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Development of an intelligent baby cradle for
home and hospital use
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
By
AQUIB NAWAZ
111BM0010
Under the guidance of
Prof. Kunal Pal
Department of Biotechnology
and medical Engineering
National Institute of technology,
Rourkela 769008
i
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Development of an intelligent baby cradle for home
and hospital use” submitted by Aquib Nawaz (111BM0010) in the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology degree in Biomedical Engineering at
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela is an authentic work carried out by them under my
supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has
not been submitted to any other University/Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.
Date:
Place: Prof. Kunal Pal
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Prof. Kunal Pal, Department
of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, for introducing the present topic and
for his inspiring guidance, constructive criticism and valuable suggestion throughout this project
work. We also extend our sincere thanks to all our friends who have patiently helped us in
accomplishing this undertaking. We also thank Mr. Vishvajeet Champathy, Mr. Gaurav Kulkarni
suraj nayak and Mr. Ripunjay for their constant support throughout the project work. We would
also like to thank Arduino forum and community and the makers of Arduino who built and
maintained the Arduino project open source and provided valuable resources to learn how to use
it.
Date:
AQUIB NAWAZ (111BM0010)
iii
CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………………………………….i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………...... ii
LIST OF FIGURE……………………………………………………………………………… iv
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………. . v
CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………… ..1
(i) Introduction………………………………………………………………….....2
(ii) Objective of the project……………………………………………………….. 3
(iii) Literature review……………………………………………………………….4
CHAPTER-2 MATERIALS AND METHOD…………………………………………………..19
(i) Procured and purpose………………………………………………………...20
(ii) Designing of the cradle model……………………………………………….21
(iii) Implementation of the PIR sensor monitoring system……………………….22
(iv) Implementation of the Bed-wet sensing system……………………………..22
(v) Implementation of the surface Body temperature measuring system………..22
(vi) Assembly the different monitoring system…………………………………..23
CHAPTER-3 RESULT AND DISSCUSSION………………………………………………….25
(1) The Assembled device……………………………………………………….26
CHAPTER-4 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………….. 27
(i) Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 28
CHAPTER-5 FUTURE SCOPE AND REFRENCES…………………………………………. 29
(i) Future scope----------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
(ii) References------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
DESCRIPTION PAGE
Figure 1: Manual wood cradle 4
Figure 2: cloth cradle 5
Figure 3: PIR sensor 10
Figure 4: Motor shield 11
Figure 5: Front view of Arduino UNO 12
Figure 6: Rear view of Arduino UNO 13
Figure 7: GPRS shield 14
Figure 8: Surface temperature sensor 15
Figure 9: PCB for wet sensing 16
Figure 10: picture of battery 17
Figure 11: geared motor 18
Figure 12: Prototype of cradle 21
Figure 13: Flow chart of system 24
Figure 14: The Assembled device 26
v
ABSTRACT
The customary Automatic child cradle frameworks are excessively lavish and they additionally don't
offer much usefulness. This venture intends to help those moms who are excessively occupied and
don't have a cleaning specialist or sitter to deal with their infants. This paper portrays the
configuration of a programmed cradle which fundamentally chips away at location of infant
development with the assistance of a PIR sensor. PIR sensor detects the movement of infant. After
the location of enlivening of infant various occasions are terminated which incorporate sending
notices to mother by SMS, swinging of cradle with the goal that the child feels good. In the event
that the child does not rest and/or quiets down after a certain period, a warning (SMS) is sent to the
folks saying that the infant needs their consideration. The cradle likewise incorporates extra
gimmicks like observing the temperature of the infant to give therapeutic thoughtfulness regarding
the child and cautions the folks if the body temperature of the child goes above to given threshold
temprature. The cradle additionally incorporates a wet sensor which will caution the folks or the
attendant/sitter for bunk wetting of the infant. It will help to keep the infant in a hygienic
environment. The framework is kept negligible as far as fittings as greatest measure of usefulness of
the cradle is performed through Arduino. The cradle is vitality productive and obliges no physical
consideration.
Keywords: Automatic cradle, bed-wet sensor, PIR sensor, swinging of cradle, movement detection
1
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
2
(1). Introduction
Generally, the baby cradle is used for to make sleep and soothe to baby. For example
guardian have to take care of their child till as they asleep. However, conventional cradle
does not electronically equipped such like battery or adapter to automate the cradle
automatically. In Addition to that, these kind of conventional cradle is used in villages areas
or non-developed cities due to its low prices. But the problem of this kind of designated
cradle is that you need manpower to take care of your child and your child may not be safe
and feel comfortable in the conventional cradle. Thus, we need automatic cradle to take care
of child which uses the battery or power source.
Besides, there are extra features or function is provided by the newly automatic cradle that
is beneficial for parents. Because in the present world people are very busy in their
professional life so they do not get ample time to take care of their infants. It will be very
difficult control the babies and if someone is hiring professional to take care of their infants.
It may increase your expenses from monthly expenditure. Moreover, in today, life it is very
hard to even for the homemakers (mummy) to sit nearby their babies and sooth them
whenever they feel uncomfortable. Though, it is automatic this application is very useful for
the nurses in maternity units of hospital.
3
(ii).Objective of the project
To design the development of an intelligent baby care, which has ability to monitor
baby movement, bed-wet condition and body temperature.
To make a baby cradle is safe and comfortable for baby with using PIR sensor to
detect the movement of the baby body as well as bed-wet condition to keep away
baby from hygienic environment.
To make cradle innovation that is more flexible and less expensive to market.
User friendly- simple and complete with instruction
4
(iii). Literature and Review
Introduction
This section will provide the details of literature review done according to our project title
“development of an intelligent baby cradle, with ability to monitor body movement, bed
wet condition and body temperature” and overview of automated baby cradle and the
research about cradle and related works which has been done till now are discussed.
Manual Design
The cradle which is manually designed does not require any power supply to operate. The
guardian have to cradle their child themselves whenever needed. There are many manual
cradle design available in the market such as wood cradle and cloth cradle (Figure-1 &
Figure-2).
Figure-1 Manual wood cradle[15]
5
Figure-2 cloth cradle[16]
But now days there is automatic cradle is available with the addition features[2]. This kind
of extra additional feature is added to the newly Automatic cradle is beneficial for the
users.
Cradle Research
According to the researcher there are useful ways to pacify and calm the baby which has
given below:
(1) Suckle a baby
(2) Rocking motion
(3) Singing a song
6
A cradle is one of the safest place for baby to comfort sleep and babies’ likes the cradle and
they enjoy in the cradle because they are habituate to rocking and all babies have already
rocked in their mom’s wombs. During the time of pregnancy whenever mother breathing
and movement of mother as well as through heart beat they enjoy rocking through
mentioned activity. The Vestibules is established from the 3rd
month onwards and fully
established at the time of birth. This the reason why baby feels comfortable whenever the
cradle swings.
Related works
Gim Wong introduce and electronic gadget that can be connected to the traditional
essentially mounted type crib[3]. Which is incited by the child cry voice got by the
amplifier gives short toss shaking activity to bunk the pushing and pulling on the footer
heard board. There is affectability control so child voice only execute the shaking action
and there is clock to control the duration of rocking action.
Anritha Ebenezer gives an approach to plan to design the automatic baby cradle for cry
detection[4]. Whenever analyze the sound intensity the cradle stars swings. It has approx.
six times per minute.it has wet sensor to shows infant wets, at what over point infant wets
resistance would change thus sending a signal. Different sensor such like temperature
sensor to show baby temperature, respiratory sensor that signs in apnea condition. GSM
modem has been used to send the SMS to the guardians in case baby is not stopping crying
as well as in the case of bed-wet.
7
Yang Hu proposed calculation of altering the bassinet influencing degree by the sensor
signals. The bassinet is made up of a versatile influencing gadget and different sensor system.
While infant is crying, the sensor system can judge the reason as indicated by identifying the
parameters, giving the distinctive signs to control circuit. In the meantime, the bassinet begins
to influence marginally. The influencing mood can be balanced as indicated by the parameters
from child status. They utilize three wet sensor situated in the bassinet base, one at the focus
and others at left and right of the base.
Steven bang has invented automatic baby rocker having noise sensor for analyze the baby
cry. Noise sensor having of Mic with a pre amplifier (2n3904 transistor). Signal from noise
sensor is led to the Arduino AT mega 328, which is used to curb the Dc motor. Some colorful
lights has been design by LED are used to provide entertainment to the baby while swinging
the cradle. Mabuchi RE-260RA DC motor with Tamiya 6 speed gear box is used to create the
swinging motion of the cradle along with gear ratio of 509.9.1. [4]
AUTOMATIC BABY CRADLE BENEFIT
The requirement of automatic intelligent baby cradle is day by bay increasing.
Especially in metropolitan cities. The benefits of Automatic cradle are:
(a) It is very easy to operate and it’s reduces the manpower work. The user can adjust
the cradle according to their comfort and use.
(b) User can adjust the time as per need of the parent’s the how long cradle will move
and the parents can finish their household work in that period.
8
(c) The one of the most benefit of this cradle is we can use cradle as a biomedical
product in the hospital. Hospital have neonatal and maternity units. It will be helpful for
the nurses to take care of infant and sooth whenever they need. They do not have to seat
nearby.
HARDWARE DESIGN AND DESCRIPTION
The following section describes the hardware that is being used in the project.
A. Hardware Requirements
1. PIR sensor
2. Motor shield
3. Arduino UNO
4. GPRS shield
5. Surface temperature sensor
6. Wet sensor(designed on PCB)
7. Power source (9 Volt rechargeable battery)
8. Geared motor
PIR SENSOR
A passive infrared sensor is an solid sensor that measures infrared lighting radiating from objects
in its field of view.. It is solid sensor or set of sensors made from pyro electric material –
material which generate energy when exposed to heat. That’s why it also called pyro electric
infrared sensor (Figure-3).
9
Features
1. Low cost, Small size
2. Easy to use and widely available
3. Easy to conceal in security application
4. Easy to interface
5. Detecting distance 10 cm to 80 cm
6. Output type – Analog voltage
7. Response time - 39ms
8. Supply voltage- 0.3 to 7 volts
9. Dissipation current- Max 35mA
Application
1. Used in motion detector
2. Indoor and outdoor lighting
3. Military and scientific application
4. Automatic light control safety
5. Used for intrusion detection
10
Figure-3 PIR sensor[17]
Motor shield
The Arduino Motor Shield is in view of the L298 (datasheet), which is a double full-connect
driver intended to drive inductive loads, for example, transfers, solenoids, DC and venturing
engines (Figure-4). It gives a chance to drive two DC engines with your Arduino board,
controlling the pace and bearing of every one autonomously. One can likewise gauge the engine
current ingestion of every engine, among different highlights.
Applications
1. Robotics
2. Mechanical Application
11
Figure-4 Motor sheild[18]
Arduino UNO
Arduino is a single board smaller scale microcontroller expected to make the use of intuitive
protests or situations more available (Figure-5 & Figure-6). The equipment comprise of an open
source equipment board outlined around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel
ARM. Current models highlight a USB interface, six simple inputs pins, and additionally 14
advanced I/O pins which permits a client to connect different augmentation sheets. Arduino Uno
can sense the environment by using the sensor , sensor receive the signal from environment and
send to the input part of Arduino, Arduino give the output from the output part as the
programming burn in the microcontroller. Arduino accept a programming software called sketch.
An Arduino can program infinite time. If a new program burn in the Arduino then previous
program will automatically vanish. We can use multiple of sensor at a time and all the instruction
should be in one program.
Application of Arduino
To develop any sensor based prototype equipment.
Develop any LED blinking circuit.
12
Xoscillo: open-source oscilloscope
• Arduino Phone
• Scientific equipment
Picture of Arduino
Figure-5 front view of Arduino UNO[19]
13
Figure-6 Rear view of Arduino UNO[20]
GPRS Shield
The GPRS Shield gives an approach to utilize the GSM cellphone systems to receive information
from remote areas, the shield permits to accomplish this by means of any of the three routines.
Short message service
Audio
GPRS services
The GPRS Shield is perfect with all sheets which have the same structure calculate and Pin out
as the standard Arduino board (Figure-7). The GPRS Shield is designed and controlled through
its UART utilizing straightforward AT summons in light of the SIM900 model from SIMCOM,
14
the GPRS Shield is similar to a cellphone. Other than the correspondence includes, the GPRS
Shield has 12 GPIO, 2PWMS and a Audio.
FEATURES
1. Lower power consumption
2. Industrial temperature range -40 to 85 degree
3. Sim card holder and GSM Antenna
4. It can send DTMF signal or play recording
5. Based on Simcom,s SIM 900 module
Application
1. Send SMS and DTMF signal
2. Recording Audio
Figure-7 GPRS sheild[21]
Surface temprature sensor
The surface temprature sensor is used for measurement of body skin temprature (Figure-8). The
surface temprature sensor has exposed thermister that results in an extremly quick time. This
design allows only for air and water use.
15
Specification
1. Temperature range: –25 to 125°C (–13 to 257°F)
2. Maximum temperature that the sensor can tolerate without damage: 150°C
3. Accuracy: ±0.2°C at 0°C, ±0.5°C at 100°C
4. Response time (time for 90% change in reading)
a. 50 seconds (in still air)
b. 20 seconds (in moving air)
5. Temperature sensor: 20 KΩ NTC Thermistor
Figure-8 surface temprature sensor[22]
Wet sensor(Designed on PCB Board)
To make a wet sensor we used a simple voltage divider to detect the resisitance and if the
ressitance below a certain limit we will let the serial monitor print that there is moisture detected.
16
To devlope a PCB for wet sensing first of all we dropped on HDR connceter on the new file and
send it to the ultiboard and there we draw the sensor layout like this (Figure-9).
1. Printed the layout in PDF format on a glossy paper
2. Took a copper bottom PCB board and put the printed circuit on it and ironed the paper so that
circuit could printed on the PCB
3. Then putted PCB in ferric chloride solution and shook for about an hour or more untill all the
copper on the board was gone except the print
4. Then removed the carbon of the print by washing it with a scrub and only a layout of copper
has left
5. Then applied soldering flux on the copper layout and lined it with soldering.
6. After that connecter was fixed and soldered and the PCB for moisture detection has
completed.
Figure-9 PCB for wet sensing
17
POWER SOURCE
Here I have used 2 power source for each system (Figure-10). Since Arduino need 9 V input
power maximum so the most common 9 volt dc power source is transistor battery. I can operate
my prototype by using this battery is around 30 minutes. It is small in size weightless and easy to
carry with this prototype.
Figure-10 Picture of battery[23]
Geared motor
The “gear motor” or “geared motor” is a motor having an attached ”gear assembly” (or gear
train) which enables the gear motor to provide greater torque at a lower rpm than the motor alone
would be capable of providing (Figure-11). In our experiments however, we didn’t need the gear
assembly. We used a 300 rpm, 12V motor to control the speed and direction.
Features
1. Low cost
2. High gear ratio and torque output
18
3. Compact
4. Balanaced load distribution
Application
1. Automotive applications
2. Robotic applications
3. Used in industry
4. Power winches on trucks
Figure-11 gear motor[24]
19
CHAPTER-2 Materials and Method
20
The material that has been used in this project is given below:
(1) PIR sensor
(ii) Arduino Uno
(iii) GPRS shield
(iv) Shield Motor
(v) Geared motor
(vi) Single sided copper cladded board
(vii) Vernier surface temperature sensor
(viii) The two 9V power supply
(1)PROCURED AND PURPOSE OF MATERIAL
(1) PIR Sensor- The PIR sensor has been used the model HC-SR501 in this project to detect
the baby movement and procured from the local store[5].
(ii) Arduino UNO- Arduino UNO is the microcontroller board and the Arduino AT MEGA
328 model has been used in this project and procured from the local store. And arduino has
been used for the quickly developed interactive objects, taking input from variety of switches
or sensors and controlling a variety of outputs such as automate the motor and detect the
temperature sounds and light this is called physical computing[6].
(iii) GPRS Shield- GPRS shield has provides the use in the GSM cell phone module to
receive information or data from the any location in this project the SIM 900 module has
been used to send the SMS to the parents and procured from the local store[7].
(iv) Motor shield- The arduino motor shield has been used and it is based on the H-bridge
chip L 298 driver integrated circuit .this motor shield mount with arduino and enable the
geared motor which help in swing of cradle. This is procured from the local store[8].
(v) As the name implies, a “gear motor” or “geared motor” is a motor having an attached
”gear assembly” (or gear train) which enables the gear motor to provide greater torque at a
lower rpm than the motor alone would be capable of providing. In our experiments however,
21
we didn’t need the gear assembly. We used a 300 rpm, 12V motor to control the speed and
direction and it is also procured from the local market or store.
(vi) Single sided copper cladded board- The copper cladded board has been used for the wet
detecting as a wet sensor. The PCB designed for wet sensor on the copper cladded board are
also procured from the local market[9].
(vii) Vernier surface temperature sensor- The surface temperature sensor0f model STS-BTA
has been used that has exposed thermistor to detect the quickly temperature. It has also
procured from the local market[10].
(viii) 9V power supply- the two 9V power supply has been used in this project of the
energizer company. It has been used to give power supply to arduino to function of the
prototype.
(ii)DESIGNING OF THE CRADLE MODEL
A schematic of the model of the prototype is shown in Figure-12.
Figure-12 Prototype of cradle
22
(iii)IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PIR SENSOR MONITORING SYSTEM
Pyro electric infrared (PIR) sensor is a strong state sensor which is fit for catching infrared
radiation emanating from the objects[11]. The sensor fundamentally measures the adjustments in
the infrared radiation amid development of the items, set with in the field of perspective of the
sensor. Since the sensor is equipped for distinguishing articles while they are in movement, they
are regularly viewed as movement finders. In this study, PIR sensor was appended on the pole of
the support in order to identify the development of the child. Once, the development of the infant
is recognized, a control sign was created to swing the support for the 5 minutes. In the event that
the sensor recognized the development of the infant after the progression of the swing stage, the
swing was rehashed for an additional five minutes.
(iv)IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BED-WET SENSING SYSTEM
A mesh like structure was produced on to a copper clad board the cross section was comprised of
two leads with extended structures. The expanded structures of the leads don't cover one another.
In other vicinity of Bed-wet condition, the leads was associated with a 5V force supply through
the resistance of 55 kilo-ohm. The second lead was joined with the ground. The yield of the
framework was taken from the 55kilo-ohm resistance and the lattice lead. The yield was
associated with the AIO information of the Arduino UNO board. Under typical circumstances
the lattice surface will carry on as open circuit and the yield of the sensor will be 5V. On account
of Bed-wet condition, there will a drop in the yield voltage. A not as much as rationale was
connected to produce a control signal for the actuation of the GSM module.
(V)IMPLIMENTATION OF SURFACE BODY TEMPRATURE MEASURING
SYSTEM
Observing of the body temperature of the new conceived children is of awesome significance,
particularly for the untimely and basically sick babies[12]. Remembering this numerous
scientists are attempting to create temperature checking framework. In this paper, a NTC
thermistor was utilized for outlining a temperature checking framework. Among a wide range of
temperature sensor, most dependable ones are thermistors. Thermistors are fundamentally
ceramic semiconductors which have negative warm coefficients, i.e., the resistance of thermistor
is nonlinearly and conversely identified with the temperature which permits to focus little
temperature variety at lower temperature range. The surface temperature sensor STS-BTA is an
23
uncommon kind of thermistor which has the extra thermistor to detect the temprature it has
benefit of high accuracy and flexibility. It is limited uses in water and air. The sensor has 15k-
ohm NTC thermistor, which is governed by stein-hart equation
T=[K0 + K1 (ln 1000R) + K2 (ln 1000R)^3]^-1 -273.15
Where
T= temperature, R= measured resistance in kilo-ohm, K0= 000.102119 K1=0.222468
K2=0.000000133342
To calculate the resistance the following equation has been used float resistance = (10000 *
voltage) / (5.0 - voltage) to calculate temperature Use these values for A, B, and C till we get
everything working, and then do some measurements to calibrate thermistor in circuit.
Float log cubed = Log (resistance);
Log cubed = log cubed * log cubed * log cubed;
Float kelvin = 1.0 / (-7.5e-4 + 6.23e-4 * log (resistance) - 1.73e-6 * (log cubed))
To Convert to Fahrenheit we have used this equation
Float f = (kelvin - 273.15) * 9.0/5.0 + 32.0; [5]
The following above equation was used for converting the voltage signals recorded to
temperature signal. The output of the temperature sensor was fed to the A1 channel of the
arduino Uno board.
A greater than equal to logic was applied to determine whether the body surface
temperature was above the preset level of 40.degree Celsius. In the event of the temperature
reaching 40 degree Celsius or above resulted in the generation of a control signal to activate a
GSM module.
(vi)ASSEMBLY THE DIFFERENT MONITORING SYSTEM
The different monitoring systems were merged together so as to have an automatic cradle which
can initiate the swing in the presence of the movement of the child. The integrated system was
able to detect the Bed-wet and body temperature of the child. In the event of either bed-wet,
24
increased temperature the GPRS Shield was activated to send a SMS to the users. The flow chart
of the device has been shown in Figure-13.
Figure-13 flow chart of the system
25
Chapter-3 Result and Discussion
26
(i) The Assembled Device
The individual devices were assembled and and was observed to be working efficiently in the
event of the movement (simulated by moving a hand of the PIR sensor), the started to rock.
When Bed-wet and hyperthermia conditions were simulated individually, the developed device
was able to send SMS to the users.
Figure-17 Assembled device
27
Chapter-4 Conclusion
28
CONCLUSION
In the present study, an intelligent baby cradle system was developed. The cradle was capable of
detecting the movement of the baby and initiate cradle swing. Additionally, in the event of Bed-
wet or hyperthermia, the developed device is capable of sending SMS. The device can be used to
minimize the workload of the parents and nurses in home and hospitals respectively.
29
Chapter- 5 Future Scope and References
30
(1)Future scope
In future we can add more features to make more efficient and user-friendly. The feature we can
add to this device such like parents can monitor their baby live via 3G, rotating toy with music
and camera, and the sound detector to detect sound of the baby could be added to enhance the
system features. With the development of technology daily routine has been eased for the parents
along with the baby care. Otherwise motherlap’s will be the best cradle for baby.
(ii)References:
[1] "Baby cradle-like carrier," ed: Google Patents, 1966.
[2] M. Blea and M. Harper, "Automatically rocking baby cradle," ed: Google Patents, 1973.
[3] Y. George, "Baby cradle rocked by electricity," ed: Google Patents, 1949.
[4] G. Wong, "Automatic baby crib rocker," ed: Google Patents, 1976.
[5] B. Song, H. Choi, and H. S. Lee, "Surveillance tracking system using passive infrared
motion sensors in wireless sensor network," in Information Networking, 2008. ICOIN
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[6] P. Jamieson, "Arduino for teaching embedded systems. are computer scientists and
engineering educators missing the boat?," Proc. FECS, pp. 289-294, 2010.
[7] M. S. Zaghloul, "GSM-GPRS Arduino Shield (GS-001) with SIM 900 chip module in
wireless data transmission system for data acquisition and control of power induction
furnace," International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, vol. 5, 2014.
[8] M. Margolis, Make an Arduino-controlled robot: " O'Reilly Media, Inc.", 2012.
[9] R. S. Byrd, M. Weitzman, N. E. Lanphear, and P. Auinger, "Bed-wetting in US children:
epidemiology and related behavior problems," Pediatrics, vol. 98, pp. 414-419, 1996.
[10] J.-H. Choi and V. Loftness, "Investigation of human body skin temperatures as a bio-
signal to indicate overall thermal sensations," Building and Environment, vol. 58, pp.
258-269, 2012.
[11] K. N. Ha, K. C. Lee, and S. Lee, "Development of PIR sensor based indoor location
detection system for smart home," in SICE-ICASE, 2006. International Joint Conference,
2006, pp. 2162-2167.
31
[12] P. A. Marques, "ambient temperature and nest temperature variation in enclosed nests
(spanish sparrow) and open-cup nests (iberian azure-winged magpie)," international
studies on sparrows, p. 14.
[13] M. Moghavvemi and L. C. Seng, "Pyroelectric infrared sensor for intruder detection," in
TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2004, pp. 656-659.
[14] I. Khattab, A. Menon, and A. Sakr, "Effect of Mode of Incorporation of Disintegrants on
the Characteristics of Fluid‐bed Wet‐granulated Tablets," Journal of pharmacy and
pharmacology, vol. 45, pp. 687-691, 1993.
[15] http://www.leeswoodprojects.com/images/babycradlepic
[16] http://www.sweetcouch.com/kids/493166-felony-baby-cradle-swing-cloth
[17] http://homemaderobo.blogspot.in/2014/07/pir-motion-sensor-interfacing-with.html
[18] http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Motor_Shield_V1.0
[19] http://antipastohw.pbworks.com/w/page/59635016/Arduino%20Uno
[20] http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardEthernet
[21] http://www.seeedstudio.com/wiki/GPRS_Shield_V1.0
[22] http://www.vernier.com/products/sensors/temperature-sensors/sts-bta/
[23] http://www.excellmedical.com/Energizer-9V-Battery-Volume-Pack.html
[24] http://www.robosoftsystems.co.in/roboshop/index.php/motor-accessories/dc-motors-
servo-motors/12v-dc-geared-motor-506.html