Developments needed in Curricula to prepare Military Officers and Defence Officials for their Roles in dealing with Future Defence and Security Challenges

Developments needed in Curricula to Developments needed in Curricula to prepare Military Officers and prepare Military Officers and

Defence Officials for their Roles in Defence Officials for their Roles in dealing with Future Defence and dealing with Future Defence and

Security ChallengesSecurity Challenges

SequenceSequence

Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues Moot PointsMoot Points CurriculumCurriculum Conclusion Conclusion

IntroductionIntroduction

If no nuclear holocaust takes place, then If no nuclear holocaust takes place, then conventional war appears to be in the final conventional war appears to be in the final stages of abolishing itself; if one does take stages of abolishing itself; if one does take place, then it will already have abolished place, then it will already have abolished itself. This dilemma does not mean that itself. This dilemma does not mean that perpetual peace is on its way, much less perpetual peace is on its way, much less that organized violence is coming to an end. that organized violence is coming to an end. As war between states exits through one As war between states exits through one side of history’s revolving door, low-side of history’s revolving door, low-intensity conflict among different intensity conflict among different organizations will enter through the otherorganizations will enter through the other

IntroductionIntroduction

Future Security Challenges / IssuesFuture Security Challenges / Issues

TerrorismTerrorism

976 major acts of international terrorism 976 major acts of international terrorism committed from year 2003 to 2005 with an committed from year 2003 to 2005 with an annual average of 325annual average of 325

Ian Bellany Ian Bellany

Pakistan’s Role in Countering Pakistan’s Role in Countering TerrorismTerrorism

In 2006, in Pakistan 657 terrorist attacks, In 2006, in Pakistan 657 terrorist attacks, including 41 of sectarian nature were including 41 of sectarian nature were perpetrated, leaving 907 people dead and perpetrated, leaving 907 people dead and 1,543 others injured 1,543 others injured

‘‘Pak Institute for Peace Studies’Pak Institute for Peace Studies’Pakistan is signatory to 11 United Nations Pakistan is signatory to 11 United Nations

Counter Terrorism conventionsCounter Terrorism conventions

Pakistan’s Role in Countering TerrorismPakistan’s Role in Countering Terrorism

Pakistan has signed extradition treaties with Pakistan has signed extradition treaties with

thirty countriesthirty countries

Enhancing cooperating with ASEAN Regional Enhancing cooperating with ASEAN Regional

Forum Forum

Cooperating with coalition partners in Cooperating with coalition partners in

Afghanistan Afghanistan

Pakistan’s Role in Countering TerrorismPakistan’s Role in Countering Terrorism

Captured more terrorists, especially over 600 Captured more terrorists, especially over 600

linked with Al-Qaida linked with Al-Qaida

Committed some 80,000 troops along its Committed some 80,000 troops along its

Western BordersWestern Borders

Pakistan has so far lost 900 personnel in Pakistan has so far lost 900 personnel in

counter terrorist operations in areas close to counter terrorist operations in areas close to

Pakistan – Afghanistan Border Pakistan – Afghanistan Border


Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Proliferation of Weapons of Mass

Destruction (WMD) Destruction (WMD)


ExtremismExtremism

At the national and international levels, At the national and international levels,

unjust economic, social and political systems unjust economic, social and political systems

which really spawn violations of economic, which really spawn violations of economic,

social, cultural, civil and political rights, social, cultural, civil and political rights,

contribute to the birth and nurturing of contribute to the birth and nurturing of

extremism which ultimately leads to extremism which ultimately leads to

terrorism terrorism


ExtremismExtremism

To break the synergy between politico-To break the synergy between politico-

religious extremism, major powers should religious extremism, major powers should

avoid the double standards, discriminatory avoid the double standards, discriminatory

approach, intolerance, unwillingness to approach, intolerance, unwillingness to

compromise compromise


Role of Non State ActorsRole of Non State Actors

pursue their own agenda, protect their own pursue their own agenda, protect their own

interests and have loyalties only to interests and have loyalties only to

themselves, hence further complicate the themselves, hence further complicate the

global security environment global security environment


Asymmetric Warfare / ThreatsAsymmetric Warfare / Threats

Radical groups and relatively weaker non-state Radical groups and relatively weaker non-state

actors are using unexpected means to deal actors are using unexpected means to deal

stunning blows to more powerful opponentsstunning blows to more powerful opponents

The modern means and modes such as The modern means and modes such as

information and cyber warfare make them ever information and cyber warfare make them ever

more evasive and lethalmore evasive and lethal


Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)

Combat Military Operations may include, counter Combat Military Operations may include, counter

terrorism / counter insurgency operations, UN terrorism / counter insurgency operations, UN

operations (Chapter 7), counter drug / weapons and operations (Chapter 7), counter drug / weapons and

anti piracy operations, participation in coalition anti piracy operations, participation in coalition

operations, enforcement of maritime regimes and operations, enforcement of maritime regimes and

exclusion zoneexclusion zone


Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW)

Non combat military operations may include, disaster Non combat military operations may include, disaster

relief operations, UN operations (Chapter 6), nation relief operations, UN operations (Chapter 6), nation

building /reconstruction / support operations, security / building /reconstruction / support operations, security /

law and order, evacuation, search and rescue, law and order, evacuation, search and rescue,

ordnance disposal, salvage, arson / accidental fire and ordnance disposal, salvage, arson / accidental fire and

humanitarian assistance and epidemic controlhumanitarian assistance and epidemic control


Role of MediaRole of Media

Media through focus on violence can Media through focus on violence can

negatively contribute to conflict escalation and negatively contribute to conflict escalation and

distort the public's perceptions of the situation distort the public's perceptions of the situation

Where it can accrue, if managed adroitly, Where it can accrue, if managed adroitly,

numerous advantages, it can be an effective numerous advantages, it can be an effective

propaganda tool in the hands of terrorists propaganda tool in the hands of terrorists

which they will use for both tactical and which they will use for both tactical and

strategic gains strategic gains

Moot Points Moot Points What is the concept or our understanding of What is the concept or our understanding of

Global War on Terror? Global War on Terror?

Lack of agreement on a definition of terrorism Lack of agreement on a definition of terrorism

Divergence in political aimsDivergence in political aims

No single country is capable of fighting global No single country is capable of fighting global

terrorism single handedly terrorism single handedly

Mutual trust and understanding of each others Mutual trust and understanding of each others

capacities/capabilities and limitations capacities/capabilities and limitations

CurriculumCurriculum Formulation of National Asymmetric War / Low Formulation of National Asymmetric War / Low

Intensity Conflict (LIC) Strategy Intensity Conflict (LIC) Strategy Military Doctrine on LIC Military Doctrine on LIC Determination of clear threat Determination of clear threat Doctrine may incorporate the following:- Doctrine may incorporate the following:-

Concept of low intensity conflictConcept of low intensity conflict The threat perception/assessmentThe threat perception/assessment Role of various law enforcing agenciesRole of various law enforcing agencies Role of Military and its various arms and servicesRole of Military and its various arms and services TrainingTraining LogisticsLogistics Legal aspectsLegal aspects

CurriculumCurriculum

Psychological aspects Psychological aspects

Understanding and objective evaluation of Understanding and objective evaluation of

environment environment

Intelligence Intelligence

Media managementMedia management

CurriculumCurriculum Leadership doctrines to develop junior leaders Leadership doctrines to develop junior leaders

for operations under highly decentralized for operations under highly decentralized

environmentenvironment

Impact of technology on future operationsImpact of technology on future operations

Joint planning and interoperability Joint planning and interoperability

Complete understanding of the nature of conflictComplete understanding of the nature of conflict

Art of negotiationArt of negotiation

CurriculumCurriculum

Legal mattersLegal matters

Interrogation/handling of informationInterrogation/handling of information

Disaster Management; Planning / Organization Disaster Management; Planning / Organization

and conduct of relief and rehabilitation and conduct of relief and rehabilitation

operationsoperations

Impact of information and cyber warfareImpact of information and cyber warfare

Seminars, exercises and dialogues at ARF level Seminars, exercises and dialogues at ARF level

to intermittently exchange views and share to intermittently exchange views and share

experiencesexperiences

Training Curriculum for Junior Military Training Curriculum for Junior Military LeadersLeaders

A thorough understanding of the background of the A thorough understanding of the background of the

conflictconflict

Hostage rescue techniques and drillsHostage rescue techniques and drills

Cordon and searchCordon and search

Counter mobilityCounter mobility

Checking of various documentsChecking of various documents

Small combat team training capable of independent, Small combat team training capable of independent,

rapid and decisive engagement and adapting quickly rapid and decisive engagement and adapting quickly

to prevalent conditionto prevalent condition

Training Curriculum for Junior Military Training Curriculum for Junior Military LeadersLeaders

Psychological operations and public relationsPsychological operations and public relations

Art of negotiations and persuasionArt of negotiations and persuasion

InterrogationInterrogation

Manipulation of military measures including civic Manipulation of military measures including civic

actionsactions

Handling of informationHandling of information

Media handlingMedia handling

Training of Individual SoliderTraining of Individual Solider

Build superb physical stamina and endurance Build superb physical stamina and endurance

Expertise in handling a variety of weaponsExpertise in handling a variety of weapons

Sniping/sharp shooting to pick up targets in Sniping/sharp shooting to pick up targets in

population centerspopulation centers

Handling of global positioning system, night vision Handling of global positioning system, night vision

devices devices

To be able to act independently, in absence of To be able to act independently, in absence of

comprehensive orders or breakdown in comprehensive orders or breakdown in

communicationcommunication

Training of Individual SoliderTraining of Individual Solider

Initiative, mental mobility and quick reflexes Initiative, mental mobility and quick reflexes

Adaptability to local conditions and ability to blend Adaptability to local conditions and ability to blend

with the populacewith the populace

Knowledge about modus operandi, strategy and Knowledge about modus operandi, strategy and

weaknesses of the terrorists/insurgentsweaknesses of the terrorists/insurgents

Technique of fighting in Built Up AreasTechnique of fighting in Built Up Areas

Techniques of movement both mounted and Techniques of movement both mounted and

dismounted, including efficient driving dismounted, including efficient driving

Training of Individual SoliderTraining of Individual Solider Handling of explosiveHandling of explosive Emplaning, deplaning and repelling Emplaning, deplaning and repelling Know-how about martial artsKnow-how about martial arts Survival under conditions of stress and strainSurvival under conditions of stress and strain A very high degree of motivation, esprit de corps and A very high degree of motivation, esprit de corps and

devotion to the cause devotion to the cause Ability to operate with minimum logistics Ability to operate with minimum logistics Expertise in night navigation and specialized Expertise in night navigation and specialized

operationsoperations Awareness of human rights, sensitivities and social Awareness of human rights, sensitivities and social

ethics of the area of operation ethics of the area of operation

ConclusionConclusion

Documents

Developments needed in Curricula to prepare Military Officers and Defence Officials for their Roles in dealing with Future Defence and Security Challenges