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Development of the German and international
Biogas markets.
Partnering opportunities for Brazil.
Clemens FindeisenConsultant Development CooperationGerman Biogas Association
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
2
Structure of the German Biogas Association
Headquarters in Freising23 employees, organised in 10 departments
Board of TrusteesElected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups and
advisory boards
Steering Committee7 members, elected for a 4-year-period
Berlin Office5 employees
Regional offices (North, South, East, West andEditorial Office Biogas Journal5 employees
Advisory Boards, Working GroupsAdvisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession, funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in
of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law
over
400
hono
rary
expe
rts
23 Regional groups in Germany
4.800 MembersOperators of biogas plants
Research Institutions
Interested private individualsCompanies and manufacturers
Lawyers
Corporate financePublic authorities
Providers of feedstock
Planners, advisers, laboratories Mem
ber
ofth
eE
urop
ean
Bio
gas
Ass
ocia
tion
(EB
A)
3
German Biogas Association - Objectives
Objectives :
• Promotion of the biogas sector• Promotion of a sustainable energy
supply• Definition of legal framework for
reliable and long-term investments• Creation of adequate technical rules
and standards• Promotion of R & D• Exchange of information• Members service
Lobbying on federal state, federal and EU level in the following
fields:
• Renewable Energy Act (EEG)• Energy management• Regulatory approval• Environmental law• Laws on agricultural issues• Tax law• …
4
26 countries
European Biogas Association
5
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
6
Provision of electricity in Germany in 2012
7
Source: FvB based on AfEE 2013
618 TWhNatural gas 11%
Lignite 26%
Hard coal 19%
Nuclear power 16%
Renewables 23%
Others5%
Structure of the German electricity production from renewable energy sources (2012)
8
More than 50 % of the RES are fluctuating
Hydro15.6%
Photovoltaic20.6%
Wind33.8%
Biowaste3.6%
Landfill gas0.4%
Sewage gas1.0%
Biogas15.1%
Liquid biofuels0.8%
Solid biofuels9.2%
Biomass30.0%
Overall: 136 TWh
Source: FvB based on BMU 2013
Share renewable energies on overall consumption: 23 %
9
Flexibility instead of base load: The new role of bioenergy
• With increasing
share of RES
baseload loses
importance
• Flexible systems fill
the valleys of the
wind and sun
� CHP with bioenergy
& natural gas
Ca
pa
city
[GW
]
red Demand (2010)
green Production
Wind & Solar
20 % Renewable Energy Sources
40 % Renewable Energy Sources
80 % Renewable Energy Sources
• With increasing share of RES baseload loses importance
• Flexible systems fill the valleys of wind and sun
� CHP with bioenergy
& natural gas
� New role of biogas
Number of biogas plants & installed electric capacity
10
139 159 186 274 370 450617
8501.050
1.3001.6001.750
2.050
2.680
3.5003.711
3.891
4.984
5.905
7.175
7.515
7.850
7.960
390
650
1.1001.271
1.377
1.893
2.291
3.097
3.352
3.543
3.804
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
Inst
alle
d el
ectr
ic c
apac
ity
Num
ber
of b
ioga
s pl
ants
Years
Number of biogas plants in Germany
Installed electric capacity in Megawatt [MW]
© Fachverband Biogas e.V. / German Biogas Association
Biogas sector at a glance
11
EnergycropsExcrements Vegetable waste Residential and industrial waste
Grass, maize, corn, potatoes, fodder beet, mustard, silage…
Liquid and solid manure, dung… Beet leaf, straw,
harvest residues., vegetable matter …
Brewer grains,vegetable waste,old fat, molasses,distiller´s wash, Marc, garden and park waste ...
separate collected residential, waste, organic fraction of mixed waste, fat separator contents, flotation tailings, food waste, leftovers, expired food, grease, blood, residues from milk production, sewage sludge, …
Agriculturalby-products
Feedstock in German biogas plants
Biogas plant
Feedstock in German biogas plants
13
Energy plants
Biowaste
Liquid & solid manure
Source: FvB based on DBFZ-Betreiberumfrage (2012/2013)
Industrial &agricultural residues
% by weight % by energy output
Potential for biogas in Germany
NawaRo
WD tierischer Herkunft
"Nichtflächen"-
NawaRos
Rein pfl. Neben-
produkteliste
Bioabfälle Tierische Neben-
produkte
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
Inst
allie
rbar
e Le
istu
ng in
MW
el
Potenzial in MW installierbare Leistung
bereits installierte Leistung in MW
Annahme: 4 Mio. ha Ackerf lächen stehen für den Anbau von Energiepf lanzen zur Verfügung, davon 2 Mio. ha für BiogasBerechnungen FvB 2012; Datengrundlage KTBL 2010; DBFZ 2011
Energy plants
Animal excrements
Biowaste Organic waste from animals
„Non-area“ renewable primary products
Potential in MW installed electric capacity
already installed electric capacity in MW
Pure by-products from plants
Inst
alla
ble
capa
city
in M
Wel
14
14,2 million t/a separately collected biowaste
(incl. 8,2 million t/a municipal biowaste)
IncinerationComposting Fermentation
material energeticrecycling/
recovery
Approx. 4,6 million t/a biowaste
984 approved biogas plants
(approx. 300 plants from which 100 municipal plants)
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, 2011
Biogas from biowaste in Germany
15
Feedstock for the plants using waste
Quelle: RAL-Gütesicherung Gärprodukt (RAL-GZ 245); Stand 2013,Datenbasis: 113 Biogasanlagen, Input: 3,2 Mio. t FM
16
Sanitation and stabilisation of biowaste
Sanitation stabilisationBiowasteSanitized and
stabilized digestate
Thermophilic Digestion (> 50°C)
Thermophilic Composting
Pasteurisation(>70°C; 1h; 12 mm)
Mesophilic Digestion
Option 3
Option 2
Option 1
Other validated methodOption 4
Fields of Application for Biogas
18
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
19
• Priority connection, purchase and transmission for electricity from renewable energy sources
• A consistent fee for this electricity paid by the grid operators for a 20- year period
The core elements of the EEG guarantee :
• Mid and long term planning and investment security
• Calculable cost for consumers
• Specific fees for different technologies
• Low bureaucratic effort
• Participation for local and regional players
German Renewable Energy Act (EEG)
20
German Renewable Energy Act
The EEG is an efficient support mechanism for RES(copied by moren than 70 countries)
But:Germany‘s unique success in Biogas would not be
possible with today‘s law and the relatively low tariffs –so it is worthwile to have a look at
the older versions of the EEG
21
Development of the Renewable Energy Act EEG (2000-2014)
22
• Consistent fee for 20 years
• Priority connection
• 250 new plants a year
EEG 2000
• Bonus for energy crops
• Bonus for using heat
• 450 new plants a year
EEG 2004
• Bonus for new techniques
• Bonus for emission reduction
• Bonus for manure
• 1000 new plants a year
EEG 2009
• New system• New
requirements on efficiency and ecology
• 340 new plants a year
EEG 2012
EEG 2014
NEW EEG 2014 (as of 1 st August 2014)
For New Plants:• No more bonus for energy crops and manure• No more bonus for biogas upgrading• No more heat utilization obligation• Max. 100 MW gross additional plants each year
• Special feed-in-tariff for:- small „manure pants: 23,73 ct/kWh- waste fermentation plants: 15,26 ct/kWh
23
NEW EEG 2014
For New Plants:• Common tariff (§44)
�No sufficient compensation for plants (except smallplants and waste fermentation plants)
�Missed chance to promote alternative energy crops fornow
24
≤ 150 kW 13,66 Cent/kWh
≤ 500 kW 11,78 Cent/kWh
≤ 5 MW 10,55 Cent/kWh
≤ 20 MW 5,85 Cent/kWh
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
25
Systematization of the digestion systems
Quelle: Prof. Weiland, FAL Braunschweig, 2006
Characterization : Difference
1 Moisture level of substrate Wet- or Dryfermentation
2 Process temperature Mesophilic or thermophilic digestion
3 Process stages Single- or multistage process
4 Material flow Continuous or discontinuous process
26
Technologies in use in Germany
Wet digestionComplete Mixed Reactor
Dry continuous digestionPlug Flow Reactor
Dry batch digestionGarage Systems
< 15 % dm 15 – 30 % dm > 30 % dm
Thermophilic Thermophilic Thermophilic
Mesophilic Mesophilic Mesophilic
Complete mixed reactor
Storage of biogas
Spill over
Isolation
Air supply
Concrete packaging
Withdrawal of biogas
Heater Condensate trap
For biogas utilisationInputHeating installation
Relief pressure valve
Mixer
Cover of the reactor
Gas leakage
Source: Biogashandbuch Bayern
28
Inside a digester
29
The inside of a digester
©Fachverband Biogas e.V.
Gas hood with EPDM foil Foil roof (tight)
Transport air foil roof External gas storage facilities
Fotos:Cenotec, Sattler
Fotos:Biolene, Cenotec
Gas storage facilities
30
Origen: Axpo Kompogas AG, Kompostwerk Lemgo
Input
digestate
biogas
Plug flow reactor
31
Plug flow reactor
32
•Origen: Axpo-Kompogas / Büchl Entsorgungswirtschaft GmbH; BioIN GmbH
Plug flow reactor
33
•Origen: Berlin Ruhleben, BSR
Origen: Bekon
Garage System
34
35
Foto: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG
Garage System
36
Garage System
Foto: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
37
Biogas Training Network
38
Since October 2013
39
• Standardization of Trainings• Uniforming quality criteria for the planning, organization, implementation and certification
• Mandatory curriculum including learning objective descriptions• Coordinated examination questions
.
Biogas Training Network
Curricula of the 2 days operators qualifications
training in Germany
• Legal Framework of plant construction and operation
• Risk assessment• Explosion protection• Documentation• Mandatory obligations for the plant operator
• Damage and accident management• Safety relevant checks and maintenance• Best-practice-example (on-site check and evaluation)
• Multiple-choice exam
40
41
Saftey –Establishment of Regulations and Standards –
Training standards for operators , etc. Sustainable Image of Biogas!
42
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
43
Biogas Plants in Europe 2012
44
Source: EBA Biogas Report 2013
Biogas Plants in
Europe 2011
and 2012
45
Source: EBA Biogas Report 2013
Types of support schemes in Europe
46
Source: EBA Biogas Report 2013
Motiviation / Trends in developing and emerging cou ntries
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) – focus on the reduction of methane rather than electricity production
• Decentralized energy solutions driven by industry – avoid energy black outs
• Costs of importing fossil fuels
• Environmental regulations (waste water, municipal waste, agricultural waste)
• Biogas upgrading
• Feed in Tariffs
• Establishment of neutral National Biogas Association s!
Content
• German Biogas Association
• The Biogas market in Germany
• Political framework in Germany
• Different Operation techniques in use
• Trainings in the area of safety on Biogas plants
• Trends on international Biogas markets
• Instruments to develop international Biogas Projects
48
Instruments to promote international biogas projects
Cooperation between
Private Sectorobjectives
Development Cooperation
objectives
GIZ Services for Energy
ongoing
Project portfolio:140 activities in 40 countriesVolume of orders: 500 million €Yearly turnover: 110 million €
biogas components
Financings for Biogas Projects
� Project structures and financing criteria
� Large plants (5-10 MW) for processing industry of agricultural products (Eg meat, fishand milkproduction , ethanol , palm oil, fruit and vegetable processing )
� Several smaller systems (500 kW - 1 MW) of the same type (in terms of plant type, substrate, supply and purchase structure) at different locations in a country
� Substrate: organic residues and sewage (no energy crops) , tested fermentability, other use for food production(eg as fertilizer or animal feed) is not carried out or remains
� Energetic use of biogas (heat / cooling, steam, electricity )
� by the substrate supplier or reliable private customers (medium businesses in the area )
� Feed-in (PPA)
� Substrate supplier is economically responsible (as a shareholder, owner, operator or through long-term supply commitment (take or pay) and has a real interest in the biogas plant
� Costs and reliability of logistics and qualified staff!
� Generation of CO2 certificates.
• develoPPP.de is initiated by the German Federal Ministry for
Economic Cooperation and Development
• Applications are open to German and EU companies (OECD-DAC list)
• Execution organisations are GIZ, DEG und sequa.
• EU based companies, annual turnover of at least EUR 1 million, ten
employees, three years of business operation
• Development Partnerships
� are usefull from the development policy and economic
perspective, positive impact on the development of the partner
country
� can not be realised without public contribution
� are not required by law
� are jointly funded (max. 50% public contribution – EUR 200.000),
� the private Partner has a commercial interest
� the sustainibility is ensured after the public contribution ends
Support for entering new markets: Development Partnerships
Energypedia is a renewable energy wiki in the context of
development cooperation
https://energypedia.info
55
www.biogas.org
56
biogas.org german -biogas -industry.com
Conclusion
• Biogas is as an allrounder and a key in the Energy Mix
• Five main trends in Germany: 1. New EEG is challenging for the german Biogas industry2. Feedstock: Manure/Waste - no Energy crops3. Using of the natural gas grid as storage4. Direct marketing / Flexibility (balancing the fluctuating power generation)5. Export Business of the manufactures (60 % forecast 2014)
• Huge potential and interest for biogas worldwide (Know-How necessary)
• Importance of National Biogas Associations, Safety standards and Operators Training!
• Partnerships!
57
58
Thank you for your attention!
BIOGAS Convention & Trade Fair
… we will see us in Bremen!27. – 29. 01 2015
• Know -How Transfer!
• International Panel onDevelopment & Emerging Countries!
• Biogas Basics!
• Best practise on Waste digestion!
www.biogas.org59
61
Clemens Findeisen
Consultant
Development Cooperation
German Biogas Association
Telefon: 0049 (0) 1763 / 17 88 290
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.biogas.org