Dewey, John - Ethics

8/13/2019 Dewey, John - Ethics

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i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d

/ h t t p : / / w w w . h

a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_

u s e # p d - g o o g l e

Ethics, by John Dewey.

Dewey, John, 1859-1952.

New York, Columbia University Press, 1908.

http://hdl.handle.net/2027/ien.35556001315571

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O F PH I L O S OPH Y

U I V E H S I T

A UN I V E R S I T PR E S S

P u b l i c D o m a i n , G o o g l e - d i g i t i z e d

/ h t t p : / / w w w . h







D L I V E R E D A TC O L U MB I A UN I V E R S I T

E S O N C I E N C E , PH I L O S O P H Y A N D A RT


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





MB I A UN I V E R S I T P R E S S .

Ma y , 1 0 .


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





O P PH I L O S O P H Y

U I V E R S I T



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or c es o f n at u re , s a id i r H e n r y-

nthisworldwhichisnotGree in

s whythisisso, theresponse

iscoveredthebusinessofman to

telligencetobecentralinthis

esaidinpraiseofP latoandA ris-

tede cellentmoraltheories,but

ortunitywhichthespectacleof

orA thenspresentedanallbutc om-

udyoftheinteractionof social

alaaracter.A publiclifeof

tedandintensesplendortrained

factionandtherapid oscilla-

videdtheoccasionforintel-

ysis.Thecareersofdramatic

cussion,easeoflegislative

onalambitions,distractionby

attentionupontheelementsof

valuationofthe functionsofindi-

reffectuponsocialvitality and

ptionfromecclesiasticpreoccupa-

uralharmony,andnaturalpiety

dopenobservationtoac now ledg-

naturalconditions.t. ocialin-

dee uallypertinentandobv iousthe

encecanconfirmthevalueswhich


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te,andthatintelligenceisitself

yina freeandstablesociety.

eenanalysisof themutualim-

,thesocialandthe natural,con-

oralsandphilosophyareone:—

ch sthesourceofsecureand

maticsandthenaturalsciences

moftheade uateperceptionof

odsof moralscience thatlogicis

gnantorganizationof social

ood thatpoliticsandpsychol-

dthe samehumannature,ta en

nthelittle. ofarthatlarge

Plato.

etterlifemustbebaseduponref lec -

d.Theinevitablelimitationsof

ereasinevitablywroughtintothe

.

asto furnishasubstitutefor

rela ingfromthepressureof

ithout,anddisintegratingfrom

astota etheplaceofc ustomasa

wastofurnishrulesasf inal, asunalter-

nshort, thethin erswerethem-

terglowofcustom.Theytoo

illationfromcustomofitses-

hichshouldberigidandinvariable.

he trac whichitdarednot

hundredyears:searchforthe

e moralforce.

thatthestatee istsbynature, and

estheindividualachieveindepend-

flife,areindeedpregnantsayings.

otletheymeantthat, inanisolated

ate,seta garlandedislandin


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a communityindifferentwhen

algroupings,individualsattain

unitywhichsignifiedsocial

antagonism,ina socialorder

seandglorifiedwar,isrealizedthe

undsayingofA ristotle sthat

sethanbyaccidentisnot a

erabruteoragod. B utitisgen-

hereA ristotleidentifiedthe

chiefvirtue,withpurethought,and

ine,isolatedit inlonelygran-

ty.Thatman,sofarasin him

meantthatheshouldbe non-social,

otheidealisthadsharedthe

vine buthewasalsoa reformer

dhavethosewhoattainedra-

nintotheciviccave,andin its

ortheenlightenmentofits

ristotle,the conservativeandthe

thee altationofintelli-

e c ellenc eandsoc ialneed and

ruest nowledgefromcontact

ndfromresponsibilityfordiscrim-

urseoflife.

eptedfromsocialcustom

idity,itse clusiveareaof

uctifiedandirresponsiblerea-

uperficiallayerofcultured

aparticipationinaffairsmade

nomicpursuits,superimposed

fs, artisansandlaborers.

hilosophymadeitselfspiritual

tupintoitsownbeing. Plato

classproblem buthisoutcome


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vedemarcation,aftereducation,

sonwas asleepandappetitemuch

owerefit torulebecausealertly

yimaginativesoulofallphilos-

he institutionalpracticesofhis

might havewarnedhissuccess-

tingthesoberpathofa critical

andtheworsewithin contempo-

citingadventureofafinaldeter-

andevil. tmighthavetaught

ruteresiduumor unrationalized

edintoan apotheosisofpurerea-

ot learned.A ristotlepromptly

of allphilosophers,theideali-

edeclaredthattheclassdistinctions

yasbetweenmanand woman,

l-mindedandbasemechanic,e ist

ture—anaturewhic hisembodied

turetowhichthephilosophy

ualsobounditself tisthe

ee c ustomandmyth thena-

nedwhichconfrontsusinGree

mof savagemanpurgedof

dbyunerringaesthetictasteinto

ythshadtoldof thelovesand

sertionsofthegods,and, behind

hilosophytranslatedthesetales

uctuationofrapaciouschange

landsupremeend:therational

opularminddied toreappear

ewehaveheardof sciences

losophyandwhichgrad-

nce.A notherstatementof


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othscienceandphilosophybegan

ogicalanimism.B othbeganwith

oseirregularitiesdisplayedthe

foolishwantsheldwithinthe

tyby anunderlyingmovement

rpose.A ndwhenthesci-

thetas ofreducingirregular

nction,philosophybravelytoo

ubstantiating,underthecaptionof

verse,theanimisticsurvival.

ughtphilosophytoearth buthis

nowhimselfwasinc rediblycompro-

ythefactthatlater philosophers

ldto whichphilosophywas

stheheavyandsun encentre

tedintheirpurityandrefinement

the grossandmuddyvestureof

Gree custom,itshostilein-

enarrowcity-state,itsassump-

fw iseandblindamongmen, its

cience,itssubordinationof

caim—all ofthesethingswere

y.Philosophyhadnoactive

ditionofbarbarianin urope

nthcenturies.By anunwitting

oc ednooneso muchasthe

s,theirphilosophicidealization,

eandR eason,oftheinherent

ocietyandGree science,fur-

sfordefining,standardizing

damentalcleftsandantago-

npracticalconditionsarenot

ationintocrystallinetruths,they

meandgo.B utwhenin-


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ngcircumstanceintofinalideals,

oc cur andphilosophygratuitously

ponsibility for ustify ingtheworst

opebyshowingtheirnecessary

eason.

ntothetwo campsofthere-

edhadnotneededphilosophyto

e c leavageofmenintoseparate

eirpositionwithinor withoutthe

onalizethisharshintolerance.

onoffeudalism,withinchurch

sedofsacredrule andthosewhose

edienc e, didnotre uiremoraltheory

t. B utittoo philosophytofurnish

ichsuchchanceepisodeswere

micheavensasagrandiosespirit-

itisalltooeasytoe plainbitter

domination. tubbornasthey

moraltheoryhadputunder-

betweentheirrationalandthe

dgoodand thecorruptandwea

eranceonsystemandearthly

ofeternale c ellenc ebec amephilo-

hehealthandwelfareofthebody

acertainanda prosperous

swhichmedievalconditionsmuch

tmoralphilosophywasprevailed

principle,andtorelegateto

mundaneandtemporaltheprob-

order. C irc umstancesof thetimes

essuponsuccessfulscientificin-

ophyaddedtheconvictionthatin

nalthatitmustbe supernaturally

tthatitmust beauthoritatively

ntelligencewasdivertedfromthe


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





fferencesofbetterandworsein

ocialconse uences,intothechan-

tiesandsystems,acceptanceof

toparticipationinthesocialor-

llence.Philosophyitwaswhich

manendeavorandprogressto

ologyandtheology.

e,moralphilosophyhasrepeatedly

dealofnaturale c ellenc erealizedin

ngcareof intelligenceinaction.

a enplaceundertheinfluence

merciale pansionandscientific

ena liberationevenmorethana

returnandemancipation,hav-

ceoflifein thelastfourcen-

l ithaswrittenitselfclear in

W hethertheconse uentrevo-

betermedpragmatismor be

heappliedande perimental

count.W hatisof momentis

endedfromitslonelyisolationat

whenceitoperatedas unmoved

inordertota eitsseatinthe

eorymaythereforebecomere-

whichhavegeneratedit thegood

butwithnaturenaturally,not

d,andsociallifebecherishedin

epossibilities,noton theground

swithacosmicreasonandan abso-

miliarthancorrect,thatGree

vidualtothestate.N onehasever

Gree thattheindiv idualc omesto

y inassociationwithothers.B ut

c ted, aswehaveseen, bothstateand


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





ac osmic order andthereby itinev-

se, indoubt, in uiryande peri-

ntelligence.Theanimalibera,the

thcentury,ofGalileoandhissuc-

artofthedisintegrationofcosmol-

ogy.Thelectureronpolitical

thissub ectbegan,inthemiddle

though,as hehastenedtoshow,

ociations.Well,the samecompany

sciences,mathematicalandphysical

dingtoallaccountsitwasthei nteg-

dtherec titudeof thes uarethat

Pythagorastoarithmeticandge-

ofstudy.A stronomywasthe

ofac osmic ob ec tlessoninmorals,

chis nonethelessliteralbecause

emainedoutsidethemoralfold,

emedchemistryandoccultforces

eimmaterialsoulclaimedpsy-

ceptionthatprovestherule:

mmoralthatnohigh-minded

elfbycontactwithit.

hmanyothersinlamentingthe

those idealisticpropertiesin

fwedonotmournthe secession

s,itis becausetheabandonmentby

dstaticmoralendwas thenecessary

progressivescience becausethe

cesfromreadymade,remoteand

ssarytoma ethesciencesavail-

tainingmoreandbetter values

omedyofmodernmedicine

hehumanepicsyettobe written

yprovenounworthycompanion

erworldlybeatificvisions.The


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thcentury,thate pansiveepoch

ran siniUuminationandfervor

thought,thegreatideasof the

ogressofhumanityandofthe

freedintelligence,wereborneby

evelopmentofe perimental

commerceisat oncecause

science.Democritusandother

echanicaltheoryofthe universe.

n andrepellent,becauseit

erialwhichPlatoandA ristotle

alidealisticviews butitwas

eofdialectics.C ontemptfor

mentsofdespisedmechanics ept

onalooffromthesespecificandcon-

hichalonecouldfructifyit.This

eidealistic,wastranslatedintoa

ndthrownli eavastnet around

f to eepitf romc omingtopiec es.

elever,thepulleyandthe screw

talandmathematicalmechanicsde-

throughthewor ingsofa

tintonaturaleventsandstudied

pooryetnecessarydeviceforreal-

died,itwasfoundto beavailable

applications,whichincreating

ewwants,andtherebystimulated

veriesandnewinventions.The

ergycanbesystematicallyap-

entalobservation,tothesatisfaction

retewantsisdoubtlessthegreat-

mportedintothelife ofman-

yoflanguage. cience,borrow-

edebt withinterest,andhas


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





lforcesforthe aimsoflifeso

time manisrelievedfromover-

escrambletopossessand

oconsiderthemoregracious

lan ampleandliberallife.The

ndemnedbyGree e altationof

ee contemptforlaboras rep-

eofcarnalappetitefor itsown

vement,offspringofscience,re-

tioninmorals.W henA dam

ctivitythemovingspringofman s

ecradletothegrave,to better

s change.A ndwhenhemade

nginman sconsciousmoralen-

fectwhichtheincreasinginter-

lytocommerce,hadinbrea ing

lousyandinliberatingman s ind-

pressionofmodernlife,isnot

scientificandindustrialtenden-

ptionoftheirsocialor spiritualmean-

bsurditywherefaithin theindivid-

sible andthisfaithis impossible

dedasacosmicpower,notan

pplic ationof indiv idualtendenc ies. t

esanddesiresare conceived

n theconstitutionofmostmen s

etiteanddesireareconceived

disorderlyand unrulyprinciple

lectualcentreofgravityinthe

os, outsideofmen sowne perimentsand

e theapplicationofindividualin-

minationofsocietyisto invitechaos.

renegativef lu andhenc ere uires

reason, andthentoinv itethewantsto


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esin socialconstructionandinter-

chy.Democracywasconceivable

eptionoftheintelligencethatforms

antthatformsmodernindustry.

gedpsychology.Thesubstitution,

ction,offluentdoubtandin uiry

rein theconcrete inindividual

mpathy.Thesubstitutionof

edcustommeantaviewofwants

rogress,notas thepathologyof

enthcenturyindeedturnedsour

centoptimisminwhichtheeigh-

ideasthatthe intelligentself-love

cetosocialcohesion,andcompe-

sherinthe ingdomofsocialwel-

ofasocialharmonyof interestsin

yeachindividualofhisownfree-

li eperfectingofthepowersof

ganizedsociety,isthe perma-

ustrialmovementtomorals—

tthecontributionofa problem.

g,thecenturiessincethefourteenth

hey mar thetransitionalperiod

alledmedievalperiodrepresents

angedoutwardconditions,of

ousarticulationofgenuinely

ettocome,andtilli tcomesthe

remainundesc ribed. vB j j t the

e h h a s ^

cience,democracyandcommerce,is

tarian^ c ientif ic, af terthemodernmode,

wton sinf luenc edyesdeepthe

eenthcentury.Thearrangements

en describedintermsofa homoge-

wor edbytwoopposedandcom-


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useamethodofanalysis,of

,andofmathematicaldeduction

etailshadbeenfollowed.Theim-

hcenturywasaN ewtonianimag-

nolessinsocialthaninphysicalmatters.

oralsisabouttobec omeane peri-

, almostinourownday, Mill sin-

alscienceledhimtoreformulate

alin uiry , soallthegreatmenof

einsearchfortheorganonof mor-

ephysicaltriumphsof N ewton.

ysic shashaditsB ac onandN ewton

aconinH elvetius,butstillawaits

eavesusinnodoubtthatatthe

eady,modestlybutfirmly,to

s missingfigure.

urnishedtheconcrete

ovation.Theutilitariansbor-

iththenotionthatthroughindus-

ocietythe individualpursuinghis

guidanceofthe invisiblehand,

odmoreeffectuallythanif he

ea wasdressedoutinthe atom-

rtleybuiltoutf rom oc e—and

o latereconomists.

chwriterswhohadsought to

mocraticindividualism,camethe

pervertedpoliticalinstitutions

sandbringthemintohostility,

sagainstclass,individualagainst

alproblemisthat reformoflaw

riminal,ofadministration,and

cetheindividualtofind his

chconducetothe welfareof


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





satoolofcriticism,operative

n,utilitarianismfailedtomea-

veneedsofthetime. tstheoret-

oodof eachwiththatofeveryother

byitse cessiveinterestinthe

gclasses. tsspeculativedefect

ycombinedwiththisnarrowness

of thec onstruc tivewor thatneeds

eforeallcanhave,otherwisethanin

tocountinthecommongood.Thus

nofeconomicstopoliticswasre-

ofbothpolitics andethicsina

cprofit andutilitarianism,inits

ns, profferedthedis ointedpiec esofa

onousreiterationthatifloo edat

llyharmoniousorganism.

tente perienc e, of thisfailure,

socialtraditionsandambitions,

m,thetranscendentalmoralsof

Germanthoughtstrovetopre-

boundculturetothe past,while

renderthemcapableof meeting

dweaponsathandin theconcep-

nlawfrom toic philosophy, and

hprotestanthumanismhadre-

cism.Grotiushadmadetheideaof

ndobligation,thecentralidea of

ghlyas oc ehadmadetheindi-

happinessthe focusof nglish

culation.Materializedidealismisthe

hthepopulardemandforvivid

onciledwiththee uallystrong

moralvalues andthecomplete

toicismhasalwaysgivenitsideas

allproportionto theirtheoretical


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





Protestant,thatistheGerman,

w , thebondofharmoniousreasonin

bleintercourseamongmen,the

onscience,unitedC icero, t.

sedunion gavearational, not

rals,andprovidedroomfor

hesametimecouldeasily be

essapplication.

ssof empiricalandhenceirrele-

efugewithin thisliberaland

thatthe ideaofreasoncouldbe

bystrippingitna edofthese

thenprovided,inhiscriti ues,a

vingvanfortransferringthere-

easonoutf romnatureandtheob-

oc atingitinnew uarters, w ithanew

wc ustomers. Thenew uarterswere

iv iduals thestoc ofgoodswere

dthefunctionsof thoughtby

swovenintodurablefabrics the

ietyofindividualsinwhichall

ereoughtto beanin unction

outHume sawa eningofhimshould

nc onne ionw ithhisothersay ing

imtohimself,inteachinghim that

ccountthanthelaborerinthe

stohumanfreedom.B utnone

e universalreason,andtheold

tumultuousindividual,couldnot

becameamerevoicewhichhav-

say,said aw,Duty,ingen-

tingsocialorderofthePrussia of

ec ongenialtas ofdec laring ust

concrete.Themarriageoffree-

scelebratedwiththeunder-


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ntalprimacywenttotheformer

othelatter.

salreason whichhad

omainsofthecosmosintothe

vidualityconceivedasmerely em-

larizedcreatureofsense,could

plosion.Theproductsofthat

ePost- antianphilosophies. t

toattempttof illintheempty

oncretecontentsofhistory.The

voiceofA ristotle, Thomasof

translatedinto wabianGerman but

ndsofMontes uieu, H erder, C on-

calschool.Theoutcomewas

reason,andreasonishistory:

tional istheactual. tgavethe

chHegel didnotstrenuously

ecificallyanidealizationofthe

entallyasystematizedapolo-

rge. B utinintellectualand

eideaofprocessabovethat of

dends, andpresentedthesoc ialand

eintellectual,asasceneofbe-

sonsomewherewithinthestrug-

pidfermentationandasucces-

sarethusthe chiefnotesofmodern

raditionalism,empiricismand

ismsandallembracingideal-

allthemoreflourish,onesus-

e. pencere ultsthatnatural

pidtransitsystemof evolutionis

tothegoalofa perfectmanina

s nglishidealistic c ontemporary is

alfromnature ofitsmoral uali-


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





hatitma esnodifference,since

ownthroughaspiritualprinciple

atureis changing.A nA miel

adenceoftheinnerlife,whilehis

dishesinrudeecstasythebanner

pyomenofthefinalvictoryof

nableconclusionfromsucha

ingplaceatransformationofatti-

yratherthanmerepropaga-

ories.Theclassictheoriesall

yalla li eassumedthee istenc e

onum,thefinal goal andof

hichmovestothatgoal.

towhetherthe endisanaggre-

fconsciousness,en oymentof

nowledgmentofthelawofduty,or

nt. otheyhavedisputedasto

goalistobe reached:fearor

eforpurelaworpity forothers

uttheseverycontroversiesimply

eendandtheone means.

ude,towhich referred,is

proper businessofintelligence

eandpresentgoodsand ofthe

oftheirrealization notsearchfor

ogressof biologyhasaccus-

otionthatintelligenceisnotan

premelybutstaticallyoverthe

, butthatitisamethodofad ust-

nditionswithinspecificsituations.

onthatsub ec ttoldus, hasdiscov-

ocess.Thegeneticstandpoint

hesystemsof thepastare

urenorabsoluterevelations but

l,economicandscientificcondi-


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swithitchangeofreflective

tionthatintelligenceisprop-

mentindif f ic ultsituationsma es

eories wereofvaluesofaras

e thesocialperple itiesfrom

tthechiefimpactofthe evolu-

present.Theoryhaving

s maderesponsibleforthebet-

eedstobedone,and whatonlya

gencecando:tostudythecondi-

eobstaclesandthe resourcesof

elopandtest theideaswhich,as

aybeusedtodiminishthe causesof

pandthesourcesofgood.This

butonlyunfamiliaritywithit

clusionthatitislessvaguethan

glemoralidealand asinglemoral

thereisnoseparatebodyof

tesystemofmotivepowers nosep-

moral now ledge, andhenceno

ethicalscience. fthebusinessof

euponman sfinalend,andupon

ht,it istoutilizephysiology,an-

ytodiscoverallthatcanbedis-

cpowersandpropensities. f

hfortheone separatemoralmo-

einstrumentalitiesofthesocial

onomicsandpoliticalscienceupon

entmethodsofimprovingthe

eourpeacew iththepast, andto

nginggoodsoflifein asingle

appinessisthe onemostapt.

c hangefreemoralsforsterilemeta-


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





t happiness isany lessuni ue

perienc eit any lessc omple

eircapacities,oranyless variable

whichtheircapacitiesaredirected.

ere,soulsofan earliercentury,

hatall trueandworthfulscience

usesseemedfraughtwithdanger

herival conceptionofawide

withoutboundsintimeor space,

or destiny,theuniversewith

.Wenowfacein moralsciencea

portunity, aswellasshareinali e

olitionofafi edandfinalgoal

did not,asmatteroffact,render

portantorlessattainable. twas

sionofatechni ueofpersistent

allspec ialf ieldsof fac t, atechni ue

ofunsuspectedforcesandthe

ofuses. nli efashionwemay

nofthefinal goalandthesingle

arateandinfalliblefacultyin

n uiry intoallthediversityofspec i-

,fi attentionuppiiiireirconditions

owdimandobscure.The

romresponsibilityforwhatthey

otethoughtfulconsiderationof

definitionofresponsibilityfor

auseo failure~to f f iinTT^f f iglTt

goodsw illfallintothebac -

nofma ingmoresureande ten-

nnaturalandsocialgoodswill be

escapedorevaded.

stoitsfirstlove loveofthe

ture ismother,ofgood.B utit

princ iplee uippedw ithamultitude


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





uiryandtesting w ithanorgan-

e,andwithcontrolofthearrange-

awandeducationmay

blemoftheparticipationbyall

r capacityofabsorption,inall

aythenwellleavetopoetryand

sticallyperformedbyphilosophy

getherandroundingout,into

parateandspecialgoodsof life.

w iththeassuranc ethattheresultant

yfinaland allinclusivegood,

orespecif ic goodtotheen oyable

hroughmostofthe harsh

eideaofan e perimentalbasisand

eshiverinthefear thatmoralswill

onfusion—aview welle pressed

yingthatifthe aprioriandtran-

sbeabandoned weshallhave

ythatnowe istsinphysicsand

herelur stheapprehensionthatthe

odwilldeliverthepurposive

ndandfootto thefataldecrees

turallaw.Thenotionthat laws

animisticsurvival. tisa prod-

rmsofpoliticsinorderthen to

sin thelightofsupposedsanc-

ssed frommedievaltheology

on,towhomtheuniversewasthe

hoselawswerethelaws ofna-

passedintothedeismoftheeigh-

migratedintothephilosophyof

ma eitslaststandin pencer s

environmentandthestaticgoal.

hangeableorder,unwinding


/ h t t p : / / w w w . h





thereeloflawunder thecontrol

indefinitecongeriesofchanges.

ntalregulationswhichlimit

ntformulationsofselectedpor-

roughalongeror shorterperiod

din thosestatisticalforms

thematicalmanipulation.That

mbolizationpresagesthesub-

elligentefforttof i ityof lawand

asaculturesurvival,but isnot

y. avageandchilddelightin

ch,inconcealingtheiroriginand

sandshuddersmaybehad.

eenthcenturyoutdidthese bug-

eduniversehungonac ast- iron

ecessaryanduniversallaws. now-

ean sub ectiontopredestination,

change aninsightwhichis

thatis, methodsofsubse uentpro-

^ ° ° a n < * n r mA U r i r ma r f p y c ^ a l

pprimpntalsripnppandgrpriptir:hifi-

doublename:increaseofcontrol

ity increaseofpowertodirect

aseofresponsibilityforitse uit-

rgood.Theorylocatedwithin

adofreigningstaticallysupreme

elfmaderesponsibletointelli-

ewhic hrelentlesslysc ut aiaeathe, nnn-

c tic e, andwhiche ac tsliabilitybyan

ss^ A slongasmoralsoc c upies

esandconditionsasthey are

practic al men, sinc etheyarethen

cesinturningthesetotheir own

alistsplumethemselvesuponpos-


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e categoricalimperativewith

ecutivehabitswillalwaysbeat

econcretesocialconditions

awgets itsactualfillingof

henfreedomis conceivedtobe

iverestraintofimmediateneces-

uponthemassof men.

attheyc ando. Theyrefrain

otdo.Theydowhat theirown

nctionwiththelimitationsand

entpermit.Theeffectivecon-

hroughprecepts,butthrough

itions. fthisregulationis

ysicalorcoercive,butmoral,it

entselectionanddetermina-

whichweact andinanintelli-

sibility fortheuseofmen spowers.

e motive tomorality,tovirtue

ircumstances.What then,one

onofthema e-upofhumanna-

rtueandto goodness The

ssuc ha uestion, if itbe ustified,

onofmorals.

n^ fromdiscriminationof

,fromnotingtheirconditionsand

s ofdevisingmethodsforhold-

eirconcreteuseof powersand

rmedwithsocialsanctionsthe

ation. A llmenre uiremoral

t: thec onsentof their ind. Not

oinsaneto feignit.N oman

usiveapprovalofhisownconscience.

practicalmattersbythe remote


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ntalmoralshastobefilledin

tisf illedinwithc lass-c odes,

provals—withcodeswhichrecom-

bitsalreadycurrentina given

ion,trade,industry,clubor

lwaysleanbac uponandsup-

fessedidealcode.Thislatter

f-way.B einginitspretencea

ice,itmustdemonstrateits

yin isolation,andtravelshastily

andaccommodationtheactual

rationality.Wherethe pressure

alpracticeofthepoliticaland

ereitaccommodatesthemost.

esanctions,underthecaptionof

oms theyare recommendations,

f whatthemembersoftheclass

odoing. f therearetoobtain

prehensiveprinc iplesofac tion, e -

erciseofnaturalpowerandre-

acommongood,itwillbebecause

onger restcontentinresponsi-

ditionsconstituteitsconscience,

oa societywhoseconscienceis

anizedintelligence.

lonew illthe oc ratic in unc tionto

efulf illed.


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U I V E R S I T P R E S S

ftwenty-onelec turesdesc riptiveinnon-technic allanguageof

ence,PhilosophyandArt, andindicatingthepresent

sasc onc eptsofhuman now ledge, weredeliveredatColum-

ac ademic year1 07-1 0 , byvariousprofessorsc hosen

partmentsofinstruction.

, b y C a s s iu s a c s o n e ys e r, A d r a i n Pr o fe s so r o f Ma t he -

r n es t o N i c ho l s, P r of e ss o r of x p e ri m en t al P h ys i cs .

, b y H a r ol d a c ob y , R u t he r fu r d Pr o fe s so r o f A s t ro n om y .

a m es u r ma n e mp , P ro f es s or o f G eo l og y .

y d m un d B . W i l s o n, P r of e ss o r of Z o o l o gy .

, b y r e de r ic . e e , Pr o fe s so r o f Ph y si o lo g y.

rbertMauleR ic hards, ProfessorofB otany.

y H e n r y . C r a m p to n , Pr o fe s so r o f Z o o lo g y.

O G , b y r a nz B o a s , P ro f es s or o f A n t h ro p ol o gy .

O G , b y a me s R i g n al l W h e el e r, P r of e ss o r of G r ee A r c h a eo l og y

a m es H a r v e y R o b in s on , Pr o fe s so r o f H i s to r y.

, b y H e n r y R o g er s e a ge r , Pr o fe s so r o f Po l it i ca l c on o my .

y C h a r le s A . B e a rd , A d u n ct P r of e ss o r of P o li t ic s .

C E , b y M un r oe m i th , P ro f es s or o f R o m a n a w a nd C o m -

.

, b y r a n l i n H e n ry G i dd i ng s , Pr o fe s so r o f o ci o lo g y.

Y , byN ic holasMurrayB utler, Presidentof theUniversity.

, b y R o b er t . W o o d wo r th , A d u n ct P r of e ss o r of P s yc ho l og y .

S , b y r e de r ic . . W o o d br i dg e , o h ns o ni a n Pr o fe s so r o f

ohnDewey, ProfessorofPhilosophy.

, B y A . V . W . a c s o n ,P ro fe ss or o f n do - r an ia n a ng ua ge s.

, b y H a r r y Th u rs t on P e c , A n t ho n P ro f es s or o f t he a t in a n -

edbytheC olumbiaUniversityPressseparatelyin

ormpriceoftwenty-fivecents,bymailtwenty-eigfit

enfortheseparatepamphlets,orfor thewholeseries.

lume, bluecloth, at 5. 00net bymail, S 5. 27.


ew or


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R N UN iV E R S


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Dewey, John - Ethics