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John Dewey and Montessori By: May Vonne Hill EDFD 201 Dr. Catherine Rhodes

Dewey Montessori

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Comparison of works and philosophy of John Dewey and Maria Montessori

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John Dewey and MontessoriBy: May Vonne HillEDFD 201Dr. Catherine RhodesJohn DeweyOctober 20, 1859 to June 1, 1952Maria MontessoriAugust 31, 1870 to May 6, 1952

Personal DataBirthplace: Burlington, Vermont, USAParents: Archibald Dewey, MerchantLucina Artemisia Rich, believer of Calvinism3rd of 4 childrenHad 7 children with his first wife, Alice ChipmanRemarried at 87 to a widow named Roberta Grant

3Personal Data

Birthplace: Chiaravelle, Marche, ItalyParents: Allesandro Montessori, an official of Ministry of financeRenilde Stoppani, niece of Antonio StoppaniHad a son with Guiseppe Montano

4EducationDewey was 15 years old, enrolled at University of Vermont and graduated second in his class four years later received his doctorate of philosophy and psychology at John Hopkins University

Significant influence: Joseph Torrey professor at University of Vermontinspired writings by William James, a philosopherand a psychologistMontessori entered university and did well in sciences and mathematics was 20 years old, enrolled in University of Rome and graduated as doctor of medicine in 18961901 to 1906 enrolled in philosophy

Significant influence: works of Jean Itard and Edoard Seguin

5Career

1884 to 1888 and 1889-1894University of Michigan 1888 University of Minnesota1894University of ChicagoChairman of philosophy, psychologyand pedagogy department1899American Philosophical AssociationPresident1905 to 1929Columbia University1929 to 1939Professor emeritus1905 to 1928traveled Japan, China, Turkey, USSR6Deweys PhilosophyModern father of experiential educationThe Progressive Education Association, inspired by Deweys ideas, later codified his doctrines as follows:1. The conduct of the pupils shall be governed by themselves, according to the social needs of the community.2. Interest shall be the motive for all work.3. Teachers will inspire a desire for knowledge, and will serve as guides in the investigations undertaken, rather than as task-masters.

4. Scientific study of each pupils development, physical, mental, social and spiritual, is absolutely essential to the intelligent direction of his development.Experience arise from two principles: continuity and interaction7Deweys Philosophy5. Greater attention is paid to the childs physical needs, with greater use of the out-of-doors.6. Cooperation between school and home will fill all needs of the childs development such as music, dancing, play and other extra-curricular activities.7. All progressive schools will look upon their work as of the laboratory type, giving freely to the sum of educational knowledge the results of their experiments in child culture.8Books by John Dewey

Career

chosen to represent Italy at the womens conference in Berlinalso worked as a voluntary assistant and started her research about children with mental disability and illness.189619001904University of Rome, professor of anthropology1907founded Casa dei Bambini1913made her first visit to the United States1915went back to the US where she put up a glass-walled classroom and demonstrated her work1899undertook a 2-week lecture tour before prominent public figures. She was 29.appointed as co-director of Orthophrenic Schoolbook written by William Kilpatrick entitled The Montessori Method Examined was published

10THE MONTESSORI METHOD EXAMINEDOutdatedOverly rigidoverly reliant on sense-trainingleft too little scope for imaginationno social interaction and playby: William Kilpatrick

Professor Dewey and referred to Madam Montessori1.Outdated, 50 years behind? her work on psychology of the infant and young child was a significant influence on Jean Piaget whose theory was not yet known during the time of Kilpatricks critique. 1896 19802. children choose their work3. Kilpatrick fail to appreciate the terms of Itards and Seguins method of isolating concepts and teaching them through the childs senses4. 5. Montessori started her casa de bambini with toys in the classroom but the children were more drawn to the didactic materials so she removed the toys in the classroom11Montessori Methodan educational method characterized by an emphasis on independence, freedom of movement and activity within the limits set by the environment.12Montessori Method Prepared environment Mixed age group Montessori trained teachers

3 year range birth to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, 9 to 1213Prepared EnvironmentMath Area

Addition Strip BoardDecimal System14Prepared EnvironmentLanguage Area

Sound Bucket

Phonogram

Sandpaper AlphabetPrepared EnvironmentScience Area

Plant and Animal Shelf

Investigation ShelfPrepared EnvironmentHistory Area

Prepared EnvironmentGeography Area

Prepared EnvironmentArts Area

Prepared EnvironmentMusic

Tactile, Olfactory, Gustatory and Auditory Materials20Prepared EnvironmentSensorial Area

Tactile, Olfactory, Gustatory and Auditory materialsTactile, Olfactory, Gustatory and Auditory Materials21Prepared EnvironmentPractical Life Area

Pink TowerMovable Alphabet

Outdoor activities

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1949

1936

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1917

1947

byDewey quotesIf we teach todays students as wetaught yesterdays, we rob themof tomorrow.

Montessori Quotes

Educationis a natural process carried out by the child and is not acquired by listening to words but by experiences in the environment.