Development of a n Address Point Editing Application for ... · 12/1/2016 · majority of the points were derived from statewide parcel boundaries data from 2015, ... application

DevelopmentofanAddressPointEditingApplicationforLocalGovernments&PublicSafetyAnsweringPoints

ChrisKlaube

PennStateMGISProgram,CapstoneProject,Fall2016

DevelopmentofanAddressPointEditingApplicationforLocalGovernments

3GEOG596B–Fall2016

TableofContents

IntroductionandBackground....................................................4BuildinganAddressEditingApplication.....................................5OptimalEditingInterfaces.........................................................8TheNJRoadEditorApplication.................................................10DesigningtheApplication.........................................................12NeedsAssessment....................................................................12DevelopmentMethodologyandTimeline.................................16ExperimentMethodologyforUserInterfaceTests....................17ParticipantDemographics.........................................................18Results&Analysis....................................................................19Conclusions..............................................................................27References...............................................................................28APPENDIXA-UserTestTasksheet............................................30APPENDIXB-UserTestSurvey.................................................34


4 GEOG596B–Fall2016

IntroductionandBackgroundSincetheadventofwebenabledGIStechnologiesandWeb2.0,governmentagencieshavesoughtwebplatformstocollectanddisseminategeographicdata(Johnson,2013).Oneexampleisintheformofaweb-basedplatformforprovidingtimelyandaccuratespatialaddressinformation.Since2014,theNewJerseyOfficeofGIS(NJOGIS)andtheNewJerseyGeospatialForum’sAddressTaskForcehavebeenworkingonaprojecttodevelopanauthoritativeandcomprehensiveaddresspointsdatasetthatwillsupportpublicsafetyandNextGeneration9-1-1operationsaswellasgeneralgeocodingfunctionsacrossthestate.TheNJOGISandtheNewJerseyDepartmentofTransportation(NJDOT),inpartnershipwithseveralcounties,havealreadybuiltacomprehensivedistributededitingmodelforthedevelopmentofroadcenterlinesinformationacrossthestateofNewJersey(NJGIN,2015).Althoughroadcenterlinesrangesarethemostprevalentandwidelyuseddatasetforcurrent9-1-1publicsafetyansweringpoint(PSAP)addressoperations,addresspointsarethebestreferencedatasetforaccurategeocodinginbothpublicsafetyapplicationsandgeneralgeocodingpracticeNENA,2015;Zandbergen,2008;andZandbergen,2009.

TheNJOGIShasrecentlycompletedthefirstdraftpublicationofastatewideaddresspointmodelthatwillsupporttheNationalEmergencyNumberAssociation’s(NENA)dataexchangestandardsandlinkdirectlywiththeNJRoadCenterlineDataModel.(NENA,2014).Themodelallowsforthedevelopmentofhighlystandardizedaddresspointinformationwithassociatedlandmarkorplacenamesinformation(NJGIN,2016).Amajorityofthepointswerederivedfromstatewideparcelboundariesdatafrom2015,throughacomplexsetofgeoprocessingtasksthatlinkedpointstonearbyNJRoadCenterlinesegmentsandstandardizedstreetnameswiththeNJRoadCenterlinesmodel.Addresspointpostaldeliveryinformation(PostalName,ZipCode,Zip4)werealsocorrectedusingaUSPostalServiceCodingAccuracySupportSystem(CASS)certifiedaddressvalidationservice.Addresspointswerealsoextractedandtransformedintotheaddresspointmodelfromseveralcountypartnerswhomaintaintheirownaddresspointdatasets.

TheNJOGIShasbuiltacomplexdistributedroadeditingmodeltosupport9-1-1PSAP’sandlocalgovernmentsastheytransitiontoNextGeneration9-1-1.Anassociatedroadeditorwebapplicationsimultaneouslyallowsthestatetoimproveitsroadcenterlineslayerthroughvolunteeredlocalknowledgefrompartneragenciesandlocalgovernments,providingvaluablevolunteeredgeographicinformationthatwould



otherwisebecostlytoobtain.Buildingastatewidedatamodelandpartneringwithlocalknowledgeholdersalsoleadstoareductionintheduplicationofeffort.Inordertoensuredataqualityandintegrityintheroadsmodel,adatacurationworkflowhasbeenestablishedtovetanyincomingeditstotheroadcenterlinesdata,whichhasofferedthebestcompromiseinobtainingvaluableandauthoritativedata.Adatacurationmodelallowsformediatinggeneralconcernsoverdataqualityissuesfromvolunteereddata,astheeditsarealwaysreviewedbeforebeingincorporatedintoproduction(Johnson,2016).

Althoughroadcenterlinesareanimportantbackbonetogeocodingand9-1-1addresssearch,addresspointsarethebestaddressstorageformatforpromotingaccurategeocodingandwillbecomeincreasinglyimportantto9-1-1.WhiletheNJOGIShasalreadydevelopedaninitialstatewideaddresspointlayerforpublicsafetyuse,muchofthedatasetremainsincompleteinmanyareasacrossthestate.Forthisreason,theNJOGIShopestoprovideasimilardistributededitingenvironmentforthedevelopmentofaddresspoints.Thefirststepinthisprocesswillbethedevelopmentofaweb-basededitingapplicationforlocalgovernmentsand9-1-1PSAPstoedit,updateanddownloadaddresspointinformationfortheirownuse.Initsinitialconception,theproposedapplicationwillshowexistingaddresspointsandrelatedparcelandroadcenterlinesinformationinageographicalcontext,andallowcontributorstoeditandupdateaddresspointsinthestatewidedatabase.

Thispaperwillattempttoanalyzethemanychallengesandbenefitsoutlinedinsimilarvolunteeredgeographicinformationprojects,provideareviewofthetypesofuserinterfacefeaturesthatwereusedinsimilarprojectsandoutlineaprototypeforanaddresspointwebeditingapplication.

BuildinganAddressEditingApplicationTheprimarygoalofthisprojectwastodevelopasecurewebapplicationthatwouldallowlocalgovernmentandpublicsafetypersonneltoeditandcorrectaddresspointsinformation.Providingasimpleweb-basedplatformforeditingthisaddressdatawillallowmanylocalagencieswiththemeanstoupdateandconsumeaddresspointdata,manyofwhichnothavespecificGISinfrastructureandexpertiseoftheirown.Likewise,allowinglocalinformationholderswiththisplatformwillfacilitateimprovementsand



additionstotheNJAddressPointmodelfromlocalknowledgeholders,whichisakeymotivatorforusingaVGIplatform.Theapplicationwillbecenteredonthesearch,editinganddownloadingofaddressinformation.Table1presentsfivemainapplicationtaskswhichwerespecificallyoutlinedtomeettheseobjectives.

Table1.ApplicationTasks

SearchforAddresses

ViewExistingAddressInformation

ModifyAddresses(Update/Delete)

AddaNewAddressPoint

SelectMultipleAddressesandDownloadInformation

ThefirstfourapplicationtaskslistedinTable1arerelativelystraightforward,andarecommontoallgeographiceditingapplications.Auserwillneedtobeabletofindandidentifyexistingfeaturesbeforedecidinguponanycorrectionsoradditionsthatneedtobemade.Thefinalapplicationtaskisproposedasanoptionalapplicationfeaturethatwouldallowausertoselectanddownloadasubsetofaddresspointfeaturesingeographicformat.Offeringthisfeaturewouldallowuserstoconsumethegeographicdataimmediatelyintheirlocalgovernmentorpublicsafetyenterpriseattheirowndiscretion.

Thedesignworkflowfortheaddressapplicationbeganwithgeneralconceptsandgraduallyworkintomorespecificaspectsofthedesign,startingwithageneralneedsassessmentthatincludefareviewofsimilarVGIprojects,anexploratoryanalysisofthetargetuser,anidentificationofuserworkflowsor‘scenarios’andlastlyasketchingofapplicationprototypesthatwouldbeusedtoguidethefinaldevelopment.ThisworkflowfollowedtheessentialGISdesignprocessoutlinedinFigure1.



Figure1.GISApplicationDesignProcess(Robinson,2014)

AcorefeatureoftheGISapplicationdesignprocessistheideathatevaluation,whetherbyendusersorthedevelopmentteam,isanexercisethatisundertakenthroughouttheentiredesignprocess.TheneedsassessmentbeganwithathoroughevaluationofsimilarVGIprojectsdiscussedintheliteratureandanearlierapplicationbuiltbytheNJOfficeofGIS,afterwhichtheneedsassessmentfocusedonspecificuserneedsandprojectneedsthatneededtobeconsidered.Conceptdevelopmentinvolvedtherefinementofapplicationinterfacetraitsandhowtheyrelatedtotheneedsoftheprojectasawhole.

VolunteeredGeographicInformationandGovernmentVolunteeredgeographicinformation(VGI)isessentiallyaparadigminwhichvolunteers,whetherspecificallyknownorunknown,contributegeospatialdataandlocalknowledgeandisbestunderstoodasaspatialformofcrowdsourcing(Goodchild,2007).VGImaybeusedbygovernmentagenciesformanyreasons,includingimprovingcitizenengagement,increasingefficiencyinreportingmechanismsandreducingcostsindatadevelopment.WiththedevelopmentofWeb2.0technologyandimprovementsinwebGISplatforms,manygovernments,atallscales,havebeguntoundertakeprojectsthatwillopenuptheircoredatasetstovolunteercontributions(Johnson,2013).Sieber(2015)describehowgovernmentagencies,afterprovidinginternetinfrastructureforopendata,havebeguntorealizethepossiblebenefitsofleveraginginternettechnologyandvolunteerstoimproveupontheirgeographicdata.Likewise,largergovernmentbodieshavebeguntorealizethepracticalbenefitsofcollaborationwithlocalgovernmentagencies.LocalgovernmentagenciesbenefitfromutilizingtheITinfrastructureofthelargergovernmentforenterpriseGISresources,andthelargergovernmentbodybenefitsfromareductionineffortandincreasedsharingoflocal



geographicknowledgefromtheformer(Johnson,2013).Janakiraman(2010)describeascenarioinwhichmultiplegovernmentagenciesacrossscales,havingacommoninterestinacoredataset,useafederatedstatewideeditingplatformtocollaborateandreduceduplicationandredundancy.

Anotherdriverofgovernmentuseofvolunteeredgeographicdataisthefactthatformanylargergovernmentdatasets,attributesmaybelackinginaccuracyandcompleteness,andwouldbenefitfromlocalexpertise(Hackley,2010).AlthoughgovernmentsmaybenefitgreatlyfromVGIatthelocallevel,therearestillsignificanthurdlestoovercomeingovernmentagencyacceptanceanduseofthedata(Johnson,2013).Significanthurdlesincludereceivingdataofquestionableaccuracy,regulationssurroundingtheuseofdata,andgovernments’abilitytotrackandrespondtoincominginformation(Johnson,2016).Despitethesehurdles,governmentshavebeguntomovetowardaplatformparadigm,wherebyaformertopdown/closeddoorapproachtoGISdatamanagementmaybereplacedinwholeorpartwithamorehybridapproachthatemphasizesbottomupcontributions(Dobson,2013andJohnson,2016).Otherprivatesectorcorporations,suchasGoogle,havealsobeguntoembracetheuseofVGIandamorehybridapproachtodatadevelopment(Dobson,2013).

Dependinguponthenatureofthegeographicdataandgovernmentrequirements,datamaybeopenedupcompletelytocrowdsourcing,orcuratedbyanagencythroughspecificfiltersandworkflowsthatattempttoalleviateandpreventdataqualityandaccuracyissues(JohnsonandSieber,2012).Johnson(2016)describeshowacurateddatamodelrequiresmeetingbothtechnicalandorganizationalchallenges,asdifficultiesinlearningnewtoolsandtechnologiesanddifficultiesinprovidingstaffingresourcestoreviewcontributionsmayarise.Asaresult,technicalsystemsforVGIshouldbebasedonaugmentingexistingdatasets,practicesandtechnologiesasmuchaspossible,inordertopreventissueswithlearningnewtechnology(SieberandJohnson,2015).

OptimalEditingInterfacesInordertocreateanoptimaluserinterfaceintheeditingapplication,itisimportanttounderstandthetypesoffeaturesthataresuccessfulindifferenttypesofVGIapplications.NakatsuandCharalambos(2014)discussaprocessthattheyusedtoclassifycrowdsourcingapplicationsalongthreedimensionsoftaskcomplexityinorder



tocompareandcontrastuserinterfacefeatures.Thethreedimensionsoftaskcomplexitywereindependent(accomplishedbyasingleuser)versusinterdependenttasks,well-structured(specific,repeatable)versusunstructuredtasks,andlowcommitmentversushighcommitmenttasks.Theauthorsinvestigatedonespecificcommercialgeo-locatedcrowdsourcingapplication,calledWaze,andfoundthatsimple,easytouseandmobilefriendlyinterfacefeatureswerecrucialtothesetypesofapplications.Acrossallapplicationtasktypes,whethergeographicornot,theauthorssupporttheideathateasysearchabilityandnavigabilityweremostimportanttotheuserinterface.Goodchild(2011)elucidatesontheproblemsthatarepreventingthedevelopmentofasimpleandeasytouseGISinterface,includingalackofformalizedfunctionality,andalackofunderstandingoftheuser’sthoughtprocesses.Rothetal(2015)supportthisnotionthatakeycomponentofuserinterfacesuccessisadeepunderstandingofthetargetuser,theirusecasesandtheirthoughtprocesses.Theauthorsdescribethethreetenetsofuserinterfacesuccess;usability,utilityanduser.Understandingthetargetuserwillinevitablyaffectjudgmentsontheothertwocategoriesofusabilityandutilityoftheinterface.JonesandWeber(2012)provideanin-depthanalysisoflearnabilityissuesfacedinaVGIwebeditorforOpenStreetMap.Theseissuesarecentraltotheoverallexperienceoftheuserandthusmaynotpromotewideradoptionandcontributionsfromusers.TheauthorssummarizeninerulesofinterfacedesignthatrelatetokeylearnabilityissuesfoundinVGIapplications.Theycanbeseparatedintothreegeneralthemes:reducingeditingerrorsandincreasingeditingefficiency,providingastandardizedandconsistentuserexperiencethroughouttheapplication,andpromotingactivefeedbackandhelpinterfacesthroughouttheapplication.JonesandWeber(2012)suggestseveralimprovementstoreducingeditingerrorsandpromotingefficiency.Editingfeaturesmustbeclearlyvisible,understandableandlabeledlogicallyfortheuser.ManyoftheeditingobjectnamesintheOpenStreetMapapplicationwerenoteasilyunderstoodbytheuserbecausethecreatorshadusedunusualtermsinlieuofpopularlabelssuchaspoints,linesandpolygons.Inaddition,userinterfacefeaturesshouldstayconsistentinlocationandtype,whenausermovesbetweenviewingandeditingmodesintheapplication.Inconsistencyinthelocationoftoolsandeditingworkflowsbetweendifferentobjectscreatedagreatdegreeofuserdissatisfactionanderrorsintheeditingprocess.Lastly,theapplicationinterfaceshouldstrivetobedynamicandpromoteactivefeedbacktotheuser.Theauthorsmentionseveralexamples,includingdisablingunneededtoolsduringspecificworkflowsand



providingclearfeedbackoncurrent,activeandunsavededits.Allofthesesuggestionstakentogethercanhelpreducecognitiveload,frustrationandcomplexityfortheuser,whichmaypromotemorecontributionsfromusers.Insummary,theproblematicuserinterfaceelementsthatwerediscoveredinearlierVGIapplicationsareallimportanttoconsiderwhendesigninganaddresspointeditingapplication.ManyoftheapplicationelementsarenotnecessarilyspecifictoVGIapplicationsbuttoallGISwebeditingapplicationsasawhole.Severalbroadthemesofpositiveuserinterfacetraitshavebeenrecognizedintheliterature,andcanbethoughtofasrelatingtosearchabilityandefficiency,interfacepredictabilityanduserguidanceandfeedback.Alloftheabovethemesprovideabetteruserexperienceintermsofworkflowefficiencyandapplicationlearnability,andallofthethesethemeswillbecriticalinbuildingasuccessfuladdresspointeditor.

TheNJRoadEditorApplicationAreviewofthepreviouslydevelopedNJRoadEditorapplicationwasconductedtocritiquecommoninterfaceelements.TheNJRoadEditorapplication(Figure2)isasimilarwebapplicationthatwasdevelopedtoallowtrustedlocalsourcestoeditNewJerseyroadcenterlinesdatainawebenvironment.Theapplicationwasreleasedin2014andhassincebuiltastronguserbase.AreviewoftheNJRoadEditoruserinterfacefeatureswasconductedtodeterminewhat,ifany,featuresmightbebeneficialtoincorporateintheaddresspointapplication.Therewereseveralnotablefeaturesthatwerefoundinlinewithrecommendationsfromtheliterature.

Figure2.TheNewJerseyRoadEditorInterface.

Foremost,theNJRoadEditorapplicationmadeheavyuseofaguidedanddynamicuserinterfacethatpromotedactivefeedbacktotheuserastheysteppedthroughtheeditingprocess.Userinterfacefeaturesthatwerenotpartoftheworkfloworunnecessaryduringaspecificstep,weredisabled.Forexample,theeditingtoolsforupdatingaroad



andaddinganewroadweredisabledwhenauserwasnotwithinaneditingsession.Likewisewhenauseroptedtoaddanewroad,allotherinterfaceelementsweredisabledtosignifythattheusermustdrawaroadbeforemovingforward.Inaddition,amessagewindowprovidedconsistenttipsandsuggestionstotheuserastheysteppedthroughtheapplication(Fig3).Lastly,anactiveeditsstatuswindowwasprovidedtoallowtheusertoviewandchangetheirsuggestededitsbeforecommittingthemtothedatabase.Auserhadtheoptionofremovingindividualeditsbeforecommittingothers,therebypromotingaccuracyandreducingeditingerrors(Fig4).

Figure3.NJRoadEditorMessageWindow

Figure4.EditsStatusWindow



DesigningtheApplicationBeforeanydesigningandprototypingoftheapplicationcancommence,itisimportanttooutlinealloftheapplicationinterfacefeaturesthatwillbeused.TheNJRoadEditorapplication,likethesimilarlyproposedaddresspointeditorapplication,allowsforlocalcontributorstoeditgeographicdata,andcanbestbethoughtofasagovernmentcuratedvolunteeredgeographicinformationapplication.Forthisreason,itisimportanttounderstandthepositiveuserinterfacefeaturesintheNJRoadeditorapplicationthatcanbeusedinfuturedevelopment.ManyoftheapplicationfeaturesusedintheNJRoadEditorapplicationhavemetthecriteriaandrecommendationsoutlinedbypreviousresearchandmeetthethreebroadthemesofsuccessfulVGIapplicationtraits.Table2outlinesapplicationfeaturesfromtheNJRoadEditorapplicationandadditionalproposedapplicationfeaturesfortheaddresspointeditingapplication,thatalignwiththesethreecategories.

Table2.ApplicationFeaturesforSuccessfulVGIApplications

NeedsAssessmentAneedsassessmentforapplicationfeaturesandfunctionsiscriticaltotheearlystagesofthedesignprocess.Forthisproject,applicationneedswereorganizedintotwobroadcategories:ProjectSpecificNeedsandUserNeeds.(Figure5)Thispaperwillfirstoutlinethespecificrequirementsoftheapplicationinmeetingthedataqualityneeds,andwillthenattempttooutlinetheneedsofatypicaluser.



Figure5.ApplicationRequirements

Thereareanumberofprojectneedsthatneededtobeincorporatedintothedesignoftheapplication.Theseprojectspecificneedsincludedsecurityrestrictions,datamodelspecificconsiderationsanddataqualityneedsthatneededtobemettoensuredataconsistencyandqualityandaddressformattingvalidationstoensureaccuratepostalattributesforaddresses.

EditingRestrictions

AspecificprojectrequirementwasthatusersmustberegisteredandvettedbythestateGISadminteambeforebeingallowedtocontributeeditstowardstheirjurisdiction.Inthisscenario,theapplicationwouldrequiretheusertologinbeforegainingaccesstotheeditinginterface.Inaddition,afteracertainperiodofinactivity,ausersessionwouldbeterminatedautomaticallytoensuresecurity.

Registeringandvettingusersisoneexampleofanexamplefeaturethatwillsupportdataquality.Anyeditsmadewillthusbeeasilytrackedtospecificusers,andusersmaythenbecontactedforfurtherclarificationonspecificcontributions.Likewiseformsforenteringattributeinformation,willhavetoprovidevalidationandlimitationsforspecificdomainsofvalues,dependingonwhatislistedintheacceptedAddressPointdatamodel.Thiswillensureaccuratedataqualityandconsistencythroughoutthedataset.

ApplicationFeatures

ProjectNeeds UserNeeds



ReducingRedundancy

Oneoftheotherprojectspecificgoalswastonormalizeorstandardizeroadcenterlinestreetnameswithaddresspointstreetnamestotheutmostextentpossible.Asmentionedearlier,thestatealreadyoffersaverydetailedandcomprehensiveroadcenterlinesdatasetwitharichdatabaseofstandardizedstreetnames.Likewise,manycurrentgeocodingresourcesofferedbythestateuseacombinationofaddresspointsandroadcenterlines.Standardizingstreetnamesbetweenthesetwodatasetswouldassistinimprovinggeocodingconsistencyandaccuracy.Similarly,usingexistingstreetnameinformation(whereavailable)wouldreduceredundancyandduplicationofefforts.

TemplatingFeatures

Inordertomeetthegoalofreducingredundancy,aspecificuserinterfacefeaturewasproposed,wherebytheuserwouldbeabletoselectthenearestroadsegmentassociatedwithanewaddresspointfeature,toautomaticallyfillintheaddresspointstreetnameattributes.Doingsowouldallowtheapplicationtoautomaticallystandardizetheaddresspointstreetinformationwiththeroadcenterlinesnetworkandwouldhelpaidinefficiencyandproductivityfortheenduser.Asimpleandintuitiveinterfaceforlinkingaddresspointstoexistingroadswouldofferthebestpotentialforproductivityoncetheuserhadlearnedtheeditingenvironment,whichsupportedestablishedrecommendationsforusabilitydesign(Behrensetal.,2015andNielsen,1993).

CorrectingPostalInformation

Inadditiontoautomaticallystandardizingstreetnameinformation,anotherprojectrequirementidentifiedintheplanningstagesofthisdatamodelistheneedforaccuratepostalcodeinformationforaddresses.PostalcodeinformationrefersspecificallytotheUSPostalServiceaddressattributesofPostalCityName,ZipCodeandZipPlus4.Itisunderstoodthatnotalladdressesandsubaddressesthatwillbecapturedintheaddresspointdatamodelwillbevalidanddeliverablepostaladdresses.However,tothegreatestextentpossible,thegoaloftheaddresspointdatamodelistocaptureaccuratepostalcodeinformation.Tomeetthisrequirement,anotheroptionalapplicationfeaturewasproposedthatwouldvalidatenewlyaddedaddressesagainstaUSPostalServicecertifiedaddressvalidationservice.Theuserwouldthenbepromptedtoacceptordenyanypostalcodechangesproposedbytheaddressvalidationservice(Figure6).



Figure6.AddressValidationWorkflow

UserNeeds

Inordertounderstandthespecificneedsoftheaverageuserorcontributorofthistypeofapplication,acompletedefinitionofthetypicalusermustbecreated.Oneoftheinitiallystatedprojectgoalswastoofferpublicsafetyandlocalgovernmentagencies,theabilitytoeditandobtainaddresspointinformation.Inthisscenario,thelargestgroupofanticipateduserswouldbelocal,county,regionalorstategovernmentemployeesandpersonnelfrompublicsafetyandemergencymanagementagencies.Theseusersarelistedin(Figure7).

Figure7.AnticipatedUsers

ThereareanumberofuserattributesthatarenotevidentintheusergroupslistedinFigure7,butwhichareimportanttoconsiderindesigningtheapplication.TheusermayormaynothaveanypreviousGISorspatialeditingexperience.TheapplicationdesignmustconsiderthistoensuretheinterfaceiseasytounderstandandtheworktaskscanbeaccomplishedwithoutpriorGISknowledge.

Secondly,theusermaynothavemuchtimetoaccomplishtheeditingtasks.Dependingupontheuserlistedaboveandtheirexistingworkconstraints,someuserswithinthepublicsafetydomain,particularly9-1-1dispatchersandtelecommunicators,willhave

UserEditsAddress

USPSCASSValidation

EditsSaved

SaveChangesorValidateAddress

AcceptorDenyChanges

Validate

Save

PublicSafety-911DispatchStaff-EmergencyManagementStaff-ClericalStaff

LocalGovernment-MunicipalEmployees-CountyEmployees-RegionalAgencyEmployees

StateGovernment-StateAgencyEmployees



verylittletimetoeditexistingaddresspoints.Thedilemmaliesinthefactthattheseusersareoftenonthefrontlinesofwitnessingaddressingerrorsandmayindeedhavethebestlocalknowledge.Forthesereasons,itisimportanttotakethisspecificusergroup’sneedsintoaccount,specificallymakingtheapplicationeditingtaskssimple,efficientandswift.

DevelopmentMethodologyandTimelineTheinitialprojecttimelinerequiredthataworkingproductionapplicationbecompletedbythefirstquarterof2017.Inordertomeetthisacceleratedtimeline,weusedatwo-stepprototypingprocessthatincorporatedbothlowfidelitywireframesandahighfidelityapplicationprototypetocritiquevarioususerinterfacedesignsandworkflows.Usingbothlow-fidelityandhigh-fidelityprototypesallowedfortheopportunitytoreviewboththeapplicationinteractionelementsandtheactualapplicationrepresentation(Roth,2016).Throughoutbothprototypingexercises,weincorporatedevaluationontheuserinterfacedesign(Figure8).

Forthelow-fidelitywireframeprototypes,weusedBalsamiq,afreeandinteractivewireframingtool.Ahigh-fidelityfunctioningprototypewasthencreatedusingJavascriptandtheBootstrapdevelopmentframeworklibraries.Theprototypewasthenevaluated

Figure8.DevelopmentWorkflow

LowFidelityWireframes

HighFidelityApplicationPrototype

FinalApplication



inaseriesofuserteststoevaluatethefunctionaluserinterfaceelementsandapplicationlearnability.TheHighFidelityApplicationPrototypeOverthecourseofsummerandearlyfallof2016,aworkingprototypeversionoftheapplicationwasdeveloped.TheapplicationwasdevelopedusingHTML5,JQuery,theArcGISJavascriptAPI3.18andtheBootstrapUIframework.OtherlibrariesthatwereusedintheapplicationincludedtheJQueryValidationEnginelibraryandtheBootstrapTourlibrary,whichwasusedtocreatethemaptourcomponents.(CITE&CITE!).TheapplicationusesatestversionoftheStateofNewJersey’sauthenticationportal,whichprovidesauthenticationwiththestate’sArcGISServerservices.Theapplicationwasthenstagedonstatetestserverstobeusedfortheuserinterfacetests.

ExperimentMethodologyforUserInterfaceTestsManydifferentuserinterfacetestingmethodshavebeenappliedtogeographicinformationwebapplicationsinthepast,includingusabilitytestingcognitivewalkthroughsandpredictivemodeling(Nielsen,2004).ForthisapplicationusabilitytestwedecidedtouseaThinkAloudmethodforusabilityandlearnabilityanalysis,asitwouldallowusetounderstanduserthoughtprocessesinrealtimeastheyinteractedwiththeapplication(Jones&Weber2012andNielsen2002).IntheThinkAloudusabilityanalysismethod,participantsandencouragedtocommunicatetheiractions,intentionsandreactionsoutloudastheyprogressthroughauserinterface(Neilsenetal2002).Inconsultationwiththeprojectteamthatsponsoredtheapplicationdevelopment,aseriesof14userinterfacestepsweredraftedfortheThinkAloudsession.ThetaskscoveredalloftheUIelements,functionsandworkflowswithintheapplication.Thebeginningtaskscenteredontheapplicationhelpinterface,mapnavigationandsearch,followedbyaseriesofmixedtasksthatcoveredalloftheeditingworkflowsandcapabilitiesallowedwithintheapplication.Thetasksrangedincomplexityandsizeandweredispersedinorderthroughoutthetasksheet.Someofthetasksweresomewhat



redundant,suchasupdatinganexistingaddress,inordertoinvestigatewhetherusersimprovedintheirunderstandingoftheuserinterfaceastheworkflowprogressed.Alloftheusersweregiventhesameinstructionsheetandverbalinstructionsatthebeginningofeachusersession.Alloftheuserswereinstructedthattheycouldnotaskthemoderatorquestionsabouttheuserinterfaceandtheywereallowedtoabandonanytaskattheirdiscretion.Alloftheusertestsessionswererecordedusingamobiledigitalvoicerecorderapplicationandtaskcompletiontimeswereloggedbythemoderatorusingastopwatch,whiletheuserperformedeachtask.TheusertestinstructionsandtaskscanbefoundincanbefoundinAppendixA.Aftereachusertestsession,theparticipantwasaskedtocompleteafivequestionsurveyregardingtheirexperienceswiththeapplication.Surveyquestionscenteredonparticipant’sopinionsoftheapplicationeaseofuse,learnabilityandtheparticularuserinterfaceelementstheyfoundtobepositiveandnegative.Acopyofthepost-testsurveycanbefoundinAppendixB.

ParticipantDemographicsAtotalof12participants(N=12)wererecruitedfortheuserinterfacetests.ParticipantswererecruitedthroughastateGIScommitteeand9-1-1committeeemaillistservsandsocialmedia.Participantswereevenlysplitintotwomajorcategories:thosewithprofessionalGISexperience,andthosewithoutanypriorGISexperience.Ofthe6non-GISprofessionalparticipants,3wereformer9-1-1dispatchandpublicsafetypersonnel.Halfoftheparticipantswerefemaleandtheotherhalfweremale,ranginginagefrom24to61.Noneofthenon-GISparticipantshadanypriorexperiencewitheditingGISdatawithinawebapplication.



Results&AnalysisAftereachuserinterfacesession,tasktimes,usercomments,moderatornotes,andthepost-surveywerethentransferredintoadigitalformatforfurtheranalysis.Theresultsanalysiscenteredonqualitativeusabilityevaluation,aswasperformedinothersimilarlearnabilitystudies(JonesandWeber2012).OfparticularimportancewasthequestionofwhethertheapplicationdesignhadsucceededinmakinguserinterfacefeaturesaccessibleandeasytouseforGISandnonGISprofessionalsalike.TaskDurationsandSuccessRatesTaskcompletiontimeswererecordedanconvertedtominutesforeachuser.Overall,averageoveralltimesandtaskcompletiontimesweresimilarbetweentheGISandNon-GISProfessionalgroups.However,taskcompletionanddurationratesseemedtodiffersubstantiallyamongstusersineachgroup.Tables3and4showthebreakdownoftaskdurationsandcompletionratesbetweengroupsandusers.Table3.

Table4.



Overall,usersintheGISprofessionalcategoryhadlowertaskcompletiontimesandahighertaskcompletionrate,withanaveragetestcompletiontimeof22.5minutes,comparedtononGISprofessionalswithatimeof24.1minutes.ThetaskswiththehighestaveragedurationsinbothusergroupswereTask1(HelpTours)andTask6(Addinganewaddresspoint),howevertheseaveragetasktimesmayhavebeenskewedbytheparticipantswhoabandonedtasksafterattemptingthemforlongperiodsoftime.Thetaskswiththelowestsuccess/completionratesamongallparticipantswereTask8(Addanewroad)andTask10(Extendaroadsegment).BothTask8andTask10includemakingeditstoroadsegments,whichmaypointtounoptimizeduserinterfacecomponentsinthisarea.Thesecondlowestsuccess/completionrateoccurredforTask6(Addinganewaddresspoint).Forallofthesetasks,manyusersstruggledwithusingtheapplication’stemplatefunctionalitytoselecttemplatefeatures.Inaddition,usersunwittinglyencounteredtwoapplicationbugswhenattemptingtodrawnewroadfeaturesandledtogeneralconfusionandlessthanoptimaluserinterfacefeedback.Thefirstbugoccurredwhenusersattemptedtodrawaroadsegmentbyclickinginthebufferareaneartheeditpanel.Duetoamapalignmentissue,userswerenotabletoaddroadverticesinthisarea,leadingtoagreatamountofconfusionandrequiringtheusertopanthemaporclosetheeditpanelinthemiddleofroadedit.ThisisshowninFigure9,below.



Figure9.MapAlignmentBug

Thesecondbugoccurredwhentheuserattemptedtodoubleclickandfinishdrawinganewroadsegment.Thenewroadlineswoulddisappearfromthemapwhentheuserisfinisheddrawing.ThisconfusedmanyusersinTasks8&10,whobelievedtheyhaddonesomethingwrongwhendrawingtheroad.“Afterdoubleclicking,myroadsegmentdisappeared.”

“Ican'tseethenewlinethatIdrewafterIstoppeddrawing.”

“Ididn’tknowthatIdrewaroadbecausetheredlinedidn’tstaythereafterIdrewit.”

“Idrewaroad,butwhenIdoubleclickedtheroadisgone.”

“Theroaddisappearedafterdrawingit.”

“Uhoh,Idoubleclickedtoenditandtheroaddisappeared.”CommentsonTask8Theuserswereunawaretheroadwassuccessfullydrawn,despitethefactthattheapplicationpurposefullygraysoutthemapareatodirectuserattentiontotheroadattributespanelafterdrawing.Thisissueseemstopointtoacrucialaspectofthemapuserinterfacefeedbackthatuserswouldexpect,namelyimmediatevisualcuesoftheirnewlyaddedfeatures.Inadditiontotheseissues,manyusersexperiencedconfusion



whenfollowingthestepswithinTasks6&10thatrequiredthemtousetheattributetemplatefeatures.Usershadtroublewithselectingonly1templateroadsegmenttouse,astheyeitheraccidentallyselectedmultiplefeaturesatonce,ordidn’trealizethattheyneededtodragaboundingboxtoselectfeatures.Thisisdespitethefactthealertswindowoffereddetailedinstructionsatthetopofthemap.Manyusersstillseemedunawarethattheywerethere.AnexampleofthemapalertswindowisshowninFigure10.“It'shardtoselectonly1roadfeature.”“Ididn’tevenseetheinstructionspanelwhenselectingnewroad.It'dbebetteriftheyweremorevisible…maybeintheeditpanel.”Commentsonselectingfeaturesandmapalerts

Figure10.MapAlerts

ApplicationHelpToursThefirsttaskintheapplicationworkflowwastoclickonthe“Help”buttoninthenavigationbarandrunthroughbothapplicationhelptours.Thesetoursdepictedclickthroughpopupwindowswithdescriptionsforeachbuttonandpieceoffunctionalityinthemapapplication.Thetourswerepurposefullyplacedinthefirsttasktogivetheusersabriefintroductionintotheapplicationfunctionality(Figure11).Basedonusercommentsandthepost-testsurveys,ithasbecomeveryapparentthatthesepassiveclick-throughtourswerenotthebestpieceoffunctionalitytouseasahelportutorialintheapplication.Usersdidnotseemtogetmuchbenefitfromthehelptours,andseveralwereconfusedaboutthenavigationofthehelptutorials.Inaddition,



severaluserswereundertheassumptionthattheyshouldbeactivelytestingoutthefunctionalityastheyranthroughthetutorials.Severaluserssuggestedcreatedahelpvideotutorialinlieuoftheclickthroughtour.“It'dbeniceforthetutorialtoallowtheusertotryoutthefunctionsastheylearnthem.”

“ItmightbebetterifyoucouldplaceaGIForvideotutorialshowingthefunctionsinsteadof

readingaboutit.”

Commentsonthetourfunctionality

Figure11.HelpTours

MapRenderingOneofthemostsignificantissuesencounteredbyallusers,thatoftenledtoconfusionandlongertaskdurationswasthebasemaprendering.Afterrunningthroughtheapplicationtours,mostusershadnoproblemwithfindingthe‘Layers’buttonandswitchingthebackgroundbasemap.Therewere,however,manyinstancesinwhichtheimagerybasemapfailedtoloadofrenderedextremelyslowly.Thiswasunfortunatelyabyproductoftheexternalbasemapservice,howeveritdidseemtohaveaprofoundlynegativeimpactonuserexperiencesandtaskefficiency.



“ThemouseisspinningandI'mnotsurewhy(mapnotloadingfast).”

“Theaerialimageryisloadingreallyslowly.”

“Theimageryisveryslowtoloadandupdate.”

“ThemapisnotloadingrightandI'mhavingahardtimefindingthepoint.”

CommentsonmaprenderingTheresultingmaploadingerrorscouldsubstantiallydeteriorateuserinterfaceusabilityiftheyarenotaddressedinthefuture.Thisisduetothefactthatusersatisfactionandapplicationefficiencyaretwoofthefivekeyconceptsinusability(Nielsen,2003).Inasimilarvein,roadsegmentlabelswerenotalwaysapparentorlegible,dependingonhowfartheuserchosetozoomin,thisimpactedtheuser’sabilitytoefficientlycompleteseveraltasksanderodedtheefficiencyandsatisfactionsaswell.Abetterrenderingforroadlabelsneedstobeaddressed.“IcantseethelabelforShaftoRoad.Notsureiftherightroadsegmentwasselected.”

“Ididn’tknowwhereShaftoRoadwasat.Ididn’tseealabel.”

CommentsonmaplabelsMissingActiveFeedbackAssuggestedearlier,themapalertspanelinthetopcenterlocationofthemap,didnotseemreadilyapparenttomostusers.Themapalertspanelwasdesignedtogivetheuserconstantfeedbackaboutwhatfunctionsandstepstheuseriscurrentlyin,particularlywhentheyareinaneditsession.Themapalertsprovideinstructionsonhowtoperformtheeditfunctions.Despitethisfeature,itseemedasthoughmanyusersdidnotseemtorecognizeit,astheycontinuedtobeunsureofwhatfunctionalitytheywereusingatdifferenttimes.Inaddition,therewereseveralotherareasofthemappinginterfacethatlackedpromptandactivefeedback.Thesearchwindowdidnotautomaticallycloseorprovideconfirmationwhenanaddresssearchwassuccessful,asevidencedintheuserquotesbelow."IthinkIsavedit."



“Presumablyitfoundtheaddress.”

“It'dbehelpfulifthesearchpanelclosedafterasearchissuccessful.”

“I'malittleconfused,ifIdon'thitsaveonthebottom,butchoosestopeditingatthetop,it

doesn'tsavemyedits.Doesn'tseemtomakesense.”

"IthinkIsaveditbutIdon’tseewhereittellsmethat…”

CommentsonapplicationfeedbackParticularemphasisinsubsequentversionsofthisapplicationshouldbeplacedonactivelynotifyingtheuserthatsearchandsaveoperationsweresuccessful,aswellasactivefeedbackiftheuserattemptedtousetheapplicationinanunintendedmanner.UserSurveysDespitethewealthoffeedbackandinformationgleanedfromtheThinkAloudusertestsessions,asubstantialamountoffeedbackwasreceivedinthepost-testsurveys.Thesurveyincorporatedfivequestions,fourofwhichallowedtheusertosubmitopenendedresponsesabouttheirexperiences.Thefirstquestionfeaturedamatrixinwhichtheusercoulddesignatehowmuchtheyagreewithseveralstatementsaboutlearningtheapplication.Theresponsestoquestion1arelistedbelow.Question1:

Conclusions



Mostparticipantsansweredthefirstquestioninanoverwhelminglypositivemanner.DespitetheissuesdiscussedintheThinkAloudsession,mostparticipantsdidnotfindtheapplicationcumbersometouseandagreedthattheapplicationcouldbeeasilyadoptedbyothers.Question2:Whichtaskdidyoufindhardest?Why?Themostcommonansweramongparticipantsdescribedthetasksthatinvolvedaddingandeditingroadsegments,namelytasks8and10.Thechiefreasonsthatuserslistedwerethefactthatthenewsegmentdrawingdisappearedandtheuserhadahardtimeunderstandinghowtodraworextendaroadsegment.Question3:Whatdidyoulikemostabouttheuserinterfacesetup?Mostoftheparticipantsdescribedhowtheyfoundtheuserinterfacetobecleanandsimple,andtheeditingfunctionsprettystraightforward.Despiteearliersuggestionstochangetheapplicationtoursformat,anumberofparticipantssuggestedthehelptourswereeffective.Question4:Whatdidyoulikeleastabouttheuserinterfacesetup?Thisparticularquestionfeaturedthemostvariedresponsesfromalloftheparticipants.Althoughmanyoftheparticipant’sresponseswereunique,themostcommonsurveyresponsescenteredontheconfusingsetupandworkflowforsavingeditsandthedisappearanceofnewlydrawnlinesegments.Intermsofcomplaintsoversavingeditsfunctionality,participantsfeltthathavingtwolocationstosaveedits(oneforimmediatefeaturechanges,andanothertoconfirmandsavealledits)wasconfusingandmisleading.Infutureversionsoftheapplicationitmightbebeneficialtoincreasetheamountofactivefeedbackandintroduceawarningmessageinthecasethatauserisattemptingtoexitaneditsessionwithoutsavingedits.Question5:Whatwouldyouchangeabouttheapplicationtomakeitmoreintuitive/easiertouseforpeople?Themostcommonanswertothisquestionamongparticipantswasrelatedtooverhaulingthehelptoursandtutorialsintheapplication.Manyoftheparticipantssuggestedputtingadirectlinktoavideotutorial,orsetoftutorialsthatwouldplayinthecenterofthescreen.



Severalotherinterestingsuggestionsweresuggestedaswell.Oneusersuggestedallowinguserstosaveandnamemultiplebookmarklocation.Anotherusersuggestedthemapalertpanelwasnotasvisibleasitshouldbe.

ConclusionsThecentralquestionforthisentireinvestigationcenteredonasinglepremise:Howdowedesignavolunteeredgeographicinformationapplicationinsuchawaythatitpromotesincreasedusersatisfaction,engagementandadoption.TherearemanystrategiesandtechnologiesthatacentralGISenterprisecantakeinordertorefineandacquirebetterdatafromlocaldatastewards,andaremotewebeditingapplication,suchastheNJAddressEditor,isjustoneofmanytoolstodoso.Thisprojecthasbeenextremelybeneficialinstreamlininguserinterfacedesignandthedevelopmentworkflows.AlthoughtheNJAddressEditorprototypedidattempttoincorporatemanyinterfacedesignelementsthatwouldimproveusabilityandlearnability,ultimatelytheThinkAloudusersessionsprovedthemostvaluableinsortingouttheuniquefeaturesthatareahindranceorbenefittotheaverageuser.Althoughtheprototypewasfoundtohavemanyflawsandomissionsintermsofactiveuserfeedback,ultimatelytheuserinterfacewasfoundtobesimple,cleanandeasytonavigateformostusers.ThelessonslearnedandconceptstakenfromtheliteraturereviewandthisThinkAloudsessionwillcontinuetohelprefinetheNJAddressPointEditorsothatitleadstothegreatestadoptionbylocalagencies.



References

Behrens,Jan,CornéPJMvanElzakker,andManuelaSchmidt."TestingtheUsabilityofOpenStreetMap'siDTool."TheCartographicJournal52.2(2015):177-184.

Hackley,M.2010.HowGoodisVolunteeredGeographicalInformation?Johnson,PeterA."Modelsofdirecteditingofgovernmentspatialdata:challengesandconstraintstotheacceptanceofcontributeddata."CartographyandGeographicInformationScience(2016):1-11.

Johnson,P.A.,andR.E.Sieber.2013.“SituatingtheAdoptionofVGIbyGovernment.”CrowdsourcingGeographicKnowledge,editedbyD.Sui,S.Elwood,andM.Goodchild,65–81.Dordrecht:SpringerNetherlands.http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-94-007-4587-2_5.

Jones,C.andWeber,P.(2012).‘Towardsusabilityengineeringforonlineeditorsofvolunteeredgeographicinformation:aperspectiveonlearnability’,TransactionsinGIS,16/4,pp.523–544.

Nakatsu,Robbie,andCharalambosIacovou."AnInvestigationofUserInterfaceFeaturesofCrowdsourcingApplications."HCIinBusiness.SpringerInternationalPublishing,2014.410-418.

NENA.2014.NENANextGeneration9-1-1UnitedStatesCivicLocationDataExchangeFormat(CLDXF).NENA-STA-004.1.1-2014

NENA.2015.NENAInformationDocumentforDevelopmentofSite/StructureAddressPointGISDatafor9-1-1NENA-INF-014.1-2015https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nena.org/resource/resmgr/Standards/NENA-INF-014.1-2015_SSAP_INF.pdf

Nielsen,J.(1993).UsabilityEngineering,AcademicPress,Boston.

NielsenJ,ClemmensenT,andYssingC2002Gettingaccesstowhatgoesoninpeople’sheads?:Reflectionsonthethink-aloudtechnique.InProceedingsoftheSecondNordicConferenceonHuman-ComputerInteraction(NordiCHI’02),Aarhus,Denmark:101–10



Roth,RobertE."InteractivityandCartography:AContemporaryPerspectiveonUserInterfaceandUserExperienceDesignfromGeospatialProfessionals."Cartographica:TheInternationalJournalforGeographicInformationandGeovisualization50.2(2015):94-115.

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Roth,RobertE.,etal."Wireframingforinteractive&web-basedgeographicvisualization:designingtheNOAALakeLevelViewer."CartographyandGeographicInformationScience(2016):1-20.

Sieber,R.E.,andP.A.Johnson.2015.“CivicOpenDataataCrossroads:DominantModelsandCurrentChallenges.”GovernmentInformationQuarterly32(3):308–315.

URL–NJGIN.2015.Roads.https://njgin.state.nj.us/oit/gis/NJ_NJGINExplorer/docs/Centerline_Pub_Model.pdf

URL-NJGIN.2016.AddressPoints.https://njgin.state.nj.us/download2/Address/NJ_Address_Model.pdf

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Zandbergen,PaulA.2008.‘‘AComparisonofAddressPoint,ParcelandStreetGeocodingTechniques.’’Computers,EnvironmentandUrbanSystems32:214-32.http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/science/article/pii/S0198971507000890

Zandbergen,P.A.(2009).Geocodingqualityandimplicationsforspatialanalysis.GeographyCompass,3,647-680.



APPENDIXA–UserTestTasksheet

IntroductionTheNJAddressEditorisawebapplicationdesignedbytheNewJerseyOfficeofInformationTechnologythatallowslocalagenciestheabilitytoeditthestate’sroadcenterlinesandaddresspointGISdata.Theapplicationallowsausertozoomtoanareaofinterestorneighborhood,searchforanaddressandaddorupdateeitherroadcenterlinesoraddresspointsonthemap.Thefollowingtasksheetwasdesignedtobeperformedduringathinkaloudusertestsession.Thetasksheetinvolvespredefinedtasksthatcovermostoftheapplication’scapabilities,includinginteractingwiththemapandeditingaddressdata.Asaparticipant,youwillbetimedandyourvoicerecordedasyouworktocompleteeachtask.Asthisisathinkaloudusertestsession,youareencouragedtotalkoutloudandofferyouropinionasyouattempttocompleteeachofthesetasks.Duringtheusertestsession,therearealsotworulestokeepinmind:1)Youarenotallowedtoaskthemoderatoranyquestionsaboutusingtheapplication.2)Ifyouarestuckandunsureofhowtoproceedonacertaintask,youareallowedtoabandonitandmoveontothenexttaskatyourdiscretion.



Task1:ApplicationTour

1) ViewtheHelpInformationClickontheHelpbuttonandrunthroughboththeMapNavigationandEditingTours.

Task2:SaveBookmark2) SearchforaTownship

ClickontheSearchbutton,zoomtoTintonFallsbyselecting“MonmouthCounty”then“TintonFallsBorough”fromthedropdownselections.Closethesearchwindow.

3) BookmarktheTintonFallsLocationSavetheviewofTintonFallsasyourhomeBookmarklocation.

Task3:AddanAddressPoint4) Searchforanaddress

Inthesearchpanel,searchforthisaddress:1540WestParkAveTintonFalls,NJ.Closethesearchwindow.

5) ChangethebasemapClicktheSelectLayersbuttonandchoose“2015Imagery”asthebasemap.

6) Addanewaddresspoint:-Startaneditsessionforaddresspoints-We’regoingtoselectthenearestroadsegmenttouseasatemplatefortheaddress-Clickon“SelectTemplate”fromtheEditingPanel-Dragtoselectthenearestsegmentof“ShaftoRd”asatemplatefeature(seebluearrowinimage).Theroadsegmentshouldbehighlightedinblueonthemapandtheroad’sattributesshouldnowbelistedinthe“AddressTemplate”pane.-Clickon“NewAddress”fromtheeditorpanel-Clickonthemapanddropanewpointatthelocationdepictedinyellowcircle.-IntheNewAddresspaneontheeditpanel,enterthefollowingaddressinformation: -Address:2000ShaftoRdTintonFalls,NJ07712 -Placename:Wawa -LocationType:Rooftop -UseType:CommercialandRetail



-AddressSource:TestUser

Task4:Addanewroad7) SwitchFeatureType

StopEditing,saveyouredits,andswitchthefeaturetypeto“Roads”

8) Addanewroad:-Starteditingroads-Selectthe‘NewRoad’button-DrawanewroadbehindtheWawa(shownbelowbytheredarrow).-Enterthefollowingattribute: -Local1:WawaWay-Leaveallotherattributesblankandhit‘Save’



Task5:Extendaroad9) Searchforanintersection

Inthesearchpanel,searchfor:PublicRd&ProspectPlainsRd,MONROETOWNSHIP,NJ08831

10) Extendaroadsegment-Inthecurrentmapextent,find“LandmarkRoad.”Theroadshouldbehighlightedinred.-Selectthe“SelectTemplate”button,thendragtoselect“LandmarkRoad.”-Select“NewRoad”thenaddanothersegmenttotheexistingsegmentofLandmarkRoad.Extendthissegmenttothefirstintersectingroad(fromimagery)

Task6:Updateanaddresspoint11) SwitchFeatureType

-SelectStopEditing-IntheStopEditingpopupwindow,choose“SaveEdits”-Switchthefeaturetypeofinterestto“Address”

12) SearchforanaddressUsethesearchpaneltolocate:100SouthStMorristown,NJ

13) Updateanaddress-Select“UpdateAddress”fromtheeditpanel-Dragtoselecttheaddresspointfor100SouthStMorristown,NJ07960-Updatethefollowingattributes: -Placename1:MayoPerformingArtsCenter -LocationType:Rooftop -UseType:PublicAttractionsandLandmarks

Task7:Deleteanaddresspoint14) Deleteanaddress

-Findtheaddress:301ELotusRoadWildwood,NJ08260.(LocatedinWildwoodCrestBorough,CapeMayCounty)-Usingthe‘UpdateAddress’function,flagtheaddressfordeletionbycheckingtheboxfor‘DeletePoint’



APPENDIXB-UserTestSurvey

1)

StronglyDisagree

StronglyAgree

1 2 3 4 5IthinkthatIwouldliketousethissystemmorefrequently.

Ifoundtheapplicationunnecessarilycomplex. Ithoughtheapplicationwaseasytouse. IthinkthatIwouldneedthesupportofatechnicalpersontobeabletousethisapplication. Ifoundthevariousfunctionsinthisapplicationwerewellintegrated. Ithoughttherewastoomuchinconsistencyinthisapplication. Iwouldimaginethatmostpeoplewouldlearntousethisapplicationveryquickly. Ifoundtheapplicationverycumbersometouse. Ifeltveryconfidentusingtheapplication. IneededtolearnalotofthingsbeforeIcouldgetgoingwiththisapplication.

2)Whichtaskdidyoufindhardest?Why?

3)Whatdidyoulikemostabouttheuserinterfacesetup?

4)Whatdidyoulikeleastabouttheuserinterfacesetup?

5)Whatwouldyouchangeabouttheapplicationtomakeitmoreintuitive/easiertouseforpeople?

Documents

Development of a n Address Point Editing Application for ... · 12/1/2016 · majority of the points were derived from statewide parcel boundaries data from 2015, ... application