Development of Western Philosophy of Education

7/28/2019 Development of Western Philosophy of Education

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HAFIQ AMSYAR B BASRI

(920310-12-6883)

IKMAL HISHAM B KHAPIPAH@ZULKIFLI

(921129-03-6167)WAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ B WAN OMAR

(920425-03-5615)


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TRADITIONAL

Perennialism

Essentialism

MODERN

Progressivism

Reconstructivism

Existentialism


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Perennialism

CONCEPT Perennialists believed that humans are rational and the

aim of education is to improve man as man

Perennialist classrooms are also centered on teachers.

The teachers are not concerned about the students'interests or experiences.

The aim of education is to develop a rational person.


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GOALS

For teaching universal knowledge that are everlasting.

FOCUS

Curriculum

Focused on humanities learning and literature learning. The type of learning is stated to give insight on students about

life.


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Teachers Role

Teachers are considered a learned and authorized expert ineducation and knowledge.

Responsible to deliver knowledge.

Is also responsible in shaping the students behaviour.

Teaching method.

Is on didactic method

Student learned without able to ask question.

Students Role

They must work hard to gain knowledge.

They only receive information from teachers.


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ESSENTIALISM

CONCEPT Essentialists believe that there are knowledge that

needed to be taught to students.

Instead of teaching of the truth of life they focus on

basic subjects that an individual needs to know to be aproductive person.

It is taught to be both practical and pragmatic.


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GOALS

To teach factual information which needs to be learnt,appreciated and stored by pupils.

FOCUS

Curriculum Focused on the basic skills reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Subjects like Science, History, Art and Music are compulsory.

Literature and Humanities are optional.


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Teachers Role

Is regarded as an authority in the classroom.

Must be skilled in classroom control.

Regarded as a role model for students.

Teaching Method

Still uses didactic method as Perennialism.

Pupils Role

To achieve academic success, students need to pay attention

what they learned in school.


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Modern


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Modern

Progressivis

m

Existentialism

Reconstructivism


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Progressivism Concept Change is the core of reality

Knowledge is something which is both relative and

tentative and used to explain the present reality. Do not believe in the existence of permanent and

pertinent truth that needs to be mastered.


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GoalAim to prepare pupils to accommodate to changes in

everyday lives.

Able to look for alternative solutions which arerelevant to the problem their faced.


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FocusCurriculum

Is given freedom to choose the subjects they wish tostudy.

Teachers role

As a facilitator and assists pupils to handle anyproblem in their surroundings.

Responsible for creating a conducive learningenvironment.

Give questions to stimulates pupils thinking.


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Teaching Method

Inductive approach is used to give opportunity to

explain certain educational issues.Pupils role

Seek their own explanation.

Need to study how to ask questions about their

environment


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Reconstructivism Schools are considered the main catalyst for improving

the state of human beings.

Best platforms for building a new society.


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Goals To lay the foundation for a new cultural pattern

To eliminate socials ill


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FocusCurriculum

Consists of the social sciences specifically social

studies Teachers role

Act as an agent of change and innovation

Has to be creative and innovative in the classroom.


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Teaching Method

Pupil-centered approach is given due importance

where pupils are taught problem-solving skills,brainstorming, role plays and simulations.

Pupils role

Expected to take an active role.

Should be courageous to try out new things

Willing to change their existing paradigms.


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Existentialism Reality as something which is subjective and can only

be defined by the individual concerned.

Individual is responsible for himself to determine hisgoals and make his own decision without having referto outside authorities.


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Goals The school system or teacher does not have the right to

impose the goals of education.

The educational goals are not outlined.


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FocusCurriculum

Does not have specific subjects.

Subjects which are aesthetic and philosophy-basedlike art, literature and drama are considered relevant.

Teachers role

Is a catalyst who provides educational opportunities so

that his pupils can voice out their feelings andemotions.


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Teaching method

Activity-centered and pupil-centered

Role plays and simulations frequently used in theclassroom

Pupils are motivated to engage in deep thinking

Pupils role

Encouraged to involve actively so as to maximize theeducational opportunities offered to them.

Documents

Development of Western Philosophy of Education