Development of HighDensity Cold Energy Network … · companies Heat Pump Systems R ... District cooling Transport of cold energy Air di i i ... 2.3.2 High density cold energy network

1

ICR2015 WORKSHOP

Heat Pump Systems R&D by NEDOHeat Pump Systems R&D by NEDO

Development of p“High Density Cold Energy Network

S t ” ith P W t ISystem” with Pure Water Ice

Speaker: Masashi Momota(Tokyo Denki Univ. Associate Professor)

August 19，2015

ICR2015 WorkshopHeat Pump Systems R&D by NEDO

g

2

C t tContents

１．Objectives/Targets

２．Features of Developed/Developing SystemsSystems

３．R&D Technologiesg

４．Next step for Commercialization


3１．１． Objectives/TargetsObjectives/Targets１１１１ BackgroundBackground１．１１．１．．BackgroundBackground

• Demand and market for the cooling isDemand and market for the cooling is extending

• The impact of a cooling energy consumption is• The impact of a cooling energy consumption is huge, especially in Asia and MideastFor example, in Tokyo district, 40% of CO2

emission is from energy consumption of non gy presidential air-conditioning

• Peak shaving of the electricity consumption inPeak shaving of the electricity consumption in daytime is big issue for electric power companies


companies

4１．１． Objectives/TargetsObjectives/Targets１２１２ ObjectiveObjective１．２１．２．．ObjectiveObjective

• Enhancement of transportation efficiencyEnhancement of transportation efficiencyThe ratio of cold energy generation and transportation is nearly even This means that the impact of transportationnearly even. This means that the impact of transportation energy saving is huge.

• Energy saving of entire air-conditioning systemAir-conditioning means cooling, heating, humidity control g g g yand ventilation. Therefore, integration of energy saving design (room < building < city) is necessary for entire air-g ( g y) yconditioning system.


5２．２． Features of Developed/Developing SystemsFeatures of Developed/Developing Systems２１２１ Basic ConceptBasic Concept２．１．２．１． Basic ConceptBasic ConceptSystem concept is opened (core technology is patented)Entire air conditioning s stem sho ld be able to assembleEntire air-conditioning system should be able to assembleby industry standard parts.TES was chosen as a core technology for thisTES was chosen as a core technology for thisdevelopment.Thermal Energy Storage (TES) has many actualThermal Energy Storage (TES) has many actualperformance in many situations. Also TES has long history.Assuming city sized project use of water which is stableAssuming city sized project, use of water which is stableand cheap is suitable.Considering a dissemination an expensive chemicalConsidering a dissemination, an expensive chemicalmaterial for the thermal storage system is difficult to adopt.This is not the material R&D This is the technology


This is not the material R&D. This is the technologyR&D which enables the ice (water) transportation.

6２．２．２．２．Key Key TechnologiesTechnologies

①Thermal transportation system using ice & water②③Utilization technology of ice in the room and building.④Integrated measurement & control technology for entire system

District cooling Transport of cold energy Air di i i

Thermal④ Heat flexibility

① Thermal transportation system using ice & waterReduction of digging, construction period & cost.

Decrease in power of pump transportation

② Low temperature air conditioning and water supply

Reduction of transportation power

③ Indoor temperature relaxation

Reduction of load

District coolingin the building conditioning sensation＆ Integrated control

Common platform ： Use of the potential of ice that has based of ice thermal storage system


Common platform ： Use of the potential of ice that has based of ice thermal storage system

7２．２．３３．．Description of Key TechnologiesDescription of Key Technologies2.3.1 The Reason for Using Pure Water Ice

The reason for using pure water ice is its stability, as well as safety and low costwell as safety, and low-cost as a material.

Also by using ice, the appropriate air quality can be maintained and low temperature low humidity can be achievedcan be achieved.


8２．２．３３．．Description of Key TechnologiesDescription of Key Technologies

(c) Reduction of digging, t ti i d & t

Customer

2.3.2 High density cold energy network

Digging for piping = 1/6 max.

construction period & cost1 Pipe

gg g p p g

Pipe diameter = 1/2（Pipe length = 1/2）

Customer

CustomerWater (14℃) re-cooled to0℃ inside local piping.【Utilize Latent heat】

(d) H t h 0℃water＋ ice

Ice volume max. 35% d

(d) Heat exchange inside local piping

DC plant

Pi i M th d reducespipe diameter to 1/2(a)

Reduction of digging,construction period

DevelopedPiping Method

Conventional


(b) Min. x4 high densityconstruction period,

and costPiping length 1/2

9２．２．３３．．Description of Key TechnologiesDescription of Key Technologies2.3.2 System Comparison

Conventional R&D ModelWater Ice & WaterType

7℃ 14℃ Latent heat of Ice

yp

⊿T

2 pipes 1 pipePipe

1 4

7℃→14℃ + ０℃→14℃

Energy

⊿T

Pipediameter 1 1/2

1 1/6 Digging

cost


1 1/4Transportation

power

10２．４．２．４．Energy Saving MechanismEnergy Saving Mechanism

7 degree C waterIce generation Cold Energy

Generation

R&D Model

Cold energyGeneration

Conventional

①

High densityWith ice

( - )

Cold Energy Transportation

( + )

7 degree C(differential)

Cold energyTransportation

①

①

①District

( + )

28 degree C40%RH26 degree C

Cold Energy Network

( + )

Multi PlantsSingle Plant Cold Energy

Network In city ①

④High DensityLoad Reduction( + )

40%RH26 degree C50%RH Relaxation of

Room temp ①②③

Water transportation Water transportation

②

③Rooms④High-DensityCold Energy

Network



In building

②

10 degree Cbreezing16 degree C

breezing Air transportationto rooms

In Building( + )

②

Air transportationto rooms

( )

②Buildings

( )

Integration of controlling ②

Optimization of Cntrolling

( + )

( + )Individualcontrolling

Integratedcontrolling


R&D model is negative on cold energy generation. However, utilizing lower temperature from ice, other items have advantage. In total, entire air-conditioning system achieves energy saving.

11２．２．５５．．Assumed ApplicationAssumed Application

Applications1. Demand of high density cold energyg y gy

Buildings, Factory, Airport, Power Plant, Agriculture2. Demand of chilled storage with high humidity

Foods storage plant, Foods factory, Vegetable plant3. Heat recovery of cold energy

Ice factory LNG plantIce factory, LNG plant

Effectiveness1. Energy saving / CO2 reduction2. The operational efficiency improvement

by outsourcing of air conditioning (District Cooling)by outsourcing of air-conditioning (District Cooling)3. Enhancement of productivity by improvement of indoor

environment


4. Quality enhancement of foods storage5. Shipping adjustment by appropriate food storage

12３３．．R&D TechnologiesR&D Technologies３１３１ OrganizationOrganization of R&Dof R&D３．１３．１．． OrganizationOrganization of R&Dof R&D

Tokyo Denki Univ. Researcher：

R&D ProjectR&D Project DirectorDirectorAssociate Prof. Masashi Momota et al.

Tonets Co. LtdResearcher

S t hi W t b t lTokyo Denki Univ.

Prof. Tadahiko Ibamoto

Satoshi Watanabe et al.

-

-

Recommitment-


-

13３．２．３．２． Targets of R&DTargets of R&D

Main SubjectMain Subject TargetTarget Start LineStart Line

Improvement of 1 5 times efficiency comparing with Conceptual phaseImprovement of energy efficiency on entire HVAC system for district buildings

1.5 times efficiency comparing with ordinary system

Conceptual phase

for district buildings

R&D SubjectR&D Subject TargetTarget Start LineStart Line

i i f 1 i ffi i i i CEstimation of improvement efficiency

1.5 times efficiency comparing with ordinary system

Conceptual phase

Key technologies development and enhancement of

Key technologies R&D with reliability, durability and economic efficiency

Laboratory phase

reliability

Actual proof of Actual system construction and establishment of design method

Conceptual phase


pentire system

g

14３．３．３３．． Contents of R&DContents of R&D

Verification of effectivenessF ibili d• Feasibility study,

• System simulationSystem development with experiment and demonstration• Ice packing method into the pipep g p p• Transportable piping system• Building Automation & Controlling System (BACS)g g y ( )Development of measurement method• Ice packing factor in piping and tanks• Ice packing factor in piping and tanksMarket Research

T dICR2015 WorkshopHeat Pump Systems R&D by NEDO

• Trend survey

15３．４．３．４． Experiment SystemExperiment SystemPeak capacity of experiment is almost

same as 12,000m2 office building(200 250 residence)(200-250 residence)

ハイテクリサーチセンター

AHU AHU

Customer BuildingCustomer Building Plant

Main pipingLength: 200m

diameter: 75mm

Crashed IceCrashed Ice(not sherbet)(not sherbet)

ConventionalAir-conditioning

Ice buffer tankfor customer

Ice generatordiameter: 75mm

Fluctuating Breeze systemwith cold air distribution

CenterCenterplantplant

Transporting pict re


Transporting picture

Actual sized experimental device (diameter 400mm) Center plant (mainly piping diameter is 75mm)

16３．５．３．５． transporting pictures transporting pictures

Ice Packing Factor 10% Ice Packing Factor 20%

Verification

D i l tDrain only water

ICR2015 WorkshopHeat Pump Systems R&D by NEDOIce Packing Factor 40%Ice Packing Factor 30%

173.6.13.6.1 Actual proof of ice transportation and controlling methodActual proof of ice transportation and controlling method３．６．３．６． ResultResult of R&Dof R&D

Method establishment for controlling quantity of heatTo control quantity of heat, the balancing of ice packing factor and velocity Is demanded. However,

pressure loss depends on this balancing.

3.6.1 3.6.1 Actual proof of ice transportation and controlling methodActual proof of ice transportation and controlling method

pressure loss depends on this balancing. Therefore, the method for controlling quantity of heat under minimum pressure loss was established

by actual ice transportation experiment. <Controlling method summary>

U d 1 0 / I / d h i ki fUnder 1.0m/s : Increase / decrease the ice packing factorOver 1.0m/s : Increase / decrease the velocity

This method was also reflected to the simulation program.

e lo

ss

ping

Controlling line for energy saving operation

at /

pres

sure

velocity：1m/sloci

ty in

pip

antit

y of

hea

VelocityIn piping

Ice packing factor：40%Ve

ICR2015 WorkshopHeat Pump Systems R&D by NEDOControlling line (black) for energy saving operation Experiment result of three parameters

Qua

Ice packing factor in pipingIn piping

Ice packing factor in piping

183.6.23.6.2 Actual proof of control accuracy (quantity of heat)Actual proof of control accuracy (quantity of heat)

３．６．３．６． ResultResult of R&Dof R&D

40

50

出IPF[%]

■30秒平均IPF

1 0

2.0

3.0

実測

流速

[m/s]

設定値

3.6.2 3.6.2 Actual proof of control accuracy (quantity of heat)Actual proof of control accuracy (quantity of heat)

20

30

損失

による算

実験での上限IPF

圧力損失の急激な変化により暴れたIPF算出値

max

0.0

1.0

50

100

算出IPF

[%]

0

10

0 10 20 30 40 50

圧力

IPF誤差±5％以内

case

min

25%

75%mid

高流速・高IPFの実験

0

0

5,000

10,000

A B C D E

算出

熱量

[MJ]

20100実験1 実験2 実験3 実験4 実験5 実験6

サンプリングIPF[%]case

0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0流速

IPF 10 25 30 40 40

高流高実験ケースにおいても、高い精度で制御ができている

A B C D E

12

16

20

60

80

100

量[GJ/h]

%]

設定IPF算出IPF(搬送中) 累積搬送熱量

平均IPF

0

4

8

0

20

40

累積搬送熱量

IPF[

算出IPF(切換中)

ICR2015 WorkshopHeat Pump Systems R&D by NEDOSystem control was verified by actual proof experiment

000:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00

累

累積時間[h]

193.6.33.6.3 Actual proof of forming indoor environmentActual proof of forming indoor environment


Lower humidity (utilizing ice) and fluctuating breezing3.6.3 3.6.3 Actual proof of forming indoor environmentActual proof of forming indoor environment

10 degree CNon steadyBreezing

(20 sec cycleon / off)

R & D model roomR & D model room

on / off)

Questionnaire ofQuestionnaire of16 degree C Questionnaire of Questionnaire of indoor environmentindoor environment

16 degree CSteady

Breezing

ICR2015 WorkshopHeat Pump Systems R&D by NEDOConventional airConventional air--conditioning roomconditioning room

203.6.43.6.4 Actual proof of forming indoor environmentActual proof of forming indoor environment


500m

mm

3.6.4 3.6.4 Actual proof of forming indoor environmentActual proof of forming indoor environment90

0mm

mm 28

00m

m60

0mm

600m

m

3000

mm

900m

m1800

m

600m

m00

mm

3000mm500mm 500mm 500mm500mm 500mm500mm

5

1500mm500mm 500mm 500mm

FL＋0

To maintain indoor environment Temperature, Humidity, wind

l i d di i28.3

28.0

28.7

27.027

28

29

30

80%

100%

暑い暖かいやや暖かいどちらでもないやや涼しい涼しい寒い外気温タスク気温アンビエント気温

velocity and radiation was measured

Final evaluation was confirmed by22.1

23.8

22.1

26.226.0

23

24

25

26

27

40%

60%

温度

[℃]

申告割

合


Final evaluation was confirmed by questionnaire20

21

22

0%

20%

case1 case2 case3

変動微風(28℃) 一般空調(28℃) 一般空調(26℃)

213.6.53.6.5 Integrated measurement & controlIntegrated measurement & control technologytechnology


Measurement & control program was newly developed.This program well performed under actual proof experiment.

3.6.5 3.6.5 Integrated measurement & control Integrated measurement & control technologytechnology

•• Integrated building automation and controlling. Integrated building automation and controlling. Graphical display of all the measurement items (Entire Graphical display of all the measurement items (Entire system: Plant>Building>Rooms)system: Plant>Building>Rooms)

•• Schedule operationSchedule operationAll the operations were automated such as generating ice, All the operations were automated such as generating ice, th l t t ti i d ith l t t ti i d i diti iditi ithermal storage, transporting ice and airthermal storage, transporting ice and air--conditioningconditioning

•• Measurement data storage, import and exportMeasurement data storage, import and exportD t b i i t i i 1 d t ll th tiD t b i i t i i 1 d t ll th tiDatabase is maintaining 1sec data all the timeDatabase is maintaining 1sec data all the time


223.6.6 Development of simulation program for3.6.6 Development of simulation program for evaluationevaluation３．６．３．６． ResultResult of R&Dof R&D

Evaluation program (system simulation) was developed⇒ Including the result of experiment know-how

3.6.6 Development of simulation program for 3.6.6 Development of simulation program for evaluation evaluation

g pEnhancement of 1.5 times efficiency comparing with

conventional system was confirmed全国DHCデータからデータ統計建物側省エネ空調システムの調査

最適標準モデルの検討

建物データの構築建物用途

空調負荷計算prog統合

programl

動的熱負荷計算（NewHASP/ACLD）

冷暖房負荷算出・集計

建物用途

建物条件

室内設定条件

負荷条件

入力.xls.txt

prog修正

OK

年間時刻別暖房負荷年間時刻別冷房負荷

建物側システム選択搬送システム選択 DHCシステム選択

負荷パターン

建物側sim

負荷計算結果の整合性の確認

NG

OK

OK

DHC側sim

OK

温熱ヒータ地域供給空調機建物側冷却塔冷却水冷水熱源機

建物側搬送動力ｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ地域搬送動力ｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ熱源ｼｽﾃﾑｼﾐｭﾚｰｼｮﾝ

空気側水側氷水水熱源種水側

sim

換気ファン

sim


年間全体エネルギー量算出＆グラフ化

ヒタ動力

地域供給ポンプ動力

空調機ファン動力

建物側ポンプ動力

冷却塔動力

冷却水ポンプ動力

冷水ポンプ動力

熱源機動力

最適システム判断NG

ファン動力

233.6.73.6.7 Evaluation of systemEvaluation of system effectivenesseffectiveness (Simulation result)(Simulation result)


1.5 times efficiency (If includes future R&D, estimation would be 1.7 times) > Boundary condition of system advantage was confirmed as well

3.6.7 3.6.7 Evaluation of system Evaluation of system effectiveness effectiveness (Simulation result)(Simulation result)

1,400

1,600年

]

効率1.5倍効率1.7倍効率1.0倍効率1.0倍

ng a

rea

1.0 times

Efficiency1.0 times 1.5

times1.7

timesCalculation verification

1,200

使用

量[M

J/m

2・

建物側

建物空気搬送

建物r con

ditio

nial

] Building

AirTrans

-portation Air

Calculation verification

800

1,000

一次エネルギー使建物側

搬送側建物水搬送

建物水搬送

建物空気搬送

umpt

ion

/ ai

/ m2 *

Ann

ua

gportation

WaterTrans

-portation

Air

WaterTrans

-portationTrans

T

400

600

あたりの

年間一 DHC水搬送

熱源側

搬送側

熱源側

搬送側

DHC全体(内訳なし)

熱源補機

nerg

y co

nsu

[MJ

/

DistrictHeating

andCooling Plant

Water

Auxiliary

Heat

-portation

Heat

Trans-portation

200

400

空調

面積あ熱源側熱源側

熱源側

(内訳なし)

DHC熱源DHC側 DHC

氷水搬送DHC

氷水搬送

Prim

ary

en PlantPlant

Heat source

&Auxiliary

Heatsource

source IceTrans

-portationIce

Trans-portation

Heatsource

Heatsource

Auxiliary Auxiliary


0省エネセンター資料(70,000m2～) 従来方式（DHCは全国平均値）開発方式（現存製氷COP2.49）開発方式（将来目標製氷COP3.18）将来方式モデル

将来製氷効率を1.5倍提案方式モデル既存技術使用一般的値との比較

従来方式モデルDHC側効率は全国平均値(0.72)

建物内温熱ヒーター建物内温熱ヒーター

シミュレーション結果比較資料Reference Data Calculated result

ConventionalActual result

ConventionalEstimation

R&DEstimation

R&D+FutureEstimation

yHeater

yHeater

24３．３．７７．．AchievementAchievement

• “Ice transportation technology” in “High Density”was developedp

• Entire air-conditioning system integration by lowt t (i ) tili ti k dtemperature (ice) utilization was packaged

• This system is consisted from many elementy ytechnologies. This means each of technologies are ableto apply other fields such as agriculture or factory use.pp y g yHopefully for the dissemination, application of elementtechnologies would be connected to realization of entiregsystem.


25４４．．Next step for CommercializationNext step for Commercializationpp

＜Activity＞＜Activity＞・Technical tour of experimental apparatusp pp・Participation to an exhibition・Preparation of load map, website and leaflet


26

Thank youThank youyy


Documents

Development of HighDensity Cold Energy Network … · companies Heat Pump Systems R ... District cooling Transport of cold energy Air di i i ... 2.3.2 High density cold energy network