Development of GHG Inventories in Indonesia: National System Indonesia

Rizaldi Boer

Bogor Agricultural University

E-mail: rizaldiboer@yahoo.com

Background• Indonesia:

– Ratified Convention on Climate Change through Act Number 6/1994

– Ratified Kyoto Protocol through Act Number 17/2004. The Minister of Foreign Affair has deposited an instrument of ratification to the UNFCCC secretariat in 3 December 2004

• Indonesian Progress in the Preparation of CCC and Kyoto Protocol:– Indonesia has submitted its Initial National Communication to the

Secretariat in 1999– DNA for CDM is in the final stage of development. It is expected

that the DNA will operate in 2005.– Some of related Ministries, such as Ministry of Forestry and

Ministry for Energy and Mineral Resources have established National Working Group on CDM

Institutional Systems for the Preparation of National GHG Inventory and 1st NATCOM

Other Ministries

Ministry of Industry

Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Forestry

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

Ministry of Environment

National Committee for

Climate Change

National Team for GHG Inventory

Development: Univ. Res. Agencies

National Workshop for

GHG Inventory

Finalization of GHG Inventory

Inter-ministrial Team for

Development of NATCOM

Development of NATCOM

Other agencies (NGOs etc)

Emission Factors

Studies in V&A to Climate Changes

Activity Data

GHG Mitigation Technologies Assessments

National Team for GHG

Inventories

Interministrial Team for NATCOM

National Policies Programs

NATCOM Document

UNFCCC Secretariat

Universities & Res. Agencies

Ministries, Stat. Bureau & Other agencies

Process of National GHG Inventory and NATCOM

Preparation

Ministry of Environment

Proposed Institutional Arrangement in the Preparation of Future National GHG Inventories and NATCOMs (?)

Other Related Agencies

Ministry of Transport.

Ministry of Industry

Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Forestry

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

Reviewed by external entities

National Committee for Climate Change

Sectoral Working Groups (?)

(or) Designated Division at the

related ministries

Documents: GHG Inventory and National Communication

V&A Division at the MOE

GHG Inventory Division at the MOE

GHG Mitigation Division at the MOE

National Workshop (Public Consultation)

After addressing Public Comments, the document submitted to UNFCCC Secretariat by the MOE

Indonesia GHG Inventory: 1994Indonesia GHG Inventory: 1994

Sources and Sinks CO2

UptakeCO2

ReleaseCH4 CO N2O NOx

Energy 373,609 674 6Industrial Processes 19,120 1 0Agriculture 3,244 331 53 19LUCF 403,846 559,471 367 3,214 3 91Waste 402TOTAL 403,846 952,200 4,687 3,545 61 110BIOMASS ENERGY 124,417INT. BUNKER 1,684

Sources and Sinks CO2

UptakeCO2

ReleaseCH4 CO N2O NOx

Energy 373,609 674 6Industrial Processes 19,120 1 0Agriculture 3,244 331 53 19LUCF 403,846 559,471 367 3,214 3 91Waste 402TOTAL 403,846 952,200 4,687 3,545 61 110BIOMASS ENERGY 124,417INT. BUNKER 1,684

Source: MOE (1999)

Total Emission by Sector: CO2-eq

LUCF25%

Waste1%

Energy 58%Agric.

13%

Industry3%

Source: MOE (1999)

Sector Emission by GasesCO2

Energy69%

LUCF28%

Industry3%

CH4Waste

9%LUCF

8%Industry

0%

Agric. 13%

Energy 14%

N2O

Agric87%

LUCF4%

Energy9%

Source: MOE (1999)

Improvement of GHG InventoryImprovement of GHG Inventory

• Development of local emission factors are quite intensive for:– Forestry (Mineral soil and Peatland):

• Mainly Aboveground biomass, mean annual increment and land use map

• GHG emissions factors from different land uses and forest floors

– Agriculture• Mainly for rice paddy (Emission factor for methane under

different technologies and crop managements)

– Energy/Industrial and Waste: Almost none

Improvement of GHG InventoryImprovement of GHG Inventory

Priority data domains Importance

Converted forest area per forest type 3

Growth rate of forest and vegetation types (including plantations) 3

Forest typology (biomass-based, floristic, ecology, climatic,administrative)

3

Wood harvest (legal + illegal, half-life time by use) 2.5

Biomass of each forest and vegetation type 2.5

Root biomass per vegetation / land use land cover type 2.2

Wood to biomass expansion factor, allometrics 2.2

Abandoned land: area + growth rate (increment) 1.7

Soil C stock (including organic soils + LU impacts) 1.1

On-site (in situ) burning 0.5

Priority data domains Importance

Converted forest area per forest type 3

Growth rate of forest and vegetation types (including plantations) 3

Forest typology (biomass-based, floristic, ecology, climatic,administrative)

3

Wood harvest (legal + illegal, half-life time by use) 2.5

Biomass of each forest and vegetation type 2.5

Root biomass per vegetation / land use land cover type 2.2

Wood to biomass expansion factor, allometrics 2.2

Abandoned land: area + growth rate (increment) 1.7

Soil C stock (including organic soils + LU impacts) 1.1

On-site (in situ) burning 0.5

Source: ICSEA (2000)

CO2 and CH4 emission from Peatland of South Kalimantan, Indonesia

(a) Upland Crops

050

100150200250300350400450

Dec

-99

Jan-

00

Feb

-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Jul-0

0

Aug

-00

Nov

-00

CO

2 em

issi

on

(m

gC

/m2/

h)

-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6

CH

4 emissio

n (m

gC

/m2/h

)

Upland CO2

Upland CH4

(b) Rice Paddy

050

100150200250300350400450

Dec

-99

Jan-

00

Feb

-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Jul-0

0

Aug

-00

Nov

-00

CO

2 em

issi

on

(m

gC

/m2/

h)

-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6 C

H4 em

ission

(mg

C/m

2/h)

Upland CO2

Upland CH4

(c) Secondary Forest

050

100150200250300350400450

Dec

-99

Jan-

00

Feb

-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Jul-0

0

Aug

-00

Nov

-00

CO

2 em

issi

on

(m

gC

/m2/

h)

-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.6 C

H4 em

ission

(mg

C/m

2/h)

Upland CO2

Upland CH4

Source: Hadi et al., 2002

CH4 emission (mgC m-2 h-1)

-0.2 0.1 0.4 0.7 1 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2

G1G2G3J4J5B6B7B8M9

A10A11A12

• A12: Sec. Forest (. 2m depth)• A11: 2 years rice paddy (1-2 m

depth)• A10: 6 years rice-soybean

rotation (0.2-0.4 m depth)• M9:Sec. Forest (0.2-0.6 m

depth)• B8: Sec. Forest (0.05-0.15 m

depth)• B7:3 years cassava (0.7 m

depth)• B6:3 years paddy (0.4-0.5 m

depth)• J5: Sec. Forest (0.15-0.25 m

depth)• J4:1 year paddy (0.05-0.20 m

depth)• G3: Sec. Forest (1-2 m depth)• G2: Rice paddy-fallow (0.1-0.4

m depth)• G1: Upland-fallow (0.7-1 m

depth)

Source: Hadi et al. 2002)

CO2 emission (mgC m-2 h-1)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

G1G2G3J4J5B6B7B8M9

A10A11A12

Seq. CH4

Concluding Remarks• In the 1st NATCOM, the involvement of related ministries

was very minimum. Universities played dominant role in the preparation of GHG Inventory and NatCom.

• For future development of GHG Inventories and NATCOMs, related ministries will involve directly in the process either by forming working group or designated division for CC:– E.g. Forestry and Energy have developed Working

Group for facilitating the implementation of CDM projects in Indonesia (the mandate of these working group might be expanded)

• Documenting research studies related to development of Emission factors and developing EFDB (can be integrated with existing regional initiatives), GHG mitigations and V&A to Climate Change