Development of CMYK Color Display: Display by Chromogenic Effect to Control Painted Color on Paper

8/13/2019 Development of CMYK Color Display: Display by Chromogenic Effect to Control Painted Color on Paper

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ManuscriptReceived:30, June, 2011

Revised:

13, July, 2011

Accepted:27, July, 2011

Published:10, August, 2011

Keywordsdisplay

technology,

subtractive

color model,

CMYK color

mode,

temperature

control,

infrared light,

simulation,

media art,

hothothermal

conversion

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plays such a

en spread innsmission. N

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International Journal of Advanced Computer Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp. 41-51, Jul. 2011.

International Journal Publishers Group (IJPG)

44

4. Implementation

4.1. Prototype 1This prototype uses two monochromic thermochromic

inks whose threshold temperatures are different (27 and 35degrees Celsius) to realize multi-layer display.

Peltier Device Grid

To control the temperature of the thermochromic inks,the system uses a number of peltier devices. Being chargedelectricity, the peltier device heats or cools according to itselectrical polarity. We applied small peltier deivice (30square millimetre-sized and 5 amperes at a maximum) to

make the prototype. All peltier devices are connected to themicrocontroller (PIC) and assigned to the grid (7 row, 5column) under a paper where the characters or images arepre-painted. This means the resolution of the prototypedisplay is 7x5 (Fig. 5).

Fig. 5. The grid of peltier devices under a paper.

When the signal to disappear the ink is send to the

grid point, the microcontroller supply positive voltage to thepeltier device set on the grid point and the peltier device

changes its function to disappear (heating) and increasethe temperature of the side in contact with a paper and theink disappears. On the contrary, when the signal to appearthe ink is send to the grid point, the peltier device of thegrid point changes its function to appear (cooling) anddecrease the temperature of the side in contact with a paper

and the ink appears. This means the system can control theappearance of the ink by only 1-bit signal from themicrocontroller.

Touch SensorTo enables users to interact with the system, we

implemented the input devices, capacitance sensors. Fig. 6

shows the capacitance sensor. Two pairs of copper foilsheets are put on a peltier device and a woody sheet andconnected to the microcontroller (PSoC). This means thatthe resolution of the capacitance sensors grid is same as the

peltier devices grid (7x5). The temperature sensor is set inthe grid point to measure the temperature of the surface ofthe paper and it sends signals to the microcontroller to stop

overheating. The paper with the thermochromic inky imageis put on the grid.

Fig. 6. The capacitance sensor.

However, if the user touches the paper directly, there isa possibility that the temperature of the ink changes due to

the bodily temperature of the user. So we set the paper in aframe with glass (Fig. 7). The capacitance sensors can

detect the users touch through the glass when highresistance units are embedded in the system.

Fig. 7. The user can interact with the paper with his/her finger over

the glass cover of the frame.

4.2. Prototype 2This prototype consists of layers of monochromic

thermochromic ink and liquid crystal ink and uses a numberof infrared LEDs to control the temperature of these inks.To use LED as a device to transfer heat to the ink, thermal

property of black ink is very useful. Black ink efficientlyabsorbs heat from infrared light, so we have painted black

ink on the back of the paper and put infrared LEDs underthe paper.

Design of Infrared LED Array

We have designed infrared LED arrays to transfer heatefficiently (Fig. 8). Maximum allowable current of eachLED is 100[mA]. Next, we have calculated the distancebetween LED arrays and paper.

Viewing angle of the infrared LED is 30. Fig. 9 showsthe side view of the infrared LED arrays and Fig. 10 showsthe top view of the irradiation area of each LED. Diameterof the infrared LED is 5[mm]. The pitch of the board is2.54[mm] so distance between sources of LED light is about

3.54[mm] (parameter kin Fig. 10).


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International Journal of Advanced Computer Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp. 41-51, Jul. 2011.


46

When turning off each LED, the temperature of theinks naturally comes back to room temperature. The speed

of cooling is dependent on room temperature. Refer to nextsection, Simulation for the details of cooling speed.

Simulation

We have run a simulation of heat-transfer distributionof LED light by FEM (Finite Element Method) with an

analysis tool [13].We set constant numbers for FEM simulation as

follows: Air temperature is 20 degree Celsius. Distancebetween paper and source of LED light is 0.268[mm] from

(Equ. 3).Definition of parameters is as follows: Heat-transfer

coefficient as h1 (the side of the LED array) and h2(another side). The coefficient of thermal conductivity of airas k. The thinness of paper asL ( 0.06[mm] ). The thermalflow rate of paper as q. The coefficient of thermal

conductivity of paper as ka ( 0.06[ W /m2

K] ) [14]. Thepapers surface temperature of the side of the LED array as

. The temperature of source of LED light as T.

h1 = h2 =Nuk

L(Equ. 5)

Coefficient of thermal conductivity of air is [14],

k = 0.0241 (Equ. 6)Nusselt number (Nu) without convection is,

u =1 (Equ. 7)

From equation (Equ. 5) to (Equ. 6), h1 and h2 are,

h1 =h2 = 0.402[W /m2K] (Equ. 8)

Thermal flow rate of paper is,

(Equ. 9)

Thermal flow rate of paper is,

q =h 2 (T (Equ. 10)

From (Equ. 8) to (Equ. 10), the relationship between and Tis,

=T 0.416 (Equ. 11)From (Equ. 1) to (Equ. 11), we have run FEM (Finite

Element Method) simulation.Fig. 13 shows the result of FEM simulation of

temperature distribution of paper of 1.000[sec], 2.000[sec],3.000[sec], and 4.000[sec] later after start of heating.

Fig. 14 shows the result temperature distribution of1.000[sec], 2.000[sec], 3.000[sec], 4.000[sec] (left side of

figure), 5.000[sec], 6.000[sec], 7.000[sec], and 8.000[sec](right side of figure) later after start of natural cooling.

The results of heating simulation show that thetemperature of the inks reaches;

1) 27 degrees Celsius, the temperature wherecolor-alteration of monochromic thermochromic ink starts

within one second.

2) 30 degrees Celsius, the temperature wherecolor-alteration of liquid crystal ink starts within one

second.3) 45 degrees Celsius, the temperature where

color-alteration of liquid crystal ink ends within fourseconds.

Fig. 13. Result of FEM simulation (heating).

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Yamada et al.:Development of CMYK Color Display: Display by Chromogenic Effect to Control Painted Color on Paper


51

Hiroki Yamada was born in Kanagawa,Japan, in 1984. He received the B.Sc. and

M.Sc. degrees from Osaka University in2007 and 2009. He is currently the Ph.D.

candidate at Research Center forAdvanced Science and Technology, The

University of Tokyo. He is with CyberInterface Lab which studies virtual

reality, human interface, and multimodalinterfaces since 2009. His research interests include product

design, information visualization, tangible user interface, andmedia arts. He belongs to Tokyo Interaction Center as a

researcher.

Kunihiro Nishimura was born inTokyo, Japan, in 1978. He received theB.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in

Engineering from The University ofTokyo in 2001, in 2003, in 2006

respectively. He was the assistantprofessor at Graduate School ofInformation Science and Technology,

The university of Tokyo until 2011. Heis currently the researcher at Research Center for Advanced

Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo. He is withCyber Interface Lab which studies virtual reality, human interface,

and multimodal interfaces since 2000. His research interestsinclude information visualization, virtual reality, data analysis,

bioinformatics, and media arts. He served as a technical producerat the Digital Public Art exhibition named "AIR-HARBOR" at

Haneda Airport in 2009 which aimes to integrate media art, publicart, and information technology.

Tomohiro Tanikawa received Ph.D.degrees from The University of Tokyo in

2002. Since 2005 he has been with CyberInterface Lab as a lecturer. His research

interests include virtual reality, augmentedreality and its applications.

Michitaka Hirose was born in

Kanagawa, Japan, in 1954. He receivedthe B.S. degree in engineering from The

University of Tokyo in 1977, and Ph.D.degrees in 1982, respectively. He

currently is the professor of TheUniversity of Tokyo. His research

interests include virtual reality,augmented reality and their applications.

Documents

Development of CMYK Color Display: Display by Chromogenic Effect to Control Painted Color on Paper