Upload
iris-carr
View
237
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Outline
I. Crime is normal & Deviance is relative
II. History of sociology of devianceA. From deviance to social control
III. 2 dimensions of social controlA. Style (penal, comp, etc.)
B. Arena (law, norms, etc.)
IV. Design as Social Control
Take-Aways
• Crime is normal• Deviance is relative• Conformity-Deviance as continuum with socially
designated cutoff point• Social control varies
– Law as small part of social control– Norms as the “social” in social control– Sociology seeks to understand distribution of control
• Terms/Concepts: deviance, conformity, norm, social control, label, detterence
Crime is Normal
• Durkheim: distinguish normal and pathological
• Present in every society
• Even a society of angels…
• SOCIALLY pathological if rate too high or low
It does not offend the collective because it is a crime; it is a crime because it offends the collective…
All Behavior Varies and Groups Have a Collective Sense of “How we do it”
• Two possibilities
Under “Acceptable” Over
“Acceptable”
Different
All Behavior Varies and Groups Have a Collective Sense of “How we do it”
Another way to look at it…
US US
THEM THEM
THEM
Example: Abortion
When can pregnancies be ended?
Conception
BirthUS Law
Never! “Morning after” Pill only
Deviance is relative
• Changes from one society/group to another
• Changes over time
• Classic example of social construct
• But still very real to the group
Deviance is relative: Examples
• Date rape• Honor killings• Hate crime• Enron• Fashion• Smoking• Safe sex• Littering
Social Control Varies
• By Arena– State– Organization– Society
• By Style– Penal
Compensation– Conciliation– Therapy– Prevention– Reform
Black’s Styles of Social Control
Style Focus Where Found
Penal Conduct Criminal Law
Compensatory Consequences Contract Law, Torts
Therapeutic Person Juvenile justice, social work
Conciliatory RelationshipMediation, marital conflict, labor conflict
Prevention OpportunityArchitecture, community policing, private property, personal safety
Reform Causes Social “problems”
Arenas of Social Control
• First Party (self) control– Personal Ethics
• Second Party control– Contracts
• Third Party control– State : Law– Organizations : Rules– Society : Norms
Norms and Informal Control
• Most of the social control burden
• More efficient than law or rules
• Everyone is a controller
• Examples abound– Driving, restroom behavior, classroom
behavior, bodily control, queuing & waiting, sharing space, neighbors, health and sanitation, …
How do you test for a norm?
• Patterns of behavior
• Aspirational statements
• Societal reaction to violations