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Devops Workshop (Section 2) John Willis @botchagalupe

Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

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Page 1: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Devops Workshop (Section 2)

John Willis @botchagalupe

Page 2: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with
Page 3: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Section 2 - Analyzing the Technology Value Stream

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What is Value?

Page 5: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Customer Value

vs

Business Value

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Organizational Fact Finding

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The Seven Archetypes

1. Work Visibility 2. Work Management Systems 3. Tribal vs Institutional Knowledge 4. Misalignment 5. Organizational Orientation 6. Observability 7. Security and Compliance Theater

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You can’t Lean, Agile, SAFE or Devops your way around bad

organizational culture.

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Solutions

1. Make All Work Visible 2. Consolidate Work Management Systems 3. Theory of Constraints Methodology 4. Collaboration Hacks 5. Toyota Kata (Coaching Kata) 6. Market Oriented Organized 7. Shift Left Auditors

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Page 12: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with
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Graphical StoryTelling

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Classic Value Stream Mapping

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Graphical Storytelling

Map end-to-end process1

Identify wastes, inefficiencies, bottlenecks2

Identify countermeasures3

Black Pen

Red Pen

Blue Pen

Page 17: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Graphical Storytelling (Day One)

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Graphical Storytelling (Day Two)

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Graphical Storytelling (Day Two)

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Understanding the Value Stream

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The Value Stream

If you can't describe what you are doing as a process, you don't know what you're doing.

Dr W. Edwards Deming

3

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The Value Stream

▪ Value Stream

▪ The sequence of activities an organization undertakes to deliver upon a customer request.

▪ The sequence of activities required to design, produce, and deliver a service to a customer.

3

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The Value Stream

▪ Workflow (flow)

▪ The workflow of a Value Stream ▪ The waste (Muda) of the work ▪ The evenness (Mura) of the work

3

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The Value Stream

▪ Lead Time

▪ The time it takes one piece to move all the way through a process of the value stream from start to finish.

▪ Lead time clock starts when the request is made and ends at delivery.

▪ Lead time is what the customer sees.

3

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The Value Stream

▪ Cycle Time

▪ How Often a part or product actually is completed by a process, as timed by observation.

▪ Cycle time clock starts when work begins on the request and ends when the item is ready for delivery.

▪ Cycle time is a more mechanical measure of process capability.

3

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The Value Stream

3

Request StartWork

Delivery

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The Value Stream

▪ Devops Value Stream

▪ Create an idea ▪ Add work to the backlog ▪ Create a user story ▪ Implement as code ▪ Check into version control ▪ Deploy into production ▪ Validate the customer experience

3

Lead Time

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The Value Stream

▪ Devops Value Stream

▪ Create an idea ▪ Add work to the backlog ▪ Create a user story ▪ Implement as code ▪ Check into version control ▪ Deploy into production ▪ Validate the customer experience

3

Cycle Time

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The Value Stream

▪ Two Types of Lead Time

▪ Design Lead Time ▪ Design and Development

▪ Deployment Lead Time ▪ Test and Operations

3

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The Value Stream

▪ Design Lead Time Example

▪ Create an idea ▪ Add work to the backlog ▪ Create a user story ▪ Implement as code ▪ Check into version control ▪ Deploy into production ▪ Validate the customer experience

3

DesignLead Time

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The Value Stream

▪ Design Lead Time

▪ Typically new work ▪ Uncertain estimates ▪ Outcomes have high variability

3

Page 32: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

The Value Stream

▪ Deployment Lead Time

▪ Create an idea ▪ Add work to the backlog ▪ Create a user story ▪ Implement as code ▪ Check into version control ▪ Deploy into production ▪ Validate the customer experience

3

Deployment Lead Time

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The Value Stream

▪ Deployment Lead Time

▪ Repeatable process (automated) ▪ Process times should be predictable ▪ Outcomes have lower variability

3

Page 34: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

The Value Stream

▪ How do we reduce Deployment Lead Time in the Workflow

▪ Small Batch ▪ Reduce Work in Process (WIP) ▪ 1x1 Flow ▪ Reduce Bottlenecks (TOC) ▪ Optimize Globally

3

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Value Stream Mapping

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The Value Stream

3

Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions

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We are doing Graphical Storytelling with VSM notation

Page 43: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Apply Lean Waste Analysis

Structured Waste Identification

Free-form waste identification

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Start with Structured Waste Classification

Inspired by Mary Poppendieck (original) and Jeff Anderson (adaptation)

Page 45: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Countermeasures

Countermeasures should be:

● Actionable

● Preferably backlog ready

● Preferably small batches of work

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Use the VSM to design Kanban Board. Use Kanban to track/manage daily work.

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Flow

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Maximize Flow

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Flow

▪ Maximize Flow (The Work)

▪ Make Work Visible ▪ Reduce Batch Sizes ▪ Limit WIP ▪ Eliminate Waste ▪ Reduce Bottlenecks

3

Page 53: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Maximize Flow (The Work)

▪ Make Work Visible ▪ Reduce Batch Sizes ▪ Limit WIP ▪ Eliminate Waste ▪ Reduce Bottlenecks

3

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The Five Thieves of Time

• To Much Work in Process (WIP) • Unknown Dependancies • Unplanned Work • Conflicting Priorities • Neglected Work

Making Work Visible - Dominica DeGrandis

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Flow

▪ Make work visible with storyboards

▪ Scrum ▪ Scrumban ▪ Kanban

3

Page 56: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Kanban

▪ Card Wall ▪ Activities ▪ Work Items

3Source: Wikipedia - Kanban Board

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Flow

▪ Kanban (advanced)

▪ Two Tiered ▪ Swim Lanes ▪ WIP Limits ▪ Blockers

3Source: David J Anderson - jaa.com

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Flow

▪ Metrics and Management Reporting

▪ Tracking WIP ▪ Lead Time ▪ Throughput ▪ Flow Efficiency ▪ Failure Load

3Source: Gene Kim - itrevolution.com

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Flow

▪ The Kanban Game

3Source: Gene Kim - itrevolution.com

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Flow

3

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The Phoenix Project

I conclude, “So… For the Phoenix task, assuming we have seven handoffs, and that each of those resources is busy ninety percent of the time, the tasks would spend in queue a total of nine hours times the seven steps…”

“What? Sixty-three hours, just in queue time?” Wes says, incredulously. “That’s impossible!”

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The Phoenix Project

I conclude, “So… For the Phoenix task, assuming we have seven handoffs, and that each of those resources is busy ninety percent of the time, the tasks would spend in queue a total of nine hours times the seven steps…”

“What? Sixty-three hours, just in queue time?” Wes says, incredulously. “That’s impossible!”

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Work Management Improvement Cycle

Make Work Visible

Use Visibility to Improve

System Behavior

System Behavior • Flow of Work • Handoffs • Batch Size • Work Process • Nature of Work* • Knowledge Sharing • Common Awareness

Adjust or Consolidate

Work Management to Make Work

Visible

Overcoming Inefficiencies in Multiple Work Management Systems - IT Revolution Press

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Countermeasures

• Make Work Visible • Work can be Accurately Classified • Better Understand Waste (5 Thieves) • Complete Information • Better E2E Understanding • Can Analyze Bottlenecks (TOC) • Can Create Repeatability (Automation)

Page 66: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Maximize Flow (The Work)

▪ Make Work Visible ▪ Reduce Batch Sizes ▪ Limit WIP ▪ Eliminate Waste ▪ Reduce Bottlenecks

3

Page 67: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

3

Page 68: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Small Batch

▪ Faster Feedback ▪ Mean Time to Detect is Faster ▪ Mean Time to Resolve is faster ▪ Reduces Risk ▪ Less Overhead

3

Page 69: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Single Piece Flow vs Mass Production

▪ The Envelope Stuffing Exercise ▪ Mass Production

▪ Stuff 10 envelopes in mass ▪ Single Piece Flow

▪ Do one envelope at a time

3

Page 70: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr67i5SdXiM

Page 71: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Single Piece Flow (1X1)

▪ No inventory reduces Cycle Time ▪ Create smoother workflow ▪ Catch errors earlier ▪ Creates learning opportunities

3

Page 72: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Small Batch and Single Piece Flow (Software)

▪ Small piece of code (e.g., feature) ▪ Checkin to source control ▪ Merge into truck ▪ Testing ▪ Deployment

3

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Flow

▪ Small Batch Summary

▪ Easier to identify the source of a bug ▪ Easier to debug recently written code ▪ Fewer external dependancies ▪ Instant feedback

3

Page 74: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Maximize Flow (The Work)

▪ Make Work Visible ▪ Reduce Batch Sizes ▪ Limit WIP ▪ Eliminate Waste ▪ Reduce Bottlenecks

3

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Flow

▪ Understanding Knowledge Work

▪ Cognitive Work ▪ Interruptions ▪ Context Switching ▪ Multitasking ▪ Reduce Handoffs

3

Page 76: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ WIP Limits

▪ Regulates Flow ▪ Reduces Multitasking ▪ Reduces Context Switching ▪ Emergent

3

Source: David J Anderson - jaa.com

Page 77: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ WIP Limits

▪ Queues ▪ Buffers

3

Page 78: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow

▪ Maximize Flow (The Work)

▪ Make Work Visible ▪ Reduce Batch Sizes ▪ Limit WIP ▪ Eliminate Waste ▪ Reduce Bottlenecks

3

Page 79: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow (Waste)

▪ Lean Principles (Review)

▪ Eliminate waste ▪ Amplify learning ▪ Decide as late as possible ▪ Deliver as fast as possible ▪ Empower the team ▪ Build integrity in ▪ See the whole

3

Page 80: Devops Workshop (Section 2)€¦ · Devops Value Stream ... Value Stream Mapping. The Value Stream 3 Source: Damon Edwards - DTO Solutions. We are doing Graphical Storytelling with

Flow (Waste)

▪ Three Types of Waste (Toyota Production Systems)

▪ Muda (Unproductive) ▪ Mura (Inconsistent) ▪ Muri (Unreasonableness)

3

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Flow (Waste)

▪ Seven Wastes

3Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muda_(Japanese_term)#Seven_wastes

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Flow (Waste)

▪ Lean Software Development (Principles)

▪ Eliminate Waste ▪ Build Quality In ▪ Create Knowledge ▪ Defer Commitment ▪ Deliver Fast ▪ Respect People ▪ Optimize The Whole

3

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Flow (Waste)

▪ Lean Software Development (Wastes)

▪ Unnecessary code or functionality ▪ Starting more than can be completed ▪ Delay in the software development process ▪ Unclear or constantly changing requirements ▪ Bureaucracy ▪ Slow or ineffective communication ▪ Partially done work ▪ Defects and quality issues ▪ Task switching

3

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Example (Ticketing Systems)

• Too Many Ticketing Systems? • Hard to Manage Work (No Visibility) • Inconsistent Messaging • Hard to impossible to Correlation • Low Accurately • Perpetuates Toil • Motivates Workarounds (gamification)

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Countermeasures

Overcoming Inefficiencies in Multiple Work Management Systems - IT Revolution Press

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Countermeasures

Overcoming Inefficiencies in Multiple Work Management Systems - IT Revolution Press

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Countermeasures

Overcoming Inefficiencies in Multiple Work Management Systems - IT Revolution Press

Requires Development Based

Methodology

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Flow (Bottlenecks)

▪ Maximize Flow (The Work)

▪ Make Work Visible ▪ Reduce Batch Sizes ▪ Limit WIP ▪ Eliminate Waste ▪ Reduce Bottlenecks

3

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Flow (Bottlenecks)

3

“In any value stream, there is always a direction of flow, and there is always one and only one constraint; any improvement not made at that

constraint is an illusion.”

Eliyahu Goldratt

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Flow

▪ Drum-Buffer-Rope

3

Source: Wikipedia - Drum-Buffer-Rope

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Flow (Bottlenecks)

▪ The five focusing steps

▪ Identify the system's constraint(s). ▪ Decide how to exploit the system's constraint(s). ▪ Subordinate everything else to the above decision(s). ▪ Elevate the system's constraint(s). ▪ Warning! If in the previous steps a constraint has been broken, go

back to step 1

3

Source: Wikipedia - Theory of Constraints

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Flow (Bottlenecks)

▪ Smoothing Bottlenecks

▪ WIP Limit ▪ Queues ▪ Buffers

3

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Drum Buffer Rope (TOC)

3

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Drum Buffer Rope (TOC)

3

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Drum Buffer Rope (TOC)

3