Developmental Needs

8/13/2019 Developmental Needs

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Aggregates WithDevelopmental Needs


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Maternal-Newborn Indicator of health (national and global) At risk for disease, disability and death The majority of client (pregnant or having children) Economically disadvantages


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Maternal-Newborn ndikator kesehatan (nasional dan global)

Pada risiko penyakit, kecacatan dan kematianMayoritas klien (anak hamil atau memiliki)

Secara ekonomi kerugian


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Health Status and Needs Women die of pregnancy-related causes; 99% in

developing countries Direct causes: complication of pregnancy, labor, post-

partum; omission or incorrect treatment Teenage mothers and their infants are at risk Peri-natal transmission of HIV/AIDS


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Health Status and Needs Perempuan meninggal kehamilan-penyebab terkait,

99% di negara berkembangLangsung penyebab: komplikasi kehamilan,

persalinan, nifas, kelalaian atau perlakuan yang salahIbu remaja dan bayi mereka beresikoPeri-natal penularan HIV / AIDS


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Health Status and Needs Women have no insurance Pregnant adolescent: children having children Substance use and abuse LBW and VLBW Cesarean section delivery


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Health Status and Needs Perempuan memiliki asuransi

Hamil remaja: anak memiliki anakPenggunaan narkoba dan penyalahgunaan

BBLR dan VLBWBedah sesar pengiriman


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Risk Factors

Gaya hidup: merokok, nutrisi tidak adekuat,low pre-pregnancy weight, substance use andabuse (alkohol, narcotic), environmental toxin,stress and lack of social support

Socio-demographic: low maternal age, tingkatpendidikan rendah, poverty, un-married status

Medical and gestational history: primi-multiparity, multiple gestation, short pregnancyinterval


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Risk Factors

Gaya Hidup: merokok, nutrisi tidak adekuat,rendah berat badan sebelum kehamilan,penggunaan narkoba dan penyalahgunaan(ALKOHOL, narkotika), racun lingkungan, stresdan kurangnya dukungan sosialSosio-demografis: rendah usia ibu, tingkat

Pendidikan rendah, kemiskinan, un-menikahStatusMedis dan gestational sejarah: primi multi

paritas, kehamilan ganda, jarak kehamilan


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Problems related to the factors

Poor pregnancy outcomes Maternal: limited prenatal care; inadequate

nutrition, low pre-pregnancy weight; SIDS,HIV/AIDS; emotional, physical, and socialproblems; post partum depression, grief,maternal developmental disability (child

abuse, neglect) Newborn: impaired fetal growth, congenital

anomaly, abnormality of the organs, pre-term

birth


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Program Planning

Menilai kebutuhanMenimbang: pendidikan, pengalaman budaya,hidup, perkembanganVital statistik: masalah kesehatanPembangunan tahap: Status fisiologis danemosional, dukungan sistem sosial, akses ke

perawatan medis, status keuangan, kebutuhanperumahan, kemampuan untuk merawat bayi


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Health Programs

Depend on specific needs: geographic distributionand size of the nursing staff

Clinic including the program for the high risk Home visit (benefit for client and nurse, costly) Self help group (peer, acceptance of the

responsibility for the health promoting behaviors)

School-based program Information services (telephone, health education

center, hand book)


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Health Programs

Tergantung pada kebutuhan spesifik: geografisdistribusi dan ukuran staf keperawatanKlinik termasuk program untuk risiko tinggi

Kunjungan rumah (manfaat bagi klien dan perawat,mahal)Swadaya kelompok (peer, penerimaan tanggung

jawab untuk kesehatan mempromosikan perilaku)

Sekolah-program berbasisInformasi layanan (telepon, pendidikan kesehatanpusat, buku tangan)


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Under-Five

Future well-being of the nation The health and safety depend on 2day

decision and action A valuable asset The determinant of mortality rate: hungry,

basic immunization, accident and injury,

communicable disease, poor, number ofchildren


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Under-Five

Masa Depan kesejahteraan bangsaKesehatan dan keselamatan tergantung padakeputusan dan tindakan 2day

Sebuah aset berhargaPenentu tingkat kematian: jumlah lapar,imunisasi dasar, kecelakaan dan cedera,penyakit menular, miskin, anak-anak


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Health Problems

Accidents and injuries: un-save toys, falls, burn,automobile crashes, poison, family violence Communicable disease: acute illness (ARI,

infectious and parasite, digestive); chronicdisease (asthma, food allergies, musculardystrophy)

Behavior and learning problems Poor nutrition and dental hygiene (under/over

feeding/eating, in-appropriate food choice) The effect of poverty


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Health Problems

Kecelakaan dan cedera: un-save mainan, jatuh, luka bakar, kecelakaan mobil, racun,kekerasan keluargaPenyakit Menular: penyakit akut (ISPA, infeksidan parasit, pencernaan), penyakit kronis(asma, alergi makanan, distrofi otot)Perilaku dan pembelajaran masalahMiskin gizi dan kesehatan gigi (under / overmakan / makan pilihan, di-sesuai makanan)Pengaruh kemiskinan


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Health programs and service

Community center: parenting education,health and safety education, immunization,screening, family planning

Quality day care, parenting class, parentingsupport and services

Safety and injury protection (motor vehiclecrash, environmental hazard)

Communicable disease Dental caries


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Health programs and service

Komunitas center: parenting pendidikan,kesehatan dan keselamatan pendidikan,imunisasi, skrining, keluarga berencanaKualitas penitipan anak, kelas parenting,dukungan pengasuhan dan jasaKeamanan dan perlindungan cedera

(kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor, bahayalingkungan)penyakit menular

karies gigi


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Health programs and .

Child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual) andneglect (physical, medical, educational)

Early childhood development: ready to learn Nutrition: learn dietary habit Physical fitness

Special need


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Health programs and .

Pelecehan anak (fisik, emosional, seksual) danpengabaian (fisik, kesehatan, pendidikan)Pengembangan anak usia dini: siap untukbelajarNutrisi: belajar kebiasaan dietfisik kebugaran

khusus kebutuhan


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School-age and Adolescent

Children are the parent, worker, leader, anddecision maker for tomorrow

Childrens future depends on achieving of theeducational goal

Successful schooling depends on the health Access to school nurse, the effect????


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Health problems: school-age

Problems associated with economic status (poor inhealth, school, adulthood) Accident and injury Communicable diseases Chronic diseases (dermatitis, hearing difficulty,

stomachaches, headache, diabetic, asthma) Behavior problem and learning disabilities (reading,

writing, mathematic) Head lice/pediculosis Poor nutrition and dental health

In-activity


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Health problems: school-age Masalah yang terkait dengan status ekonomi (miskin

dalam kesehatan, sekolah, dewasa)Kecelakaan dan cederapenyakit tidak menular

Penyakit kronis (dermatitis, kesulitan mendengar, sakitperut, sakit kepala, diabetes, asma)Masalah perilaku dan ketidakmampuan belajar(membaca, menulis, matematika)

Kepala kutu / pediculosisMiskin gizi dan kesehatan gigiDalam aktivitas


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Health problems: adolescent

Emotional (depressions, anxiety, behavioralproblems, eating disorder) and suicide

Violence (at school, home, street) Substance abuse (alcohol, cigarette, narcotic,

inhalant) Pregnancy STDs and HIV/AIDS Acne

Poor nutrition and eating disorder


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Health problems: adolescent

Emosional (depresi, kecemasan, masalahperilaku, gangguan makan) dan bunuh diriKekerasan (di sekolah, rumah, jalan)Penyalahgunaan zat (alkohol, rokok, narkotika,inhalansia)kehamilan

PMS dan HIV / AIDS jerawatGizi buruk dan gangguan makan


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Health programs

Immunization: hepatitis, tetanus, MMR,pneumonia, TB

Education and social services: hand washing,hearing conservation; parental supportservices (periods of transition); child growthand development; family planning, risk taking

behavior Safety and injury prevention: driver education,

improved motor vehicle design, heat and

smoke detecting system, environment hazard


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Health programs Infectious disease: campaign Child protection service (abuse) Oral hygiene and dental care (fluoride, tooth

brushing, nutrition) Screening (vision, hearing, growth and development,

musculoskeletal, dental) Nutrition and exercise

Prevent substance abuse: peer as educator Counseling and crisis intervention: stress control

program (build coping skill: self-help, peercounseling/ intervention)

School-based health clinic


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Health programs Penyakit menular: Kampanye

Perlindungan anak layanan (penyalahgunaan)Oral kesehatan dan perawatan gigi (fluoride,menyikat gigi, gizi)

Screening (penglihatan, pendengaran, pertumbuhandan perkembangan, muskuloskeletal, gigi)Nutrisi dan latihanMencegah penyalahgunaan zat: peer sebagai

pendidikKonseling dan intervensi krisis: stres programpengendalian (membangun keterampilan mengatasi:self-help, konseling sebaya / intervensi)

Sekolah berbasis klinik kesehatan


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Adults 18-64 years old: differences in health profile, need

and problem Developmental tasks

Becoming adults (18-28): starting career, becoming parent

and homeowner Adults (29-34): better problem-solving skills Midlife (35-43): reappraisal of values, priority and personal

relationship (middle crisis) Rehabilitation (44-55): attention both physically and

economically Preparation for retirement (56-64): loss and griefing

A shift in a mortality causes: communicable-noncommunicable


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Adults 18-64 tahun: perbedaan dalam profil kesehatan,

kebutuhan dan masalahperkembangan tugasMenjadi dewasa (18-28): memulai karir, menjadi

orang tua dan pemilik rumahDewasa (29-34): baik keterampilan pemecahanmasalahSetengah baya (35-43): penilaian kembali nilai-nilai,

prioritas dan hubungan pribadi (krisis tengah)Rehabilitasi (44-55): perhatian baik secara fisikmaupun ekonomiPersiapan untuk pensiun (56-64): kerugian dan

griefing


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Health Problems Accident: unintentional injury Cancer: smoking, ligth Cardiovascular: personal, heredity, environmental Suicide: emotional and mental stress HIV/AIDS: IDU or sexual activity


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Health Problems Kecelakaan: cedera yang tidak disengaja

Kanker: merokok, ligthKardiovaskular: personal, faktor keturunan,lingkungan

Bunuh Diri: stres emosional dan mentalHIV / AIDS: IDU atau aktivitas seksual


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Health Programs Health and safety education Immunization Eating habit Exercise Physical examination Relaxation technique


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Health Programs Kesehatan dan pendidikan keselamatan

imunisasikebiasaan makanlatihan

pemeriksaan fisikteknik relaksasi


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Environmental Work factors Physical: structural element (space, temperature,

lighting, noise, radiation) Chemical: chemical agents(gas, solvent, vapor, dust,

solid) Biologic: living organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi,

parasite, insect, animal, toxic plant) Ergonomic: design (work, place, tool and task)

Psychological: response and behavior


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Environmental Work factors Fisik: struktur elemen (spasi, temperatur,

pencahayaan, kebisingan, radiasi)Kimia: bahan kimia (gas, pelarut, uap, debu, padat)Biologik: organisme hidup (bakteri, virus, jamur,

parasit, serangga, hewan, tumbuhan beracun)Ergonomis: desain (pekerjaan, tempat, alat dantugas)Psikologis: respon dan perilaku


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Health problems Occupational diseases: condition result from

exposure from employment Ergonomic problems: musculoskeletal Emotional disturbance: pressure at work, physically

stressful work, perception of inability to control thedemand

Violence


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Health problems Kerja penyakit: kondisi akibat dari paparan dari

pekerjaanErgonomis masalah: muskuloskeletalEmosional gangguan: tekanan di tempat kerja, kerjafisik stres, persepsi ketidakmampuan untukmengendalikan permintaankekerasan


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Health programs Disease prevention: eliminating hazard (redesign

equipment, substitution material) Health protection: safety for worker Health promotion: behavior changes Non-occupational health services: on site treatment,

counseling


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Health programs Pencegahan penyakit: bahaya menghilangkan

(redesign peralatan, bahan substitusi)Perlindungan kesehatan: keamanan bagi pekerjaPromosi kesehatan: perubahan perilakuNon-kerja pelayanan kesehatan: pengobatan situs,konseling


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Ageism Cannot live independent Chronological age determines oldness Have diminished intellectual capacity Cannot be productive and active Resistance to change Hope on social security


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Characteristic of health elderly Aging: a normal, irreversible physiology process; is

not a problem Basic need: physiology, safety, love, self-esteem, self-

actualization Strengths are more importance than problems Ability to function: able to adapt, continue to handle

stress, and active and involved


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Health needs Nutrition: maintain the optimal weight (low fat,

moderate carbohydrate, high protein); keep teeth;avoid laxative or adding fiber; exercise and water

Exercise: warming-up Economy security Psychosocial: coping skills, maintaining

independency, social interaction


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Health needs Safety: personal health and safety (immunization, fall

prevention and drug safety) Spirituality and preparing for death screening


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Health service Criteria

Comprehensive: adequate financial support, day careprogram, health care services, health education, in-homeservices, recreation and activity program, specializedtransportation services

Coordination Accessibility Promote quality program

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Health service Types

Home care Day care Respite care

Hospice care

R l d kill f CHN


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Role and skills of CHN Educator: communication and teaching Advocate and liaison: resource manager Facilitator to influence policy: writing grant collaborator: coordination and networking Engineering: strategy uses a greater degree of

persuasion or positive manipulation Enforcement: use coercion to make people comply

with the law

F d l i


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Fundamental requirements Know the characteristic the population Set aside stereotypes based on misconception about

the population Know the health needs of the population as basis for

nursing intervention View the population from an aggregate, public health

perspective that emphasize health protection andpromotion, and disease prevention


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Documents

Developmental Needs