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DFO Mandate and Priorities
• Safe and navigable waters
• Protect oceans and aquatic ecosystems from negative impacts
• Sustainably manage fisheries and aquaculture
– Using scientific evidence, precautionary principles and accounting for climate
change
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DFO Mandate and Priorities
• Safe and navigable waters
• Protect oceans and aquatic ecosystems from negative impacts
• Sustainably manage fisheries and aquaculture
– Using Scientific evidence, precautionary principles and accounting for climate
change
• Historical and contemporary research projects
– Collaborations
• fishing industry / associations
• academia
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Research and Monitoring Projects
• Monitoring
– Recruitment projects
• Modified trap, dive transect
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Research and Monitoring
• Bottom trawl surveys
– Lobster directed survey
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Research and Monitoring
• Bottom trawl surveys
– Lobster directed survey
– Multispecies survey
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Research and Monitoring
• Bottom trawl surveys
– Lobster directed survey
– Multispecies survey
• Indices of abundance
• Life history information
– Sex ratio
– Size frequency
– Berried
– Etc.7
Research and Monitoring
• At sea sampling
– Reliant on fishery and associations
– Characterize catch throughout season
– Size frequency, berried females, sex ratio
• Environmental monitoring
– Trawl surveys
– Recruitment trap collaboration
• All of these monitoring platforms feed into Stock Assessments
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DFO Stock Assessment
• Compile and synthesize available data
– Fisheries data
– Fisheries independent data
– Biological, physiological, environmental, ecosystem
• Quantitative or qualitative approaches
• Provide a picture of the current stock relative to historical levels and
reference points
• Develop predictions on future status (if and when possible)
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Lobster Stock Assessments
• Maritimes Region of DFO
– Research
– Indicator trends
• Precautionary approach reference points
• Primary, secondary and contextual
– Quantitative population models
• Relating population trends to environmental, fishery and ecosystem predictors
– Research on climate change impacts on productivity
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LOBSTER CLIMATE CHANGE BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTATION
• DFO examining short-term and longer-term exposures of lobster adults, eggs, embryos and larvae to multiple climate change impacts
• Climate change drivers examined include:
o Temperature (will global warming affect rate and success of development?)
o pH (will ocean acidification impact offspring success?)
o Dietary ration (what does more or less food mean for buffering climate change?)
• Metrics used to examine impact:
o Egg numbers and sizes, embryo development (Perkin’s Eye Index), hatching, larval numbers
o Multiple -omics technologies to examine animal function (early stage transcriptional, metabolites and lipids)
LOBSTER PILOT EXPERIMENT (2016)
Short-term exposures of adult females with already extruded eggs to a range of pH levels showed:
– Good correlations between Perkin’s Eye Index and yolk ration
– Larval release differences between individuals and pH
– No effect of pH on metabolite profiles (right)
• Summary:
No significant difference with pCO2
treatment – likely due to pre-extrusion (this has been seen in Tanner crab, see Long et al., 2016)
MULTISTRESSOR LOBSTER FISHERIES EXPERIMENT (2016-2019)
• Examining impacts of combined stressors on females before they extrude eggs
• Multistressor combination of:
o 3 x pH (ambient, 7.75 and 7.5)
o 2 x temperature (ambient, + 3°C)
o 2 x food ration (0.1% and 3%)
• Metrics:
o Eggs: number / clutch metrics, size, image analysis (developmental index, egg yolk reserve), spawn timing
o Quality of eggs (lipid analysis)
o Impacts on organs e.g. gonads, hepatopancreas
o Impacts on behaviour e.g. aggression
o Impacts on disease e.g. shell disease, ciliates
o Can the stress be inherited? e.g. epigenetics
o Impacts on animal function e.g. transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics
DO LOBSTERS HAVE POTENTIAL TO ADAPT TO FUTURE CONDITIONS?
• Analysis of 2 year multiple stressor experiment underway – papers forthcoming 2019-2020
• 2018 larval experiment – if the female adults are exposed to future climate conditions, will their offspring have a better chance at survival?
o Larvae from multiple stressor experiment reared in their maternal exposure conditions and also in other exposures
o Will there be less larvae, but those larvae are better adapted? Or, will there be significant losses overall? What is the stressor point leading to death?
o Will some individual females be better adapted to future conditions, and pass that benefit onto their offspring?
o Current: have proposal in to seek funds for analysis
Deformed lobster larvae from 7.75 pH (left) and healthy larvae from ambient (right) conditions
LINKAGES OF DFO SCIENCE ON LOBSTERS TO OTHER INITIATIVES
• Overall group interest is understanding if lobsters have potential to adapt to future conditions and what implications are for population stability
• Lobsters target species for research under the DFO-NOAA Research, Experimentation and Modelling Ocean Acidification Working Group
o Data from DFO lobster work being used to inform next stage of lobster experimentation in the U.S. to push our knowledge forward and fill gaps more quickly
• Collaborate with academics and government experimental scientists nationally and internationally
• Part of the MEOPAR academic Networked Centre of Excellence for Ocean Acidification, building a community of knowledge on climate impacts
• Part-built new laboratory which will enable examination of multiple stressors on a bigger scale and use natural pH coastal variability as the baseline
• Taking continual observational data of pH (full carbonate analysis), temperature and salinity of seawater (plus interested in plankton drivers of lobster success)
• Willing to collaborate! e.g. Lobster Node II
For more information please contact email: [email protected] tel: 506-529-5937
Inclusion of Climate in Stock Assessment
• Improved understanding of physiological mechanisms
• Include climate predictions
• Coupled environmental – population models
• Project changes in lobster productivity into future
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Overall Perspective DFO Science
• Monitoring
• Research
• Modelling
• Improving our understanding of lobster dynamics in relation to climate
• Collaborations are key
– Fishing industry, Associations, Academia
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