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Development of Biomaterials & Devices from Renewable Resources
Prof. Dr. Marie-Pierre Laborie
Dr. ir. Pieter Samyn
Institute for Forest Utilization and Works ScienceWerthmannstrasse 679085 Freiburg im Breisgau GermanyContact: [email protected]
06.12.2010 2
Valorization of (woody) biomass into novel biocomposites and products for building, transportation, biomedicals, packaging, membranes, …
Cellulose whiskers in thermosetting phenolic structural adhesives1
Some Examples...
Crosslinked chitosan /
chitin nanocrystal membranes4
Ecological alternative coatings and barrier materials for textiles and packaging3
1 H. Liu, M.P. Laborie, Soc Wood Science and Technology, Geneva (2010).2 G. Siquiera, C. Frachini, J. Bras, A. Dufresne, M.P. Laborie, ACS Spring Meeting ,San Francisco (2010). 3 P. Samyn, G. Schoukens, D. Stanssens, L. Vonck, H. Van den Abbeele, Prog. Org. Coat 69 (2010), 442. 4 A.P. Mathew, M.P. Laborie, K. Oksman, Biomacromolecules 10 (2009), 1627.
Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites2
CNW MFC
Tailoring
biomass to
fully bio-based
functional
materials
06.12.2010 3
Research Vision
WP‐4 SUSTAINABILITY
Fundamental understanding of cell wall
Progress in nanotech
manipulation
Structure‐property
relationships
Cellulose Microfibrils
Cellulose Whiskers
Lignin Nanospheres
Physico‐chemical interface control
Nanoscale adhesion control
Nanoscale hydrophobization & functionalization
CHEMICAL SURFACE MODIFICATION
TOP‐DOWN SHAPE ENGINEERINGHemicellulose platelets
ACTIVE FUNCTIONAL DEVICES
FUNCTIONAL BIOPOLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE
BIOPOLYMER MATRIX
2D ‐ Electrospinning 2D‐Nano‐objectpositioning
Exploitation of nano‐scale polymeric wood constituents
S E N S I N G
C O L O R I N G
R E L E A S I N G
C O N D U C T I N G
S E L F C L E A N I N G
S T A B I L I T Y
A D H E S I O N
W E T T A B I L I T Y
1.3
mm
Extraction products
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignin
Water
10 µm
Frequency
Temperature
06.12.2010 4
Fundamental understanding of the cell-wall
- Polymer physics models such as the cooperativity model work on wood
- No detectable difference in cooperativity for yellow-poplar and spruce
- Orientation has an impact on lignin Tg and intermolecular cooperativity:
orientation of lignin due to intimacy with cellulose microfibrils?
- Hot pressing wood influences the segmental relaxation of lignin
- Impregnation of phenolics in wood enhances cooperativity: IPN formation
- Correlate lignin structure and chemistry to its performance in the cell wall
- Biomechanics: understand the basis for performance in the cell wall
- Use Tg and cooperativity as tool to study wood variability
- Apply such models to hemicelluloses?
- Understand the impact of various treatments on the woody cell wall
Modelling the relaxation behaviour of wood:
What is next:
Laborie & al. 2005, Holzforschung Laborie 2005, in Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall
n110
nc (T)τωn1(T)τ
What’s next:
06.12.2010 5
Top-down shape engineering
- Novel “green-chemistry” procedures for extraction of nano-scale components from lignocellulosic biomass
- Link between forestry and biomass attributes
- Upgrading of pulp fiber rejects into nano-scale components
- Upgrading of by-products from pulping process (lignin, hemicellulose)
- Control of the morphology, dispersibility, stability depending on source and processing
x-
Chemical dissolution Mechanical Shear
+
Ionic liquids Homogenizer
Microfibrillated cellulose
Cellulose nanowhiskers
Lignin nano- spheres
Xylan platelets
Pulp fiber rejects Black liquor
06.12.2010 6
Chemical surface modification
Plasma-surface modification and polymerization
Adhesive control
Hydrophobicity control & Functionalization
In-situ dry formation of (surface-active or responsive) micro- to nano- structured surfaces and composites.
Control of interactions near the functional hydroxyl groupsat micro- to nanoscale level.
Tailoring dispersibility, wettability and surface functionalities of constituents by hybrid nanoparticles replacing surfactants
and acting as release mechanisms.
- Control of dispersability
- Interfacial compatibility in biopolymer composites
- “Green” surface modification in aqueous or solvent-free media
06.12.2010 7
Functional biocomposites and devices
Link local molecular processes and dynamics to macroscopic properties of biocomposites:
- Crystallization and cure kinetics modeling: effects surface chemistry, confinement
- Rheological modeling
- Molecular dynamics with relaxation studies, fragility, physical aging etc…
- Reinforcing and functional properties
New processing / manufacturing methods of cellulosic materials and devices
Can a cross-linked network of BC and fibrin provide elasticity and stiffness for blood vessels?
Gluteraldehyde treated BC and BC/Fibrin composite have tensile & creep properties that best mimic those of native blood vessels (E = 100- 150 GPa)
- Bottom-up assembly in 3D devices comprising nanocellulose and other
nano-objects
- Ink jet and printing technologies for the design of cellulose nanowhisker
devices
- Electrospinning of cellulose with other biopolymers
- Integrated production of BC with active compounds:
06.12.2010 8
Instrumentation and equipment to develop...
Preparation of wood-based nanoscale objects- Refiner, reactors, high pressure homogeneizer
Processing equipment- Electrospinning- Mini extruder, mini injection molder - Hot press
Analytical characterization- DMA, DSC, TGA, Rheometer- FTIR, AFM
Thank you!