... 6 Loading Limitations ............................................................................ 6 Performance Charts Takeoff ............................................................................................. 7 Landing ............................................................................................. 8 Checklists Normal Operations ............................................................................. 9 Emergency Operations ....................................................................... 20 Resources Briefings .......................................................................................... 23 Useful Information............................................................................. 26

NOTICE

The information and figures contained in this booklet are to be used for general purposes only. This document is

not a substitute for the approved aeroplane flight manual.

Report errors to [email protected]

VH-AKB (Version: 20131111) - 1 - www.airborne-aviation.com.au

Aircraft Overview This DHC-1 Chipmunk is a single engine two-seater low wing light aircraft with a conventional (tail wheel) undercarriage constructed of metal and fabric. It is our only vintage aircraft available for private hire, and a pleasure to fly.

Recency & Restrictions

Private Hire: Tail Wheel Endorsement, Company Check Flight. Dual training: Tail Wheel Endorsement. Recency: Three landings on type in the last 45 days.



Performance – Standard Specifications SPEED: Cruise, 2100 RPM at Sea Level ............................................ 103 KTS Cruise, 2100 RPM at 5000 FT .............................................. 101 KTS Maximum Level Speed at Sea Level ..................................... 120 KTS Maximum Level Speed at 5000 FT ....................................... 116 KTS CRUISE: Using recommended lean mixture with fuel allowance for engine start, taxi, takeoff, climb and 45 minutes reserve. Best Range < 2100 RPM ............................................................. 90KIAS RATE OF CLIMB AT SEA LEVEL ................................................... 600 FPM SERVICE CEILING .................................................................. 12,000 FT STALL SPEED: Flaps Up, Power Off ............................................................ 47 KIAS Flaps Down, Power Off ........................................................ 43 KIAS MAXIMUM WEIGHT: Ramp ............................................................. 2108 LBS / 956.1 KG Takeoff........................................................... 2100 LBS / 952.5 KG Landing .......................................................... 2100 LBS / 952.5 KG BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT ............................................ 1470 LBS / 666.8 KG FUEL CAPACITY ........................................... 24 Gallons (Imp) / 109 Litres OIL CAPACITY .......................................................................... 9 Quarts ENGINE: ............................................................................................ Gypsy Major 10 Mk. 2. 136 - 142 HP in line inverted air cooled engine PROPELLER: Fixed Pitch, Diameter ........................................ 6’9”(2.06m)


Operating Information AIRSPEEDS - NORMAL OPERATIONS Takeoff: Normal Climb Out ............................................................... 70 KIAS Short Field Takeoff, Flap 1 (15°), Speed at 50 ft..................... 55 KIAS Enroute Climb, Flaps Up: Normal .............................................................................. 70 KIAS Best Rate-of-Climb* ............................................................ 65 KIAS Best Angle-of-Climb ............................................................ 55 KIAS Landing Approach: Normal Approach Flaps Up ................................................... 70 KIAS Normal Approach, Flaps FULL ............................................... 60 KIAS Short Field Approach, Flaps FULL .......................................... 55 KIAS Balked Landing: Maximum Power, Flap 2 (30°) .............................................. 60 KIAS Maximum Power, Flaps 1 (15°) ............................................ 65 KIAS V-Speeds: Vne (never exceed) .......................................................... 155 KIAS Vfe** ................................................................................ 71 KIAS Vb (Penetration Speed) ..................................................... 117 KIAS Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity: Takeoff or landing............................................................ 15 KNOTS Stall Speed: Flaps Up, Power Off ............................................................ 47 KIAS Flaps Down, Power Off ........................................................ 43 KIAS Unless otherwise noted, the speeds listed above are based on a maximum weight and may be used for any lesser weight. * BROC is 65 KIAS, but 70 KIAS is recommended for easier handling and engine cooling considerations. **Flap 1 (15°) may be taken below 91 KIAS


POWER PLANT Oil Type ........................................................... W100 / W120 (seasonal) Oil Quantities: Maximum ......................................................................... 9 Quarts Minimum ...................................... 4.5 Quarts (Half mark on dipstick) Oil Pressures: Normal ........................................................................ 40 to 45 PSI Flight Emergency Minimum .................................................... 30 PSI Oil Temperatures: Minimum for Run-up ............................................................... 20°C Minimum for Take-off .............................................................. 25°C Maximum for Normal Operation ................................................................. 85°C RPM: Maximum Rich ................................................................ 2400 RPM Maximum Lean ................................................................ 2300 RPM FUEL SYSTEM Total Usable .............................................. 24 Gallons (Imp) / 109 Litres Fuel Consumption per hour......................................................... 35 litres Approved Fuels (seasonal): Option A ......................................... 100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue) Option B .......................................... 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (Green) TYRE PRESSURES MAINS ....................................................................................... 38 PSI TAILWHEEL ................................................................................ 40 PSI


MANOEUVRE / LOAD LIMITS This aeroplane is certified in both the normal and utility categories. Aerobatic manoeuvers are permitted as follows: Barrel Roll .............................................................................. 120 KIAS Roll ...................................................................................... 120 KIAS Stall Turn ............................................................................... 120 KIAS Loop ...................................................................................... 130 KIAS Immelman ............................................................................. 140 KIAS Spins ......................................................................... Slow Deceleration

SUSTAINED INVERTED FLIGHT AND FLICK MANOEUVERS ARE PROHIBITED

Load Factor Limitations Normal ............................................................................. +3.8g, -1.5g Acrobatic ................................................................................. +6g, -3g Weight and Balance Weight Limitations : Maximum Take-Off Weight (Normal) ........................................... 2100 lbs Maximum Take-Off Weight (Acrobatic) ........................................ 2100 lbs Maximum Landing Weight ......................................................... 2100 lbs CG Position Forward limit ............................................ 6.48 Inches Forward of Datum Aft limit.......................................................... 0.257 Inches Aft of Datum Empty Aircraft Weight .................................................................................... 1470 lbs Position of Empty C.G. ............................... 4.16 Inches Forward of Datum Datum 36.0 Inches Aft of forward levelling peg on port side of fuselage. Loading Limitations Maximum luggage locker load (No Pax)........................................... 40 lbs Maximum luggage locker load (Rear seat occupied) .......................... 20 lbs Maximum luggage locker intensity ............................. 5 lbs per square foot


Performance Take-off:


Landing:


Checklists – Normal Operations PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Visually check the aeroplane for general condition during walk-around inspection. Aeroplane should be parked on level ground to ensure that fuel drain valves allow for accurate sampling. In cold weather, remove even small accumulations of frost, ice or snow from the aircraft.

Pre-Flight Operational Documents 1. Dispatch -- Signed and Filed. 2. Maintenance Release -- CHECKED and SIGNED. 3. Weight and Balance -- CHECKED. (1) FRONT COCKPIT 1. Brake -- SET. 2. Magneto Switches -- OFF. 3. Generator Switch -- ON. 4. Master Switch -- OFF. 5. Radio -- OFF. 6. Throttle -- FREE & CLOSED 7. Mixture -- FREE & RICH. 8. Throttle Friction Nut -- LOOSE. 9. Flight Controls -- FULL FREE & CORRECT movement. 10. Elevator Trim -- FULL FREE & CORRECT movement.


11. Instruments -- CHECKED & SET. 12. Altimeter -- SET FIELD ELEVATION. 13. Harness and Connections -- CHECK CONDITION. 14. Fire Extinguisher -- SECURE. 15. Canopy & Windscreen -- CHECK CONDITION, SECURITY &

CLEANLIENESS. 16. Headset -- FITTED & CONDITION. 17. No loose articles.

WARNING

TREAT THE PROPELLER AS THOUGH “LIVE”. DO NOT STAND OR PLACE BODY PARTS WITHIN THE ARC OF THE PROPELLER, NOR

ALLOW ANYONE ELSE TO DO SO. (2) REAR COCKPIT 1. Solo or Passenger flight -- STICK REMOVED & STOWED. 2. Dual Flight -- STICK SECURELY FITTED & PINNED. 3. Baggage Compartment -- CONTENTS SECURE & LOCKED. 4. Harness & Connections -- CHECK CONDITION, SECURE for solo flight. 5. Magnetos -- OFF. 6. Instruments -- CHECKED & SET. 7. Altimeter -- SET FIELD ELEVATION. 8. Flaps -- FREE & CORRECT. SET FLAP 2. 9. No loose articles. (3) PORT WING 1. Upper Surface -- CHECK CONDITION. 2. Flap -- CHECK CONDITION, HINGES & CONNECTIONS. 3. Aileron -- CONDITION, HINGES, CONNECTIONS & FULL FREE. 4. Wing Tip - CONDITION, NAV LIGHT, RIGIDITY:

a. Rock the aircraft laterally from the wing tip, check rigidity & undercarriage compression struts for operation.

5. Stall Strips -- CHECKED and SECURE. 6. Pitot Tube -- COVER REMOVED and FREE OF OBSTRUCTION. (4) PORT FUEL TANK 1. Gauge -- CHECK QUANTITY & CONDITION. 2. Fuel Quantity -- CHECK WITH DIPSTICK. 3. Fuel Cap -- CHECK SECURE. 4. Fuel Vent -- CHECK FOR BLOCKAGE.


(5) PORT UNDERCARRIAGE CHECK 1. Fairing -- CONDITION & SECURE. 2. Taxi Light -- CONDITION & SECURE. 3. Main Leg -- CONDITION & OLEO (approx. 11 inches) 4. Brake Lead -- CONDITION, SECURE & NO LEAKS. 5. Tyre -- CHECK PRESSURE & CONDITION. 6. Fuselage:

a. Wing Fairing -- SECURE & TIGHT SCREWS. b. Underside -- CONDITION.

(6) ENGINE PORT SIDE 1. Brake Fluid -- SUFFICIENT. 2. Throttle Linkages -- SECURE. 3. Sump Stud -- SECURE. 4. Engine Mounts -- CONDITION & SECURE. 5. Magneto -- EARTHING WIRES CONNECTED 6. Advance / Retard Mechanism -- CHECK OPERATION. 7. Baffles -- CHECK SECURE. 8. Vacuum Pump -- SECURE. 9. Fuel/Oil -- CHECK LINES SECURE. 10. Manual Fuel Pump -- OPERATE (Prime lines to carburettor). 11. Cowling -- CLOSED & SECURE. 12. Front intake:

a. Spark Plugs -- SECURE. b. Plug Leads -- CONNECTED. c. No Foreign Objects.

(7) PROPELLER 1. Blades -- CONDITION. 2. Propeller -- ADVANCE THROUGH FOUR BLADES. 3. Impulse Coupling -- CHECK FOR OPERATION. 4. Crankshaft -- CHECK FOR EXCESSIVE PLAY. 5. Spinner -- CONDITION & SECURITY. (8) ENGINE STARBOARD SIDE 1. Oil -- SUFFICIENT & CAP SECURE. 2. Oil Filter -- 6 FULL ROTATIONS. 3. Starter Motor -- SECURE. 4. Engine Mounts -- CONDITION & SECURE. 5. Magneto -- EARTHING WIRES CONNECTED. 6. Advance / Retard Mechanism -- CHECK OPERATION. 7. Fuel/Oil -- CHECK LINES SECURE.


8. Throttle Controls -- FREE & CORRECT MOVEMENT. 9. Mixture Controls -- FREE & CORRECT MOVEMENT. 10. Cold Air Shutter -- CHECK OPERATION. 11. Spark Plugs -- SECURE. 12. Plug Leads -- CONNECTED. 13. Carburettor -- CONDITION. 14. Manifold Gaskets & Studs -- CONDITION & SECURE. 15. Exhaust Gaskets & Studs -- CONDITION & SECURE. 16. Cowling -- CLOSED & SECURE. (9) STARBOARD UNDERCARRIAGE 1. Fairing -- CONDITION & SECURE. 2. Main Leg -- CONDITION & OLEO (approx. 11 inches) 3. Brake Lead -- CONDITION, SECURE & NO LEAKS. 4. Tyre -- CHECK PRESSURE & CONDITION. 5. Fuselage:

a. Wing Fairing -- SECURE & TIGHT SCREWS. b. Underside -- CONDITION.

(10) STARBOARD FUEL TANK 1. Gauge -- CHECK QUANTITY & CONDITION. 2. Fuel Quantity -- CHECK WITH DIPSTICK. 3. Fuel Cap -- CHECK SECURE. 4. Fuel Vent -- CHECK FOR BLOCKAGE. (11) STARBOARD WING 1. Stall Strips -- CHECKED and SECURE. 2. VHF Aerial -- SECURE. 3. Wing Tip - CONDITION, NAV LIGHT, RIGIDITY:

a. Rock the aircraft laterally from the wing tip, check rigidity & undercarriage compression struts for operation.

4. Aileron -- CONDITION, HINGES, CONNECTIONS & FULL FREE. 5. Flap -- CHECK CONDITION, HINGES & CONNECTIONS. 6. Upper Surface -- CHECK CONDITION. (12) STARBOARD FUSELAGE CHECK (KEEL & UNDERSIDE) 1. Skin -- CONDITION. 2. Battery Panels -- SECURE.


(13) TAIL SECTION 1. Fin -- CONDITION & SECURE. 2. Stabilizer -- CONDITION & SECURE. 3. Elevator -- CONDITION, HINGES, CONNECTIONS, TRIM TAB & FULL

FREE. 4. Rudder -- CONDITION, HINGES, CONNECTIONS, TRIM TAB, FULL FREE

& CLEARANCE ABOVE TAIL FAIRING. 5. Tail Fairing -- SECURE. 6. Navigation Light -- CONDITION & SECURE. 7. Tail Wheel Assembly -- CHECK STRUT. 8. Tail Wheel -- CHECK PRESSURE & CONDITION. (14) PORT FUSELAGE CHECK (KEEL & UNDERSIDE) 1. Skin -- CONDITION. 2. Battery Panels -- SECURE.


BEFORE STARTING ENGINE 1. Pre-flight Inspection -- COMPLETE. 2. Aircraft Dispatch -- COMPLETED / AUTHORISED. 3. Running Sheet Figures -- COMPLETE. 4. Maintenance Release -- CHECKED. 5. Air Sickness Bags -- AVAILABLE. 6. Passenger Briefing -- COMPLETE. 7. Seatbelts and Shoulder Harnesses -- ADJUST and LOCK. 8. Brake -- TEST and SET 9. Propeller area -- CLEAR. 10. Master Switch -- ON. 11. ATIS / Clearance -- OBTAIN as required via COMM. 12. Master Switch -- OFF.

WARNING

THE RADIOS MUST BE OFF DURING ENGINE START TO PREVENT POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO AVIONICS.

STARTING ENGINE 1. Engine -- PRIMED. 2. Rear Cockpit -- SWITCHES ON. 3. Radio -- OFF. 4. Fuel Selector Valve -- FULLEST TANK SELECTED. 5. Flaps -- IDENTIFIED and UP. 6. Throttle -- SET ½ Inch. 7. Mixture -- RICH (Set fully Aft). 8. Propeller Area -- CLEAR. 9. Master Switch -- ON. 10. Magnetos -- ON (Both Cockpits). 11. Stick Back -- RIGHT ARM AROUND STICK. 12. Brake -- COVER WITH RIGHT HAND. 13. Confirm area around aircraft is clear -- call “CLEAR PROP!” 14. Starter -- LEFT HAND ENGAGES (hold until engine starts). 15. Set throttle -- 1000 RPM. 16. Oil Pressure -- CHECK MINIMUIM 30 PSI. Confirm rising within 30

seconds or shut down. 17. Radio – ON and SET as required.


TAXYING 1. Brakes -- CHECK. 2. Instruments -- CHECK indications in correct sense. 3. Flight Controls – AS REQUIRED (Column AFT or as required due wind) BEFORE TAKEOFF 1. Brake -- SET. 2. Throttle -- 1000 RPM. 3. Seatbelts and Shoulder Harnesses -- CHECK SECURE. 4. Canopy -- CLOSED and LOCKED. 5. Flight Controls -- FULL FREE and CORRECT movement. 6. Flight Instruments -- CHECKED and SET. 7. Fuel Quantity -- CHECK. 8. Mixture -- RICH (Fully Aft). 9. Fuel Selector Valve -- RECHECK FULLEST TANK SELECTED. 10. Elevator Trim -- SET for takeoff. 11. Flaps -- RECHECK IDENTIFIED and UP. 12. Engine Instruments and Ammeter -- CHECK. 13. Throttle -- 1800 RPM.

a. Magnetos -- CHECK. RPM drop should not exceed 150 RPM on either magneto or 50 RPM differential between Magnetos. Confirm on BOTH.

b. Vacuum Gauge -- CHECK. c. Engine Instruments and Ammeter -- CHECK.

14. Throttle -- CHECK idle. 15. Throttle -- 1000 RPM. 16. Throttle Friction Lock -- ADJUST. 17. Radio -- SET. 18. Flaps -- SET for Takeoff (Retracted - normal, ½ short field) 19. Self Brief -- COMPLETE (Aborted T/O, engine failure, TEM) 20. Brake -- RELEASE. HOLDING POINT CLEAR CHECKS

1. C - Clear approaches (final, base and RWY?) 2. L - Lights: Landing, Taxi, Strobes - ON (Nav - if required, eg. NVFR) 3. E - Engine: T&P green, flaps – set as required 4. A - ALT – set on TRANSPONDER and (3000 or 1200) 5. R - Radio – Frequency set, volume tested, request clearance.


TAKEOFF NORMAL TAKEOFF 1. Flaps -- RETRACTED. 2. Throttle -- FULL OPEN. 3. Elevator Control -- AS REQUIRED TO LIFT TAIL WHEEL. 4. Mixture -- RICH (above 5000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). 5. Checks -- REVS achieved, AIRSPEED rising, GAUGES in the green. 6. Elevator Control -- LIFT OFF at 55 KIAS. 7. Climb Speed -- 65-70 KIAS. 8. 500’ AGL -- REDUCE POWER by 50 RPM. 9. Lights -- As applicable when clear of airport. SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps -- 1/2. 2. Brake -- SET FULL. 3. Throttle -- FULL OPEN. 4. Mixture -- RICH (above 5000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). 5. Brakes -- RELEASE. 6. Elevator Control -- AS REQUIRED TO LIFT TAIL WHEEL. 7. Checks -- REVS achieved, AIRSPEED rising, GAUGES in the green. 8. Elevator Control -- MAINTAIN SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW ATTITUDE. 9. Climb Speed -- 55 KIAS (Until all obstacles are cleared). 10. Wing Flaps -- RETRACT slowly after reaching 65 KIAS. 11. 500’ AGL -- REDUCE POWER by 50 RPM. 12. Lights -- As applicable when clear of airport.


ENROUTE CLIMB NORMAL CLIMB 1. Airspeed -- 70 KIAS. 2. Throttle -- FULL OPEN Less 50 RPM 3. Mixture -- RICH (above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). 4. QNH -- SET area QNH. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE CLIMB 1. Airspeed -- 65 KIAS. 2. Throttle -- FULL OPEN Less 50 RPM. 3. Mixture -- RICH (above 3000 feet, LEAN to obtain maximum RPM). 4. QNH -- SET area QNH. CRUISE 1. Power -- < or = 2100 RPM. 2. Elevator Trim -- ADJUST. 3. Mixture -- LEAN. DESCENT 1. Self Brief -- COMPLETE (Arrival plan/expectations, TEM, contingencies) 2. QNH – Set aerodrome QNH. 3. Power -- AS REQUIRED. 4. Mixture -- ENRICHEN on descent, full rich for idle power. 5. Fuel Selector Valve -- FULLEST TANK. 6. Wing Flaps -- AS REQUIRED (Vfe -- 71 KIAS).


BEFORE LANDING 1. Brake -- PRESSURE and OFF. 2. Undercarriage -- DOWN and LOCKED. 3. Mixture -- RICH (Set Fully AFT). 4. Fuel -- SUFFICIENT and FULLEST TANK SELECTED. 5. Instruments -- TEMPERATURES and PRESSURES in the GREEN. 6. Switches -- MAGS both, MASTER on, LIGHTS as required. 7. Harnesses and Hatches -- LOCKED and SECURE. LANDING NORMAL LANDING 1. Airspeed -- 70 KIAS (flaps UP). 2. Flaps -- AS REQUIRED (Vfe -- 71 KIAS). 3. Airspeed -- 60 KIAS (flaps FULL). 4. Power -- REDUCE to idle as obstacles are cleared. 5. Trim -- ADJUST as desired. 6. Touchdown -- MAIN WHEELS FIRST. 7. Landing Roll -- ALLOW TAIL WHEEL TO SETTLE ON IT’S OWN. 8. Braking -- MINIMUM REQUIRED. SHORT FIELD LANDING 1. Airspeed -- 70 KIAS (Flaps UP). 2. Wing Flaps -- FULL DOWN. 3. Airspeed -- 55 KIAS (until flare). 4. Trim -- ADJUST as desired. 5. Power -- REDUCE to idle after clearing obstacles. 6. Touchdown -- THREE POINT LANDING. 7. Brakes -- APPLY AS REQUIRED. 8. Wing Flaps -- RETRACT for maximum brake effectiveness. BALKED LANDING 1. THROTTLE -- FULL OPEN. 2. Flaps

a. Full - CLIMB SPEED 60 KIAS. b. ½ - CLIMB SPEED 65 KIAS

3. Flaps -- RETRACT slowly after reaching a safe altitude and 65 KIAS.


AFTER LANDING CLEAR CHECK 1. C - Cleared of RWY & Cleared to Taxi? 2. L - Lights: Strobes – ON, others off (Keep Nav ON if NVFR) 3. E - Engine: T&P green, flaps – retract 4. A - ALT – switch to standby 5. R - Radio – switch to GND SHUT DOWN/SECURING AEROPLANE 1. Brake -- SET (if required). 2. After Landing Checks -- CONFIRM COMPLETED. 3. Throttle -- 1000 RPM. 4. Lights – CONFIRM OFF. 5. Radio -- OFF. 6. Magnetos -- OFF 7. Throttle -- AS POWER DROPS THROUGH 400 RPM, FULLY OPEN, THEN

CLOSED ONCE ENGINE HAS STOPPED. 8. Magnetos -- OFF (Both Cockpits). 9. Master Switch -- OFF. 10. Aeroplane interior -- TIDY. 11. Running Sheet Figures -- COMPLETE. 12. BRAKE -- OFF, chock if necessary. 13. Control Lock -- STICK SECURED WITH SEATBELT AS REQUIRED. 14. Pitot Cover -- INSTALL.


Checklists – Emergency Procedures INTRODUCTION Emergencies caused by aeroplane or engine malfunctions are extremely rare if proper pre-flight inspections and maintenance are performed. Should an emergency arise the basic guidelines described in this section and the approved flight manual should be considered and applied as necessary to correct the problem. Procedures in this section shown in bold faced type are immediate action items that should be committed to memory. AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION -- 70 KIAS ENGINE FAILURES ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL 1. Throttle -- IDLE. 2. Stick -- FULLY AFT ONCE TAILWHEEL IS ON GROUND. 3. Brakes -- APPLY. 4. Magnetos -- OFF. ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 1. Airspeed -- 70 KIAS. 2. Fuel Selector -- OFF. 3. Magnetos -- OFF. 4. Master -- OFF. 5. Land -- 30° EITHER SIDE OF THE NOSE.


FORCED LANDINGS EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 1. Restart -- IF ALTITUDE PERMITS (>1500’ AGL). 2. Seats and Seat Belts -- SECURE. 3. Airspeed -- 70 KIAS 4. Fuel Selector -- OFF. 5. Magnetos -- OFF. 6. Master -- OFF. 7. Canopy -- OPEN PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN. 8. Stick -- FULLY AFT ONCE TAILWHEEL IS ON GROUND 9. Brakes -- APPLY AS REQUIRED. RESTARTING ENGINE DURING FLIGHT 1. Magnetos -- ON. 2. Fuel -- FULLEST TANK. 3. Starter -- CRANK IF PROP IS STOPPED.

If engine does not start, carry out forced landing procedure. PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1. Seat Belts -- SECURE. 2. Airspeed -- 65 KIAS. 3. Selected Field -- FLY OVER, NOTE TERRAIN AND OBSTRUCTIONS. 4. Airspeed -- 55 KIAS. 5. Canopy -- OPEN PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN. 6. Magnetos -- OFF. 7. Stick -- FULL AFT ONCE TAILWHEEL IS ON GROUND. 8. Brakes -- APPLY AS REQUIRED.


DITCHING 1. Radio -- TRANSMIT MAYDAY on 121.5 MHz or appropriate frequency,

giving location and intentions 2. Seat Belts -- SECURE. 3. Approach -- High Winds, Heavy Seas –- INTO THE WIND. Light Winds, Heavy Swells -– PARALLEL TO SWELLS. 4. Canopy -- OPEN AS REQUIRED (consider PAX). 5. Touchdown -- STALL IN THREE POINT ATTITUDE. 6. Expect -- AIRCRAFT TO COME TO REST FLOATING IN NOSE DOWN

ATTITUDE. 7. ELT -- Activate. 8. Aeroplane -- EVACUATE. 9. Life Vests and Raft -- INFLATE WHEN CLEAR OF AEROPLANE. FIRES ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND 1. Throttle -- CLOSE. 2. Fuel -- OFF. 3. Magnetos -- OFF. 4. Parking Brake -- OFF. 5. Fire Extinguisher -- DISCHARGE ON FIRE. ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Throttle -- CLOSE. 2. Fuel -- OFF. 3. RAISE NOSE TO REDUCE AIRSPEED AND RPM.

Execute forced landing procedure

LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE 1. Approach -- NORMAL. 2. Touchdown -- GOOD MAIN TYRE FIRST, hold aeroplane off flat tyre as

long as possible with aileron control.


PASSENGER BRIEFINGS It is important to brief your passengers thoroughly prior to flight, and also keep passengers updated during the flight. Included are some suggestions for items to be included in your briefs. PRIOR TO GOING AIRSIDE § Passengers should stay with you while airside for security and safety. § No smoking anywhere while airside or in the aircraft. § Stay away from other aircraft and be alert to hazards. § Overview of flight and expected flying conditions. § Does anybody require the toilet before we take-off? ON THE GROUND § Don’t scare your passengers by talking about engine failures, fires, or

similar – simply ensure they are told to follow your instructions and know how to operate the doors and/or emergency exits.

§ Adjustment of seat belts and seat position. § Location of sick bags. § An intercom is provided so passengers can easily communicate. § Passengers to minimise chat when radio is busy, or as requested. § Front seat passenger should be encouraged to point out any aircraft

spotted that might be of conflict – another set of eyes is always useful. § Front seat passenger briefed on not interfering with controls. § If any passengers have any concerns during the flight they should be

encouraged to raise them. § Be sure to ask your passengers if they have any questions. § Encourage passengers to read the self-briefing cards if available. IN FLIGHT § A running commentary of sights that can be seen, locations flown over

and how the flight is progressing can be useful. § Update your passengers about any change of plans. § Check on the status of your passengers regularly.

Should a situation arise in flight you should remain calm. Communicate clearly and confidently the situation and your intentions to passengers.


SELF BRIEFING - DEPARTURE A takeoff briefing should clearly state your plan-of-action for both when everything goes as planned and when they do not!

“He who fails to plan, plans to fail!” You should brief yourself on the following points: § How you plan on taking off and departing the aerodrome.

§ Consider any threats relevant to the departure and manage them. § Reasons for an aborted takeoff and how to execute it.

§ Dealing with an engine failure with runway remaining. § Dealing with an engine failure at low level with no runway remaining.

SELF BRIEFING - ARRIVAL The arrival is the single most demanding phase of flight, and the one that carries the highest risk. As with a departure briefing, a thorough self brief on arrival is the key to a smooth and arrival. You should brief yourself on the following points: § How you plan on conducting your approach to the aerodrome, and what

clearance or joining procedure you anticipate based on ATIS / AWIS.

Example: Join upwind for RWY 06 at 1,800ft descending on upwind to 1,300ft. § Any NOTAMS relevant to your approach and landing.

Example: RWY 10/28 closed due soft wet surface.

§ Consider any threats relevant to the arrival and manage them.

Example: Particularly strong crosswind and in-to-wind runway not available. - Revise crosswind procedure, be go-around minded if unstable. - Consider diversion if necessary.

§ The type of approach and landing you plan on making.

Example: Reduced flap setting due to strong winds, final speed 65-75kts.

§ If needing to go-around, the actions required to execute the procedure.

Example: Full power, raise nose, establish positive climb, flaps up slowly, communicate with ATC or other aircraft.


THREAT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT TEM is an approach to flying that seeks to equip the pilot with the skills to recognise and counter everyday problems which, if ignored, could result in accidents or incidents. Not all threats can be anticipated, it is unrealistic to make contingency plans to try to cover unexpected events. Experience shows that many threats can be anticipated, the first step is to identify likely threats. Once a threat has been identified, it must be managed.

If you identify a threat that cannot be managed you should not go flying! Example Threat Management High number of aircraft operating at aerodrome

Extra vigilance of traffic in the circuit through visual means and radio monitoring.

Tower closed, CTAF procedures in operation

Without additional safety of tower protection maintain an enhanced lookout and radio monitoring.

Short Runway Ensure correct short field take-off or landing procedures are used and that performance has been confirmed.

Terrain or obstacles Maintain enhanced situational awareness, also modify departure or arrival as appropriate.

Landing in to setting sun Use another runway if possible. Wear sunglasses and be go-around minded if unhappy with any aspect of the approach.

Adverse Weather ie. Crosswind on landing

Ensure correct crosswind procedures are adopted and you are up to the task (aircraft and/or crosswind recency). Be go-around minded if the approach or landing becomes unstable. Request an alternate runway if operationally required or preferred.

Your recency Study aircraft procedures prior to flight and take extra time to perform checks and monitor your own performance, or take a safety pilot.

Aircraft status ie. COM1 distorted / unreadable

Utilise COM2 for primary communications if available, otherwise divert or abort flight after troubleshooting.

NOTAMS Familiarise yourself with changes to regular procedures and include in departure or arrival briefs.

ERROR MANAGEMENT The TEM model accepts that it is unavoidable that pilots, as human beings, will make errors. While errors may be inevitable, safety of flight requires that errors that occur are identified and managed before flight safety margins are compromised. Identification of errors requires aircraft/systems/procedure knowledge and situational awareness. Analyse your own performance and identify errors before they lead to an undesired aircraft state or more serious error.


USEFUL INFORMATION Location Frequency

Camden Tower / CTAF(R) 120.1

Ground 121.9

ATIS / AWIS 125.1

NDB 281

Training Area Sydney Radar 124.55

Bankstown Preferred diversion airport

Tower / CTAF(R) 132.8

Ground 119.9

ATIS / AWIS 120.9

NDB 416

Wedderburn CTAF 122.55

The Oaks CTAF 126.7

Airborne Aviation Airborne Base 119.2

Phone (02) 4655 7200

SYDNEY/Bankstown (YSBK)

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