Upload
navyaraonavi
View
215
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 dfs2627
1/79
8/10/2019 dfs2627
2/79
DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT
We P.N#"!+! !e"#$%& Ro"" No -E)A)''/ #+d 0.N#vy# !e"#$%&
Ro"" No -E)A)''- " !'%"$e *+,e%+ ' Hyder#b#d I+1$!$2$e O
Te34+o"o5y A+d M#+#5e6e+$ -', $/e +' e"#e +"+ +e #'3e+ +$+e
7Dee3$ Tr#38!+5 Sy1$e69.A "#+$" ,$e%+ ' B.Te $%$#'3e+ '
"-""#" Ne#, Te%''&$" U%$e#*$+8 H8e#"!" $* ',# '#$&$%" -'#/ $%
+e 8e"# 2010 ,%e# +e &,$"%e ' M1.0!:#y"#8146!,A**+.P#'e**'# ' +e
IT Dep#r$6e+$.
P.N#"!+! 0.N#vy#
(-E)A)''/& (-E)A)''-&
DATE
2
8/10/2019 dfs2627
3/79
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
HYDERABAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENTHYDERABAD
CERTIFICATE
T$* $* +' e#+$8 +"+ $+ $* " !'%"$e -'#/ '% Defect Tracking System"*
!ee% *,!$++e !8 M*.P.NALINI (HT.N'.07E51A1226) "% M*.V.NAVYA
(HT.N'.07E51A1227) $% "#+$" ,$e%+ ' +e #e9,$#ee%+* '# +e "-"# '
eee ' M"*+e# ' Te%''&8 $% C',+e# :$e%e "% E%&$%ee#$%& ,#$%& +e""e$ 8e"# 20102011. T$* -'#/ $* %'+ *,!$++e +' "%8 U%$e#*$+8 '# +e "-"#
' "%8 ;eee
8/10/2019 dfs2627
4/79
AC;NO#e** 8 e"#+e+ +"%/* +' Pro. T.0. NARAYANA RAOHe" '
+e e"#+e%+ H8e#"!" I%*+$+,+e ' Te%''&8 = M"%"&ee%+ H8e#"!" '#
$* '%+$%,',* e%',#"&ee%+ "% +$e8 *,&&e*+$'%* '# +e *,e**, 'e+$'%
' 8 #'3e+.
I e>#e** 8 e"#+e+ +"%/* +' Br5. R#v!+dr# N#$4 C4o=d#ry,P#$%$"
H8e#"!" I%*+$+,+e ' Te%''&8 = M"%"&ee%+ H8e#"!" '# &$$%& ,* +$*
''#+,%$+8 '# +e *,e**, 'e+$'% ' 8 eee.
I -', !e 9,$+e '*+ -$+',+ +e &,$"%e ' +e B.Te Te"$%& *+" '
H8e#"!" I%*+$+,+e ' Te%''&8 = M"%"&ee%+. I "*' +"%/ '+e# +e"$%& "%
%'%+e"$%& *+" '# +e$# "**$*+"%e "% e. A!'e " I +"%/ 8 "#e%+*. I ee
ee *e%*e ' "+$+,e '# 8 "$8 -' '#e "#+ ' 8 $*$'%. F$%"8 I +"%/
'%e "% " +"+ "e '%+#$!,+e $#e+8 '# $%$#e+8 +' +$* +e*$*
2
8/10/2019 dfs2627
5/79
ABSTRACT
;ee+ T#"/$%& '# I#'$%& P#',+ ?,"$+8 "% P#',+$$+8 (;T:) $* "%
",+'"+e *8*+e +"+ "% !e ,*e, +' e'8ee* "% +e "%"&e#* $% "%8 ,%+$'%"
'#&"%$@"+$'%. ;T: &$e* +e "$$+8 +' e$%e +e +"*/* $% +e '#&"%$@"+$'% "% "*'
"'-* +e "%"&e#* +' +#"/ +e ee+* *e%+ !8 +e e'8ee '# +"+ "#+$,"# +"*/.
A #e'#+ &e%e#"+$'% "$$+8 $* *,'#+e $% ;T: +"+ "'-* +e "%"&e#* +' "%"8@e
-$"#e +'*e */$* !8 e'8ee "#e ,+$$@e "% +'*e -$ "#e %'+ ,+$$@e. T$*
+'' "% e "%"&e#* '# ee+ e*+$"+$'% e# ''%e%+. T$* +'' e*
e'8ee* +' ',e%+ +e$# ee+* "% "%"8@e
T$* #'3e+ "$* "+ #e"+$'% ' " ;ee+ T#"/e# :8*+e. T$* #'3e+ -$ !e
"e**$!e +' " "%,"+,#e#* "% $+* "$$+8 "'-* "%,"+,#e#* +' ',* '%
#e"+$%& +e "+"!"*e *e" "% -$e e++$%& +e "$"+$'% *e#e# e$%e +"!e
!"*e '% +e $e* $% :P "% #e"+$'%*$* !e+-ee% +e.
Ob:e3$!ve1
Te '!3e+$e* ' +$* *8*+e "#e
T' /ee +#"/ ' e'8ee */$* "% !"*e '% +e */$* "**$&%$%& ' +e +"*/
$* '%e +' "% e'8ee.
E'8ee 'e* ee+ "+,#$%&. I+ "% !e '%e '% "$8 !"*$*.
V"#$',* Re'#+* "#e &e%e#"+e !8 +$* :8*+e '# "% e'8ee "% "* -e "* +' "
"%"&e#
8/10/2019 dfs2627
6/79
TABLE OF CONTENTS
C4#p$er De13r!p$!o+
). INTRODUCTION
1.1 V$*$'%
1.2 :'e
1. O!3e+$e*
1.4 L$+e#"+,#e :,#e8
'. SYSTEM STUDY AND ANALYSIS
2.1 E>$*+$%& :8*+e
2.2 P#''*e :8*+e
2. M',e*
2.4 :'+-"#e :e$$"+$'%
2.5 H"#-"#e :e$$"+$'%
2.6 Te%''&$e* U*e
3. SYSTEM DESIGN .1 I%+#',+$'%
) .2 ;F; ;$""
' . UML ;$""*
> .? ;"+"!"*e ;e*$&%
?
4. IMPLEMENTATION
. TESTING AND DEBUGGING
/ /. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
-
@ 7. CONCLUSION
) @. REFERENCES
4
8/10/2019 dfs2627
7/79
INTRODUCTION
;ee+ T#"/$%& '# I#'$%& P#',+ ?,"$+8 "% P#',+$$+8 (;T:) $* "%
",+'"+e *8*+e +"+ "% !e ,*e, +' e'8ee* "% +e "%"&e#* $% "%8 ,%+$'%"
'#&"%$@"+$'%. ;T: &$e* +e "$$+8 +' e$%e +e +"*/* $% +e '#&"%$@"+$'% "% "*'
"'-* +e "%"&e#* +' +#"/ +e ee+* *e%+ !8 +e e'8ee '# +"+ "#+$,"# +"*/.
A #e'#+ &e%e#"+$'% "$$+8 $* *,'#+e $% ;T: +"+ "'-* +e "%"&e#* +' "%"8@e
-$ "#e +'*e */$* !8 e'8ee "#e ,+$$@e "% +'*e -$ "#e %'+ ,+$$@e. T$*
+'' "% e "%"&e#* '# ee+ e*+$"+$'% e# ''%e%+. T$* +'' e*
e'8ee* +' ',e%+ +e$# ee+* "% "%"8@e
).) 0!1!o+
Te ,#'*e ' ;ee+ T#"/$%& '# I#'$%& P#',+ ?,"$+8 "% P#',+$$+8 $* +'
#'$e !e++e# *e#$e +' +e "$%$*+#"+'# '# ,*e, '# "$"+$'%* ee'e $% "%
'#&"%$@"+$'%.
).' S3ope
Te ;ee+ T#"/$%& '# I#'$%& P#',+ ?,"$+8 "% P#',+$$+8 $* " -e! !"*e
"$"+$'% +"+ "% !e "e**e +#',&',+ +e '#&"%$@"+$'%. T$* *8*+e "% !e ,*e
'# '&&$%& ee+* "&"$%*+ "% "$"+$'%
8/10/2019 dfs2627
8/79
).> Ob:e3$!ve1
Te '!3e+$e* ' +$* *8*+e "#e
T' /ee +#"/ ' e'8ee */$* "% !"*e '% +e */$* "**$&%$%& ' +e +"*/
$* '%e +' "% e'8ee.
E'8ee 'e* ee+ "+,#$%&. I+ "% !e '%e '% "$8 !"*$*.
V"#$',* Re'#+* "#e &e%e#"+e !8 +$* :8*+e '# "% e'8ee "% "* -e "* +' "
"%"&e#.
Te '!3e+$e ' ee+ #ee%+$'% $* +' $e%+$8 +e ee+* "% +"/e '##e+$e "+$'%
+' e%*,#e +e8 "#e %'+ #ee"+e 'e# *,!*e9,e%+ $+e#"+$e 8e*. ;ee+ #ee%+$'% "%
!e $ee%+e !8 #e"#$%& "% "+$'% "% +' $%$$@e '# e$$%"+e ee+*
&e%e#"+$%& ee+ e+#$* e$%$%& '##e+$e "+$'% "% #',$%& "% "%"8*$* ' +e
#''+ ",*e* ' +e ee+*.
).> LITERATURE SUR0EY
;ee+ +#"/$%& $* +e #'e** ' $%$%& ee+* $% " #',+ (!8 $%*e+$'% +e*+$%& '#
#e'#$%& ee!"/ #' ,*+'e#*) "% "/$%& %e- e#*$'%* ' +e #',+ +"+ $>
+e ee+*. ;ee+ +#"/$%& $* $'#+"%+ $% *'+-"#e e%&$%ee#$%& "* 'e> *'+-"#e
*8*+e* +8$"8 "e +e%* '# ,%#e* '# +',*"%* ' ee+* "%"&$%& e","+$%&
"% #$'#$+$@$%& +e*e ee+* $* " $$,+ +"*/ ee+ +#"/$%& *8*+e* "#e ',+e#
"+"!"*e *8*+e* +"+ *+'#e ee+* "% e e'e +' "%"&e +e.
6
8/10/2019 dfs2627
9/79
A "3'# ''%e%+ ' " ee+ +#"/$%& *8*+e $* " "+"!"*e +"+ #e'#* "+* "!',+
/%'-% !,&*. F"+* "8 $%,e +e +$e " ee+ -"* #e'#+e $+* *ee#$+8 +e
e##'%e',* #'" !e"$',# "% e+"$* '% '- +' #e#',e +e ee+ "* -e "*
+e $e%+$+8 ' +e e#*'% -' #e'#+e $+ "% "%8 #'"e#* -' "8 !e -'#/$%&
'% $>$%& $+.
T8$" ee+ +#"/$%& *8*+e* *,'#+ +e '%e+ ' +e $e 8e '# " e+e+
-$ $* +#"/e +#',& *+"+,* "**$&%e +' +e !,&. A ee+ +#"/$%& *8*+e *',
"'- "$%$*+#"+'#* +' '%$&,#e e#$**$'%* !"*e '% *+"+,* 'e +e !,& +'
"%'+e# *+"+,* '# ee+e +e ee+. Te *8*+e *', "*' "'- "$%$*+#"+'#* +'
'%$&,#e +e !,& *+"+,*e* "% +' -"+ *+"+,* " ee+ $% " "#+$,"# *+"+,* "% !e
'e. :'e *8*+e* -$ e"$ $%+e#e*+e "#+$e* *, "* +e *,!$++e# "%
"**$&%e #'"e#* -e% %e- #e'#* "#e "e '# +e *+"+,* "%&e*.
7
8/10/2019 dfs2627
10/79
SYSTEM STUDY AND ANALYSIS
'.) EISTING SYSTEM
Te e>$*+$%& *8*+e '%*$*+* ' e%+e#$%& +e e+"$* $% +e M$#'*'+
E>e :ee+* '# +e *+'#$%& ' +e "+". We% " "%"&e# %ee* $%'#"+$'% ' +e
e'8ee e *e"#e* '# +e *e$$e $e $% +e $e *8*+e. He 'e%* +e $e "%
+"/e* +e $%'#"+$'%. Re'#+ Ge%e#"+$'% '%e "%,"8 !8 '8$%& +e '%+e%+ ' +e
$e#e%+ $e* $%+' "%'+e# $e. Te M"%,"8 &e%e#"+e #e'#+ -"* +e% #$%+e.
L!6!$#$!o+1 !+ E!1$!+5 Sy1$e6
I%'#"+$'% #e+#$e" $* " e#8 !$& #'e**.
L"/ ' '#&"%$@"+$'% ' +e $e* "8 '#% +' $%'#"+$'% '** ,e +' "$e%+"
ee+$'% ' $e*.
N' *e,#$+8 !e",*e +e $e* "#e $*$!e +' +e ,*e#*.
Re'#+ &e%e#"+$'% -$ !e " !$& +"*/.
'.' PROPOSED STSTEM
Te P#''*e *8*+e $* " -e!"$"+$'% -$ $* 'e+e8 #e"+e +'
'%$%e *8*+e -$ #'$e* +e e%+#"$@e "+"!"*e. I+ *+'#e* ee+* "+" "% e*#$+$'%
' +e "#+$,"# ee+ "+". I+ "% "*' #e"+e E>e #e'#+* "% P;F ',e%+* !"*e '% +e
$%'#"+$'% $% $+* "+"!"*e.
Adv#+$#5e1 over E!1$!+5 Sy1$e6
Te e#'#"%e $* $%#e"*e ,e +' -e e*$&%e "+"!"*e.
:e,#$+8 $* $%#e"*e
D
8/10/2019 dfs2627
11/79
T$e *"$%& $% #e'#+ &e%e#"+$'%
E"*8 +' ,"+e +e e+"$*
'.> MODULES
)&E6p"oyee Mod2"e
T$* ',e $* '*+8 +"#&e+e '% +e #e9,$#ee%+* ' +e e'8ee -e#e
+e e'8ee "% $e- "% ,"+e $* e#'#"%e. :'e ' +e "+$$+$e* '
"% e'8ee +"+ -e#e $%+e"+e $% +$* ',e "#e. A E'8ee "% #e&$*+e#$ *e +' +e *8*+e. A e'8ee "% '& $% +' +e *8*+e. A E'8ee "%
"%&e $* "**-'#. He "% ,"+e $* #'$e He "% U"+e $* :/$* e
"% #e"#e " *e,e '# $* +"*/* He "% $e- +e +"*/ *+"+,* He "%
"%&e $* "%"&e#.
'&M#+#5er Mod2"eTe "%"&e# ',e* e" -$+ +e #'e* ' +e "%"&e# -$ "#e $%+e"+e
$%+' +e *8*+e. A M"%"&e# "% ' " +e +"*/* +"+ +e e'8ee "% ' $%
$* ',e $% "$+$'% +' +"+ *'e *e$" +"*/* +"+ " "%"&e# "% ' "#e
A< ;ee+e e'8ee* A < ;ee+e +"*/* "% V$e- Be%.
SYSTEM REUIREMENTS
Te $%$, "#-"#e "% *'+-"#e #e9,$#ee%+* '# +e " e%+e# "%"&ee%+
"$"+$'% "#e &$e% !e'-.
'.? SOFT
8/10/2019 dfs2627
12/79
;"+"!"*e O#"e"e "% "e+
"% !e "% "%$"+$'% -$+ *',% "% $%+e#"+$e &"e '# " +$/e# +"e -$+ '%*+"%+8
10
8/10/2019 dfs2627
13/79
,"+e *+'/ #$e*. Ae+* "% !e *e#$',* "$"+$'% $/e -'# #'e**'# '#
*#e"*ee+.
B,+ "" $* '#e +"% " #'"$%& "%&,"&e '# -#$+$%& "e+*. I+ $* !e$%& ,*e
'#e "% '#e '# -#$+$%& *+"%"'%e "$"+$'%* "* -e. I+ $* !e'$%& *' ',"#
+"+ "%8 e'e !e$ee $+ -$ !e'e *+"%"# "%&,"&e '# !'+ &e%e#" ,#'*e
"% I%+e#%e+ #'"$%&. Te#e "#e "%8 !,@@-'#* "**'$"+e -$+ "" !,+
!e",*e ' $+* *e+","# '-+ $% ',"#$+8 " %e- !,@@-'# "* "e"#e
,!$9,$+',*. I%ee " $%$"+$'%* "#e +"+ $+ -$ *''% !e ee#8-e#e.
"" !,$* '% +e *+#e%&+ ' CKK. I+ "* +"/e% +e !e*+ e"+,#e* ' CKK "%
$*"#e +e '#e #'!e"+$ "% e##'# #'%e "#+*. T' +$* e"% '#e $+ "* "e
&"#!"&e 'e+$'% (",+'"+$ e'#8 "%"&ee%+) ,+$+#e"$%& (+e ""$+8 '#
'%e #'" +' ' '#e +"% '%e +$%& "+ " +$e) *e,#$+8 ""!$$+$e*. Te #e*,+ $*
*$e ee&"%+ '-e#, "% e"*8 +' ,*e.
"" $* "+,"8 " "+'# '%*$*+$%& ' +#ee ''%e%+*
"" P#'"$%& L"%&,"&e.
"" L$!#"#8 ' C"**e* "% I%+e#"e*.
"" V$#+," M"$%e.
I+ "*' "* " :+"%"#$@e *e+ ' P"/"&e* (C"** I%+e#"e*)
C#e"+$%& G#"$" U*e# I%+e#"e*
C'%+#'$%& M,+$e$" ;"+"
C',%$"+$%& 'e# Ne+-'#/
11
8/10/2019 dfs2627
14/79
8/10/2019 dfs2627
15/79
',* '% -"+ 8', "#e e"$%& -$+ #"+e# +"% '% '- 8', "#e &'$%& +' '
*'e+$%&. T$* "/e* $+ '#e ,*e, '# #'"$%& $% *'$*+$"+e #'3e+*
!e",*e '%e "% !#e"/ +e +$%&* '-% $%+' ,%e#*+"%"!e ''%e%+*. A !$& !e%e$+
$* +"+ +e*e ''%e%+* "% +e% !e #e,*e.
O!3e+ '#$e%+e "%&,"&e* ,*e +e "#"$& ' "**e*. I% *$e*+ +e# " "**
$%,e* !'+ +e "+" "% +e ,%+$'%* +' 'e#"+e '% +e "+". Y', "% #e"+e "%
$%*+"%e ' " "** "*' "e "% '!3e+ -$ -$ "e " +e "+" e!e#* "%
,%+$'%"$+8 ' $+* "**. Be",*e ' +$* 8', "% +$%/ ' " "** "* !e$%& $/e
+e"+e -$+ e" '!3e+ !e$%& " *e$$ $%*+"%e ' " "#+$,"# +8e ' "**.
'./.).'.> %A0A MA;ES IT EASY TO
8/10/2019 dfs2627
16/79
M"/e* "" e"*$e# +' e"#% "% ,*e '##e+8. "" /ee $+ *$e !8 "$%& 3,*+ '%e
-"8 +' ' *'e+$%& $%*+e" ' "$%& *ee#" "+e#%"+$e* "* $% *'e "%&,"&e*.
"" "*' *+"8* e"% !8 %'+ $%,$%& ,+$e $%e#$+"%e -$ e$$%"+e* +e e##'#*
"% "!$&,$+8 +"+ "#$*e -e% 8', #e"+e " *,!"** +"+ $%e#$+* #' +-' '# '#e
"**e*. "" e+* 8', " ,%+$'%"$+8 +' " "** +#'-* !8 +e ,*e ' $%+e#"e*.
2.6.2.4 AVA INCLU;E: A LIBRARY OF CLA::E: AN;
INTERFACE:
Te "" "+'# $%,e* "% e>+e%*$e "** $!#"#8 *' +"+ #'"e#* "% ,*e
"#e"8 e>$*+$%& "**e* "* $+ $* #e"+e *,!"**e* +' '$8 e>$*+$%& "**e* '#
$ee%+ $%+e#"e* +' ",&e%+ +e ""!$$+$e* ' "**e*.
B'+ "**e* "% $%+e#"e* '%+"$% "+" e!e#* ($e*) "% ,%+$'%* (e+'*)
!,+ +e#e "#e "3'# $e#e%e*. I% " "** $e* "8 !e e$+e# "#$"!e '# '%*+"%+
"% e+'* "#e ,8 $ee%+e. I% "% $%+e#"e $e* ,*+ !e '%*+"%+* "%
e+'* "#e 3,*+ #'+'+8e* -$+ %' $ee%+"+$'%*. Te #'+'+8e* &$e +e e+'
*$&%"+,#e (+e #e+,#% +8e +e ,%+$'% %"e "% +e %,!e# ' "#"e+e#* -$+ +e
+8e '# e" "#"e+e#) !,+ +e #'"e# ,*+ *,8 $ee%+"+$'%*.
T' ,*e "% $%+e#"e " #'"e# e$%e* " "** e"#e* +"+ $+ $ee%+* +e
I%+e#"e "% +e% $ee%+* " +e e+'* $% +"+ $%+e#"e "* "#+ '
+e "**. Te*e e+'* "#e $ee%+e $% " -"8 +"+ $* "#'#$"+e '#
+e "** $% -$ +e e+'* "#e !e$%& ,*e. I%+e#"e* e+ '%e "
,%+$'%"$+8 +' " "** "% &$e " e"+ e" ' e>$!$$+8 $% '$%& $+. I%
'+e# -'#* $%+e#"e* #'$e '*+ ' +e ""%+"&e* ' ,+$e
$%e#$+"%e -$+',+ $+* $*""%+"&e*.
14
8/10/2019 dfs2627
17/79
A p#38#5e !1 # 3o""e3$!o+ o re"#$ed %#v# 3"#11e1 #+d !+$er#3e1. T4e o""o=!+5 "!1$,
$4o254 +o$ 3o6p"e$e, 5!ve1 e#6p"e o 1o6e %#v# p#38#5e1 #+d =4#$ $4ey 3over.
""."%& Te !"*$ "**e*. T$* "/"&e $* *' !"*$ +"+ $+ ",+'"+$"8 $*
$%,e $% "%8 "" #'". I+ $%,e* "**e* e"$%& -$+ %,e#$
*+#$%&* '!3e+* #,%+$e *e,#$+8 "% +#e"*.
"".$' C"**e* +"+ "%"&e* #e"$%& "+" #' $%,+ *+#e"* "% -#$+$%& "+"
+' +e ',+,+ *+#e"*.
"".,+$ M$*e"%e',* ,+$$+8 "**e* $%,$%& &e%e#$ "+" *+#,+,#e* !$+
*e+* +$e "+e +e *+#$%& "%$,"+$'% #"%' %,!e# &e%e#"+$'% *8*+e
#'e#+$e* %'+$$"+$'% "% e%,e#"+$'% ' "+" *+#,+,#e*.
"".%e+ C"**e* '# %e+-'#/ *,'#+.
""."-+ C"**e* +"+ "%"&e ,*e# $%+e#"e ''%e%+* *, "* -$%'-*
$"'& !'>e* !,++'%* e/!'>e* $*+* e%,* *#'!"#* "% +e>+ $e* +e
AWT *+"%* '# A!*+#"+ W$%'- T''/$+.
""."-+.$"&e C"**e* '# "%"&$%& $"&e "+" $%,$%& ''# 'e*
#'$%& ''# $++e#$%& *e++$%& $>e ",e* "% "!!$%& *%"*'+*.
""."e+ Te Ae+ "** -$ #'$e* +e "!$$+8 +' -#$+e "e+* +$*
"/"&e "*' $%,e* *ee#" $%+e#"e* +"+ '%%e+ "% "e+ +' $+*
',e%+* "% +' $+* ',e%+ "% +' $+* ',e%+ "% +' #e',#*e* '#
"8$%& ",$'.
"".*9 Te ;BC API "**e* "% $%+e#"e* +"+ "e** "+"!"*e* "% *e%
:?L :+"+ee%+*.
15
8/10/2019 dfs2627
18/79
Te $#*+ +#ee "/"&e* $*+e 3""."%& 3"".$' "% 3"".,+$ '# +e ',%"+$'%
+e8 "#e !"*$ "**e* "% $%+e#"e* '# &e%e#",#'*e #'"$%&.
"" ee'e%+ /$+ e#*$'%1.1 "e *'e %e- "/"&e* -$+ ;BC !e$%& '%e '
+e. O+e# %e- "/"&e* $%,e *, +$%& "* Re'+e Me+' I%'"+$'% :e,#$+8
"% "" Be"%* +e %e- API '# #e"+$%& #e,*"!e ''%e%+*.
I% "" "/"&e* *e#e "* +e ',%"+$'% '# !,$$%& '+e# "/"&e* "* $*,**e $%
+e ''-$%& *e+$'%.
'./.).'.?.) %A0A IS ETENSIBLE
A !$& ,* '# "" $* +e "+ $+ "% !e e>+e%e. I+ -"* ,#'*e8 -#$++e% +' !e e"%
-$+ +e e"*$* '% '$%& -"+ $+ 'e* e#8 -e $%*+e" ' +#8$%& +' ' ee#8+$%&
#' +e !e&$%%$%& $+ -"* #e+,#% *' +"+ e>+e%$%& $+ $* e#8 e"*8. P#'"e#* "%
'$8 e>$*+$%& "**e* '# -#$+e +e$# '-% %e- "**e* '# +e8 "% -#$+e " -'e %e-
"/"&e. Te ;BC API +e 3"".*9 "/"&e $* '%e e>"e ' " ',%"+$'% ,'%
-$ e>+e%*$'%* "#e !e$%& !,$+. O+e# e>+e%*$'%* "#e !e$%& "e '# -'#/e '% $%
"#e" *, "* ,+$e$" I%+e#%e+ C'e#e '%e#e%$%& "% +ee'%8.
I% "$+$'% +' e>+e%*$'%* +e#e "#e "*' "$% +''* !e$%& ee'e +' "/e e>$*+$%&
""!$$+$e* e"*$e# +' ,*e. F'# e>"e +e#e $* "#e"8 " +'' +"+ e"+8 :$$$e*
#e"+$%& "% "8$%& ',+ G#"$" U*e# I%+e#"e* *, "* e%,* ;$"'& !'>e* "%
!,++'%*.
16
8/10/2019 dfs2627
19/79
'./.).'.?.' SECURITY
I+ $* $'#+"%+ +"+ " #'"e# %'+ !e "!e +' -#$+e *,!e#*$e 'e '#
A$"+$'%* '# "e+*. T$* $* e*e$"8 +#,e -$+ +e I%+e#%e+ !e$%& ,*e '#e "%
'#e e>+e%*$e8 '# *e#$e* *, "* ee+#'%$ 'e#e "% ee+#'%$ $*+#$!,+$'%
' *'+-"#e "% ,+$e$" '%+e%+.
Te "" "+'# !,$* $% *e,#$+8 $% ',# -"8*.
Te -"8 e'#8 $* A'"+e "% "$ ',+ I% "" "% '!3e+J* '"+$'% $%
e'#8 $* %'+ e+e#$%e ,%+$ Te #,%+$e "* ''*e +' C "% CKK -e#e
+e '$e# "/e* e'#8 "8',+ ;e$*$'%*. A* +e #e*,+ " #'"e#
"%%'+ ''/ "+ " "** e$%$+$'% "% $&,#e ',+ '- $+ $&+ !e "$ ',+ $%
e'#8. A*' *$%e "" "* %' '$%+e#* " #'"e# "%%'+ '#&e '$%+e#*
+' e'#8.
Te -"8 $%'$%& 'e $* e/e Te "" $#+," "$%e 'e*%J+ +#,*+ "%8
$%'$%& 'e "% *,!3e+* $+ +' -"+ $* "e !8+e 'e e#$$"+$'%. Te
!8+e 'e Ve#$$e# "#+ ' +e $#+," "$%e e/* +"+ +e '#"+ '
$%'$%& 'e $* '##e+
'./.).'. %A0A PERFORMS e+. "" "* "%8 ""%+"&e* *, "*
"$%& !,$+ $% *e,#$+8 "% !e$%& $%+e##e+e "* -e "* '$e ' "e " '*+
"++"e +' +e. H'-ee# "#$',* '+$$@"+$'%* "e !ee% !,$+ $% "% +e !8+e
'e I%+e##e+e# "% #,% e#8 "*+ +e '*+ $+ 'e*%J+ "e +' ' "%8 e/$%&. A* "
#e*,+ "" "* '%e 9,$+e #e*e+"!8 $% e#'#"%e +e*+*. I+* e#'#"%e %,!e#*
17
8/10/2019 dfs2627
20/79
'# $%+e##e+$%& !8+e 'e* "#e ,*,"8 '#e +"% "e9,"+e +' #,% $%+e#"+$e "$"
e% ,*e# "$"+$'%*.
F'# *$+,"+$'%* +"+ #e9,$#e ,%,*,"8 $& e#'#"%e !8+e 'e* "% !e +#"%*"+e
'% +e 8 &e%e#"+$%& +e $%" "$%e 'e '# +e "#+$,"# CPU '% -$ +e
"$"+$'% $* #,%%$%& "+ #,% +$e. H$& ee $%+e##e+e *#$+$%& "%&,"&e &e%e#"8
'e# e"+ '#+"!$$+8 "% "*+ #'+'+8$%& !,+ ''# e#'#"%e. L'- ee '$e
"%&,"&e $/e C "% CKK 'e# e"+ e#'#"%e !,+ #e9,$#e "#&e "',%+* ' +$e
'# -#$+$%& "% e!,&&$%& 'e !e",*e ' #'!e* -$+ "#e"* *, "* e'#8
"%"&ee%+ '$%+e#* "% ,+$e $%e#$+"%e. "" 'e#* &'' e#'#"%e -$+
+e ""%+"&e* ' $& ee "%&,"&e* !,+ -$+',+ +e $*""%+"&e* ' C "% CKK.
'./.).'./ %A0A IS ROBUST
Te ,+$ "+'#e e%$#'%e%+ ' +e WEB "e* e>+#"'#$%"#8 e"%* '% "
#'" !e",*e $+ ,*+ e>e,+e #e$"!8 $% " "#$e+8 ' *8*+e*. T,* +e "!$$+8 +'
#e"+e #'!,*+ #'"* -"* &$e% " $& #$'#$+8 $% +e e*$&% ' "". T' &"$%
#e$"!$$+8 "" #e*+#$+* 8', $% " e- /e8 "#e"* +' '#e 8', +' $% 8',# $*+"/e*
e"#8 $% #'" ee'e%+*. A+ +e *"e +$e "" #ee* 8', #' "$%& +'
-'##8 "!',+ "%8 ' +e '*+ ''% ",*e ' #'"$%& e##'#*. Be",*e "" $*
*+#$+8 +8e "%&,"&e $+ e/* 8',# 'e "+ '$e +$e. H'-ee# $+ "*' e/*
8',# 'e "+ #,% +$e. I% "+ "%8 "# +' +#"/ '-% !,&* +"+ '+e% +,#% , $% "#
+' #e#',e #,%+$e *$+,"+$'%* "#e *$8 $'**$!e +' #e"+e $% "". %'-$%& +"+
1D
8/10/2019 dfs2627
21/79
-"+ 8', "e -#$++e% -$ !e"e $% " #e$+"!e -"8 ,%e# $e#*e '%$+$'%* $* "
/e8 e"+,#e ' "" +' ,%e#*+"% '- "" #'!,*+.
C'%*$e# +-' "$% #e"*'%* '# #'" "$,#e
Me'#8 "%"&ee%+ $*+"/e* "% $*"%e e>e+$'%" '%$+$'%* (#,%
+$e e##'#*).
Me'#8 "%"&ee%+ "% !e $$,+ +e$',* +"*/ $% +#"$+$'%" #'"$%&
e%$#'%e%+*.
'./.).'.- %A0A SCALES
8/10/2019 dfs2627
22/79
8/10/2019 dfs2627
23/79
'./.'.' REUIREMENTS TO USE %DBC
T' ,*e ;BC 8', %ee " !"*$ /%'-e&e ' "+"!"*e "% :?L. A"#+ #' +$* 8',
%ee +e 3/1.1 ("" ;ee'e%+ $+ 1.1) '# " e#*$'% ' "" *$%e 3/1.1 "%
"!'e 'e !,%e -$+ ;BC *'+-"#e.
A+e# +"+ 8', %ee +' "e " !"/e% "+"!"*e e%&$%e '# -$ " ;BC #$e# $*
""$"!e. We% ;BC #$e#* "#e %'+ ""$"!e ;BCO;BC !#$&e #$e#* "#e ,*e
+' "e** +e "+"!"*e +#',& O;BC. B"/e% $* %'+ %ee -e% ;BC #$e# $*
""!e ' *+'#$%& "% #e+#$e$%& +e "+" $+*e '# $ ;BCO;BC B#$&e "% +e
O;BC #$e# "% !e *+'#e "% #e+#$ee +e $%'#"+$'%.
2.6.2. ;ATABA:E MO;EL:2.6.2. ;ATABA:E MO;EL:
;BC "% "e**$%& +e "+"!"*e +#',& "e+* "% ;BC API $" "% $%+e#e$"+e
*e#e# #e*,+e $% " %e- +8e ' "+"!"*e 'e -$ $* $e#e%+ #' +e $e%+
*e#e#* +#',& -$ +e #e9,e*+ *', &' $+ $* %"e "* *$%&e +$e# +-' +$e# "%
,+$ +$e# "#$+e+,#e.
2.6.2.4 ;BC ;RIVER TYPE:2.6.2.4 ;BC ;RIVER TYPE:
Te ;BC #$e#* +"+ -e "#e "-"#e ' "+ +$* +$e $+ $%+' '%e ' ',# "+e&'#$e*
;BCO;BC !#$&e ,* O;BC #$e# Te "" :'+ !#$&e #',+
#'$e* ;BC "e** $" O;BC #$e#*. N'+e +"+ O;BC !$%"#8 'e
"% $% "%8 "*e* "+"!"*e $e%+ 'e ,*+ !e '"e '% e" $e%+
"$%e +"+ ,*e* +$* #$e#. A* " #e*,+ +$* /$% ' #$e# $* '*+
"#'#$"+e '% " '#'#"+e %e+-'#/ -e#e $e%+ $%*+""+$'%* "#e %'+ "
21
8/10/2019 dfs2627
24/79
"3'# #'!e '# '# "$"+$'% *e#e# 'e -#$++e% $% "" $% +#ee+$e#
"#$+e+,#e.
N"+$eAPI "#+8"" #$e# T$* /$% ' #$e# '%e#+* ;BC "*
$%+' "* '% +e $e%+ API '# O#"e :8!"*e I%'#$> ;B2 '# '+e#
;BM:. N'+e +"+ $/e +e !#$&e #$e# +$* *+8e ' #$e# #e9,$#e* +"+
*'e !$%"#8 'e !e '"e '% e" $e%+ "$%e.
;BCNe+ """ #$e# T$* #$e# +#"%*"+e* ;BC "* $%+' " ;BM:
$%ee%e%+ %e+ #'+'' +"+ $* +e% +#"%*"+e +' " ;BM: #'+'' !8
*e#e#. T$* %e+ *e#e# $e -"#e $* "!e +' '%%e+ $+* """ $e%+* +'
"%8 $e#e%+ "+"!"*e*. Te *e$$ #'+'' ,*e ee%* '% +e
e%'#. I% &e%e#" +$* $* +e '*+ e>$!e ;BC "+e#%"+$e. I+ $* $/e8
+"+ " e%'#* ' +$* *',+$'% -$ #'$e #',+* *,$+"!e '# I%+e#%e+
,*e. I% '#e# '# +e*e #',+* +' "*' *,'#+ I%+e#%e+ "e** +e8 ,*+
"%e +e "$+$'%" #e9,$#ee%+* '# *e,#$+8 "e** +#',& $#e-"*
e+. +"+ +e We! $'*e*. :ee#" e%'#* "#e "$%& ;BC #$e#* +'
+e$# e>$*+$%& "+"!"*e $e -"#e #',+*.
N"+$e#'+'' """ #$e# T$* /$% ' #$e# '%e#+* ;BC "*
$%+' +e %e+-'#/ #'+'' ,*e !8 ;BM: $#e+8. T$* "'-* " $#e+ "
#' +e $e%+ "$%e +' +e ;BM: *e#e# "% $* " #"+$" *',+$'% '#
I%+e#%e+ "e**. :$%e "%8 ' +e*e #'+''* "#e #'#$e+"#8 +e "+"!"*e
e%'#* +e*ee* -$ !e +e #$"#8 *',#e. :ee#" "+"!"*e e%'#*
"e +e*e $% #'e**.
22
8/10/2019 dfs2627
25/79
Ee%+,"8 -e e>e+ +e "*+ +-' #$e#* -$ !e #ee##e -"8 +' "e** "+"!"*eEe%+,"8 -e e>e+ +e "*+ +-' #$e#* -$ !e #ee##e -"8 +' "e** "+"!"*e
#' ;BC. A% +e $#*+ +-' #$e# "+e&'#$e* "#e $%+e#$ *',+$'%* -e#e $#e+ "#' ;BC. A% +e $#*+ +-' #$e# "+e&'#$e* "#e $%+e#$ *',+$'%* -e#e $#e+ "
"" #$e#* "#e %'+ 8e+ ""$"!e. Te "*+ #$e# $* $% *'e *e%*e +e $e" '%e."" #$e#* "#e %'+ 8e+ ""$"!e. Te "*+ #$e# $* $% *'e *e%*e +e $e" '%e.
H'-ee# +e#e "#e "%8 "*e* -e#eH'-ee# +e#e "#e "%8 "*e* -e#e ;BCNe+ """ #$e#"8 !e #ee#"!e."8 !e #ee#"!e.
'./.> HTML
'./.>.) INTRODUCTION
Te H8e# Te>+ M"#/, L"%&,"&e (HTML) $* " *$e "#/, "%&,"&e ,*e +'
#e"+e 8e#+e>+ ',e%+* +"+ "#e '#+"!e #' '%e "+'# +' "%'+e#. HTML
',e%+* "#e :GML ',e%+* -$+ &e%e#$ *e"%+$ +"+ "#e "#'#$"+e '#
#e#e*e%+$%& $%'#"+$'% #' " -$e #"%&e ' "$"+$'%*. T$* *e$$"+$'% e$%e*
HTML e#*$'% .2. HTML .2 "$* +' "+,#e #e'e%e #"+$e "* ' e"#8 6
"% "* *, +' !e ,*e "* " #e"ee%+ '# HTML 2.0(RF1D66).
A *e+ ' $%*+#,+$'%* e!ee $% " ',e%+ $* "e M"#/, L"%&,"&e. Te*e
$%*+#,+$'%* e*#$!e -"+ +e ',e%+ +e>+ e"%* "% '- $+ *', ''/ $/e $% "
$*"8. H8e# Te>+ M"#/, L"%&,"&e (HTML) $* +e "%&,"&e ,*e +' e%'e W'#
W$e We! ',e%+*. I+ $* " ',e%+ "8',+ "% 8e#$%/ *e$$"+$'% "%&,"&e
+"+ e$%e* +e *8%+"> "% "ee%+ ' *e$" e!ee $#e+$'%* +"+ "#e %'+
$*"8e !8 " -e! !#'-*e# !,+ +e* $+ '- +' $*"8 +e '%+e%+* ' +e ',e%+*
$%,$%& +e>+ $"&e* "% '+e# *,'#+e e$".
2
8/10/2019 dfs2627
26/79
'./.>.' USE OF HTML
We! *$+e $* " 'e+$'% ' "&e* ,!$"+$'%* "% ',e%+* +"+ #e*$e '% -e!
*ee#. W$e +e*e "&e ,!$"+$'%* "% " ',e%+ "* " '#"++e $% "%8 *$%&e
'#"+. Y', *', ,*e HTML '# 'e "&e "% " #$"#8 "&e* "% +e *$+e. T$*
-$ e%"!e +e $$'%* ' -e! ,*e#* $+ e"*$8 "e** "% +' +"/e ""%+"&e ' 8',#
-e!*$+e. HTML $* '%*$e#e $#*+ '# '#"++$%& "%8 %e- "+e#$" 8', "% +'
,!$* '% +e -e!. HTML ',e%+* "#e "+'# $%ee%e%+ e"%$%& +"+ +e8
'%J+ '%$# +' "%8 *+"%"#. I +e8 "#e #e"+e #'e#8 8', "% 'e 'e +' "%8
*e#e# "+'# '# 8', "% "e** +e -$+ "%8 '"$%+ --- !#'-*e#.
'./.>.> BLOC; OF HTML
HTML eee%+* e#'# " e$%e +"*/. HTML ,*e* +-' +8e* ' eee%+*
E+8 +"&*('e% +"&*)
C'%+"$%e# +"&*
Te*e +"&* $e# !e",*e ' -"+ +e8 #e#e*e%+. E+8 +"&* #e#e*e%+ '#"++$%&
'%*+#,+* *, "* $%e !#e"/* "% H'#$@'%+" #,e*. C'%+"$%e# +"&* e$%e " *e+$'% '
+e>+ "% *e$8 +e '#"++$%& +e '%+"$%e# '+ " ' +e *ee+e +e>+. A '%+"$%e#
+"& "* !'+ " !e&$%%$%& "% "% e%$%&.
'./.>.? HTML LAYOUT:
A% HTML ',e%+ '%*$*+* ' +e>+ -$ '#$*e* +e '%+e%+ ' +e ',e%+
"% +"&* -$ e$%e* +e *+#,+,#e "% "e"#"%e ' +e ',e%+. Te *+#,+,#e
' "% HTML ',e%+ $* *$e.
HTML
24
8/10/2019 dfs2627
27/79
HEAD
TITLE $4e $!$"e o $4e HTML do326e+$ TITLE
HEAD
BODY
BODY>T$* $* -e#e +e "+," HTML ',e%+*
HTML
'./.>.?.) PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Te $#*+ $%e $.e. HTML +"& HTML +"& $* !e&$%%$%& +"& "% *e'% $%e $* *+"#+$%&
+"& '# e" *e+$'% $* HEA; Te +$# $%e $.e. TITLE '# e>"e #'"
+ *+#$%& +"+ $* $%+e##e+e "* +e
HTML +$+e ' +e ',e%+. Te +"& + +"&*
8/10/2019 dfs2627
28/79
E" ',e%+ "* " e" "% !'8 e$$+e !8 +e HEA; "% BO;Y +"&.
Te e" $* -e#e 8', &$e 8',# HTML ',e%+ " +$+e "% -e#e 8',
$%$"+e '+e# "#"e+e#* +e !#'-*e# "8 ,*e -e% $*"8$%& +e
',e%+. Te !'8 $* -e#e 8', ,+ +e "+," '%+e%+* ' +e HTML
',e%+*. T$* $%,e* +e +e>+ '# $*"8$%& +e +e>+. T"& "*'
#ee#e%e* *e$" "% '+ *'+* +"+ $%/ 8',# ',e%+ +' '+e#
',e%+*.
'./.?
MICROSOFT ACCESS
'./.?.) INTRODUCTION
Ae** $* " "+"!"*e "%"&ee%+ *8*+e. ;"+"!"*e* "#e "% $'#+"%+ "#+ '
ee#8"8 ,*e. We ,*e +e "%8-e#e -e ,*e ',+e#* "+ 'e "% $% +e $e* '
e$$%e e,"+$'% "- !,*$%e** e%&$%ee#$%& "% &'e#%e%+.
A "+"!"*e $* " 'e+$'% ' "+" "% "+* +"+ "#e #e"+e +' " "#+$,"# '!3e+ '#
,#'*e *, "* +#"/$%& ,*+'e# '#e#* '# "$%+"$%$%& " ,*$ 'e+$'%. I 8',#
"+"!"*e $* %'+ *+'#e '% " ',+e# '# '%8 "#+* ' $+ "#e '% +e ',+e# 8', "8
!e +#"/$%& $%'#"+$'% #' " "#$e+8 ' *',#e* +"+ 8', "e +' ''#$%"+e "%
'#&"%$@e 8',#*e.
I% Ae** +e e"#+ ' +e "+"!"*e $* +e T"!e. O%e '# '#e +"!e* '#$*e "
"+"!"*e. I% "$+$'% +' +"!e* " "+"!"*e "% '%+"$% '+e# '!3e+* *, "* 9,e#$e*
#e'#+* '#* "% '+e# ''%e%+*. Te*e '!3e+* "'- 8', +' $e- "% "%$,"+e
+e "+" '%+"$%e $% +e "+"!"*e $% "#$e+8 ' -"8*.
26
8/10/2019 dfs2627
29/79
;"+"!"*e
O!3e+*
;e*#$+$'%
T"!e Te #$"#8 ,%$+* ' " "+"!"*e +"+ *+'#e* $e %"e* $e
e*#$+$'% $e '%+#'* "% $e "+". T"!e* $*"8 ,+$e
#e'#* $% " #'-
8/10/2019 dfs2627
30/79
A+',& +e#e "#e &,$e$%e* +' "**$*+ 8', $% e*$&%$%& 8',# "+"!"*e +e#e $* %'
*, +$%& "* " e#e+ "+"!"*e e*$&%. ;e*$&%$%& $%'#"+$'% *8*+e* "-"8*
$%'e* " eee ' '#'$*e. Te ,#'*e ' +$* "e%$> $* +' #'$e " &e%e#"
'e#$e- ' &'' "+"!"*e e*$&% #$%$e*. Te*e &,$e$%e* *', %'+ !e $e-e
"* "# "% "*+ #,e* !,+ #"+e# *,&&e*+$'%* '# "/$%& 8',# "+"!"*e e*$&%
e$*$'%.
'./.?.'.) DATABASE DESIGN PROCESS
A+',& +e#e $* %' '%e '##e+ -"8 +' #e"+e " "+"!"*e +e#e "#e *'e &e%e#"
*+e* +"+ *'e #'e**$'%" *8*+e* ee'e#* ''-. Te*e *+e* &e%e#"8 #ee+
-"+ $* /%'-% "* +e :8*+e* ;ee'e%+ L$e C8e (:;LC). Te :;LC !#e"/*
+e +"*/ ' #e"+$%& " *8*+e $%+' *+"&e*.
A "#$e+8 ' +e%$9,e* "% !e e'8e +' "%*-e# +e*e 9,e*+$'%*. O%e ' +e !e*+
-"8* $* +' $%'e +e ,+,#e e%,*e#* ' +e "+"!"*e. A "+"!"*e '-ee# "8
"e ,%#e* '# ee% +',*"%* ' ,*e#*. H'-ee# $ +e "+"!"*e $* e#8 "#&e 8',
$&+ "e +' '%*,+ #e#e*e%+"+$e* ' "#$',* ,*e# ',* *, "* " "+"!"*e
e*$&% '$++ee.
'./.?.?
8/10/2019 dfs2627
31/79
I% +"!e e*$&% V$e- 8', ,*+ *e$8 +e $e* *e$8 +e "+" +8e '# e" $e
"**$&% +e *$@e '# +e>+ "% %,!e# $e* "**$&% +e #$"#8 /e8 (*ee &'**"#8 '#
e$%$+$'%) "% *"e +e +"!e 8',#*e.
'./.?.?.' DATASHEET 0IE"e "%&$%& " +e>+ $e +' " %,!e#
$e). Te +"!e !e'- *'-* +e *e$$* '% e" "+" +8e.
:e++$%& T8e ' ;"+"
Te>+(e",+
*e++$%& '# "
$e)
Te>+ '# '!$%"+$'% ' +e>+ "% %,!e#* "* -e "* %,!e#*
+"+ '%J+ #e9,$#e ","+$'%* *, "* '%e %,!e#*. U +'
255 "#"+e#* '# +e e%&+ *e+ !8 +e F$e :$@e #'e#+8
-$ee# $* e**.
Me' Le%&+8 +e>+ '# '!$%"+$'%* ' +e>+ "% %,!e#*. U +' 6556
"#"+e#*.
N,!e# N,e#$ "+" ,*e $% "+e"+$" ","+$'%*.
;"+e < T$e ;"+e "% +$e ",e* '# 8e"#* 100 +#',& .
C,##e%8 C,##e%8 ",e* "% %,e#$ "+" ,*e $% "+e"+$"
","+$'%* $%'$%& "+" -$+ '%e +' ',# e$" "e*.
A,#"+e +' 15 $&$+* '% +e e+ *$e ' +e e$" *e"#"+'#
"% +' 4 $&$+* '% +e #$&+ *$e.
A,+'N,!e# A ,%$9,e *e9,e%+$" ($%#ee%+e !8 1) %,!e# '# #"%'
2
8/10/2019 dfs2627
32/79
%,!e# "**$&%e !8 M$#'*'+ Ae** -e%ee# " %e- #e'# $*
"e +' " +"!e. A,+'N,!e# $e* "%%'+ !e ,"+e.
Ye* < N' Ye* "% N' ",e* "% $e* +"+ '%+"$% '%8 '%e ' +-' ",e*
(Ye*+ "% %,!e#* *+'#e "* +e>+ "% ,*e
"* 8e#$%/ "#e**.
'./.?.>
8/10/2019 dfs2627
33/79
+' "* *#$+e+* "#e &e%e#"8 #e*'%*$!e '# #'$$%& 8%"$ HTML '%+e%+ +' +e
:P* #e*'%*e HTML. Te :P $+*e $* '$e !8 +e *e#e# "% $* e>e,+e "* "%
'!3e+ +"+ e>+e%* +e "" :e#e+ API. A* *, +e HTTP :e#e+ #e9,e*+ "%
#e*'%*e '!3e+* "#e ""$"!e !8 +e *#$+e+* e$%e -$+$% +e :P.
T$* ',e%+ #e$e-* $e%+*e#e# e*$&% '%*$e#"+$'%* $% #e*e+ +' +e ,*e '
:PJ*. Iee%+"+$'% '+$'%* "#+$,"#8 +e ,*e ' :P "%&,"&e e>+e%*$'%* "%
,*e ' E%+e##$*e "" Be"%* (EB*) -$ "*' !e $*,**e. F',* -$ !e "e '%
+e #e*e%+"+$'% "8e# "% '- +e :P $* ,*e +' #'$e " ,*e# $%+e#"e "%
',%$"+e !,*$%e** '&$ #e9,e*+* +' +e *,'#+$%& *8*+e.
I -e '%*$e# " +$e# "#$+e+,#" WEB "$"+$'% +e !#'-*e# !e'e* +e $e%+
*$e "$"+$'%. Te ,*e# ',%$"+e* #e9,e*+* +' +e WEB+ ' +$* e>"e +e
:P e%&$%e #e#e*e%+* +e #e*e%+"+$'% "8e#. I+ $* #e*'%*$!e '# #'e**$%& #e9,e*+*
"% #e*'%*e*. A$+$'%" e**"&e* "8 !e "**e !e+-ee% +$* "8e# "% +"+ -$
"%e* !,*$%e** #'e**e* #e#e*e%+e !e'- "* EBJ*.
1
8/10/2019 dfs2627
34/79
F$&,#e 1
'./..' THE TECHNOLOGY
:P +e%''&8 ,*e* ML $/e +"&* "% *#$+e+*. Te8 "#e ,*e +' e%"*,"+e
#e*e%+"+$'% '&$ -$+$% +e :P. Te8 "% "*' $%$+$"+e e**"&e* +' $*+#$!,+e '#
*e#e#*$e "$"+$'%*. Te '&$" *e"#"+$'% ' #e*e%+"+$'% "% !,*$%e** '&$ $e*
$% +e $ee%+"+$'% ' +e :P.
E%+e##$*e "" Be"%* #'$e " $*+$%+ #e"+$'%*$ !e+-ee% +e $ee%+"+$'% '
!,*$%e** '&$ "% +e #e'+e $%+e#"e* #'$e +' +e EB $e%+. Te ,*e ' "% EB
+8$"8 ''-* +e "++e#%
Te $e%+ "$"+$'% $e%+$$e* $+*e +' +e *e#e#.
Te $e%+ "$"+$'% ,*e* +e "" N"$%& ;$#e+'#8 *e#$e +' '"+e +e
e*$#e EB.
Te $e%+ "$"+$'% #e+#$ee* " "%e +' +e EB H'e "%
*,!*e9,e%+8 Re'+e $%+e#"e*.
Te #e'+e $%+e#"e '%+"$%* e+'* +"+ +e $e%+ $* e#$++e +' ,*e. Te8
#e#e*e%+ " *,"#8 ' +e !,*$%e** '&$ +"+ $* $ee%+e !8 +e !e"%. Te
$ee%+"+$'% '&$ $* e$%e -$+$% +e #$"#8 !e"% "**. A IPC "+"!"*e "%
#e*',#e e+"$* "#e #e*+#$+e +' +e !e"% "**.
I% '%*+#,+$%& " :P ',e%+ +e #e"+$'% ' +e HTML !"*e $* " #,e%+ *+e. I+
!e'e* +e $*," +e"+e +"+ :P *#$+e+* "#e e#&e $%+'. Te '*+ e>e,+$'%
2
8/10/2019 dfs2627
35/79
HTML #',e #' +e 'e+e :P *', !e +"+ ' +e '#$&$%" HTML
',e%+. W$+ +e e>e+$'% ' 'e%+ 8%"$"8 &e%e#"+e HTML *e+$'%*
"% :P '%+e%+ *,!*+$+,+$'%*. Te *#$+$%& '&$ e>e+ '# -e#e e*$#e $*
'e+e8 %'% $*," $% #e&"# +' +e #e*'%*e HTML +e>+.
Te '%*+#,+$'% ' +e HTML "8',+ '%e$"!8 !e&$%* -$+ " We! ee'e#. Te
#e"+$'% ' +e :P "&e* -', !e *$$"# $ %'+ $e%+$" +' +e e+'* ,*e +'
'%*+#,+ $%,*+#8 HTML "&e*. Te %e>+ *+e -', !e +e "$+$'% ' :P *e$$
'&$ +' $e%+$8 +e *e+$'%* ' +e HTML +"+ $&+ !e &e%e#"+e 8%"$"8. T$*
'%e#*$'% *+e #' ,#e HTML +' :P $* -e#e *e#e# *$e '&$ $* "e +' +e
"&e.
A 'e+e :P '&$"8 e!'$e* #e*e%+"+$'% "8e# *e#$e* "% !,*$%e**
,%+$'%"$+8. P8*$"8 +e8 "#e !e%e -$+$% +e :P $% "% "* %eee *-"$%& '
HTML "% :P 'e. C'%+$%,e "$%+e%"%e ' +e "$"+$'% "% "%&e* $% +e
!,*$%e** '&$ %ee %'+ "e+ +e #e*e%+"+$'% "8',+. L$/e-$*e "%&e* $% +e
#e*e%+"+$'% "8',+ %ee %'+ "e+ +e *#$+e+ '&$ $+ -$ '-ee# #e9,$#e +"+ +e
WEB ee'e# %'+ %ee**"#$8 " AVA #'"e# *'- "#e $% +e "%$%& '
+$* $e -$ $* %' '%&e# ,#e HTML *', "%8 HTML "$%+e%"%e !e'e
%ee**"#8.
'./..> THE ALTERNATI0E
A e*$&% '%*$e#"+$'% $%+e%e +' #e,e +e 'e>$+8 ' "$%+"$%$%& +e HTML
"*e+ ' " :P $* +' $%$$@e +e ,*e ' *#$+e+* $% '%*+#,+$%& " :P. C,*+' +"&*
8/10/2019 dfs2627
36/79
$%+#',e $% :P 1.1 "% e9,"8 #',e +e ,%+$'%"$+8 #'$e !8 :P
*#$+e+*.
C,*+' +"&* "#e "$"+$'% e$%e "%&,"&e e>+e%*$'%* +' "" :e#e# P"&e*.
C,*+' +"&* "% !e ,*e -$+$% " :P $% +e ''-$%& -"8*
T' #',e + ',+,+.
T' #',e :P ',+,+ (:P e>#e**$'%* $#e+$e* ...).
T' #e"+e '!3e+*.
T' e$%e '!3e+* +"+ "% !e *ee% "* *#$+$%& "#$"!e* -$+$% +e "#e%+
:P.
T' $+e#"+e 'e# " !'8 ' :P+ $% " $%$+e "%%e#.
T' e+e#$%e $ *e+$'% ' +e "$%& :P *', !e #'e**e '# */$e.
Te &'" ' ,*$%& ,*+' +"&* +' $%$$@e +e #e*e%e ' *#$+e+* $* +' #',e "
'#e HTML $/e :P. Te ""%+"&e* ' +$* &'" "#e *ee$e%+ $ -e '%*$e#
#'3e+* +"+ e>e+ #e9,e%+ HTML '$$"+$'%*. A**,$%& +e !,*$%e** '&$ #e
#e*e%+e !8 +e :P +"&* $* *+"!e $+ "% !e $e%+$"8 e#&e $%+' "#$',* '#* '
+e HTML "8',+ -$+',+ e>$$+8 $%*e#+$%& ,$"+e *e+$'%* ' *#$+e+ '&$
("" 'e).
T"& "%e#* $ee%+ :P ,*+' +"&*. O%e '# '#e +"& "%e#* "% !e $*+e $%
+e T"& L$!#"#8 ;e*#$+'# $e*. Ree#e%e* +' +e*e $e* "#e $%,e $% +e :P +"+
$%+e%* +' ,*e " &$e% +"& "%e#. Te +"& "%e# $+*e $* $ee%+e "* " ""
'!3e+ +"+ e>+e%* +e :P !'8. U'% e>e,+$'% $+ "* "e** ""!$$+$e* +' +e :P*
4
8/10/2019 dfs2627
37/79
H++ *e#e+ '!3e+* "&e "++#$!,+e "% *e**$'% "++#$!,+e '!3e+*. I+ "% '%e$"!8
#'$e " , HTML #e*'%*e +' +e $e%+ $% +e -"8 +"+ *e#e+* 'e#"+e. A
*$&%$$"%+ $*+$%+$'% #' "" :e#e# P"&e* $* +"+ +"& "%e#* "#e %'+ e*$&%e +'
!e 8%"$"8 '$e !8 +e *e#e#.
I% #e*e+ +' EB* " +"& "%e# "e**e* "% EB $% +e *"e "%%e# "* +e "!'e
*#$+e+. I+ "% "$+$'%"8 "/e ""$"!e "%8 '!3e+ $+ #e"+e* ""$"!e +' '+e# +"&
"%e#* "% :PJ*. T$* $* "'$*e !8 +e ,*e ' *+'#"&e e+'* +"+ 'e#"+e
-$+$% +e *'e ' +e "&e "% *e**$'%. T$* $%,e* +e #e+e%+$'% ' EB #e'+e
$%+e#"e '!3e+* +"+ "% !e #e"+e '%e "% #e,*e !8 *,!*e9,e%+ :PJ* $"
*#$+e+* '# +"&*.
Te :P e%&$%e "% "" :e#e# P"&e* '&$"8 #',e #e*e%+"+$'% "8e# *e#$e*.
Te8 "*' #'$e +e $%+e#"e +' !,*$%e** *e#$e* ($.e. EBJ*). Te 8*$"
*e"#"+$'% ' +e '&$ "**'$"+e -$+ +e*e $e +$e# ''%e%+* $* e$e%+ $% +e
"!'e e>"e. Te *"e EB '&$ $% +e #e$',* e>"e $* #e#e*e%+e e#e !8
+e +"& #ee#e%e*.
F$&,#e 2 &$e* " "$" #e#e*e%+"+$'% ' +e 8*$" '%+#' '- -$+',+ +e ,*e
' ,*+' +"&*. Te $e%+ $%$+$"+e* e>e,+$'% -$+ " :P #e9,e*+. Te #e9,e*+ $" URL
$* $#e+e +' +e WEB *e#e# +"+ $* #e*'%*$!e '# *e#$$%& *, #e9,e*+*. Te :P
#e9,e*+ +#$&&e#* +e :P e%&$%e +' '"+e "% e>e,+e +e '##e*'%$%& :P "* "
*e#e+ '!3e+. Te e>e,+$'% ' +e !,*$%e** '&$ $* #e#e*e%+e !8 +e ,*e '
5
8/10/2019 dfs2627
38/79
E%+e##$*e "" Be"%*.
F$&,#e 2
L'&$"8 $e%+$" $&,#e $,*+#"+e* +e ,*e ' +"& "%e#* !8 +e :P. T$* $* +e
$e% '&$ $$e $% HTML e>"e 2.
F$&,#e
Te :P e%&$%e $% !'+ $&,#e* +#e"+* +e '$e :P '!3e+ "* " *e#e+ '!3e+.
F$&,#e J* +"& "%e# '!3e+ e>+e%* +e :P "&e !'8. T$* #e"+$'%*$ "%+* +"&
"%e# "e** +' "#$',* :e#e+ "++#$!,+e*. Te*e "++#$!,+e* +e#e'#e e#$+ +e +"&
"%e# +' '%e$"!8 $%*e+ "#"e+e#* "**e !8 +e $e%+.
6
8/10/2019 dfs2627
39/79
'./..? CONCLUSION
A* -$+ '+e# +''* ' +e +#"e $%%'"+$'%* "% %,"%e* +' e>$*+$%& +''* ' %'+
$%"$"+e e>$*+$%& e*$&% e+'''&$e*. Te8 ' '-ee# #'$e %e- e#*"+$$+8
"% +e e>"%*$'% ' '**$!$$+$e* -$+ #e&"# +' "$"+$'% e*$&%.
C,*+' +"& e>+e%*$'%* $% '%+#"*+ +' *+"%"# +"&* #'$e +e "$"+$'% !,$e# +e
"!$$+8 +' e$%e ,*+' +"&* +' *"+$*8 *'e ,%+$'%"$+8 %'+ #'$e !8 +e
*+"%"# API. T' !e%e$+ !8 ,*$%& +"& e>+e%*$'%* +' #e,e +e "',%+ ' ""
,%+$'%"$+8 +"+ +e :P API #'$e* $&+ *ee '>8'#'%$ "% $+ $*. W$+ +e
e>e+$'% ' 8%"$"8 '$e :PJ* +e ,%+$'%"$+8 #'$e !8 +e +-' &$e%
e>"e* "#e $e%+$" -$ *,&&e*+* +"+ +e "8' '# $ee%+$%& +$* *e#e#
*$e "+e#%"+$e $* ,#e8 '*e+$ "% $+ $*.
W$e " *e#e# *$e "$"+$'% e*$&%e# 'e* %'+ +8$"8 '%*$e# +e '*e+$
"*e+ ' $ee%+$%& *',#e 'e :P *',#e 'e $&+ #'e +' !e +e e>e+$'%.
I+ 'e* "+e# " *,&&e*+ +e *+#'%& '**$!$$+8 +"+ " We!
8/10/2019 dfs2627
40/79
SYSTEM DESIGN
>.) INTRODUCTION
:'+-"#e e*$&% *$+* "+ +e +e%$" /e#%e ' +e *'+-"#e e%&$%ee#$%& #'e**"% $* "$e #e&"#e** ' +e ee'e%+ "#"$& "% "#e" ' "$"+$'%. ;e*$&%
$* +e $#*+ *+e $% +e ee'e%+ "*e '# "%8 e%&$%ee#e #',+ '# *8*+e. Te
e*$&%e#J* &'" $* +' #',e " 'e '# #e#e*e%+"+$'% ' "% e%+$+8 +"+ -$ "+e# !e
!,$+. Be&$%%$%& '%e *8*+e #e9,$#ee%+ "e !ee% *e$$e "% "%"8@e *8*+e
e*$&% $* +e $#*+ ' +e +#ee +e%$" "+$$+$e* e*$&% 'e "% +e*+ +"+ $* #e9,$#e
+' !,$ "% e#$8 *'+-"#e.
.
Ar34!$e3$2re D!#5r#6
D
8/10/2019 dfs2627
41/79
>.' DATA FLO< DIAGRAMS
. Te ee'e%+ ' ;F;J: $* '%e $% *ee#" ee*. E" #'e** $% '-e#
ee $""* "% !e !#'/e% '-% $%+' " '#e e+"$e ;F; $% +e %e>+ ee. Te
'ee $"" $* '+e% "e '%+e>+ $"". I+ '%*$*+* " "+" '- $"" $*
"$" +'' ,*e +' e*#$!e "% "%"8@e 'ee%+ ' "+" +#',& " *8*+e.
Te*e "#e +e e%+#" +'' "% +e !"*$* #' -$ +e '+e# ''%e%+* "#e
ee'e. Te +#"%*'#"+$'% ' "+" #' $%,+ +' ',+,+ +#',& #'e**e "8
!e e*#$!e '&$"8 "% $%ee%e%+8 ' 8*$" ''%e%+* "**'$"+e -$+ +e
*8*+e. Te*e "#e /%'-% "* +e '&$" "+" '- $""*. Te 8*$" "+" '-
$""* *'- +e "+," $ee%+* "% 'ee%+ ' "+" !e+-ee% e'e
e"#+e%+* "% -'#/*+"+$'%*. A , e*#$+$'% ' " *8*+e "+,"8 '%*$*+* ' " *e+
' "+" '- $""*. U*$%& +-' "$$"# %'+"+$'%* Y',#'% G"%e "% :"#*'%
%'+"+$'% ee'* +e "+" '- $""*. E" ''%e%+ $% " ;F; $* "!ee -$+ "
e*#$+$e %"e. P#'e** $* ,#+e# $e%+$$e -$+ " %,!e# +"+ -$ !e ,*e '#
$e%+$$"+$'% ,#'*e *$%&e #'e** !$+ -$ "8* $+" #'e $% *+,8$%& +e ,##e%+
8/10/2019 dfs2627
42/79
8/10/2019 dfs2627
43/79
;"+" :+'#e
CONSTRUCTING A DFD
:ee#" #,e* ' +,! "#e ,*e $% #"-$%& ;F;J:
1. P#'e** *', !e %"e "% %,!e#e '# "% e"*8 #ee#e%e. E" %"e
*', !e #e#e*e%+"+$e ' +e #'e**.
2. Te $#e+$'% ' '- $* #' +' +' !'++' "% #' e+ +' #$&+. ;"+"
+#"$+$'%"8 '- #' *',#e +' +e e*+$%"+$'% "+',& +e8 "8 '- !"/
+' +e *',#e. O%e -"8 +' $%$"+e +$* $* +' #"- '%& '- $%e !"/ +' "
*',#e. A% "+e#%"+$e -"8 $* +' #ee"+ +e *',#e *8!' "* " e*+$%"+$'%.
:$%e $+ $* ,*e '#e +"% '%e $% +e ;F; $+ $* "#/e -$+ " *'#+ $"&'%".
. We% " #'e** $* e>'e $%+' '-e# ee e+"$* +e8 "#e %,!e#e.
4. Te %"e* ' "+" *+'#e* "% e*+$%"+$'%* "#e -#$++e% $% "$+" e++e#*. P#'e**
"% "+"'- %"e* "e +e $#*+ e++e# ' e" -'#/ "$+"$@e
SAILENT FEATURES OF DFDJS
1. Te ;F; *'-* '- ' "+" %'+ ' '%+#' ''* "% e$*$'% "#e '%+#'e
'%*$e#"+$'%* ' %'+ "e"# '% " ;F;.
2. Te ;F; 'e* %'+ $%$"+e +e +$e "+'# $%'e $% "%8 #'e** -e+e# +e
"+"'- +"/e "e "$8 -ee/8 '%+8 '# 8e"#8.
. Te *e9,e%e ' ee%+* $* %'+ !#',&+ ',+ '% +e ;F;
>.> UML DESIGN
Te U%$$e M'e$%& L"%&,"&e (UML) Q4 $* "% 'e% e+' ,*e +'
*e$8 $*,"$@e '%*+#,+ "% ',e%+ +e "#+$"+* ' "% '!3e+'#$e%+e *'+-"#e
$%+e%*$e *8*+e ,%e# ee'e%+.
UML 'e#* " *+"%"# -"8 +' -#$+e " *8*+e* !,e#$%+* $%,$%&
'%e+," ''%e%+* *, "*
41
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueprint8/10/2019 dfs2627
44/79
"+'#*
!,*$%e** #'e**e*"%
*8*+e* ''%e%+*"%"+$$+$e*
"* -e "* '%#e+e +$%&* *, "*
#'"$%& "%&,"&e*+"+ee%+*
"+"!"*e*e"* "%
Re,*"!e *'+-"#e ''%e%+*.
Mode"!+5
I+ $* e#8 $'#+"%+ +' $*+$%&,$* !e+-ee% +e UML 'e "% +e *e+ '
$""* ' " *8*+e. A $"" $* " "#+$" "$" #e#e*e%+"+$'% ' " *8*+e*
'e. Te 'e "*' '%+"$%* *e"%+$ !"/"%e ',e%+"+$'% *, "* -#$++e%
,*e "*e* +"+ #$e +e 'e eee%+* "% $""*. UML $""* #e#e*e%+ +-'
$e#e%+ $e-* ' " *8*+e 'e
S$#$!3 (or 1$r23$2r#"& v!e= E"*$@e* +e *+"+$ *+#,+,#e ' +e *8*+e
,*$%& '!3e+* "++#$!,+e* 'e#"+$'%* "% #e"+$'%*$*. Te *+#,+,#" $e-
$%,e*
C"** $""
C''%e%+ $""
C''*$+e *+#,+,#e $""
;e'8e%+ $""
42
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component-based_software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component-based_software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component-based_software_engineering8/10/2019 dfs2627
45/79
O!3e+ $""
Dy+#6!3 (or be4#v!or#"& v!e= E"*$@e* +e 8%"$ !e"$'# ' +e
*8*+e !8 *'-$%& '"!'#"+$'%* "'%& '!3e+* "% "%&e* +' +e $%+e#%"
*+"+e* ' '!3e+*. T$* $e- $%,e*
A+$$+8 $""
:+"+e "$%e $""
U*e "*e $""
I%+e#"+$'% $""*
C',%$"+$'% $""
I%+e#"+$'% 'e#$e- $""
:e9,e%e $""
T$$%& $""*
?.>.) CLASS DIAGRAM
A "** $""$* " +8e ' *+"+$ *+#,+,#e $"" +"+ e*#$!e* +e
*+#,+,#e ' " *8*+e !8 *'-$%& +e *8*+e* "**e* +e$# "++#$!,+e* "% +e
#e"+$'%*$* !e+-ee% +e "**e*. A #e"+$'%*$ $* " &e%e#" +e# 'e#$%& +e
*e$$ +8e* ' '&$" '%%e+$'%* ',% '% "** "% '!3e+ $""*.
UML *'-* +e ''-$%& #e"+$'%*$*
E$er+#" "!+81 A L$%/ $* +e !"*$ #e"+$'%*$ "'%& '!3e+*. I+ $*
#e#e*e%+e "* " $%e '%%e+$%& +-' '# '#e '!3e+ !'>e*. I+ "% !e *'-% '%
4
8/10/2019 dfs2627
46/79
"% '!3e+ $"" '# "** $"". A $%/ $* "% $%*+"%e ' "% "**'$"+$'%.
A11o3!#$!o+ A%A**'$"+$'% #e#e*e%+* " "$8 ' $%/*. B$%"#8 "**'$"+$'%*
"#e %'#"8 #e#e*e%+e "* " $%e -$+ e" e% '%%e+e +' " "** !'>.
A55re5#$!o+ A&e&"+$'% $* " "#$"%+ ' +e S"* "S '# "**'$"+$'%
#e"+$'%*$ "&e&"+$'% $* '#e *e$$ +"% "**'$"+$'%. I+ $* "% "**'$"+$'%
+"+ #e#e*e%+* " "#+-'e #e"+$'%*$.
Ge+er#"!K#$!o+ Te Ge%e#"$@"+$'% #e"+$'%*$ $%$"+e* +"+ '%e ' +e +-'
#e"+e "**e* (+e *,!+8e) $* '%*$e#e +' !e " *e$"$@e '# ' +e '+e#
(+e *,e#+8e) "% *,e#+8e $* '%*$e#e "* Ge%e#"$@"+$'% ' *,!+8e.
Re#"!K#$!o+ I% UML 'e$%& " #e"$@"+$'% #e"+$'%*$ $* " #e"+$'%*$
!e+-ee% +-' 'e eee%+* $% -$ '%e 'e eee%+ #e"$@e* +e
!e"$'# +"+ +e '+e# 'e eee%+ *e$$e*. A #e"$@"+$'% $* $*"8e "* "
"*e $%e -$+ "% ,%$e "##'-e".
Dependency: ;ee%e%8 $* " -e"/e# '# ' #e"+$'%*$ -$ $%$"+e* +"+
'%e "** ee%* '% "%'+e# !e",*e $+ ,*e* $+ "+ *'e '$%+ $% +$e.
M2"$!p"!3!$y Te "**'$"+$'% #e"+$'%*$ $%$"+e* +"+ ("+ e"*+) '%e ' +e
+-' #e"+e "** "/e* #ee#e%e +' +e '+e#. I% '%+#"*+ -$+ +e
&e%e#"$@"+$'% #e"+$'%*$ +$* $* '*+ e"*$8 ,%e#*+'' +#',& +e #"*e A
"* " BJ (" '+e# "+ "* /$++e%* /$++e%* "e " '+e# "+.
44
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_(object-oriented_programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregation_(object-oriented_programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_(object-oriented_programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregation_(object-oriented_programming)8/10/2019 dfs2627
47/79
C"#11 D!#5r#6
45
8/10/2019 dfs2627
48/79
4..2 U1e C#1e D!#5r#6
A ,*e "*e $"" $* " +8e ' !e"$'#" $"" e$%e !8 "% #e"+e
#' " U*e"*e "%"8*$*. I+* ,#'*e $* +' #e*e%+ " "$" 'e#$e- ' +e
,%+$'%"$+8 #'$e !8 " *8*+e $% +e#* ' "+'#*+e$# &'"* (#e#e*e%+e "* ,*e
"*e*) "% "%8 ee%e%$e* !e+-ee% +'*e ,*e "*e*. Te "$% ,#'*e ' " ,*e
"*e $"" $* +' *'- -"+ *8*+e ,%+$'%* "#e e#'#e '# -$ "+'#*. R'e*
' +e "+'#* $% +e *8*+e "% !e e$+e. T#ee #e"+$'%*$* "'%& ,*e "*e* "#e
,*e '+e% $% #"+$e
I+3"2de I% '%e '# ' $%+e#"+$'% " &$e% ,*e "*e "8 $%,e "%'+e#. SI%,e $*
" ;$#e+e Re"+$'%*$ !e+-ee% +-' ,*e "*e* $8$%& +e !e"$'# ' +e $%,e
,*e "*e $* $%*e#+e $%+' +e !e"$'# ' +e $%,$%& ,*e "*eS.
E$e+d I% "%'+e# '# ' $%+e#"+$'% " &$e% ,*e "*e (+e e>+e%*$'%) "8 e>+e%
"%'+e#. T$* #e"+$'%*$ $%$"+e* +"+ +e !e"$'# ' +e e>+e%*$'% ,*e "*e "8 !e
$%*e#+e $% +e e>+e%e ,*e "*e ,%e# *'e '%$+$'%*. Te %'+"+$'% $* " "*e
"##'- #' +e e>+e%*$'% +' +e e>+e%e ,*e "*e -$+ +e "!e Se>+e%S. N'+e* '#
'%*+#"$%+* "8 !e "**'$"+e -$+ +$* #e"+$'%*$ +' $,*+#"+e +e '%$+$'%* ,%e#
-$ +$* !e"$'# -$ !e e>e,+e.
Ge+er#"!K#$!o+ I% +e +$# '# ' #e"+$'%*$ "'%& ,*e "*e* "
&e%e#"$@"+$'%/*e$"$@"+$'% #e"+$'%*$ e>$*+*. A &$e% ,*e "*e "8 !e "
*e$"$@e '# ' "% e>$*+$%& ,*e "*e. Te %'+"+$'% $* " *'$ $%e e%$%& $% "
''- +#$"%&e #"-% #' +e *e$"$@e +' +e '#e &e%e#" ,*e "*e.
46
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_(UML)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_casehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_case8/10/2019 dfs2627
49/79
U1e*3#1e D!#5r#6
47
8/10/2019 dfs2627
50/79
4D
8/10/2019 dfs2627
51/79
8/10/2019 dfs2627
52/79
?.>.> Se2e+3e D!#5r#6
A *e9,e%e $"" $* " /$% ' $%+e#"+$'% $""+"+ *'-* '-
#'e**e* 'e#"+e -$+ '%e "%'+e# "% $% -"+ '#e#. I+ $* " '%*+#,+ ' " Me**"&e
:e9,e%e C"#+. :e9,e%e $""* "#e *'e+$e* "e Ee%++#"e $""*
ee%+ *e%"#$'* "% +$$%& $""*.
A *e9,e%e $"" *'-* "* "#"e e#+$" $%e* (S$e$%e*S)
$e#e%+ #'e**e* '# '!3e+* +"+ $e *$,+"%e',*8 "% "* '#$@'%+" "##'-* +e
e**"&e* e>"%&e !e+-ee% +e $% +e '#e# $% -$ +e8 ',#. T$* "'-* +e
*e$$"+$'% ' *$e #,%+$e *e%"#$'* $% " "$" "%%e#.
I +e $e$%e $* +"+ ' "% '!3e+ $+ $* ,%e#$%e. I% '#e# +' $*"8
$%+e#"+$'% e**"&e* "#e ,*e. Te*e "#e '#$@'%+" "##'-* -$+ +e e**"&e %"e
-#$++e% "!'e +e. :'$ "##'-* -$+ , e"* "#e *8%#'%',* "* *'$ "##'-*
-$+ *+$/ e"* "#e "*8%#'%',* "* "% "*e "##'-* -$+ *+$/ e"* "#e #e+,#%
e**"&e*.
A+$"+$'% !'>e* '# e+'" !'>e* "#e '"9,e #e+"%&e* #"-% '%
+' ' $e$%e* +' #e#e*e%+ +"+ #'e**e* "#e !e$%& e#'#e $% #e*'%*e +' +e
e**"&e.
O!3e+* "$%& e+'* '% +e*ee* ,*e e**"&e* "% " %e-
"+$"+$'% !'>e* '% +' ' "%8 '+e#* +' $%$"+e " ,#+e# ee ' #'e**$%&.
50
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Sequence_Charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Sequence_Charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Sequence_Charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_diagramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Sequence_Charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Sequence_Charthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing_diagram8/10/2019 dfs2627
53/79
Se2e+3e D!#5r#6
51
8/10/2019 dfs2627
54/79
>.?DATABASE DESIGN
;"+"!"*e e*$&% $* +e #'e** ' #',$%& " e+"$e "+" 'e ' "
"+"!"*e. T$* '&$" "+" 'e '%+"$%* " +e %eee '&$" "% 8*$" e*$&%
'$e* "% 8*$" *+'#"&e "#"e+e#* %eee +' &e%e#"+e " e*$&% $% " ;"+"
;e$%$+$'% L"%&,"&e -$ "% +e% !e ,*e +' #e"+e " "+"!"*e. A ,8 "++#$!,+e
"+" 'e '%+"$%* e+"$e "++#$!,+e* '# e" e%+$+8.
Te +e# "+"!"*e e*$&% "% !e ,*e +' e*#$!e "%8 $e#e%+ "#+* ' +e e*$&% '
"% 'e#" "+"!"*e *8*+e. P#$%$"8 "% '*+ '##e+8 $+ "% !e +',&+ ' "* +e
'&$" e*$&% ' +e !"*e "+" *+#,+,#e* ,*e +' *+'#e +e "+". I% +e #e"+$'%" 'e
+e*e "#e +e +"!e* "% $e-*. I% "% '!3e+ "+"!"*e +e e%+$+$e* "% #e"+$'%*$* "
$#e+8 +' '!3e+ "**e* "% %"e #e"+$'%*$*. H'-ee# +e +e# "+"!"*e e*$&%
', "*' !e ,*e +' "8 +' +e 'e#" #'e** ' e*$&%$%& %'+ 3,*+ +e !"*e "+"
*+#,+,#e* !,+ "*' +e '#* "% 9,e#$e* ,*e "* "#+ ' +e 'e#" "+"!"*e
"$"+$'% -$+$% +e "+"!"*e "%"&ee%+ *8*+e (;BM:).
4.4.1;"+" ;$+$'%"#8
A "+" $+$'%"#8$* " e%+#"$@e #e'*$+'#8 ' $%'#"+$'% "!',+ "+"
*, "* e"%$%& #e"+$'%*$* +' '+e# "+" '#$&$% ,*"&e "% '#"+. ;"+"!"*e ,*e#*
"% "$"+$'% ee'e#* "% !e%e$+ #' "% ",+'#$+"+$e "+" $+$'%"#8 ',e%+
+"+ "+"'&* +e '#&"%$@"+$'% '%+e%+* "% '%e%+$'%* ' '%e '# '#e "+"!"*e*.
T$* +8$"8 $%,e* +e %"e* "% e*#$+$'%* ' "#$',* +"!e* "% $e* $% e"
"+"!"*e ,* "$+$'%" e+"$* $/e +e +8e "% e%&+ ' e" "+" eee%+. A "+"
$+$'%"#8 ',e%+ "*' "8 $%,e ,#+e# $%'#"+$'% e*#$!$%& '- "+"
52
8/10/2019 dfs2627
55/79
eee%+* "#e e%'e. O%e ' +e ""%+"&e* ' -ee*$&%e "+" $+$'%"#8
',e%+"+$'% $* +"+ $+ e* +' e*+"!$* '%*$*+e%8 +#',&',+ " 'e> "+"!"*e
'# "#'** " "#&e 'e+$'% ' ee#"+e "+"!"*e*.I% #e"+$'%" "+"!"*e* "% "+ $e
"+"!"*e* " +"!e $* " *e+ ' "+" eee%+* (",e*) +"+ "#e '#&"%$@e ,*$%& " 'e '
e#+$" ',%* (-$ "#e $e%+$$e !8 +e$# %"e) "% '#$@'%+" #'-*. A +"!e "*
" *e$$e %,!e# ' ',%* !,+ "% "e "%8 %,!e# ' #'-*. E" #'- $*
$e%+$$e !8 +e ",e* "e"#$%& $% " "#+$,"# ',% *,!*e+ -$ "* !ee%
$e%+$$e "* " "%$"+e /e8.
Te "+" $+$'%"#8 ' +$* "$"+$'% '#$*e* ' +e ''-$%& +"!e*
"**$&%e%+
;"+"T8e :$@e C'%*+#"$%+*
,*e#$ N,!e# 10 N,
ee+$ N,!e# 10 N,
A++"e%+
C',%N"e ;"+"T8e :$@e C'%*+#"$%+*
ee+$ N,!e# 10 N,
$e%"e Te>+ 20 N,
''%e%+
C',%N"e ;"+"T8e :$@e C'%*+#"$%+*
''%e%+$ N,!e# 10 P/
''%e%+%"e Te>+ 20 N,
#',+$ N,!e# 10 N,
;ee+*
C',%N"e ;"+"T8e :$@e C'%*+#"$%+*
ee+$ N,!e# 10 P
ee+e* Te>+ 20 N,
#$'#$+8 N,!e# 10 N,
*ee#$+8 Te>+ 20 N,
*,!$++e'% ;"+e
8/10/2019 dfs2627
56/79
*+e*+'#e#',e Te>+ 20 N,
"%!e#e#',e Te>+ 20 N,
P#',+*
C',%N"e ;"+"T8e :$@e C'%*+#"$%+*
P#',+$ N,!e# 10 P
#',+%"e Te>+ 20 N,
#',+e* Te>+ 20 N,
#e"+e!8 ;"+e+ 20 P
"**-'# Te>+ 20 N,
$#*+%"e Te>+ 20 N,
L"*+%"e Te>+ 20 N,
R'e$ N,!e# 10 N,e"$ Te>+ 20 N,
U*e##'e*
C',%N"e ;"+"T8e :$@e C'%*+#"$%+*
#'e$ N,!e# 10 P
#'e%"e Te>+ 20 N,
4.4.2;"+" :#$+
A ;"+" :#$+ #ee#* +' :?L (:+#,+,#e ?,e#8 L"%&,"&e) $* " "+"!"*e
',+e# "%&,"&e e*$&%e '# +e #e+#$e" "% "%"&ee%+ ' "+" $% #e"+$'%"
"+"!"*e "%"&ee%+ *8*+e* (R;BM:) "+"!"*e *e" #e"+$'% "% '$$"+$'%
"% "+"!"*e '!3e+ "e** '%+#' "%"&ee%+. :?L $* " #'"$%& "%&,"&e '#
9,e#8$%& "% '$8$%& "+" "% "%"&$%& "+"!"*e*. :?L "'-* +e #e+#$e"
$%*e#+$'% ,"+$%& "% ee+$'% ' "+".
54
8/10/2019 dfs2627
57/79
8/10/2019 dfs2627
58/79
DEFECT TRAC;ING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
SCREENS
Iee%+"+$'% $* +e *+"&e -e#e +e +e'#e+$" e*$&% $* +,#%e $%+' " -'#/$%&
*8*+e. Te '*+ #,$" *+"&e $* "$e$%& " %e- *,e**, *8*+e "% &$$%&
'%$e%e +' +e ,*e#* !8 "/$%& +e *8*+e -'#/ e$$e%+8 "% ee+$e8. Te
*8*+e "% !e $ee%+e '%8 "+e# +'#',& +e*+$%& $* '%e "% $ $+ $* ',% +'
-'#/ "'#$%& +' +e *e$$"+$'%.
I+ $%'e* "#e, "%%$%& $%e*+$&"+$'% ' +e ,##e%+ *8*+e "%
$+* '%*+#"$%+* '% $ee%+"+$'% e*$&% ' e+'* +' "$ee +e "%&e 'e# "%
"% e","+$'% ' "%&e 'e# e+'* " "#+ #' "%%$%&. T-' "3'# +"*/* '
#e"#$%& +e $ee%+"+$'% "#e e,"+$'% "% +#"$%$%& ' +e ,*e#* "% +e*+$%& ' +e
*8*+e.
Te '#e 'e> +e *8*+e !e$%& $ee%+e +e '#e $%'e -$ !e +e
*8*+e* "%"8*$* "% e*$&% e'#+ #e9,$#e 3,*+ '# $ee%+"+$'%. Te
$ee%+"+$'% "*e '#$*e* ' *ee#" "+$$+$e*. Te #e9,$#e "#-"#e$*+*.
Te*+ C"*e I%,+* A+," O,+,+ O!+"$%e O,+,+ ;e*#$+$'%
A$%$*+#"+$'%
(" ,*e#)
U*e#$ -
-
:,e** :,e** Te*+ "**e ,*e#
$%'#"+$'%
U"+e.
A$%$*+#"+$'%
(" ,*e#)
U*e#$ -
-
F"$e F"$e Te*+ "**e
I%'e+e ,*e#
$%'#"+$'%
7
8/10/2019 dfs2627
76/79
Te*+ C"*e I%,+* A+," O,+,+ O!+"$%e O,+,+ ;e*#$+$'%
Ge%e#"
(e%+e# ee+)
P#'3e+
C''%e%+
P#'3e+ Ve#*$'%;ee+ :+"+,*
:ee#$+8
;e*#$+$'%
P#$'#$+8.
:,e** :,e** Te*+ "**e
ee+ *"e.
Ge%e#"
(e%+e# ee+)
P#'3e+
C''%e%+
P#'3e+ Ve#*$'%
;ee+ :+"+,*
:ee#$+8
;e*#$+$'%
P#$'#$+8
F"$e F"$e Te*+ "**e
I%'e+e
$%'#"+$'%.
Te*+ C"*e I%,+* A+," O,+,+ O!+"$%e O,+,+ ;e*#$+$'%
Ge%e#"
(e%+e# ee+)
:ee+ ee'e# :,e** :,e** Te*+ "**e
Ge%e#"(e%+e# ee+)
:ee+ ee'e#. F"$e F"$e Te*+ "**eI%'e+e
$%'#"+$'%.
74
8/10/2019 dfs2627
77/79
L!6!$#$!o+1 #+d S3ope or F2$2re E+4#+3e6e+$1
L!6!$#$!o+1 o $4e 1y1$e6
O%8 +e e#"%e%+ e'8ee* "% "e** +e *8*+e.
:8*+e -'#/* $% " "+'#* "% $+* '"+$!e e%$#'%e%+*.
A"%e +e%$9,e* "#e %'+ ,*e +' e/ +e ",+'#$@"+$'%.
F2$2re E+4#+3e6e+$1:
I+ $* %'+ '**$!e +' ee' " *8*+e +"+ "/e* " +e #e9,$#ee%+* ' +e ,*e#.
U*e# #e9,$#ee%+* /ee "%&$%& "* +e *8*+e $* !e$%& ,*e. :'e ' +e ,+,#e
e%"%ee%+* +"+ "% !e '%e +' +$* *8*+e "#e
A* +e +e%''&8 ee#&e* $+ $* '**$!e +' ,"e +e *8*+e "% "% !e
""+"!e +' e*$#e e%$#'%e%+.
Be",*e $+ $* !"*e '% '!3e+'#$e%+e e*$&% "%8 ,#+e# "%&e* "% !e
e"*$8 ""+"!e.
B"*e '% +e ,+,#e *e,#$+8 $**,e* *e,#$+8 "% !e $#'e ,*$%& ee#&$%&
+e%''&$e*.
A++e%"%e ',e "% !e "e
*,! "$% ',e "% !e "e
75
8/10/2019 dfs2627
78/79
Pro:e3$ S266#ry
Te ;ee+ T#"/$%& '# I#'$%& P#',+ ?,"$+8 "% P#',+$$+8 $* " -e!
!"*e "$"+$'% '# #$"#$8 #'$$%& +#"$%$%& +' +e e'8ee* -' #'$e
,*+'$@e *',+$'%* +' ee+ '#&"%$@"+$'%" %ee*.
T$* "$"+$'% *'+-"#e "* !ee% ',+e *,e**,8 "% -"* "*' +e*+e
*,e**,8 !8 +"/$%& +e*+ "*e*. I+ $* ,*e# #$e%8 "% "* #e9,$#e '+$'%* -$
"% !e ,+$$@e !8 +e ,*e# +' e#'# +e e*$#e 'e#"+$'%*.
Te *'+-"#e $* ee'e ,*$%& "" "* #'%+ e% "% O#"e "* !"/ e% $%
W$%'-* e%$#'%e%+. Te &'"* +"+ "#e "$ee !8 +e *'+-"#e "#e
I%*+"%+ "e**.
I#'e #',+$$+8.
O+$, ,+$$@"+$'% ' #e*',#e*.
E$$e%+ "%"&ee%+ ' #e'#*.
:$$$"+$'% ' +e 'e#"+$'%*.
Le** #'e**$%& +$e "% &e++$%& #e9,$#e $%'#"+$'%.
U*e# #$e%8.
P'#+"!e "% e>$!e '# ,#+e# e%"%ee%+.
76
8/10/2019 dfs2627
79/79
Reere+3e1
Core Java 2 Volume I Fundamentals 7th Edition - Cay S. Hortsman
Pearson Education Sun icrosystems !ary Cornell
Core Java 2 Volume II "dvanced - Cay S. Hortsman
Pearson Education Sun icrosystems !ary Cornell
Head First Servlets # JSP - Eric Freeman$%&eilly SP' Elisa(eth Freeman
)he *oo+ o, JavaScri-t 2nd Edition - thau
SP'
E,,ective Java Prorammin /anuae !uide - Joshua *loch
Pearson Education Sun icrosystems
Java 'ata(ase *est Practices - !eore &eese
$%&eilly SP'