Developmental Writing

8/12/2019 Developmental Writing

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Developmental Writing

Aina Hafizah

Atiqah Liyana

Fuad

Ngo Chiew Kiang

Patricia

Ramlah

Syafiq

Termizi


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Content

Paragraph writing

Grammar

Text organization, cohesion Dictation

Spelling


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PRINCIPLES

OFPARAGRAP

H WRITING

Start with a topic thats

easy, interesting and theone students can relate

to (eg: cartoon, theirinterest, favorite

topics/things, etc) Teacher shouldalways model theparagraph writingfirst before asking

students to dousecreative strategies

Do not overcorrect

demotivating

Apply autonomouslearning whenlearners reach

sufficient proficiency

to promote creativity.

Move to shared writingstage where teacher

elicits, studentsvolunteer ideas,

teacher acts as a scribeon behalf of students

Give students chancesto try out and praise

even if the work is farfrom perfect as

encouragement andmotivation


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Paragraph is a distinct unit of thought

It contains :topic sentenceto state the main idea of the paragraph, veryoften first sentence in the paragraph (not necessarily)

supporting detailselaboration, examples, etc.

It is necessary to raise their awareness of structure of aparagraph

Paragraphs are organized differently in different kinds of writing:- Dialogue : paragraphs change with the change of speaker

- Expository / Argument : paragraphs change with change of unifying ideas


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Strategies:Hamburger

paragraphs

Trafficstrategy

Point,Illustration,

Explanations

Peer

Editing

BrainstormingWeb-GO.

Sample of activities:-gap filling

-rearranging sentences inorder

-Note expansion


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Grammar In WritingGrammar is the sound, structure, and meaning system

of language - the rules of making meaning.

Learners need to learn how to transfer their knowledge ofgrammatical concepts from oral language to written language.

Effective grammar instruction begins with what students alreadyknow about grammarit helps them to write.


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STRATEGIESTO TEACH

GRAMMAR

IN WRITING

Writing conference

- teachers can helpstudents revise for

effective word choices,

how formal or informalthe writing should be

Partnership writing

- students revise boring,monotonous sentences -read their writing aloud

to partnersdiscussways to vary the sentence

beginnings

Grammar mini lessons

- teacher helps learnersedit from passive voice

to active voice

Peer response

- peer editing groups,assign different

proofreading tasks tospecific individuals in each

group


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TEXT ORGANIZATION

DEFINITION- the organizational patterns that

are used by authors to prevent their ideas and

achieve a particular purpose in a piece of text.


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WHY WETEACH TEXT

STRUCTURE

It helps the readermade better senseof the informationpresented in the

text

Students can observehow authors arrangeideas and determine

which kinds ofstructure are used to

interrelated ideas

Students canremember more ofwhat the read fromthe organized text

Students are able todiscriminate betweeninformation related to

the main idea anextraneousinformation

Build studentsawareness of the

different structures theencounter when they

read leads them to

better writers


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COHESION IN WRITING

DEFINITIONeverything in your writing is

logically laid out and connected.

For examplethe words finally, thus,

however.


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AREAS LEARNERS TO BE AWARE

OF WHEN REVISING FORCOHESION


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SENTENCES

Readers must feel that

they move easily fromone sentences to the

next

Readers must feel thatthe sentences in a

paragraph are not justindividually clear but areunified with each other

PARAGRAPH

The reader should be

able to identify quicklythe topic of each

paragraph


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DICTATION

Givesspelling andpunctuation

practice

Provides

model ofsentencestructures

Model fortext

organisation

Suitable for

pupils ofvariouslevels of

proficiency


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Factors to be considered for dictation

text selection

Length

Not toolong

Younglearners have

shortconcentration

span

Levels ofdifficulty

Appropriate

Notfrustrated

Types

Meaningfuland

authentic

Can relateto and findit in real life

Students

priorknowledge

Thematicrelationship

tosomething

alreadydiscussed


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Activities for dictation

Jigsaw dictation S listen to short

text read by theT

S write downchunks of thetext on the formof phrases/ shortsentences

Develop skills inunderstandingand listening tothe gist of the

text

Partial dictation S work in pairs

One reads half ofthe text for the

partner todictate

Opportunity tocomplete

reading,speaking andwriting task

Running dictation

S work in groups

One member isresponsible for

writing Other members

take turns toread out the text

sentence bysentence

Opportunity toworkcooperatively


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Activities for dictation

Grammar dictation

S work in groups

S listen to a short text

written by the T (normalspeed) and jotted downimportant words

Work together to compose

a text nearest to theoriginal text as possible

Work out a speaking andwriting task collaboratively

Compostion dictation

S work in groups

S listen to a text read by

the T (normal speed) andjotted down familiar words

Make use of the jottedwords to create their own

version


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S-P-E-L-L-I-N-G


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Documents

Developmental Writing