26
Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent Biofilm Implant Related Infections Dustin Williams, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedics University of Utah Ryan Looper, PhD Associate Professor Department of Chemistry University of Utah Paul Sebahar, PhD Director Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core Facility University of Utah

Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent Biofilm Implant‐Related InfectionsDustin Williams, PhDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Utah

Ryan Looper, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Utah

Paul Sebahar, PhDDirectorSynthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Core FacilityUniversity of Utah

Page 2: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Disclosure• Curza

• Chief Scientific Officer

• Sponsored research –University of Utah

• Travel

Page 3: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Reminiscing Moment

• Dr. Darouiche

• Journal of Inconsequential Results

Page 4: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Goal• Provide overview of what the world is facing with biofilm implant‐related infections / how we are addressing the issues.

• 3‐fold approach• Background – impact of biofilms on medical devices

• Current strategies in clinical use to address biofilm‐related infections

• Technologies under development / factors to consider – what more can we do?

Page 5: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Early Indicators

Marrie et al. Circ 1982;66:1339-1341Gristina et al. Inf ect Surg 1984:655-662

Page 6: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Impact of Biofilmson Medical Devices

www.cdc.gov

•Infection is a catastrophic outcome

•Hospital Associated Infections (HAI) pose tremendous burden

Page 7: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Impact of Biofilmson Medical Devices

• Rates of device‐related infection range

from 1‐10%, as high as 50% 

Darouiche, N Eng J Med 2004;350:1422-1429Gustilo et al., J Trauma 1984;24:742-746Busscher et al., Biomaterials 2012;4:153rv10

Page 8: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Problem: Antibiotic Resistance

• Biofilms up to 1,000x more resistant to antibiotics

• CDC Threat Report 2013“Antimicrobial resistance is one of our most serious health threats.”

www.cdc.govDrenkard, Microbe Infect 2003;5:1213-1219Williams et al., Curr Microbiol 2011;62:1657-1663

Page 9: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

How Do We Currently Fight Biofilms?

bing.com/imagesoxititan.comsmith-nephew.comethicon.comhydromer.comHetrick and Schoenfisch, Chem Soc Rev 2006;35:780-789Klemm, Clin Microbiol Infec 2001;7:28-31

Antibiotics

Coatings:Active release

Passive

Common agents:Silver

GentamicinTriclosan

Page 10: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Products in Clinical UseSynthes Expert Tibial

Nail PROtectBard Bardex IC 

Catheter

PDLLA CoatedGentamicin

Initial 21 patients, good results

Silver‐loaded hydrogelVariable results 

Short term more beneficial

Schmidmaier et al., Biom Assoc Infect 2012;Chpt 17:436‐454Verleyen et al., Eur Urol 1999;36:240‐246Thibon et al., J Hosp Infect 2000;45:117‐124Karchmer et al., Arch Int Med 2000;160:3294‐3298Genovesi et al., Minerva Stomatol 2014;EpubJaved et al., Curr Drug Deliv 2013;63:169‐176

Arestin Microspheres

MinocyclineVariable results

Page 11: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Products in Clinical UseArrowGard and Vantex CVC Vicryl Plus

Sutures

Triclosan releaseVariable, but mostly  

beneficial

More effective:Silver/chlorhexidine

Silver/platinum/carbon

Less effective:Silver only 

Benzalkonium chloride

Darouiche, BiomAssoc Infect 2012;Chpt 19:485‐503Brooks et al., Biom Assoc Infect 2012;Chpt 13:307‐354Chen et al., Eur J Surg Oncol 2011;37:300‐304Ueno et al., Spine J 2013;Epub

Page 12: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Additional Devicesin Clinical Use

• PalacosG bone cement ‐ gentamicin

• Palacos R+G bone cement – gentamicin

• CMW2 bone cement ‐ gentamicin

• Agento IC Endotracheal tube – silver

• ACTICOAT dressing – silver

• HyGentic – silver

• TegadermAg dressing – silver

• ACTISORB dressing – silver

• Contreet Foam dressing – silver

bard.comsmith‐nephew.combasf.com3m.comcoloplast.combiomet.comzimmer.comdepuy.com

Variable results

Page 13: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Why the Variability?

• Few suggestions:

• Stagnant broth solutions

• MIC values   ≠ to antibiofilm activity• 70 kg male, 40 L volume• Final concentration of 25 µg/mL

• Biofilms as initial inocula

Williams et al., Biomaterials 2012;33:8641‐8656Williams et al., J Biomed Mat Res B 2012;100:1163‐1169Sinclair et al., J Biomed Mat Res B 2013;10:1143‐1153

Page 14: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Summary of CurrentTechnologies

• Polytherapy

• Silver alone• Variable Consistent 

• Primarily antibiotic agents• Resistance, reduced efficacy global concern

• Innovation still in demand

Page 15: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Future Technologies

Imagination  Fosters  Innovation 

Page 16: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Smart Coatings

• Degrade when bacteria are present

• Nano / microsensors to detect bacteria

Zhou et al., JACS 2010;132:6566‐6570Quanterix.com

Page 17: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Combination Therapies

Busscher et al., Biomater 2012;4:153rv10

Page 18: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Modified Surfaces

• Superhydrophobic / 

hydrophobic coatings

• Black silicon• Dragonfly wing

• Si3N4

• SharkletNeverwet.comIvanova et al., Nat Comm 2013;4:2838Amedica.comSharklet.com

Page 19: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

New Antimicrobials:Biofilms in Mind

• Bismuth thiols – Microbion

• Seldox – Selenium, Ltd. / Emergent Technologies, Inc.

• cis‐2‐decenoic acid – disperse biofilms, Dr. David Davies

• CSA‐13 ‐ n8 Medical / Biocare

• Imidazoles – disperse biofilms, Agile Sciences

• Dispersin B – inhibit and disperse biofilms, Kane Biotech

• Quorum sensing inhibitors –inhibit biofilm, Dr. Bonnie Bassler

• CZ Compounds – inhibit, disperse and kill biofilms, Curza

Page 20: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Organism MIC (µg/mL) MBEC (µg/mL) EBEC (µg/mL)

MRSA 1 15 250CZ‐86

Organism MIC (µg/mL) MBEC (µg/mL) EBEC (µg/mL)

MRSA 2 >500 >20,000Vancomycin

105 planktonic bacteria 103  biofilm bacteria

109 biofilm bacteria

Efficacy of CZ Compounds

Page 21: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Dispersing MRSA BiofilmsWater Only

0.25% CZ‐86

27%

83%

0.25%Glutaraldehyde

51%

Page 22: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Water Only 0.25% CZ‐25

Dispersing MRSA Biofilms

Page 23: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Active Release Coating Strategy

Page 24: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Conclusion• Biofilm‐related infections pose threat

• Current technologies efficacy declining• Innovations necessary

• Promising technologies under development

Page 25: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Ryan Looper, PhD Director of Chemistry

James Clarke Chairman

Ryan DaviesCEO

Acknowledgments

Travis HaussenerHari  ReddyJulia LerdahlRalph GochnourScott SmithAndrew Grange

Naomi StarksShirley LuoWill GochnourLogan HorneGina Allyn

Technical Team

Todd Kinard, JD VP Legal

Paul Sebahar, PhD Medicinal Chemist

Page 26: Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ...€¦ · Medical Device Technologies: Potential to Treat and Prevent ... Schmidmaieret al., BiomAssocInfect 2012; ... Brooks

Thank You!